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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 2 The Sun, the Moon and the Earth Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 2 The Sun, the Moon and the Earth

Class 7 Geography Chapter 2 The Sun, the Moon and the Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Correct the wrong statements. Write down the corrected ones.

Question 1.
The moon revolves around the sun.
Answer:
Wrong – The moon revolves around the earth.

Question 2.
On a full moon day, the moon, the sun and the earth are positioned in this sequence.
Answer:
Wrong – On a full moon day, the sun, the earth and the moon are positioned in this sequence.

Question 3.
The revolutionary orbits of the earth and the moon are in the same plane.
Answer:
Wrong – The revolutionary orbits of the earth and the moon are not in the same plane. The moon’s revolutionary orbit makes an angle of about 5° with that the earth.

Question 4.
In one revolution of the moon, its orbit intersects the earth’s orbit only once.
Answer:
Wrong – In one revolution of the moon, its orbit intersects the earth’s orbit twice.

Question 5.
It is alright to observe a solar eclipse without protecting the eyes.
Answer:
Wrong – It is necessary to view the sun disc through dark glasses or through special goggles made for that purpose, otherwise the intense light of the sun can be harmful to the naked eye.

Question 6.
An annular solar eclipse occurs when the moon is in the perigee position.
Answer:
Wrong – An annular solar eclipse occurs when the moon is in the apogee position.

2. Select the correct option.

Question 1.
Solar eclipse

Answer:
(b)

Question 2.
The shape of sun disc at the time of annular solar eclipse.

Answer:
(a)

Question 3.
Apogee position of the moon.

Answer:
(c)

3. Complete the following table.

Answer:

4. Draw and label the diagrams.

Question 1.
Total and partial solar eclipse:
Answer:

Question 2.
Total and partial lunar eclipse:
Answer:

5. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Why do the sun, the moon and the earth not lie in one and the same line on every full moon and new moon day?
Answer:
(i) The orbital path of the earth and that of moon are not in the same plane.
(i) The moon’s revolutionary orbit makes an angle of about 5° with that of the earth.
(iii) On each new moon day, the lines joining the earth and the sun and the moon make an angle of 0° whereas on each full moon day, this angle is 180°.
(iv) So, the sun, the earth and the moon may not be in one straight line in the same plane on every new moon or full moon day.

Question 2.
When a total solar eclipse occurs why is the partial eclipse also seen from the earth?
Answer:
(i) On a new moon day if the sun, the moon & the earth fall in one line & are in the same plane, the shadow of the moon falls on the earth
(ii) This shadow is of two types – the central portion of the shadow is darker & the periphery is light.
(iii) In the area where the dark shadow falls, the sun becomes completely invisible. Such an area experiences a total solar eclipse.
(iv) However during the same period, at the places where the shadow is lighter, the sun disc appears partially covered. Such an area experience partial solar eclipse. Thus when a total solar eclipse occurs a partial eclipse is also seen from the earth.

Question 3.
Suggest measures that can be taken to eradicate the superstitions related to the eclipses.
Answer:
The following measures can be taken to eradicate superstition related to eclipses:

• Use of media to create awareness.
• Parental guidance to help think logically.
• Teachers guidance to help students develop a scientific outlook.
• Campaigns, public meetings and lectures especially in rural areas to eradicate superstitions.

Question 4.
What precautions should we take while observing a solar eclipse?
Answer:
The precautions to be taken while observing a solar eclipse are:

• We should not observe a solar eclipse with naked eyes as the intense light of the sun can harm them.
• We must use dark glasses or goggles that are specially designed for viewing the solar eclipse.

Question 5.
What types of Solar eclipses will occur in perigee conditions?
Answer:
Total and Partial solar eclipse will occur in perigee condition.
(1) Total solar eclipse :

• On a new moon day, the sun, the moon the earth are in a straight line & the shadow of the moon falls on the earth
• The area of dark shadow falls on the earth, the sun becomes completely invisible. This condition is known as total solar eclipse.

(2) Partial solar eclipse:

• However during the same period at places where the shadow is lighter, the sun disc appears partially covered,
• This condition is described as partial solar eclipse.

Activities:

1. Collect paper cuttings about eclipses and paste them in a notebook.
2. Write a note on an eclipse that you have seen.
3. Using the internet, ‘Panchanga’ and calendar collect information about the eclipses that are likely to occur this year.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 2 The Sun, the Moon and the Earth InText Questions and Answers

Use your brain power:

Question 1.
On the day of solar eclipse, in which part of the earth will it not be seen?
Answer:
Solar eclipse will not be seen where there is night.

Question 2.
Can we see total and annular solar eclipses on the same occasion?
Answer:
No, total and annular solar eclipses cannot be seen on the same occasion.

Question 3.
Why is an annular lunar eclipse not seen?
Answer:
An annular lunar eclipse cannot be seen because:

• The size of the earth is bigger than that of the moon.
• As compared to the sun, the moon is close to the earth.
• Therefore, it is not possible that a dark shadow of the earth is cast in space & does not reach the moon.

Question 4.
Which eclipses will you see from the moon?
Answer:
Solar eclipses can be seen from the moon.

Question 5.
Why are solar eclipses caused by the other planets not seen from the earth?
Answer:
(i) A Solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes in between the sun & the earth & all of them are in the same plane & fall in one line on a new moon day.
(ii) Similarly, when Venus & Mercury come in between the earth & the sun, they make a small speck against the surface of the sun as they are too far away.
(iii) The other planets have orbits outside the earth’s & cannot fall in line between the earth & the sun.
(iv) Hence, the solar eclipse caused by other planets are not seen from the earth.

Think about it:

Question 1.
Figure shows positions of the moon as seen from the space and as seen from the earth. How will you identify which are which?

Answer:
Half of the moon’s portion is illuminated by the sun, and the other half remains dark. However, only some part of this illuminated portion of the moon can be seen from the earth. The position of the moon from the Earth is as follows:

• New moon
• Waxing crescent
• 1st Quarter
• Waxing Gibbous
• Full moon
• Waning Gibbous
• Last quarter
• Waning crescent

Question 2.
Like sunlight and moonlight, is there anything called the earth light? If yes, where do you think it is found?
Answer:
Yes, Earthlight is the partial illumination of the dark portion of the moon’s surface by light reflected from the earth’s airglow.

Question 3.
When solar eclipses do not occur on a new moon day, does it mean that the moon does not have any shadow at all?
Answer:
The moon casts a shadow on every new moon day, but solar eclipse occurs only when the moon’s shadow falls on the earth.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 2 The Sun, the Moon and the Earth Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct options from the brackets:

Question 1.
The shape of the moon’s orbit is _________. (round, elliptical, square)
Answer:
elliptical

Question 2.
The moon has _____ and ______ motions. (axial, orbital, elliptical)
Answer:
axial, orbital

Question 3.
When the moon is closest to the earth it is said to be in ________. (apogee, perigee, orbit)
Answer:
perigee

Question 4.
When the moon is farthest to the earth it is said to be in ______. (apogee, perigee, arial)
(round, elliptical, square)
Answer:
apogee

Question 5.
Solar Eclipse occurs on the _______ day. (full moon, new moon, quarter moon)
Answer:
new moon

Question 6.
Lunar Eclipse occurs on the ______ day. (full moon, new moon, quarter)
Answer:
full moon

Question 7.
_______ solar eclipse is a rare phenomenon. (Total, Partial, Annular)
Answer:
Annular

Question 8.
When the shadow of the moon on the central portion of the earth is darker while the periphery is lighter it is known as a _______ solar eclipse.
(partial, total, lunar)
Answer:
total

Question 9.
When the shadow of the moon on the central portion of the earth is lighter and the sun disc appears to be partially covered, it is known _________ solar eclipse.
(total, partial, solar)
Answer:
partial

Question 10.
The moon is ________ when the earth, the moon and the sun make an angle of 90°. (full, semicircular, crescent)
Answer:
semicircular

Question 11.
Occultation occurs with reference to the _____. (sun, moon, earth)
Answer:
moon

Question 12.
Transit is associated with the _______ .(sun, moon, earth)
Answer:
sun

Question 13.
During the period of _______ eclipse, a large number of birds and animals get confused. (solar, lunar, annular)
Answer:
solar

Correct the wrong statements. Write down the correct ones:

Question 1.
When the moon is closest to the earth it is said to be in apogee and when it is the farthest, the position is called perigee.
Answer:
Wrong – When the moon is closest to the earth it is said to be in perigee and when it is the farthest, the position is called apogee.

Question 2.
The moon wanes from the new moon day to the full moon day and waxes from the full moon to the new moon day.
Answer:
Wrong – The moon waxes from the new moon day to the full moon day and wanes from the full moon to the new moon day.

Select the correct options:

Question 1.

Answer:
(c)

Question 2.

Answer:
(c)

Complete the following table:

Question 1.

Answer:

Name the following:
Question 1.
Motions of the moon.
Answer:
Axial and orbital motion.

Question 2.
Types of solar eclipse.
Answer:
Total solar eclipse, Partial solar eclipse, Annular solar eclipse.

Question 3.
Types of lunar eclipse.
Answer:
Total lunar eclipse and Partial lunar eclipse.

Question 4.
Eclipse that confuses animals and birds.
Answer:
Solar eclipse.

Question 5.
An example of occultation.
Answer:
Total solar eclipse.

Question 6.
The event of the occurrence of solar eclipse or lunar eclipse.
Answer:
Astronomical event.

Define the following:

Question 1.
Perigee:
Answer:
When the moon is the closest to the earth in its orbit, it is perigee.

Question 2.
Apogee:
Answer:
When the moon is at the farthest from the earth in its orbit, it is apogee.

Question 3.
Occultation:
Answer:
The moon revolves around the earth. While doing so, it obscures1 a star or a planet and that celestial2 body appears to hide behind the moon. This is called occultation.

Question 4.
Transit:
Answer:
If an inner planet like Mercury or Venus comes in between the line of the earth and the sun, a transit occurs. At that time a small dot appears to move across the sun’s disc.

Question 5.
Phases of the moon:
Answer:
The illuminated portion of the moon disc observed from the earth that keeps on changing every day within a lunar month are called the phases of the moon.

Question 6.
Solar Eclipse:
Answer:
If the moon comes between the earth and the sun in a straight line on new moon day, the shadow of the moon falls on the earth and the sun becomes totally or partially invisible in the shadow zone. This phenomenon is called the solar eclipse.

Question 7.
Lunar Eclipse:
Answer:
On a full moon day, the . moon’s path of revolution passes through the thick shadow of the earth and the moon becomes totally or partially invisible. This phenomenon is called lunar eclipse.

Question 8.
Annular Solar eclipse
Answer:
Sometimes when the moon is in apogee position, a deep shadow of the moon is cast in space & does not reach the earth. From a very small region of the earth, only an illuminated edge of the sun disc is seen in the form of a ring. This is called annular solar eclipse.

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the period of waxing moon?
Answer:
The period of waxing moon is the fortnight from new moon to full moon in which the illuminated part of the moon from the earth keeps on increasing (waxing)

Question 2.
What is the period of waning moon?
Answer:
The period of waning moon is the fortnight from full moon to new moon in which the illuminated part of the moon seen from the earth keeps on decreasing (waning)

Question 3.
Why can we see the phases of the moon from the earth?
Answer:
We can see the phases of the moon from the earth due to the sunlight reflected from the moon.

Question 4.
When does the moon appear semi-circular in shape in the sky?
Answer:
On the first and the third quarter days, the moon, the earth & the sun make an angle of 90° due to which we see half the portion of the illuminated moon in a semi-circular shape in the sky.

Question 5.
What types of solar eclipses occur in perigee position?
Answer:
Total & Partial Solar eclipses occur in perigee position.

Question 6.
When does a lunar eclipse occur?
Answer:
A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon enters the shadow of the earth while revolving around it.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
We constantly see only one and the same side of the moon.
Answer:

• The time, the moon takes to make one revolution around the earth and one rotation around itself is the same.
• As the axial and the orbital motions of the moon are almost of the same duration, only one, the same side of the moon faces the earth.
• Therefore, we constantly see only one and the same side of the moon.

Question 2.
The distance between the moon and the earth keeps on changing.
Answer:

• The moon’s orbit of the revolution is elliptical to that of the earth.
• Hence the distance of the moon from the earth is not the same everywhere along its orbit while revolving.
• When it is the closest to the earth it is said to be in perigee and when it is at the farthest, the position is called apogee.

Question 3.
Eclipses do not occur on each new moon or full moon day.
Answer:

• The orbital path of the earth and that of the moon are not in the same plane.
• The moon’s revolutionary orbit makes an angle of about 5° with that of the earth.
• So, the sun, the earth and the moon may not be in one straight line in the same plane on every new moon or full moon day.
• Hence, eclipses do not occur on each new moon or full moon day.

Question 4.
The Annular solar eclipse is rarely seen.
Answer:
The Annular solar eclipse is rarely seen because

• The moon is in apogee position.
• The deep shadow of the moon is cast in space and does not reach the earth.
• From a very small region of the earth, only an illuminated edge of the sun disc is seen in the form of a ring.

Question 5.
Birds and animals are confused during the solar eclipse.
Answer:
Birds and animals are confused during the solar eclipse because –

• Untimely darkness sets in.
• The event does not suit their biological clock.
• Their response to the event is also unusual.

Question 6.
On the first and third quarter days, the moon appears semicircular in shape.
Answer:

• On the first and third quarter days, the moon, the earth and the sun make an angle of 90°
• At these positions, we see half the portion of an illuminated moon.
• Hence, in the sky, the moon appears semi-circular in shape.

Answer the following:

Question 1.
What precautions should we take while observing a solar eclipse?
Answer:
The precautions to be taken while observing a solar eclipse are:

• We should not observe a solar eclipse with naked eyes as the intense light of the sun can harm them.
• We must use dark glasses or goggles that are specially designed for viewing the solar eclipse.

Question 2.
What types of Solar eclipses will occur in perigee condition?
Answer:
Total and Partial solar eclipse will occur in perigee condition.
(i) Total solar eclipse :

• On a new moon day, the sun, the moon the earth are in a straight line & the shadow of the moon falls on the earth
• The area of dark shadow falls on the earth, the sun becomes completely invisible. This condition is known as total solar eclipse.

(ii) Partial solar eclipse:

• However during the same period at places where the shadow is lighter, the sun disc appears partially covered,
• This condition is described as partial solar eclipse.

Question 3.
How are lunar eclipses formed?
Answer:
(i) A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon enters the shadow of the earth while revolving around it.
(ii) On a full moon day if the sun, the earth & the moon, are in a straight line, the orbital path of the moon passes through the dark shadow of the earth.
(iii) If the moon is totally hidden within the shadow, a total lunar eclipse is seen & if only a part of the moon is in the shadow, a partial lunar eclipse is seen.

Write short notes on:

Question 1.
Characteristics of solar eclipse.
Answer:

• A solar eclipse occurs on a new moon day, but not on every new moon day.
• If and only if, the sun, the moon and the earth are in the same plane and fall in one line, the solar eclipses occur.
• The maximum duration of a total solar eclipse is 7 minutes and 20 seconds Question 40 seconds).

Question 2.
Characteristics of lunar eclipse.
Answer:

• A lunar eclipse occurs on a full moon day, but not on every full moon day.
• A lunar eclipse occurs if and only if the sun, the moon and the earth are in the same plane and fall in one line.
• The maximum duration of a total lunar eclipse is 107 minutes.

Question 3.
Occupation.
Answer:

• This is a typical event occurring in space.
• The moon revolves around the earth, while doing so, it obscures a star or a planet and that celestial body appears to hide behind the moon. This is called occultation.

Question 4.
What is a Transit?
Answer:

• If an inner planet like a Mercury or Venus comes in between the line of the earth and the sun, a transit occurs.
• At that time, a small dot appears to move across the sun’s disc.
• Transit is a type of solar eclipse.

Distinguish between the following:

Question 1.
Solar eclipse and Lunar eclipse :
Answer:

Question 2.
Total Solar eclipse and Annular Solar eclipse.
Answer:

Draw and label the diagrams:

Question 1.
Moon’s Positions:
Answer:

Question 2.
Angle between the planes of orbit.
Answer:

Question 3.
Consider the relative positions of the sun, the moon, and the earth on the new moon day and both the quarters. What will be the angle between the lines joining the earth and the moon as well as the earth and the sun? How many times will this angle be formed in a month?
Answer:
The angle between the lines joining the earth and the moon as well as the earth and the sun is 90°. This angle will be formed twice a month.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Political Science Solutions Chapter 3 India’s Defence System Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Political Science Solutions Chapter 3 India’s Defence System

Class 9 Political Science Chapter 3 India’s Defence System Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Choose the right option and rewrite the sentence:

Question 1.
The ______ of India is the Commander-in-Chief of all the Defence forces.
(a) President
(b) Prime Minister
(c) Defence Minister
(d) Governor
Answer:
(a) President

Question 2.
The ______ has the responsibility of protecting the coastline.
(a) Army
(b) Coast guard
(c) Border Security Force
(d) Rapid Action Force
Answer:
(b) Coast guard

Question 3.
The _______ has been established with the purpose of instilling among students the love of discipline and military training.
(a) Border Security Forces (BSF)
(b) Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
(c) National Cadet Corps (NCC)
(d) Rapid Action Force (RAF)
Answer:
(c) National Cadet Corps (NCC)

2. Explain with reasons whether the following statements are true or false:

Question 1.
It is necessary to end terrorism to ensure human security.
Answer:
True.

