Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Class 7 English Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write what is implied in the following sentences.

Question a.
But few know his inspirational life story, which is all about courage and fighting against the odds.
(What does it tell you about Faraday’s life?)
Answer:
Faraday was bom into an extremely poor family. He had a speech defect which ended his formal education. He wanted to become a scientist. He came across a lot of difficulties and failures but through courage and determination, he achieved fame and name.

Question b.
Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday.
(What do the words ‘even then’ suggest?)
Answer:
Davy hired Faraday as his Secretary. Faraday worked relentlessly and became indespensible to Davy. ‘Even then’ suggests that even though Faraday did everything to prove himself, Davy did not believe that Faraday was capable of doing anything great.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question c.
People started telling Davy that of all his discoveries, the best was Faraday himself.
(What does it suggest about Davy’s work?)
Answer:
The line suggests that the people felt that Davy had made discoveries which were good but Faraday’s discoveries stood out in comparison to Davy’s work.

2. Break the passage into convenient smaller sections. Give sub-headings or titles to each section.

Question 1.
Break the passage into convenient smaller sections. Give sub-headings or titles to each section.
Answer:

  • 1st para: Michael Faraday, an inspiration
  • 2nd para: Unhappy childhood
  • 3rd para: Reading, an obsession
  • 4th para: Twist in life
  • 5th para: Magic of Electricity
  • 6th para: Play of destiny
  • 7th para: Fruits of labour
  • 8th para: Revolution for mankind
  • 9th para: A scientist is born
  • 10th para: Challenges in life
  • 11th para: Magic of magnets
  • 12th para: A legend is born
  • 13th para: Failure – a stepping stone to success
  • 14th para: Obstacles – a challenge
  • 15th para: Luck smiles again
  • 16th para: Believe in yourself

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

3. List the different gadgets and instruments mentioned in the passage. Find more information about them (at least 3), using the Internet.

Question 1.
List the different gadgets and instruments mentioned in the passage. Find more information about them (at least 3), using the Internet.
Answer:
Gadgets and Instruments:
Fan, air conditioners, sewing machines, power tools, cars, trains, aeroplane engines, induction motors, telescopes, Bavarian glass, microscopes, electrical generators, light bulbs. Now you add to the list of gadgets and instruments. You can add your own too.

1. Microscope: It is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), a Dutch scientist, who in the late 17th century became the first man to make and use a real microscope. All microscopes came with a lens that can magnify 40 times the normal size.

2. Electrical generator: It was invented by Michael Faraday in 1831. It is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Sources of mechanical energy include steam, turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, etc. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

3. Fan: A fan is a machine used to create flow within a fluid, typically a gas such as air. The fan consists of a rotating arrangement of blades which act on the fluid. The fan was invented by Schuyler Skaats Wheeler in 1882.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

4. Find out more about the following scientists with the help of the internet.
(a) Michael Faraday
(b) Humphry Davy
(c) Thomos Edison
(d) James Maxwell

Question 1.
Find out more about the following scientists with the help of the internet.
Answer:
(a) Michael Faraday: Michael Faraday (1791-1867) was an English (British) Scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. He was highly influenced by Humphry Davy and William Thomas Brande. He had notable awards to his credit, a few being Royal Medal, Copley Medal, Rumford Medal, Albert Medal.

(b) Humphry Davy: Humphry Davy (1778-1829) was a British scientist. It was he who found out that the inhalation of nitrous oxide produced surprising results, it came to be known as the laughing gas. He was awarded a medal by Napoleon and he identified the element iodine for the first time. He is remembered for his discoveries of sodium, potassium, calcium.

(c) Thomas Alva Edison: Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) an American inventor and businessman, has been described as America’s greatest inventor. He invented the photograph in 1877 because of which he came to be known as ‘The Wizard of Monto Park’. Thomas Edison had hearing problems during his childhood which persisted. The phonograph was the first machine that could record the sound of someone’s voice and play it back.

Edison recited the nursery rhyme ‘Mary had a little lamb’ and the phonograph played the words back to him. This was invented by a man whose hearing was poor and thought himself as deaf. It was Edison who designed a system of power plants. He has got 1093 patents to his credit. Many awards to his credit. Some of them are Franklin Medal, Albert Medal, Technical Grammy Award, etc.

(d) James Clerk Maxwell: James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics His most notable work was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation. He is known as the Father of Modern Physics. His other contributions included producing the first colour photograph taken in 1861 and many more. He earned an array of awards. To name a few, Rumford Medal, Keith and Hopkins prize, Adams prize, etc.

5. Language Study: Subject and predicate: A word or a phrase in a sentence that shows who or what does the action, is the subject. In the following sentences, the underlined part is the subject.
The baby is laughing.
The glass fell from the table.
The predicate Ls the part of a sentence that tells us something about the subject. The underlined parts of the following sentences show the predicates in them.
The baby is laughing.
The glass fell from the table.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Class 7 English Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the meaning of:

Question i.
Reading became his obsession.
Answer:
He could think of nothing else but reading.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question ii.
Electricity became a lifelong fascination.
Answer:
Electricity enchanted him throughout his life. Electricity was his passion throughout his life.

Question 2.
Why do you think Faraday’s friend gave him a free ticket to Davy’s programme?
Answer:
Faraday’s friend gave him a free ticket to Davy’s programme because he knew about Faraday’s fascination for electricity and also that he could not afford the ticket.

Question 3.
Give one example each to show that:

Question i.
Faraday was a good pupil.
Answer:
Davy tried to find out how an electric current could be applied continuously, but failed to figure it out. He asked Faraday to try his hand at it. Faraday set to work and within a few days, solved the problem.

Question ii.
Davy was not a good mentor.
Answer:
Davy was not happy at Faraday’s achievement but was jealous of Faraday.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question 4.
An induction motor is a commonly used electrical machine. What examples of its uses are given here?
Answer:
The examples of electrical machine in which induction motor is commonly used are:

  1. fans
  2. air conditioning
  3. sewing machines
  4. photographs
  5. power tools
  6. cars
  7. trains
  8. aeroplane engines.

Question 5.
Why were Faraday’s drawings not accepted?
Answer:
Faraday’s drawing were without any mathematical equations as he did not know much about advanced mathematics and lacked formal education. Faraday’s drawing without mathematical equation could not be understood and so his drawings were not accepted.

Question 6.
Does it mean they were wrong?
Answer:
No, Faraday’s drawings were not wrong. It lacked mathematical equations because of which it could not be understood.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
State whether true or false.
i. Faraday’s Laws are about electricity.
ii. Faraday did not suffer speech defect as an adult.
Answer:
i. True
ii. True.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Where was Michael Faraday bom?
Answer:
Michael Faraday was born into a poverty- stricken family in a dirty London suburb.

Question 2.
What came to an end when Michael Faraday was twelve?
Answer:
Michael Faraday’s formal education came to an end when he was twelve.

Question 3.
What were the odds against Faraday in his childhood?
Answer:
Faraday was born into an extremely poor family. He suffered from speech defect as a child. He could not even pronounce his own name. Other children laughed at him and even his teachers did not help him. when he was twelve, his mother was forced to pull him out from school. This put an end to his formal education.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Vocabulary:

Give the word meaning for.

Question 1.
‘mentor’
Answer:
A wise and trusted counsellor or teacher.

Question 2.
‘reverse engineer it’
Answer:
Taking apart an object and analyzing its components and workings in detail.

Word building.

Question i.
Give the noun form:
(a) inventor
(b) friend
(c) mysterious
(d) agree
Answer:
(a) invention
(b)friendship
(c) mystery
(d) agreement

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question ii.
Give the verb form:
(a) explosion
(b) comprehensive
(c) revolution
(d) success
(e) inspirational
(f) education
(g) modem
(h) courage
Answer:
(a) explode
(b) comprehend
(c) revolve
(d) succeed
(e) inspire
(f) educate
(g) modernize
(h) encourage

Question iii.
Give the adverb form:
(a) difficult
(b) secret
(c) random
(d) invisible
Answer:
(a) difficulty
(b) secretly
(c) randomly
(d) invisibly

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question iv.
Give the adjective form:
(a) communicate
(b) education
(c) experiment
(d) succeed
Answer:
(a) communicative
(b) educative
(c) experimental
(d) successful

Grammar:

Question 1.
Michael Faraday is regarded as one of the most distinguished scientists and inventors! (Add question tag)
Answer:
Michael Faraday is regarded as one of the most distinguished scientists and inventors isn’t it?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you like reading inspirational stories?
Answer:
Yes, I do like reading inspirational stories. Reading inspirational stories motivates me to do something in life so that I too can gain fame and name while trying to make the world a better place to live in.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

State whether the following statements are true or false.

Question i.
Faraday succeeded Davy as the head of the laboratory after Davy’s death.
Answer:
True

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question ii.
He was so engrossed in the lecture that he applaud with the rest of the crowd.
Answer:
False

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
What was the subject of Davy’s lecture?
Answer:
The subject of Davy’s lecture was ‘The Mysterious force of Electric Fluid’.

Question 2.
What happens when an electric current is applied to a wire?
Answer:
When an electric current is applied to a wire, it causes that wire to behave like a magnet.

