By going through these Maharashtra State Board Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 1 Population Part 1 students can recall all the concepts quickly.

## Maharashtra State Board 12th Geography Notes Chapter 1 Population Part 1

→ Population Geography is a branch of Human Geography.

→ In this branch, we study quantitative and qualitative composition of population, how population influences the economy and development and much more.

→ The distribution of population in the world is uneven.

→ Asia has 30% landmass and supports 60% of the world’s population.

→ Number of people living in a unit area is called density of population.

→ Density of population = $$\frac{\text { Total population }}{\text { Total area (sq. km) }}$$

Components of population change:

→ People from one region differ from another region. They can be distinguished from one another on the basis of age, sex, place of residence, occupation and life expectancy.
Population growth :

→ Population growth is the change in number of inhabitants of a territory during specific period of time.

→ Growth of population can be expressed either in terms of absolute number or in percentage.

→ Change of population is an economic indicator of development and social upliftment.

→ Birth rate (BR), Death rate (DR) and Migration are three components of change of population.

Crude birth rate:

Number of live births in a year per thousand population is known as crude birth rate (CBR).
CBR = $$\frac{\text { Total number of live births in a year }}{\text { Total population in that year }}$$ × 1000

Crude death rate

→ Number of deaths in particular year per 1000 population is known as crude death rate.
CDR =$$\frac{\text { Total number of deaths in a year }}{\text { Total population in that year }}$$ × 1000

→ Population growth in any region occurs not only by increasing birth rate but also because of decreasing death rate

The Theory of Demographic Transition:

→ No country experiences the same rate of growth or decline of population.

→ Population growth or decline changes with the economic development, tendencies of birth rate and death rate.

→ The theory of demographic transition is based on the population trends of a country with time.

→ Any country passes through different stages of population growth.

Stages of Population Growth :

Stage 1 High stationary stage :

• High birth and death rates
• Stable population
• Poor financial position
• People engage in primary activities like agriculture
• Limited educational opportunities
• Big families
• Poor science and technological development
• Poor sanitation facilities, malnutrition and high death rate.

Stage 2 Early expanding stage

• Development of medical and health care services
• Control and combat diseases
• Reduction in mortality rate
• Constant birth rates
• Rapidly growing population
• Efforts to control population
• Increase in agricultural and industrial production.

Stage 3 Late expanding stage

• Decreasing death rates
• Decreasing birth rates
• Reduction in population
• Income of the people is slightly above subsistence level
• Slight increase in the standard of living hence, decreasing poverty
• Rise in technological growth
• Expansion of secondary and tertiary activities
• Increased education facilities, awareness of family planning

Stage 4 Low stationary stage

• Decrease in birth rate
• High standard of living
• Improved economic condition of the country
• Improved economic status of the people
• Increased engagement in secondary and tertiary activities
• Better medical facilitates, hence, low death rates
• Epidemics under control
• Health-conscious

Stage 5 Declining stage

• Equal birth rate and death rate
• Minimum population growth and negative in some countries
• Reduced population due to higher mortality
• Percentage of children is lower than elders
• Most of the country’s income comes from tertiary activities
• Best quality education and health facilities
• Healthy environment and pleasant life