• The biggest challenge to human security is that of terrorism.
• Terrorism targets common, innocent people.
• It aims at creating terror or fear in their minds, so that they begin to feel insecure.
• Thus, in order to protect human security, it is necessary to put an end to terrorism.

Question 2.
Every nation creates a strong security system for itself.
Answer:
True.

• National Security is closely connected with geography because national security is more likely to be endangered by nations who are geographically closer.
• A nation must assess the threat to its geographical boundaries and the source of that threat.
• In order to keep this threat at bay, the nation has to increase its military might.
• The nation has to use modem technology to predict the threat, to build weapon systems and modernize and update the defence forces.

Question 3.
There are no issues of dispute between India and Pakistan.
Answer:
False.

• There are several disputes between India and Pakistan. For example, the Kashmir issue, disputes over river water sharing, the problem of infiltrations, dispute over the border, etc.
• India has continually tried to solve these issues through discussion and negotiations

3. Write short notes:

Question 1.
The functions of the Rapid Action Force
Answer:
The Rapid Action Force performs the task of bringing people’s lives to normalcy by moving in quickly in incidents of the threat to National Security such as bomb blasts or riots.

Question 2.
Human Security
Answer:
(i) In the Post – Cold War period, the concept of National Security changed and became broader. National Security is not just the security of the country but also of the people living in it, because security is ultimately for the people.

(ii) Hence; human security refers to human-centric thinking. In human security, it is expected that human beings should be protected from all sorts of dangers and they should be given the opportunities of education, health and development.

(iii) The concept of human security also includes the idea that a conducive environment should be created for everybody to live a respectable life by overcoming illiteracy, poverty, superstition, backwardness, etc. Human security necessitates the protection of the rights of minorities and weaker sections

Question 3.
Home Guards
Answer:
(i) This organisation was established in the pre-independence period. Citizens can join the Home Guards and assist in the defence of the country.

(ii) Any citizen, man or woman, between the age of 20 and 35 years can join the Home Guards.

(iii) This force has the following tasks: Maintain public security, supply of milk, water and other essential services during riots or strikes, to regulate traffic, to help people at the time of natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, etc.

4. Give your own opinion about:

Question 1.
Which of the forces related to India’s security would you like to join? Why?
Answer:
(i) If given a chance I would like to join the Indian Army.

(ii) India is surrounded by neighbours like Pakistan and China which have posed many threats to India’s territorial security through infiltration and cross-border terrorism.

(iii) The Arfny is thus the most challenging place to be, where service to protect the motherland would be valued the most.

(iv) The determination, discipline and patriotism which are intrinsic virtues of the Indian Army have always inspired me to do my bit for the nation.

(v) The training for physical fitness and the skills of various war operations can be best received through the Indian Army.

(vi) For these reasons I hold the Indian Army as the most sought after career and the ultimate destination of my life.

Question 2.
Give your views on the policy ‘Atoms for Peace’.
Answer:
(i) US nuclear policies had failed to prevent further nuclear proliferation, fuelled the arms race, suppressed the humanitarian benefits of civil nuclear technology and badly affected the development of the US nuclear industry.

(ii) In his “Atoms for Peace” speech of 1953, President Dwight D. Eisenhower captured the tensions and the ironies of the atomic age.

(iii) Eisenhower believed only nuclear preparedness offered protection; while nuclear weapons lead to war. Nuclear power offered progress and hope.

(iv) However, the motives behind Atoms for Peace extended beyond non-proliferation, arms control, and economic interests.

(v) Objective of the Eisenhower Administration was to set USA advantageously against USSR.

(vi) He envisaged to permit privatization and commercialization of fuel technologies, cooperation with foreign partners, and international nuclear commerce.

(vii) Ultimately, Atoms for Peace yielded billions of dollars in civil nuclear commerce for the US economy.

(viii) Atoms for Peace provided political cover for the biggest nuclear arms build-up in US history, and helped fuel the Cold War arms race.

5. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
What are the threats to National Security?
Answer:
(i) India’s security is not only threatened by outside powers, but also from within. It is not just the difference between external security and internal security that is important anymore.

(ii) Religion, regionalism, several rebellious movements based on ideology, race-ethnicity and economic inequality are creating instability. For example, the Naxalite movement is a threat to India’s internal security.

Question 2.
Write the functions of the Border Security Force.
Answer:
The Border Security Force performs tasks like:

• creating a sense of security in the minds of people living in areas near the border,
• preventing smuggling,
• patrolling the border, etc.

6. Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the table about security forces:

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Class 9 Political Science Chapter 3 India’s Defence System Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option from the given options and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
The ______ forces are responsible for protection and security of important locations.
(a) Paramilitary Forces
(b) Research and Analysis Wing
(c) Central Bureau of Investigation
(d) Interpol
Answer:
(a) Paramilitary Forces

Question 2.
The Air Force is in charge of protecting India’s ______.
(a) Borders
(b) Coastline
(c) Airspace
(d) Mineral Resources
Answer:
(c) Airspace

Question 3.
The Indian Army is the world’s ____ largest army.
(a) Second
(b) Fifth
(c) Seventh
(d) Third
Answer:
(c) Seventh

Question 4.
The Chief of Navy is known as ________.
(a) Admiral
(b) General
(c) Marshall
(d) Brigadier
Answer:
(a) Admiral

Question 5.
The National Defence Academy is at ______.
(a) Pune
(b) Dehradun
(c) Mumbai
(d) Delhi
Answer:
(a) Pune

Question 6.
_______ are neither completely military forces nor completely civil forces.
(a) Border Security Forces
(b) Paramilitary Forces
(c) Coast Guards
(d) Home Guards
Answer:
(b) Paramilitary Forces

Question 7.
The biggest challenge to human security is that of ______.
(а) Pollution
(b) Terrorism
(c) Natural calamities
(d) Corruption
Answer:
(b) Terrorism

State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons:

Question 1.
Naxalite Movement is a threat to India’s internal security.
Answer:
True.

• India’s security is not only threatened by outside powers but also from within.
• It is not just the difference between external security and internal security that is important anymore.
• Example naxalite movement is a threat to internal security.

Question 2.
There are no training institutes in our country for military personnel.
Answer:
False.

• Many training institutes have been set up in our country.
• To train military personnel, so that they can perform their task.
• Example – National Defence Academy – Pune

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the table about paramilitary forces.

Answer:

Answer in brief:

Question 1.
What kind of conflicts may arise among sovereign nations?
Answer:
(i) There are disputes among nations over boundaries or sometimes conflicts emerge among them over water sharing.

(ii) Some other reasons for conflict could be: not following the terms of international treaties, constantly competing against each other and the influx of refugees from neighbouring countries.

Question 2.
What does the Central Reserve Policy Force do?
Answer:
The Central Reserve Police Force helps the administration in various states to maintain law and order.

Question 3.
Describe the three major armed forces in India.
Answer:
(i) India’s security system includes the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, the three forces that defend the country.

(ii) The responsibility of protecting the geographical boundaries is on the Army, whereas the Navy protects the coastline.

(iii) The Air Force is in charge of protecting India’s air space.

(iv) The Ministry of Defence controls all the three forces.

(v) The Indian Army is very big. It is the world’s seventh-largest. Its Chief is known as the General.

(vi) The Chief of Navy is known as the Admiral, while the Chief of the Air Force is known as Air Chief Marshall. These three chiefs are appointed by the President.

Question 4.
Which measures have been taken to modernize India’s security system?
Answer:
(i) Many measures are taken so that all three defence forces in India’s security system are adequately modernized. For this, some research institutions have been set up.

(ii) Many training institutes have also been set up in our country to train the personnel of all ranks of our defence forces so that they can perform their task competently.

(iii) For example, the National Defence Academy (NDA) at Pune and the National Defence College (NDC) at Delhi, etc.

Question 5.
How do environmental issues threaten human security?
Answer:
(i) Pollution and other changes in the environment have threatened human life. Diseases like AIDS, Chikungunia, Swine flu and Ebola have presented a big challenge.

(ii) Protecting human beings from such diseases is also considered as a factor of human security.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 5 Winds Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 5 Winds

Class 7 Geography Chapter 5 Winds Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Rewrite the following statements after choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
When the air expands, it ______.
(a) becomes solid,
(b) becomes thinner,
(c) gets lost.
(d) becomes humid.
Answer:
(b) becomes thinner,

Question 2.
From high air pressure regions, winds ______.
(a) blow to regions of still higher pressure.
(b) blow towards regions of cooler air.
(c) blow towards regions of low air pressure.
(d) remains still.
Answer:
(c) blow towards regions of low air pressure.

Question 3.
In the northern hemisphere, winds blowing towards the equator due to the _____.
rotation of the earth.
(a) turn to the south
(b) turn to the east,
(c) turn to the west
(d) turn to the north.
Answer:
(c) turn to the west

Question 4.
The direction of seasonal winds blowing over the Indian subcontinent during winter is from the _____.
(a) south-east to north-west.
(b) south-west towards north-east.
(c) north-east to south-west.
(d) north-west to south-east.
Answer:
(c) north-east to south-west.

Question 5.
The Roaring Forties in the southern hemisphere ______.
(a) blow towards the equator.
(b) blow in the areas around 40°S parallel.
(c) blow from the subpolar region of low pressure.
Answer:
(b) blow in the areas around 40°S parallel.

2. Identify the type of winds from the description given below:

Question 1.
These winds from the south-west bring rains to Indian subcontinent. During June to September, India gets rains. After this period these winds retreat.
Answer:
South West Monsoon Winds.

Question 2.
These winds blowing from the north pole region towards 60°N parallel cause cold wave conditions in extensive areas covering North America, Europe and Russia
Answer:
Polar Winds.

Question 3.
Hilltops get heated quickly during the day. The air in this part becomes hot, light and starts ascending. Hence, a low pressure area forms in this region. At the same time the air at the foothills become cooler and also experiences high pressure. Air in that area blows towards low pressure.
Answer:
Valley Winds.

3. Given below are the values of air pressure in millibars. Using the same, draw diagrams to show a cyclone and an anticyclone:

Question 1.
990, 994, 996,1000
Answer:

Question 2.
1030,1020,1010,1000
Answer:

4. State one reason why:

Question 1.
A belt of calm exists near the equator.
Answer:
(i) A belt of calm exists near the equator because there is not much difference in the temperature and air pressure.
(ii) So winds do not blow in this region.

Question 2.
The winds coming from the north-west in the southern hemisphere have greater velocities than the winds coming from the south-west in the northern hemisphere.
Answer:
(i) In the southern hemisphere the obstacle caused by the relief of the land surface is almost absent.
(ii) Therefore the winds coming from the north – west in the southern hemisphere have greater velocity than the winds coming from the south-west in the northern hemisphere.

Question 3.
The monsoon winds in the summer come from the sea but the retreating monsoon winds come from land.
Answer:
(i) Monsoon winds are generated due to the uneven heating of land and water in the different seasons.

(ii) During summers, land heats up quickly as compared to water & an area of low pressure is created on the land whereas an area of high pressure is created on the water.

(iii) But during winters low pressure is created on the water and an area of high pressure is created on land as it cools down quickly as compared to the water.

(iv) As winds blow from high pressure areas to low pressure areas, it blows from sea to land in summers & from land to sea in winters.
Thus the monsoon winds in summer come from sea but the retreating monsoon winds come from land.

5. Complete the flow chart:

Answer:

6. Answer in short:

Question 1.
Why is the air pressure high in polar areas in both the hemispheres?
Answer:

• In both the polar areas the temperature here is below 0°C.
• Hence the air is cold & heavy.
• Hence the air pressure is high in the polar areas in both the hemispheres.

Question 2.
What effect does the rotation of the earth have on the wind?
Answer:

• The direction of the winds is influenced by the rotation of the earth.
• In the northern hemisphere, winds get deflected towards the right of their original direction, whereas in the southern hemisphere they get deflected toward the left of their original direction.

Question 3.
Why do the cyclonic winds blow in a circular manner?
Answer:
(i) Cyclones are created when a low pressure area is surrounded by high pressure areas. In these conditions, winds start blowing towards the low pressure area from the surrounding high pressure areas.

(ii) But due to the rotation of the earth in the northern hemisphere the winds deflected towards the right of their original direction whereas in the southern hemisphere they get deflected towards the left of their original direction which causes the cyclone winds to blow in a circular manner.

Question 4.
State the reasons that lead to the formation of cyclones and describe the effects of cyclones.
Answer:
(i) Cyclonic conditions are created when a low pressure area is surrounded by high pressure areas.
(ii) In these conditions, winds start blowing towards the low pressure area from the surrounding high pressure areas.
(iii) The effects of cyclone are as follows.

• The sky is cloudy
• Winds blow with a very high velocity
• It rains heavily
• It may cause loss of life and property in coastal regions.

Activity:

Using the internet, obtain information, photos and maps of the recent cyclone that arrived at India’s eastern coast.
Write the social and economic effects of that cyclone.

ICT Question:

Use the mobile app ‘Windyty’ and try to know the direction of winds and pressure areas in the world.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 5 Winds InText Questions and Answers

Formative Assessment
Can you tell?

Observe the diagrams given below. Answer the questions related to sea and land breeze


Question 1.
Why do the breezes blow from the sea to the land during the day?
Answer:
During the day as land gets heated up faster than water, an area of low pressure is created on land whereas there is a region of comparatively higher pressure on the sea. As a result the breezes blow from the sea to the land during the day.

Question 2.
When do the winds blow from the d to the sea?
Answer:
The winds blow from land to the sea during the night.

Question 3.
Describe the winds shown in fig. (a).
Answer:
It is sea breeze.

Question 4.
Compare fig.(a) and (b) with reference fo temperature conditions, air pressure and
winds.
Answer:
In figure (a) the temperature is higher on land & the pressure is low so winds blow from sea to land. In figure (b) the temperature is low on the land & the pressure is high. Winds blow from land to sea.

Question 5.
Which winds are called sea breezes and which are called land breezes? Why?
Answer:
Winds in (a) are sea breeze because they blow from the sea and (b) are land breeze because they blow from the land.

Question 6.
In which part of India are land and sea breezes experienced?
Answer:
In India, it is experienced near the coastal areas.

Question 7.
Do you experience sea and land breezes in your area?
Answer:
The answer may vary.

Give it a try.

Write the changed directions of the wind in the table below:

Question 1.

Answer:

Try this:

Question 1.
Observe the pictures given below and describe the valley breeze considering the elevation of land, the heating and cooling properties of land and water, the air pressure, etc.

Answer:
Characteristics of Valley Breeze:

• Valleys are cooler compared to mountain tops during the day.
• Mountains are comparatively warmer.
• Air pressure is greater in the valley.
• Winds blow from valley to the mountain tops.
• Hot and light air from the mountains descend downwards and cool air from valleys ascend upwards.
• Valley breeze are set after the sun rises.

Question 2.
Read the following information carefully and draw a diagram for the mountain breeze accordingly.
Characteristics of the Mountain breeze:

• Mountains cool down quickly at night.
• The valley zone is comparatively warmer.
• Air pressure is greater on the mountains.
• Winds blow from the mountain towards the valley.
• The hot and light air from the valley is pushed upwards and the cool air rushes down into the valley.
• Mountain winds set in after sunset.

Answer:

Try this:

• Fold a piece of paper into two same sized rolls.
• Keep both the paper rolls on one side of a table
• You & your friend should select one roll each.

Question 1.
Without touching the roll of the paper on the table, what can be done to move the paper rolls to the other end of the table?
Answer:
To move the paper rolls to the other end of the table without touching a person can

• Blow the air from his mouth towards the roll of paper
• Use a newspaper a book or a hand fan
• Tilt the table towards the other end.

Question 2.
See who moves the paper roll first to the other end of the table:
Answer:
The object which blows the air with maximum force, moves the paper roll first to the other end of the table.

Question 3.
What could be the reason of the delay in making the rolls reach to the other end of the table?
Answer:
There will be a delay in making the rolls reach the other end of the table if the air is blown with lesser force.

Question 4.
What can we do to move the rolls to the other end of the table with a greater speed?
Answer:
We mostly use the technique/object which will blow air with maximum force to move the rolls to the other end of the table with a greater speed.

Question 5.
Can a bottle filled with water be moved to the other end of the table in this manner? Can we use the same method that you tried for moving paper rolls?
Answer:
A bottle filled with water cannot be moved to the other end of the table in this manner. We cannot use the same methods that we tried for moving paper rolls to move a bottle filled with water as it is heavier in weight, (we can if we tilt the table which was an option.)

Class 7 Geography Chapter 5 Winds Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct option from the bracket:

Question 1.
Air moves from high pressure to low pressure areas in a ______ manner. (vertical, horizontal, parallel)
Answer:
horizontal.