Question 3.
Why did Davy choose Faraday as his assistant?
Answer:
Davy was temporarily blinded by a chemical explosion which took place inside his lab. He needed an assistant with an excellent memory. He was reminded of Faraday and decided to make him his assistant.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question 4.
Was Davy fair in his treatment of Faraday?
Answer:
No, Davy was unfair in his treatment of Faraday. He looked down upon Faraday because of his low social status and education. He told Faraday not to aspire for too.much and to stick to book-binding.

Question 5.
How did Faraday respond to that treatment?
Answer:
Davy’s treatment did not dishearten Faraday. Faraday was relentless. He worked day and night and learnt as much as he could and became indispensible to Davy.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give the noun forms of the following.
i. comprehensive
ii. aspire
Answer:
i. comprehension
ii. aspiration.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question 2.
Give the adverb form:
i. difficult
ii. invisible
Answer:
i. difficulty
ii. invisibly.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Destiny had a strange plan in store for him. (Use a question tag)
Answer:
Destiny had a strange plan in store for him, didn’t it?

Question 2.
Identify the subject and predicate from the following sentences.

  1. Davy became his role model.
  2. Destiny had a strange plan in store for him. Subject Predicate
Subject Predicate
a. Davy became his role model.
b. Destiny had a strange plan in store for him.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What actions and thoughts of Faraday show that he was inspired by Davy?
Answer:
The actions and thoughts of Faraday which shows he was inspired by Davy are as follows:

  1. He kept taking notes.
  2. He was so engrossed in the lecture that he forgot to applaud.
  3. He bound the notes he had taken down into a book, hoping to gift it to Davy.
  4. He was inspired to become a great scientist and Davy became his role model.
  5. Faraday thought that it would be wonderful if Davy became his mentor.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Say whether the following statements are true or false.

Question i.
Faraday succeeded Davy in 1829.
Answer:
True

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question ii.
In 1830 Faraday developed memory loss which continued for the rest of his life.
Answer:
False

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
When did Faraday develop memory loss?
Answer:
Faraday developed memory loss in 1840.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give a sub-heading or title to the extract.
Answer:
‘Faraday – a Legend is born’.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Grammar:

Question 1.
Find any 4 verbs from the above extract.
Answer:
died, succeeded, made, moved.

Question 2.
Find any 2 proper nouns from the above extract.
Answer:
Faraday and Davy.

Question 3.
Faraday was now a legend. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Faraday was now a legend, wasn’t he?

Question 4.
Remember that piece of Bavarian glass Faraday had kept on his shelf? (State the Kind of sentence)
Answer:
Interrogative Sentence.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Write the idea behind an electrical generator.
Answer:
Faraday noticed that if he moved a magnet, it would produce electrical current, converting motion into electricity. This is how the electrical generator came into being.

Question 2.
How far did Faraday convert the reminder of his first major failure into an instrument of great success?
Answer:
Faraday used the reminder of his first major failure, the Bavarian glass, to show the concept of polarisation. He thus converted it into an instrument of great success.

Question 3.
What complicated experiment did Faraday begin after he developed a memory loss?
Answer:
After developing a memory loss, Faraday began a complicated experiment to prove that light was closely related to electricity and magnetism.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Language Study

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Pick out the subject and predicate.

Question i.
A wealthy, educated physicist, he met.
Answer:
Subject: He
Predicate: met a wealthy, educated physicist

Question ii.
He was unable to explain.
Answer:
Subject: He
Predicate: was unable to explain

Question iii.
The induction motor spurred a revolution.
Answer:
Subject: The induction motor
Predicate: spurred a revolution

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question iv.
At thirteen, however, he stated working.
Answer:
Subject: He
Predicate: started working at thirteen

Question v.
One day he came across a book on electricity.
Answer:
Subject: He
Predicate: came across a book on electricity one day.

Question vi.
Other children laughed at him.
Answer:

  • Subject: Other children
  • Predicate: laughed at him
  • Remember: If there is no subject, put a ‘you’ in the subjects place.
  • e.g. Shut the door.
  • Subject: You Predicate: Shut the door

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question 2.
Other children laughed at him. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Other children laughed at him. didn’t they?

Question 3.
He started reading it. (State the kind of verb – Transitive/ Intransitive)
Answer:
started – transitive verb reading – transitive verb

Question 4.
Other children laughed at him. (Begin with’He…’)
Answer:
He was laughed at by other children.

Question 5.
Faraday solved the problem. (End with ‘…Faraday’)
Answer:
The problem was solved by Faraday.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question 6.
Faraday was now a legend. (Make it interrogative)
Answer:
Wasn’t Faraday now a legend?

Question 7.
James Maxwell was a wealthy, educated physicist. (Frame a ‘Wh’ question so as to get the underlined word as the answer)
Answer:
Who was James Maxwell?

Question 8.
Get me a glass of water. (Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
Subject-You
Predicate – Get me a glass of water.

Question 9.
He undertook it as challenges and opportunities. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined words)
Answer:
challenges, opportunities – nouns.
Writing Skills

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Question 10.
Find out from the internet an inspiring story.
Answer:
Lionel Messi, bom in 1987, into a middle-class family who lived in Argentina. He grew up in a football-loving family. He developed a passion for football at an early age. At 5, he showed great skills at a club coached by his father. It was strange to see that he was way too short when compared to the boys of his age. Wherever he went he was the shortest of all.

This did not stop him from playing. At the age of 11, he was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and had to take medical assistance. Every night he had to take an injection in his legs for 3 years. His family could not afford the treatment for long. Though he was a great asset for his soccer club, they refused to pay his bills. Lady Luck smiled on him and his family. At 13, he got an offer from F. C. Barcelona that they would pay for his treatment if he played for them.

His family moved to Spain with no money or job, all in the hope that his treatment will make him big enough to play soccer. At 17, despite being injury prone he became the youngest player in F. C. Barcelona to score a goal and became a star performer. Today, Lionel Messi is known as one of the greatest footballers of all time. He has won the most Ballon d’Ors in the world. The FIFA Ballon d’Or (Golden Ball) also known as the European Footballer of the year, was an annual association football award presented to the world’s best male player.
Messi’s story teaches us ‘Never lose hope.
You never know what tomorrow might bring. Keep believing in yourself’.

Great Scientists Summary in English

The lesson ‘Great Scientists’ is an inspirational and motivational lesson. The story about Michael Faraday and his journey through all odds in life to become one of the most distinguished scientists and inventors of modern times is really an eye-opener to all those who give up easily when faced with a difficult situation. Perseverance and a will to win will surely reach you to the height of success is described in this story. This is a story all teens must-read.

Introduction:

The lesson ‘Great Scientists’ is taken from the introduction to ‘Reignited’ by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Glossary:

  1. persevering (v) – to continue doing something in a determined way despite having difficulties ‘
  2. deterred (v) – discouraged
  3. distinguished (adj) – renowned, famous
  4. inspirational (adj) – encouraged or making you feel you want to do something
  5. poverty-stricken (adj) – extremely poor
  6. defect (n) – lack or fault in a person
  7. formal education (n) – classroom based education given by trained teachers
  8. obsession (n) – the state of being preoccupied with someone or something
  9. fascination (n) – passion
  10. renowned (adj) – famous
  11. comprehensive (adj) – exhaustive
  12. dejected (adj) – sad
  13. relentless (adj) – persistent
  14. indispensable (adj) – that one cannot do without
  15. career (n) – profession, occupation
  16. revolution (n) – something that signifies a great change
  17. reverse (v) – to turn something inside out
  18. accomplish (v) – to finish successfully
  19. significant (n) – notable
  20. souvenir (n) – an item of sentimental value
  21. complicated (adj) – difficult
  22. randomly (adj) – without definite direction
  23. filings (n) – particles of something (metal)
  24. invisible (adj) – which cannot be seen
  25. galaxies (n) – milky way
  26. aliens (n) – any life form of extra terrestrial origin
  27. conviction (n) – belief
  28. epitomizes (v) – sums up
  29. mentor (n) – a wise and trusted counsellor or teacher
  30. reverse engineer it – taking apart an object and analyzing its components and working in detail
  31. dynamo – a machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy
  32. applaud – clap.
  33. perseverance – hard work.
  34. aspirations (n) – hopes of achieving something.
  35. binding (v) – to join separate pieces of paper and make a book.
  36. chemist (n) – a person who does chemical experiments or research.
  37. consistent (adj) – that does not change over a period of time.
  38. engrossed (v) – engaged with complete attention.
  39. hooked (adj) – being so excited about something that you are unable to leave.
  40. isolated (adj) – alone, separate.
  41. legend (n) – a person who is very famous and admired.
  42. novel (adj) – new and unusual.
  43. pursue (v) – to engage in an activity over a long period of time.

