Category: Class 12

Class 12 English Chapter 1.5 The New Dress Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.5 The New Dress Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.5 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.5 The New Dress Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write in Column ‘B’ the description of the clothes you would choose to wear for the occasions given in Column ‘A’:
Answer:

Question 2.
Discuss the criterion of the choice of your clothes with the help of given points:
Answer:
(a) Occasion: whether it is a birthday, wedding, picnic, college festival, etc.
(b) Society (people you may meet at the venue): friends, relatives, classmates, visitors, students from other colleges, etc.
(c) Availability: bought at a store, tailored, borrowed, etc.
(d) Fashion: designer clothes, casual, Indian formal, Western formal, etc.
(e) Your wish/whim: colour of my choice, style, etc.
(f) A suggestion or advice by someone (mother, sister, friend, etc.): Only advice by friends
(g) Any other than the above mentioned reasons: I would choose a dress that would suit me and set off my looks in the best possible way, even if it may be out of fashion. I would not go by whether it is expensive or branded.

Question 3.
Divide the class into groups. Discuss the role of costumes in enhancing your personality:
Answer:
(Points: clothes very important – first impressions important – colours, cut that suit a person – if the clothes are suitable, confidence level increases – however, it is not the cost of clothes but suitability to the wearer and occasion that are important – your clothes also depend on the culture and place.)

Question 4.
State whether you agree or disagree with the following statements and discuss the reasons:
Answer:
(a) A simple dress makes one’s personality look dull.
(Disagree – if the cut is good, the cloth is good – it suits the wearer – a simple dress can be excellent.)

(b) We should not judge ourselves from the comments we receive from others.
(Agree – we should have self-esteem – trust our judgement – do not have to seek approval from others – people may be envious, etc.)

(c) A fashionable and costly dress makes you look rich, intelligent and beautiful.
(Disagree – the dress must suit the wearer – should be worn with confidence – wearer should have good posture – accessories should be well-matched, etc.)

(d) We should choose a dress according to the fashion rather than our choice.
(Disagree – if we choose according to fashion, may not be comfortable – the fashion may not suit us-we may feel self-conscious – hence choose a dress according to our choice.)

(A1)

Question (i)
There are a few other characters mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way their reactions help us to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Answer:
Mabel told Robert Haydon that she felt like some dowdy, decrepit, horribly dingy old fly. She said it to reassure herself and appear detached and witty, and to show that she did not feel in the least out of anything.

Robert Haydon probably replied something to praise her, which Mabel felt was just politeness, and that he was being insincere. Though she was constantly looking for approval from others, she always felt suspicious when someone actually praised her, or said something in her favour. This shows that she has no self-esteem and a very big inferiority complex.

(A2)

Question (i)
Pick out the sentence/s from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs. Dalloway’s place.
Answer:
1. If she had been dressed like Rose Shaw, in lovely, clinging green with a ruffle of swansdown.
2. For she would not join Charles Burt and Rose Shaw, chattering like magpies and perhaps laughing at her by the fireplace.

Question (ii)
Mabel is thinking too much about her dress. Pick out two sentences supporting the above statement.
Answer:
1. It seemed to her that the yellow dress was a penance which she had deserved.
2. Then Mrs Holman was off, thinking her the most dried-up, unsympathetic twig she had ever met, absurdly dressed, too, and would tell every one about Mabel’s fantastic appearance.

Question (iii)
Critically analyze Mabel’s weak economic conditions in the past as one of the reasons that led her to choose the old-fashioned dress.
Answer:
Mabel did not belong to a rich family. She was one of a family of ten. They always had to be careful about their expenses, always counting the pennies. Her mother had to carry big cans the linoleum on the stairs was worn off, and there was always some minor domestic tragedy taking place.

Even when they went to seaside resorts, they stayed at lodges which never faced the sea directly, but at an odd angle, so that they had to squint to see the sea. Maybe indirectly she was still fighting with her weak economic conditions of the past, and this had made her choose the old-fashioned dress or it could have been some memories of the past that made her do it.

Question (iv)
The cause of Miss Mabel’s disappointment is not only her poor background in the past but her too much bookishness also Substantiate.
Answer:
To a certain extent this is true. She keeps thinking about the depressing lines she has read written by Shakespeare; she also keeps thinking of the story of the fly and the saucer, and how she is a fly and the others are dragonflies, butterflies and beautiful insects. Probably her over-active imagination, which led to her continuous disappointment with various things, was also due to extensive reading.

Question (v)
Do you appreciate Mabel’s tendency of deciding her own value from the comments given by others? Explain your views.
Answer:
No, I don’t. We all have our own likes and dislikes; we should wear what we like and behave in the manner we think is appropriate. We should not depend on the approval and comments of others to decide our value and worth. This is done only by those who have no confidence in themselves and no self-esteem.

(A3)

Question (i)
Write the synonyms for the word ‘dress’ by filling appropriate letters in the blanks. One is done for you.
Answer:
(a) a t t i r e
(b) g a r b
(c) c o s t u m e
(d) g a r m e n t
(e) o u t f i t
(f) a p p a r e l

Question (ii)
Conchology means the scientific study or collection of mollusc shells. Find out the meanings of:
1. Etymology
2. Archaeology
Answer:
1. Etymology – the study of the origin and history of words.
2. Archaeology – the scientific study of material remains (such as tools, pottery, jewelry, stone walls, and monuments) of past human life and activities.

(A4)

(i) Use the correct tense form of the verbs given in the brackets and rewrite the sentences.

Question (a)
She ………………….. (take/takes/took/had taken) that old fashion book of her mother a few months back.
Answer:
She had taken that book of her mother a few months back.

Question (b)
She ……………… (pecking/pecks/pecked) at her left shoulder for quite some time.
Answer:
She pecked at her left shoulder for quite some time.

Question (c)
One human should (done /doing/be doing) this for another always.
Answer:
One human should be doing this for another always.

Question (d)
All this (will be/is/have been) destroyed in a few years.
Answer:
All this will be destroyed in a few years.

Question (e)
She (feels/felt/will be feeling) like a dressmaker’s dummy standing there.
Answer:
She felt like a dressmaker’s dummy standing there.

(ii) Do as directed:

Question (a)
Lata will sing tonight. (Make it less certain.)
Answer:
Lata may sing tonight.

Question (b)
You should wear your uniform. (Show ability.)
Answer:
You can wear your uniform.

Question (c)
Sandeep may study to clear the examination. (Make it obligatory/compulsory.)
Answer:
Sandeep must study to clear the examination.

Question (d)
I can do it. (Make a sentence seeking permission.)
Answer:
May I do it?

(iii)

Question (a)
Frame three rules for the students of your college. (Non-textual grammar)
Answer:
1. Students must wear identity cards in the college premises.
2. Students must not loiter near the college gate.
3. Every student must have at least 75% attendance in every subject.

Question (b)
Frame three sentences giving advice to your younger brother.
Answer:
1. You should make a timetable for revision at least a month before the exams.
2. You should not eat junk food.
3. You should visit your dentist at least once every six months.

Question (iv)
Fill-in the blanks with appropriate modal auxiliaries according to the situation given in the following sentences:
Answer:
(a) Take an umbrella. It might rain later.
(b) People must not walk on the grass.
(c) May I ask you a question?
(d) The signal has turned red. You must wait.
(e) I am going to the library. I could find my friend there.

(A5)

Question (i)
Virginia Woolf has created many characters other than Miss Mabel with great skill. Write a character sketch of any one of them.
Answer:
One of the guests at Mrs. Dalloway’s party was Charles Burt. Mabel was impressed by him and longing for some praise from him. However, he was a malicious person, with no heart, no fundamental kindness and only a superficial appearance of friendliness. He liked to poke fun at people and see their reactions. He probably also liked to gossip about people and discuss them behind their backs, but his opinion made a great difference to Mabel.

Question (ii)
‘Clothes mean nothing until someone lives in them.’ Expand the idea in your own words.
Answer:
Clothes mean nothing until someone lives in them These are the words of Marc Jacobs, a fashion designer. It means that clothes gain importance and character only when someone is wearing them. The first impression that people have of a person is not only through the clothes that one is wearing but the way one is wearing those clothes.

The style a person adopts tells people a lot about his/her personality and character. The best and most expensive clothes can be unimpressive if the wearer does not carry himself/herself well. On the contrary, the simplest of clothes can look good and impressive if the wearer has good posture, self-confidence and self-esteem.

Hence, when we are buying clothes, we must not only be sure that they will suit us but that we will be comfortable in them and able to carry them well. So, we must choose clothes that make us feel good about ourselves, confident and happy.

(A6)

Question 1.
Go to a library and read the following books:
(a) ‘A Haunted House’ by Virginia Woolf
(b) ‘Mrs. Dalloway’ by Virginia Woolf

(A7)

Question 1.
Find out information about career opportunities in the following fields:

1. Fashion designing
2. Dress designing
3. Textile industry
4. Garment industry
5. Image consultancy
6. Psychology and Psychiatry

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.5 The New Dress Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below:

A1. Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
Answer:
1. What depressed Mabel was her appalling inadequacy, her cowardice and her mean, water-sprinkled blood.
2. The feeling that grew stronger as she went upstairs was that something was not quite right.
3. The eyelids of the guests flickered and then shut rather tight.

Question 2.
Complete the following:
Answer:

1. According to Mabel, fashion means cut, style, and cost, at least thirty guineas.
2. When Mabel was sitting over the teacups, she had thought that she could not be fashionable.
3. The book Mabel had chosen was an old Paris fashion book of her mother’s, of the time of the Empire.
4. Rose Shaw’s lips had a little satirical pucker.

Question 3.
Mabel knew that these were her main faults:
Answer:
envy and spite

Question 4.
Mable tried to imagine them like flies:
Answer:
Rose Shaw and all the other people

Question 5.
He stopped to listen to Mabel:
Answer:
Robert Haydon

Question 6.
She, Mabel, was a fly but the others were:
Answer:
dragonflies, butterflies, beautiful insects

Question 7.
Complete the following:
Answer:
1. Miss Milan’s workroom was terribly hot, stuffy and sordid, smelling of clothes and cabbage cooking.
2. When Mabel looked at herself in the glass, she saw a grey-white, mysteriously smiling, charming girl, the core of herself.

Question 8.
Match the following and write the complete answers:

Answer:

1. Miss Milan wanted to know about the length of the skirt.
2. Miss Milan let the canary pick a hemp
3. Mabel felt it was very weak to be so dependent on people’s opinions.
4. When Mabel was in Miss Dalloway’s drawing-room she suffered tortures and was awoken to reality.

Question 9.
Pick out the sentences that are false and write them correctly:
Answer:
1. Mabel was not at all confident when she went into the room.
2. Rose Shaw was actually looking very fierce and tragic.
3. Charles Burt wanted to talk to Mabel.
4. Charles Burt told Mabel that she was looking charming.
False sentences:
2. Rose Shaw was actually looking very fierce and tragic.
3. Charles Burt wanted to talk to Mabel.
4. Charles Burt told Mabel that she was looking charming.
Corrected sentences:
2. Mabel imagined that Rose Shaw would look very fierce and tragic.
3. Mabel wanted to talk to Charles Burt.
4. Mabel wished that Charles Burt had told her that she was looking charming.

Question 10.
Match the sentences from Box A and Box B and rewrite the completed sentences:
Answer:
A:
1. Mrs. Holman did not notice Mabel’s dress
2. Mabel was angry because
3. Mrs. Holman leaned forward and told Mabel
4. Mabel compared the clamour and greed of human beings for sympathy
B:
(a) Mrs. Holman treated her like a house agent or messenger boy.
(b) how her eldest boy had strained his heart running.
(c) to a row of cormorants, barking and flapping their wings.
(d) because she was worried about her family.
Answer:

1. Mrs. Holman did not notice Mabel’s dress because she was worried about her family.
2. Mabel was angry because Mrs. Holman treated her like a house agent or messenger boy.
3. Mrs. Holman leaned forward and told Mabel how her eldest boy had strained his heart running.
4. Mabel compared the clamour and greed of human beings for sympathy to a row of cormorants, barking and flapping their wings.

Answer in very brief:

Question 1.
What did Mabel do to look busy?
Answer:
punched the cushions

Question 2.
Who were chatting near the fireplace?
Answer:
Charles Burt and Rose Shaw

Question 3.
What was Rose Shaw wearing?
Answer:
a lovely, clinging green dress with a ruffle of swansdown

Question 4.
What type of job did Hubert have?
Answer:
a safe, permanent underling’s job in the Law Courts

Question 5.
Who was Mabel’s hero?
Answer:
Sir Henry Lawrence

Question 6.
Where did Mabel dream of living?
Answer:
in India

Question 7.
Choose the correct alternative and fill in the blanks:

1. The children ……………. as they paddled. (shouted/cried)
2. The Goddess was …………….. but ……………. (ugly/kind/beautiful/cruel)
3. Mabel was years old. (fifty/forty)
4. All Mabel’s brothers and sisters were …………….. people, (strong/weak)
5. Mabel went to the seaside at ……………. .(Christmas/Easter)
6. Now that Mabel was older, the stories about the fly and the saucer would come more ……………… (seldom/often)

Answer:

1. The children shouted as they paddled.
2. The Goddess was beautiful but cruel.
3. Mabel was forty years old.
4. All Mabel’s brothers and sisters were weak people.
5. Mabel went to the seaside at Easter.
6. Now that Mabel was older, the stories about the fly and the saucer would come more seldom.

Question 8.
Who said to whom:
OR
Complete the following table:
Answer:

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Pick out the sentences from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs. Dalloway’s place.
Answer:
Mrs. Barnet, while handing her the mirror and touching the brushes and thus drawing her attention, perhaps rather markedly, to all the appliances for tidying and improving hair, complexion, clothes, which existed on the dressing table.

Question 2.
Who was Mrs. Barnet? Describe her behaviour.
Answer:
Mrs. Barnet was probably the maid or housekeeper. She held the mirror, touched the brushes, and drew Mabel’s attention, rather markedly, to the appliances kept on the dressing table for improving one’s looks. She indirectly indicated to Mabel that something about Mabel’s looks was not quite right.

Question 3.
Mabel is thinking too much about her dress. Pick out a sentence supporting the above statement.
Answer:
She could not face the whole horror – the pale yellow, idiotically old-fashioned silk dress with its long skirt and its high sleeves and its waist and all the things that looked so charming in the fashion book, but not on her, not among all these ordinary people.

Question 4.
Pick out the sentences from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs. Dalloway’s place.
Answer:
Rose herself being dressed in the height of the fashion, precisely like everybody else, always.

Question 5.
Describe the dress Mabel was wearing, What had been Mabel’s thoughts about it earlier?
Answer:
The dress was a pale yellow, old-fashioned silk dress, with a long skirt and high sleeves and waist. It had looked so charming in the fashion book, but not on her. Mabel had thought earlier that the dress would I make her look modest, old-fashioned and charming.

Question 6.
Pick out the sentences from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs. Dalloway’s place.
Answer:
She was a fly, but the others were dragonflies, butterflies, beautiful insects, dancing, fluttering, skimming.

Question 7.
What did Mabel say to Robert Haydon, and why did she say it? Describe their interactions.
Answer:
Mabel said that she felt like some dowdy, decrepit, horribly dingy old fly. She said it to reassure herself and appear detached and witty, and to show that she did not feel in the least out of anything. Robert Haydon heard this and replied with some polite and insincere words.

Question 8.
Mabel is thinking too much about her dress. Pick out some sentences supporting the above statement.
Answer:
She looked at herself with the dress on, finished, an extraordinary bliss shot through her heart. Suffused with light, she sprang into existence.

Question 9.
Describe Miss Milan.
Answer:
Miss Milan was poor and hard-working. Her face was red and her eyes bulged. Her pleasures in life were few and cheap; one of them was allowing her pet canary to pick a hemp-seed from between her lips. She was patient and had to endure a lot of difficulties.

Question 10.
Mabel is thinking too much about her dress. Pick out a sentence supporting the above statement.
Answer:
She issued out into the room, as if spears were thrown at her yellow dress from all sides.

Question 11.
Pick out the sentence/s from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs. Dalloway’s place.
Answer:
……….. and not be whipped all around in a second by coming into a room full of people.

Question 12.
Describe Mabel’s behaviour as she entered the room.
Answer:
Mabel went out into the room, as if spears were thrown at her yellow dress from all sides. But instead of looking fierce or tragic, she looked foolish and self-conscious. She smiled in a silly way, like a schoolgirl, and slouched across the room, moving quietly, as if she were a beaten dog. She then stood by herself and looked at a picture-from shame, from humiliation.

Question 13.
What had been Mabel’s dreams before marriage? Did they come true?
Answer:
Mabel had dreamt of living in India, married to some hero like Sir Henry Lawrence, or some empire builder. However, she had failed utterly, and had married Hubert, who had an ordinary job in the Law Courts. They lived in a small house without proper maids.

Question 14.
Discuss Mabel’s opinion of herself as a wife and mother.
Answer:
Mabel felt that she had always been a fretful, weak, unsatisfactory mother, and an unsteady and uncertain wife. She felt that she was hanging about lazily in a kind of twilight existence with nothing very clear or very bold, or standing out.

Question 15.
Describe the actions of the fly in Mabel’s imagination. Would the fly behave in the same way (as it did in her imagination), now that she was forty?
Answer:The fly in her imagination suddenly struggled out sometimes. But now that she was forty, she felt that the fly, and she, Mabel, would gradually cease to struggle any more.

Question 16.
Pick out the sentences from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs. Dalloway’s place.
Answer:

1. “But it’s too early to go,” said Mrs. Dalloway, who was always so charming.
2. “I have enjoyed myself,” she said to Mr. Dalloway, whom she met on the stairs.
3. She thanked Mrs. Barnet for helping her.

Question 2.
Describe Mabel’s plans and expectations for the next day.
Answer:
Mabel planned that she would go to the London Library the next day. She would find some wonderful, helpful, astonishing book, by a clergyman or by an American no one had ever heard of or she would walk down the Strand and drop into a hall where a miner was telling about the life in the pit, and suddenly she would become a new person. She would be transformed. She would wear a uniform; somebody would call her Sister : she would never give a thought to clothes again. And after that she would be perfectly clear about Charles Burt and Miss Milan forever.

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis:

Question 1.
There is another character mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way his/ her reactions help us to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Answer:
Mrs. Barnet touched the brushes and drew Mabel’s attention, rather markedly, to the appliances kept on the dressing table for improving one’s looks. She indirectly indicated to Mabel that something about Mabel’s looks was not quite right. Mabel immediately lost whatever confidence she had. This shows us that Mabel’s inferiority complex was so deep and strong that even a housekeeper’s hint rattled her and made her lose confidence.

Question 2.
Complete the following:
‘RIGHT’ signifies ………………. .
Answer:
‘RIGHT’ signifies the suitability of the dress for the occasion.

Question 3.
Complete the following:
She was afraid of looking in the mirror/glass because
Answer:
She was afraid of looking in the mirror/glass because she felt that she looked horrible in the pale yellow, old-fashioned silk dress, with a long skirt and high sleeves and waist.

Question 4.
There is another character mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way his/her reactions help us to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Answer:
Rose Shaw looked at Mabel up and down, twisting her lips in a sarcastic manner, Mabel had expected her to do this. Mabel also felt that Rose and all the others present were dressed, as always, in the height of fashion. This shows us how sensitive Mabel was to the behaviour of others and how she thought j that they were always right in fashion, while she was not. This indicates Mabel’s lack of self-esteem and self-worth.

Question 5.
What was Mabel’s imagination about flies?
Answer:
Mabel felt that we are all like flies trying to crawl over the edge of the saucer, some crawling slowly with their wings stuck together. In order to make the other people at the party look insignificant and unimportant, she tried hard to visualize them as poor, struggling flies, trying to pull themselves out of something or into something.

However, her inferiority complex was so strong that she ultimately saw only herself as a fly trying to drag itself out of the saucer. She saw the others as dragonflies, butterflies, beautiful insects, dancing, fluttering and skimming lightly.

Question 6.
Complete the following:
Answer:
Mabel’s eyes were filled with tears because she felt sorry for poor Miss Milan, who had such few pleasures in life. Those too were cheap ones, like allowing her pet canary to pick a hemp-seed from between her lips. Miss Milan was helping Mabel to become fashionable, and hence Mabel felt very fond of her and full of pity for her condition.

Question 7.
Discuss different pessimistic thoughts in Mabel’s mind.
Answer:
Mabel felt that all the thrill she had felt in her dress had vanished when she entered Mrs. Dalloway’s drawing room, and her eyes were opened to the reality of the dress. She felt depressed and weak that at her age, and with two children, she cared so much about the opinions of other people and did not have any principles or convictions of her own. She was upset that she could not take things lightly, as others did. She found plenty of faults in herself.

Question 8.
There is another character mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way his/ her reactions help us to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Answer:
Mabel told Charles Burt that ‘it’ was old- fashioned, hoping that he would think it was the picture she was talking about, and not her dress. She longed for Charles’ approval, and hoped he would say that she looked charming. But Charles Burt laughed at her, and this upset her tremendously.

She wished she had the confidence to be sure that Miss Milan was right about her dress and Charles was wrong, but unfortunately that was not so, and Charles’ laughter and his malice made her feel even more humiliated and inferior than before. This shows us that Mabel depended heavily on the approval of others and had no self-esteem.

Question 9.
There is another character mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way his/her reactions help us to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Answer:
When Mrs. Holman asked her questions about Elmthorpe and other things, Mabel was furious to be treated like a house agent or a messenger boy, to be made use of. It shows that she is insecure about herself, and feels that people are always humiliating her. Even a person like Mrs. Holman, who is having a difficult time with her family, can make Mabel feel insecure and inferior.

Question 10.
There are a few other characters mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way their reactions help us to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Answer:
Mabel thought that Charles Burt and Rose Shaw were chatting together by the fireplace and laughing at her. She could not hear them, but this was her imagination and inferiority complex which made her think so. Mabel even felt that poor Mrs. Holman was laughing at her dress, and that she would tell everyone about it. Mrs. Holman had so many of her own problems that she probably never even thought of it, but Mabel’s lack of confidence made her feel so.

Question 11.
Describe Mabel’s ‘delicious/divine’ and ‘flat’ moments. Was there a reason for them?
Answer:
The delicious moments of Mabel’s life were reading contentedly in bed, or being down by the sea in the sun and sand at Easter, listening to the melody of the waves and the happy shouts of the children paddling in the water. Also, sometimes she had these moments with Hubert, when he was carving the mutton for Sunday lunch, opening a letter, or coming into the room. On the other hand, sometimes, when everything was arranged – music, weather, holidays – and there was every reason for happiness, it turned suddenly flat.

Question 12.
Complete the following:
The last sentence suggests that
Answer:
The last sentence suggests that however hard Mabel tries to be stylish or fashionable, she is ultimately a middle-class, ordinary woman. She did not have enough money to buy a new cloak. She could not have competed with the rich, stylish people at the party. However, she did not want to accept this fact gracefully, but always felt inferior.

Question 13.
“I have enjoyed myself,” said Mabel. Was this the truth? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
This was not the truth. Though Mabel tells Mr. and Mrs. Dalloway that she has enjoyed herself, she says “Lies, lies, lies!” to herself while going down the stairs. She also mentions that she, like the fly, is right back in the saucer, implying that she would again have to struggle unhappily to climb out of it.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
List the criteria you use to choose a dress/outfit.
Answer:
When I buy a dress, the first thing I look at is the price. If it is beyond my budget, I don’t even think of buying it, however much I like it. I then look at the colour and cut. I do not go in for branded stuff as I feel they are unnecessarily expensive. I am careful while buying clothes as I have limited pocket money. I try to buy things which I can mix and match.

Question 2.
Describe the kind of clothes you wear to college. Do you feel that your clothes do not match to those worn by your friends?
Answer:
I normally wear jeans and T-shirts to college. Everyone else wears the same. All my friends belong to middle-class families, and none of us go in for very fashionable or expensive clothes. I only try to choose colours that I know will look good on me. So, I am quite comfortable with my clothes and know that I look what I am – a young college student!

Question 3.
Do you look for approval from others when you do something/wear something?
Answer:
Yes, to a certain extent I do. After all, we are not solitary human beings, we live in society. When I wear a dress that I think is good, I like others to approve of it too. But I do not get upset if they don’t, because I know that everybody’s tastes are different. In the same way, if I do something outstanding and no one notices it, I do get a bit upset but then I console myself that I am happy, and that is what matters.

Question 4.
Name some simple things that make you feel really happy. Explain why it is so.
Answer:
I feel really happy at the beginning of spring. Just outside my bedroom window there are a few trees which lose their leaves in winter, but get fresh, tender green leaves in March. I watch the increase of leaves daily, and feel very happy. It sort of makes me feel that there is hope and life everywhere, even after a dreary winter.

Question 5.
Does your attention often wander when people are talking to you? Give examples.
Answer:
No, in general it does not. I try to pay full attention when someone is talking to me. But if the person is very slow, or is talking on a very boring topic or boasting, then my attention does wander. For example, the other day my neighbour Aditya was telling me in great detail about some great thing that he did. Aditya is a big liar, and exaggerates everything, so my attention wandered and he got upset with me!

Question 6.
Do you feel nervous/confident when you are at a party? Give examples.
Answer:
If I am attending a party where I do not know the people very well, then I feel nervous. For example, I was invited to a party at my school teacher’s house, in the next building. I did not know anyone there except my teacher, and I felt quite nervous. But when I attend a friend’s party, or a family gathering then I do not feel nervous at all. In fact, I look forward to such parties.

Question 7.
Describe your relationship with your siblings/cousins.
Answer:
I have an elder sister, who is two years older than me. I get along very well with her, because she is kind and very loving. She helps me a lot in my studies, and in choosing my clothes. She has many friends, and I know all of them and get along well with them. We enjoy watching movies at home and listening to music.

Question 8.
Describe one fulfilled/unfulfilled dream of yours.
Answer:
I am an avid reader. I have read many books written by English authors, in which they have described places in England and Scotland, and the beautiful green scenery. It had been my dream to see all this at least once, but it had seemed impossible, as it would have been very expensive. Then one fine day, a cousin got married in Scotland, and she wanted all of us to be present. My parents decided to go and take me along. We toured UK for fifteen days after the wedding, and my dream was fulfilled.

Language Study:

Question 1.
Mabel had her first serious suspicion that something was wrong as she took her cloak off.
(Frame a wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer.)
Answer:
When did Mabel have her first serious suspicion that something was wrong?

Question 2.
What a fright she looks! What a hideous new dress! (Rewrite as assertive sentences.)
Answer:
She looks a real fright. The new dress is very hideous.

Question 3.
Rewrite as an assertive sentence:
“How dull!”
Answer:
It was very dull.

Question 4.
She dared not look in the glass. She could not face the whole horror.
(Rewrite as affirmative sentences.)
Answer:
She was afraid to look in the glass. She was unable to face the whole horror.