Question 2.
Winds velocity is measured in the units of ________. (knots, metres, seconds)
Answer:
knots.

Question 3.
Wind which cover a large portion of the earth are called _____ wind. (local, polar, planetary)
Answer:
planetary.

Question 4.
Winds blowing between mid latitudinal high pressure belt and the equator are called ______. (westerlies, easterlies, polar)
Answer:
easterlies.

Question 5.
Winds blowing between mid latitudinal high pressure belt and the sub polar low pressure belt are called _______. (easterlies, westerlies, polar)
Answer:
westerlies.

Question 6.
Winds that blow for a short duration of time, over a limited area are called ______. wind. (polar, local, easterlies)
Answer:
local.

Question 7.
Mountain winds blow during ______ .(morning, night, midday)
Answer:
night.

Question 8.
Winds that blow at night in coastal areas are called ________ breeze, (sea, land, valley)
Answer:
land.

Question 9.
Cyclones occurring in the western part of the Pacific ocean are called ______.(hurricane, typhoons)
Answer:
typhoons.

Question 10.
Hot winds blowing in the Thar Desert are called the _______ (simoons, loo, chinook)
Answer:
loo.

Rewrite the following statements after choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
During an anticyclone the sky ______.
(a) is dark.
(b) is cloudy.
(c) is clear.
(d) is white.
Answer:
(c) is clear.

Question 2.
Winds blowing from the polar high pressure to sub polar low pressure belt
(a) blow from west to east.
(b) blow from east to west.
(c) blow from south to north.
(d) blow from north to south.
Answer:
(b) blow from east to west.

Question 3.
The minimum velocity of cyclonic storms is ________.
(a) 50 km per hour
(b) 60 km per hour
(c) 70 km per hour
(d) 80 km per hour.
Answer:
(b) 60 km per hour

Question 4.
Winds which originate in specific regions and blow over a limited area are called _____.
(a) local winds.
(b) seasonal winds
(c) monsoon winds
(d) planetary winds
Answer:
(a) local winds.

Find out the odd man out and give reason for your answer:

Question 1.
Polar winds, Local winds, Easterlies, Westerlies
Answer:
Local winds – Others are names of planetary winds.

Question 2.
Landbreeze, Valley winds, Westerlies, Mountain winds.
Answer:
Westerlies – Others are names of local winds.

Question 3.
Mistral, Bora, Pampero, Foehn
Answer:
Foehn – Others are cold and dry winds.

Question 4.
Loo, Foehn, Mistral, Simoon
Answer:
Mistral – Others are hot and dry winds.

Question 5.
Mistral, Bora, Chinook, Foehn
Answer:
Chinook – Others originate in the Alps Mountain.

Question 6.
Southeast Asia, West Europe, East Africa, North Australia.
Answer:
West Europe – Others receive monsoon rains.

Question 7.
India, Japan, China, Phillippines.
Answer:
India – Others experience typhoons.

Question 8.
Furious Fifties, Screaming Seventies, Screeching Sixties,, Roaring Forties.
Answer:
Screaming Seventies – Others are names of winds in the southern hemisphere.

Place a tick mark (✓) against the correct option:

Question 1.
Towards which direction do the southern hemisphere winds get deflected? .
(a) Towards the left.
(b) Towards the right.
(c) Towards the centre.
Answer:
(a) Towards the left.

Question 2.
What are the winds blowing between polar high pressure belt and subpolar low pressure belt called?
(a) Monsoon winds
(b) Polar winds
(c) Westerlies winds
Answer:
(a) Monsoon winds

Question 3.
Hot and destructive winds blowing in the Sahara
(a) Chinook
(b) Simoom
(c) Loo
Answer:
(b) Simoom

Question 4.
Cold winds around the Mediterranean.
(a) Foehn
(b) Pampero
(c) Mistral
Answer:
(b) Pampero

Question 5.
How is cyclonic condition created?
(a) Low pressure area is surrounded by high pressure.
(b) A high pressure area is surrounded by low pressure.
(c) A low pressure area is surrounded by mid pressure.
Answer:
(c) A low pressure area is surrounded by mid pressure.

Identify the type of winds from the description given below:

Question 1.
In coastal areas, land cools down faster as compared to the sea, the air blows from land to sea.
Answer:
Land Breeze.

Question 2.
In the Indian subcontinent, dry winds blow from the Indian Subcontinent towards the equator.
Answer:
North-East monsoon winds.

Question 3.
The winds blowing over the earth’s surface throughout the year and covering a large portion of the earth.
Answer:
Planetary winds.

Question 4.
The winds that blow for a short duration of time, originate in specific regions & blow over a limited area.
Answer:
Local winds.

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Answer:
1 – a
2 – c
3 – d
4 – b

Define the following terms:

Question 1.
Roaring Forties:
Answer:
Beyond 40°S winds blow with tremendous velocity. These winds are called the Roaring Forties.

Question 2.
Furious Fifties:
Answer:
Around 50°S winds are stormy hence they are called the Furious Fifties.

Question 3.
Screeching Sixties:
Answer:
The stormy winds around 60°S make tremendous noise and hence they are called the Screeching Sixties.

Question 4.
Local Winds:
Answer:
The winds that blow for a short duration of time, originate in specific region and blow over a limited area are called Local Winds.

Question 5.
Doldrums:
Answer:
The region up to 5° North and 5° South of the equator remains calm for most of the year and winds do not blow in this region. It is called the equatorial calm zone or Doldrums.

Question 6.
Horse Latitudes:
Answer:
In the area near the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, that is between 25° and 35° north and south, there exist a high pressure belt, which is a calm belt. This belt is called as the Horse latitudes.

Question 7.
Typhoons:
Answer:
Storms arising in the months between June and October in the western part of the Pacific Ocean which blow with high velocity winds and heavy rains causing destruction are called Typhoons.

Question 8.
Hurricanes:
Answer:
The cyclones in the Caribbean sea which are destructive in nature are called Hurricanes.

Observe the pictures given below of Seasonal winds and write its characteristics:

Question 1.

Answer:
Characteristics of the Seasonal winds (Monsoon):

• Monsoon winds are generated due to the uneven heating of land and water in the different seasons.
• During summer, monsoon winds blow from the sea to the land and in winter they blow from the land to the sea.
• Southern Asia, East Africa, North Australia are the regions where the pronounced effects of these winds are felt.
• The influence of monsoon winds is seen in the summer and winter seasons in the Indian subcontinent.

change in direction of wind:

Draw a neat labelled diagram:

Question 1.
Planetary winds and pressure belts on the earth
Answer:

Distinguish between the following:

Question 1.
Easterlies and Westerlies:
Answer:

Question 2.
Valley breeze and Mountain breeze:
Answer:

Question 3.
Cyclones and Anticyclones:
Answer:

State one reason why:

Question 1.
Planetary winds change their original direction.
Answer:
The rotation from the west to east causes the change in the original direction of the planetary winds.

Question 2.
The air pressure in land and water is different
Answer:
(a) The land is made up of dense matter. Land is stable and opaque. As a result, heat is transferred at a greater speed and in a higher proportion. Hence, land gets heated quickly.

(b) The density of water is comparatively less. Water is transparent and unstable. Hence, water does not get heated quickly.

(c) As a result, the air pressure in land and water areas is different.

Question 3.
The Indian subcontinent experiences monsoon and retreating monsoon seasons.
Answer:
(a) Monsoon winds are generated due to uneven heating of land & water in different seasons. During summers, monsoon winds blow from sea to land & in winter they blow from land to the sea.

(b) The influence of monsoon winds is seen in summer season in the Indian subcontinent due to high temperature & low pressure in Thar desert region & Punjab plains.

(c) As these winds blow from sea to land the Indian subcontinent experiences monsoon (rainy) season.

(d) During winters, due to high pressure & low temperature in the Indian subcontinent & comparatively low pressure & high temperature in the Indian ocean winds blow from land to sea.

(e) This is the retreating monsoon season in the Indian subcontinent.
Thus the Indian subcontinent experiences monsoon & retreating monsoon season.

Answer the following in detail:

Question 1.
Give detailed information about the types of planetary winds.
Answer:
The following are the types of Planetary winds:
(i) Easterlies:

• In both the hemispheres, the winds that blow from the high pressure area between 25° & 35° parallels, to the equatorial low pressure belt (between 5°N & 5°S parallel) are called Easterlies.
• In the northern hemisphere they blow from northeast to southwest whereas in the southern hemisphere they blow from southeast to the northwest.

(ii) Westerlies:

• In both the hemispheres, winds that blow from the mid-latitudinal high pressure belt to sub polar low pressure belt situated near 60° parallel are called westerlies.
• In the northern hemisphere, these winds blow from the southwest to the northeast & in the southern hemisphere, they blow from the northwest to the southeast.

(iii) Polar winds:

• In both the hemispheres, winds blowing from the polar high pressure belt to the sub polar low pressure belt (55° to 65°) are called polar winds.
• Generally they blow from east to west.

Question 2.
Write in detail about cyclonic storms.
Answer:
(i) Cyclones occurring in the western part of the Pacific ocean along the coasts of Japan, China, Philippines, etc. are known as ‘Typhoons’.
(ii) These storms arise in the months between June & October.
(iii) Due to high velocity winds & heavy rains, these prove to be destructive.
(iv) The cyclones in the Caribbean Sea are known as ‘hurricanes’. These are also destructive in nature.
(v) During these storms, the minimum velocity of the wind is 60 km per hour.
(vi) Cyclones also originate in the temperate zone but they are not so powerful & hence are not destructive.

Question 3.
What are anticyclones?
Answer:
(i) Under specific atmospheric conditions, the air pressure in a particular region increases & the pressure in the surrounding areas remain low.

(ii) In this situation, winds blow from the centre towards the surrounding areas in a circular manner.

(iii) In the northern hemisphere, these winds blow in a clockwise direction whereas in the southern hemisphere they blow in an anticlockwise direction.

(iv) During anticyclone, the skies are clear, winds blow with lesser velocities and the weather is pleasant.

Can you tell?

Observe the picture given below and answer the following questions.:

Question 1.
Which are the winds in the northern hemisphere that blow from the mid latitudinal high pressure belt to the equatorial low pressure belt?
Answer:
Easterlies blow from mid latitudinal high pressure belt to equatorial low pressure belt in the northern hemisphere

Question 2.
What is the direction of the Westerlies in the southern hemisphere?
Answer:
Westerlies blow from north west to south east in the southern hemisphere

Question 3.
Which planetary winds blow from the mid-latitudinal high pressure belts to the subpolar low pressure belts in the northern hemisphere?
Answer:
The Westerlies blow from mid latitudinal high pressure belts to subpolar low pressure belts in the northern hemisphere

Question 4.
Why is the direction of polar winds not the same in both the hemispheres?
Answer:
The rotation of the earth causes the change in the direction of winds in both the hemisphere. So polar winds blow from northeast to south west in the northern hemisphere & from south east to north-west in the southern hemisphere.

Question 5.
Name the winds that blow in the southern hemisphere.
Answer:
Easterlies, Westerlies and Polar Winds blow in the southern hemisphere.

Question 6.
In which direction do the Easterlies blow in the Northern and Southern hemisphere?
Answer:
Easterlies blow from northeast to southeast in northern hemisphere & from southeast to northwest in the southern hemisphere.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 9 Agriculture Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 9 Agriculture

Class 7 Geography Chapter 9 Agriculture Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Select the proper option for the following statements:

Question 1.
In which of the following type of farming
are the crops rotated?
(a) Intensive.
(c) Commercial.
(b) Plantation.
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(a) Intensive.

Question 2.
Agriculture requires the following:
(a) Only ploughing
(b) Use of animals, implements, machines and manpower.
(c) Use of only manpower.
(d) Just cultivate the crop.
Answer:
(b) Use of animals, implements, machines and manpower.

Question 3.
In India, agriculture has developed because…
(a) There are two seasons of agriculture in India.
(b) Majority of the people depend on agriculture.
(c) Traditional agriculture is practised in India.
(d) In India factors like climate, soils, water, etc. are conducive.
Answer:
(d) In India factors like climate, soils, water, etc. are conducive.

Question 4.
It is necessary that modern methods and technology be used in agriculture in India because…
(a) There are factories producing improved seeds.
(b) There are industries producing fertilizers
(c) Population is growing and there are agro-based industries.
(d) Modern means and machines are available.
Answer:
(c) Population is growing and there are agro-based industries.

2. Give short answers for the following questions:

Question 1.
Describe the importance of irrigation for agriculture.
Answer:
(i) Irrigation means the process of supplying of water through artificial means such as pipes, canals, sprinklers, etc.
(ii) Irrigation helps the farmers to be less dependent on rain water for the purpose of agriculture.
(iii) Since monsoons are uncertain & highly variable, farming cannot entirely depend upon rains
(iv) Hence irrigation is needed to grow assured crops & also to grow crops in the months after the monsoon season.

Question 2.
Distinguish between intensive farming & shifting cultivation.
Answer:

Question 3.
Mention the major types of farming and give information about intensive farming and extensive grain farming?
Answer:
Broadly the following types of farming are identified

Intensive farming:

• Intensive farming is a type of traditional farming. It is carried out in one and the same farm for years together.
• Getting maximum production from a minimum area is the characteristic of Intensive farming.
• Due to large population or limited availability of land, per head holding is small.
• This type of farming is mostly seen in developing region.
• The cultivator and his family are totally dependent on farming. The farm production is sufficient only for the requirements of the cultivators family.
• As farm production is low hence the economic condition of the cultivator is also poor.

Extensive farming:

• Extensive grain farming is a type of commercial farming.
• Farm size is greater than 200 hectares.
• Due to large farm size and sparse population in the region, this type of farming is carried out with the help of machines like tractors and crushers.
• Helicopters or planes are used for spraying pesticides.
• Mono crop cultivation is the main characteristic.
• Crops like wheat, corn, barley, oats, soyabean are cultivated.
• Heavy capital investment is necessary. Since huge expenditures are needed for purchase of machinery, fertilisers, pesticides, godowns, transport cost, etc.
• Droughts, attack by pests, locusts, market fluctuation, etc. are the problems in extensive grain farming.
• This type of farming is carried out in the temperate grassland regions.

Question 4.
Describe the characteristics of plantation farming.
Answer:
(i) Plantation farming is a type of commercial farming.
(ii) Farm size is 40 hectares or above.
(iii) As plantation agriculture is practised in hilly tracts of tropical regions, use of machines are not possible hence local manpower is used.
(iv) This is a single crop cultivation practice.
(v) Only commercial crops like tea, rubber, coffee, coconut, cocoa, spices, etc. are planted.
(vi) This type of farming requires large scale capital investment.
(vii) Major issues faced are climate, manpower, deterioration of environment, economic and managerial problems.
(viii) Plantation farming is practised in India and other South Asian countries, Africa, South and Central America.

Question 5.
Which are the crops cultivated in your area? What are the geographical reasons for that?
Answer:
(i) I live in the konkan region of the state of Maharashtra
(ii) The main crops cultivated in our area are mangoes, rice, coconut, cashew, etc.
(iii) Konkan region has hot & humid climate, heavy rainfall which favours the growth of these crops.
(iv) This region has fertile laterite soil which is suitable for cultivation of fruits.

Question 6.
Why is the agriculture in India seasonal in nature? What are the difficulties for perennial agriculture?
Answer:
(i) Most of the agriculture in India is dependent on monsoon rainfall. 80% of the rainfall in India is received from south west monsoon winds from June to September.
(ii) Since monsoon in India is seasonal; agriculture in India is also seasonal in nature.
Difficulties for perennial agriculture
(i) Rainfall in India is highly irregular & uncertain. Also there is lack of irrigation facilities.
(ii) There is lack of capital investment, godowns, transportation, etc.
(iii) There is lack of awareness with respect to scientific methods of crop cultivation.

Activity:

Visit a farm where modern technology is used for agriculture. Collect information about it.

Use of ICT

Question 1.
Collect the pictures of improved seeds and means of irrigation from the internet.
Question 2.
Collect information regarding agricultural in Israel from the internet. and present it.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 9 Agriculture InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?
Observe the picture and briefly describe the type of agriculture shown.

Question 1.

Answer:
(a) For the growth of fruits a large number of similar trees are grown in a vast area. Such land areas are called farms or orchards, for e.g. mango, coconut.
(b) In this type of farming modern as well as traditional methods are used.
(c) Use of irrigation, chemical fertilizers, green houses, etc. is being made for getting more profit.

Question 2.

Answer:
(a) One single crop is grown in a large area.
(b) The use of man power is less, whereas most of the farmwork is done with the help of machines like tractors, harvesters, threshers, etc.
(c) Heavy capital investment is necessary for this type of farming.

Question 3.

Answer:
(a) One single tree crop is grown on a large scale.
(b) Only commercial crops like tea, rubber, coffee, cocoa, coconut, spices, etc. are planted.
(c) It requires lot of capital investment due to the long duration of crops, use of scientific methods, exportable production, processing,

Question 4.

Answer:
(a) Crops are grown on small farm lands with the help of bovine (animal) and human resources.
(b) The profits earned are very low despite intensive care taken.
(c) The crops that are grown are used for home consumption and the excess, if any, is sold in the local market.

