Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry Notes Chapter 4 Chemical Thermodynamics

By going through these Maharashtra State Board 12th Science Chemistry Notes Chapter 4 Chemical Thermodynamics students can recall all the concepts quickly.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Chemistry Notes Chapter 4 Chemical Thermodynamics

→ W = -P (V₂ – V₁) = -PΔV (For expansion)

→ W = P (V₂ – V₁) = PΔV (For compression)

→ W_max = -2.303 nRT log₁₀ \(\frac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}\)

→ W_max= -2.303 nRT log₁₀ \(\frac{P_{1}}{P_{2}}\)

→ ΔU = q + W

→ H = U + PV

→ ΔH = ΔU + PΔV

→ ΔH = ΔU + ΔnRT

→ Hess’s law : ΔH = ΔH₁ + ΔH₂ + ΔH₃

→ ΔS = \(\frac{q_{\mathrm{rev}}}{T}=\frac{\Delta H}{T}\)

→ G = H – TS

→ ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

→ ΔG°= – 2.303 RTlog₁₀K

→ (i) ΔG = 0, the system is at equilibrium
(ii) ΔG < 0, the process is spontaneous
(iii) ΔG > 0, the process is non-spontaneous.