Read More:

LTIM Pivot Point Calculator

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

Class 7 Science Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill ¡n the blanks with the proper words from the brackets.
(stationary, zero, changing, constant, displacement, velocity, speed. acceleration, stationary but not zero. inc reuses)

Question a.
If a body traverses a distance in direct proportion to the time, the speed of the body is ……………… .
Answer:
constant

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

Question b.
If a body is moving with a constant velocity, its acceleration is ……………… .
Answer:
zero

Question c.
……………. is a scalar quantity.
Answer:
Speed

Question d.
…………….. is the distance traversed by a body in a particular direction in unit time.
Answer:
Velocity

2. Observe the figure and answer the questions.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work 1

Sachin and Sarneer started on a motorbike from place A, took the turn at 13, did a task at C, travelled by the route CD to D and then went on to E. Altogether, they took one hour for this journey. Find out the actual distance traversed by them and the displacement from A to E. From this, deduce their speed. What was their velocity from A to E in the direction AE’? Can this velocity be called average velocity?

Question a.
Observe the figure and answer the questions
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work 1

Sachin and Sarneer started on a motorbike from place A, took the turn at 13, did a task at C, travelled by the route CD to D and then went on to E. Altogether, they took one hour for this journey. Find out the actual distance traversed by them and the displacement from A to E. From this, deduce their speed. What was their velocity from A to E in the direction AE’? Can this velocity be called average velocity?
Answer:
1. Actual distance = \(\overline{\mathrm{AB}}\) + \(\overline{\mathrm{BC}}\) + \(\overline{\mathrm{CD}}\) + \(\overline{\mathrm{DE}}\) = 3 + 4 + 5 + 3
Actual distance = 15 km

2. Displacement = \(\overline{\mathrm{AB}}\) + \(\overline{\mathrm{BD}}\) + \(\overline{\mathrm{DE}}\)
= 3 + 3 + 3
Displacement = 9 km

3. Speed = \(\frac{\text { Distance travelled }}{\text { Total time }}\)
Distance = 15 km = 15 × 1000 = 15000 m
Time = 1 hr = 1 × 60 × 60 = 3600 sec.
s = \(\frac{15000}{3600}\) or s = \(\frac{15 \mathrm{~km}}{1 \text { hour }}\) = 15km/hour
= 4.16 m/sec. or 15 km/hour

4. Velocity = \(\frac{\text { Distance travelled }}{\text { Total time }}\)
Displacement = 9 km = 9 × 1000 = 9000 m
Time = 1 hr = 1 × 60 × 60 = 3600 sec
V = \(\frac{9000}{3600}\) or V = \(\frac{9 \mathrm{~km}}{1 \text { hour }}\) = 9 km/hour
= 2.5 m/sec. or 9 km/hour

5. Yes, this velocity can be called as average velocity.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

3. From the groups B and C, choose the proper words, for each of the words in group A.

Question a.
From the groups B and C, choose the proper words, for each of the words in group A.
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work 2
Answer:

Group ‘A’ Group B’ Group ‘C’
Work Joule erg
Force Newton dyne
Displacement Metre cm

4. A bird sitting on a wire, flies, circles around and comes back to its perch. Explain the total distance it traversed during its flight and its eventual displacement.

Question a.
Answer:
The total distance the bird has traversed is the length of the distance covered by circling, but the eventual displacement are the bird is zero as its initial and final position are one and the same.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

5. Explain the following concepts in your own words with everyday examples: force, work, displacement, velocity, acceleration, distance.

Question a.
Explain the following concepts in your own words with everyday examples: force, work, displacement, velocity, acceleration, distance.
Answer:
1. Force: The interaction that brings about the acceleration is called force.
e.g: An ox is pulling a cart, applying brakes to a bicycle, lifting heavy iron object with a crane.

2. Work: When an object is displaced by applying a force on it, work is said to be done.
e.g: A bucketful of water is to be drawn from a well and taken to the home by walking from well to home.

3. Displacement: The minimum distance
traversed by a moving body in one direction from the original point to reach the final point is called displacement.
e.g: A rolling of a ball from point A to point B in the same direction.

4. Velocity: Velocity is the distance traversed by a body in a specific direction in unit time.
e.g: A truck is covering a distance of 40km from A to D in a straight line in 1 hour.
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work 5

5. Acceleration: It is change in velocity per second. It can be deduced.
Acceleration = \(\frac{\text { Change in velocity }}{\text { Time taken for change }}\)
e.g:
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work 6

(i) In the above example a truck covered the distance AB at velocity of 60 km/hr, BC at 30 km/hr and CD at 40 km/hr. (ii) It means that the velocity for the distance CD is greater than the velocity for the distance BC. (iii) From the number of seconds required for this change in velocity to take place, the change in velocity per second can be deduced. This is called acceleration (iv) Distance: The length of the route actually traversed by a moving body irrespective of the direction is called distance.
e.g: Ranjit travelled 1km. from his home to school.

6. A ball is rolling from A to D on a flat and smooth surface. Its speed is 2 cm/s. On reaching B, it was pushed continuously up to C. On reaching D from C, its speed had become 4 cm/s. It took 2 seconds for it to go from B to C. What is the acceleration of the ball as it goes from B to C.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work 3

Question a.
A ball is rolling from A to D on a flat and smooth surface. Its speed is 2 cm/s. On reaching B, it was pushed continuously up to C. On reaching D from C, its speed had become 4 cm/s. It took 2 seconds for it to go from B to C. What is the acceleration of the ball as it goes from B to C.
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work 3
Answer:
As its initial and final positions are one and the same.
Initial Velocity = 2 cm/s.
Final Velocity = 4 cm/s
Time taken for the change in velocity from B to
D = 4 cm/s – 2 cm/s = 2 cm/s
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work 4

7. Solve the following problems.

Question a.
A force of 1000 N was applied to stop a car that was moving with a constant velocity. The car stopped after moving through 10m. How much is the work done?
Answer:
Force (F) = 1000 N
displacement (s) = 10m
work done (W) = ?
W = Fs
= 1000 × 10
W = 10,000 Joule

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

Question b.
A cart with mass 20 kg went 50 m in a straight line on a plain and smooth road when a force of 2 N was applied to it. How much work was done by the force?
Answer:
Force (F) = 2 N
Displacement (s) = 50 m
Work done (W) = ?
W = Fs
= 2 × 50
W = 100 Joule

Project:

Question a.
Collect information about the study made by Sir Isaac Newton regarding force and acceleration and discuss it with your teacher.

Class 7 Science Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work Important Questions and Answers

Fill in blanks:

Question 1.
Displacement is a …………. quantity.
Answer:
vector

Question 2.
The …………. of an object can change even while it is moving along a straight line.
Answer:
velocity

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

Question 3.
The …………. velocity can be different at different times.
Answer:
instantaneous

Question 4.
Change in velocity per second is called …………. .
Answer:
acceleration

Question 5.
The interaction that brings about the acceleration is called …………. .
Answer:
force

Question 6.
The scientist …………. was the first to study force and the resulting acceleration.
Answer:
Sir Isaac Nezvton

Question 7.
Ability to do work is called …………. .
Answer:
Energy

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

Question 8.
W = …………. × S.
Answer:
F

Question 9.
Unit of work is …………. and …………. .
Answer:
Joule, erg

Question 10.
Unit of force is …………. and …………. .
Answer:
Newton, dyne

Question 11.
Force is a …………. quantity.
Answer:
vector

Question 12.
The velocity at a particular time is called …………. velocity.
Answer:
instantaneous

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

Question 13.
The …………. of a body is the distance traversed per unit time.
Answer:
speed

Question 14.
Unit of acceleration is …………. and …………. .
Answer:
m/s2 and cm/s2

Question 15.
Force is measured by the …………. that it produces.
Answer:
acceleration

Question 16.
Work done by a body with no displacement will be …………. .
Answer:
zero

Say whether True or False, correct the false 1 statements:

Question 1.
Velocity is distance travelled per unit of time.
Answer:
False. Speed is distance travelled per unit of time

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

Question 2.
In displacement, both distance and direction are taken into account.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Speed = Distance/time.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Change in speed per second is acceleration.
Answer:
False. Change in velocity per second is acceleration

Question 5.
Work done depends on the force and the displacement.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
C.G.S. unit of acceleration is m/s2.
Answer:
False. C.G.S. unit of acceleration is cm/s2.

Question 7.
M.K.S. unit of force is dyne.
Answer:
False. M.K.S. unit of force is Newton

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

Question 8.
Force is measured by the acceleration that it produces.
Answer:
True

Write the difference between the following:

Question 1.
Speed and Velocity
Answer:

Speed Velocity
1. Speed is distance travelled per unit of time. 1. Velocity is the distance traversed by a body in a specific direction in unit time.
2. It is a scalar quantity. 2. It is a vector quantity.
3. Formula:
Speed = \(\frac{\text { Distance traversed }}{\text { Total time }}\)
3. Formula:
Velocity = \(\frac{\text { Displacement }}{\text { Total time }}\)

Question 2.
Distance and Displacement
Answer:

Distance Displacement
1. The length of the route actually traversed by a moving body, irrespective of the direction is called distance. 1. The minimum distance traversed by a moving body in one direction from the original point to reach the final point is called displacement.
2. It is a scalar quantity. 2. It is a vector quantity.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

Solve the following problems!