Observe the picture and answer:

Question 1.
What all do you see in the picture?
Answer:
A farmer’s house, a farmer keeps cows, hens, sheep, goats and cattle, a standing crop, a plough share, farmers wife grazing the cattle.

Question 2.
Why has the family kept goats and hens?
Answer:
Farmer gets milk from goats and eggs from the hens.

Question 3.
Which implements are seen in the picture?
Answer:
The spade and plough are seen in the picture

Question 4.
How are these implements used?
Answer:
Spade is a hand tool used to dig or loosen ground or break lumps in the soil. A plough is used for ploughing the fields. Ploughing turns organic matter into soil to increase decomposition and add nutrients from organic matter to the soil.

Question 5.
In which major occupation type will the activities shown here be included?
Answer:
The activities shown in the picture mostly fall under the occupation of agriculture.

Question 6.
What could be the main occupation of these people?
Answer:
The main occupation of these people could be cultivation of crops.

Question 7.
Who could be the owner of the house?
Answer:
The farmer himself could be the owner of the house.

Question 8.
Which products shown in the above picture do you use?
Answer:
Milk and dairy products, eggs are used in our day to day lives.

Give it a try:

Observe the pictures and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What differences do you observe these pictures?
Answer:
In the pictures we can observe the changes in agricultural practices. It shows the transition from traditional to modern agriculture.
(a) Initially man cultivated crops using only manual labour. Later he started using various animals like bullocks to cultivate crops.
Today we use modern machines for various agricultural practices.

(b) Irrigation too has changed – from water allowed to flow freely in the field though pipes, man now uses modern methods like sprinkler & drip irrigation.

(c) Poultry farming is supplementary to cultivation of crops & is included in agriculture. Initially hens were reared in small numbers in open areas. But today hens are reared on a large scale. With use of modem techniques it leads to large scale production of eggs.

Question 2.
What changes have taken place in traditional agricultural practices?
Answer:
Traditionally agriculture was carried out using manual labour & bovine power. Today modem methods of agriculture include using machines tractors, harvests, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, etc. for better yield of crop.

Irrigation is used for ample water supply throughout the year to maximize crop production. Modern, scientific techniques & use of hybrid seed, leads to more productivity of land, (more crop production in limited land area)

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which improper practices arising out of man’s greed are observed in agriculture.
Answer:
In order to produce the fruits and vegetables early and sell them quickly, man uses artificial chemical, which harms the soil & hampers the quality of production.

Question 2.
What means of irrigation are available in your area?
Answer:
(a) Drip and Sprinkler irrigation is used in many orchards across the konkan region of Maharashtra.
(b) Wells & tube wells are other methods used on large scale.

Question 3.
Have you observed the wastage of water in agriculture? If yes, describe it.
Answer:
There was a field in my native place. The farmer would water the field leaving the water pipe on the field. Lot of water would be wasted. But now the same farmer waters the field using sprinkler irrigation method. As a result there is no wastage of water, any more.

Question 4.
Which steps can easily be taken to avoid improper practices in agriculture?
Answer:
(a) System of Agricultural Produce Market committee should be established at taluka level and farmers should be encouraged to bring their produce and sell to the traders here

(b) As farm produce is perishable, there has to be a proper arrangement for its sale to avoid,wastage.

(c) Institutes like farmer’s organizations, consumer societies, etc. help and try to protect farmers from exploitation by agents, mediators and others.

(d) Farmers should not use artificial chemicals and pesticides.

Use your brainpower:

Question 1.
Why does extensive commercial farming need more capital?
Answer:
(a) Farm size is greater than 200 hectares.
(b) Due to large farm size and sparse population in the region, this type of farming is carried out with the help of machines like tractors and crushers.
(c) Pesticides are sprayed with the help of helicopters or planes.
(d) Since huge expenditures are needed for the purchase of machinery, fertilizers, pesticides, godowns, transport cost, etc. So extensive commercial farming needs more capital.

Question 2.
Why does plantation farming need skilled and experienced labour?
Answer:
(a) Farm size in plantation farming is 40 hectares or above.
(b) Plantation farming is practised in hilly tracts, so use of machines is not possible.
Hence, plantation farming needs skilled and experienced labour.

Question 3.
In what different ways is ground water obtained for agriculture?
Answer:
(a) Ground water is the water that is found underground.
(b) When it rains, about 20% of the rain water seeps into the ground, forming a water table.
(c) A well as deep as the water table is dug, in order for it to pump water to the fields for agriculture.
(d) Now days use of tube wells have become popular too

Class 7 Geography Chapter 9 Agriculture Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct options from the bracket:

Question 1.
Commercial dairy fanning is mainly undertaken for _________. (milk and fish, meat and milk, meat and poultry)
Answer:
meat and milk

Question 2.
Sheep rearing is carried out to obtain ________. (cotton, silk, wool)
Answer:
wool

Question 3.
In order to achieve the best growth of fish, ________ methods are employed. (pisciculture, scientific, electronic)
Answer:
scientific

Question 4.
Silk thread is obtained from the ______ of the silk moth. (cocoon, mulberry, skin)
Answer:
cocoon

Question 5.
Leaves of the ______ trees are the main food for the silk worms. (mulberry, pepal, coconut)
Answer:
mulberry

Question 6.
______ farming is a highly specialized type of farming of the modem era. (Intensive, Subsistence, Modern)
Answer:
Greenhouse

Question 7.
Intensive farming and shifting cultivation are the two types in ______ farming. (extensive, traditional, intensive)
Answer:
traditional

Question 8.
Shifting cultivation is a ________ type of cultivation, (primitive, extensive, intensive)
Answer:
primitive

Question 9.
Cultivation of flowers and fruits is a subtype of _______ gardening. (market, organic, plantation)
Answer:
market

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
_______ is a new field of tourism.
Answer:
Agrotourism

Question 2.
Most of the farmers are ________ weak and cannot market their product on their own.
Answer:
economically

Question 3.
As farm produce is ______ there has to be a proper arrangement for its sale.
Answer:
perishable

Question 4.
Some of the farm produce is directly used by industries as ______.
Answer:
raw material

Question 5.
_____ is a major exporter of fresh farm produce.
Answer:
Israel

Question 6.
International markets are now becoming easily available for farm produce due to _____.
Answer:
globalization

Question 7.
France and Italy are famous for ________.
Answer:
horticulture

Question 8.
____ is obtained from organic waste.
Answer:
Vermicompost

Select the proper option for the following statements:

Question 1.
Heavy capital investment is necessary for
(a) Subsistence farming
(b) Extensive grain farming
(c) Shifting cultivation
(d) Dairy farming
Answer:
(b) Extensive grain farming

Question 2.
Getting maximum production from a minimum area is the characteristic of
(a) Plantation farming
(b) Intensive farming
(c) Horticulture
(d) Extensive grain farming
Answer:
(b) Intensive farming

Complete the following sentence:

Question 1.
For our basic needs of food and clothing ______.
Answer:
we make use of plants and animals

Question 2.
In agricultural occupation, resources like _______.
Answer:
manpower, animals, implements, etc. are used

Question 3.
In the past primitive man had to wander in the forest to ______.
Answer:
sustain himself on the collected forest produce

Question 4.
Bees in order to collect honey, _______.
Answer:
hover around the plants that bear flowers

Question 5.
Silk thread is obtained from the _________.
Answer:
cocoon of the silk moth

Question 6.
Greenhouse farming facilitates _______.
Answer:
getting maximum product from the land

Question 7.
Greenhouse farming is ________.
Answer:
highly specialized type of farming of the modern era

Question 8.
Different types of agriculture has evolved due to _______.
Answer:
geographical and cultural diversity and technological differences in different regions

Question 9.
Intensive farming is carried out in ________.
Answer:
one and the same farm for years together

Question 10.
In shifting cultivation, ________.
Answer:
every year a new area is chosen for cultivation

Question 11.
The problems in extensive grain farming are ______.
Answer:
droughts, attacks by pests, locusts, etc. and also market fluctuation

Question 12.
Market gardening has developed mainly as a _______.
Answer:
result of urbanization and the ready markets available in urban centres

Question 13.
Cultivation of flowers and fruits is a ________.
Answer:
subtype of market gardening

Question 14.
As farm produce is perishable, _________.
Answer:
there has to be a proper arrangement for its sale

Question 15.
Most of the farmers are ______.
Answer:
economically weak and cannot market their production on their own.

Question 16.
By advertising on the internet, ______.
Answer:
the agricultural products get sold in local as well as international markets

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What do we depend on for our basic needs of food and clothing?
Answer:
For our basic needs of food and clothing, we make use of plants and animals.

Question 2.
What is considered to be the main and the most important occupation in agriculture?
Answer:
In agriculture, cultivation of crops is considered to be the main and the most important occupation.

Question 3.
Why had the primitive man to wander in the forest in the past?
Answer:
Primitive man had to wander in the forest to sustain himself on the collected forest produce.

Question 4.
What is the core of animal husbandry?
Answer:
Rearing different animals and obtaining various products from them for subsistence is the core of animal husbandry.

Question 5.
On what do sheep and goats survive?
Answer:
Sheep and goats survive on short grass, shrubs and acacia, grown in remote hilly areas away from urban settlements.

Question 6.
What do we obtain from Beekeeping occupation?
Answer:
We obtain honey and wax from Beekeeping.

Question 7.
What is Pisciculture?
Answer:
Pisciculture is also called fish farming in which fish seeds are released in the pond to achieve the best growth of fish.

Question 8.
Name the fish reared in fish farms.
Answer:
Warn, Roha, Rawas, Kolambi are reared in fish farms.

Question 9.
What is used to weave soft silk cloth?
Answer:
Fine and strong silk thread obtained from the cocoon of the silk moth are used to weave soft silk cloth.

Question 10.
Which is the highly specialized type of farming of the modem era?
Answer:
Greenhouse farming is a highly specialized type of farming of the modem era.

Question 11.
Which are the two types in traditional farming?
Answer:
Intensive farming and shifting cultivation are the two types in traditional farming.

Question 12.
What is the characteristic of intensive farming?
Answer:
Getting maximum production from a minimum area of land is the characteristic of intensive farming.

Question 13.
Where is shifting cultivation practised?
Answer:
Shifting cultivation is practised in the tropics in densely forested areas or hilly tracts.

Question 14.
Name the two major types of farming covered under commercial farming.
Answer:
Extensive grain farming and plantation agriculture are the two major types of farming covered under commercial farming.

Question 15.
What are the problems in extensive grain farming?
Answer:
The problems in extensive grain farming are droughts, attack by pests, locusts, etc. and market fluctuations.

Question 16.
What are the major issues faced by the plantation farming?
Answer:
Climate, manpower, deterioration of environment, economic and managerial problems are the major issues faced by the plantation farming.

Question 17.
Where is plantation farming practised?
Answer:
Plantation farming is practised in India and other South Asian countries, Africa, South and Central America, etc.

Question 18.
What is a subtype of market gardening?
Answer:
Cultivation of flowers and fruits is a subtype of market gardening.

Question 19.
What are the major products of horticulture?
Answer:
Major products of horticulture are flowers like lily, gerbera, tulip, dahlia, chrysanthemum, marigold, etc.

Question 20.
Name some native and exotic fruits cultivated in fruit farming.
Answer:
Different native and exotic fruits like mangoes, custard apples, grapes, bananas, pomegranates, dragon fruits, cherries, oranges, strawberries, raspberries, etc.

Question 21.
What is organic farming?
Answer:
When farming is done using all vestal matter mixed in the soil, it is called organic farming.

Question 22.
Why do city dwellers visit the rural areas?
Answer:
City dwellers are curious about the farmers life and environment so they visit the rural areas to see the rural life, local customs and culture.

Question 23.
Why are some fruits and vegetables harmful to health?
Answer:
Some fruits and vegetables may have been produced using artificial chemicals, and pesticides for quicker production. Such fruits and vegetables are harmful to health.

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
The system of Agricultural Produce Market Committees is established at the Taluka level.
Answer:

• Most of the farmers are economically weak.
• These farmers cannot market their production on their own.
• At these places, farmers bring their produce and sell to the traders.
• Hence, the system of Agricultural produce market committee is established at taluka level.

Question 2.
Poultry occupation is generally located in big cities.
Answer:

• Running a poultry on commercial basis requires a lot of care.
• For this scientific methods are employed.
• Areas in big cities provide a ready market for this occupation.
• Hence poultry occupation is generally located in big cities.

Question 3.
Bee keeping is an important occupation with respect to agriculture.
Answer:

• Beekeeping occupation is undertaken to obtain honey and wax.
• In order to collect honey, bees hover around the plants that bear flowers.
• This promotes the process of pollination .
• Pollination helps the trees to bear large number of fruits and increase the yield of crops. Hence, Bee keeping is an important occupation with respect to agriculture.

Question 4.
Specific type of fish species are reared separately.
Answer:

• During fishing, different types of fish and other aquatic organisms get caught in the fishing nets.
• Separating them becomes a major task.
• All organisms do not fetch the same price. Due to the above factors specific type of fish species are reared separately.

Question 5.
The expenditure of planting mulberry trees every year is saved.
Answer:

• Leaves of mulberry trees are the main food for the silk worms.
• Once planted, the mulberry trees survive for a minimum period of 15 years.
• Hence, the expenditure of planting mulberry trees every year is saved.

Question 6.
Last few years, has seen the development of nurseries.
Answer:

• In the last few years, the area under floriculture cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants and horticulture has increased.
• These plantations require a high standard of seedlings, cuttings, bulbs and seeds.
• Nurseries give good returns.
• This has led to the development of nurseries.

Question 7.
Heavy capital investment is necessary for extensive grain fanning.
Answer:

• Extensive grain farming Is carried out with the help of machines like tractors and crushers.
• Pesticides are sprayed with the help of helicopters or planes.
• Huge expenditures are needed for the purchase of machinery, fertilizers, pesticides, godowns, transport cost, etc.
• So heavy capital investment is necessary for extensive grain farming.

Question 8.
Market gardening is also known as truck farming.
Answer:

(i) Market gardening has developed as a result of urbanization and the ready markets available in urban centres.

(ii) Farmers cultivate vegetables and other items in the vicinity of urban centres to cater to the demands of city dwellers.

(iii) Market gardening is dependent on good transport network.

(iv) The quality and price of the product is determined by rapid transport. Hence, market gardening is also known as ‘truck farming’.

Question 9.
Agrotourism is financially beneficial for the farmer and his village.
Answer:

• Agrotourism is a new field in tourism.
• In the tropics, various types of agricultural products are cultivated.
• City dwellers are curious about the farmer’s life and environment.
• Many of the city dwellers visit the rural areas to see this. So, Agrotourism is financially beneficial for the farmer and his village.

Question 10.
In intensive farming the economic condition of the cultivator is poor.
Answer:

• Intensive farming is practised in areas of high population.
• Due to large population per head holding is small.
• Because of small land holding & traditional methods of cultivation farm production is sufficient only for the requirement of the family.
• As the farm production is low, the economic conditions of the cultivator is poor.

Question 11.
How do farmers grow their crops?
Answer:

• After deciding what to grow, farmers often till the land by loosening the soil.
• The soil is then mixed with fertilizers.
• Then they sow seeds or plant seedlings.
• When the crops are growing farmer must water the seed and kill crop pests.

Write short notes on:

Question 1.
Greenhouse farming:
Answer:
(i) Greenhouse farming is a highly specialized type of farming of the modem era.

(ii) For erecting a greenhouse galvanized iron pipes and plastic sheets are used. It can have total control on natural factors like climate, heat, atmospheric moisture as well as soil moisture.

(iii) Its main aim is to control pest attack by controlling water, light & temperature.

(iv) Green house farming facilitates getting maximum product from land. It assists in getting maximum economic benefit

(e) Greenhouses are used on large scale for growing flowers like lily & gerbera to igive maximum returns.

Question 2.
Market gardening:
Answer:
(i) Market gardening is a type of cultivation developed mainly as a result of urbanization & ready markets available in urban centres.

(ii) Farmers cultivate vegetables & other items in the vicinity1 of urban centres to cater to the demands of city dwellers.

(iii) The landholding is small. Use of irrigation, organic & chemical fertilizers, low investment, use of manpower, demand of markets, use of science & technology are the characteristics of market gardening.

(iv) It is dependent on good transport network. The quality & price of the product is determined by rapid transport. Hence this type of farming is also called truck farming.

Question 3.
Organic farming:
Answer:

(i) The nutrient requirements of the crops is fulfilled by soil & therefore replenishment of used up nutrients is necessary.

(ii) Nutrients are also used abundantly to increase the yield. Organic fertilizers are prepared for this purpose

(iii) The litter should be decomposed in the ground. Grass like resbania or jute are also buried in the soil for making manures Cowdung & compost manures are used. Vermicompost is obtained from organic waste.

(iv) When farming is done using all the vestal matter mixed in the soil it is called organic farming

(v) The crop obtained from organic farming is high in quality.

