By going through these Maharashtra State Board Class 12 History Notes Chapter 6 Indian Struggle against Colonialism students can recall all the concepts quickly.
Maharashtra State Board Class 12 History Notes Chapter 6 Indian Struggle against Colonialism
Struggles before 1857
Revolt of Bhils:
→ In 1818, the British East India Company took complete charge of Khandesh.
→ About 8000 Bhils who resided in the region of Satpuda, Satmala and Ajintha united against the British and started a revolt.
→ Major Morin, Capt. Briggs, Capt. Robinson, Lt. Outram, Major Pitman, Capt. Evans, Capt. Taylor were some of the British officers who successfully crushed the revolt of Bhils.
Revolt of Ramoshis:
→ In Satara district, the Ramoshis revolted under the leadership of Chitursingh.
→ Santaji Naik and Umaji Naik were among the captains heading the Ramoshi groups.
→ The British put an end to the revolt of the Ramoshis.
Freedom Struggle of 1857
Important characteristics of the Revolt of 1857:
- Discontented soldiers of the Indian army.
- Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse.
- Land revenue systems of the British.
- Hurting religious sentiments of Indians.
- Leaders fighting for their own interests.
- Queen’s Proclamation of 1858.
Background of the Founding of Indian National Congress:
- Establishing important associations.
- Foundation of Indian National Congress.
Moderates and Extremists:
- Resolutions of ‘Swadeshi’ and ‘Boycott’.
- Partition of Bengal (1905).
Armed Revolutionaries in India:
→ Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev, Vasudev Balwant Phadke were some of the revolutionaries.
→ Abhinav Bharat, Anusheelan Samiti, Gadar Party, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association were some of the revolutionary organisations.
Mahatma Gandhi’s Non-Violent Resistance Movement:
Mahatma Gandhi became the leader of India’s Independence Movement. During his time the following events took place –
- Champaranya Satyagraha 1917.
- Rowlatt Act 1919.
- Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 1919.
- Non-Co-operation Movement 1920.
- Salt Satyagraha 1930.
Azad Hind Sena:
- Azad Hind Sena was built by Rasbihari Bose.
- Azad Hind Sarkar was established by Subhash Chandra Bose in 1943 in Singapore.
Quit India Movement of 1942:
- Resolution of Quit India Movement was passed on 8th August 1942.
- Famous call of ‘Do or Die’ given by Gandhiji.
- Prati Sarkar (Parallel Governments) were established in several parts of India.
- Creation of two nations-India and Pakistan.
- Implementation of Constitution of India on 26th January 1950.
Glossary:
→ Regiment – A group of soldiers in the army who are commanded by a particular officer (a colonel)
→ Revolted – To protest in a group often violently.
→ Gadkari – A salaried officer in the Maratha empire who looked after the forts.
→ Cantonment – A military camp
→ Repugnant – Making you feel disgust
→ Platoon – A small group of soldiers
→ Gadar – Uprising
→ Charkha – The Indian spinning wheel
→ Swadeshi – Made in one’s own country
→ Pratisarkar – Parallel government.