Question 5.
If she could say that over often enough, she would become numb, chill, frozen, dumb.
(Pick out the clauses and state their type.)
Answer:
she would become numb, chill, frozen, dumb – main clause
If she could say that over often enough – adverb clause of condition

Question 6.
“Lies! Lies! Lies!” (Rewrite as an assertive sentence.)
Answer:
It was all lies.

Question 7.
Now she could see flies crawling slowly out of a saucer of milk. (Rewrite using ‘able’.)
Answer:
Now she was able to see flies crawling slowly out of a saucer of milk.

Question 8.
It smelt of clothes and cabbage cooking; and yet, when Miss Milan put the glass in her hand, an extraordinary bliss shot through her heart. (Rewrite using ‘though’.)
Answer:
Though it smelt of clothes and cabbage cooking, when Miss Milan put the glass in her hand, an extraordinary bliss shot through her heart.

Question 9.
She felt much, much fonder of Miss Milan than of any one in the whole world.
(Rewrite using ‘asfond … as’.)
Answer:
She did not feel as fond of anyone in the whole world as she felt of Miss Milan.

Question 10.
Suffused with light, she sprang into existence. (Rewrite as a compound sentence.)
Answer:
She was suffused with light and sprang into existence.

Rewrite in indirect speech:

Question 1.
If he had only said, “Mabel, you’re looking charming tonight!” it would have changed her life.
Answer:
If he had only told Mabel that she was looking charming that night, it would have changed her life.

Question 2.
“Mabel’s got a new dress!” he said.
Answer:
He said that Mabel had got a new dress.

Question 3.
“Why,” she asked herself, “can’t I feel one thing always, feel quite sure that Miss Milan is right, and Charles wrong and stick to it?”
Answer:
She asked herself why she couldn’t feel one thing always, feel quite sure that Miss Milan was right, and Charles wrong and stick to it?

Question 4.
Then Mrs. Holman, seeing her standing there, bore down upon her. (Rewrite as a complex sentence.)
Answer:
Then Mrs. Holman, who saw her standing there, bore down upon her.

Question 5.
Mrs. Holman looked at it suspiciously.
(Frame a wh-question to get the underlined word as the answer.)
Answer:
How did Mrs. Holman look at it?

Question 6.
Though Mrs. Holman was leaning forward and telling her how her eldest boy had strained his heart running, she could see her, too, quite detached in the looking glass. (Rewrite using ‘yet’.)
Answer:
Mrs. Holman was leaning forward and telling her how her eldest boy had strained his heart running; yet, she could see her, too, quite detached in the looking glass.

Question 7.
She knew that she was condemned.
(Identify the clauses.)
Answer:
She knew – main clause
that she was condemned – subordinate noun clause

Question 8.
She would not join Charles Burt and Rose Shaw, chattering like magpies and perhaps laughing at her by the fireplace.
(Rewrite using ‘who’.)
Answer:
She would not join Charles Burt and Rose Shaw, who were chattering like magpies and perhaps laughing at her by the fireplace.

Question 9.
She had married Hubert, with his safe, permanent underling’s job in the Law Courts, and they managed tolerably in a smallish house, without proper maids.
(Pick out the verbs and state their tense.)
Answer:
had married – past perfect tense; managed – simple past tense.

Question 10.
By degrees she would cease to struggle any more. (Rewrite using an adverb of the same meaning in place of the underlined expression.)
Answer:
Gradually, she would cease to struggle any more.

Question 11.
It didn’t matter so long as one never said them. (Rewrite using ‘unless’)
Answer:
It didn’t matter unless one said them.

Question 12.
With Hubert sometimes she had divine moments.
(Rewrite beginning ‘Divine moments…’.)
Answer:
Divine moments were had with Hubert sometimes.

Question 13.
‘I have enjoyed myself,” she said to Mr. Dalloway, whom she met on the stairs. (Rewrite using indirect speech.)
Answer:
She told Mr. Dalloway, whom she met on the stairs, that she had enjoyed herself.

Question 14.
She thanked Mrs. Barnet for helping her.
(Rewrite using ‘because’.)
Answer:
She thanked Mrs. Barnet because she had helped her.

Question 15.
She would never give a thought to clothes again. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
She would never give a thought to clothes again, would she?

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Pick out two words from the extract formed by using prefixes.
Answer:
inadequacy, dissatisfaction

Question 2.
Write the noun forms of:

1. improve
2. suspect
3. attend
4. depress

Answer:

1. improve – improvement
2. suspect – suspicion
3. attend – attendance
4. depress – depression

Question 3.
Write the adjective forms of the following words :

1. fashion
2. style
3. horror
4. thought

Answer:

1. fashion – fashionable
2. style – stylish
3. horror – horrible
4. thought – thoughtless/thoughtful

Question 4.
Write the meanings of:
1. satirical
2. chastised
Answer:
1. satirical – sarcastic
2. chastised – punished

Question 5.
Pick out four infinitives from the extract.
Answer:
to make, to hear, to reassure, to crawl.

Question 6.
Pick out four words ending in ‘ing’ from the extract.
Answer:
trying, crossing, crawling, listening

Question 7.
Write the antonyms of the following words using prefixes:

1. endurable
2. polite
3. sincere
4. real

Answer:

1. endurable × unendurable
2. polite × impolite
3. sincere × insincere
4. real × unreal

Question 8.
Pick out four abstract nouns from the extract.
Answer:
bliss, existence, patience, endurance.

Question 9.
Pick out four adjectives from the extract:
Answer:
stuffy, sordid, charming, miserable.

Question 10.
Write the verb forms of:

1. opinion
2. endurance
3. bulging
4. hot

Answer:

1. opinion – opine
2. endurance – endure
3. bulging – bulge
4. hot-heat

Question 11.
Guess the meanings:
1. suffused
2. wrinkles
Answer:
1. suffused – filled with.
2. wrinkles – folds or creases in the skin.

Question 12.
Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B:

Answer:

1. simpered – smiled in an affectedly coy or silly manner
2. slouched – moved in a lazy, drooping way
3. slinking – moving quietly and stealthily
4. shoved – pushed
5. ruffled – loss of calmness.
6. veneer – superficial appearance

Question 13.
Guess the meanings:
1. scarlet fever
2. self-loathing
Answer:
1. scarlet fever – a bacterial illness; symptoms are a bright red rash that covers most of the body, a sore throat and a high fever.
2. self-loathing – self-hatred.

Question 14.
Write the verb forms of the following :

1. humiliation
2. agony
3. suspicious
4. grudgingly

Answer:

1. humiliation – humiliate
2. agony – agonise
3. suspicious – suspect
4. grudgingly – grudge

Question 15.
Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B, based on the extract:

Answer:

1. domestic – tragedy
2. unsympathetic – twig
3. feeble – creature
4. smallish – house

Question 16.
Pick out two compound words from the extract:
Answer:
backwater, seaside

Question 17.
Find the meaning:
1. crest of a wave
2. by degrees
Answer:
1. crest of a wave – the top of a wave
2. by degrees – gradually

Question 18.
Write two adjectives from the extract for each of the following, and write down which are the present participles from these:

1. moments
2. sky
3. life
4. wife

Answer:

1. moments → divine, delicious
2. sky → blue, smooth
3. life → creeping, crawling
4. wife → fretful, weak

Present participles: creeping, crawling.

Non-Textual Grammar:

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Speechless, she smiled happily and gathered her daughter into her arms.
(Rewrite using the infinitive form of ‘speak’.)
Answer:
Unable to speak, she smiled happily and gathered her daughter into her arms.

Question 2.
He wiped the water off and gently wrapped it in pink paper. (Rewrite as a simple sentence.)
Answer:
Wiping the water off, he gently wrapped it in pink paper.

Question 3.
Dhruv had never received such a gift.
(Rewrite as an affirmative sentence.)
Answer:
It was the first time that Dhruv had received such a gift.

Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

Question 1.
Not only did his speech improve and his expression also became clearer.
Answer:
Not only did his speech improve but his expression also became clearer.

Question 2.
Must you pass me the salt, please?
Answer:
Can you pass me the salt, please?

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Class 12 English Chapter 1.4 Big Data-Big Insights Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.4 Big Data-Big Insights Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.4 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.4 Big Data-Big Insights Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Give business suggestions to the respective industry/company for the following situations. You have received data that –
Answer:
(a) Many passengers prefer morning flights between 7 am and 9 am from Mumbai to Delhi.
Suggestion: Increase the number of flights between 7 am and 9 am.

(b) Many students are opting for UPSC/ MPSC Exams.
Suggestion: Increase the number of examination centres as well as job opportunities.

(c) Many people go for morning walk to Kamla Nehru Park.
Suggestion: Open the gates of the Park earlier and close them only at noon. Also, clean the Park the previous night before closing or very early in the morning. Keep security guards in the mornings to maintain discipline.

(d) Many people buy clothes from miracle.com an online shopping site.
Suggestion: Increase the variety and brands in clothes. Give discounts and incentives to new and regular customers. Start various schemes.

(e) The viewership on television is more between 8 pm and 10 pm.
Suggestion: Telecast serials with the highest TRPs and socially important ads (like eye donation, polio drops, etc.) at this time.

Question 2.
People get information from various sources: Can you name a few?

Answer:
Sources of Information:

1. Facebook
2. Internet
3. WhatsApp
4. Dictionary
5. Encyclopedia

(A1)

Question 1.
YouTube has many videos on various things. Listen to the uses and health benefits of ‘Lemon’ and share them with your friends.

(A2)

(i) Make pointwise notes from the lesson regarding the uses of Big Data in the following application. Do not write complete sentences.

Question (a)
‘Location Tracking’.
Answer:

1. Used by Google Maps and GPS to identify and track location of a place.
2. Geographic positioning, radio frequency identification sensors data about traffic conditions on particular route.
3. Can plan route according to travel time, transportation of the goods.
4. Companies reduce risks in transport improves speed, reliability in delivery.

Question (b)
Health Care Industry.
Answer:
Uses of Big Data:
Various apps, smartwatches, gadgets, etc. collect data about various functions of our body.

1. Data analyzed and feedback provided.
2. Doctors can have a better diagnosis of any ailment effects of any drug.
3. Past data of patients maintained suggestions, solutions for their problems given.
4. Helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics, diseases.

Question (c)
Education Industry.
Answer:

1. Get information about the study patterns of students – can now prepare customized and dynamic learning programmes according to need of individual students.
2. Every student’s comprehension level is different – course material designed to cater to different requirements of the students. One-size-fits-all pitfall avoided.
3. Students’ choices, difficulties, results, etc. are available.
4. Strengths and weaknesses gauged -guidance while choosing career.

Question (ii)
When you are asked for personal details on social media, mention precautions that you will take.
Answer:
When I am asked for personal details on social media, I first try to find out who wants them and why. I never reveal credit/ debit card pin numbers, even if it is a bank asking me. I never give my mobile/adhaar card numbers either. I also keep my social media accounts private and visible only to friends. Only after checking and re-checking do I give any details, for I know that there are many cases of exploitation going on.

Question (iii)
Do you think all the data we receive is used for positive things? If ‘No’, make a list of the negative things which can be done with the help of Big Data.
Answer:
Negative things which can be done with the help of Big Data:

1. Loss of privacy-Big Data has all information about us.
2. Misuse of personal information
3. Leaking of information-this leads to thefts, blackmail, cheating, and so on.
4. Data may fall into wrong hands, and a person may be harassed.
5. Unsolicited calls and emails based on your internet history.

(A3)

Question 1.
Guess the meaning of the following idioms and phrases and use them in sentences of your own. One is done for you.
One-size-fits-all – suitable for or used in all circumstances
The wrist watches have adjustable belts, so one – size – fits – all.

Question (a)
‘Once in a blue moon’:
Answer:
Meaning: very rarely.
Sentence: Our English teacher is very strict and smiles only once in a blue moon.

Question (b)
‘One man army’ :
Answer:
Meaning: A ‘one-man army’ is someone who can do, or thinks he can do, everything by himself and without assistance.

(A4)

Do as directed.

Question (a)
Advertisers are one of the biggest players in Big Data.
1. Begin the sentence with ‘Very few ……………’
2. Use ‘bigger than’ and rewrite the sentence.
Answer:
1. Very few players in Big data are as big as advertisers.
2. Very few players in Big Data are bigger than advertisers.

Question (b)
No other diagnosis is as good as the diagnosis done with the help of Big Data.
1. Use ‘best’ and rewrite the sentence.
2. Use ‘better than’ and rewrite the sentence.
Answer:
1. The diagnosis done with the help of Big data is the best diagnosis.
2. No other diagnosis is better than the diagnosis done with the help of Big Data.

Question (c)
These internet giants provide the greatest data about people.
1. Begin the sentence with ‘No other ……………’
2. Use ‘greater than’ and rewrite the sentence.
Answer:
1. No other networking services provide greater data about people than these internet giants.
2. No other networking services provide greater data about people than these internet giants. OR These internet giants provide greater data about people than any other networking services.

Question (ii)
Read the sentence from the text.
New insights have enabled the banks and finance companies to come up with suitable plans.
Answer:
New insights have enabled either the banks or the finance companies to come up with suitable plans.

Question (a)
New insights have enabled the banks and finance companies to come up with suitable plans. (Rewrite using ‘either … or’.)
Answer:
New insights have enabled either the banks or the finance companies to come up with suitable plans.

Question (b)
Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored and analysed. (Rewrite using ‘either … or’.)
Answer:
Whatever activity we do online is either recorded, monitored or analysed.

Question (c)
Weather sensors and satellites help us to understand the weather and help in weather forecasting. (Rewrite using ‘either … or’.)
Answer:
Weather sensors and satellites help us to either understand the weather or help in weather forecasting.

(A5)

Question (i)
Interview the students of your class regarding the career they would like to pursue and the reason for selecting that particular career. Collect the data and analyse the information you have collected. Answer:
(Sample questions)
Hi, Rohan. I would like to ask you a few questions regarding the career you would like to pursue and the reason for selecting that particular career. Are you ready? Thanks.

1. Which are your favourite subjects?
2. Have you decided on the career you would like to pursue?
3. Why have you selected that particular career?
4. What are the exams you have to pass or the qualifications you must have to pursue this career?
5. What type of work does it involve?
6. What are the job opportunities?
7. Will you have chances of business travel?
8. Is the salary structure good?
9. Is your family happy with your choice?
10. Is this your final choice, or are you still in the process of deciding?

Thanks, Rohan. I have learnt a lot from this interview today. Bye.

Question (ii)
To listen well is as powerful a means of influence as to talk well and is essential to all true conversations.
Form a group and have a group discussion on the topics:
(a) Social Media – Curse or Boon (If used carefully and judiciously, a boon if misused, or people become addicts, then a curse)
(b) Women Empowerment and Equality (very important today-gender equality a must-the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world-however, women must not take advantage of this change-must be judicious in the use of the powers given)
(c) Climate Change (one of the biggest problems of today-must be taken very seriously-must change lifestyles-reduce consumption- recycle-carbon footprint)

(A6)

Question 1.
Find out job opportunities in the following areas and the skills required for them.
(a) Clinical Data Management
(b) Network Operations
(c) Data Processing
(d) Data Operations and Research
(e) Data Entry Operation

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.4 Big Data-Big Insights Additional Important Questions and Answers

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 2.
Complete the following:
Answer:

1. Big Data analytics is used to give insights that were previously incomprehensible.
2. Big Data is so massive that it challenges the current computing technologies.
3. It’s not the amount of data that is important but what the [organizations do with the data is what matters.
4. Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining large and varied data sets or Big Data to uncover information.

Question 3.
Complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 4.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 5.
Write whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. Today, the majority of equity trading takes place via data algorithms.
2. Big Data analytics cannot help in studying the investment patterns of people.
3. Big Data is useful in High-Frequency Trading.
4. Big Data cannot predict possible spikes on servers.

Answer:

1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Agree
4. Disagree

Question 6.
Describe the ways used to create a huge database in sports.
Answer:
A huge data has been created over a period of time from the recording of matches, training sessions and workouts.

Question 7.
The database collected can help a sportsperson. Explain how.
Answer:
The data enables a sportsperson to study his own performance as well as that of the other players worldwide. It also helps in improving individual as well as team performance.

Question 8.
State the use of video analytics.
Answer:
Video analytics help one to see each and every performance minutely.

Question 9.
Name the Internet Giants mentioned in the extract.
Answer:
Facebook, Google, Twitter.

Question 10.
Pick out the False sentences, if any, and correct them:
1. Every student’s level of understanding is the same.
2.Big Data has brought about a big negative change in the education industry.
3. Designing the course material to cater to different requirements of the students is a good idea.
4. Big Data has provided a solution to the ‘one-size-fits-all’ pitfall.
Answer:
False sentences:
1. Every student’s level of understanding is the same.
2. Big Data has brought about a big negative change in the education industry.
Corrected sentences:
1. Every student’s level of understanding is different.
2. Big data has brought about a big positive change in the education industry.

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Complete the following describing the sources of the collection of data:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 2.
Mention the ways to reduce risk in transport.
Answer:
Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place. GPS and Google Maps make use of Big Data. With geographic positioning and radio frequency identification sensors we get the up-to-date data about traffic, congestion on a particular route, information if the route is closed or if it is a one-way route, understanding accident prone areas, etc. Thus, we can plan our own route according to the travel time and the transportation of goods.

If we have ordered something online we can track the location of our goods in transit, we can also track the condition of the goods. All this has immensely helped the logistics companies to reduce risks in transport, improve speed and reliability in delivery.

Question 3.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. Big Data helps to predict and prevent cybercrimes, card fraud detection, archival of audit trails, etc.
2. Banks can predict future attempts of frauds by analyzing the past data of their customers and the data on previous brute force attacks.
3. SEC is using Big Data to monitor financial markets for possible illegal trades and suspicious activities.
4. Big Data algorithms are used to make trading decisions.

Question 4.
List the ways in which sensors help a person.
Answer:
Sensors help a person:

1. to understand the game from close quarters
2. to understand field conditions
3. to understand the weather conditions
4. to understand individual performances

Inference/Interpretation/ Analysis:

Question 1.
Discuss and write how Big data is increasing in volume, variation, velocity, veracity and value.
Answer:
When we like a post on Facebook or share a post on WhatsApp, visit any website, make online purchases, or watch videos, the variety of activity we do online is recorded, monitored and analysed. So a huge amount of data is collected. Data is also collected swiftly from different sources, for example web, sales, customer contact centre, social media, mobile data and so on.

Big Data analytics is used to give insights that were previously incomprehensible. As more and more people use the Internet, social media, make online purchases, use mobile phones, and are generally more active online, Big data is increasing in volume, variation, velocity, veracity and value in leaps and bounds.

Question 2.
Do you think Big Data has improved the quality of life? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Big Data has certainly improved the quality of life. Through various apps, we can maintain our body weight and exercise levels, and remain healthy. Our heart rate, sleep patterns, etc. can be monitored and any changes can be immediately reported to the doctor, who can then prescribe the correct treatment as soon as possible.

Age-related diseases like diabetes and arteriosclerosis can be treated at the early stages. Thus, we can lead healthier and more active lives. Big Data is also being used to. predict and monitor epidemics, thus ensuring that they affect as few people as possible.

Question 3.
Write some ways of the condition of the goods.
Answer:
When we order something online, we are given a tracking number. By logging into the website of the company and entering this tracking number in the given slot, we can find out the location and condition of the goods.

Question 4.
Can we understand the economy of the country by the data on Banking and Finance? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, we can. With the Big Data analytics the study of investment patterns of the people can be done. We can analyse the bank deposits made, the loans taken and the equity trading.

We can find out the business across borders. We can find out how many industries have come up, and what the industrial economy is. From all this information, we understand the economy of the country.

Question 5.
Explain, giving an example, the technique used by Netflix and YouTube to increase viewership.
Answer:
Netflix and YouTube know through Big Data just what a person has viewed and his/her behaviour online. Based on this information, the person will be shown different recommendations. For example, if a person has viewed a couple of horror films from start to end, Netflix will know that the viewer is interested in horror films.

Accordingly, Netflix will recommend a few more horror films. The viewer is pleased with this easy access to his/her favourite genre, and continues to be a customer, thus increasing Netflix revenue.

Question 6.
Discuss a solution provided by Big Data.
Answer:
Through Big Data we have information about the study patterns of students, and we can now prepare customized and dynamic learning programmes according to the need of an individual student.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Industries can be benefited from data. Explain with an example.
Answer:
Industries can benefit from the huge amount of data available. For example, in the tourism industry, through Big Data travel agencies and hotels can identify the times when there are more crowds and hence more demand for a certain tourist spot.

They can accordingly make arrangements for more flights, trains, buses, tours, labour, essential items, etc. Hotels can use big data to compile and analyse information about their main competitors so that they are aware of what other hotels or businesses are offering customers.

Question 2.
Do you have any app on your phone that monitors your health? Describe it in brief.
Answer:
Yes, I have an app that helps me to measure the calories I have eaten and I can thus plan my meals. It also records my weight and tells me whether it has gone up or down. There is a very clear graph too which gives me complete information of the ups and downs in my weight. I have managed to lose a few kilos with the help of this app and feel much healthier now.

Question 3.
Do you use GPS and Google Maps? If so, where and when?
Answer:
I drive a two-wheeler. If I have to go to a new shop/hotel or some other place, I find out the route through GPS and follow this route. I used Google Maps when I went to Goa with my family and wanted to calculate distances and use the best routes.

Question 4.
Do you spend a lot of time on Facebook, Netflix, etc.? Do you think it is addictive?
Answer:
Yes, I do spend a lot of time on Facebook. I have a large number of friends, and hence the news feed is quite a lot. I like to know what my friends are doing, where they have gone, etc. It is addictive, and since I have Facebook on my mobile phone too, I can check it at any time. This is what most of my friends do too. I know it is not good, and I am trying to control screen time. I do not subscribe to Netflix.

Question 5.
Do you think Big Data will help to bring improvements in students? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Yes, Big Data will certainly help to bring improvements in students. Students can learn topics/subj ects. according to their abilities and capacity. They can choose their careers after knowing their strengths and weaknesses, their mental make-up and abilities. Thus, there will be fewer drop-outs, and students will be happy in the careers they have chosen..

Language Study:

Question 1.
Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored and analysed. (Rewrite using ‘as well as’….)
Answer:
Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored, as well as analysed.

Question 2.
The massive data available with us can really work wonders. (Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
The availability of massive data with us can really work wonders.

Question 3.
Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining large and varied data sets or Big Data to uncover information. (Frame a wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer.)
Answer:
What is Big Data analytics?

Question 4.
Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics and diseases. (Rewrite using ‘as well as …’)
Answer:
Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics as well as diseases.

Question 5.
Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics and diseases. (Rewrite using ‘either …or’.)
Answer:
Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of either epidemics or diseases.

Question 6.
Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place. (Rewrite using ‘as well as’.)
Answer:
Big Data has been useful in identifying as well as tracking the exact location of a place.

Question 7.
Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place. (Rewrite using ‘either … or’.)
Answer:
Big Data has been useful in either identifying or tracking the exact location of a place.

Question 8.
Weather sensors and satellites help us to understand the weather and help in weather forecasting. (Rewrite using ‘as well as’.)
Answer:
Weather sensors and satellites help us to understand the weather as well as help in weather forecasting.

Question 9.
Huge amount of data is continuously being I received from them. (Change the voice.)
Answer:
We continuously receive a huge amount of data from them.

Question 10.
Big Data has enabled smooth functioning of these agencies and institutions. (Rewrite as an interrogative question.)
Answer:
Hasn’t Big Data enabled smooth functioning of these agencies and institutions?

Question 11.
Here, Big Data algorithms are used to make trading decisions. (Rewrite using a gerund in place of the underlined word.)
Answer:
Here, Big Data algorithms are used for making trading decisions.

Question 12.
Every student’s comprehension level is different. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
Every student’s comprehension level is different, isn’t it?

Question 13.
This will also help in guiding the student regarding the best career for him. (Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
This will also help in providing guidance to the student regarding the best career for him.

Question 14.
This would, in general, enhance progress of all students. (Rewrite beginning ‘Progress….)
Answer:
Progress of all students, would in general, be enhanced.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
From the extract, find the antonyms of the following words :

1. understandable
2. tiny
3. sales
4. simple

Answer:

1. understandable × incomprehensible
2. tiny × massive (huge)
3. sales × purchase
4. simple × complex

Question 2.
From the words given below, write down the ones that have been formed using prefixes:
industries, increasing, incomprehensible, unknown, examining, uncover, information, innumerable, important
Answer:
incomprehensible, unknown, uncover, innumerable

Question 3.
Find the meanings of:
1. petabytes
2. exabytes
Answer:
1. petabytes – units of information equal to one thousand million 1000 tetrabytes.
2. exabytes – units of information equal to one quintillion 1000 petabytes

Question 4.
Pick out 4 words ending in ‘ing’ from the extract.
Answer:
identifying, tracking, positioning, understanding

Question 5.
Pick out 4 nouns ending in ‘tion’ from the extract.
Answer:
location, identification, congestion, information

Question 6.
Complete the following, giving the meanings.
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
e.g. new insights: insights that are new.

1. health-conscious people: people who are conscious of their health.
2. smartwatches: watches that are smart.
3. heart rate: the rate at which heart beats.
4. blood pressure: the pressure of the blood.
5. necessary precautions: precautions that are necessary.
6. unnecessary guesswork: guesswork that is unnecessary.

Question 7.
Find adjectives from the extract having the following suffixes :
(-able, -ible, -ial, -ious, -al)
Answer:

1. -able – suitable;
2. -ible – possible;
3. -ial – financial, social;
4. -ious – suspicious, previous;
5. -al-natural.

Question 8.
Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B to make collocations found in the extract:
Answer:

Question 9.
Give the adjective forms of the following words:

1. giant
2. interest
3. create
4. behaviour

Answer:

1. giant – gigantic
2. interest – interesting
3. create – creative
4. behaviour – behavioural

Question 10.
Match the words in Box A with the meanings in Box B:
Answer:

1. revenue – earnings
2. gigantic – huge
3. enables – allows
4. embedded – implanted

Question 11.
Make sentences of your own using the following expressions/words :

1. leaps and bounds
2. enhance
3. to make optimum use of

Answer:

1. leaps and bounds: Suman’s progress in studies increased by leaps and bounds after her health improved.
2. enhance: We can enhance our looks by having a pleasant expression on our faces.
3. to make optimum use of: Saurav decided to make optimum use of the Diwali vacation to catch up with his studies.

Oral Work:

Question 1.
Do you think people click consciously on Facebook? Discuss.
Answer:
[Points: in general, most people just press ‘like’ button on friends’ posts, many times not even reading the post-sometimes some only repeat the comment above theirs-some forwards and videos are not even seen-with so many posts and information many times there is no time to read everything]

Non-Textual Grammar

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Her family and their well-being were her highest priority. (Rewrite as an interrogative sentence.)
Answer:
Weren’t her family and their well-being her highest priority?