Question 1.
A bus travelled 200 km in the first 3 hours and then 100 kms for the next one and a half hours and then 120 kms for the next one and a half hours. What is the average velocity of the bus if it has moved in a straight line for the whole journey.
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work 7

Question 2.
See the diagram and calculate the Distance and Displacement travelled by the body from A to I.
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work 8
Answer:
Distance travelled =
A → B → C → D → E → F → G → H + I
= 5 + 7 + 6 + 3 + 5 + 4 + 6 + 5
= 41 m
Displacement = A → I in a straight line shortest distance
= 1m

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

Use your brainpower:

Question 1.
The unit of acceleration is m/s2, verify this.
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work 9

Question 2.
Acceleration is a vector quantity. Is force a vector quantity too?
Answer:
Yes, acceleration and force both are vector quantities, because both can be expressed completely only when magnitude and direction are given and the quantity which needs direction and magnitude both is called a vector quantity.

Maharashtra Board Practice Set 36 Class 7 Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Maths Solutions covers the 7th Std Maths Practice Set 36 Answers Solutions Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them.

Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them Class 7 Practice Set 36 Answers Solutions Chapter 8

Question 1.
Simplify (3x – 11y) – (17x + 13y) and choose the right answer.
(A) 7x – 12y
(B) -14x – 54y
(C) -3(5x + 4y)
(D) -2(7x + 12y)
Solution:
(D) -2(7x + 12y)

Hints:
(3x – 11y) – (17x + 13y) = 3x – 11y – 17x – 13y
= – 14x – 24y
= – 2 × 7x – 2 × 12y
= – 2(7x + 12y)

Question 2.
The product of (23x²y³z) and (-15x³yz²) is __
(A) -34x5y4z3
(B) 34x2y3z5
(C) 145x3y2z
(D) 170x3y2z3
Solution:
(A) -34x5y4z3

Question 3.
Solve the following equations:
i. \(4 x+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{9}{2}\)
ii. 10 = 2y + 5
iii. 5m – 4 = 1
iv. 6x – 1 = 3x + 8
v. 2(x – 4) = 4x + 2
vi. 5(x + 1) = 74
Solution:
i. \(4 x+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{9}{2}\)
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them Practice Set 36 1

ii. 10 = 2y + 5
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them Practice Set 36 2

iii. 5m – 4 = 1
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them Practice Set 36 3

iv. 6x – 1 = 3x + 8
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them Practice Set 36 4

v. 2(x – 4) = 4x + 2
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them Practice Set 36 5

vi. 5(x + 1) = 74
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Maths Solutions Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them Practice Set 36 6

Question 4.
Rakesh’s age is less than Sania’s age by 5 years. The sum of their ages is 27 years. How old are they?
Solution:
Let the age of Rakesh be x years.
∴ Sania’s age = (x + 5) years.
According to the given condition,
x + (x + 5) = 27
∴ 2x + 5 = 27
∴ 2x = 27 – 5
∴ 2x = 22
∴ \(x=\frac { 22 }{ 2 }=11\)
Sania’s age = x + 5 = 11 + 5 = 16 years
∴ The ages of Rakesh and Sania are 11 years and 16 years respectively.

Question 5.
When planting a forest, the number of jambhul trees planted was greater than the number of ashoka trees by 60. If there are altogether 200 trees of these two types, how many jambhul trees were planted?
Solution:
Let the number of jambhul trees planted be x.
∴ Number of ashoka trees = x – 60
According to the given condition, x + x – 60 = 200
∴ 2x = 200 + 60
∴ 2x = 260
∴ \(x=\frac { 260 }{ 2 }=130\)
∴ 130 jambhul trees were planted.

Question 6.
Shubhangi has twice as many 20-rupee notes as she has 50-rupee notes. Altogether, she has 2700 rupees. How many 50-rupee notes does she have?
Solution:
Let the number of 50-rupee notes with shubhangi be x.
∴ Number of 20-rupee notes = 2x
∴ Total amount with Shubhangi = Number of 50-rupee notes × 50 + Number of 20-rupee notes × 20
= x × 50 + 2x × 20
= 50x + 40x
= 90x
According to the given condition,
90x = 2700
∴ \(x=\frac { 2700 }{ 90 }=30\)
∴ Shubhangi has 30 notes of 50 rupees.

Question 7.
virat made twice as many runs as Rohit. The total of their scores is 2 less than a double century. How many runs did each of them make?
Solution:
Let the runs made by Rohit be x.
∴ Runs made by Virat = 2x
According to the given condition,
x + 2x = 200 – 2
∴ 3x = 198
∴ \(x=\frac { 198 }{ 3 }=66\)
∴ Runs made by Virat = 2x = 2 × 66 = 132
∴ The runs made by Virat and Rohit are 132 and 66 respectively.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Maths Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them Practice Set 36 Intext Questions and Activities

Question 1.
Solve the following equations. (Textbook pg. no. 59)
i. x + 7 = 4
ii. 4p = 12
iii. m – 5 = 4
iv. \(\frac { t }{ 3 }=6\)
Solution:
i. x + 7 = 4
∴ x + 7 – 7 = 4 – 7 ….(Subtracting 7 from both sides)
∴ x + 0 = -3
∴ x = -3

ii. 4p = 12
∴ \(\frac{4 p}{4}=\frac{12}{4}\) ….(Dividing both sides by 4)
∴ p = 3

iii. m – 5 = 4
∴ m – 5 + 5 = 4 + 5
…. (Adding 5 to both sides)
∴ m + 0 = 9
∴ m = 9

iv. \(\frac { t }{ 3 }=6\)
∴ \(\frac { t }{ 3 }\) × 3 = 6 × 3 …. (Multiplying both sides by 3)
∴ t = 18

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र Textbook Questions and Answers

1. खालील प्रश्नांची एक-दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न अ.
विदयार्थ्यांनी अभयारण्यात सहलीला जाण्याचा हट्ट का धरला?
उत्तर:
जानेवारी महिन्यात विज्ञान केंद्रातर्फे शाळेत पक्ष्यांसंबंधीची चित्रफीत दाखवली होती. ती पाहून विद्यार्थ्यांनी अभयारण्यात सहलीला जाण्याचा हट्ट धरला.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

प्रश्न आ.
अभयारण्यातून फिरताना सरांनी विद्यार्थ्यांना माळढोक पक्ष्याबद्दल काय सांगितले?
उत्तर:
अभयारण्यातून फिरत असताना सरांनी विद्यार्थ्यांना सांगितले की, ‘भारतातून नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असलेल्या माळढोक या अत्यंत देखण्या पक्ष्याला वाचवण्यासाठी वनविभागानं हे अभयारण्य घोषित केललं आहे.’

चर्चा करा. सांगा.

  • पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे, याविषयी पालकांसोबत चर्चा करा.
  • पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढवण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय करू शकता, याविषयी मित्रांसोबत चर्चा करून यादी तयार करा.

माहिती मिळवूया.

माहिती घेण्यासाठी किंवा देण्यासाठी अनेक साधने वापरली जातात. खाली माहिती देवाणघेवाण करण्याची/संवादाची काही साधने दिली आहेत. त्यांतील काही साधने एकतर्फी व काही साधने दुतर्फी माहितीची/संवादाची देवाणघेवाण करतात. त्यांची माहिती मिळवा व दिलेल्या तक्त्यात वर्गीकरण करा.
फॅक्स, पत्र, ई-मेल, मोबाइल, आंतरजाल, रेडिओ, वर्तमानपत्र, मोबाइल संदेश, चर्चा, मुलाखत, जाहिरात, भाषण, संभाषण.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र 1

उपक्रम:
तुम्ही भेट दिलेल्या एखादया पर्यटनस्थळाचे वर्णन करणारे पत्र मित्राला/मैत्रिणीला लिहा.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

शब्दकोडे सोडवूया.

खालील चौकोनांतील अक्षरांमध्ये क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये लपलेली आहेत. उभ्या,आडव्यावतिरप्या पद्धतीने अक्षरे घेऊन क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये बनवावदिलेल्या जागेत लिहा.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र 2

प्रश्न 1.
खालील चौकोनांतील अक्षरांमध्ये क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये लपलेली आहेत. उभ्या,आडव्यावतिरप्या पद्धतीने अक्षरे घेऊन क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये बनवावदिलेल्या जागेत लिहा.
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र 2
उत्तर:
हळू, काही, आज, तिकडे, थोडासा, मोजके, तसा, वर, जरा, खाली, अनेक, तर.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र Important Additional Questions and Answers

एक किंवा दोन शब्दांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

  1. दादाला पत्र लिहणारी – …………………….
  2. सहल कुठे गेली होती? …………………….
  3. भारतात नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असलेला पक्षी – …………………….
  4. माळढोक पक्षी कोणाचा मित्र आहे? …………………….
  5. माळढोक पक्षी वर्षातून किती वेळा अंडी घालतो? …………………….
  6. माळढोक पक्ष्यांबरोबर पाहिलेले पक्षी – …………………….
  7. पक्ष्यांचे फोटो काढण्यापूर्वी कोणाची पूर्वपरवानगी घ्यावी लागते – …………………….
  8. संतुलित’ पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक कोणाला म्हटले आहे – …………………….
  9. अभयारण्यातून फिरताना बहिणीला कोणाची खूप आठवण आली? …………………….