Question 4.
Agrotourism:
Answer:

• Agrotourism is a new field in tourism.
• Vicinity – the area near or surrounding a particular place.
• In the tropics various types of agricultural products are cultivated. Hence there is greater scope for agrotourism.
• In agrarian countries the rural life, local customs & culture are utilized for agrotourism.
• City dwellers are curious about the farmers’ life & environment and many of them visit rural areas just to see this.
• Agrotourism is financially beneficial for the farmer & his village.

Question 5.
Importance of marketing system in India:
Answer:
The following points explain the importance of marketing systems in countries like India:

• Agriculture in India is scattered over vast areas.
• All farmers are not organized.
• Most of the farmers are economically weak & cannot market their production on their own.
• As farm produce is perishable, there has to be a proper arrangement for its sale.

Question 6.
Beekeeping.
Answer:

• Beekeeping is an important occupation with respect to agriculture
• It is undertaken to obtain honey & wax. In order to collect honey, bees hover around the plants that bear flowers.
• This promotes the process of pollination.
• As a result, the trees bear large number of fruits & the crop yields increase.

Question 7.
Pisciculture or Fish farming:
Answer:

• Farm ponds are dug out for the purpose of pisciculture. Water is stored in such ponds.
• Fish seeds are released in the ponds. For this seeds of fresh water species are used.
• In order to achieve the best growth of fish, scientific methods are employed.

Question 8.
Give comparative account of any two methods of irrigation
Answer:
Well irrigation, canal irrigation, drip & sprinkler irrigation, tank irrigation etc. are various methods of irrigation. Wells & canals have been used for irrigation since ancient times.

Well irrigation:-

• In this type of irrigation, a well is dug in the ground from which ground water is taken out for irrigation,
• The area required for digging wells is less,
• It is a cheap, dependable & popular method of irrigation in India.

Canal irrigation:-

• In this type of irrigation, dams are constructed on rivers & water of the river is stored in the reservoir,
• The stored water is then supplied to fields with the help of canals,
• Canal irrigation requires vast area for construction of dam as well as constructing network of canals,
• Canal irrigation is dependable but costly method of irrigation.

Question 9.
Sericulture:
Answer:

• Rearing of silkworm in order to obtain silk is sericulture.
• Leaves of the mulberry trees are the main food for these silk worms.
• Once planted the mulberry trees survive for a minimum period of 15 years.
• Silk thread is obtained from the cocoon of the silk. These threads are very fine & strong. They are used to weave silk cloth.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 3 कठपुतली Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Hindi Solutions Chapter 3 कठपुतली

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions Chapter 3 कठपुतली Textbook Questions and Answers

विशेषता हमारी

चित्र देखकर विशेषणयुक्त शब्द बताओ और उनका वाक्यों में प्रयोग करो।

Answer:
(१) तालाब में सुनहरी मछली तैर रही है।
(२) बगीचे में लाल गुलाब खिले हैं।
(३) माँ ने आज स्वादिष्ट सब्जी बनाई है।
(४) थैली में एक लीटर दूध है।
(५) राजू का कक्षा में प्रथम क्रमांक आया।
(६) मोहन के पास दस पेन हैं।
(७) मेरे पास सुंदर लिखावट वाली पुस्तक है।
(८) पहाड़ पर कई ऊँचे पेड़ हैं।

जरा सोचो… लिखोः

“यदि तुम्हें अलादीन का चिराग मिल जाए तो…” विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए: (काल्पनिक लेखन)
Answer:
यदि मुझे अलादीन का चिराग मिल जाए तो उसमें से निकलने वाले जिन्न को बोलकर मैं मेरे मन की सारी आशाएँ पूर्ण करूंगा। मैं उसे सबको सुखी और संपन्न बनाने का आदेश दूंगा। जो भूखे-प्यासे हैं, उन्हें भरपेट अन्न देने के लिए कहूँगा। जो दुखी और उदास हैं, उनके दुःखों को दूर करने का अनुरोध जिन्न से करूंगा। मैं उस चिराग का उपयोग समाज के लोगों के भले के लिए करूंगा। मैं स्वयं से ज़्यादा दूसरों के भले के लिए उस चिराग का उपयोग करूँगा।

भाषा की ओर:

निम्नलिखित शब्दों में उपसर्ग लगाकर लिखिए:

1. शगुन
2. पूर
3. प्रथा
4. व्यावहारिक
5. स्वागत
6. डर

Answer:

1. अपशगुन
2. भरपूर
3. कुप्रथा
4. अव्यावहारिक
5. सुस्वागत
6. निडर

स्वयं अध्ययनः

आपके पास उपलब्ध सामग्री से कठपुतली बनाओ और किसी कार्यक्रम में उसका मंचन करो।
Answer:
(छात्र यह कार्य स्वयं करेंगे।)

खोजबीन:

पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. ३६ “प्रश्न १४. अंधश्रद्धा के कारण एवं उसे दूर करने के उपाय ढूँढ़कर किसी एक प्रसंग को प्रस्तुत कीजिए:
Answer:
(छात्र स्वयं करेंगे।)
कारण:

• प्राचीन परंपराओं-रूढ़ियों को अपनाना।
• स्वयं (मनुष्य) का मन कमज़ोर होना।
• कही – सुनी बातों पर विश्वास करना।
• मृत्यु और कुछ अनहोनी होने का भय होना।
• समाज के डर से प्राचीन रीतियाँ अपनाना।
• शिक्षा का अभाव।
• वैज्ञानिक सोच का अभाव।

उपाय:

• प्राचीन परंपराएँ और रूढ़ियाँ जो योग्य और तर्कसंगत हैं, केवल उन्हें ही अपनाना।
• मनुष्य के मन को गलत एवं भ्रामक कल्पनाओं को दूर करना।
• वैज्ञानिक सोच एवं दृष्टिकोण लोगों में निर्माण करना।
• लोगों को शिक्षित करना एवं अंधश्रद्धा के बारे में जानकारी देना।
• अंधविश्वास उन्मूलन जैसे कार्यक्रमों का प्रचार-प्रसार करना।
• लोगों की वैज्ञानिक सोच और तार्किक शक्ति जागृत करना।

सुनो तो जरा:

चुटकुले, पहेलियाँ सुनो और किसी कार्यक्रम में सुनाओं
Answer:
(छात्र स्वयं करेंगे।

बताओ तो सही:

किसी एक संस्मरणीय घटना का वर्णन कीजिए: (संस्मरण लेखन)
Answer:
कई वर्ष पहले की बात है। मैं मेरे छोटे भाई के साथ मेरा दसवीं कक्षा का परिणाम देखने विद्यालय जा रह्य था। इतने में एक काली बिल्ली रास्ता काटती हुई चली गई। छोटा भाई तुरंत तीन कदम पीछे खिसकने लगा। मैं भी यह दृश्य देखकर डर गया। मुझे लगा कि न जाने मेरा परीक्षा परिणाम क्या होगा? मैं पूरी तरह से डरा हुआ था क्योंकि काली बिल्ली ने रास्ता काटा था। कई लोगों से सुना था कि बिल्ली के रास्ता काटने से काम नहीं होता, किंतु मैने विद्यालय जाकर जब परीक्षा परिणाम देखा तो मैं अच्छे अंकों से उत्तीर्ण हो चुका था। तब मुझे अपने आप पर विश्वास हो गया कि स्वयं के कर्म पर भरोसा होने पर कोई भी बुरी शक्ति हमारा कुछ नहीं बिगाड़ सकती। असल में हमारे मन का किसी प्रकार पर अति विश्वास ही अंधविश्वास कहलाता है। यह घटना आज भी मुझे याद है।

वाचन जगत से:

छात्र हितोपदेश के आधार पर कोई कहानी पढ़ेंगे एवं उससे संबंधित चित्र बनाएँगे:
Answer:
(छात्र स्वयं करेंगे।)

मेरी कलम से:

हिचकी आने जैसी क्रियाओं की सूची बनाकर उनके कारण लिखिए:

1. हिचकी आना
2. हाथ-पाँवों में झनझनाहट होना
3. होंठ सूखे पड़ना
4. मितली आना

Answer:

1. शरीर में ऑक्सीजन (प्राणवायु) और पानी की कमी के कारण।
2. शरीर में रक्त का प्रवाह ठीक ढंग से न होने के कारण।
3. शरीर में पानी की कमी होने के कारण।
4. अपचन और योग्य आहार न लेने के कारण।

अध्ययन कौशल:

नए शब्दों को शब्दकोश में से ढूँढकर वर्णमाला के क्रमानुसार लिखिए:
Answer:
(छात्र स्वयं करेंगे।)

सदैव ध्यान में रखोः

बिना सोचे – समझे किसी बात पर विश्वास ना करें:
Answer:
मनुष्य को अपना प्रत्येक कार्य सोच-समझकर करना चाहिए। दूसरे की बात पर विश्वास करके या बिना किसी जाँच – पड़ताल किए दूसरे पर विश्वास करने वाले मनुष्य को अंत में हानि ही उठानी पड़ती है।

विचार मंथन:

विज्ञान का फैलाओगे प्रकाश तो होगा अंधविश्वास का नाश। (अनुच्छेद लेखन)
Answer:
प्रस्तुत कथन का अर्थ यह है कि संसार में प्रत्येक घटना के घटित होने के पीछे भौगोलिक या वैज्ञानिक कारण होता है। प्रत्येक घटना को अगर हम विज्ञान की कसौटी पर जाँच कर देखेंगे, तो हमें उत्तर मिलेगा कि संसार में कोई घटना बिना वजह घटित नहीं होती। अंधविश्वास बिना सोची-समझी बातों को करने से बढ़ता है। अत: विज्ञान के प्रकाश से ही हम अंधविश्वास का नाश कर सकते हैं।

नीचे दी गई संज्ञाओं का वाक्यों में प्रयोग करो ।

Answer:
(१) पानी
पानी के बिना मनुष्य का जीवन व्यर्थ है।

(२) भीड़
भीड़ में खड़े कई लोग चिल्ला रहे थे।

(३) ईमानदारी
हमें अपना काम ईमानदारी से करना चाहिए।

(४) हाथी
हाथी एक बड़ा जानवर है।

(५) भारत
भारत मेरा देश है।

नीचे दिए सर्वनामों के चित्र देखो, पहचानो और वाक्यों में प्रयोग करो।
(तुम, कोई, हम, आप)

Answer:

(१) वह लड़का खड़ा है।
(२) लड़का और लड़की वो दोनों मुस्कुरा रहे है।
(३) लड़का अपनी परछाई को देख रहा है।
(४) यहा लड़का लड़की को कुछ समझा रहा है।

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions Chapter 3 कठपुतली Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में सही विकल्प चुनकर वाक्य फिरसे लिखिए:

Question 1.
एक कठपुतली हाथ में एक ……………… लेकर आई।(छड़ी, फूल, नारियल)
Answer:
एक कठपुतली हाथ में एक नारियल लेकर आई।

Question 2.
सारी कठपुतलियाँ ……………… खड़ी हो गई। (ठिठककर, भागकर, सहमकर)
Answer:
सारी कठपुतलियाँ ठिठककर खड़ी हो गई।

Question 3.
जिसे लोग …………….. समझते हैं। (श्रद्धा, विश्वास,अंधविश्वास)
Answer:
जिसे लोग अंधविश्वास समझते हैं।

Question 4.
सारा ………….. ही छींक रहा है। (शहर, मोहल्ला, नगर)
Answer:
सारा मोहल्ला ही छींक रहा है।

Question 5.
अब ……………… भरपूर मज़ा लेने लगे। (वक्ता, दर्शक, पाठक)
Answer:
अब दर्शक भरपूर मज़ा लेने लगे।

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को कहानी के आधार पर पूरा कीजिए:

Question 1.
प्रीति अपने मित्र तेजस, प्रसन्ना और मृण्मयी के साथ
Answer:
महोत्सव देखने आई थी।

Question 2.
“आइए, आइए, हमें गलत साबित करके
Answer:
हजार रुपये ले जाइए

Question 3.
……………….. कि कठपुतलियाँ बोल रही हैं।
Answer:
आवाज तो विद्यार्थियों की है, पर लगता है ।

Question 4.
……………… नारियल फोड़कर किया जाता है।
Answer:
किसी भी नए कार्य का प्रारंभ

Question 5.
परिणाम कार्य की अपूर्णता और ……………
Answer:
नाम शकुन – अपशकुन का

निम्नलिखित वाक्य सही हैं या गलत लिखिए:

Question 1.
प्रीति अपने मित्रों के साथ चिड़ियाघर गई थी।
Answer:
गलत

Question 2.
नए कार्य की शुरुआत हम नारियल फोड़कर करते हैं।
Answer:
सही

Question 3.
नारियल से फूल निकलना यह एक चमत्कार है।
Answer:
गलत

Question 4.
बिल्ली के रास्ता काटने से अपशकुन होता है।
Answer:
गलत

Question 5.
हमें अंधविश्वास से दूर रहना चाहिए।
Answer:
सही

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक-एक वाक्य में लिखिए:

Question 1.
शहर में किस का आयोजन किया गया था?
Answer:
शहर में आनंद महोत्सव का आयोजन किया गया था।

Question 2.
बोर्ड पर क्या लिखा था?
Answer:
बोर्ड पर यह लिखा था कि हमें गलत साबित करके एक हजार रुपए ले जाइए।

Question 3.
नए कार्यक्रम का आरंभ क्या फोड़कर किया जाता है?
Answer:
नए कार्यक्रम का आंरभ नारियल फोड़कर किया जाता है।

Question 4.
लल्लन की चक्की पर क्या पिसाई जा रही थी?
Answer:
लल्लन की चक्की पर हरिकिशनदास के यहाँ की शादी की मिरची पिसाई जा रही थी।

Question 5.
प्रत्येक घटना के पीछे क्या होता है?
Answer:
प्रत्येक घटना के पीछे कोई न कोई वैज्ञानिक या व्यावहारिक कारण होता है।

Question 6.
प्रीति अपनी बुआ को क्या बताने वाली थी?
Answer:
प्रीति अपनी बुआ को बताने वाली थी कि विश्वास करो, अंधविश्वास नहीं।

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दो-तीन वाक्यों में लिखिए:

Question 1.
मनुष्य उचित फल से कभी-कभी बंचित क्यों रहता है?
Answer:
मनुष्य कभी-कभी शगुन-अपशगुन के दायरे में अटका रहता है। जिस कारण वह अपना काम समय पर पूरा नहीं करता और उसका असर उसके काम पर पड़ने के कारण ही उसे अपने फल से वंचित रहना पड़ता है।

Question 2.
लोगों एवं बच्चों को किस प्रकार की दुकानें आकर्षित कर रही थीं?
Answer:
लोगों एवं छोटे बच्चों को विविध कलाओं के दर्शन, खेल, प्रदर्शनी, मौत का कुआँ, छोटे – बड़े झूले, कठपुतली का नृत्य और खाने – पीने की दुकानें आकर्षित कर रही थीं।

Question 3.
सूत्रधार के कहने पर भीतर जाने पर प्रीति और उसके मित्रों ने क्या देखा?
Answer:
सूत्रधार के कहने पर भीतर जाकर प्रीति और उसके मित्रों ने देखा कि कठपुतलियाँ रंग-बिरंगे पहनावे पहनकर आँखें मटकाती हुई इधर से उधर आ-जा रही हैं। लोगों का स्वागत कर रही हैं।

Question 4.
प्रयोग के समय जादूगर नारियल से फूल कैसे निकालते हैं।
Answer:
प्रयोग करने वाले नारियल के तीन छेदों में से एक छेद को सलाई की सहायता से खोलकर उसमें मोगरे या चमेली की कलियाँ डाल देते हैं। प्रयोग के समय तक वे खिलकर फूल बन जाती हैं। इस प्रकार जादूगर नारियल से फूल निकालते हैं।

व्याकरण और भाषाभ्यास

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के समानार्थी शब्द लिखिए:

1. मौत
2. नमस्कार
3. प्रारंभ
4. रास्ता
5. कार्य
6. विलंब
7. असर
8. वैज्ञानिक

Answer:

1. मृत्यु
2. प्रणाम
3. आरंभ, शुरुआत
4. पथ, मार्ग
5. कर्म
6. देरी
7. परिणाम
8. शास्त्रीय

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्द लिखिए:

1. शकुन
2. अंदर
3. आज
4. पूर्ण
5. श्रद्धा

Answer:

1. अपशकुन
2. बाहर
3. कल
4. अपूर्ण
5. अंधश्रद्धा

निम्नलिखित शब्दों का वचन बदलकर लिखिए:

1. कठपुतली
2. बिल्ली
3. कली
4. सलाई
5. लड़ाई
6. ताली
7. लड़की
8. गिलहरी

Answer:

1. कठपुतलियाँ
2. बिल्लियाँ
3. कलियाँ
4. सलाइयाँ
5. लड़ाइयाँ
6. तालियाँ
7. लड़कियाँ
8. गिलहरियाँ

निम्नलिखित विशेषणों के साथ संज्ञा शब्द की जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए:

Answer:
१ – ग
२ – घ
३ – ड
४ – ख
५ – ज
६ – क

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Marathi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 11 मिनूचा जलप्रवास Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Marathi Solutions Chapter 11 मिनूचा जलप्रवास

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions Chapter 11 मिनूचा जलप्रवास Textbook Questions and Answers

1. एक-दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न अ.
मिनू मासोळी कुठे राहायची?
उत्तर:
मिनू मासोळी माशांच्या समूहात राहायची.