Question 2.
The shadows were lengthening when Smita arrived at the college. (Identify the clauses.)
Answer:
The shadows were lengthening – Main Clause
when Smita arrived at the college – Subordinate Adverb Clause of Time

Question 3.
He had to find the books and read them before the day ended.
(Rewrite using ‘not only…but also’.)
Answer:
He had not only to find the books but also read them before the day ended.

Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

Question 1.
I was either scared of people’s curious looks nor their awkward questions.
Answer:
I was neither scared of people’s curious looks nor their awkward questions.

Question 2.
He was unable to participate due to a health problems.
Answer:
He was unable to participate due to a health problem.

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Class 12 English Chapter 1.3 The Cop and the Anthem Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.3 The Cop and the Anthem Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.3 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.3 The Cop and the Anthem Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Suppose you have gone to a place where the winter season is very severe. Discuss with your partner the ways in which you would protect yourself in the cold climate. (The answer is given and underlined.)

Answer:

Question 2.
When you see a cop approaching, you feel either ‘relieved’ or ‘scared’. Discuss with your partner and write down the situations when you feel ‘relieved’ or ‘scared’.
Answer:
Relieved:
(a) You are walking alone in a dark street.
(b) There is a fight taking place near you.
(c) A group of rough-looking people are coming towards you on a lonely road.
Scared:
(a) You are riding a bike without a valid driving licence.
(b) You have broken a traffic signal.
(c) You have been involved in a fight.

Question 3.
Discuss some of the motivating things that can change a person’s life :
Answer:
(a) Listening to an inspiring speech
(b) Reading motivating books and biographies of great people
(c) Reading epics and religious books
(d) Observing successful/happy people or watching biopics of their lives.

(A1)

Question (i)
Discuss with your partner and find out the different ways in which Soapy tried ; to get arrested. The first one is given.
Answer:
(a) Tried to enter a luxurious cafe.
(b) Threw a stone and broke a shop window.
(c) Ate heartily at a restaurant and then said he had no money.
(d) Shouted and howled and raved and danced on the sidewalk.
(e) Stole an umbrella.

Question (ii)
Describe the atmosphere when Soapy reached near the Church.
Answer:
(a) A soft light glowed through the violet-stained window.
(b) Sweet music drifted out of the quaint, old church.
(c) There was a full, radiant moon, and few vehicles and pedestrians.
(d) Sparrows twittered sleepily in the eaves.

(A2)

Question (i)
Read the story and match the incidents given in Column A with the consequences given in Column B.

Answer:

1. Soapy tried to enter a cafe – Strong and ready hands of the head waiter turned him around.
2. Soapy broke a glass window – The cop ran after another man.
3. Two waiters pitched Soapy on the callous pavement – He stood up slowly beating the i dust from his clothes.
4. Soapy heard the anthem being played in the Church – Suddenly a wonderful change came in his heart.
5. Cop arrests Soapy for hanging around. – Dream of turning around in life was shattered.

Question (ii)
Give reasons and complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(a) Soapy had confidence in himself because he was shaven, his coat was trim and he had a neat, black bow. The portion of him that showed above the table looked respectable and would raise no doubt in the waiter’s mind.
(b) The head waiter of the luxurious cafe did not allow Soapy to enter because he saw Soapy’s tattered trousers and old, worn out shoes, and knew that Soapy would not have money to pay for a meal.
(c) The cop did not arrest Soapy for breaking the glass window because Soapy was standing calmly and talking to him. The policeman felt that men who smash glass windows do not remain to chat with the police.
(d) The cop did not arrest Soapy for shouting and dancing because it was the time of celebrations for the local college boys. They were generally noisy but harmless, and he had been told by his superiors to let them be.

(iii) Pick out the lines from the text which show that:

Question (a)
Soapy wants to enter the cafe for two reasons.
Answer:
1. A roasted mallard duck, thought Soapy, would be about the thing with a bottle of wine and then some cheese, a cup of coffee and a cigar.
2. The meat would leave him filled and happy for the journey to his winter island.

Question (b)
Soapy was afraid that he won’t be able to enter the prison.
Answer:
It seemed that his route to the coveted island was not to be an easy one. Some other way of entering the limbo must be devised.

Question (c)
Soapy was not caught by the cop for throwing stones at the glass.
Answer:
1. The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue.
2. The policeman saw a man half-way down the block running to catch a car. With drawn club he joined in the pursuit.

Question (d)
Soapy actually did not want the umbrella.
Answer:
He hurled the umbrella angrily into the excavation.

Question (e)
Listening to the anthem, Soapy remembered his good old days.
Answer:
He had known it well in the days when his life contained such things as mothers and roses and ambitions and friends and immaculate thoughts and collars.

Question (iv)
‘He would make a man of himself again’ – The word ‘man’ in the sentence means ……………….. .
Answer:
‘He would make a man of himself again’ – The word ‘man’ in the sentence means a responsible and worthy human being.

Question (v)
Soapy’s earlier life was much different from his present life. Complete the table to show this contrast. One is done for you.

Answer:

Question (vi)
After listening to the sweet and solemn organ notes, Soapy decides to:
Answer:
1. pull himself out of the mire, conquer the evil that had enslaved him and make a man of himself again
2. resurrect his old eager ambitions and pursue them without faltering
3. go into the roaring downtown district and find work

Question (vii)
Write an incident in which you did something wrong and repented for it later. Give reasons.
Answer:
A lady who stayed in my building used to shout at me for playing noisily under her window. One day, she shouted at me as usual from her window and went inside. I suddenly got angry and threw a stone at her window. The stone hit the glass which broke. I heard a loud shout of pain and ran away. I later came to know that she had been badly injured by the shattered glass. I repented for what I had done. Though I did not tell her that I was the culprit, I was very good to her after that.

(A3)

Question (i)
O’Henry has used different words to indicate prison where Soapy wants to reach. Make a list of those words from the extract.
Answer:
the island

Question (ii)
Find out the words used for the ‘degraded state of Soapy’.
Answer:

1. the pit into which he had tumbled
2. the degraded days
3. unworthy desires
4. dead hopes
5. wrecked faculties
6. base motives
7. mire
8. evil that had enslaved him.

Question (iii)
The specific meaning of word ‘anthem’ in the content of the story is:
Answer:
Anthem – a rousing or uplifting song.

(A4)

Question (i)
Convert the following sentences into the negative without changing their meanings:
(a) The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue.
(b) Soapy drifted along, twice unsuccessful.
(c) Soapy stopped his unavailing racket.
(d) The island seemed very far away.
(e) The island seemed an unattainable Arcadia.
Answer:
(a) The policeman did not accept Soapy even as a clue.
(b) Soapy drifted along, twice not successful.
(c) Soapy stopped his racket which was not successful.
(d) The island seemed not at all near.
(e) The island seemed an Arcadia which was not attainable.

Question (ii)
Convert the following sentences into the affirmative without changing their meanings :
(a) Men who smash windows do not remain to chat with the police.
(b) On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no great pretensions.
(c) Why don’t you call a cop?
(d) Noisy; but no harm.
(e) They seemed to regard him as a King who could do no wrong.
Answer:
(a) Men who smash windows refrain from remaining to chat with the police.
(b) On the opposite side of the street was a very ordinary restaurant.
(c) Please call a cop.
(d) Noisy; but harmless.
(e) They seemed to regard him as a King who was always right.

(A5)

Question (i)
‘Forgiveness is often better than punishment’. Write two paragraphs – one for and another against this notion.
Answer:
1. To err is human, to forgive is divine.

We all make mistakes. Nobody is perfect. That is why we are human. However, mistakes should be forgiven if there is sufficient repentance. Forgiveness will make the guilty person feel ashamed of his conduct and he will not repeat it. It is easy to punish but very difficult to forgive someone. It needs a big heart and a lot of kindness. If we punish the guilty person we will only make him more defiant. If punishing someone could have solved the problem, criminals who have been jailed would never have repeated the crime. But this is not found to be so. Just as God forgives us our mistakes, we should forgive others their mistakes too.

2. Punishment is the only answer

Forgiveness may work in certain cases, but there are hardened criminals who will not respond to forgiveness. They will only be stopped by punishment. If a person has murdered another in cold blood, will he improve by forgiveness? Never. He has to be punished severely so that he does not repeat it and society feels safe.

People only fear punishment. It can be easily seen at traffic signals – if there is no policeman to punish you, most people will break the signal. Then there will be chaos. If there is no punishment and no prisons, people will do whatever they want – rob, kill, etc. – and go off freely. No, in a society where it is not possible to expect everyone to have high values, punishment for misdeeds is the only solution.

Question (ii)
You are the class representative and you have been asked by the Principal to conduct an interview of a cop. Frame 8-10 questions with the help of the following points, give introduction and conclusion.

• reasons for joining the department
• special trainings
• developing the skill to identify and locate criminals
• dealing with criminals
• achievements and awards

Answer:
Good morning, Mr. Pawar. Congratulations on your excellent work in finding the bank robbers. May I ask you a few questions about your life? Thank you.

1. When did you join the police department?
2. Which examinations did you have to clear for the post?
3. What were your reasons for joining the department?
4. Did you have to go through any special training sessions?
5. What type of criminals do you come across most in this area-thieves, killers, molesters,
   etc?
6. How do you identify or locate criminals?
7. Once you catch the culprit-say a thief-how do you deal with him?
8. Can you tell me something about your achievements and awards?
9. How can you motivate others to join the force?
10. Any message to college students?

Thank you, Sir, for sparing the time for this interview. It will be published in our school magazine. Good day.

(A6)

Question (i)
Make a list of jobs which would give you an opportunity to help the society or serve the country. Also mention the different ways in which they can be beneficial to the people and also the country,

Question (ii)
Go to your school/college library and read some other stories by O’Henry like, ‘The Gift of the Magi’, ‘The Last Leaf and ‘After Twenty years’. Write the stories in short in your notebook.

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.3 The Cop and the Anthem Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below:

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Name the following:
Answer:

1. This is where Soapy stopped at a luxurious cafe
2. This had been a gift to Soapy: a neat, black bow
3. This is what Soapy wanted to eat: a roasted mallard duck, some cheese a bottle of wine, a cup of coffee
4. This is what Soapy wanted to drink: Soapy’s tattered
5. This is what the head waiter noticed:trousers and old shoes
6. This is where Soapy was left by the head: on the sidewalk

Question 1.
Write if the following sentences are True or False. Correct the False sentences:
1. Soapy broke the glass of the shop window.
2. Nobody heard the breaking of the window.
3. The policeman chased Soapy.
4. Soapy did not run away from the place.
5. The restaurant Soapy entered was an ordinary one.
6. The policeman ate beefsteak, flapjacks, doughnuts and pie.
Answer:
True sentences:
1. Soapy broke the glass of the shop window.
4. Soapy did not run away from the place.
5. The restaurant Soapy entered was an ordinary one.

False sentences:
2. Nobody heard the breaking of the window.
3. The policeman chased Soapy.
6. The policeman ate beefsteak, flapjacks, doughnuts and pie.

Corrected sentences:
1. A policeman as well as some people heard the breaking of the window.
2. The policeman chased a man running to catch a car.
3. Soapy ate beefsteak, flapjacks, doughnuts and pie.

Question 2.
Complete the table:
(The answers is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 3.
Rearrange the following sentences according to their occurrence in the extract:

1. Soapy decided to go into the downtown district and find work.
2. A policeman caught Soapy’s arm.
3. Soapy saw a quaint old church.
4. Soapy’s ears caught sweet music.

Answer:

1. Soapy saw a quaint old church.
2. Soapy’s ears caught sweet music.
3. Soapy decided to go into the downtown district and find work.
4. A policeman caught Soapy’s arm.

Question 4.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. A soft light glowed through one violet-stained window.
2. Soapy came to a standstill on an unusually quiet corner.
3. Soapy stood without moving near the iron fence listening to the anthem that the organist played.
4. Soapy planned to resurrect his old eager ambitions.

Answer the following in a few words each:

Question 1.
Who was lighting a cigar?
Answer:
A well-dressed man

Question 2.
Who twirled his club?
Answer:
A policeman

Question 3.
Who grabbed the umbrella?
Answer:
Soapy

Question 4.
Whom did the policeman help?
Answer:
A tall blonde

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Give reasons and complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
Soapy was disgusted with the policeman because he refused to accept that Soapy had broken the window, and he rushed off to chase another man.

Question 2.
Complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 3.
Describe Soapy’s behaviour on the sidewalk.
Answer:
On the sidewalk Soapy began to yell drunken meaningless things at the top of his harsh voice. He danced, howled, spoke wildly and made a big disturbance.

Question 4.
Describe the wonderful change in Soapy’s soul.
Answer:
After listening to the anthem, Soapy remembers his earlier life, and is horrified to realize that he has indeed become a degraded person. He decides to pull himself out of the pit into which he has fallen and make a man of himself again. He determines to bring back to his life his old eager ambitions and pursue them. He makes up his mind to take up a job.

Question 5.
Describe the end of the story in your own words.
Answer:
Initially Soapy had felt that he would like to pass the winter months in prison, and he makes several efforts to get himself arrested. The notes of anthem transform him from within and he decides to give up his evil ways and become a man again. He resolves to work hard. At that very moment, ironically, a policeman arrests him for loitering and he is sent to prison for three months. Soapy faces the irony of fate as the moment he realizes that real freedom lies in a virtuous life, he is taken into confinement.

Question 6.
Complete the following:
Soapy was angry because ………..
Answer:
Soapy was angry because when he wanted to fall into the clutches of the policemen. In order to be arrested, they seemed to regard him as a king who could do nothing wrong.

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
Soapy took a stone because he wanted to break the glass of the shop window. This would result in a policeman arresting him for this act, and he would be imprisoned for the winter, which was exactly what he wanted.

Discuss the hidden meaning in the expressions/sentences.

Question 1.
It catered to large appetites and modest purses.
Answer:
The restaurant prepared food for ordinary workers who had large appetites but very little money.

Question 2.
He told the waiter the fact that the minutest coin and himself were total strangers.
Answer:
He told the waiter that he did not have any money.

Question 3.
A voice like butter cakes and an eye like the cherry in the Manhattan cocktail.
Answer:
A very smooth voice and a hard, stony eye (a tough person).

Question 4.
Discuss the meaning in the context:
He caught at the immediate straw of ‘disorderly conduct’.
Answer:
Soapy wanted to be arrested by a policeman and imprisoned. However, his efforts towards this end had been unsuccessful, and he was worried that he would continue to be unsuccessful. When he suddenly came upon a policeman lounging in front of a theatre, an idea struck him. He felt that if he shouted and screamed and made a lot of noise, he would be arrested for behaving in a dangerous and disturbing way in public, and would be imprisoned, which was what he wanted.

Question 5.
Complete the following:
(The answer is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
Soapy was angry because even after he had stolen a man’s umbrella, the man did not report him to the police, but instead apologized and said that perhaps he (the umbrella man) had made a mistake.

Question 6.
The umbrella man did not call a policeman. Give reasons for this.
Answer:
The umbrella man had himself probably stolen the umbrella from somewhere. When Soapy picked up the umbrella, the man first thought that he could get it back. But when Soapy spoke about calling a policeman, the man thought that the umbrella was actually Soapy’s, and Soapy would hand him over to the police. Hence, he apologized quickly and walked away without calling a policeman.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Give your opinion about Soapy’s desire to enter prison.
Answer:
I find it very strange that a person can actually want to enter prison, whatever be the reason. At least, from what I know of prisons, they are terrible places, and one has a very difficult time there. However, Soapy has obviously been to prison before, and probably enjoys the free food and protection from the winter that he gets there.

Question 2.
Have you ever bought/eaten something and then found that you did not have enough money to pay for it? Describe your feeling at that time.
Answer:
Yes, it happened to me once. I went to a mall and bought a jacket for myself. I had been looking at a lot of jackets and I got confused with the prices. Finally, when the cashier was making the bill, I found that the jacket I had chosen was very expensive and I did not have enough money to pay for it. I was very embarrassed to tell the cashier this, but I had to. He gave me an angry look.

Question 3.
Have you ever stolen/wanted to steal anything? Narrate in brief.
Answer:
Yes, when I was about 12 years old, I stole my friend’s remote-controlled toy car, which his uncle had sent him from abroad. It was a beautiful car. However, when I was playing with it at home my mother saw me, and she made me return the car. I later felt very ashamed of myself, but fortunately my friend forgave me.

Language Study.

Question 1.
If only he could reach a table in the restaurant unsuspected, success would be his.
(Rewrite using ‘unless’.)
Answer:
Unless he could reach a table in the restaurant unsuspected, success would not be his.

Question 2.
One dollar for the cigar would be enough.
(Add a question tag.)
Answer:
One dollar for the cigar would be enough, wouldn’t it?

Question 3.
Some other way of entering the limbo must be devised.
(Use an infinitive in place of a gerund.)
Answer:
Some other way to enter the limbo must be devised.

Question 4.
He had set his silk umbrella by the door on entering. (Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
He had set his silk umbrella by the door when he entered.

Question 5.
At length Soapy reached one of the avenues to the east. (Rewrite using another adverb phrase with the same meaning as the underlined phrase.)
Answer:
After a long time Soapy reached one of the avenues to the east.

Question 6.
On an unusually quiet corner, Soapy came to a standstill. (Rewrite using ‘that’.)
Answer:
Soapy came to a standstill on a corner that was unusually quiet.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Guess the meaning of the following in the context:
1. winter island
2. eye fell upon
Answer:
1. winter island – prison.
2. eye fell upon – saw or noticed.

Question 2.
O’Henry has used different words to indicate prison, where Soapy wants to reach. Make a list of those words from the extract.
Answer:

1. winter island
2. coveted island
3. limbo

Question 3.
Make sentences using the following words/expressions :
1. eye fell upon
2. strolled
Answer:
1. My eye fell upon the clock, and I sat up with shock.
2. Seema strolled along the beach, enjoying the breeze.

Question 4.
Guess the meaning of:

1. napery
2. betook
3. brass buttons

Answer:

1. napery – table linen.
2. betook – to cause oneself to go.
3. brass buttons – the police.

Question 5.
O’Henry has used different words to indicate prison where Soapy wants to reach. Make a list of those words from the extract:
Answer:
the island

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks with the correct nouns from the extract:

1. friendly
2. electric
3. large
4. callous

Answer:

1. friendly voice
2. electric lights
3. large appetites
4. callous pavement

Question 7.
O’Henry has used different words to indicate prison where Soapy wants to reach. Make a list of those words from the extract.
Answer:
the island, Arcadia

Question 8.
Pick out four verbs in the simple past tense from the extract.
Answer:
danced, howled, raved, disturbed

Question 9.
Match the words in Column A with the meanings in Column B :
Answer:

1. disconsolate – very unhappy
2. sauntered – walked in a relaxed manner
3. raved – spoke wildly
4. rendered – made

Non-Textual Grammar

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Shivani found a small box and dropped her bangles inside.
(Rewrite the sentence, beginning ‘Finding …)
Answer:
Finding a small box, Shivani dropped her bangles inside.

Question 2.
Sunlight from the window made her black hair appear brown. (Rewrite using ‘that’.)
Answer:
Sunlight that came from the window made her black hair appear brown.

Question 3.
On the day the school closed for the summer, no student was more delighted than Rithik.
(Change the degree.)
Answer:
1. On the day the school closed for the summer, Rithik was the most delighted student. – Superlative degree
2. On the day the school closed for the summer, Rithik was more delighted than any other student. – Comparative degree

Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

Question 1.
There is room for much boxes in this cupboard.
Answer:
There is room for many boxes in this cupboard.

Question 2.
If I requires help for him in public places, I was not embarrassed to seek it from people around.
Answer:
If I required help for him in public places, I was not embarrassed to seek it from people around.

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Class 12 English Chapter 1.2 On Saying “Please” Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.2 On Saying “Please” Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.2 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.2 On Saying “Please” Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
List the words of courtesy that we use in our daily life. Discuss them with your partner and explain the purpose of using each.

Answer:

Question 2.
Listed below are a few character traits of people. Some are positive traits, while others are not. Tick [✓] the ones you feel are desirable.

Answer:

Question 3.
Etiquette and manners are very important for a person to live in the society. Read the following and put them in proper columns:

1. To receive phone calls while you are in a lecture or class.
2. To knock before you enter your Principal’s office.
3. To thank the person who offers you tea or coffee.
4. To be polite and courteous to others.
5. To leave the classroom without the teacher’s permission.
6. To occupy the seats reserved for ladies or physically challenged or elderly people on a bus or a train.

Answer:

(A1)

Question (i)
Form groups and explain the following words with examples:
Answer:
1. Humility: being free from pride and arrogance – greatest example our former President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam – remember that ‘pride comes before a fall’ – always realize that there are people better than you are – Socrates said ‘One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing. ’
2. Self-esteem: self-respect; confidence in one’s own worth or abilities – accept oneself as one is – everyone is different and unique – highly positive quality – leads to achievements, success, healthy relationships – can be developed with a little effort.
3. Gratitude: thankfulness for something that you have got – ready to show appreciation for something – towards the Almighty, towards those who have helped you – strengthens relationships with others – creates positivity.
4. Courtesy: means good manners and polite behavior – means being kind and compassionate towards others – should be real, not artificial – creates good impression – one will be liked by all – human quality not present in animals.
5. Generosity: kindness; big-heartedness – the act of being kind, selfless and giving towards others – very positive trait – influences others – when one is generous, one feels good – many religions consider this a great virtue – encourage charity.
6. Sympathy: feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else’s misfortune – leads to stronger relationships – offering condolences when someone dies – helps us to bond with others-makes the other person’s distress less – beautiful emotion – should be developed.
7. Empathy: the ability to understand and share the feelings of another – putting yourself in the shoes of the other person – different from kindness or pity – listen when people talk – see things from the other person’s point of view – makes one a very humane person.

Question (ii)
Have a Group Discussion on the topic ‘The need of soft skills at the workplace’. Use the following points:
Answer:
(a) Written and verbal communication (writing notes, letters, memos, reports, instructions, speeches, presentations, etc.)
(b) Ways of interacting with others (showing courtesy, sympathy, cooperation, empathy, strictness, gratitude, humility, team work, etc.)
(c) Creative abilities (preparing reports, presentations, letters, etc.)
(d) Emotional intelligence (showing understanding, compassion, empathy, team work, motivation, self-awareness, etc.)

(A2)

Question (i)
Read the text and state whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the False statements.
(a) Bitter problems in day-to-day life can be solved by sweet words.
(b) Great wars could have been avoided by a little courtesy.
(c) Observance of etiquette in a normal situation is important but more important is their observance when the situation is adverse.
(d) Words like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ help us in making our passage through life uneasy.
(e) The law permits anybody to use violence, if another person is discourteous.
Answer:
True statements:
(a) Bitter problems in day-to-day life can be solved by sweet words.
(b) Great wars could have been avoided by a little courtesy.
(c) Observance of etiquette in a normal situation is important but more important is their observance when the situation is adverse.

False statements:
(d) Words like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ help us in making our passage through life uneasy.
(e) The law permits anybody to use violence, if ; another person is discourteous.

Corrected statements :
(d) Words like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ help us in making our passage through life easy.
(e) The law does not permit anybody to use violence, if another person is discourteous.

Question (ii)
Select the most appropriate sentences which suggest the theme of the essay.
(a) The essay tells us about courtesy, civility, morality, responsibility and control.
(b) The essay explores the difficulties that can be incurred by an individual when dealing with the public.
(c) One can keep one’s peace of mind without having to lower themselves to the level of the perceived offender.
(d) People with low self-esteem are generally difficult to work with and they look down upon others to get a feeling of superiority.
Answer:
(a) The essay tells us about courtesy, civility, morality, responsibility and control.
(c) One can keep one’s peace of mind without having to lower themselves to the level of the
perceived offender.

(iii)

Question (a)
Find the reasons for the liftman’s uncivilized behaviour.
Answer:
Reasons for the liftman’s uncivilized behaviour when the passenger was rude and ill-mannered towards him:

1. he was acutely hurt by the slur cast by the passenger on his social status
2. the passenger’s discourtesy was a wound to his self-respect
3. he felt insulted by the passenger’s discourtesy.

Question (b)
List the people and their behaviour that made the passenger rude and ill- mannered.

Answer:
The people who made the passenger rude and ill-mannered:
[housemaid] → [cook] → [employer’s wife] → [employer] → [passenger] → [lift-man]

Question (iv)
Good manners are required in our daily life for making our social contacts more cooperative and friendly. Illustrate the behaviour of the polite conductor with different people in various situations.

Answer:

Question (v)
Discuss and Write the impact of good temper and kindliness on society in the light of the good-mannered conductor.
Answer:
The conductor was always cheerful and kind-hearted to everyone in the bus. This spread to his passengers and they too became cheerful and good-humored. They would naturally pass on this feeling after getting off the bus. Thus, in society, if people are good-tempered, cheerful and kind, it will spread to others and they too will start behaving in a similar manner. This will lead to a happy and compassionate society.

Question (vi)
‘A modest calling can be made dignified by good temper and kindly feeling’. Explain the statement with examples.
Answer:
This means that whatever career or job one has, however simple or modest, it can be made more dignified by behaving in a good- tempered and cheerful manner and with kindliness towards the people one comes in contact with. For example, even a simple job like that of a security guard at a mall can be made pleasant and dignified if the guard smiles and says ‘Thank you’ or ‘Good morning’ every time he/she checks a person.

A sweeper’s job can also be made more dignified if he/she just nods and smiles at passers-by or helps them if they are in need.

Question (vii)
The service of the police is necessary for the implementation of law in our society. Do you think you require this service for a good social environment? Discuss and write.
Answer:
No, we cannot have the police monitoring us for social and moral offences. For example, one cannot be punished if one refuses to smile at an acquaintance or say Thank you’. One cannot be punished if one doesn’t hold the door open for the person who is following.

These are good manners, or courtesy, and they have to be taught right from childhood, and they will change in different cultures and different circumstances. Whether a person follows them or not depends on the individual. However, if these little courtesies are followed, life will become much simpler and more pleasant for everyone.

(A3)

Question (a)
Find out the words in Column B which collocate with the words in Column A:

Answer:

Question (b)
Learning collocations is essential for making your English sound fluent and natural. Make the following collocations and use them in your own sentences.

Sentences:
(1) BIG:

1. It was a big mistake to hold a party on a rainy day.
2. “Did you get a big surprise when you saw me?” asked the little girl to her mother.
3. There was a big welcome waiting for the winning team.
4. The hungry beggar prayed that he would get a big meal at the rich man’s home.
5. Writing the difficult exam was no big deal for the intelligent boy.
6. Rohan realized that it would be a big challenge for him to win the match.
7. The discovery of a new element was big news in the scientific community.
8. Losing the beauty contest was a big shock for the arrogant girl.