उत्तरः

  1. आयेशा
  2. माळढोक अभयारण्यात
  3. माळढोक
  4. शेतकऱ्याचा
  5. वर्षातून एकदाच
  6. चंडोल, माळटिटवी
  7. वनखात्याची
  8. पक्ष्यांना
  9. दादाची

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

शब्दसमूहाबद्दल एक शब्द लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

  1. खूप जण मिळून एकत्र फिरायला जाणे
  2. पडक्यावर एकामागोमाग एक दाखविलेले चित्र
  3. पशू-पक्षी सुरक्षिततेसाठी असलेली जागा
  4. फोटो काढण्यासाठी वापरण्यात येणारे साधन
  5. मनातील भावनांना, विचारांना लेखी उद्गार देणारे साधन

उत्तरः

  1. सहल
  2. चित्रफीत
  3. अभयारण्य
  4. कॅमेरा
  5. पत्र

खालील प्रश्नांची एक-दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
‘माळढोक पक्ष्याला शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र असे का म्हटले आहे?
उत्तर:
माळढोक पक्ष्याला शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र असे म्हटले आहे, कारण शेतातील किड्यांवर तो गुजराण करतो. त्यामुळे शेतातील किडे कमी होऊन पिकांचे त्यांपासून रक्षण होते.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

प्रश्न 2.
माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी का होत आहे?
उत्तर:
माळढोक पक्षी वर्षातून एकदाच अंडी घालतो. शिवाय त्यांची अंडी जमिनीवर असल्याने इतर प्राणी ती तुडवून जातात, त्यामुळे माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी होत आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
सरांनी पक्ष्यांबद्दल सांगितलेली कोणती गोष्ट मुलांना पटली?
उत्तर:
सरांनी पक्ष्यांबद्दल सांगितले की, “पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे. प्रदूषण टाळण्यात, ङ्केवियांचं वाहन करण्यात त्यांची प्रमुख भूमिका असते.’

प्रश्न 4.
अभयारण्यातून फिरताना बहिणीला सर्वांत जास्त कोणाची आठवण आली व का?
उत्तर:
अभयारण्यातून फिरताना बहिणीला सर्वांत जास्त दादाची आठवण आली कारण दादालाही पक्षी खूप आवडत.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 1.
माळढोक अभयारण्यात पाहिलेले पक्षी
उत्तर:
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र 3

प्रश्न 2.
पक्ष्यांची या गोष्टीत प्रमुख भूमिका असते
उत्तरः
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र 4

पुढील उतारा वाचून सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती 1 : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा..
उत्तरः
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र 5

प्रश्न 2.
रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
1. माळढोक पक्ष्यांबरोबरच आम्ही चंडोल, …………… तसेच इतर पक्षीही पाहिले.
2. पक्ष्यांचे फोटो काढण्यापूर्वी ………… पूर्वपरवानगी घ्यावी.
उत्तर:
1. माळटिटवी
2. वनखात्याची

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

कृती 2 : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
उत्तरे लिहा.
1. भारतातून नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असलेला पक्षी – [ ]
2. माळढोक पक्ष्यांबरोबरच पाहिलेले इतर पक्षी – [ ]
उत्तर:
1. माळढोक
2. चंडोल, माळटिटवी

प्रश्न 2.
खालील प्रश्नांची एका वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न i.
माळढोक अभयारण्य कोणत्या मार्गावर वसले आहे?
उत्तर:
माळढोक अभयारण्य सोलापूर-बार्शी मार्गावर वसले आहे

प्रश्न ii.
माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी कधी होते?
उत्तर:
इतर प्राण्यांनी माळढोक पक्ष्यांची अंडी तुडवल्यास माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी होते.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

कृती 3 : व्याकरण कृती

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थी शब्द लिहा.
(i) सुंदर (ii) खग (iii) जंगल (iv) सखा
उत्तर:
(i) देखणी (ii) पक्षी (iii) वन (iv) मित्र

प्रश्न 2.
वचन बदला.
(i) वन (ii) गाव (iii) किडे (iv) पक्षी
उत्तर:
(i) वने (ii) गावे (iii) किडा (iv) पक्षी

प्रश्न 3.
खालील वाक्ये लेखननियमांनुसार लिहा.

प्रश्न i.
सहलिच्या दिवसी आम्ही पहाटेच निघालो.
उत्तर:
सहलीच्या दिवशी आम्ही पहाटेच निघालो.

प्रश्न ii.
माळढोक पक्षी शेतकरयाचा मीत्र आहे.
उत्तर:
माळढोक पक्षी शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र आहे.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

कृती 4 : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे, याविषयी तुमचे मत लिहा.
उत्तर:
निसर्ग हा सजीव व निर्जीव घटकांनी बनला आहे. यातील ङ्केप्रत्येक पटकांचा आकार, रंग, गुण हे वैशिष्टयपूर्ण असतात. पक्षीसुद्धा निसर्गाच्या या अविभाज्य घटकांपैकीच एक आहेत. निसर्गाच्या अन्नसाखळीत ते कुणाचे तरी भक्ष्य बनत असतात तर कुणाचे तरी ते भक्षक बनत असतात. अन्नसाखळीतील त्यांच्या या भूमिकेमुळे पर्यावरणाचा समतोल साधला जातो.

प्रश्न 2.
पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय करू शकता, याबद्दलची तुमची भूमिका स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तर:
आजकाल निसर्गातील अनपेक्षित व अनिष्ट बदलांचा परिणाम प्राणीजीवनाबरोबरच पक्ष्यांवरही होताना दिसतो. दिवसेंदिवस वाढणारी उष्णता व त्याच वेगाने निर्माण होणारी पाण्याची कमतरता यांमुळे पक्षांचे जीवन संकटात सापडले आहे. त्यांच्या वेगवेगळ्या प्रजातींची संख्या वाढवण्यासाठी शासकीय पातळीवर पक्षी अभयारण्ये उभारण्यासाठी जनजागृती मोहीम हाती घेऊ, तसेच मनुष्यवस्ती असलेल्या भागांत त्यांच्या दाणापाण्याची व्यवस्था करू.

त्याचबरोबर पक्ष्यांचे जीवन सुसहर होण्यासाठी वृक्षलागवडीसारखे उपक्रम हाती घेऊ. एवढेच नाही तर ज्या प्रजाती नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर आहेत अशा प्रजातींचे रक्षण करण्यासाठी शासकीय स्तरावर त्यांच्या शिकारीस व हत्येस प्रतिबंध करू.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास

खालील शब्दांचे विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र 6
उत्तरः

  1. मित्र × शत्रू
  2. संतुलित × असंतुलित
  3. काल × आज
  4. देखणा × कुरूप

प्रश्न 2.
खालील वाक्यांतील नाम, सर्वनाम, विशेषण, क्रियापद ओळखा.
1. इतका देखणा पक्षी मी यापूर्वी कधीही बघितला नव्हता.
2. अभयारण्यातून फिरताना मला तुझी खूप आठवण आली
उत्तर:

नाम सर्वनाम विशेषण क्रियापद
1.  पक्षी मी देखणा नव्हता
2. अभयारण्य मला, तुझी खूप आली

प्रश्न 3.
खालील वाक्प्रचारांचा वाक्यात उपयोग करा.
उत्तर:
1. घोषित करणे – क्रिकेटच्या संघाचा संघप्रमुख म्हणून माझे नाव घोषित करण्यात आले.
2. निरखून बघणे – मी झाडावरील पक्ष्याला त्याचे घरटे बांधताना निरखून बघत होतो.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

शब्दकोडे सोडवूया.

खालील चौकोनांतील अक्षरांमध्ये क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये लपलेली आहेत. उभ्या,आडव्यावतिरप्या पद्धतीने अक्षरे घेऊन क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये बनवावदिलेल्या जागेत लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र 7
उत्तरः
एकदा, मजेशीर, तेथून, लगबगीने, मुळीच, तसाच, जरा, मागे, आता, पुढे.

खालील वाक्ये शुद्ध करून लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
दादा, आम्ही हा माळढोक पक्षी जवळुन नीरखून बघीतला.
उत्तर:
दादा आम्ही ह्य माळढोक पक्षी जवळून निरखून बघितला.
उदा.

  1. जाता-येता
  2. चार-पाच
  3. कधी-कधी

खालील वाक्यांत संयोग चिन्हाचा वापर करा. उदा.