प्रश्न आ.
मिनूला समुद्र का बघायचा होता?
उत्तर:
मिनूला सतत उत्सुकता असायची की, नदीचे पाणी रोज कुठं जातं? तेव्हा आई म्हणायची, “समुद्रात जातं” तेव्हा तो समुद्र कसा असेल? तो केवढा असेल? हे जाणून घेण्यासाठी तिला समुद्र बघायचा होता.

प्रश्न इ.
नदीचे पाणी गढूळ का झाले?
उत्तर:
मुसळधार पाऊस पडू लागल्यामुळे पाण्याचे लोंढे वाहू लागले व त्यामुळे नदीचे पाणी गढूळ झाले.

प्रश्न ई.
खडकावर फुललेल्या फुलांचे रंग कोणते होते?
उत्तर:
खडकावर फुललेली फुले लाल, गुलाबी, अंजिरी अशा विविध रंगांची होती.

प्रश्न उ.
समुद्राच्या खोलवर अंधार का असतो?
उत्तर:
समुद्राच्या तळाशी सूर्यप्रकाश पोहचत नसल्याने समुद्राच्या तळाशी खोलवर अंधार असतो. प्रश्न ४.खालील प्रश्नांची तीन-चार वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

2. तीन-चार वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न अ.
लेखिकेने नदीचे वर्णन कसे केले आहे?
उत्तरः
‘नदीत खूप खूप पाणी होते. ते पाणी निळे निळे, थंडगार व स्वच्छ होते. इतके स्वच्छ की वरून पाहिले, की तळाची वाळू दिसायची. गोल गोल गोटे दिसायचे अन् सुळसुळ पोहणारे छोटे मासेही दिसायचे.’ असे लेखिकेने नदीचे वर्णन केले आहे.

प्रश्न आ.
मिनूची व आईची चुकामुक का झाली?
उत्तर:
एक दिवस मुसळधार पाऊस पडू लागला. जमिनीवरून पाण्याचे लोंढे वाहायला लागले. नदीचे पाणी गढुळले. मासे बावरून एकमेकांना शोधू लागले; पण कोणीच कोणाला दिसेना. पाणी वेगाने वाहत होते. या गोंधळातच मिनूची व आईची चुकामूक झाली.

प्रश्न इ.
घोडमासा पाहून मिनूला हसू का आले?
उत्तर:
समुद्रातून थोडीशी चक्कर मारून परत जावे असा विचार करून मिनू पुढे जात असताना तिची एका विचित्र माशाशी टक्कर झाली. त्याचे तोंड घोड्यासारखे होते व पोटाला पिशवी होती व त्यात छोटी छोटी पिल्ले बसलेली पाहून मिनूला हसू आले.

3. कोण कोणास व केव्हा म्हणाले ते लिहा.

प्रश्न अ.
“समुद्र, समुद्र म्हणतात तो आला की!”
उत्तर:
मिनूने जेव्हा हळूच तोंड उघडले तेव्हा समुद्राचे खारट पाणी तिच्या तोंडात गेले तेव्हा ती स्वत:लाच म्हणाली.

प्रश्न आ.
“त्याचं नाव घोडमासा, समुद्रघोडा!”
उत्तर:
समुद्राच्या पाण्यात मिनूची एका विचित्र माशाची टक्कर झाली तेव्हा पाण्याच्या तळाकडून कासव मिनूला म्हणाले.

प्रश्न इ.
“घाबरू नकोस, हा तर खेकडा!”
उत्तर:
कासव व मिनू यांच्यात जेव्हा बोलणे चालू होते तेव्हा त्यांच्या मधून एक प्राणी तिरका तिरका चालत गेला. तो आपल्या बटबटीत डोळ्यांनी मिनूकडे पाहत होता. तेव्हा ती घाबरली, तिची भिती दूर करताना कासव मिनूला म्हणाले.

प्रश्न ई.
“कासवदादा, चला ना माझ्याबरोबर.”
उत्तर:
मिनू आपल्या आईकडे पुन्हा नदीच्या दिशेने निघाली तेव्हा मिनू कासवाला म्हणाली.

4. शिंपल्यामध्ये मोती कसा तयार होतो? त्याची क्रिया क्रमाने लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
शिंपल्यामध्ये मोती कसा तयार होतो? त्याची क्रिया क्रमाने लिहा.
उत्तर:

1. नदीतील शंख-शिंपल्यात एक छोटासा किडा असतो.
2. या शिंपल्यात चुकून एखादा वाळूचा कण गेला की तो त्याच्या अंगाला टोचायला लागतो. मग तो आपल्या अंगातून पातळ रस काढून त्यावर गुंडाळतो.
3. मग त्यातूनच पुढे छानदार मोती तयार होतो.

5. चार – पाच ओळीत वर्णन करा.

प्रश्न अ.
घोडमासा
उत्तर:
घोडमासा हा विचित्र मासा आहे. त्याचे तोंड इतर माशांसारखे नसते. त्याचे तोंड घोड्यासारखे असते. त्याच्या पोटाला पिशवी असते. त्यात छोटी छोटी पिल्ले बसलेली असतात.

प्रश्न आ.
खेकडा
उत्तर:
खेकडा आपल्या पायांनी तिरका चालतो. तो आपल्या बटबटीत डोळ्यांनी पाहतो. त्याच्या पाठीवर कासवासारखेच कठीण कवच असते. त्यामुळे शत्रू त्याच्यावर हल्ला करू शकत नाही. याला सहा तर कधी आठ पायही असतात. त्यांच्या तोंडाजवळ दोन नांग्या असतात, त्यामुळे त्याचं संरक्षण होते व त्याला भक्ष्यही पकडता येते.

6. इवलीशी’ यासारखे आणखी शब्द लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
इवलीशी’ यासारखे आणखी शब्द लिहा.
उत्तर:

1. नबी नशी
2. को बळीशी
3. छानशी
4. सोनुलीशी

7.

प्रश्न अ.
समानार्थी शब्दांच्या योग्य जोड्या लावा.

उत्तरः

1. लांब – दूर
2. प्रचंड – मोठे
3. उष्ण – गरम
4. लहान – इवली

प्रश्न आ.
विरूद्धार्थी शब्दांच्या योग्य जोड्या लावा.

उत्तरः

1. पुढे × मागे
2. प्रकाश × अंधार
3. मऊ × टणक
4. मोठे × लहान

8. योग्य जोड्या जुळवा.

प्रश्न 1.
योग्य जोड्या जुळवा.

उत्तर:

9. खालील शब्द वाचा. समजून घ्या.

प्रश्न 1.
खालील शब्द वाचा. समजून घ्या.

10. तुम्ही मिनू मासोळी आहात अशी कल्पना करून समुद्राची माहिती आईला सांगा.

प्रश्न 1.
तुम्ही मिनू मासोळी आहात अशी कल्पना करून समुद्राची माहिती आईला सांगा.
उत्तर:
‘आई, समुद्र हा खूप मोठा जलाशय असतो. त्यात दूरदूर पर्यंत पाणीच पाणी असते. त्याचा तळ खूप खोल असतो. त्याच्या तळाशी अंधार असतो. कारण तिथपर्यंत सूर्याचा प्रकाश पोहचत नाही. समुद्राचे पाणी चवीला खारट आहे. त्या पाण्यात मोठ्या माशांपासून ते लहान-लहान माशांपर्यंत विविध प्रकारचे मासे आहेत. समुद्रातून आपण जहाज व बोटीत बसून प्रवास करू शकतो. विविध प्रकारचे वायू व तेलाचे साठे समुद्राच्या तळाशी आहेत. त्याचा माणसाने पुरेपुर फायदा करून घेतला आहे. समुद्रातील मोती हे आपला अमुल्य ठेवा आहे.

11. शंख-शिंपल्यांपासून शोभेच्या वस्तू बनवा.

प्रश्न 1.
खालील वाक्ये वाचा.
अ. विसूने ‘ताजमहाल’, पाहिला.
आ. मंदाने सुरेशला सांगितले, ‘पायल तुझ्याकडे उदया येणार आहे.’
एखादया शब्दावर जोर दयावयाचा असता, दुसऱ्याचे मत अप्रत्यक्ष सांगताना (‘ – ‘) असे एकेरी अवतरणचिन्ह वापरले जाते.

प्रश्न 2.
खालील वाक्यांतील काळ ओळखा.

1. सूर्य पूर्वेला उगवतो.
2. मला लाडू आवडला.
3. आईचा स्वयंपाक झाला होता.
4. मी गावाला जाईन.
5. तू का रडतेस?
6. मी पोहायला शिकणार आहे.

उत्तरः

1. वर्तमानकाळ
2. भूतकाळ
3. भूतकाळ
4. भविष्यकाळ
5. वर्तमानकाळ
6. भविष्यकाळ

Class 6 Marathi Chapter 11 मिनूचा जलप्रवास Additional Important Questions and Answers

खाली दिलेल्या वाक्यातील रिकाम्या जागी योग्य शब्द भरून वाक्य लिहा.

1. मिनू होती ………………
2. इतर मासे तिचे खूप खूप …………… करायचे.
3. आनंदाने तिने ……………………. उडीच मारली.
4. एक दिवस ……….. पाऊस पडू लागला.
5. जमिनीवरून पाण्याचे …………… वाहायला लागले.
6. पाणी वेगाने ……………. होते.
7. या गोंधळात मिनूची व आईची ……………… झाली.
8. इतक्यात तिची एका विचित्र माशाशी ………………. झाली.
9. मिनू …………….. पायऱ्या उतरत त्याच्याजवळ पोहोचली.
10. तो ………….. हात असलेला अष्टभुज मासा.
11. हा अगदी …………….. गोळा असतो गोळा.
12. मग त्यातून छानदार ……….. तयार होतो.
13. आता मात्र मिनूची ……….. उडाली.
14. काही माशांच्या अंगातून ……………… बाहेर पडतो.
15. कासवदादांनी तिला कितीतरी ………………. दाखवल्या होत्या.

उत्तरः

1. इवलीशी
2. लाड
3. टुणकन
4. मुसळधार
5. लोंढे
6. वाहत
7. चुकामूक
8. टक्कर
9. लाटांच्या
10. आठ
11. मांसाचा
12. मोती
13. घाबरगुंडी
14. उजेड
15. गमती

असे कोण कोणास व केव्हा म्हणाले ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
“समुद्र, समुद्र म्हणतात तो आला की!”
उत्तर:
मिनूने जेव्हा हळूच तोंड उघडले तेव्हा समुद्राचे खारट पाणी तिच्या तोंडात गेले तेव्हा ती स्वत:लाच म्हणाली.

प्रश्न 2.
“त्याचं नाव घोडमासा, समुद्रघोडा!”
उत्तर:
समुद्राच्या पाण्यात मिनूची एका विचित्र माशाची टक्कर झाली तेव्हा पाण्याच्या तळाकडून कासव मिनूला म्हणाले.

प्रश्न 3.
“घाबरू नकोस, हा तर खेकडा!”
उत्तर:
कासव व मिनू यांच्यात जेव्हा बोलणे चालू होते तेव्हा त्यांच्या मधून एक प्राणी तिरका तिरका चालत गेला. तो आपल्या बटबटीत डोळ्यांनी मिनूकडे पाहत होता. तेव्हा ती घाबरली, तिची भिती दूर करताना कासव मिनूला म्हणाले.

प्रश्न 4.
“कासवदादा, चला ना माझ्याबरोबर.”
उत्तर:
मिनू आपल्या आईकडे पुन्हा नदीच्या दिशेने निघाली तेव्हा मिनू कासवाला म्हणाली.

खालील प्रश्नांची एक-दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
मिनू कशी होती?
उत्तर:
मिनू इवलीशी, अगदी हाताच्या छोट्या बोटाएवढी होती.

प्रश्न 2.
मिनूचे कल्ले कसे होते?
उत्तर:
मिनू रूपेरी कल्ल्यांची होती. / मिनूचे कल्ले रूपेरी होते.

प्रश्न 3.
मिनूला कशाचा कंटाळा आला होता?
उत्तर:
मिनूला नदीच्या खोलगट भागात राहायचा कंटाळा आला होता.

प्रश्न 4.
मासे कोणाला शोधू लागले?
उत्तर:
मासे बावरून एकमेकांना शोधू लागले.

प्रश्न 5.
पाण्यात एका बाजूला लांबपर्यंत कशाच्या रांगा होत्या?
उत्तरः
पाण्यात एका बाजूला लांबपर्यंत खडकांच्या रांगा होत्या.

प्रश्न 6.
पाण्याच्या तळाशी कोण बसले होते?
उत्तर:
पाण्याच्या तळाशी कासव बसले होते.

प्रश्न 7.
मिनू कासवाजवळ कशी पोहचली?
उत्तर:
मिनू लाटांच्या पायऱ्या उतरत कासवाजवळ पोहचली.

प्रश्न 8.
दोन शिंपल्यांच्या मध्ये कोण बसलेला असतो?
उत्तर:
दोन शिंपल्यांच्या मध्ये एक किडा बसलेला असतो.

प्रश्न 9.
बटबटीत डोळे कोणाचे आहेत?
उत्तर:
बटबटीत डोळे खेकड्याचे आहेत.

प्रश्न 10.
खेकड्यावर शत्रू हल्ला का करू शकत नाही?
उत्तर:
खेकड्याच्या पाठीवर कासवासारखेच कठीण कवच असल्यामुळे शत्रू त्याच्यावर हल्ला करू शकत नाही.

प्रश्न 11.
खेकड्याला किती पाय असतात?
उत्तर:
खेकड्याला सहा तर कधी आठ पायही असतात.

प्रश्न 12.
तिरका तिरका चालणारा प्राणी कोणता?
उत्तर:
तिरका तिरका चालणारा प्राणी खेकडा होय.

प्रश्न 13.
खेकड्याच्या तोंडाजवळ काय असतात?
उत्तर:
खेकड्याच्या तोंडाजवळ दोन नांग्या असतात.

प्रश्न 14.
खेकड्याच्या दोन नांग्यामुळे त्याला कोणता फायदा होतो?
उत्तर:
खेकड्याच्या दोन नांग्यामुळे त्याला भक्ष्यही मिळते व त्याचे संरक्षणही होते.

खालील प्रश्नांची तीन-चार वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
आठ हात असणाऱ्या माशाविषयी कासवदादाने मिनूला काय सांगितले?
उत्तर:
आठ हात असणाऱ्या माशाविषयी कासवदादाने मिनूला सांगितले की, ‘तो आठ हात असलेला अष्टभुज मासा. तो कसा उलटा चालतोय, बघितलंस का? पाण्याच्या चुळा भरत हळूहळू मार्ग सरकतो. आपल्या आठ हातांनी मासे, खेकडे पकडून खातो.’ पाण्यात उतरणारी माणसंसुद्धा त्याला घाबरतात बरं का।

खालील वाक्यात एकेरी अवतरण चिन्हांचा वापर करून वाक्य लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
गाडगेबाबांच्या हातात नेहमी गाडगे असे; म्हणून लोक त्यांना नेहमी गाडगेबाबा म्हणत.
उत्तर:
गाडगेबाबांच्या हातात नेहमी गाडगे असे; म्हणून लोक त्यांना नेहमी ‘गाडगेबाबा’ म्हणत.

प्रश्न 2.
डॉ. बाबासाहेबांना सरकारने भारतरत्न ही पदवी बहाल केली.
उत्तर:
डॉ. बाबासाहेबांना सरकारने ‘भारतरत्न’ ही पदवी बहाल केली.

प्रश्न 3.
लोकमान्य टिळकांनी लोकांना जागृत करण्यासाठी मराठा व केसरी ही वर्तमानपत्रे सुरू केली.
उत्तर:
लोकमान्य टिळकांनी लोकांना जागृत करण्यासाठी ‘मराठा’ व ‘केसरी’ ही वर्तमानपत्र सुरू केली.

मिनूचा जलप्रवास Summary in Marathi

पाठपरिचयः

प्रस्तुत पाठात मिनू नावाच्या मासळीने केलेल्या जल प्रवासाचे वर्णन केले आहे. त्याचबरोबर समुद्रातील कासवाने दाखवलेल्या गमतीजमतीचे वर्णन केले आहे. त्याच्यातून आपणांस माशांमध्ये असलेल्या सामंजस्याचे दर्शन घडते.