(2) WELL :

1. The well-dressed man jumped over the puddle carefully.
2. The advice the teacher gave Rita was well-meant, but Rita did not like it.
3. The cook was happy to see the well-stocked cupboard.
4. Little Naina was well-pleased with her birthday gift.

Question (ii)
Sometimes while using a word in a sentence, we have to change its word class. we can make several more words from the root word.
we can make several new words from the root word.
I asked Sumit to ……………. my pencil for me. (sharp).
I asked Sumit to sharpen my pencil for me.

Question 1.
Now read the following sentences and use the words given in the brackets. Change the word class and rewrite the sentences.
(a) Leena was eating a very …………. apple and obviously enjoying it. (crunch)
(b) This picture looks …………… (colour)
(c) I’m afraid that your behaviour is just not ……………. (accept)
(d) I like my elder brother. He is very ……………. (help)
Answer:
(a) Leena was eating a very crunchy apple and obviously enjoying it.
(b) This picture looks colourful.
(c) I’m afraid that your behaviour is just not acceptable.
(d) I like my elder brother. He is very helpful.

Complete the following table. Put a cross if a word class does not exist.

Question (iii)
Write appropriate expressions and words you have to use while facing an interview :
Answer:
(a) May I come in?
(b) May I have a seat?
(c) Thank you.
(d) I’m sorry, but I did not catch what you said.
(5) Please let me know

Question (b)
You are writing a letter of complaint. List the proper expressions that you would like to write.
Answer:

1. I disagree.
2. I’m sorry to say that….
3. I would like to suggest….
4. This was not expected from a company like yours.
5. Please replace the defective piece as soon as possible.

Question (iv)
Distinguish between a legal offence and a moral offence on the basis of the extract.

Answer:

Question (v)
Find out the meaning of the phrase ‘give and take’ and use it in your own sentence.
Answer:
give-and-take – Meaning: exchange of ideas Sentence – The TV stars engaged in an interesting give-and-take which was enjoyed by the audience.

Question (vi)
Complete the table with polite expressions that we must use in our day-to-day life:

Answer:

(A4)

Question (i)
Edit the given paragraph using a/ an/the wherever necessary:
Rakesh is a/an ideal son who remains devoted to his father as he grows professionally to become a/the famous doctor. As his father grows old, he takes care to spend time with his father, bringing him tea in a/the morning and taking him out for a/the walk in an/the evening.
Answer:
Rakesh is an ideal son who remains devoted to his father as he grows professionally to become a famous doctor. As his father grows old, he takes care to spend time with his father, bringing him tea in the morning and taking him out for a walk in the evening.

Question (ii)
Spot the errors in each of the following sentences and correct the incorrect ones:

Question (a)
Radha brought pens and distributed them between her five children.
Answer:
Radha bought pens and distributed them among her five children.

Question (b)
Jayshree and Sujata sat besides each other in complete silence.
Answer:
Jayshree and Sujata sat beside each other in complete silence.

Question (c)
His best friend Vijay was blind within one eye.
Answer:
His best friend Vijay was blind in one eye.

Question (d)
One could dare to encroach on his rights.
Answer:
One could not dare to encroach on his rights.

Question (e)
She was taken with surprise when she saw the famous Taj Mahal.
Answer:
She was taken by surprise when she saw the famous Taj Mahal.

Question (f)
It is not possible to exchange the goods once the sale has been completed.
Answer:
It is not possible to exchange goods once the sale has been completed, (‘the’ is deleted.)

Question (g)
Dr. Sengupta has been trying to master the craft for the last five years.
Answer:
No error in this sentence.

Question (h)
The top-ranking candidates will be appointed in senior jobs in banks.
Answer:
The top-ranking candidates will be appointed | to senior jobs in banks.

Question (i)
She knows very well what is expected from her but she is unable to perform.
Answer:
She knows very well what is expected of her but she is unable to perform.

Question (j)
They will put on a note in this regard for your consideration.
Answer:
They will put up a note in this regard for your consideration.

Question (iii)
Read the following.
Santosh purchased a computer. He read the operating manual and followed the instructions.
(a) He linked the monitor, keyboard and printer.
(b) He plugged in the main cable.
(c) He switched on the monitor at the back.
(d) When the light appeared on the screen, he placed the Day Disk in Drive A.
(e) He pushed in the disk until the button clicked out.
(It took about 30 seconds for the computer to load the program.)
(f) He pressed the Drive button and the disk shot out.
(g) He replaced the Day Disk with the Document Disk.
(h) He pressed function key 7.
Convert these sentences into passive voice by filling in the blanks.

Firstly the monitor, keyboard and printer were linked up. Then the main cable was plugged in. The monitor was switched on at the back. When the light appeared on the screen, the Day Disk was placed in Drive A. The disk was pushed in until the button clicked out. It took the computer 30 seconds to load the program. The drive button was pressed and the disk shot out. The Day Disk was replaced with the Document Disk. Finally, the function key 7 was pressed. The word processor was then ready to use.

(A5)

Question (i)
Write a speech on ‘Courtesy is the light of life’ with the help of the following points.
(a) People have a good impression of you.
(b) You will be acknowledged and appreciated by all.
(c) You will he happier and contented with life.
Answer:
Courtesy is the light of life
Dear friends,

Good morning. You may be surprised with the topic I have chosen for this speech, for today the word ‘Courtesy’ seems to be an old-fashioned word for us. But it is really the light of life. I, Shivam Goswami, would like to say a few words on why I think so.

First of all, what does courtesy mean? It means good manners and polite behaviour. It means being kind and compassionate towards someone. When you are courteous, people have a good impression of you; but that is not the reason for being courteous. Politeness should be real, and not artificial.

A courteous person will be appreciated by all. People will like to spend time with him/her and find pleasure in the person’s company. Someone may ask ‘What is courteous behaviour’? Saying simple words like ‘Please’, ‘Thank you’, ‘Excuse me’ and ‘Sorry’ is courteous behaviour. Helping a person who has fallen is courteous behaviour. Holding the lift door open for someone is courteous behaviour.

When a person is courteous, people are automatically courteous in return. This leads to a more polite and happier society. As I conclude, I would like to ask all of you to do something for a week: Be courteous. Then you will see the returns and realize the truth of what I am saying. Thank you for listening to me so patiently. Bye.

Question (ii)
‘Manners maketh man’ – Expand the idea in your own words with proper examples.
Answer:
Manners maketh man

‘Manners maketh Man’ : so goes a famous saying. In the world of today, people are judged by their manners and conduct. Manners distinguish us from animals, and make us human. A person who is courteous and considerate towards others is said to possess good manners. Such a person is respectful to his superiors, courteous to his equals and sympathetic towards his subordinates. He always shows concern for the well-being and comfort of others. He uses words like ‘Please’, ‘Thank you’ and ‘Sorry’ while talking to others; he helps senior citizens and those in need.

Everyone likes a person who speaks and behaves politely and treats others respectfully. Good manners cost practically nothing but can buy everything. They win us friends and help us influence people. They make the world a happier place to live in by reducing friction and avoiding tension.

When we meet a person for the first time, it is the person’s courtesy which impresses us deeply. Good manners are generally taught by parents at home, and by teachers in school. Manners that are learnt during childhood generally remain with us throughout our lives. They become a part of our personality. Hence, it is desirable that good manners are instilled in children when they are very young, so that they grow up to become courteous, considerate adults.

(A6)

Question (i)
Read A. G. Gardiner’s essay “The Open Window’ and compare its theme with the essay ‘On Saying “Please.”

Question (ii)
‘Nothing clears up my spirits like a fine day’ – Keats. Collect information of the poet Keats and write it in your notebook.

(A7)

Question (i)
Soft skills are required in all walks of life including careers and industries. They are increasingly becoming the essential skills of today’s workforce. Soft skills are an integral part of finding, attracting and retaining clients also. Highly developed presentation skills, networking abilities, and etiquette awareness can help you win new clients and gain more work. The following are considered the most important soft skills.
image

Question (ii)
Following are some of the institutions where you will get the courses related to soft skills.
(a) Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
(b) Indian School of Business Management, Hyderabad
(c) XLRI – Xavier School of Management, Jamshedpur
(d) Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi
Jobs available at –

• Customer service centre
• Management schools
• Hotel industry, etc.

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.2 On Saying “Please” Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below.:

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Read the following sentences and find out True and False sentences. Correct the false sentences:
1. The liftman invited the passenger into the lift.
2. If you knock down a burglar, the law will acquit you.
3. There is no legislation against bad manners.
4. The complainant had to pay a fine.
Answer:
True sentences:
2. If you knock down a burglar, the law will acquit you.
3. There is no legislation against bad manners.

False sentences:
1. The liftman invited the passenger into the lift.
4. The complainant had to pay a fine,

Corrected sentences:
1. The liftman threw the passenger out of the lift.
4. The liftman had to pay a fine.

Question 2.
Explain the penalty, if any, that one has to pay if one is rude or boorish.
Answer:
There is no penalty to pay if one is rude or boorish except the penalty of being called a ill-mannered person.

Question 3.
The behaviour of the people who made the passenger rude and ill-mannered:
Answer:

Question 4.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. The first requirement of civility is that we should acknowledge a service.
2. The Underground Railway Company insists that their employees are civil.
3. The words which make life smooth are ‘please’ and ‘thank you’.
4. The job of a bus conductor is very difficult and sometimes painful.

Question 5.
Tick mark the correct words:
(The answers are marked directly.)
Answer:

1. The author finally found/did not find the money for the ticket.
2. The author thought he had left home with/ without any money.
3. The conductor gave/did not give the author a ticket.
4. The author was pleased/displeased with the conductor.

Question 6.
Complete the web by choosing the correct words from the brackets that describe the conductor: (mean cheerful considerate grumpy patient solicitous impatient polite irritable good-tempered haughty good-natured kind)
Answer:

Question 7.
Complete the following :
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. A modest career can he made dignified by good temper and kindly feeling.
2. The law can only protect us against material) attack.
3. The narrator says he does not want to apologise for praising an unknown bus conductor.
4. A man who is polite may lose material advantage but he always has the spiritual victory.

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Explain what the liftman wanted the passenger to do, and what happened afterwards.
Answer:
The passenger, on entering the lift, said ‘Top’. The liftman wanted him to say ‘Top please’. The passenger refused to do so. The liftman, instead of taking him to the top floor, threw him out of the lift.

Question 2.
Explain the sentence: The pain of a kick on the shins soon passes away but the pain of a wound to our self-respect or our vanity may poison a whole day.
Answer:
This means that if we are physically attacked i and injured, the pain of the wounds will soon heal and be forgotten. But if our self-respect or pride is hurt, it may poison our lives and behaviour for a much longer time.

Question 3.
It is not possible for the law to become the guardian of our private manners. Explain.
Answer:
The area of moral offences is quite vast and no laws or commandments can cover this area. In addition, social civilities, speech and manners are of so many types and the interpretation of these (whether they are good or bad) is so different that no court could administer a law which governed them. Hence, it is not possible for the law to become the guardian of our private manners.

Question 4.
Mention a couple of ways to keep the machine of life oiled and running sweetly.
Answer:
We can keep the machine of life oiled and running sweetly by using courteous words like ‘Please’ and ‘Thank you’ to acknowledge a service.

Question 5.
Complete the following:
(The answer is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
The public owes much to the Underground Railway Company because they insist on a certain standard of civility in their employees, and take care that the standard is observed.

Question 6.
Complete the table:
Answer:

Question 7.
Write the narrator’s opinion about how the liftman should have dealt with the passenger’s uncivility. Give reasons for the same.
Answer:
In the opinion of the writer, the liftman, instead of throwing the passenger out of the lift, should have treated him with elaborate politeness. He would have then had the victory not only over the rude passenger, but also over himself, and that was the spiritual victory that was more important. His revenge would then have been more subtle and effective.

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis :

Question 1.
Name the ‘unpleasant specimen’ mentioned in the extract and describe his behaviour.
Answer:
The ‘unpleasant specimen’ mentioned in the extract is the type of bus conductor who regards his passengers as natural enemies whose chief purpose on the bus is to cheat him, and who can only be kept honest by using a loud voice and an aggressive manner.

Question 2.
Describe the stale old trick, according to the conductor.
Answer:
Pretending that you have forgotten your purse at home, and hence do not have the fare for the ticket is a stale old trick, according to the conductor. (The conductor does not say this the narrator only imagines that he may do so.)

Question 3.
Describe the reactions of the bus conductor.
Answer:
No, the conductor did not think that the narrator was dishonest. He cheerfully accepted what the narrator said without doubting him and offered him a free ticket.

Question 4.
Describe the experience which made the narrator comfortable in the bus.
Answer:
The conductor had trampled on the narrator’s sensitive toe, causing him pain and agony. However, the conductor had then explained matters and apologized so profusely that the narrator forgot his pain and anger. After this experience, the narrator always observed his constant good nature and cheerful behaviour with pleasure and felt comfortable in his presence.

Question 5.
Describe the narrator’s justification of his praise of the conductor.
Answer:
The narrator says that if the famous poet Wordsworth could gain wisdom from a poor leech-gatherer, he sees no reason why ordinary people should not take lessons on conduct from a bus conductor, who shows how a modest job can be made more dignified by behaving in a good-tempered and cheerful manner and with kindliness towards the people one comes in contact with.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Describe a person you have come across who is always polite and helpful. What do you think about him/her?
Answer:
The security guard of our building is always polite and helpful. He will help senior citizens get in and out of their cars or into the lift; he will help any person who has heavy bags. He also replies politely to any question asked by anyone. We all like him very much and often share our chocolates and biscuits with him. We also give him books, stationery and toys for his little child.

Question 2.
Describe a pleasant/unpleasant experience you have had with a bus conductor.
Answer:
This is an experience I had when I was new to Mumbai. I got into a bus and asked the conductor for a ticket to Dadar. The conductor shook his head and told me that I had got into the bus going in the wrong direction. He patiently explained that I would have to get off at the next stop, cross the road, and catch a bus having the same number but going in the opposite direction. He even pointed out the bus stop to me. Though I felt a bit embarrassed, I thanked him for his kindness.

Question 3.
Give your opinion about the conductor’s behaviour.
Answer:
The conductor was really a good and kind human being who saw the best in everyone and believed everyone. He was ready to pay the fare for the narrator’s ticket himself, even though he was not sure whether it would be returned. It is difficult to find such generous and helpful people in the world today, and it leaves a very pleasant feeling in the heart when you do.

Language Study:

Question 1.
The law does not compel me to say ‘Please’.
(Rewrite as an interrogative sentence.)
Answer:
Does the law compel me to say ‘Please’?

Question 2.
It was a question of ‘Please’.
(Add a question tag.)
Answer:
It was a question of ‘Please’, wasn’t it?

Question 3.
It will permit me to retaliate with reasonable violence.
(Pick out the finite and non-finite verbs.)
Answer:
will permit – finite verb;
to retaliate – non-finite verb (infinitive)

Question 4.
The pain of a wound to our self-respect may poison a whole day.
(Pick out the auxiliary and state its function.)
Answer:
may – possibility

Question 5.
For there are few things more catching than bad temper.
(Write the part of speech of the underlined word.)
Answer:
Gerund

Question 6.
Bad manners probably do more to poison the stream of general life than all the crimes in the calendar. (Rewrite in the present perfect tense.)
Answer:
Bad manners have done probably more to poison the stream of general life than all the crimes in the calendar.

Question 7.
There is a social practice much older and much more sacred than any law which enjoins us to be civil.
(Rewrite using ‘not only … but also… ’)
Answer:
There is a social practice not only much older but also much more sacred than any law which enjoins us to be civil.

Question 8.
Most people will have a certain sympathy with him. (Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
Most people will sympathize with him.

Question 9.
Here and there you will meet an unpleasant specimen who regards the passengers as his natural enemies. (Replace the verb in the future tense with a modal auxiliary showing possibility.)
Answer:
Here and there you might meet an unpleasant specimen who regards the passengers as his natural enemies.

Question 10.
I had left home without any money in my pocket. (Pick out the verb and state the tense.)
Answer:
had left-past perfect tense.

Question 11.
I know that stale old trick.
(Rewrite beginning ‘That stale old trick ’.)
Answer:
That stale old trick is known to me.

Question 12.
I said it was very kind of him.
(Identify the clauses.)
Answer:
I said – main clause
it was very kind of him – subordinate noun clause

Question 13.
I began to observe him whenever I boarded his bus. (Pick out the subordinate clause and state the type.)
Answer:
subordinate clause – whenever I boarded his bus; adverb clause of time.

Question 14.
He seemed to have an inexhaustible fund of patience and a gift for making his passengers comfortable. (Rewrite using ‘as well as…’)
Answer:
He seemed to have an inexhaustible fund of patience as well as a gift for making his passengers comfortable.

Question 15.
In lightening their spirits he lightened his own task. (Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
When he lightened their spirits he lightened his own task.

Question 16.
A very modest calling may be dignified by good temper and kindly feeling. (Rewrite as an interrogative sentence.)
Answer:
Can’t a very modest calling be dignified by good temper and kindly feeling?

Question 17.
“I never give the wall to a scoundrel,” said a man who met Chesterfield one day in the street. “I always do,” said Chesterfield, stepping with a bow into the road. (Rewrite using reported speech.)
Answer:
A man who met Chesterfield one day in the street said that he never gave the wall to a scoundrel. Chesterfield, stepping with a bow into the road, replied that he always did.

Question 18.
The polite man may lose the material advantage, but he always has the spiritual victory. (Rewrite beginning ‘Though’)
Answer:
Though the polite man may lose the material advantage, he always has the spiritual victory.

Vocabulary:

Find out the meanings of the following phrases and use them in your own sentences.

Question 1.
knock someone down –
Answer:
Meaning: to hit someone forcefully so that he/she falls down
Sentence: The young boy was so angry with the bully that he knocked him down.

Question 2.
to comply with :
Answer:
Meaning: to obey.
Sentence: We must comply with the laws of the country we live in.

Question 3.
Find out 2 words with prefixes and 2 with suffixes from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. Words with prefixes : discourtesy, uncivil.
2. Words with suffixes : instruction, reasonable.

Question 4.
Complete the following:
Answer:

1. A liftman is a person who is employed to operate a lift.
2. An assailant is a person who attacks another person.
3. A complainant is a person who makes a formal complaint in a law court.
4. A burglar is a person who illegally enters houses and steals things.

Question 5.
Write the meanings of the following words :

1. redress
2. henpecked
3. black eye.

Answer:

1. redress – to set right to remedy.
2. henpecked – being controlled by and frightened of one’s wife.
3. black eye – an area of skin around the eye that has gone dark because it has been hit.

Question 6.
Use the phrase ‘a black eye’ in your own sentence.
Answer:
When I saw my friend with a black eye, I knew that he had been in a fight with someone.

Question 7.
Find out 2 words with suffixes and 2 compound words from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. words with suffixes: vanity, really.
2. Compound words: breakfast, housemaid.

Question 8.
Write the meaning of the following words:

1. endorse
2. verdict
3. resentment
4. calling

Answer:

1. endorse – express support
2. verdict – judgement
3. resentment – anger
4. calling – vocation or profession.

Question 9.
Find out 2 words with suffixes from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
Words with suffixes : sympathy, requirement.

Question 10.
Find out two words with prefixes and two with suffixes from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. Words with prefixes: unfriendliness, inconvenience
2. Words with suffixes: existence, discovery

Question 11.
Pick out four adverbs of manner from the extract.
Answer:
coldly, cheerfully, luckily, easily.

Question 12.
Write the meanings of the followings words:

1. countenance
2. treading
3. assured (someone)
4. benediction
5. uncouth

Answer:

1. countenance – face.’
2. treading – walking on.
3. assured (someone) – made something certain to someone.
4. benediction – a blessing.
5. uncouth – impolite, unrefined.

Question 13.
Find out 2 words with prefixes and 2 with suffixes from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. words with prefixes: inexhaustible, unusually
2. words with suffixes: investment, cheerful

Question 14.
Write the meaning of ‘moral affront’.
Answer:
moral affront: a deliberate offence or insult to one’s dignity or self-respect.

Question 15.
Find out the meaning of the following phrase and use it in your own
sentence: lower than the angels
Answer:
lower than the angels – Meaning : less than perfect
Sentence: The unexpected behaviour of the religious men was somewhat lower than the angels.

Question 16.
Write four words with suffixes from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
agreement, politeness, institution, sweeten.
Note: Students can find more words on their own.

Vocabulary:

A Collocation is a combination of words in a language that often go together. They habitually occur together and hence convey some meaning by association, e.g. early morning, hot dinner, fast train.

Non-Textual Grammar:

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Hearing the sound of music from a side street, Mona had an idea.
(Rewrite as a compound sentence.)
Answer:
Mona heard the sound of music from a side-street and had an idea.

Question 2.
Siddharth could not ask his father for a cricket bat.
(Rewrite using the antonym of ‘able’.)
Answer:
Siddharth was unable to ask his father for a cricket bat.

Question 3.
“I will try,” the lady smiled.
(Rewrite in indirect speech.)
Answer:
The lady smiled and said that she would try.

Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

Question 1.
I picked some of the lovely, tasty fruits and had eaten my fill of them.
Answer:
I had picked some of the lovely, tasty fruits and had eaten my fill of them.

Question 2.
I miss my friends a lots.
Answer:
I miss my friends a lot.

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Class 12 English Chapter 1.1 An Astrologer’s Day Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.1 An Astrologer’s Day Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.1 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.1 An Astrologer’s Day Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Discuss with your partner and complete the table:

Answer:

Question 2.
The scene in a local market of a village/ town/city is very attractive. People with different occupations sell their wares. Discuss with your partner the variety of activities at the local market.
Answer:

1. selling flowers, selling grocery
2. selling garments and cloth
3. selling imitation jewellery and accessories
4. selling snacks and fast food
5. selling steel and earthenwares

Question 3.
In a village/town/city it is quite a common sight to see an astrologer sitting by the roadside with his professional equipment. Discuss with your partner and list the requirements for his trade.
Answer:

1. parrot, cards, etc.
2. turban, beard, dhoti
3. dried leaves with writing on them
4. cloth with mystic signs to spread his cards
5. bead necklace, coins, shells, punchang, etc.

Question 4.
There are certain unreasonable beliefs among people living in our society. Certain common events are linked with superstitions. List such events, discuss the superstitions linked with them and the means of their eradication.
Answer:
Events and superstitions linked with them:

1. A cat crossing your path (something bad will happen)
2. Walking under a ladder (something unfortunate will happen)
3. Wearing black clothes for an auspicious function (will bring bad luck to the hosts)
4. Spilling salt (unlucky for the person)
5. A black crow cawing outside your window (you will be having guests)

Means of eradication: The only means of eradication is through education. Scientific attitude must be developed in society. Religious heads must counsel and guide their followers. The elders in families must also get rid of old beliefs.

A1.

(i) Given below are some descriptions. Discuss them with your partner and find out one word for each of them.

Question (a)
The scientific study of the universe and the objects in it, including stars, planets, nebulae and galaxies:
Answer:
Astronomy

Question (b)
The study of the movements of the planets, Sun, Moon, and Stars in the belief that these movements can have an influence on people’s lives:
Answer:
Astrology

Question (c)
A prediction of what will happen in the future:
Answer:
Prophecy

Question (d)
Scientific discipline that studies mental states and processes and behaviour in humans and other animals:
Answer:
Psychology

Question (ii)
In the story we are told that the Town Hall Park was a remarkable place in many ways for an astrologer to build his business. List the exceptional qualities of the place from this extract.
Answer:
The exceptional qualities of the place were:

1. A surging crowd
2. A variety of trades and occupations, like medicine sellers, sellers of stolen hardware and junk
3. magicians
4. auctioneers of cheap cloth
5. a vociferous vendor of fried groundnuts.

Question (iii)
The astrologer never opened his mouth till the other had spoken for at least ten minutes. Discuss the reasons behind his act.
Answer:
(a) He was good at reading people.
(b) He obtained a lot of information about their lives from their talk.
(c) He could analyse their character and understand their problems.
(d) He could easily frame his statements to their satisfaction.

A2.

Question (i)
The tactics used by the astrologer to earn his wages are:

Answer:

Question (ii)
An astrologer’s appearance helps to create an impression on his clients. Complete the following:
(The answer is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. The turban on his head
2. The sacred ash and vermilion on his forehead
3. dark whiskers covering the face
4. a sparkle in his eye accompanied by an abnormal gleam

1. Read the following sentences and choose the correct one:

Question (a)
The astrologer says that if Nayak does not leave his village again, he would –
(1) return the money
(2) face danger
(3) go back home and stop looking for the man who tried to kill him
(4) not find the killer.
Answer:
(2) face danger

Question (b)
According to the narrator, the astrologer’s success in his profession is primarily due to –
(1) luck
(2) the bargains he drives
(3) his appearance
(4) his understanding of people.
Answer:
(4) his understanding of people

Question (c)
The story suggests that the astrologer’s comments and observations pleased people by –
(1) promising them success and good fortune
(2) proving, as time passes, to have been true
(3) flattering them or supporting their own views
(4) helping them to learn to solve their own problems.
Answer:
(3) flattering them or supporting their own views

Question (d)
Guru Nayak the astrologer because he wants to –
(1) understand the past
(2) find out who the astrologer is
(3) make some money through a bet
(4) get the answer to a specific question.
Answer:
(4) get the answer to a specific question.

Question (e)
Guru Nayak is looking for the man who tried to kill him –
(1) to take revenge
(2) to get an apology
(3) to demand an explanation
(4) to prove that the man was unsuccessful.
Answer:
(1) to take revenge

Question (f)
The astrologer’s remarks make Guru Nayak feel all of the following except –
(1) relieved
(2) suspicious
(3) impressed
(4) disappointed.
Answer:
(2) suspicious

Question (g)
Reactions of the astrologer’s wife to his news suggest that she –
(1) was unaware of his past
(2) has been worried about his safety
(3) has known him since he was young
(4) is concerned about her future with him.
Answer:
(1) was unaware of his past

Question (iv)
Read the following sentences and find out the True and False sentences. Correct the False sentences:
(a) The astrologer gave a correct prediction to the client about his past that he was stabbed, thrown into a well and left for dead
(b) When the astrologer came to know that the man whom he killed is alive he felt that he was relieved of his guilt.
(c) The astrologer tried to back out of the deal and talked about the client’s past.
(d) The astrologer rescued himself from Guru Nayak’s revenge.
(e) The moral of the story is that we must be responsible about what we have done and should not run away from our mistakes.
Answer:
(a) True.
(b) True: When the astrologer came to know that the man whom he killed is alive he felt that he was relieved of his guilt.
(c) False
Corrected sentence. The astrologer struck a bargain with the client and then talked about the client’s past.
(d) True.
(e) False: The moral of the story is that we must be responsible about what we have done and should not run away from our mistakes.
Corrected sentence: The moral is that we should never believe in superstitions.