प्रश्न 1.
कोणतीही गोष्ट कष्टाशिवाय साध्य होत नाही. विदयार्थांनी देखील अभ्यास करताना या कष्टाचा पाठपुरावा’ करावा रोज दोन तीन तास वाचन करावे.
उत्तरः
कोणतीही गोष्ट कष्टाशिवाय साध्य होत नाही. विदयार्थ्यां नी देखील अभ्यास करताना या कष्टाचा पाठपुरावा करावा. रोज दोन-तीन तास वाचन करावे.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

लेखन विभाग

प्रश्न 1.
माहिती घेण्यासाठी किंवा देण्यासाठी अनेक साधने वापरली जातात. खाली माहिती देवाणघेवाण करण्याची । संवादाची काही साधने दिली आहेत. त्यातील काही साधने एकतर्फी व काही साधने दुतर्फी माहितीची / संवादाची देवाणघेवाण करतात, त्यांची माहिती मिळवा व दिलेल्या तक्त्यात वर्गीकरण करा.
फॅक्स, पत्र, ई-मेल, मोबाइल, आंतरजाल, रेडिओ, वर्तमानपत्र, मोबाइल संदेश, चर्चा, मुलाखत, जाहिरात, भाषण, संभाषण.
उत्तर:

एकतर्फी माहीतीची/ संवादाची साधने दुतर्फी माहितीची संवादाची साधने
फॅक्स, पत्र, आंतरजाल, रेडिओ, वर्तमानपत्र, जाहिरात, भाषण ई-मेल, मोबाइल, मोबाइल संदेश, चर्चा, मुलाखत, संभाषण

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

प्रश्न 2.
चर्चा करा, सांगा व लिहा.
उत्तर:
पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे, या विषयी पालकांसोबत चर्चा करा.

  • आई : राधिका त्या चिमणीसाठी भांड्यात थोडे पाणी ठेव पाहू.
  • राधिका : मी नाही.
  • आई : राधिका या उन्हाळ्याच्या दिवसात माणसांप्रमाणे पक्ष्यांनाही खूप तहान लागते.
  • राधिका : मला का सांगते? ती का माझी मैत्रिण आहे?
  • आई : राधिका, पक्षी हे आपल्यासाठी खूप महत्त्वाचे असतात.
  • राधिका : सांग पाहू कसे ते?
  • आई : पक्षी आपण टाकून दिलेल्या फळांच्या बिया खातात, व त्यांच्या विष्ठेतून त्या बाहेर पडतात. त्यातूनच काही बिया रूजतात व झाडे उगवतात.
  • राधिका : खरचं आई?
  • आई : होय! जंगलात झाडे लावायला आपण जातो का?
  • राधिका : नाही?
  • आई : ती सर्व झाडे पक्ष्यांमुळेच उगवतात. आपल्या आजूबाजूला जी बडा-पिंपळाची झाडे दिसतात ना, ती ही तशाच प्रकारे उगवली आहेत.
  • राधिका : आई, तू म्हणतेस ते अगदी बरोबर आहे. अजून पक्षी कोणते काम करतात?
  • आई : पक्षी मेलेले उंदीर किंवा इतर नको असलेला कचरा किंवा छोट्या किटकांना खातात. त्यामुळे आपला परिसर स्वच्छ राहतो व पर्यावरण संतुलित राहायला मदत होते.
  • राधिका : आई मी माझ्या मित्रमैत्रिणींना सुद्धा पक्ष्यांची काळजी घ्यायला सांगेन.

प्रश्न 3.
पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढवण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय करू शकता, या विषयी मित्रांसोबत चर्चा करून यादी तयार करा.
उत्तर:
सुवर्णा : अरे राज, तू चिमणी पाहिली आहेस का?
राज : दोन-तीन वर्षांपूर्वी मी एक चिमणी पाहिली होती, पण हल्ली चिमण्या कुठेच दिसत नाहीत.
सुवर्णा : याचे काय कारण आहे हे तुला माहीत आहे का?
राज : नाही
सुवर्णा : थांब मी तुला सांगते. आपल्या सर्व मित्र मैत्रिणींना पण तू बोलव! (सर्व मित्र मैत्रिणी एकत्र येतात.) आपल्याला सर्वांना पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढविण्यासाठी काय करता येईल. यावर चर्चा करावयाची आहे. तर मग सांगा पाहू. (एकेक जण सांगू लागतात.) (1) आपण सर्वांत प्रथम झाडांची संख्या वाढवली पाहिजे. (2) पक्ष्यांसाठी पाण्याची सोय केली पाहिजे. (3) त्यांची घरटी सुरक्षित राहतील याकडे लक्ष दिले पाहिजे. (4) काहीजण पक्ष्यांची अंडी दुष्टपणे फोडून टाकतात ती वाचवली पाहिजेत.

(5) पक्ष्यांसाठी कृत्रिम घरे तयार करायला पाहिजेत. (6) पक्षी ओल्या कचऱ्याबरोबर कधीतरी प्लॅस्टिक पण खातात. यासाठी ओला व सुका कचरा वेगळा केला पाहिजे. (7) पक्षी झाडांकडे आकर्षित होतील अशा हिरव्यागार झाडांची संख्या वाढविली पाहिजे. (8) पक्ष्याना त्रास होणार नाही यासाठी मोठमोठ्या ध्वनिक्षेपकांचा आवाज टाळला पाहिजे. (9) फटाके उडविताना त्यांचा मोठा आवाज होतो त्यामुळे पक्षी घाबरतात, यासाठी आवाजविरहीत फटाके वाजविले पाहिजेत. (10) पक्ष्यांसाठी अन्नधान्य शेतात व इतर ठिकाणी राखून ठेवले पाहिजे.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

प्रश्न 4.
तुम्ही भेट दिलेल्या एखाद्या पर्यटन स्थळाचे वर्णन करणारे पत्र मित्राला : मैत्रिणीला लिहा.
उत्तर:
॥श्री ।।

अ.ब. क.
सुयश अपार्टमेंट,
गांधी मार्ग, मधली आळी,
पनवेल 400805
दि.10 जुन 2018

प्रिय मित्र सुनिल यास,
सप्रेम नमस्कार तुझे पत्र मिळाले. यावेळी मे महिन्यात आई बाबांबरोबर मी महाबळेश्वरला गेलो होतो. त्यामुळे तुला पत्र लिहू शकलो नाही.

महाबळेश्वर हे उत्तम पर्यटन स्थळ आहे. अरे तिथले वातावरण तर खूपच सुंदर आहे. आम्ही तिचे सनसेट पॉईंटला गेलो होतो. तिथे इतका जोराचा वारा येतो की मला क्षणभर वाटले की मी ही वाऱ्याबरोबर उडून जातो की काय?

तसेच तेथे घोड्यावर रपेटही मारली. बोटींग केले. शेतातून काढलेली ताजी टवटवीत स्ट्रॉबेरीही आम्हांला खायला मिळाली.

तेथील बाजारात किती तरी हस्तकौशल्याच्या वस्तूही बघायला मिळाल्या. तेथील निसर्गरम्य वातावरणातून परत येण्याची इच्छाच होत नव्हती; पण काय करणार यावेच लागले. माझा अभ्यास व्यवस्थित सुरू आहे. तुझी खुशाली वरचेवर कळव.

तूबै एकदा महाबळेश्वरला जाऊन ये. तुझ्या आई बाबांना माझा शि. सा. नमस्कार. बाकी सर्व ठीक आहे.

तुझा मित्र.
अ. ब. क.

दादास पत्र Summary in Marathi

पाठ परिचय :

पत्र हे दोन व्यक्ती/संस्था यांच्यामधील वैचारिक, भावनिक देवाणघेवाण, संबंध आणि संवाद प्रस्थापित करणारे प्रभावी माध्यम आहे. मनातील भावनांना, विचारांना वाट करून देणारे ते साधन. संगणकाच्या व मोबाइलच्या जगात पत्र लिहिणे माणसे विसरूनच गेली आहेत. ‘दादास पत्र’ या पाठात बहिणीने आपल्या भावाला पत्राद्वारे सहलीला केलेल्या गमती व खुशाली कळविली आहे.

A letter is a strong medium of communication between two people or institutions to share ideologies, emotions, relationships and dialogues. It gives way to express one’s emotions or thoughts. In the world of computers and mobiles, people have forgotten to write letters. In ‘Dadas Patra’, a sister has written about her cherished memories of a picnic to her brother through a letter.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

शब्दार्थ :

  1. सहल – पर्यटन, फेरफटका – a picnic
  2. चित्रफीत – सिनेमा – acinema/film
  3. हट्ट – कळकळीची विनवणी – insistence
  4. देखण्या – मोहक, सुंदर – charming
  5. तुडवणे – पायाखाली चिरडणे – to crush under feet
  6. पूर्व परवानगी – आगाऊ अनुमती, – prior permission
  7. संमती संतुलित – समतोल – balance
  8. पर्यावरण – अवतीभवतीची सजीव-निर्जीव सृष्टी – environment
  9. प्रदूषण – अशुद्धता – pollution
  10. पटणे – खात्री होणे – to be convinced
  11. अविस्मरणीय – न विसरण्यासारखे – unforgettable
  12. खुशाली – निरोगी व सुखी स्थिती – health and happiness
  13. संतुलित – संतुलन राखलेले (Balanced)
  14. अविभाज्य – विभागले न जाणारे (Integral)
  15. वनविभाग (वनखाते) – अरण्यांची देखभाल करणारे खाते (forest department)
  16. वहन – वाहून नेण्याची क्रिया (carrying)
  17. पाठपुरवठा करणे – सतत मागे रहाणे/लागणे (persuance)
  18. एकतर्फी – एका बाजूने (one way)
  19. दुतर्फी – दोन्ही बाजूने (both way)
  20. ध्वनिक्षेपक – speakers

वाक्प्रचार :