शब्दार्थ:

1. जलप्रवास – पाण्यातून प्रवास (voyage)
2. निळे – (blue)
3. तळ – (to bottom)
4. वाळू – रेती (sand)
5. गोल गोटे – गोल लहान दगड (round stone)
6. सुळसुळ् – सहज (easy)
7. मासे – (fish)
8. समूह – समुदाय (crowd)
9. मासळी – मच्छी (fish)
10. इवलीशी – अगदी लहान (very small)
11. रूपेरी – चांदीच्या (silver)
12. नजरेआड – नजरेपासून दूर (out of sight)
13. खोलगट – किंचित खोल (slightly deep)
14. समुद्र – सागर (sea)
15. मुसळधार – खूप जोराचा (heavy, torrential)
16. लोंढे – प्रवाह (stream)
17. गढुळ – मातीमिश्रीत झालेले (not clear, muddy)
18. बावरून – गडबडून, गोंधळून (confusion)
19. वेगाने – गतीने (speedily)
20. गिरक्या – गोल गोल फिरत (whirling)
21. चक्कर – फेरफटका (stroll, around)
22. संग – ओळ (line)
23. गंमत – मौज, मजा (fun)
24. हळूहळू – सावकाश (slow)
25. टक्कर – आघात, धक्का (collision)
26. घोडमासा, – समुद्रातील वेगवेगळ्या माशांचे प्रकार समुद्रघोडा (one type of fish)
27. रोखाने – त्या दिशेने (towards)
28. कासव – (tortoise)
29. लाटा – पाण्याचा तरंग (waves)
30. पावला – प्रत्येक पावलावर (on each step) पावलांवर
31. अष्टभुज – आठ हत असलेला (having eight hands)
32. चुळा – तोंडाने पाणी बाहेर फेकणे (gurgle)
33. गुंडाळणे – आवरण घालणे (to cover)
34. कण – छोटा दाणा (particle)
35. तिरका – तिरकस (sloping, slanting)
36. बटबटीत – मोठे (big)
37. घाबरगुंडी – तीव्र भीती (panic)
38. कवच – आवरण (cover)
39. कठीण – कडक (hard)
40. शत्रू – दुश्मन (enemy)
41. हल्ला – चढाई (attack)
42. बेट्याला – (येथे अर्थ) खेकड्याला (to crab)
43. नांग्या – खेकड्याच्या तोंडाजवळील एक अवयव (part near mouth of a crab)
44. भक्ष्य – शिकार (prey)
45. प्रकाश – उजेड (light)
46. प्रचंड – खूप मोठे (huge)
47. क्षणभर – काही काळ (for some moments)

वाक्प्रचार व अर्थ:

1. नजरेआड न करणे – नजरेपासून दूर न करणे.
2. बावरून जाणे – गोंधळून जाणे.
3. चक्कर मारणे – फिरून येणे.
4. घाबरगुंडी उडणे – खूप घाबरणे.
5. डोळे विस्फारणे – डोळे मोठे करून बघणे.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Marathi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 5 सुगरणीचे घरटे Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5 सुगरणीचे घरटे

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions Chapter 5 सुगरणीचे घरटे Textbook Questions and Answers

1. एक-दोन शब्दात उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न अ.
सुगरण पक्षी घरटे कशापासून बनवतो?
उत्तर:
गवताच्या बारीक, चिवट काड्या.

प्रश्न आ.
सुगरण पक्षी घरटे कुठे बांधतो?
उत्तर:
निंब, बाभळीच्या झाडावर.

प्रश्न इ.
सुगरण पक्ष्याचा महत्त्वाचा गुण कोणता?
उत्तर:
कष्टाळूवृत्ती

2. खालील प्रश्नांची एक-दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न अ.
सुगरण पक्षी सुबक वीण कशाने घालतो?
उत्तर:
सुगरण पक्षी आपल्या चोचीने सुबक वीण घालतो.

प्रश्न आ.
सुगरण पक्ष्याचे हे घरटे वादळात शाबूत का राहते?
उत्तर:
सुगरण पक्ष्याचे घरटे अतिशय मजबूत असते. ते झाडाच्या फांदीला झोक्यासारखे टांगलेले असते. त्यामुळे वादळातही ते शाबूत राहते.

प्रश्न इ.
नयना सुगरण पक्ष्याबद्दल काय म्हणाली?
उत्तर:
नयना सुगरण पक्ष्याबद्दल म्हणाली की, ‘कुठे घाई नाही, गडबड नाही, सगळे कसे नियोजनबद्ध.’

प्रश्न ई.
सुगरण पक्षी कुटुंबवत्सल कसा? ते लिहा.
उत्तर:
सुगरण पक्षी आपल्या सुगरणीसाठी व पिलांसाठी सुरेख घर बांधतो. त्यासाठी अपार मेहनत करतो. म्हणूनच तो
कुटुंबवत्सल आहे.

प्रश्न उ.
सुगरण पक्ष्याला कसबी विणकर का म्हटले आहे?
उत्तर:
सुगरण पक्षी चोचीने आकारबद्ध व नक्षीदार वीण घालून घर बांधतो म्हणून त्याला कसबी विणकर म्हटले आहे.

3. वाक्प्रचार व त्यांचे अर्थ यांच्या जोड्या लावा. 

प्रश्न 1.
वाक्प्रचार व त्यांचे अर्थ यांच्या जोड्या लावा.

उत्तर:

4. खालील शब्दाचा वाक्यात उपयोग करा.

प्रश्न 1.
खालील शब्दांचा वाक्यांत उपयोग करा.
उत्तर:
(अ) सुबक – रमाने सुबक रांगोळी काढली.
(आ) कसब – कुंभार कसबीने माठ घडवितो.
(इ) चिकाटी – विदयार्थी चिकाटीने अभ्यास करतात.
(ई) मजबूत – दोरखंड मजबूत असतो.

5. तुम्हांला या पाठातून काय शिकायला मिळाले ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
तुम्हांला या पाठातून काय शिकायला मिळाले ते लिहा.
उत्तर:
1. कष्टाने व चिकाटीने आपण कोणत्याही कामात यश मिळवू शकतो.
2. नीटनेटकेपणाने आपले काम सुबक होते.

6. तुम्ही सुगरण पक्ष्याचे घरटे पाहिले आहे का? त्याचा आकार तुम्हांला कसा वाटला? त्याचे वर्णन करा.

प्रश्न 1.
तुम्ही सुगरण पक्ष्याचे घरटे पाहिले आहे का? त्याचा आकार तुम्हांला कसा वाटला? त्याचे वर्णन करा.
उत्तर:
होय. माळरानात निंबाच्या, बाभळीच्या झाडाला लटकलेली सुगरण पक्ष्याची घरटी पाहिली आहेत. मला त्याचा आकार खेळण्याच्या पत्त्यांमधील इस्पीकसारखा वाटला. नक्षीदार वीणकाम असलेले हे घरटे सुबक, मजबूत व वादळातही टिकणारे असते. ‘बाया’ नावाचा पक्षीच कसबीने हे घरटे तयार करतो. म्हणून त्याला ‘सुगरण’ म्हणतात.

7. खाली काही शब्द दिलेले आहेत, त्यापैकी सुगरण पक्ष्याला लागू होणारे शब्द शोधून आकृती पूर्ण करा.
नीटनेटका, चिकाटी, आळशी, जबाबदार, सहनशील, कष्टाळू, स्तुतीप्रिय, निर्दयी, झोपाळू

प्रश्न 1.
खाली काही शब्द दिलेले आहेत, त्यापैकी सुगरण पक्ष्याला लागू होणारे शब्द शोधून आकृती पूर्ण करा.
नीटनेटका, चिकाटी, आळशी, जबाबदार, सहनशील, कष्टाळू, स्तुतीप्रिय, निर्दयी, झोपाळू

उत्तर:

8. सुगरण पक्ष्याप्रमाणे तुमच्यात जर चिकाटी असेल, तर कोणकोणती कामे तुम्ही चांगली करू शकाल ते सांगा.
उपक्रम: तुम्ही पाहिलेले पक्षी व त्यांची घरटी यांची चित्रे गोळा करून एका मोठ्या कागदावर चिकटवा. त्याखाली त्यांची नावे लिहून तक्ता तयार करा.

खालील वाक्ये वाचा.

जेव्हा आपण एखादया शब्दाच्या आधी ‘तो’ लावतो तेव्हा तो पुल्लिंगी शब्द, ‘ती’ लावतो तेव्हा स्त्रीलिंगी शब्द, ‘ते’ लावतो तेव्हा नपुंसकलिंगी शब्द म्हणतो.
आणखी काही उदाहरणे वाचा. वाक्ये लिहिताना त्याप्रमाणे लिहा.

आपण समजून घेऊया.

मीना हुशार मुलगी आहे. मीनाच्या भावाचे नाव मिहीर आहे. मीना मिहीरला ‘दादा’ म्हणते. मिहीर मीनाला ‘ताई’ म्हणतो. मीना आणि मिहीर एकाच शाळेत शिकतात. मीना आणि मिहीर यांच्यात कधीच भांडणे होत नाहीत. मीना मोठी असल्याने मीना मिहीरची काळजी घेते.
वरील परिच्छेदात मीना आणि मिहीर या भावंडांचे वर्णन आले आहे. मीना व मिहीर या शब्दांऐवजी दुसरे शब्द वापरून तयार केलेला पुढील परिच्छेद वाचा.
मीना हुशार मुलगी आहे. तिच्या भावाचे नाव मिहीर आहे. ती त्याला ‘दादा’ म्हणते. तो तिला ‘ताई’ म्हणतो. ते एकाच शाळेत शिकतात. त्यांच्यामध्ये कधीच भांडणे होत नाहीत. ती मोठी असल्याने त्याची काळजी घेते.
मीना आणि मिहीर या नामांऐवजी आपण येथे तिच्या, ती, त्याला, तो, तिला, ते, त्यांच्या, ती, त्याची असे शब्द वापरले आहेत.
या शब्दांना सर्वनाम म्हणतात. नामाऐवजी आपण जो शब्द वापरतो, त्या शब्दास सर्वनाम म्हणतात.

खालील वाक्यातील सर्वनामे अधोरेखित करा.

(अ) मी कुमारला हाक मारली.
(आ) तुला नवीन दप्तर आणले.
(इ) त्याचा फोटो छान येतो.
(ई) मी त्यांना सुविचार सांगितला.
(उ) त्याने घर झाडून घेतले.
(ऊ) आपण पतंग उडवूया.

खालील परिच्छेद वाचा व त्यातील सर्वनामे अधोरेखित करा.

प्रश्न 1.
सुगरण पक्ष्याप्रमाणे तुमच्यात जर चिकाटी असेल, तर कोणकोणती कामे तुम्ही चांगली करू शकाल ते सांगा.
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
खालील वाक्यातील सर्वनामे अधोरेखित करा.

प्रश्न अ.
मी कुमारला हाक मारली.
उत्तर:
मी कुमारला हाक मारली.

प्रश्न आ.
तुला नवीन दप्तर आणले.
उत्तर:
तुला नवीन दप्तर आणले.

प्रश्न इ.
त्याचा फोटो छान येतो.
उत्तर:
त्याचा फोटो छान येतो.

प्रश्न ई.
मी त्यांना सुविचार सांगितला.
उत्तर:
मी त्यांना सुविचार सांगितला.

प्रश्न उ.
त्याने घर झाडून घेतले.
उत्तर:
त्याने घर झाडून घेतले.

प्रश्न ऊ.
आपण पतंग उडवूया.
उत्तर:
आपण पतंग उडवूया.

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions Chapter 5 सुगरणीचे घरटे Important Additional Questions and Answers

रिकाम्या जागी जुळणाऱ्या योग्य पर्यायाची निवड करून वाक्य पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 1.
……………….. असलेल्या निंबाच्या झाडावर सुगरण पक्षी घरटे बांधत होता.
(अ) शाळेच्या परिसरात
(ब) घराच्या अंगणात
उत्तर:
(अ) शाळेच्या परिसरात

प्रश्न 2.
मुले घरटे पाहत असताना ……………….. तिथे आले.
(अ) पक्षी
(ब) गुरुजी
उत्तर:
(ब) गुरुजी

प्रश्न 3.
……………….. पाहूनच या पक्ष्याला ‘सुगरण’ असे म्हणतात.
(अ) स्वयंपाकाचे कसब
(ब) नक्षीदार वीण
उत्तर:
(ब) नक्षीदार वीण

प्रश्न 4.
……………….. हे घरटे शाबूत राहते.
(अ) वादळातही
(ब) उन्हाळ्यातही
उत्तर:
(अ) वादळातही

प्रश्न 5.
किती ……………….. आहे हा पक्षी!
(अ) अपार आळशी
(ब) कसबी विणकर
उत्तर:
(ब) कसबी विणकर

एक-दोन शब्दांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
नयनाला सुगरण पक्ष्याच्या कामातील काय काय आवडायचे?
उत्तरः
सफाईदारपणा, नीटनेटकेपणा

प्रश्न 2.
घरट्याचे निरीक्षण कोण करते?
उत्तर:
सुगरणमादी

खालील प्रश्नांची एक-दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
मुलांनी गुरुजींना काय दाखविले?
उत्तर:
मुलांनी गुरुजींना सुगरणीचे घरटे दाखविले.

प्रश्न 2.
घरटे पाहण्यासाठी कोण कोण थांबायचे?
उत्तर:
अतुल, नयना, जॉन व सिमरन घरटे पाहण्यासाठी थांबायचे.

खालील प्रश्नांची दोन-तीन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
सुगरण पक्ष्याबद्दल सिमरनला काय वाटायचे?
उत्तर:
सिमरनला सुगरण पक्ष्याबद्दल वाटायचे की, हा पक्षी सुगरणीसाठी व पिलांसाठी सुरेख घर बांधतो. त्यासाठी तो अपार मेहनत घेतो. हा खूप जबाबदार व कुटुंबवत्सल पक्षी आहे.

प्रश्न 2.
नयनाला सुगरण पक्ष्याचे कौतुक का वाटते?
उत्तर:
सुगरण पक्षी आकारबद्ध घरटे बांधतो, तेही चोचीने. तो कसबी विणकर आहे. आपल्यालाही असे घरटे तयार करता येईल का? असा प्रश्न नयनाला पडतो आणि म्हणूनच तिला सुगरण पक्ष्याचे कौतुक वाटते.

प्रश्न 3.
गुरुजींनी सुगरण पक्ष्याविषयी कोणती माहिती दिली?
उत्तर:
सुगरण पक्षी नीटनेटके आणि मजबूत घरटे बांधतो. गवताच्या बारीक पण चिवट काड्यांनी तो सुबक, नक्षीदार घरटे बांधतो. नक्षीदार वीण पाहूनच या पक्ष्याला ‘सुगरण’ असे म्हणतात. सुगरण मादी त्या घरट्याचे निरीक्षण करते व मजबूत घरटे पसंत करते. निंब, बाभळीच्या झाडाच्या फांदीला हे घरटे झोक्यासारखे टांगलेले असते. वादळातही हे घरटे शाबूत असते. या घरट्याची सर कोणत्याही इतर पक्ष्याच्या घरट्याला येणार नाही.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास :

सर्वनाम : नामाऐवजी येणाऱ्या शब्दास म्हणतात.
जसे की – तो, ती, ते, त्याला इ.

खालील वाक्यातील सर्वनामे अधोरेखित करा.

प्रश्न 1.
तिने नवीन घर घेतले.
उत्तर:
तिने नवीन घर घेतले.

प्रश्न 2.
ते पावसात भिजले.
उत्तर:
ते पावसात भिजले.

प्रश्न 3.
लिंग ओळखा.
ससा, झाड, तलवार, कॅमेरा, पेला, पिशवी, पुस्तक, उशी, औषध.
उत्तर:

• पुल्लिंग – ससा, कॅमेरा, पेला
• स्त्रीलिंग – तलवार, पिशवी, उशी
• नपुंसकलिंग – झाड, पुस्तक, औषध

प्रश्न 4.
खालील शब्दांचा वाक्यांत उपयोग करा.
उत्तर:

1. निरीक्षण – सलीम अली पक्ष्यांचे निरीक्षण करीत.
2. नीटनेटके – आईचे काम नीटनेटके आहे.
3. घरटे – कोकीळ पक्षी घरटे बांधत नाही.
4. नियोजनबद्ध – कोणतेही काम नियोजनबद्ध हवे.
5. मोहून टाकणे – श्रीकृष्णाच्या चित्राने माझे मन मोहून टाकले.

सुगरणीचे घरटे Summary in Marathi

पाठपरिचयः

प्रस्तुत पाठात सुगरण पक्ष्याच्या घरट्याचे वर्णन केले आहे. सुगरणपक्षी अत्यंत मेहनतीने, चिकाटीने घर बांधतो. सुगरणमादी घराची मजबूती पारखते व मगच घर पसंत करते. सुगरणपक्षी कुटुंबवत्सल व कष्टाळू आहे. त्याचे घर बांधण्याचे कसब पाहून मन थक्क होते.