Question (v)
The astrologer had changed his appearance and his persona when he arrived in the city. Give specific reasons for this.
Answer:
The astrologer thought that he had killed a man after a quarrel. He was afraid that he would be arrested and jailed for this crime. Hence, to avoid detection he changed his appearance and his persona when he arrived in the city.

Question (vi)
‘The darkness load that was inside the astrologer has disappeared’. Through this sentence, explain the significance of the title ‘An Astrologer’s Day’.
OR
(vii) The astrologer feels relieved that Guru is not dead as it relieves a great burden from him. Critically justify the statement and explain it.
Answer:
The astrologer thought that he had killed a man after a quarrel. Hence he had run away from his village, changed his appearance and his persona when he arrived in the city, and become an astrologer. However, he still felt guilty for what he had done. When he came to know that the man he thought he had killed was actually alive, the dark load inside him disappeared, and it made his day, i.e. he felt relieved and happy. This is the significance of the title ‘An Astrologer’s Day’.

Question (viii)
The astrologer wins/gets the sympathy/ criticism of the reader in the end. Express your opinion with the support of the main story.
Answer:
I think I sympathize with the astrologer. He did not try to intentionally kill Guru Nayak; it had happened in the heat of the moment. Of course, he should not have tried to run away but should have accepted responsibility for his crime. However, he is genuinely sorry for what had happened.

His words ‘a great load is gone from me today. I thought I had the blood of a man on my hands all these years’ indicates this. Hence, I sympathize with him and am happy that he can now live in peace.

Question (ix)
Suggest some steps to eradicate superstitions and other ill practices from our society.
Answer:
To eradicate superstitions and other ill practices from our society the first and most important step is education. Schools and colleges must help their students to develop a scientific attitude and think logically and rationally.

Secondly, as people in India tend to listen to their religious heads, all religious heads should send out clear messages to their followers about the eradication of superstitions. And lastly, the older generation should change their opinions and ideas and get rid of silly superstitious beliefs.

Question (x)
In the story, the astrologer has great listening power. Listening helps in developing good relations with people. Express your opinion.
Answer:
Yes, listening helps in developing good relations with people. When we listen, we indicate to the speaker that we care about him/her and are interested in his/her problems/joys. We show that we are ready to help him/her if necessary. We share his/ her ideas. We also realize how we can deal with people successfully by listening to their views.

(A3)

Question (i)
In the story, the astrologer, Guru Nayak and astrologer’s wife reveal their qualities through words and actions. Pick out from the box the words that describe them and write in the appropriate columns:

Answer:

Question 1.
Match the suffixes with the words and make words:

Answer:

Question (iii)
‘An Astrologer’s Day’ has ironic elements where the astrologer pretends to have ‘supernatural knowledge’ that coincidently turns out to be the truth. Find out an example of irony from the extract and write it down:
Find out the examples of irony from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
His eyes sparkled with a sharp abnormal gleam which was really an outcome of a continual searching look for customers, but which his simple clients took to be a prophetic light and felt comforted.
1. He knew no more of what was going to happen to others than he knew what was going to happen to himself the next minute.
2. He was as much a stranger to the stars as were his innocent customers.
3. He said things which pleased and astonished everyone : that was more a matter of study, practice, and shrewd guesswork.

Question (iv)
Find the examples of code-mixing from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. ‘cowrie shells’
2. turban

Question (v)
There are some phrases where the word ‘crown’ is used with different shades of meaning. Use the following phrases to complete the sentences meaningfully. One is done for you.
Crowning achievement, to crown the effect, crown of thorns, crowning glory, to crown it all
Answer:
e.g. To crown the effect, he wound a saffron- coloured turban around his head.
(a) The works of Shakespeare are the crowning glory of English drama.
(b) Amitabh has given us awesome movies throughout five decades. But his crowning achievement is his performance in the movie ‘Black’.
(c) In her pursuit of success, Radha has distanced herself from her family. Her fame has become a real crown of thorns.
(d) They threw a wonderful party for me with costumes, games and to crown it all my favourite kind of ice cream.
(e) Medical science has great inventions, but organ transplantation is definitely a crowning achievement for human beings.

(A4)

Question (i)
Use the word given in the brackets and rewrite the sentence:
(a) The power of his eyes was considerably enhanced. (enhancement)
(b) He had a working analysis of mankind’s troubles, (worked)
(c) He knew what was going to happen to himself the next minute. (happening)
(d) If you find my answers satisfactory, will you give me five rupees? (satisfaction)
(e) He shook his head regretfully. (regret)
(f) It was a bewildering crisscross of light rays, (bewildered)
(g) “I should have been dead if some passer-by had not chanced to peep into the well,” exclaimed the other, overwhelmed by enthusiasm. (enthusiastically)
(h) You tried to kill him. (killing)
(i) I will prepare some nice stuff for her. (preparation)
(j) The other groaned on hearing it. (heard)
Answer:
(a) There was considerable enhancement in the power of his eyes.
(b) He had worked out an analysis of mankind’s troubles.
(c) He knew what could be happening to himself the next minute.
(d) If my answers give you satisfaction, will you give me five rupees?
(e) He shook his head with regret.
(f) He was bewildered by the crisscross of light rays.
(g) “I should have been dead if some passer-by had not chanced to peep into the well,” exclaimed the other enthusiastically.
(h) You tried killing him.
(i) I will make a preparation of some nice stuff for her.
(j) The other groaned when he heard it.

(A5)

Question (i)
Prepare a speech on Science and Superstitions.
Answer:
Science and Superstitions
Respected teacher and my dear friends,

I wish you all a very good morning. Today we are celebrating Science day in our school, and on this occasion I, Rohan Kamte, would like to say a few words about Science and Superstitions.

Science and Superstitions are two opposite ends of a pole. Those who have the scientific attitude and believe in science cannot possibly believe in superstitions. After all, what exactly are superstitions? They are only some tales made up by people for some reason or the other. Let me give you an example. Many years ago, in a house in a village, they were having an auspicious function. A lot of food was being cooked.

A cat and her kitten were moving about here and there in the kitchen. Afraid that the cat would be trampled upon or may fall into one of the open fires, the mistress of the house ordered the servant to put the cat and its kitten under a basket, and to do so every time there was a function in the house. This became a ‘superstition’ and in some houses, people actually brought a cat into the house and put it under a basket whenever they had a function!

This is what superstitions are all about. The superstition of bad luck if you walk under a ladder too has its reasons. The ladder could fold up and injure a person walking beneath it, or something could fall on the person’s head.

So friends, I request you: In this age of Science, do not believe in silly superstitions. Keep your minds open. Be rational and logical. Analyse things. Believe something only if it has the backing of Science. Thank you.

(ii) Read the following proverbs. Share you views and expand the ideas.

Question (a)
Actions speak louder than words.
Answer:
Actions speak louder than words

Today a lot of importance is being given to the way we speak and what we speak. But we have to remember that ultimately it is not words but actions that are important. Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of our Nation, did not give any grand speeches. However, by his actions he saw that India gained her freedom. Our soldiers do not give long lectures on patriotism they merely act to defend the country. What would have happened if they had only spoken but not acted?

This very well-known proverb is very apt when it comes to parent-child interaction. It has been seen that children observe the actions of their parents and imitate them not their words. In the animal kingdom too, the actions of the parent are of paramount importance. During elections, politicians make loud speeches but later on do not work. It is because of this behaviour that they lose the trust of the people. Thus, we must act with responsibility, always remembering that people observe our actions and are not swayed by our words.

Question (b)
The face is the index of the mind.
Answer:
[Points: facial expressions and eyes indicate one’s thoughts – this is. non-verbal communication – that is why we smile when happy and frown when sad – however, smart people can hide their feelings so that face does not show them – so one has to be careful while reading faces]

Question (c)
Speech is silver and silence is golden.
Answer:
[Points: we speak – we give others information or reveal our thoughts – others speak, we get information – sometimes we speak hastily and hurt others – create problems – remain silent and think – can find solutions – many leaders speak hastily – create international problems – better to be silent and let one’s actions speak]

Question (d)
Argument is the worst kind of communication.
Answer:
[Points: arguments – people get angry – angry words and raised voices – hurt people – confusion – relationships spoilt – instead talk softly and allow others to talk – accept that others can think in a different way – ‘a man convinced against his will is of the same opinion still’]

Question (e)
Attitudes are the real figures of speech.
Answer:
[Points: quote by Edwin H Friedman – in communication, more than the verbal message, the non-verbal message important – your attitude and behaviour have more impact than your words – for example, if you say ‘sorry’ in a harsh tone without any apology on your face – the word has no meaning – hence body language and attitude are very important)

Question (f)
The wise man has long ears and a short tongue
Answer:
[Points: better to listen than to speak – wise people listen more and speak only when they have something important to say – speech is silver and silerwe is golden – in any situation it is better to remain silent and evaluate situation – empty vessels make the most noise]

(A6)

Question (i)
Bill Naughton has written a collection of wonderful stories which you can read in his book ‘The Goal Keeper’s Revenge and Other Stories’. Read all the stories and discuss their themes with your partner.

Question (ii)
Read R.K. Narayan’s humorous collections of short stories and novels. Here are some titles you can read.
(a) ‘Under The Banyan Tree’
(b) ‘The Doctor’s Word’
(c) ‘LawleyRoad’
(d) ‘A Horse and Two Goats’
(e) ‘Gateman’s Gift’

(A7)

Question 1.
Surf the internet and find out the career opportunities in Astronomy.

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.1 An Astrologer’s Day Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below:

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
List the fancy names the vendor of fried groundnuts gave his wares.
Answer:
The fancy names the vendor of fried groundnuts gave his wares are:

1. ‘Bombay Ice Cream’
2. ‘Delhi Almond’
3. ‘Raja’s Delicacy’, etc.

Question 2.
Complete the following:
(The answer is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
If the astrologer had stayed in the village, he would have carried on the work of his forefathers-namely, tilling the land, living, marrying and growing old in his cornfield and ancestral home.

Question 3.
The Town Hall Park was a remarkable place in many ways for an astrologer to build his business. List the exceptional qualities of the place from the extract.
Answer:
The exceptional qualities of the place were:

1. lack of municipal lighting
2. flare from the groundnut heap
3. hissing gaslights, some with naked flares, and cycle lamps
4. bewildering criss-cross of light rays and moving shadows

Question 4.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
The signal for the astrologer to leave was when the nuts vendor blew out his flare and rose to go home.
The astrologer spoke only when his client had spoken for at least ten minutes.

Question 5.
Rearrange the following sentences in the order of their occurrence in the extract:

1. “I will speak to you tomorrow.”
2. “Oh, stop that,” the other said.
3. “There is a woman ”
4. “Or will you give me eight annas?”

Answer:

1. “Oh, stop that,” the other said.
2. “Or will you give me eight annas?”
3. “I will speak to you tomorrow.”
4. “There is a woman ………..”

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
(The answer is given directly and underlined.) The tactics used by the astrologer to earn his wages are:
Answer:

Question 2.
Describe how the astrologer had left the village.
Answer:
The astrologer had left the village without any previous thought or plan. He had left home without telling anyone. He did not rest till he left behind his village a couple of miles.

Question 3.
The astrologer could understand the problem in five minutes. Give reasons from the extract.
Answer:
The astrologer had a working analysis of mankind’s troubles like marriage, money and the tangle of human ties. Long practice had sharpened the way he perceived things, and thus he could understand the problem in five minutes.

Question 4.
Complete the following :
(The answer is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 5.
Complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 6.
Complete the following with what had happened to Guru Nayak’s enemy, according to the astrologer. According to the astrologer ………….. .
Answer:
According to the astrologer, Guru Nayak’s enemy had died. He had been crushed by a lorry.

Question 7.
Describe the load on the astrologer’s mind.
Answer:
The astrologer thought that he had killed a man after a quarrel. He felt intensely guilty about this, and had run away from his village. This feeling of guilt was the load on his mind.

Question 8.
Was the astrologer’s wife happy with his day’s earnings? What did she plan to do with it?
Answer:
Yes, the astrologer’s wife was overjoyed with his day’s earnings. She planned to buy some jaggery and coconut and make some sweets for their daughter.

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis:

Question 1.
The presence of the groundnut vendor is beneficial to the astrologer. Justify.
Answer:
The vendor of fried groundnuts gave his wares fancy names like ‘Bombay Ice Cream’, ‘Delhi Almond’, ‘Raja’s Delicacy’ and so on. People were amused and attracted by this and flocked to him to buy groundnuts. As the astrologer was seated right next to him, the groundnut vendor’s customers dallied near the astrologer and were probably tempted to consult him.

Question 2.
Pick out the lines that tell you that the astrologer did not have any real knowledge of astrology.
Answer:

1. He had not in the least intended to be an astrologer when he began life.
2. He knew no more of what was going to happen to others than he knew what was going to happen to himself the next minute.
3. He was as much a stranger to the stars as were his innocent customers.
4. It was a bewildering crisscross of light rays and moving shadows. This suited the astrologer very well.

Question 3.
The astrologer could tell the person/client about his life. Describe the method he used.
Answer:
The astrologer would listen to his client talk for about ten minutes. He would thus get all the information about his life from him, and then cleverly pose questions which made it appear that he actually knew about the person’s life.

Question 4.
‘Our friend felt piqued.’ Name the friend and give reasons for him feeling ‘piqued’.
Answer:
‘Our friend’ is the astrologer. He felt piqued because the man cut short his words rudely and told him to tell him something worthwhile. The astrologer was used to people listening eagerly and respectfully to whatever he had to say, and the behaviour of the man showed that he did not value the usual smooth talk. That is why the astrologer felt piqued.

Question 5.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
1. The man was left for dead because he had been pushed into a well in a field. Nobody normally looked into the well, and he would have died had there not been a passer-by who chanced to peep into the well.
2. The man looked gratified because his enemy had met his death by being crushed under a lorry. Guru Nayak felt that the man deserved such a terrible fate for what he had done to him.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you like to hear predictions about your future? Give reasons.
Answer:
No, I do not like to hear predictions about my future. I do not believe that any person can foretell what is going to happen in someone’s life. Astrology is just a way of making money from gullible people. I believe that one must work hard and be a good human being if one wants to be successful in life.

Question 2.
Do you think that astrology is an art and can be studied? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes, astrology is an art. There are various methods of predicting the future, like palm-reading, reading the pulse, reading the horoscope, etc. These methods can be studied, or the knowledge can be inherited from one’s ancestors. However, the astrologer must have intuition and talent for this art.

Question 3.
Explain with examples your reactions when someone challenges you.
Answer:
If the challenge is worthwhile, I take it up. For example, my friend Rohan challenged me to a bicycle race to the top of a nearby hill. I took it up as it was interesting, and I knew I could do it.

However, when my friend Soham challenged me to jump from the first floor of our building, I refused the challenge, as I knew it was dangerous and I was likely to break some bones. Though Soham scoffed at me, and said that he had already done it, I did not let his ridicule bother me.

Language Study:

Question 1.
The power of his eyes was considerably enhanced by their position.
(Rewrite beginning ‘The position …………’)
Answer:
The position of his eyes considerably enhanced their power.

Question 2.
This colour scheme never failed.
(Rewrite as an affirmative sentence.)
Answer:
This colour scheme was always successful.

Question 3.
He had left his village without any previous thought or plan. (Rewrite using neither … nor …’)
Answer:
He had left his village with neither any previous thought nor plan.

Question 4.
One or two had hissing gaslights. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined word.)
Answer:
hissing – adjective (present participle used as an adjective)

Question 5.
He never opened his mouth till the other had spoken for at least ten minutes.
(Rewrite using ‘only’.)
Answer:
He opened his mouth only after the other had spoken for at least ten minutes.

Question 6.
He looked up and saw a man standing before him. (Rewrite as a simple sentence.)
Answer:
Looking up, he saw a man standing before him.

Question 7.
If I prove you are bluffing, you must return that anna to me with interest. (Pick out the clauses and state their type.)
Answer:
you must return that anna to me with interest-main clause
If I prove you are bluffing-adverb clause of condition

Question 8.
“Tell me something worthwhile.” (Identify the type of sentence.)
Answer:
Imperative sentence.

Question 9.
Never travel southward again, and you will live to be a hundred. (Rewrite using ‘only if)
Answer:
You will live to be a hundred only if you never travel southward again.

Question 10.
He flung the coins at her and said “Count them. One man gave all that.” (Rewrite in reported speech.)
Answer:
He flung the coins at her and instructed her to count them. He added that one man had given all of it.

Question 11.
I will prepare some nice stuff for her. (Rewrite using the past perfect tense of the verb.)
Answer:
I had prepared some nice stuff for her.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Match the suffixes with the words and make words:
Answer:

Question 2.
Pick out two words from the extract that indicate sound.
Answer:
crackled, hissing

Question 3.
Guess the meaning of ‘pies’
Answer:
pies – is the plural form of pie which is a former bronze coin of India, the 12th part of an anna.

Question 4.
Find an example of code mixing from the extract and write it down.
Answer:
pies

Question 5.
Find out the examples of irony from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. When he told the person before him, gazing at his palm, “In many ways you are not getting the fullest results for your efforts,” nine out of ten were disposed to agree with him.
2. “Most of your troubles are due to your nature. How can you be otherwise with Saturn where he is? You have an impetuous nature and a rough exterior.” This endeared him to their hearts immediately, for even the mildest of us loves to think that he has a forbidding exterior.

Question 6.
Guess the meaning of the words:

1. tilting
2. bluffing
3. glimpse

Answer:

1. tilting – to move into a sloping position.
2. bluffing – deceiving, lying
3. glimpse – to see someone or something for a very short time

Question 7.
Find examples of code mixing from the extract and write them down.
Answer:

1. anna
2. rupee
3. cheroot
4. jutka

Question 8.
Guess the meaning of the words:

1. passer-by
2. peep
3. overwhelmed
4. groaned

Answer:

1. passer-by – a person who happens to be going past something or someone, especially on foot.
2. peep – to peer into something cautiously
3. overwhelmed – overcome
4. groaned – made a low sound of distress.

Question 9.
Find examples of code mixing from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. annas
2. pyol

Question 10.
Find from the extract the antonyms of the following words:

1. light
2. noise
3. few
4. dead

Answer:

1. light × darkness
2. noise × silence
3. few × many
4. dead × alive

Non-Textual Grammar:

1. Do as directed:

Question 1.
A stone struck the man on the head.
(Rewrite using the passive voice.)
Answer:
The man was struck on the head by a stone.

Question 2.
You will not recover. Refrain from smoking.
(Rewrite using ‘unless’.)
Answer:
You will not recover unless you refrain from smoking.

Question 3.
He is certainly taller than his brother.
(Rewrite in the positive degree.)
Answer:
His brother is certainly not as tall as he is.

Spot the error in the following sentences:

Question 1.
His mouth watered when he saw a bouquet of grapes.
Answer:
His mouth watered when he saw a bunch of grapes.

Question 2.
They left their luggages at the railway station.
Answer:
They left their luggage at the railway station.

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Book Keeping & Accountancy Solutions Chapter 10 Computer in Accounting Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Book Keeping & Accountancy Solutions Chapter 10 Computer in Accounting

1. Objective questions:

A. Select the most appropriate alternatives from those given below and rewrite the statements.

Question 1.
The primary document for recording all financial transactions in Tally is the ______________
(a) Journal
(b) Trial sheet
(c) Voucher
(d) File
Answer:
(c) Voucher

Question 2.
______________ displays the balance day-wise for a selected voucher type.
(a) Record book
(b) Ledger book
(c) Journal book
(d) Daybook
Answer:
(d) Daybook

Question 3.
Fixed Deposit A/c comes under ______________ group.
(a) Investments
(b) Current liability
(c) Bank A/c
(d) Current asset
Answer:
(a) Investments

B. Give the word term or phrase which can substitute each of the following statements:

Question 1.
The details of Bills receivable are maintained in this record.
Answer:
Sundry Debtors

Question 2.
Tally software is classified into this category.
Answer:
Mercantile

Question 3.
The short key is used to save or accept the information.
Answer:
Ctrl + A

Question 4.
It is a damaged software, cracked, nearly fully functional.
Answer:
Pirated Software

Question 5.
The process by which all the calculations are automatically done by the accounting software.
Answer:
Automation

C. State whether the following statements are true or false with reason:

Question 1.
Alt + D is the short key for delete voucher entries.
Answer:
This statement is True.
To delete voucher entries, people use the Alt + D key.

Question 2.
In Tally, the F6 Function key is for the payment vouchers.
Answer:
This statement is False.
In Tally, the F6 Function key is useful for receipt vouchers.

Question 3.
Legal software is fully functional software without any restriction.
Answer:
This statement is True.
The base of the legal software is fully functional, safe, and legal, so one can use this kind of software without any hesitation and restriction.

Question 4.
Salary Account comes under Indirect expenses.
Answer:
This statement is True.
When the expenses are made for the purchase of goods, and for the manufacturing process, they are known as a direct expense. Salary does not fall in that category and so it comes under the indirect expense category.

Question 5.
Accounting software may not be customized to meet the special requirement of the user.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Customized Accounting software is prepared to meet the special requirement of the user which is not readily available in the market.

D. Answer in One Sentences:

Question 1.
What is CAS?
Answer:
CAS means Computerized Accounting System which helps business firms to implement accounting processes and makes it user friendly with automation.

Question 2.
Write the steps to create a ledger account in tally.
Answer:
Steps to create a ledger account in the tally are as follows:

• From Gateway of Tally Screen, click on accounts info.
• Path gateway to Tally – Accounts Info – Ledgers – Single ledger – Choses create.

Question 3.
How to view reports in Tally?
Answer:
For viewing accounting reports in accounting software to click on the report option and select the Display option.

Question 4.
State the various types of vouchers.
Answer:
Following are the various voucher types:

1. F4 Contra voucher – For cash deposited in the bank and cash withdrawn from the bank, Transfer from one cash A/c to another Cash A/c and Bank to Bank transfer.
2. F5 Payment voucher – For all types of payments are recorded through this voucher type (Cash and Bank) Cash or Bank.
3. F6 Receipt voucher – For Cash and Bank receipts
4. F7 Journal voucher – For non-cash transactions
5. F8 Sales voucher – For cash as well as credit sales
6. F9 Purchase voucher – For cash as well as a credit purchase

Question 5.
Write the steps to create a company.
Answer:
Following are the steps to create a company:

1. After entering into Accounting software Tally, double click on the option, create a company, under company information. Then follow the navigation path.
   Gateway of Tally > Company Info > Create Company
2. Fill in the detailed information in the company creation form, displayed on the screen – Company creation window.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Book Keeping & Accountancy Solutions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership (Retirement of Partner) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Book Keeping & Accountancy Solutions Chapter 4 Reconstitution of Partnership (Retirement of Partner)

A. Select the most appropriate alternatives from those given below and rewrite the sentence.

Question 1.
The profit or loss from revaluation on retirement of partner is shared by ______________
(a) the remaining partners
(b) all the partners
(c) only retiring partner
(d) bank
Answer:
(b) all the partners

Question 2.
Descrease in the value of assets should be ______________ to Profit and Loss Adjustment Account.
(a) debited
(b) credited
(c) added
(d) equal
Answer:
(a) debited

Question 3.
The balance of the capital account of retired partner is transferred to his ______________ account if it is not paid.
(a) loan
(b) personal
(c) current
(d) son’s
Answer:
(a) loan

Question 4.
Gain ratio = ______________ Ratio less Old Ratio.
(a) New
(b) Equal
(c) Capital
(d) Sacrifice
Answer:
(a) New

Question 5.
New Ratio = Old Ratio + ______________ Ratio.
(a) Gain
(b) Capital
(c) Sacrifice
(d) Current
Answer:
(a) Gain

Question 6.
Apte, Bhate and Chitale are sharing 1/2, 3/10, and 1/5 if Apte retire their new ratio will be ______________
(a) 5 : 2
(b) 3 : 2
(c) 5 : 3
(d) 2 : 5
Answer:
(b) 3 : 2

B. Write the word, term, phrase, which can substitute each of the following statement.

Question 1.
Credit balance of Profit and Loss Adjustment Account.
Answer:
Profit on Revaluation Accounts

Question 2.
The ratio in which the continuing partners are benefited due to retirement of partner.
Answer:
Gain Ratio

Question 3.
Debit balance of Revaluation Account.
Answer:
Loss on Revaluation

Question 4.
The ratio which is obtained by deducting Old Ratio from New Ratio.
Answer:
Gain Ratio

Question 5.
Money value of business reputation earned by the firm over a number of years.
Answer:
Goodwill

Question 6.
Partner’s Account where Loss or Profit on revaluation is transferred.
Answer:
Capital/Current Account

C. State whether the following statement are true or false with reasons.

Question 1.
Gain ratio means New ratio minus Old ratio.
Answer:
This statement is True.
As per definition, profit sharing ratio which is acquired by the continuing partners from the retiring partner is called gain ratio. If gain ratio added to old ratio we will get New ratio. It means New ratio = Old ratio + Gain ratio by interchanging the terms, we will get Gain ratio = New ratio – Old ratio.

Question 2.
Retiring partner’s share in profit up to the date of his retirement will be debited to Profit and Loss Suspense Account.
Answer:
This statement is True.
If a partner retires from the firm during the accounting year, the profit or loss for the period from the date of last balance sheet to the date of retirement is calculated on the basis of last year’s profit or average profit and it is credited to retiring partner’s capital A/c and for time being it debited to new account called Profit and Loss Expense A/c. This is because final accounts cannot be prepared on any date during the accounting year.

Question 3.
On retirement of a partner, sacrifice ratio is considered.
Answer:
This statement is False.
On retirement of a partner, his share is acquired by continuing partners in certain proportion and it is nothing but gain for them. Therefore, on retirement of a partner instead of sacrifice ratio gain ratio is considered.

Question 4.
Retiring partner is called an outgoing partner.
Answer:
This statement is True.
When a person retires from the firm due to health issues, financial issues or personal reasons then it is known as person retires from the business and for the business, he is an outgoing partner.

Question 5.
On retirement of a partner, remaining partner will share the goodwill in their profit sharing ratio.
Answer:
This statement is False.
On retirement of a partner, after giving retiring, partner’s share in goodwill and if goodwill is written off, then remaining partners will adjust the goodwill in their new profit sharing ratio. (If raised to full extent and written off)

Question 6.
Retiring partner is not entitled to share in general reserve and accumulated profit.
Answer:
This statement is False.
General reserve and accumulated profit are created out of past undistributed profit, such profits are the outcome of hard work of all the partners including retiring partner. Hence, retiring partner’s has right to share general reserve and accumulated profit. He is therefore, entitled to get share in general reserve and accumlated profit.