  1. नष्ट होणे – नाहीसा होणे
  2. घोषित करणे – जाहीर करणे
  3. गुजराण करणे – निर्वाह करणे
  4. निरखून पाहणे – बारकाईने निरीक्षण करणे

टिपा :

  • चंडोल पक्षी – चिमणीसारखा दिसणारा हा पक्षी फार सुंदर गातो. त्यांची पिसे तपकिरी, राखाडी, वाळूसारखी काळी व पांढरी अशा विविध रंगाची असतात. मोकळ्या मैदानात व चराऊ गवताळ प्रदेशात त्यांचे वास्तव्य आढळते.
  • माळटिटवी पक्षी – तितराइतका आकार असणाऱ्या या पक्ष्याचे पाय लांब तर पोट पांढरे व डोळे काळे असते. यास पिवळ्या गाठीची टिटवी असे म्हणतात. पडीक शेतीचा प्रदेश व धान्याची कापलेली शेते याठिकाणी हे पक्षी वास्तव्य करतात.
  • माळढोक अभयारण्य – ‘जवाहरलाल नेहरू माळढोक अभयारण्य’ या नावाने ओळखल्या जाणाऱ्या या अभयारण्याची स्थापना सन 1979 मध्ये झाली. हे महाराष्ट्रातील आकारमानाने सर्वात मोठे अभयारण्य आहे. सोलापूर व नगर जिल्ह्यातील मोठ्या भूभागावर हे वसलेले आहे. याचे क्षेत्रफळ 8496 चौ.कि.मी. इतके आहे.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

Class 7 English Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the poem aloud with proper rhythm. What does the rhythm remind you of?

From A Railway Carriage Exercises Class 7 Question 1.
Read the poem aloud with proper rhythm. What does the rhythm remind you of?

2. Find pairs of rhyming words from the poem.

From A Railway Carriage Questions And Answers For Class 7 Question 1.
Find pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:
witches – ditches, battle – cattle, plain – rain – again, eye – by, scrambles – brambles, gazes – daisies, road – load, river – ever.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

3. Write the following: 

2.1 From A Railway Carriage Question Answer Question 1.
The sights seen through a railway carriage mentioned in the first stanza.
Answer:
The sights seen through a railway carriage mentioned in the first stanza are bridges, houses, hedges, ditches, horses and cattle in the meadows.

2.1 From A Railway Carriage Question 2.
The sights mentioned in the second stanza.
Answer:
The sights seen in the second stanza are hills, plains and painted stations.

From A Railway Carriage Poem Question 3.
The sights mentioned in the third stanza.
Answer:
The sights mentioned in the third stanza are a child clambering and scrambling to gather brambles, a tramp gazing at the train in wonder and green creepers for stringing the daisies.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

4. Think and answer:

From A Railway Carriage Questions And Answers For Class 7 Question 1.
Why are the sights said to ‘fly’?
Answer:
The sights are said to ‘fly’ because the poet is sitting in a fast-moving train and all the beautiful scenes he gets to see as glimpses just rush past him and disappear because of the speed of the train.

From A Railway Carriage Question Answer Question 2.
Does the last line make you happy or sad? Why?
Answer:
The last line ‘and gone forever’ makes me feel sad because all the pleasure and happiness got from enjoying the beauty of nature comes to an end and disappears forever as the railway carriage speeds ahead.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

5. List the lines that begin with ‘Here’ or ‘And here’.
Also list the sentences or phrases that begin with ‘And there’.
These phrases and sentences tell us about things that appear one after the other as the carriage moves. Can we tell which ones are closer to the train and which ones are at a distance? How?

From A Railway Carriage Questions And Answers Question 1.
List the lines that begin with ‘Here’ or ‘And there’.
Also list the sentences or phrases that begin with ‘And there’.
Answer:
The lines that begin with ‘Here’ or ‘And here’. ‘Here’ is an adverb which suggests ‘closeness’ of an object.

  1. Here is a child.
  2. Here is a tramp.
  3. Here is a cart.
  4. Here is a mill.

The above phrases show closeness to the train. ‘There’ is an adverb which suggests ‘distance’ of an object.

  • And there is the green.
  • And there is a river.

The above phrases show distance from the train.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

6. Read the following:

From A Railway Carriage Exercises Question 1.
Read the following:
Charging along like troops in a battle
Fly as thick as driving rain
Using your imagination, write one or two comparisons each with:
i. like…, ii. as… as
Answer:
i. like…

  1. This house looks like a castle.
  2. Her cheeks are red like a rose.
  3. He runs like a horse.
  4. The child chattered like a magpie.

ii. as… as

  1. He is as smart as a fox.
  2. He is as big as an elephant.
  3. He is as funny as a monkey.
  4. Our soldiers are as brave as lions.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

7. Write about the sights you may see from a bus or an aeroplane.
You may write it in the form of a short poem.

From A Railway Carriage Question And Answer Question 1.
Write the sights you may see from a bus or an aeroplane.
Answer:
The Red Bus
I’m out sightseeing in the red bus
With people around making a lot of fuss
I know I’m going to see wonderful sights
That’ll soar me to the heights
The greenery
The scenery
Oh! The wonderful luxury
Of travelling in the red, red bus.

Class 7 English Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

From A Railway Carriage Questions And Answers For Class 7 Question 1.
What is the speed of the railway carriage compared to?
Answer:
The speed of the railway carriage is compared to the speed of fairies and witches.

From A Railway Carriage Poem In English Question 2.
Why is the child clambering and scrambling?
Answer:
The child is clambering and scrambling to collect brambles.

From A Railway Carriage Question 3.
What does the rhythm of the poem remind you of?
Answer:
The rhythm of the poem reminds me of the rhythm of the train.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

From A Railway Carriage Exercises Class 7 Question 4.
Have you travelled during a rainy day? What was your experience?
Answer:
Yes, I have travelled during the rainy season. Travelling on a rainy day is an awesome experience. You actually come in contact with nature’s beauty. The smell of the wet earth, the greenery, the colourful flowers, the waterfalls, etc. We get to see nature at its best.

Reading Skills and Poetic Device

Read the following extract and do the activities.

From A Railway Carriage Answers Class 7 Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram with words from the extract.
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage 1

Question
What flies as thick as driving rain?
(Choose the right alternative)
i. Bridges and houses.
ii. Hill and plain.
iii. Hedges and ditches.
Answer:
ii. Hill and plain.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
How do the sights of the hills and plains move?
Answer:
The sights of the hills and plains move as thick as driving rain.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

Question 2.
What does the poet see the child doing?
Answer:
The poet sees the child clambering and scrambling and gathering brambles all by himself.

Question 3.
To what is the charging train compared?
Answer:
The charging train is compared to troops in a battle.

Poetic Device:

Question 1.
Pick out two pairs of rhyming words from the 1st stanza.
Answer:
witches – ditches, battle – cattle.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

Question 2.
Name the figure of speech for the following line.
“Faster than fairies, faster than witches”
Answer:

  • Repetition: The word ‘faster’ is repeated for poetic effect, or
  • Antithesis: The opposite words ‘fairies’ and ‘witches’ are used in the same line for better poetic effect.

Question 3.
Pick out a word from the extract which means ‘a woman having evil magical powers’.
Answer:
Witch.

From a Railway Carriage Summary in English

‘From a Railway Carriage’ written by R. L. Stevenson describes the scenes he sees through the window of a fast moving train. He is so amazed at the speed of the train and tries to grasp every glimpse he sees because they are out of sight the very next moment. The train moves with such great speed that everything he sees seems to be moving.

Introduction:

‘From a Railway Carriage’ written by Robert Louis Stevenson is a poem in which he shares his experience of a railway journey with us.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

Glossary:

  1. fairy (n) – a small imaginary being of the human form that has magical powers, especially good ones
  2. witch (n) – a woman thought to have magical powers especially evil ones
  3. hedge (n) – a fence or boundary formed by closely growing bushes or shrubs
  4. ditch (n) – a narrow channel dug at the side of a road or field, to hold or carry away water
  5. meadow (n) – a piece of grassland, especially one used for hay
  6. clamber (v) – climb or move in an awkward and laborious way, using both hands and feet
  7. scramble (v) – make one’s way quickly over rough ground by using one’s hands as well as feet
  8. tramp (n) – a person who travels from one place to another on foot in search of work, a homeless person
  9. lumping (v) – carry a heavy load somewhere with difficulty
  10. glimpse (n) – quick look, (v) – to catch sight of briefly
  11. bramble (v) – any rough, wild tangled prickly shrub, specifically the blackberry bush
  12. carriage (n) – a passenger train
  13. cart (n) – a horse-drawn vehicle with four wheels, used for transportation
  14. cattle (n) – domesticated animals like cow and bull
  15. gaze (v) – to look at something for a long time
  16. mill (n) – a building with a machine to grind grain into flour
  17. plain (n) – flat land having trees and grass
  18. sights (n)- things that one sees
  19. stringing (v) – with strings
  20. troop (n) – a group of soldiers
  21. meadow (n) – a field with grass and often wildflowers in it.
  22. daisy (n) – a small flower with white petals and a yellow centre, which often grows in the grass.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write the meaning:

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question Answer  Question 1.
Chauthai.
Answer:
One fourth part of the revenue

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 2.
Sardeshmukhi.
Answer:
One tenth part of the revenue

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

2. Write the answer in one word:

Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 1.
Balaji was from this town in Konkan.
Answer:
Shrivardhan

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Class 7 Question 2.
He ruled Bundelkhand.
Answer:
King Chhatrasal

10 The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 3.
Bajirao died at this place.
Answer:
Raverkhedi

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Answer Question 4.
He defeated the Portuguese.
Answer:
Chimajiappa

3. Write about them in your own words:

10. The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 1.
KanhojiAngre
Answer:

  • Kanhoji Angre was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
  • He choose Maharani Tarabai’s side.
  • He attacked areas which belong to Shahu Maharaj.
  • Shahu Maharaj appointed Balaji as Peshwa.
  • Balaji was sent against Kanhoji.
  • Balaji diplomatically turned Kanhoji towards Shahu Maharaj’s side.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Question 2.
The Battle of Palkhed
Answer:

  • Mughal Emperor Farukhsear appointed Nijam-ul-Mulk as the Subhedar of Deccan.
  • The Emperor gave Marathas the right to collect chauthai, Sardeshmukhi from the Mughals.
  • The Nizam was against it.
  • Bajirao decided to attack the Nizam and he defeated Nizam at Palkhed near Aurangabad.

