By going through these Maharashtra State Board 12th Science Chemistry Notes Chapter 8 Transition and Inner Transition Elements students can recall all the concepts quickly.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Chemistry Notes Chapter 8 Transition and Inner Transition Elements

d – Series :

  • 3d-Series : 21Sc to 30Zn
  • 4d-Series: 39Y to 48Cd
  • 5d-Series : 57La to 80Hg
  • 5d-Series : 89Ac to 112Cn

Electronic Configuration :

  • 3d-Series: [Ar] 3d1-10 4s1-2
  • 4d-Series:[Kr] 4d1-10 5s1-2
  • 5d-Series: [Xe] 4f14 5d1-10 6s1-2
  • 6d- Series: [Rn] 5f14 6d1-10 7s1-2
Electronic configuration Expected Observed
(i) 24Cr
(ii) 29Cu
[Ar] 3d44y2
[Ar] 3d9 As2
[Ar] 3d5 As1
[Ar] 3d10 As1

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry Notes Chapter 8 Transition and Inner Transition Elements

For 3d-Series :

  • Atomic radii decrease from Sc to Cu
  • Ionic radii decrease from Sc to Ni
  • First ionisation enthalpy increases from Sc to Zn.

Transition elements show variable oxidation states common being + 2.

1 Bohr Magneton (B.M) = \(\frac{e h}{4 \pi m_{\mathrm{e}} c}\)

Spin only formula : \(\mu=\sqrt{n(n+2)}\)

KMnO4

Preparation from MnO2
Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry Notes Chapter 8 Transition and Inner Transition Elements 2
Strong oxidising agent

  • in acidic medium
  • in neutral or weakly alkaline medium

K2Cr2O7 :

Preparation from chromite ore :
Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry Notes Chapter 8 Transition and Inner Transition Elements 3

Metallurgy :

1. Metal extraction processes –

  • Pyrometallurgy
  • Hydrometallurgy
  • Electrometallurgy

2. Steps involved in the extraction of pure metal-

  • Concentration
  • Conversion of an ore into oxides
  • Reduction of an ore
  • Refining of metals

3. Extraction of iron from haematite ore by Blast furnace

Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry Notes Chapter 8 Transition and Inner Transition Elements

f-Block elements :

Lanthanoids : 5 8Ce to 7 1Lu
Actinoids : 9 0Th to 1 0 3Lr

Electronic configuration :

Lanthanoids : [Xe] 4f1-14 5d0-1 6s2
Actinoids : [Rn] 5f1-14 6d0-1 7s2

Position in periodic table :

f-Block elements Group Period
Lanthanoids 3 6
Actinoids 3 7

Lanthanoid contraction, Actinoid contraction