D. Fill in the blanks and rewrite the following sentence:

Question 1.
New Ratio (less) ______________ = Gain ratio.
Answer:
Old ratio

Question 2.
Retiring partner’s share of goodwill is ______________ to remaining Partner’s Capital Account.
Answer:
debited

Question 3.
Revaluation A/c is also known as ______________ Account.
Answer:
Profit and Loss Adjustment

Question 4.
On retirement, the balance at a Current Account of a partner is transferred to his ______________ Account.
Answer:
Capital

Question 5.
A proportion in which the continuing partners get the share of retiring partner is known as ______________ Ratio.
Answer:
Gain

E. Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What is meant by Retirement of a Partner?
Answer:
Retirement of a partner refers to a process in which a partner leaves the firm or severes his relations with other partners on account of his old age, continued ill health, loss of interest in the firm, misunderstanding amongst the partners, etc.

Question 2.
What is Benefit Ratio?
Answer:
Profit sharing ratio which is acquired by the continuing partners on account of retirement or death of a partner is called Benefit Ratio or Gain Ratio.

Question 3.
What is New Ratio?
Answer:
The ratio in which profits or losses are shared by the continuing partners after retirement of a partner is called New Profit Sharing Ratio.

Question 4.
How is the amount due to the retiring partner settled?
Answer:
The amount due to a retiring partner is settled as per the terms of partnership agreement or otherwise mutually agreed upon either in lumpsum or in instalments.

Question 5.
How is Gain Ratio calculated?
Answer:
Gain ratio is calculated at the time of retirement of a partner by deducting old ratio from new ratio.

Question 6.
Why is retiring partner’s capital account credited with goodwill?
Answer:
Goodwill is an intangible assets or benefits accrued to the firm and its benefits are transferred to retiring partner’s Capital A/c by giving credit.

Practical Problems

Question 1.
The Balance Sheet of Mr Mama, Kaka and Mr Baba who shared profits and losses as 4 : 3 : 3 respectively.
Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2018

Kaka retires on 1st April, 2018 on the following terms.
1. The share of Kaka in Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 2,700.
2. Furniture to be depreciated by 10% and Motor car by 12.5%.
3. Live Stock to be appreciated by 10% and Plant by 20%.
4. A provision of ₹ 2,000 to be made for a claim of compensation.
5. R.D.D. is no longer necessary.
6. The amount payable to Kaka should be transferred to his Loan A/c.
Prepare Profit and Loss Adjustment A/c, Partners’ Capital A/cs and Balance Sheet of the new firm.
Solution:
In the books of Partnership Firm

Balance Sheet as on 1st April, 2018


Working Notes:
1. R.D.D. is no longer require means it is a gain for firm.
2. A provision of ₹ 2,000 to be made for a claim of compensation, ₹ 2,000 is recorded on debit side of Profit and Loss Adjustments A/c and then on liability side of Balance Sheet.
3. Total payable amount to Kaka ₹ 20,175 is recorded as Kaka’s Loan A/c.

Question 2.
The Balance Sheet of Ram, Shyam and Ghanshyam sharing profits and losses in 3 : 2 : 1 respectively and their position on 31-3-19 were as follows:
Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2019

Ghanshyam retired on 1st April, 2019 on the following terms:
1. Building and Investment to be appreciated by 5% and 10% respectively.
2. Provision for Doubtful Debts to be created at 5% on Debtors.
3. The provision of ₹ 3,000 be made in respect of Outstanding Salary.
4. Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 90,000 and partners decide that goodwill should be written back.
5. The amount payable to the retiring partner be transferred to his Loan A/c.
Prepare: Profit and Loss Adjustment A/c, Partners’ Capital A/c, Balance Sheet of new firm.
Solution:
In the books of Partnership Firm


Balance Sheet as on 1st April, 2019

Working Notes:
1. Provision of ₹ 3,000 for outstanding salary is recorded on debit side of Profit and Loss Adjustment A/c and then on the Liability side of Balance Sheet.
2. Goodwill of the firm is valued at ₹ 90,000 and share of retiring partner in it is ₹ 15,000 (\(\frac{1}{6}\)th part) and it is to be written back means it is to be shared by remaining partners in their profit-loss ratio.

Question 3.
The Balance Sheet of the Anu, Renu and Dinu is as follows, and the partners are sharing profits and losses in the proportion of 2 : 2 : 1 respectively.
Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2019

Dinu retires from the firms on 1st April, 2019 on the following terms:
1. The assets are to be revalued as : freehold property ₹ 30,000, Machinery ₹ 5,000, Furniture ₹ 12,000, All debtors are good.
2. Goodwill of the firm be valued at thrice the average profit for preceding five years. Profits of the firm for the year.
2014-15 – ₹ 14,500
2015-16 – ₹ 10,500
2016-17 – ₹ 10,000
2017-18 – ₹ 16,000
2018-19 – ₹ 10,000
3. Dinu should be paid ₹ 3,000 by cheque.
4. The Balance of Dinu’s Capital A/c should be kept in the business as loan.
Prepare: Profit and Loss Adjustment A/c, Capital Accounts of Partners, Balance Sheet of the new firm.
Solution:
In the books of Partnership Firm

Balance Sheet as on 1st April 2019

Working Notes:
1. Average profit = \(\frac{\text { Total Profit }}{\text { No. of years }}\)
= \(\frac{1000+10,500+10,000+16,000+10,000}{5}\)
= \(\frac{47,500}{5}\)
= ₹ 9,500
Goodwill = Avg. profit × No. of years
= 9,500 × 3 years
= ₹ 28,500
Goodwill value given in balance sheet = ₹ 30,000
New value arrived at = ₹ 28,500
Loss due to revaluation = ₹ 1,500
To be recorded in P & L Adj. A/c – Dr. Side.
In asset side of Balance sheet, write ₹ 28,500 for Goodwill.

2. Balance of Bank A/c = Opening Balance – Cheque given to Dinu
= 5,000 – 3,000
= ₹ 2,000

Question 4.
Rohan, Rohit and Sachin are partners in a firm sharing profits and losses in the proportion 3 : 1 : 1 respectively. Their balance sheet as on 31st March, 2018 is as shown below:
Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2018

On 1st April, 2018 Sachin retired and the following adjustments have been agreed upon:
1. Goodwill was revalued on ₹ 50,000.
2. Assets and Liabilities were revalued as follows:
Debtors ₹ 50,000, Live stock ₹ 45,000, Building ₹ 1,25,000, Plant and Machinery ₹ 30,000, Motor truck ₹ 95,000 and Creditors ₹ 30,000.
3. Rohan and Rohit contributed additional capital through Net Banking of ₹ 50,000 and ₹ 25,000 respectively.
4. Balance of Sachin’s Capital Account is transferred to his Loan Account.
Give Journal entries in the books of new firm.
Solution:
Journal entries in the books of Partnership Firm

Working Notes:
1. Calculation of Profit on Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities.

Question 5.
Shah, Lodha and Dhole were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4 : 3 : 3. Their Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2019 is given below:
Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2019

On 1st April, 2019 Mr. Lodha retired from the firm on the following terms:
1. Goodwill is to be valued at an average profits and losses of the last five years which were as follows:
Year – Profit/Loss
2015 – ₹ 35,000
2016 – ₹ 20,000
2017 – ₹ 30,000
2018 – ₹ 20,000
2019 – ₹ 25,000
2. Computers to be depreciated by 10%.
3. Furniture to be revalued at ₹ 27,500.
4. Vehicles appreciated by 20%.
5. R.D.D. was no longer necessary.
6. Shah and Dhole will share the future profits and losses in the ratio of 2 : 1.
7. It was decided that goodwill should not appear in the books of a new firm and amount payable to Lodha is to be transferred to his Loan A/c.
Prepare: Profit and Loss Adjustment A/c, Partners’ Capital Accounts, Balance Sheet of new firm.
Solution:
In the books of Partnership Firm

Balance Sheet as on 1st April 2019

Working Note:
Average profit = \(\frac{\text { Total Profit }}{\text { No. of Years }}\)
= \(\frac{35,000+20,000+30,000+20,000+25,000}{5}\)
= \(\frac{1,30,000}{5}\)
= ₹ 26,000
∴ Goodwill = ₹ 26,000
Goodwill should not appear in the books of accounts.
Therefore, ₹ 26,000 credited in Partners’ Capital Account in partners’ old profit and loss ratio. ₹ 26,000 will be debited in Partners’ Capital Account in partners’ new profit-loss ratio.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Book Keeping & Accountancy Solutions Chapter 3 Reconstitution of Partnership (Admission of Partner) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Book Keeping & Accountancy Solutions Chapter 3 Reconstitution of Partnership (Admission of Partner)

1. Objetive type questions.

A. Select the most appropriate alternatives from the following and rewrite the sentences.

Question 1.
Anuj and Eeshan are two partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2. They decided to admit Aaroh for 1/5th share, the new profit sharing ratio will be __________
(a) 12 : 8 : 5
(b) 4 : 3 : 1
(c) 12 : 8 : 1
(d) 12 : 3 : 1
Answer:
(a) 12 : 8 : 5

Question 2.
Excess of proportionate capital over actual capital represents __________
(a) equal capital
(b) surplus capital
(c) deficit capital
(d) gain
Answer:
(c) deficit capital

Question 3.
__________ is credited when unrecorded asset is brought into business.
(a) Revaluation Account
(b) Balance Sheet
(c) Trading Account
(d) Partners Capital Account
Answer:
(a) Revaluation Account

Question 4.
When goodwill is withdrawn by the partner __________ account is credited.
(a) Revaluation
(b) Cash/Bank
(c) Current
(d) Profit and Loss Adjustment
Answer:
(b) Cash/Bank

Question 5.
If asset is taken over by the partner __________ Account is debited.
(a) Revaluation
(b) Capital
(c) Asset
(d) Balance Sheet
Answer:
(b) Capital

B. Write the word/phrase/term, which can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
The method under which calculation of goodwill is done on the basis of extra profit earned above the normal profit.
Answer:
Super Profit Method

Question 2.
An account is opened to adjust the value of assets and liabilities at the time of admission of a partner.
Answer:
Revaluation A/c or Profit and Loss A/c

Question 3.
The reputation of a business is measured in terms of money.
Answer:
Goodwill

Question 4.
The ratio in which general reserve is distributed to the old partners.
Answer:
Old Ratio

Question 5.
Name the method of the treatment of goodwill where a new partner will bring his share of goodwill in cash.
Answer:
Premium Method

Question 6.
The proportion in which old partners make a sacrifice.
Answer:
Sacrifice Ratio

Question 7.
Capital employed × NRR/100 = __________
Answer:
Normal Profit

Question 8.
An Account is debited when the partner takes over the asset.
Answer:
Partner’s Capital A/c or Partner’s Current A/c

Question 9.
Profit and Loss Account balance appearing on the liability side of the Balance Sheet.
Answer:
Undistributed Profit or Accumulated Profit

Question 10.
Old ratio – New ratio = __________
Answer:
Sacrifice Ratio

C. State True or False with reasons:

Question 1.
A new partner can bring capital in cash or kind.
Answer:
This statement is True.
As per the provision of partnership deed, when any person is admitted in the firm, he has to bring some amount as capital which can be in cash or in-kind of assets to get rights in the assets and definite share in the future profit of the firm.

Question 2.
When goodwill is paid privately to the partners, it is not recorded in the books.
Answer:
This statement is True.
When goodwill is paid privately to the partners, by a newly admitted person, then in such case no transaction takes place in the business, and the firm as such is not all benefited. Hence it is not recorded in the books of accounts.

Question 3.
The gain ratio is calculated at the time of admission of a partner.
Answer:
This statement is False.
At the time of admission of a person, in the business, sacrifices are made by the old partners in favour of the new partner. It means there is no question of any gain to the partners, so we can say that the Gain ratio is not calculated at the time of admission of a partner.

Question 4.
Revaluation profit is distributed among all partners including new partners.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Revaluation profit arises due to efforts and hardworking of the old partners in the past and hence profit earned on revaluation of assets and liabilities at the time of admission of a person as a partner in the business belongs to old partners. So, such profit is not distributed among all partners including the new partners. It is distributed only among old partners.

Question 5.
Change in the relationship between the partners is called as Reconstitution of Partnership.
Answer:
This statement is True.
When any person joins the business as a partner, a change in the relationship takes place. The old agreement is terminated and a new agreement is prepared. There is the change in profit or loss sharing ratio and relationship of the partners which is known as Reconstitution of Partnership.

Question 6.
New partners always bring their share of goodwill in cash.
Answer:
This statement is False.
When a new person is admitted to the partnership firm, the old partners surrender a certain share in profit and give it to a new partner. In exchange for that new partner is required to bring goodwill in cash or in kind. If he is unable to bring cash for goodwill, then Goodwill is raised and adjusted to the new partner’s capital A/c.

Question 7.
When the goodwill is written off, the goodwill account is debited.
Answer:
This statement is False.
To write off goodwill means to decrease or wipe out the value of goodwill. When goodwill as an asset of the business is raised, Goodwill A/c is debited in the books of Account. Conversely, when Goodwill is written off from the business, the Goodwill A/c is credited in the books of business.

Question 8.
The new ratio minus the old ratio is equal to the sacrifice ratio.
Answer:
This statement is False.
When a new partner is admitted, old partners have to sacrifice their profit share in favour of the new partner and their old ratio gets reduced and whatever ratio is left becomes a new ratio. Hence, as per equation:
New Ratio = Old Ratio – Sacrifice Ratio.
By interchanging the terms,
Sacrifice Ratio = Old Ratio – New Ratio.

Question 9.
Usually, when a new partner is admitted to the firm, there will be an increase in the capital of the firm.
Answer:
This statement is True.
When a new partner is admitted to the firm, he brings his share of capital and goodwill, in cash or in-kind, to enjoy the right of sharing the future profit, and hence there will be an increase in the capital of the firm.

Question 10.
Cash/Bank Account is credited when goodwill is withdrawn by the old partners.
Answer:
This statement is True.
When a new partner brings his share of goodwill, old partners have the right to withdraw it in cash. Therefore, when old partners withdraw the amount of goodwill, cash goes out from the firm and not goodwill. Hence Cash/Bank A/c is credited.

D. Find the odd one.

Question 1.
General reserve, Creditors, Machinery, Capital
Answer:
Machinery

Question 2.
Decrease in Furniture, Patents wrote off, Increase in Bills payable, R.D.D. written off
Answer:
R.D.D. written off

Question 3.
Super profit method, Valuation method, Average profit method, Fluctuating capital method
Answer:
Fluctuating capital method

E. Calculate the following:

Question 1.
A and B are partners in a firm sharing profit and losses in the ratio of 1 : 1. C is admitted. A surrenders 1/4th share and B surrenders 1/5th of his share in favour of C. Calculate new profit sharing ratio.
Solution:
Old ratio of A and B = 1 : 1 or \(\frac{1}{2}\) : \(\frac{1}{2}\)
A’s sacrifice = \(\frac{1}{4} \times \frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{8}\)
B’s sacrifice = \(\frac{1}{5} \times \frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{10}\)
Sacrificing ratio of A and B = \(\frac{1}{8}\) : \(\frac{1}{10}\) = 5 : 4
C’s share = A’s share + B’s share = \(\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{10}=\frac{5+4}{40}=\frac{9}{40}\)
A’s new share = Old ratio – Sacrifice ratio = \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{8}=\frac{4-1}{8}=\frac{3}{8}\)
B’s new share = Old ratio – Sacrifice ratio = \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{5-1}{10}=\frac{4}{10}\)
Therefore, New ratio of A, B and C = \(\frac{3}{8}: \frac{4}{10}: \frac{9}{40}\) = 15 : 16 : 9
(Making denominator equal)

Question 2.
Anika and Radhika are partners sharing profit in the ratio of 5 : 1. They decide to admit Sanika to the firm for 1/5th share. Calculate the Sacrifice ratio of Anika and Radhika.
Solution:
Balance = 1 – share of new partner
= 1 – \(\frac{1}{5}\)
= \(\frac{4}{5}\) (Remaining share)
New ratio = Old ratio x Balance of 1
Anika’s New ratio = \(\frac{5}{6} \times \frac{4}{5}=\frac{20}{30}\)
Radhika’s New ratio = \(\frac{1}{6} \times \frac{4}{5}=\frac{4}{30}\)
Sanika’s New ratio = \(\frac{1}{5} \times \frac{6}{6}=\frac{6}{30}\) (Making denominator equal)
∴ New Profit and Loss ratio = \(\frac{20}{30}: \frac{4}{30}: \frac{6}{30}\) = 20 : 4 : 6 i.e. 10 : 2 : 3
Sacrifice ratio = old ratio – New ratio
Anika’s Sacrifice ratio = \(\frac{5}{6}-\frac{20}{30}=\frac{25-20}{30}=\frac{5}{30}\)
Radhika’s Sacrifice ratio = \(\frac{1}{6}-\frac{4}{30}=\frac{5-4}{30}=\frac{1}{30}\)
∴ Sacrifice ratio = \(\frac{5}{30}: \frac{1}{30}\) = 5 : 1

Question 3.
Pramod and Vinod are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2. After the admission of Ramesh the New ratio of Pramod, Vinod and Ramesh are 4 : 3 : 2. Find out the Sacrifice ratio.
Solution:
Sacrifice Ratio = Old ratio – New ratio
Pramod’s Sacrifice ratio = \(\frac{3}{5}-\frac{4}{9}=\frac{27-20}{45}=\frac{7}{45}\)
Vinod’s Sacrifice ratio = \(\frac{2}{5}-\frac{3}{9}=\frac{18-15}{45}=\frac{3}{45}\)
∴ Sacrifice ratio = \(\frac{7}{45}: \frac{3}{45}\) = 7 : 3.

F. Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
What is Revaluation Account?
Answer:
An account opened and operated by any partnership firm for recording changes in the value of assets and liabilities and to ascertain profit or loss made on revaluation of assets and liabilities is called Revaluation Account.

Question 2.
What is meant by Reconstitution of Partnership?
Answer:
Reconstitution of partnership means a change in the relationship between/among partners and in the form of partnership.

Question 3.
Why is the new partner admitted?
Answer:
A new partner is admitted to the existing partnership firm to increase the capital resources of the firm and to secure advantages of a new entrant’s skill and business connections, i.e. goodwill.

Question 4.
What is the sacrifice ratio?
Answer:
A ratio that is surrendered or given up by the old partners in favour of a newly admitted partner is called the sacrifice ratio.

Question 5.
What do you mean by raising the goodwill at the time of admission of a new partner?
Answer:
Raising the Goodwill at the time of admission of a new partner means debiting Goodwill Account up to the value it is raised and crediting. Old partners’ Capital Accounts in their old ratio in the books of the firm.

Question 6.
What is the super profit method of calculation of goodwill?
Answer:
Super profit method of calculation of Goodwill is a method in which Goodwill is valued at a certain number of years purchases of the super profit of the partnership firm.

Question 7.
When is the ratio of sacrifice calculated for the distribution of goodwill?
Answer:
The ratio of sacrifice is calculated when the benefits of goodwill contributed by a new partner in cash is to be transferred to existing partners’ Capital/Current Account.

Question 8.
What is the treatment of accumulated profits at the time of admission of a partner?
Answer:
Accumulated profits at the time of admission of a partner are transferred to old partners’ Capital/Current Accounts in their old profit sharing ratio.

Question 9.
State the ratio in which the old partner’s Capital A/c will be credited for goodwill when the new partner does not bring his share of goodwill in cash.
Answer:
When the new partner does not bring his share of goodwill in cash, Goodwill is raised up to a certain value and credited to old partners’ Capital/Current A/cs in their old profit sharing ratio.

Question 10.
What does the excess of debit over credits in the Profit and Loss Adjustment Account indicate?
Answer:
The excess of debit over credits in the Profit and Loss Adjustment Account indicates loss on revaluation of assets and liabilities.

G. Complete the table.

Question 1.

Answer:
Average Profit = \(\frac{Total Profit}{Number of years}\)

Question 2.

Answer:
Normal Profit = Capital Employed × \(\frac{NPR}{100}\)

Question 3.

Answer:
The stock shown in Balance Sheet → Stock undervalued by 20% → Cost of Stock
₹ 1,60,000 → ₹ 40,000 → ₹ 2,00,000

Practical Problems

Question 1.
Vikram and Pradnya share profits and losses in the ratio 2 : 3 respectively. Their Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2018 was as under.
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2018

They agreed to admit Avani as a partner on 1st April 2018 on the following terms:
1. Avani shall have 1/4th share in future profits.
2. He shall bring ₹ 37,500 as his capital and ₹ 30,000 as his share of goodwill.
3. Land and building to be valued at ₹ 45,000 and furniture to be depreciated by 10%.
4. Provision for bad and doubtful debts is to be maintained at 5% on the Sundry Debtors.
5. Stock to be valued ₹ 82,500.
The Capital A/c of all partners to be adjusted in their new profit and loss ratio and excess amount be transferred to their loan accounts.
Prepare Profit and Loss Adjustment Account, Capital Accounts, and New Balance Sheet.
Solution:
In the books of Partnership Firm

Balance Sheet as of 1st April 2018

Working Notes:
1. Calculation of new profit ratio = 1 – share of new partner
= 1 – \(\frac{1}{4}\)
= \(\frac{3}{4}\) (Remaining share)
New ratio = old ratio × balance 1 (Remaining share)
Vikram’s new ratio = \(\frac{2}{5} \times \frac{3}{4}=\frac{6}{20}\)
Pradnya’s new ratio = \(\frac{3}{5} \times \frac{3}{4}=\frac{9}{20}\)
Avani’s ratio = \(\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{4} \times \frac{5}{5}=\frac{5}{20}\)
∴ New profit sharing ratio = 6 : 9 : 5.
Capital amount adjusted in their new profit and loss ratio:
Total Capital of the Partnership Firm = (Reciprocal of New Partner’s Share) × (Capital of New Partner)
= (Reciprocal of \(\frac{1}{4}\)) × 37,500
= 4 × 37,500
= ₹ 1,50,000
Vikram’s Capital balance = (Vikram’s New Ratio) × (Total Capital of the firm)
= \(\frac{6}{20}\) × 1,50,000 = ₹ 45,000
Pradnya’s Capital balance = \(\frac{9}{20}\) × 1,50,000 = ₹ 67,500

Question 2.
Amalendu and Sameer share profits and losses in the ratio 3 : 2 respectively. Their Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2017 was as under:
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2017

On 1st April 2017 they admit Paresh into partnership. The term being that:
1. He shall pay ₹ 16,000 as his share of Goodwill 50% amount of Goodwill shall be withdrawn by the old partners.
2. He shall have to bring in ₹ 20,000 as his Capital for 1/4 share in future profits.
3. For the purpose of Paresh’s admission it was agreed that the assets would be revalued as follows:
A. Land and Building is to be valued at ₹ 60,000.
B. Plant and Machinery to be valued at ₹ 16,000.
C. Stock valued at ₹ 20,000 and Furniture and Fixtures at ₹ 4,000.
D. A Provision of 5% on Debtors would be made for Doubtful Debts.
Pass the necessary Journal Entries in the books of a new firm.
Solution:
Journal entries in the books of Partnership Firm


Working Notes:

Question 3.
Vasu and Viraj share profits and losses in the ratio of 3 : 2 respectively. Their Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2019 was as under:
Balance Sheet as on 31st March, 2019

They admit Hari into partnership on 1-4-2019. The terms being that:
1. He shall have to bring in ₹ 60,000 as his Capital for 1/4 share in future profits.
2. Value of Goodwill of the firm is to be fixed at the average profits for the last three years.
The Profit were:
2015-16 – ₹ 48,000
2016-17 – ₹ 81,000
2017-18 – ₹ 73,500
Hari is unable to bring the value of Goodwill in cash. It is decided to raise Goodwill in the books of accounts.
3. Reserve for Doubtful debts is to be created at ₹ 1,500.
4. Closing stock is valued at ₹ 22,500.
5. Plant and Building are to be depreciated by 5%.
Prepare Profit and Loss-Adjustment A/c, Capital Accounts of Partners and Balance Sheet of the new firm.
Solution:
In the books of the firm __________

Balance Sheet as on 1st April 2019

Working Notes:
1. Average Profit = \(\frac{Total Profit}{No. of years}\)
= \(\frac{48,000+81,000+73,500}{3}\)
= ₹ 67,500
∴ Goodwill value = ₹ 67,500
Vasu’s share in Goodwill = ₹ 40,500 (67,500 × \(\frac{3}{5}\))
Viraj’s share in Goodwill = ₹ 27,000 (67,500 × \(\frac{2}{5}\))

2. Hari is not able to bring a share in goodwill and it is decided to raise the goodwill in the book.
Therefore, Goodwill is recorded in the Asset side ₹ 67,500.

Question 4.
Mr. Deep & Mr. Karan were in partnership sharing profits & losses in the proportion of 3 : 1 respectively. Their Balance Sheet on 31st March 2018 stood as follows:
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2018

They admit Shubham into Partnership on 1 April 2018. The terms being that:
1. He shall have to bring in ₹ 20,000 as his capital for 1/5 share in future profits & ₹ 10,000 as his share of Goodwill.
2. A provision for 5% doubtful debts to be created on sundry debtors.
3. Furniture to be depreciated by 20%.
4. Stock should be appreciated by 5% and Building be appreciated by 20%.
5. Capital A/c of all partners be adjusted in their new profit sharing ratio through cash account.
Prepare Profit and Loss-Adjustment A/c, Partners’ Capital A/c, Balance Sheet of the new firm.
Solution:
In the books of the firm __________


Balance Sheet as of 1st April 2018

Working Note:
Calculation of new ratio : Balance of 1 = 1 – share of new partner
= 1 – \(\frac{1}{5}\)
= \(\frac{4}{5}\) (Remaining share)
New ratio = Old ratio × balance 1 (Remaining share)
Deep’s new ratio = \(\frac{3}{4} \times \frac{4}{5}=\frac{3}{5}\)
Karan’s new ratio = \(\frac{1}{4} \times \frac{4}{5}=\frac{1}{5}\)
Shubham’s new ratio = \(\frac{1}{5}=\frac{1}{5}\)
∴ New profit and loss sharing ratio = 3 : 1 : 1
Capital amount to be adjusted in Partner’s new profit and loss ratio:
Total Capital of the firm = (Reciprocal of New partner’s share) × (New partner’s capital)
= 5 × 20,000
= ₹ 1,00,000
Deep’s capital balance = \(\frac {3}{5}\) × 1,00,000 = ₹ 60,000
Karan’s capital balance = \(\frac {1}{5}\) × 1,00,000 = ₹ 20,000

Question 5.
Mr. Kishor & Mr. Lai were in partnership sharing profits & losses in the proportion of 3/4 and 1/4 respectively.

They decided to admit Ram on 1 April 2018 on the following terms:
1. He should be given 1/5th share in profit and for that, he brought in ₹ 60,000 as capital through RTGS.
2. Goodwill should be raised at ₹ 60,000.
3. Appreciate Land and Building by 20%.
4. Furniture and Stock are to be depreciated by 10%.
5. The capitals of all partners should be adjusted in their new profit sharing ratio through Bank A/c.
Pass necessary Journal Entries in the books of the partnership firm and a Balance Sheet of the new firm.
Solution:
Journal entries in the books of the firm


Balance Sheet as of 1st April 2018

Working Notes:
1.