शब्दर्थ:

1. निरीक्षण – अवलोकन (observation)
2. हालचाल – हालणे (movement)
3. नियोजनबद्ध – आखीवरेखीव (planned)
4. सफाईदार – व्यवस्थित (cleanliness)
5. कष्टाळू – कष्ट करण्याची प्रवृत्ती (hard work)
6. चिकाटी – अथक परिश्रम (perseverance)
7. सुबक – सुंदर (beautiful)
8. अपार – खूप (very much)
9. मजबूत – पक्के (tight)
10. शाबूत राहणे – टिकून राहणे (sustain)
11. कसब – कौशल्य (skill)
12. विणकाम – धागे एकमेकांत गुंफणे (weaving)

वाक्प्रचार व अर्थ:

1. सर येणे – बरोबरी करणे.
2. वाखाणणी करणे – स्तुती करणे.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 1 सैर Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Hindi Solutions Chapter 1 सैर

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions Chapter 1 सैर Textbook Questions and Answers

चित्रों का परिचयः

पहला चित्र बस स्थानक का है। बस स्थानक के सामने यात्रियों की यात्रा सुखद होने की कामना की गई है। बस स्थानक पर तीन विभाग दिखाई दे रहे हैं। विभाग क्रमांक १ के पास पीने के पानी की व्यवस्था की गई है। कुछ लोग बस पकड़ने के लिए बस की ओर जा रहे हैं तो कुछ लोग अपनी यात्रा पूरी कर बाहर जा रहे हैं। एक व्यक्ति समाचार पत्र बेच रहा है। बस स्थानक के बाईं ओर स्वच्छतागृह बना हुआ है। बस स्थानक पर स्वच्छता है। हमें सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर स्वच्छता रखनी चाहिए। राष्ट्रीय संपत्ति हमारी संपत्ति है। इसकी सुरक्षा करनी चाहिए।
दूसरे चित्र में बंदरगाह दिखाई दे रहा है। समुद्र के रास्ते जो सामग्रियाँ आती हैं, वे बंदरगाह पर उतारी जाती हैं। वहाँ से वे देश के अन्य हिस्सों में भेजी जाती हैं। इसी तरह विदेशों में भी इसी जगह से वस्तुओं को भेजा जाता है। बंदरगाह और जल को स्वच्छ रखने की सूचना दिखाई पड़ रही है। हमें जल को स्वच्छ रखना चाहिए। स्वच्छ भारत रखेंगे तो ही भारत स्वस्थ होगा।
तिसरे चित्र में आवागमन के साधन दिखाई दे रहे हैं। चित्र में अंतरराष्ट्रीय हवाई अड्डा दिखाई दे रहा है। हवाई अड्डे पर कार, बस, ट्रक आदि खड़े हैं।
चौथा चित्र रेल स्थानक का है। कुछ लोग स्थानक से बाहर निकल रहे हैं। एक व्यक्ति सफाई कर रहा है। हमें सार्वजनिक स्थानों | पर स्वच्छता रखनी चाहिए।

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions Chapter 1 सैर Additional Important Questions and Answers

उपर दिए गए चित्रों को देखकर निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए:

Question 1.
बस स्थानक पर कितनी बस दिखाई दे रही हैं?
Answer:
तीन।

Question 2.
बस पर क्या लिखा हुआ है?
Answer:
राष्ट्रीय संपत्ति, हमारी संपत्ति।

Question 3.
बंदरगाह पर पानी के वाहन कितने दिखाई दे रहे हैं?
Answer:
चौदह।

Question 4.
‘पानी में कचरा न डालें।’ कहा लिखा हुआ है?
Answer:
बंदरगाह पर।

Question 5.
स्वस्थ भारत के लिए क्या आवश्यक है?
Answer:
स्वच्छता।

सही शब्द चुनकर रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए:

(यात्रा, लाल, बस स्थानक, तीन, बंदरगाह)

Question 1.
पहला चित्र ……………… का है।
Answer:
बसस्थानक

Question 2.
दूसरे चित्र में ……………… दिखाई दे रहा है।
Answer:
बंदरगाह

Question 3.
बस स्थानक पर ……………… विभाग क्रमांक हैं।
Answer:
तीन

Question 4.
आपकी ………………सुखद हो।
Answer:
यात्रा

Question 5. सरकारी बस ……………… रंग की होती हैं।
Answer:
लाल

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों के सामने सही (✓) अथवा गलत (✗) का निशान लगाइए:

Question 1.
बस स्थानक पर पुस्तकालय दिखाई दे रहा है।
Answer:
✗

Question 2.
बस स्थानक पर कूडेदान रखा है।
Answer:
✗

Question 3.
बंदरगाह के पास पक्षी उड़ रहे हैं।
Answer:
✓

Question 4.
बंदरगाह के पास पीने का पानी दिखाई दे रहा है।
Answer:
✓

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए:

Question 1.
यातायात के साधनों के नाम लिखिए।
Answer:
कार, बस, रेलगाड़ी, हवाई जहाज़ आदि।

Question 2.
यातायात के साधनों को कितने वर्गों में बाँटा जा सकता
Answer:
यातायात के साधनों को तीन वर्गों में बाँटा जा सकता है।

Question 3.
आवागमन के साधनों के तीनों वर्गों के नाम लिखिए।
Answer:
जल, थल और वायु मार्ग।

Question 4.
थल मार्ग के द्वारा यात्रा के कौन – कौन से साधन हैं?
Answer:
साइकिल, मोटर साइकिल, रिक्शा, कार, बस, रेलगाड़ी आदि।

Question 5.
यातायात के किस मार्ग के लिए बंदरगाह बनाए जाते
Answer:
बंदरगाह का उपयोग जलमार्ग के लिए किया जाता है।

दिए गए चित्र को देखकर निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए:

Question 1.
हवाई अड्डे पर कितने हवाई जहाज़ दिखाई दे रहे हैं?
Answer:
तीन।

Question 2.
हवाई अड्डे पर क्या सूचना लिखी ह?
उत्तरः
धूमपान मना है।

Question 3.
चौथे चित्र में रेलगाड़ी की संख्या कितनी है?
Answer:
एक।

Question 4.
टिकट घर के ऊपर क्या सूचना लिखी है?
Answer:
लावारिस वस्तुओं को हाथ न लगाएँ।

Question 5.
रेल स्थानक पर सामान ढोने वाले को क्या कहते हैं?
Answer:
कुली।

निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से उचित शब्द चुनकर रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए:

Question 1.
_______ वस्तओं को हाथ न लगाएँ।
Answer:
लावारिस

Question 2.
अपने ________ का ध्यान रखें।
Answer:
सामान

Question 3.
________ मना है।
Answer:
धूम्रपान

Question 4.
यात्रा में ________ और _________ सहायता करनी चाहिए।
Answer:
महिलाओं, वृद्धों

Question 5.
सुंदरता और स्वच्छता से राष्ट्र का नाम ________ होता है।
Answer:
ऊँचा

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए:

Question 1.
आवागमन के साधनों का क्या महत्त्व है?
Answer:
आवागमन के साधनों से समय की बचत होती है।

Question 2.
आवागमन के साधनों में सबसे तेज़ी से कौन चलता है?
Answer:
हवाई जहाज़ आवागमन का सबसे तेज़ साधन है।

Question 3.
रेल द्वारा क्या-क्या कार्य किया जाता है?
Answer:
रेल द्वारा यात्रा करने और माल ढुलाई का कार्य किया जाता है।

Question 4.
लावारिस सामान को हाथ लगाने से क्या होता है?
Answer:
लावारिस सामान विस्फोटक हुआ तो जान जा सकती है।

Question 5.
धूम्रपान क्यों नहीं करना चाहिए?
Answer:
धूम्रपान स्वास्थ्य के लिए खतरनाक होता है, इसलिए धूम्रपान नहीं करना चाहिए।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Marathi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 1 भारतमाता Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Marathi Solutions Chapter 1 भारतमाता (गाणे)

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions Chapter 1 भारतमाता Textbook Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
रिकाम्या जागा भरा.

1. रंग वेगळे ……….. वेगळे, तरी येथली सर्व फुले.
2. मानव सारे ………… असती, शिकवण ही जगतास दिली.
3. या मातेची मुले ………. सदा तिचा ध्वज उंच धरु.
4. प्रियतम अमुचे …………… हे, प्रियतम या गंगा जमुना.

उत्तर:

1. गंध
2. समान
3. सद्गुणी
4. सह्यविंध्य

प्रश्न 2.
जोड्या जुळवा.

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
कवितेच्या खालील ओळी पूर्ण करा.

1. प्रियतम अमुची …………………. तिची मुले.
2. रंग वेगळे …………….. सर्व फुले.
3. प्रिय आम्हाला …………… झुळझुळते.
4. प्रियकर ही डुलणारी ……………. सळसळते.
5. प्रियतम आमुचा ………….. जो गगना.
6. प्रियतम अमुचे सह्यविंध्य …………. जमुना.
7. या मातेची …………. प्रिय झाली.
8. या मातेची ………….. उंच धरु.

उत्तर:

1. भारतमाता, आम्ही सारी
2. गंध वेगळे, तरी येथली
3. येथील माती, प्रिय हे पाणा
4. शेते, प्रिय हे वारे
5. धवल हिमालय, बघे भिडाया
6. हे, प्रियतम या गंगा
7. मुले सद्गुणी, सर्व जगाला
8. मुले लाडकी, सदा तिचा ध्वज प्रश्न

खालील प्रश्नांची एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
सारी मुले कुणाची आहेत?
उत्तर:
सारी मुले भारतमातेची आहेत.

प्रश्न 2.
फुले कशी आहेत?
उत्तर:
फुले विविध रंगांची व गंधाची आहेत.

प्रश्न 3.
हिमालय कसा आहे?
उत्तर:
हिमालय धवल व गगनाला भिडणारा आहे.

प्रश्न 4.
भारतमातेने जगतास कोणती शिकवण दिली?
उत्तर:
सारे मानव समान आहेत ही शिकवण भारतमातेने जगतास दिली.

प्रश्न 5.
भारतमातेची मुले काय करणार आहेत?
उत्तर:
भारतमातेची मुले ध्वज उंच करणार आहेत.

खालील प्रश्नांची दोन-तीन वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
कवयित्रीला कोण कोण प्रिय आहे?
उत्तर:
कवयित्रीला भारतमाता, सर्व फुले, माती, पाणी, शेते, वारे, हिमालय, सह्याद्री व विध्य पर्वत, गंगा, जमुना, सर्व मुले प्रिय आहेत.

प्रश्न 2.
भारतमातेची मुले कशी आहेत? त्यांनी कोणती शिकवण दिली?
उत्तर:
भारतमातेची मुले सद्गुणी आहेत. त्यांनी मानव सारे समान आहेत ही शिकवण सर्व जगाला दिली.

प्रश्न 3.
भारतमातेविषयी कृतज्ञता कशी व्यक्त केली आहे?
उत्तर:
भारतमाता सर्वांना प्रिय आहे. तिला सर्व वंदन करत आहेत. तिचा ध्वज उंच फडकवून तिच्याविषयी कृतज्ञता व्यक्त केली आहे.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास:

प्रश्न 1.
वचन बदला.

1. मुलगा
2. माती
3. पाणी
4. नदी
5. किडा
6. भाजी
7. घर
8. झाड
9. शेत

उत्तर :

1. मुले
2. माती
3. पाणी
4. नदया
5. किडे
6. भाज्या
7. घरे
8. झाडे
9. शेते

प्रश्न 2.
खालील शब्दांचे समानार्थी शब्द लिहा.

1. वंदन
2. माता
3. सदा
4. गंध
5. लाडकी

उत्तर:

1. नमस्कार
2. आई
3. नेहमी
4. सुवास
5. आवडती, प्रिय

प्रश्न 3.
खालील शब्दांचे विरूद्धार्थी अर्थाचे शब्द लिहा.

1. प्रियतम
2. समान
3. उंच
4. सद्गुणी

उत्तर:

1. अप्रिय
2. असमान
3. बुटका, ठेंगणा
4. दुर्गुणी

प्रश्न 4.
कवितेमध्ये आलेले यमक जुळणारे शब्द शोधा.

1. मुले
2. झुळझुळते
3. गगना
4. दिली
5. करू

उत्तर:

1. फुले
2. सळसळते
3. जमुना
4. झाली
5. धरू

लेखन विभाग:

प्रश्न 1.
‘भारतमाता’ शब्द वापरून चार वाक्ये लिहा.
उत्तर:

1. भारतमाता आम्हाला प्रिय आहे.
2. आम्ही भारतमातेला वंदन करू.
3. भारतमातेचा ध्वज उंच धरू,
4. आम्ही भारतमातेची मुले आहोत.

प्रश्न 2.
भारतमाता विविध गोष्टींनी नटलेली आहे. चौकटीत त्यांची नावे लिहा.

उत्तर:

1. हिमालय
2. फुले
3. माती
4. पाणी
5. गंगा, जमुना
6. सयविंध्य

भारतमाता (गाणे) Summary in Marathi

काव्य परिचय:

भारतमाता ही भारतभूमीचे वैशिष्ट्य सांगणारी कविता आहे. भारताच्या मातीत विविधता आहे. निसर्ग भरभरून फुलला आहे. पर्वतराजी उंच उंच आहेत. हिची प्रजा गुणी असून जगतासाठी आदर्श आहे. भारतमातेविषयी आदर व कृतज्ञता बाळगून आपण तिचा गौरव वाढवू व ध्वज उंच फडकवू हा अर्थ या कवितेतून प्रतित होतो.

शब्दार्थ:

1. प्रियतम – आवडती, प्रियकर (darling)
2. अमुची – आपली (ours’)
3. गंध – वास (odour, smell)
4. माती – मृत्तिका (earth, soil)
5. डुलणारी – वाऱ्यावर हलणारी (oscillating)
6. शेते – शेती (farming)
7. धवल – पांढराशुभ्र, सफेद (white)
8. भिडणे – पोहोचणे (to meet)
9. गगन – आकाश (sky)
10. सयविंध्य – सह्याद्री, विंध्याचल पर्वत (Sahyadri)
11. मानव – माणूस (human being)
12. शिकवण – उपदेश (to advise, teaching)
13. सद्गुणी – गुणवान (virtuous)
14. सदा – नेहमी (always)
15. ध्वज – झेंडा (flag)
16. वंदन – नमस्कार (salutation)

वाक्प्रचार व अर्थ:

1. भिडणे – जाऊन ठेपणे, पोहोचणे

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati मेला Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Hindi Solutions मेला

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions मेला Textbook Questions and Answers

चित्रों का परिचयः
गाँवों में किसी विशेष अवसर पर मेला लगता है। वहाँ तरह – तरह की दुकानें लगती हैं। बच्चे अपने माता – पिता के साथ मेला घूमने जाते हैं। मेले में जगह – जगह कूड़ेदान रखे जाते हैं। पीने के लिए पानी की व्यवस्था होती है। लोगों की सहायता के लिए सहायता-कक्ष होते हैं। चोर-उचक्कों से सुरक्षा के लिए सुरक्षा-चौकी बनाई जाती है। आग से बचाव के लिए दमकल की गाड़ियाँ तैयार रहती हैं। मेले में साफ-सफाई रखनी चाहिए। मेले में लोगों का अच्छा मनोरंजन होता है, इसलिए इस अवसर पर सभी के चेहरों पर हँसी ही हँसी छलकती है।

Hindi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions मेला Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों के सामने सही (✓) अथवा गलत (✗) का निशान लगाइए:

Question 1.
कुछ लोग झूला झूल रहे हैं।
Answer:
✓

Question 2.
खिलौने वाला खिलौना फेंक रहा है।
Answer:
✗

Question 3.
एक लड़की गुब्बारा खरीद रही है।
Answer:
✓

Question 4.
सुरक्षा-चौकी के बाहर लोगों की भीड़ लगी है।
Answer:
✗

Question 5.
नल से पानी बह रहा है।
Answer:
✗

रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए:

Question 1.
मेले में दमकल की ……………… गाड़ियाँ खड़ी हैं।
Answer:
दो

Question 2.
‘बूंद – बूंद पानी बचाओ।’ ……………… के पास लिखा
Answer:
नल

Question 3.
हमें कचरा ……………… में डालना चाहिए।
Answer:
कूड़ा-दान

Question 4.
सुरक्षा-चौकी के बाहर ……………… बैठा है।
Answer:
सिपाही

Question 5.
मेला घूमने के लिए ……………… तैयार रहते हैं।
Answer:
बच्चे

Question 6.
मेले में सभी ……………… दिखाई देते हैं।
Answer:
खुश

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में लिखिए:

Question 1.
आप मेला किसके साथ जाते हैं?
Answer:
हम मेला अपने माता-पिता के साथ जाते हैं।

Question 2.
मेले में दमकल की गाड़ियाँ क्यों खड़ी रहती हैं?
Answer:
मेले में आगजनी से सुरक्षा प्रदान करने के लिए दमकल की गाड़िया खड़ी रहती हैं।

Question 3.
मेले में स्वच्छता के लिए क्या किया जाता है?
Answer:
मेले में स्वच्छता के लिए जगह-जगह पर कूड़ा-दान रखा जाता है।

Question 4.
सहायता कक्ष क्या काम करता है?
Answer:
सहायता कक्ष मेले में खो जाने वाले बच्चों को उनके माता-पिता से मिलाता है।

Question 5.
मेले में आप क्या-क्या करते हैं?
Answer:
मेले में हम खाते हैं, खिलौने खरीदते हैं और झूला झूलते हैं।

Question 6.
मेले में शांति बनाए रखने का काम कौन करता है?
Answer:
मेले में शांति बनाए रखने का काम सुरक्षा-चौकी करती है।