By going through these Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 4 Primary Economic Activities students can recall all the concepts quickly.
Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 4 Primary Economic Activities
→ Primary economic activities are dependent on nature and produce natural resources. They are affected by natural calamities.
Hunting:
→ Hunting was a primitive activity of man to get food; as a result, many animal species have become extinct.
→ Even today hunting is practised in some parts of the world. Example: Bushmen of Kalahari Desert, Pygmies of Equatorial Selvas, Boras, Eskimos of Tundra, etc.
→ Commercial hunting is banned all over the world and many laws have been passed to protect animals.
Gathering:
→ Gathering depends on forest products, such as fruits, roots, tubers, leaves, flowers, medicinal plants, gum, lac, honey, wax, rubber, etc., which are carried out in all the forest-covered areas.
→ In the equatorial rainforests, the climate is humid and unhealthy.
→ Due to the disturbances of reptiles and insects, collection of forest products on a large scale becomes difficult.
Lumbering:
- An important primary activity.
- Lumbering is practised in coniferous forest region due to its softwood.
Fishing:
→ Initially fishing started as a primary activity on subsistence level, now it is one of the important economic activity.
→ Development of fishing is greatly affected by number of physical factors as follows:
→ Extensive continental shelf with shallow water.
→ Confluence of warm and cold ocean water currents and availability of plankton.
→ Large size population and limited cultivable land.
→ Absence of alternative occupations.
→ Use of technology and excellent port facilities has increased fishing activity.
→ Cold climate for preservation of fish.
Animal Husbandry:
→ Climate is the most important factor in the development of animal husbandry.
→ It is concentrated between 30°N to 60°N and 30°S to 55°S latitudes.
→ Development of animal husbandry depends upon advancement of technology, advancement of markets and availability of large estates.
Mining:
→ Since ancient times, minerals have been used for making weapons, tools, jewellery, utensils and medicines.
→ Industries using minerals as raw material are located near mining areas.
→ Improved transport facilities are very important for the development of mining activities.
→ Development of mining increases industries, thus improving the economy.
→ Our economic development is closely related to the exploitation of minerals, oil and natural gas.
→ Exploitation of minerals depends upon the ecology of the region, value of minerals, capital investments, technology, skilled labour and climate.
Agriculture:
→ Agriculture is the most important occupation of man.
→ Influencers in the development of agriculture are climate, topography, soil and biotic factors.
→ Socio-economic factors like labour, capital, market, transportation facilities, storage facilities, government policy, population and ownership of land influence agriculture.
→ Greenhouse and playhouse are modern agricultural techniques.