2. Calculation of new profit sharing ratio:
New Ratio = (Balance of 1) × (old ratio)
Kishor’s New ratio = \(\left(1-\frac{1}{5}\right) \times \frac{3}{4}=\frac{4}{5} \times \frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{5}\)
Lal’s New ratio = \(\left(1-\frac{1}{5}\right) \times \frac{1}{4}=\frac{4}{5} \times \frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{5}\)
Ram’s ratio = \(\frac{1}{5}\)

3. Total capital of the firm = (Reciprocal of Ram’s ratio) × (His capital contribution)
= \(\frac{5}{1}\) × 60,000 = ₹ 3,00,000
Kishor’s new closing capital balance = 3,00,000 × \(\frac{3}{5}\) = ₹ 1,80,000
Lai’s new closing capital balance = 3,00,000 × \(\frac{1}{5}\) = ₹ 60,000
Ram’s new closing capital balance = ₹ 60,000

Question 6.
Vrushali and Leena are equal partners in the business. Their Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2013 stood as under.
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2018

They decided to admit Aparna on 1st April 2018 on the following terms:
1. The Machinery and Building be depreciated by 10%. Reserve for Doubtful Debts to be increased by ₹ 5,000.
2. Bills receivable are taken over by Vrushali at a discount of 10%.
3. Aparna should bring ₹ 60,000 as capital for her 1/4th share in future profits.
4. The Capital accounts of all the partners be adjusted in proportion to the new profit sharing ratio by opening the Current accounts of the partners.
Prepare Profit and Loss-Adjustment A/c, Partners’ Capital A/c, Balance Sheet of the new firm.
Solution:

Balance Sheet as on 1st April 2018

Working Notes:
1. R.D.D. to be increased by ₹ 5,000 means subtract ₹ 5,000 from Debtors.

2. Bills receivable taken by Vrushali at 10 % discount i.e. 12,000 – 1,200 = ₹ 10,800.
Write this amount on the debit side of the partners’ Capital Account in Vrushali’s column.

3. Calculation of new ratio = 1 – share of new partner
= 1 – \(\frac{1}{4}\)
= \(\frac{3}{4}\) (Remaining share)
New ratio = Old ratio × Balance 1 (Remaining Share)
Vrushali’s new ratio = \(\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{8}\)
Leena’s new ratio = \(\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{8}\)
Aparna’s ratio = \(\frac{1}{4}\)
∴ Partner’s new profit and loss ratio = \(\frac{3}{8}: \frac{3}{8}: \frac{1}{4}\) = 3 : 3 : 2
Now, capital amount to be adjusted in partners new profit and loss ratio.
Total capital of the firm = (Reciprocal of New Partner’s Share) × (New Partner’s Capital)
= (Reciprocal of \(\frac{1}{4}\)) × 60,000
= 4 × 60,000
= ₹ 2,40,000
Vrushali’s capital balance = \(\frac {3}{8}\) × 2,40,000 = ₹ 90,000
Leela’s capital balance = \(\frac {3}{8}\) × 2,40,000 = ₹ 90,000
The deficit of these capital balances is to be adjusted through the Current account.
To keep the balance of Vrushali’s and Leena’s capital ₹ 90,000 each, deficit of ₹ 53,850 and ₹ 58,050 are incurred which is transferred to the respective Partner’s Current A/cs and recorded on the Asset side of Balance Sheet [As it is to be recovered from Partners].

Question 7.
The balance sheet of Medha and Radha who share profit and loss in the ratio 3 : 1 is as follows:
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2018

They decided to admit Krutika on 1st April 2018 on the following terms:
1. Krutika is taken as a partner on 1st April 2017. She will pay 40,000 as her capital for 1/5th share in future profits and ₹ 2,500 as goodwill.
2. 5% provision for bad and doubtful debt be created on debtors.
3. Furniture be depreciated by 20%.
4. Stocks be appreciated by 5% and plant & machinery by 20 %.
5. The Capital accounts of all partners be adjusted in their new profit sharing ratio by adjusting the amount through a loan.
6. The new profit sharing ratio will be 3/5 : 1/5 : 1/5 respectively.
You are required to prepare Profit and Loss-Adjustment A/c, Partners’ Capital A/c, Balance Sheet of the new firm.
Solution:


Balance Sheet as of 1st April 2018

Working Notes:
1. Total capital of the firm = (Reciprocal of New Partner’s Profit Sharing ratio) × (Capital contributed by new partner)
= (Reciprocal of \(\frac{1}{5}\)) × 40,000
= 5 × 40,000
= ₹ 2,00,000
Medha’s closing capital, balance = \(\frac{3}{5}\) × 2,00,000 = ₹ 1,20,000
Radha’s closing capital balance = \(\frac{1}{5}\) × 2,00,000 = ₹ 40,000

2. General reserve is distributed among old partners in their old profit and loss ratio.

3. Cash Balance = 78,000 + 40,000 + 2,500 = ₹ 1,20,500 [Amount brought in by new partner.]

Question 8.
The Balance Sheet of Sahil and Nikhil who share profits in the ratio of 3 : 2 as of 31st March 2017 is as follows:
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2017

Varad admitted on 1st April 2017 on the following terms:
1. Varad was to pay ₹ 1,00,000 for his share of capital.
2. He was also to pay ₹ 40,000 as his share of goodwill.
3. The new profit sharing ratio was 3 : 2 : 3.
4. Old partners decided to revalue the assets as follows:
Building ₹ 1,00,000. Furniture ₹ 48,000, Debtors ₹ 38,000 (in view of likely bad debts)
5. It was found that there was a liability for ₹ 3,000 for goods in March 2017 but recorded on 2nd April 2017.
You are required to prepare:
(a) Profit and Loss-Adjustment account
(b) Capital accounts of the partners
(c) Balance Sheet after the admission of Varad.
Solution:


Balance Sheet as of 1st April 2017

Working Notes:
1. Cash in hand = Opening balance + Varad’s capital + Varad’s goodwill (amount brought in)
= 20,000 + 1,00,000 + 40,000
= ₹ 1,60,000

2. Sacrifice ratio = Old ratio – New ratio
Sahil’s sacrifice = \(\frac{3}{5}-\frac{3}{8}=\frac{24-15}{40}=\frac{9}{40}\)
Nikhil’s sacrifice = \(\frac{2}{5}-\frac{2}{8}=\frac{16-10}{40}=\frac{6}{40}\)
i.e. sacrifice ratio = \(\frac{9}{40}: \frac{6}{40}\) = 9 : 6 = 3 : 2.
Goodwill is distributed among old partners in the sacrifice ratio.

Question 9.
Mr. Amit and Baban share profits and losses in the ratio 2 : 3 respectively. Their Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2018 was as under:
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2018

They agreed decided to admit Kamal on 1st April 2018 on the following terms:
1. Kamal shall have 1/4th share in future profits.
2. She shall bring 50,000 as her capital and 40,000 as her share of goodwill.
3. Land and building to be valued at 60,000 and furniture to be depreciated by 10%.
4. Provision for bad and doubtful debts is to be maintained at 5% on the sundry debtors.
5. Stocks to be valued at 1,10,000.
The Capital A/c of all partners to be adjusted in their new profit and loss ratio and excess amount be transferred to their loan accounts.
Prepare Profit and Loss-Adjustment A/c, Capital A/cs, and New Balance Sheet.
Solution:

Balance Sheet as of 1st April 2018

Working Notes:
1. Cash balance = Opening balance + Amount brought in by Kamal
= 1,10,000 + 50,000 + 40,000
= ₹ 2,00,000

2. For calculation of new profit and loss ratio:
Calculation of new profit ratio = 1 – share of new partner
= 1 – \(\frac{1}{4}\)
= \(\frac{3}{4}\) (Remaining share)
New ratio = old ratio × balance 1 (Remaining share)
Amit’s new ratio = \(\frac{2}{5} \times \frac{3}{4}=\frac{6}{20}\)
Baban’s new ratio = \(\frac{3}{5} \times \frac{3}{4}=\frac{9}{20}\)
Kamal’s ratio = \(\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{4} \times \frac{5}{5}=\frac{5}{20}\)

3. New profit and loss ratio = 6 : 9 : 5
Capital amount adjusted in their new profit and loss ratio by taking new partner Kamal’s capital (₹ 50,000) as a base.
For part 5 capital = ₹ 50,000 (Kamal’s capital)
For part 6 capital = ₹ 60,000 (Amit’s capital)
For part 9 capital = ₹ 90,000 (Baban’s capital)

4. After keeping these capital balances difference of the amount of Amit’s capital ₹ 63,520 and of Baban’s capital ₹ 45,280 are taken as partner’s loan to the firm and as a liability of the firm it is recorded in the Liabilities side of the Balance Sheet.

Question 10.
The following is the Balance Sheet of Om and Jay on 31st March 2018, they share profits and losses in the ratio 3 : 2.
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2018

They take Jagdish into partnership on 1st April 2018. The terms being:
1. Jagdish should pay ₹ 3,000 as his share of Goodwill. 50% of goodwill withdrawn by partners in cash.
2. He should bring ₹ 9,000 as capital for 1/4th share in future profits.
3. Building to be valued at 18,000, Machinery and Furniture to be reduced by 10 %.
4. A provision of 5% on debtors to be made for doubtful debts.
5. Stock to be taken at the value of ₹ 15,000.
Prepare Profit and Loss A/c, Partners’ Current A/c, Balance Sheet of the new firm.
Solution:

Balance Sheet as of 1st April 2018

Working Notes:
1.

2. Write partner’s capital accounts balance as fixed capital balance in the Balance Sheet and transferred current account balance in the Balance Sheet as Partners Current A/c.

3. As shown in the cash account partners’ withdrew half amount of goodwill amount share.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board 12th Commerce Book Keeping & Accountancy Solutions Chapter 1 Introduction to Partnership and Partnership Final Accounts Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Book Keeping & Accountancy Solutions Chapter 1 Introduction to Partnership and Partnership Final Accounts

I. Objective Questions:

A. Select the most appropriate alternatives from the following and rewrite the sentences:

Question 1.
When there is no partnership agreement between partners, the division of profits takes place in ____________ ratio.
(a) equal
(b) capital ratio
(c) initial contribution
(d) experience and tenure of partners
Answer:
(a) equal

Question 2.
To find out Net Profit or Net Loss of the business ____________ Account is prepared.
(a) Trading
(b) Capital
(c) Current
(d) Profit & Loss
Answer:
(d) Profit & Loss

Question 3.
A ____________ is an Intangible Asset.
(a) Goodwill
(b) Stock
(c) Cash
(d) Furniture
Answer:
(a) Goodwill

Question 4.
In the absence of an agreement, interest on a loan advanced by the partner to the firm is allowed at the rate of ____________
(a) 5%
(b) 6%
(c) 10%
(d) 9%
Answer:
(b) 6%

Question 5.
Liability of partners in a partnership business is ____________
(a) limited
(b) unlimited
(c) limited and unlimited
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(b) unlimited

Question 6.
The Indian Partnership Act is in force since ____________
(a) 1932
(b) 1881
(c) 1956
(d) 1984
Answer:
(a) 1932

Question 7.
Maximum number of Partners in a firm are ____________ according to Companies Act, 2013.
(a) 10
(b) 25
(c) 20
(d) 50
Answer:
(d) 50

B. Write the word/phrase/term, which can substitute each of the following statements.

Question 1.
Persons who form the partnership firm.
Answer:
Partners

Question 2.
Amount of cash or goods withdrawn by partners from the business from time to time.
Answer:
Drawings

Question 3.
An association of two or more persons according to Indian Partnership Act 1932.
Answer:
Partnership firm

Question 4.
Act under which partnership firms are regulated.
Answer:
Indian Partnership Act

Question 5.
Process of entering the name of the partnership firm in the register of the Registrar.
Answer:
Registration

Question 6.
Partnership agreement in written form.
Answer:
Partnership Deed

Question 7.
Under this method capital, balances of partners remain constant.
Answer:
Fixed Capital Method

Question 8.
Proportion in which partners share profit.
Answer:
Profit-Sharing Ratio

Question 9.
Such a capital method in which only Capital Account is maintained for each partner.
Answer:
Fluctuating Capital Method

Question 10.
The account to which all adjustments are made when capital is fixed.
Answer:
Current Account

Question 11.
Expenses that are paid before they are due.
Answer:
Prepaid expenses

Question 12.
The accounts are prepared at the end of each accounting year.
Answer:
Final Accounts

Question 13.
An asset that can be converted into cash easily.
Answer:
Current Assets or Liquid Assets

Question 14.
Order in which fixed assets are recorded first in the Balance Sheet.
Answer:
Order of liquidation

Question 15.
The account in which selling expenses of the business are recorded.
Answer:
Profit and Loss Account

Question 16.
Debit balance of Trading Account.
Answer:
Gross loss

Question 17.
The credit balance of Profit and Loss Account.
Answer:
Net profit

C. State whether the following statements are True or False with reasons:

Question 1.
A partnership firm is a Non-Trading concern.
Answer:
This statement is False.
The main aim of a partnership firm Is to earn maximum profit. The partnership is a trading concern. It undertakes either manufacturing or distributive activities with the sole aim of earning profit and distribute that profit among the partners in a specific ratio. It is never formed for charitable purposes.

Question 2.
A profit and Loss Account is a Real Account.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Account of expenses, losses, gains, and incomes is called a Nominal account. The profit and Loss Account contains all indirect expenses and indirect incomes of the firm. Therefore, a Profit and Loss Account is a Nominal Account and not a real account.

Question 3.
Carriage inward is carriage on purchase.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Total transport expenses incurred on bringing the goods from market to the place of business is called the carriage. When goods are purchased, the carriage is supposed to be borne by the firm. It is known as carriage inward. It means carriage paid on purchase.

Question 4.
Adjustments are recorded in Partners Current Account in Fixed Capital Method.
Answer:
This statement is True.
In Fixed Capital Method, as the name suggests capital balances (opening and closing) are generally remain fixed. Under this method, adjustments are not to be recorded in Capital Account. All adjustments are recorded in a separate account called Partners’ Current Accounts.

Question 5.
Prepaid expenses are treated as liabilities.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Prepaid expenses are expenses that are paid before they are due. Therefore, they are considered an asset of the business organization.

Question 6.
If the partnership deed is silent, partners share profits and losses in proportion to their capital.
Answer:
This statement is False.
As per the provisions made under the Indian Partnership Act 1932, when a partnership deed is silent about profit and loss sharing ratio, partners are supposed to share profits and losses in equal proportion, and not in their capital ratio.

Question 7.
Balance Sheet is an Account.
Answer:
This statement is False.
A financial statement showing all assets and liabilities is called a Balance sheet. It is not an account. It is a position statement that shows various assets owned by the firm and various liabilities owned by it. On the left-hand side, all liabilities are listed and on the right-hand side, all assets are recorded.

Question 8.
Wages paid for the installation of machinery is a Revenue expenditure.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Wages paid for the installation of machinery is a capital expenditure and therefore it is added to the cost of machinery. It is generally, paid once in a life of an asset. It is a long-term and capital expenditure.

Question 9.
Income received in advance is a liability.
Answer:
This statement is True.
When Income in respect to next year, it received in the current year, it is known as income received in advance. So, in next year firm will not be able to receive that amount and therefore it is considered as a liability for the current year.

Question 10.
R.D.D. is created on Creditors.
Answer:
This statement is Raise.
R.D.D. stands for Reserve for Doubtful Debts. It is created on the value of debtors. Such provision is made against profit and loss accounts. In the future, if the loss is incurred on account of bad debts, such an amount is used to run the business.

Question 11.
Depreciation is not calculated on Current Assets.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Current Assets mean liquid assets having no fixed tenure therefore depreciation cannot be calculated on it. Depreciation is calculated and charged on fixed assets for their use, wear and tear, etc.

Question 12.
Goodwill is an intangible asset.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Goodwill is a reputation of business computed in terms of money. Reputation can be experienced but can’t be seen or felt. Therefore, Goodwill is an intangible asset.

Question 13.
Indirect expenses are debited to Trading Account.
Answer:
This statement is Raise.
Indirect expenses mean expenses that are not directly related to the production of goods and services. Therefore, indirect expenses cannot be debited to Trading Account. All indirect expenses are debited to the Profit and Loss Account.

Question 14.
A bank loan is a current liability.
Answer:
This statement is Raise.
A loan usually taken for the period of more than 1 year say 5 years from the bank is called Bank Loan. It is a long term loan. It is not repaid within 1 year but paid in installments over a number of years. It might be paid in lumpsum at the expiry of the term.

Question 15.
Net profit is the debit balance of Profit and Loss Account.
Answer:
This statement is Raise.
In a Profit and Loss Account, when the credit side total i.e. a total of incomes is more than the debit side total, i.e. expenses it is known as a credit balance. When incomes exceed expenses there is profit. Therefore credit balance of the Profit and Loss Account indicates net profit.

D. Find an odd one.

Question 1.
Wages, Salary, Royalty, Import Duty
Answer:
Salary

Question 2.
Postage, Stationery, Advertising, Purchases
Answer:
Purchases

Question 3.
Capital, Bills Receivable, Reserve fund, Bank overdraft
Answer:
Bills Receivable

Question 4.
Building, Machinery, Furniture, Bills Payable
Answer:
Bill Payable

Question 5.
Discount received, Dividend received, Interest received, Depreciation
Answer:
Depreciation

E. Complete the sentences.

Question 1.
Partners share profits & losses in ____________ ratio in the absence of partnership deed.
Answer:
equal

Question 2.
Registration of partnership is ____________ in India.
Answer:
optional

Question 3.
Partnership business must be ____________
Answer:
lawful

Question 4.
Liabilities of partners in partnership firm is ____________
Answer:
unlimited

Question 5.
The balance of the Drawings Account of a partner is transferred to his ____________ account under the Fixed Capital Method.
Answer:
Current

Question 6.
The interest on capital of a partner is debited to ____________ account.
Answer:
Profit and Loss

Question 7.
Partners are ____________ liable for the debts of the firm.
Answer:
joint & several

Question 8.
Partnership Deed is an ____________ of Partnership.
Answer:
Article

Question 9.
The withdrawal by the partner for personal use from the firm is ____________ to his account.
Answer:
debited

Question 10.
Commission payable to partner is ____________ to the firm.
Answer:
liability/outstanding expense

Question 11.
When partners adopt Fixed Capital Method then they have to operate ____________ Account.
Answer:
Partner’s Current

Question 12.
If the partners Current Account shows ____________ balance it is shown to the Liability side of the Balance Sheet.
Answer:
credit

Question 13.
The expenses paid for trading purpose are known as ____________ expenses.
Answer:
trade

Question 14.
Cash receipts which are recurring in nature are called as ____________ Receipts.
Answer:
Revenue

Question 15.
Return outward are deducted from ____________
Answer:
purchase

Question 16.
Expenses which are paid before due date are called as ____________
Answer:
Prepaid Expenses

Question 17.
Assets which are held in the business for a long period are called ____________
Answer:
Fixed Assets

Question 18.
Trading Account is prepared on the basis of ____________ expenses.
Answer:
direct

Question 19.
When commission is allowed to any partner, it is ____________ of the business.
Answer:
expenditure

Question 20.
When goods are distributed as free samples, it is treated as ____________ of the business.
Answer:
advertisement expense

F. Answer in one sentence only:

Question 1.
What is Fluctuating Capital?
Answer:
When capital balances of the partners go on changing every year due to transactions of partners with the firm, it is known as Fluctuating Capital.

Question 2.
Why is Partnership Deed necessary?
Answer:
Partnership Deed is necessary to prevent disputes or misunderstandings among the partners in the future.

Question 3.
If the Partnership Deed is silent, in which ratio, the partners will share the profit or loss?
Answer:
If the Partnership Deed is silent, partners will share profits and losses in equal ratio.

Question 4.
What is the Fixed Capital Method?
Answer:
Fixed Capital Method is one in which capital balances of the partners remain the same at the end of every financial year unless any amount of additional capital is introduced or part of the capital is withdrawn by the partner from the business.

Question 5.
How many partners are required to form a partnership firm?
Answer:
Minimum two persons are required to form a partnership firm.

Question 6.
What is Partnership Deed?
Answer:
A partnership deed is a written agreement duly stamped and signed document containing the terms and conditions of the partnership.

Question 7.
What are the objectives of the Partnership Firm?
Answer:
To earn a maximum profit is the main objective of the partnership firm.

Question 8.
What rate of interest is allowed on a partner’s loan in the absence of an agreement?
Answer:
6 % is the rate of interest to be allowed on a partner’s loan in the absence of an agreement.

Question 9.
What is the minimum number of partners in a partnership firm according to the Indian Partnership Act 1932?
Answer:
Minimum two persons are required a number of partners in a partnership firm according to Indian Partnership Act 1932.

Question 10.
What is the liability of a partner?
Answer:
The liability of a partner (except minor partner) is unlimited.

Question 11.
In the absence of Partnership Deed, what is the rate of interest on a loan advanced by the partner to the firm is allowed?
Answer:
In the absence of Partnership Deed, 6% is the rate of interest on a loan advanced by the partner to the firm.

Question 12.
What do you mean by pre-received income?
Answer:
Income that is received by the partnership firm before it is due is called pre-received income.

Question 13.
What is the effect of the adjustment of provision for discount on debtors in the final accounts of partnership?
Answer:
The effects of the adjustment of provision for discount on debtors in the final accounts of partnership are as follows:
Debit Profit and Loss A/c and deduct the amount of provision for discount on debtors from the number of debtors.

Question 14.
When are the Partners Current Account is opened?
Answer:
When Fixed Capital Method is adopted by the firm, Partners’s Current Account is opened.

Question 15.
As per which principle of accounting, closing stock is valued at cost price or at market price whichever is less?
Answer:
As per the Conservatism principle of accounting, the closing stock is valued at cost price or at market price whichever is less.

Question 16.
What is the provision of the Indian Partnership Act with regard to Interest on Capital?
Answer:
As per the provision of the Indian Partnership Act, Interest in Capital is not to be allowed.

Question 17.
Why is the Balance Sheet prepared?
Answer:
The Balance Sheet is prepared to know the financial position of the business in the form of its assets and liabilities on a particular date.

Question 18.
Why wages paid for the installation of machinery are not shown in Trading Account?
Answer:
Wages paid for the installation of machinery is a capital expenditure and it is not to be recorded in Trading Account.

Question 19.
What do you mean by indirect incomes?
Answer:
All incomes other than direct incomes are called indirect incomes.
[e.g. Interest received on investments, Incomes like discount, commission, dividend, rent, etc. received].

Question 20.
Why partners capital is treated as a long-term liability of business?
Answer:
Partner’s Capital is not refunded during the existence of the partnership firm unless the partner is retired or expired.

G. Do you agree/disagree with the following statements:

Question 1.
When Partnership Deed is silent, partners share profits of the firm according to capital ratio.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 2.
The current Account always shows a debit balance.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 3.
It is compulsory to have a partnership agreement in writing.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 4.
Partnership Firm is a trading concern.
Answer:
Agree

Question 5.
Interest in the capital is an expenditure for the partnership firm.
Answer:
Agree

Question 6.
A partnership is an association of two or more persons.
Answer:
Agree

Question 7.
Partners are entitled to get a Salary or Commission.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 8.
The balance of the Capital Account remains constant under Fixed Capital Method.
Answer:
Agree

Question 9.
The Indian Partnership Act came into existence in the year 1945.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 10.
Profit and Loss Account reflects the true financial position.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 11.
The amount borrowed by a partner from his business will be debited to the Current Account.
Answer:
Agree

Question 12.
Sold but undispatched goods must be part of the valuation of closing stock.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 13.
Carriage inward is a selling and distribution overhead.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 14.
Gross profit is an operating profit.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 15.
All financial expenditures are debited to the Profit and Loss Account.
Answer:
Agree

Question 16.
Free distribution of goods is debited to Trading Account.
Answer:
Disagree

H. Calculate the following:

Question 1.
Undervaluation of closing stock by 10%, closing stock was ₹ 30,000. Find out the value of the closing stock.
Solution:
Undervaluation of closing stock by 10 %
Revised value = \(\frac{\text { Book value }}{100-\% \text { of undervaluation }} \times 100\)
= \(\frac{30,000}{100-10} \times 100\)
= ₹ 33,333.
∴ Value of closing stock = ₹ 33,333.

Question 2.
Calculate 12.5% P.A. depreciation on Furniture:
(a) on ₹ 220,000 for 1 year
(b) on ₹ 10,000 for 6 months
Solution:
Depreciation = Amount of asset × Period × %
(a) Depreciation on furniture = 220,000 × 1 × \(\frac{12.5}{100}\) = ₹ 27,500
∴ Deprecation on furniture for 1 year = ₹ 27,500

(b) Depreciation on furniture = 10,000 × \(\frac{6}{12} \times \frac{12.5}{100}\) = ₹ 625
∴ Depreciation on furniture for 6 months = ₹ 625

Question 3.
The insurance premium is paid for the year ending on 1st September 2019 amounted to ₹ 1500. Calculate prepaid insurance assuming that the year-end is 31st March 2019.
Solution:
From 31st March to 1st September, 5 months period prepaid insurance amount we have to find.
An insurance premium paid for the 12 months = ₹ 1500
∴ for 5 months period it is 1500 × \(\frac{5}{12}\) = ₹ 625
Thus, prepaid insurance premium amount = ₹ 625.

Question 4.
Find out Gross Profit/Gross Loss: Purchases ₹ 30,000, Sales ₹ 15,000, Carriage inward ₹ 2400, Opening stock ₹ 10,000, Purchase return ₹ 1000, Closing stock ₹ 36,000.
Solution:

Question 5.
A borrowed loan from Bank of Maharashtra ₹ 2,00,000 on 1st October 2019 @15 % p.a. Calculate interest on a bank loan for the year 2019 – 20 assuming that the financial year ends on 31st March, every year.
Solution:
From 1st October to 31st March, 6 months period interest on loan is to be calculated.
Interest (I) = \(\frac{\text { PRN }}{100}\)
∴ Interest on loan = 2,00,000 × \(\frac{15}{100} \times \frac{6}{12}\) = ₹ 15,000
∴ Interest on loan on ₹ 2,00,000 for 6 months = ₹ 15,000

Practical Problems

Question 1.
Amitbhai and Narendrabhai are in Partnership Sharing Profits and Losses equally. From the following Trial Balance and Adjustments given below, you are required to prepare the Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.

Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Stock on hand on 31st March 2019 was valued at ₹ 43,000.
2. Uninsured goods worth ₹ 8,000 were stolen.
3. Create R.D.D. at 2 % on sundry debtors.
4. Mr. Patil, our customer becomes insolvent and could not pay his debts of ₹ 500.
5. Outstanding Expenses – Rent ₹ 800 and salaries ₹ 300.
6. Depreciate Factory Building by ₹ 2,500 and Furniture by ₹ 1,800.
Solution:
In the books of Amitbhai and Narendrabhai

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019


Notes:
1. Import duty, Motive power, and Depreciation on Factory building are recorded in the Trading A/c.

2. 10% govt, the bond is an investment. It was purchased on 1 – 10 – 2018.
∴ Interest is calculated for six months.
Interest on Govt. Bond = \(\frac{40,000}{1} \times \frac{6}{12} \times \frac{10}{100}\) = ₹ 2,000

3. Adv. exp. paid for 2 years from 01 – 01 – 2019. Upto 31 – 3 – 2019, 3 months adv. exp. is written off to Profit and Loss A/c. It is calculated as below:
= 10,000 × \(\frac{3}{24}\) = ₹ 1,250
∴ Prepaid adv. exp. = 10,000 – 1,250 = ₹ 8,750

Question 2.
From the following Trial Balance of M/s Mitesh and Mangesh, you are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.

Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Mitesh and Mangesh are sharing profit and losses in the ratio 3 : 1.
2. Partners are entitled to get commission @ 1% each on gross profit.
3. The closing stock is valued at ₹ 23,700.
4. Outstanding Expenses – Audit fees ₹ 400; Carriage ₹ 600.
5. Building is valued at ₹ 46,500.
6. Furniture is depreciated by 5%.
7. Provide interest on partner’s capital at 2.5% p.a.
8. Goods of ₹ 900 were taken by Mangesh for his personal use.
9. Write off ₹ 1,000 as Bad debts and maintain R.D.D. at 3 % on Sundry Debtors.
Solution:
In the books of M/s Mitesh and Mangesh



Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019


Working Notes:
1. In this problem, Current Account balances are given. So, the total amount of fixed capital is directly shown in the Liabilities side of the Balance Sheet. Effects of adjustments related to commission to partners, interest on capital, goods are withdrawn by Mangesh are given in the Current Account. Closing balances of the Current Account are shown separately on the Liability side of the Balance Sheet.

2. Building is valued at ₹ 46,500 whereas the opening balance of Building given is ₹ 48,500. Therefore, a difference of the amount of ₹ 2,000 (48,500 – 46,500) is nothing but Depreciation charged on Building.

3. Return Inward ⇒ Sales Return
Return Outward ⇒ Purchase Return

4. Commission payable to partners:
Mitesh = 1% on Gross Profit = \(\frac{1}{100} \times \frac{99,000}{1}\) = ₹ 990/-
Mangesh = 1% on Gross Profit = \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 99,000 = ₹ 990/-

Question 3.
From the following Trial Balance and Adjustments given below of Reena and Aarti, you are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Closing stock valued at ₹ 22,000.
2. Write off ₹ 900 for bad & doubtful debts and create a provision for reserve for doubtful debts ₹ 1,000.
3. Create a provision for discount on debtors @ 3 % and on creditors @ 5%.
4. Outstanding Expenses – Wages ₹ 700 and Salaries ₹ 800.
5. Insurance is paid for 15 months, w.e.f. 1st April 2018.
6. Depreciate land and building @ 5%.
7. Reena & Aarti are sharing Profits & Losses in their Capital Ratio.
Solution:
In the books of Reena and Aarti

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Insurance premium ₹ 1,500 is paid for 15 months, i.e. prepaid insurance premium for 3 months = ₹ 300.

2. Reserve for Discount on Debtors = 3% on (Debtors – New Bad debts – New Reserve)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × (40,000 – 900 – 1,000)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × (40,000 – 1,900)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × 38,100
= ₹ 1,143

3. Reserve for Discount on Creditors = 5% on (Value of Creditors)
= \(\frac{5}{100}\) × 25,700
= ₹ 1,285

4. Profit and Loss ratio = Capital ratio = 50,000 : 30,000 = 5 : 3

Question 4.
From the following Trial Balance of M/s Meera and Madhav. Prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as on that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March, 2019

Adjustments:
1. Closing stock is valued at ₹ 32,000.
2. Provide provision for doubtful debts ₹ 2,000.
3. Create a reserve for a discount on debtors @ 3%.
4. Value of leasehold premises on 31st March 2019 ₹ 1,00,000.
5. Outstanding Expenses: Printing & stationery ₹ 500.
Solution:
In the books of M/s Meera and Madhav

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Advertisement expenses written off to Profit and Loss account during the year 2018-19 for six months i.e. from 1/10/18 to 31/03/19.
Advertisement expenses W/off = (Advertisement bill paid) × \(\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{6}{12}\)
= 4,800 × \(\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{6}{12}\)
= ₹ 800.
Prepaid advertisement = 4,800 – 800 = ₹ 4,000.

2. Reserve for Discount on Debtors = 3% (Balance in debtors)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × (80,500 – 2,000)
= \(\frac{3}{100}\) × 78,500
= ₹ 2,355.

3. Difference between the opening balance (₹ 1,10,000) and the closing balance (₹ 1,00,000) for leasehold premises is to be considered as written off on leasehold premises.

Question 5.
Sucheta & Gayatri are partners sharing Profit and Losses in the ratio 3 : 2. From the following Trial Balance and additional information, you are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Stock on 31st March 2019 was valued at ₹ 19,700.
2. Goods costing ₹ 3,000 distributed as a free sample.
3. Motive power includes ₹ 500 paid for deposit of Power Meter.
4. Depreciate building @ 5 %.
5. Write off ₹ 2000 for bad debts and maintain R.D.D. at 3% on debtors.
6. Bills receivable included dishonored of Bill of ₹ 4,000.
Solution:
In the books of Sucheta and Gayatri


Balance Sheet as of 31st March, 2019

Working Notes:
1. Rate of interest on the partner’s loan is not mentioned, therefore interest on the loan is calculated at 6% p.a.
∴ Interest on Sucheta’s Loan = 6,150 × 1 × \(\frac{6}{100}\) = ₹ 369
2. Add dishonored bill amount to debtors amount and then calculate B.D. and R.D.D.
3. Subtract dishonored bill amount from bills receivable amount.

Question 6.
Archana and Prerana are partners, sharing Profits and Losses in the ratio 2 : 1 with the help of the following Trial Balance and Adjustments given below. You are required to prepare a Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and a Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March, 2019

Adjustments:
1. Stock on 31st March 2019 is valued at Cost Price ₹ 12,000 and Market Price ₹ 17,000.
2. Our customer Mr. Shekhar failed to pay his dues of ₹ 800.
3. 1/8th of Patents are to be written off.
4. A part of Furniture ₹ 5,000 is purchased on 1st Oct. 2018.
5. Depreciation on Land & Building 10% and on Furniture 5%.
6. Outstanding Expenses Wages ₹ 300 and Electricity Charges ₹ 200.
7. Allow Interest on Capital 3%.
Solution:
In the books of Archana and Prema


Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Stationery stock is an asset.
2. Depreciation of furniture:

∴ Total Depreciation = 400 + 125 = ₹ 525
3. \(\frac{1}{8}\) patents to be written off = 2,000 × \(\frac{1}{8}\) = ₹ 250.
4. As no other expenses are given, Trade Expense is recorded in Profit and Loss Account.

Question 7.
Satish and Pramod are partners. Prepare Trading Account and Profit and Loss Account for the year 31st March 2019. You have to find out Gross Profit and Net Profit only.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. The Closing stock is valued at ₹ 15,400.
2. Outstanding wages ₹ 500.
3. Create provision for Bad debts ₹ 800 and maintain R.D.D. 3 % on Sundry Debtors.
4. Goods of ₹ 1,800 distributed as a free sample.
5. Goods of ₹ 2,000 were sold and delivered on 31st March 2019 but no entry is passed in the Books of Account.
Solution:
In the books of Satish and Pramod

Working Notes :
1. Here only gross profit and net profit is to find out. Therefore, the Balance Sheet is not prepared.

2. Interest on a 10% bank loan is calculated for 9 months (From 1/7/2018 to 31/3/2019)
I = \(\frac{\mathrm{PRN}}{100}\) = 8,000 × \(\frac{10}{100} \times \frac{9}{12}\) = ₹ 600

3. Goods distributed as free samples is an advertisement expense for business.

4. Sundry Debtors = 40,000
Add: Unrecorded Sales = 2,000
Less: Provision for Bad Debts = 800
Total = 41,200
Less: R.D.D. (New) (3% of 41,200 = 1,236) = 39,964

Question 8.
Nana and Nani are partners in a Partnership Firm sharing Profits and Losses equally. You are required to give effects of Adjustments in Profit & Loss A/c and Balance Sheet with the help of the following information.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Gross profit amounted to ₹ 34,500.
2. Insurance paid for 15 months w.e.f. 1-4-2018.
3. Depreciate Land and Building at 10 % p.a. and Furniture at 5% p.a.
4. Write off ₹ 1,000 for Bad debts and maintain R.D.D. at 5 % on Sundry debtors.
5. Closing stock is valued at ₹ 34,500.
Solution:
In the books of Nana and Nani

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Here, the Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet are to be prepared. Therefore, Trading Account is not prepared. Gross profit (given) is recorded on the Credit side of the Profit and Loss Account.

2. Land and Building

Total Depreciation = ₹ 4,500

3. Interest on 10% bank loan is calculated for 6 months. (From 1/10/2018 to 31/3/2019)
I = \(\frac{\text { PRN }}{100}\)
= 30,000 × \(\frac{10}{100} \times \frac{6}{12}\)
= ₹ 1,500

4. Prepaid insurance = \(\frac{3}{15}\) × (Insurance Amount)
= \(\frac{3}{15}\) × 15,000
= ₹ 3,000

5. RDD = 5% on (Debtors – New Bad debts)
= \(\frac{5}{100}\) × (26,000 – 1,000)
= \(\frac{5}{100}\) × 25,000
= ₹ 1,250

Question 9.
Sun and Moon are partners in a Partnership Firm sharing Profits and Losses equally. You are required to give effects of Adjustments with the help of the following information:
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Partners are entitled to get a salary of ₹ 6,000 p.a. in addition to their profit & loss sharing.
2. Depreciation on Land & Building, Furniture and Machinery @ 10%, 5% and 3% respectively.
3. Interest in Capital 5% p.a.
4. Closing stock ₹ 60,743.
5. Wages included ₹ 1,000 as advance is given to workers.
6. Interest due but not paid ₹ 800.
7. Total net profit amounted to ₹ 38,113.
You are required to prepare the Balance Sheet and Partners Current A/c only.
Solution:
In the books of Sun and Moon

Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019


Working Notes:
1. Depreciation on machinery is calculated for 9 months. (i.e. from 1/7/18 to 31/3/19)
Depreciation = 40,000 × \(\frac{3}{100} \times \frac{9}{12}\) = ₹ 900

2. Interest on 8% debentures, calculated for 6 months. (i.e. from 1/10/18 to 31/3/19)
I = \(\frac{\text { PRN }}{100}\)
= 8,000 × \(\frac{8}{100} \times \frac{6}{12}\)
= ₹ 320

3. Advance given to workers (by firm) ₹ 1,000 is an asset for the firm, so, it is shown on the Assets side.

4. Interest due but not paid is a liability for the firm, so, it is shown on the Liabilities side.

Question 10.
Kshipra and Manisha are partners sharing Profit and Losses in their Capital ratio. You are required to prepare Trading Account and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and a Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019

Adjustments:
1. Stock on 31st March 2019 was at ₹ 37,000.
2. Sales include the sale of machinery of ₹ 2,000, which is sold on 1st April 2018.
3. Depreciation on fixed assets @ 5%
4. Each partner is entitled to get a commission at 1% of Gross profit and interest on Capital 5% p.a.
5. Outstanding Expenses wages ₹ 200 & Salaries ₹ 500.
6. Create provision for Doubtful debts @ 3% on Sundry debtors.
Solution:
In the books of Kshipra and Manisha


Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019

Working Notes:
1. Depreciation on fixed assets means depreciation on Furniture, Plant & Machinery, and Building.

2. Sales includes the sale of Machinery of ₹ 2,000 is subtracted from sales and from Plant & Machinery.
On balance amount of Plant & Machinery ₹ 58,000, calculate 5 % depreciation i.e. 60,000 – 2,000 = ₹ 58,000 × 5% = ₹ 2,900

3. Here on gross profit calculate 1% commission for partners and record it to Profit and Loss A/c and in Current A/cs. Commission payable to each partner = \(\frac{1}{100}\) × Gross profit
= \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 81,700
= ₹ 817.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Marathi Yuvakbharati 12th Digest व्याकरण समास Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Marathi Yuvakbharati Solutions व्याकरण समास

12th Marathi Guide व्याकरण समास Textbook Questions and Answers

कृती

1. अधोरेखित शब्दांमध्ये दडलेले दोन शब्द ओळखून चौकटी पूर्ण करा.

(अ) प्रतिक्षण – [ ]
(आ) राष्ट्रार्पण – [ ]
(इ) योग्यायोग्य – [ ]
(ई) लंबोदर – [ ]
उत्तर :
(अ) प्रतिक्षण – [प्रति] [क्षण]
(अ) राष्ट्रार्पण – [राष्ट्र] [अर्पण]
(अ) योग्यायोग्य – [योग्य] [अयोग्य]
(अ) लंबोदर – [लांब] [उदर]

(अ) प्रतिक्षण → प्रति (प्रत्येक) व क्षण या दोन शब्दांचा एक शब्द केला आहे.
(अ) राष्ट्रार्पण → राष्ट्र व अर्पण या दोन शब्दांचा एक शब्द केला आहे.
(अ) योग्यायोग्य → योग्य व अयोग्य या दोन शब्दांचा एक शब्द केला आहे.
(अ) लंबोदर → लंब व उदर या दोन शब्दांचा एक शब्द केला आहे.

2. अव्ययीभाव समास
खालील वाक्यांतील सामासिक शब्द ओळखून अधोरेखित करा.

प्रश्न 1.
(a) वैभव वर्गातील कोणत्याही तासाला गैरहजर राहत नाही.
(b) नागरिकांनी गरजू विदयार्थ्यांना यथाशक्ती मदत केली.
(c) रस्त्याने चालताना जाहिरातींचे फलक सध्या पावलोपावली दिसतात.
उत्तर :
(a) वैभव वर्गातील कोणत्याही तासाला गैरहजर राहत नाही.
(b) नागरिकांनी गरजू विदयार्थ्यांना यथाशक्ती मदत केली.
(c) रस्त्याने चालताना जाहिरातींचे फलक सध्या पावलोपावली दिसतात.

वरील वाक्यांतील अधोरेखित शब्द हे सामासिक शब्द आहेत.

सामासिकशब्द →

1. गैरहजर
2. यथाशक्ती
3. पावलोपावली.

प्रश्न 2.
खालील तक्ता पूर्ण करा.

उत्तर :

3. तत्पुरुष समास
खालील वाक्यांतील सामासिक शब्द ओळखून अधोरेखित करा.

प्रश्न 1.
(a) मेट्रो रेल्वेचा लोकार्पण सोहळा थाटामाटात पार पडला.
(b) सुप्रभाती तलावात नीलकमल उमललेले दिसले.
(c) शिक्षण प्रक्रियेत पालक, शिक्षक आणि विदयार्थी हा आदर्श त्रिकोण असतो.
उत्तर :
(a) मेट्रो रेल्वेचा लोकार्पण सोहळा थाटामाटात पार पडला.
(b) सुप्रभाती तलावात नीलकमल उमललेले दिसले.
(c) शिक्षण प्रक्रियेत पालक, शिक्षक आणि विदयार्थी हा आदर्श त्रिकोण असतो.

वरील वाक्यांतील अधोरेखित शब्द हे सामासिक शब्द आहेत.
सामासिक शब्द →

1. लोकार्पण
2. नीलकमल
3. त्रिकोण.

प्रश्न 1.
खालील तक्ता पूर्ण करा.

उत्तर :

प्रश्न अ.
विभक्ती तत्पुरुष समास
पुढील उदाहरणांचा अभ्यास करून तक्ता पूर्ण करा.

उत्तर :

प्रश्न आ.
कर्मधारय समास
पुढील वाक्ये अभ्यासून तक्ता पूर्ण करा.
(१) गुप्तहेर वेशांतर करून खऱ्या माहितीचा शोध घेतात.
(२) अतिवृष्टीमुळे ओला दुष्काळ पडला.
(३) काही माणसे केलेल्या कामाचे मानधन घेणे टाळतात.
(४) निळासावळा झरा वाहतो बेटाबेटांतुन.

उत्तर :

प्रश्न इ.
द्विगू समास
खालील वाक्यांतील सामासिक शब्द ओळखून दिलेला तक्ता पूर्ण करा.
(१) सूर्याच्या सोनेरी किरणांनी दशदिशा उजळून निघाल्यात.
(२) नवरात्रात ठिकठिकाणी गरबा नृत्याचे कार्यक्रम चालतात.
(३) सुरेखाला वन्यजीव सप्ताहानिमित्त झालेल्या वक्तृत्व स्पर्धेत प्रथम क्रमांक प्राप्त झाला.

उत्तर :

प्रश्न 2.
तत्पुरुष समासाचे प्रकार ओळखून खालील तक्ता पूर्ण करा.

उत्तर :

4. द्वंद्व समास

प्रश्न 1.
खालील उदाहरणांतील सामासिक शब्द ओळखून अधोरेखित करा.
(a) पतिपत्नी ही संसाररथाची दोन महत्त्वाची चाके आहेत.
(b) योग्य पुरावा उपलब्ध झाला, की खरेखोटे कळतेच.
(c) स्नेहमेळाव्यात मित्रमैत्रिणींच्या गप्पागोष्टी रंगात आल्या.
उत्तर :
(a) पतिपत्नी ही संसाररथाची दोन महत्त्वाची चाके आहेत.
(b) योग्य पुरावा उपलब्ध झाला, की खरेखोटे कळतेच.
(c) स्नेहमेळाव्यात मित्रमैत्रिणींच्या गप्पागोष्टी रंगात आल्या.

प्रश्न 2.
खालील तक्ता पूर्ण करा.

उत्तर :

प्रश्न 3.
खालील तक्ता पूर्ण करा.

उत्तर :

5. बहुव्रीही समास

प्रश्न 1.
खालील उदाहरणे अभ्यासा व त्यातील सामासिक शब्द अधोरेखित करा.
(१) कृष्णा हा माझा सहाध्यायी आहे.
(२) काल रात्री आमच्या परिसरात नीरव शांतता होती.
(३) रावणाला दशमुख असेही संबोधले जाते.
उत्तर :
(१) सहाध्यायी → जो माझ्यासह अध्ययन करतो असा तो → (कृष्णा)
(२) नीरव → अजिबात आवाज जीत नसतो अशी → (शांतता)
(३) दशमुख → दहा मुखे आहेत ज्याला असा तो → (रावण)

प्रश्न 2.
खालील तक्ता पूर्ण करा.

उत्तर :

Marathi Yuvakbharati 12th Digest व्याकरण समास Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
पुढील वाक्ये वाचा व अधोरेखित शब्दांकडे नीट लक्ष दया :
(a) प्रत्येकाने प्रतिक्षण सतर्क असावे.
(b) स्वातंत्र्यवीरांनी आपले तन–मन राष्ट्रार्पण केले.
(c) सज्जन माणूस योग्यायोग्यतेचा निवाडा करतो.
(d) लंबोदर विदयेची देवता आहे.
उत्तर :
(a) प्रतिक्षण
(b) राष्ट्रार्पण
(c) योग्यायोग्यतेचा
(d) लंबोदर

• वरील प्रत्येकी दोन शब्दांतील मधले काही शब्द व विभक्ती प्रत्यय गाळून जोडशब्द तयार केले आहेत.

सामासिक शब्द – विग्रह

• प्रतिक्षण – प्रत्येक क्षणाला
• राष्ट्रार्पण – राष्ट्राला अर्पण
• योग्यायोग्य – योग्य किंवा अयोग्य
• लंबोदर – लंब आहे उदर (पोट) असा तो

समासात कमीत कमी दोन शब्द असतात.
समासातील शब्दांना पद म्हणतात.
पहिला शब्द म्हणजे पहिले पद.
दुसरा शब्द म्हणजे दुसरे पद.
समासातील कोणते पद महत्त्वाचे किंवा प्रधान आहे, यावरून समासाचे प्रकार ठरतात.

महत्त्वाचे पद म्हणजे प्रधान पद (+)
कमी महत्त्वाचे पद म्हणजे गौण पद (-)

पहिले पद दुसरे पद समासाचा प्रकार

• प्रधान गौण = अव्ययीभाव समास (+–) (प्रतिक्षण)
• गौण प्रधान = तत्पुरुष समास (– +) (राष्ट्रार्पण)
• प्रधान प्रधान = वंद्व समास (++) (योग्यायोग्य)
• गौण गौण = बहुव्रीही समास (––) (लंबोदर)

अव्ययीभाव समास

• या सामासिक शब्दांतील पहिले पद हे महत्त्वाचे आहे व संपूर्ण शब्द वाक्यात क्रियाविशेषण अव्ययाचे कार्य करतो.

आ, प्रति, यथा इत्यादी संस्कृत उपसर्ग आणि दर, बिन, बे यांसारखे फारशी उपसर्ग यांच्या साहाय्याने अव्ययीभाव समासातले सामासिक शब्द तयार होतात. तसेच, काही मराठी शब्दांची द्विरुक्ती होऊनही काही सामासिक शब्द तयार होतात. उदा., पुढील शब्द पाहा.

आणखी काही सामासिक शब्द [अव्ययीभाव समास] :

• आजन्म
• आमरण
• प्रतिदिन
• यथावकाश
• यथाक्रम
• बिनधास्त
• बिनचूक
• दरसाल
• दररोज
• बेपर्वा
• दारोदारी
• गावोगाव
• दिवसेंदिवस
• गल्लोगल्ली
• जागोजागी
• बेशिस्त

तत्पुरुष समास

• या सामासिक शब्दांतील दुसरे पद हे महत्त्वाचे आहे.

म्हणून,

तत्पुरुष समासाच्या तीन उपप्रकारांचा अभ्यास करू या :

• विभक्ती तत्पुरुष
• कर्मधारय
• द्विगू.

विभक्ती तत्पुरुष :
विभक्ती तत्पुरुष समासातील सामासिक शब्दात विभक्ती प्रत्यय किंवा शब्दयोगी अव्यय गाळलेले असते.

उदा.,

• क्रीडेसाठी अंगण → क्रीडांगण
• विदयेचे आलय → विदयालय

वरील पहिल्या उदाहरणात ‘साठी’ हे शब्दयोगी अव्यय तर दुसऱ्या उदाहरणात ‘चे’ हा विभक्तिप्रत्यय गाळला आहे.

म्हणून,

काही विभक्ती तत्पुरुष समासाचे सामासिक शब्द :

• ईश्वरनिर्मित
• गुणहीन
• तोंडपाठ
• मतिमंद
• लोकप्रिय
• देवघर
• वसतिगृह
• दुःखमुक्त
• आम्रवृक्ष
• कार्यक्रम
• गणेश
• दीनानाथ
• मन:स्थिती
• मोरपीस
• वातावरण
• स्वभाव
• सूर्योदय
• हिमालय
• ज्ञानेश्वर
• स्वाभिमान
• घरकाम
• स्वर्गवास
• वनमाला
• सिंहगर्जना

कर्मधारय समास :

प्रश्न 1.
पुढील सामासिक शब्द नीट अभ्यासा :
(a) अमृतवाणी→ दोन्ही पदे ‘प्रथमा’ विभक्तीत
(b) नीलकमल → पहिले पद विशेषण व दुसरे नाम
(c) घननीळ → दुसरे पद विशेषण व पहिले नाम
(d) नरसिंह → पहिले पद उपमेय व दुसरे उपमान
(e) कमलनयन → पहिले पद उपमान व दुसरे उपमेय
(f) मातृभूमी → दोन्ही पदे एकरूप
(g) शुभ्रधवल → दोन्ही पदे विशेषणे.
उत्तर :
(a) अमृतवाणी → अमृतासारखी वाणी
(b) नीलकमल → निळे असे कमळ
(c) घननीळ → निळा असा घन
(d) नरसिंह → सिंहासारखा नर
(e) कमलनयन → कमलासारखे डोळे
(f) मातृभूमी → भूमी हीच माता.

कर्मधारय समासाचे काही सामासिक शब्द :

• मुखचंद्रमा
• श्यामसुंदर
• कृष्णविवर
• विदयाधन
• दीर्घकाळ
• महादेव
• भारतमाता
• महर्षी
• महाराष्ट्र
• सुदैव
• ज्ञानामृत
• महाराज
• महात्मा
• पांढराशुभ्र
• तपोधन
• गुणिजन

द्विगू समास :

प्रश्न 1.
पुढील वाक्यांतील सामासिक शब्द ओळखून दिलेला तक्ता पूर्ण करा :
(a) सूर्याच्या सोनेरी किरणांनी दशदिशा उजळून निघाल्यात.
(b) नवरात्रात ठिकठिकाणी गरबा नृत्याचे कार्यक्रम चालतात.
(c) सुरेखाला वन्यजीव सप्ताहानिमित्त झालेल्या वक्तृत्व स्पर्धेत प्रथम क्रमांक प्राप्त झाला.
उत्तर :
(a) दशदिशा = दश + दिशा → पहिले पद संख्याविशेषण
(b) नवरात्र = नऊ + रात्र → पहिले पद संख्याविशेषण
(c) सप्ताह = सप्त + आह → पहिले पद संख्याविशेषण

द्विगू समासाचे काही सामासिक शब्द :

• द्विदल
• त्रिखंड
• त्रिकोण
• त्रिभुवन
• चौकोन
• पंचगंगा
• षट्कोन
• षण्मास
• सप्तसिंधू
• सप्तस्वर्ग
• सप्तपदी
• पंचारती
• पंचपाळे
• अष्टकोन
• आठवडा
• दशदिशा

वंद्व समास

सामासिक शब्दाच्या विग्रहावरून वंद्व समासाचे तीन प्रकार पडतात :

• इतरेतर द्वंद्व
• वैकल्पिक द्वंद्व
• समाहार वंद्व.

इतरेतर द्वंद्व समास :

प्रश्न 1.
पुढील वाक्ये वाचा व अधोरेखित शब्दांकडे नीट लक्ष या :
(a) आईवडील ही घरातील दैवते आहेत.
(b) भाऊबहीण दोघेही एकाच महाविदयालयात आहेत.
उत्तर :
(a) आईवडील → आई आणि वडील.
(b) भाऊबहीण → भाऊ व बहीण.

बह्वीही समासाचे काही सामासिक शब्द :

• लंबोदर
• गजानन
• नीलकंठ
• भालचंद्र
• अष्टभुजा
• अनाथ
• दशानन
• निर्धन
• पंचमुखी
• कमलनयन
• अभंग
• निबल