Question 3.
Balaji Vishwanath:
Answer:

  • Balaji Vishwanath was a prominent Maratha Sardar.
  • He hailed from Shrivardhan, a town in Konkan.
  • He was industrious and experienced.
  • He convinced many Sardars to join hands with Shahu Maharaj.
  • Kanhoji Angre, the chief of the Maratha Navy was against Shahu Maharaj and sided with Maharani Tarabai.
  • He was sent against Kanhoji.
  • Balaji avoided the war and diplomatically turned Kanhoji towards Shahu Maharaj’s side.

Question 4.
Bajirao I
Answer:
(i) After the death of Balaji Vishwanath, Shahu Maharaj made Bajirao I Peshwa in CE1720.

(ii) He expanded the Maratha Empire during his tenure of 20 years.

(iii) Nizam, the Subhedar of Deccan did not allow the Marathas the right to collect chauthai and sardeshmukhi.

(iv) Bajirao attacked Nizam and defeated him at Palkhed near Aurangabad.

(v) Under the leadership of his brother Chimajiappa. Bajirao sent Malharrao Holkar,: Ranoji Shinde and Udaji Pawar to strengthen the position of the Marathas in Malwa.

(vi) Mughal Subhedar Mohammad Khan Bangush attacked on Bundelkhand. The king of Bundelkhand, Chhatrasal requested Bajirao to help him.

(vii) Bajirao defeated Bangush. The King Chhatrasal honoured Bajirao on large scale.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

4. Give reasons:

Question 1.
Two separate Maratha States were formed.
Answer:
(i) There was a battle between Shahu Maharaj and Maharani Tarabai for the throne/gadi.

(ii) Shahu Maharaj won the battle and captured Satara.

(iii) He got himself crowned and Satara became the capital of the Maratha kingdom.

(iv) In 1710, Maharani Tarabai declared her minor son Shivaji II as Chhatrapati at Panhalgad. Since then, a separate state of Kolhapur apart from Satara state came into existence in the Maratha Empire.

Question 2.
Azamshah released Chattrapati Shahu Maharaj from his custody.
Answer:
(i) Azamshah thought that if he released Shahu Maharaj from his custody, then there will be a fight between Maharani Tarabai and Shahu Maharaj for the throne of Chhatrapati.

(ii) The Maratha power will become weak and therefore Azamshah released Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj from his custody.

Question 3.
Delhi Darbar needed the help of the Marathas.
Answer:
(i) The Mughal Empire was threatened by the north-west Irani and Afgani attacks.

(ii) Local kings like Pathans, Rajputs, Jats and Rohilas also posed a threat for them.

(iii) The internal competition and tussle in die court also weakened the Mughal powers. Hence, Delhi Darbar needed the help Marathas.

Activity:

Get a biography of Maharani Tarabai and present an inspiring event in her life.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate word from the options given below:

Question 1.
Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj had got himself crowned at _______.(Pune, Satara, Malwa)
Answer:
Satara

Question 2.
At the time of Aurangzeb’s death, Shahajada _______ was in the south. (Azamshah, Aurangzeb, Farukhsear)
Answer:
Azamshah

Question 3.
Maharani Tarabai declared her minor son as Chhatrapati _______ at Panhala. (Shivaji II, Savai, Madhavrao)
Answer:
Shivaji II

Question 4.
_______ became the Subhedar of the Deccan. (Nijam-ul-Mulk, Farukhsear, Madhavrao)
Answer:
Nijam-ul-Mulk

Question 5.
Bajirao sent his brother ________ to subdue the Portuguese. (Chimajiappa, Malharrao Holkar, Ranoji Shinde)
Answer:
Chimajiappa

Question 6.
Bajirao defeated _________ of Bundelkhand. (Bangush, Nadir Shah, Farukhsear)
Answer:
Bangush

Question 7.
When Kanhoji Angre attacked Shahu Maharaj, he sent ______ against Kanhoji Angre. (Balaji Vishwanath, Bajirao, Shahu Maharaj)
Answer:
Balaji Vishwanath

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Question 8.
After the death of Balaji Vishwanath, Shahu Maharaj made ________ as the Peshwa. (Chimajiappa, Bajirao I, Udaji Pawar)
Answer:
Bajirao I

Question 9.
Iran’s Emperor ___________ attack on India. (Nadirshah, Abdulla (Hassan), Hussein Ali)
Answer:
Nadirshah

Question 10.
After the death of Aurangzeb ________ and ______ dominated the Mughal Court.(Abdulla (Hasan), Hussein Ali, Nijam-Ul-Mulk)
Answer:
Abdulla (Hasan) and Hussein Ali

Question 11.
After the death of Emperor Aurangzeb the fight for __________ started between his sons. (Delhi’s throne, Chauthai-Sardeshmukhi, Subhedar of Deccan)
Answer:
Delhi’s throne

Question 12.
Prince Shahu was in the custody of _________ (Maharani Tarabai, Azamshah, Bahadur Shah)
Answer:
Azamshah

Question 13.
_______ became the capital of Maratha kingdom. (Satara, Kolhapur, Pune)
Answer:
Satara

Question 14.
__________was the chief of the Maratha Navy. (Balaji, Vishwanath, Kanhoji Angre, Bajirao I)
Answer:
Kanhoji Angre

Question 15.
Bajirao took his last breath at _______ (Raverkhedi, Bhopal, Palkhed)
Answer:
Raverkhedi

Question 16.
________ established the Maratha domination in North India by his bravery.
(Chimajiappa, Bajirao, King Chhatrasal)
Answer:
Bajirao

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(1) Shahu Maharaj

(2)Shivaji II

(3) Nijam-ul-Mulk

(4) Nadir Shah

(a)  Iran’s Emperor

(b)  Satara

(c) Panhalgad

(d)  Subhedar of Deccan

Answer:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – a
4 – d

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Question 2.

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(1) King Chhatrasal

(2)The Battle of Bhopal

(3) Chauthai

(4) Sardeshmukhi

(a)     One fourth part of the income

(b)     Bundelkhand

(c)     Bajirao

(d)     One tenth part of the income.

Answer:
1 – b
2 – d
3 – a
4 – c

Explain the meanings of:

Question 1.
Subhedar.
Answer:
Historical rank in the army

Question 2.
Sanad.
Answer:
Authority

Write the answer in one word:

Question 1.
These places were under Portuguese rule.
Answer:
Vasai and Thane

Question 2.
The Emperor of Iran who invaded India.
Answer:
Nadir Shah

Question 3.
He was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
Answer:
KanhojiAngre

Question 4.
He was a great warrior.
Answer:
Bajirao

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Question 5.
He was the first Peshwa.
Answer:
Balaji Vishwanath

Question 6.
The second Peshwa.
Answer:
Bajirao

Question 7.
Aurangzeb’s son.
Answer:
Shahajada Azamshah

Question 8.
Tarabai proclaimed her younger son as.
Answer:
Chhatrapati Shivaji II

Answer the following in one sentences:

Question 1.
Who was in the custody of Azamshah?
Answer:
Prince Shahu was in the custody of Azamshah.

Question 2.
What was the new political policy of Marathas?
Answer:
The new political policy of the Marathas was to protect and expand their own Empire instead of fighting with Mughal powers.

Question 3.
What had weakened the Mughal powers?
Answer:
The threat from local kings, internal competition and tussle in the court weakened the Mughal powers.

Question 4.
Who was Kanhoji Angre?
Answer:
Kanhoji Angre was the Chief of the Maratha Navy.

Question 5.
With whose help did Balaji receive the authority to recover Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi?
Answer:
With the help of Sayyid brothers, Abdulla (Hassan) and Hussein Ali, Balaji received the authority to recover Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi.

Question 6.
Whom did Bajirao send to Malwa to strengthen the position of the Marathas?
Answer:
Bajirao sent Malharrao Holkar, Ranoji Shinde and Udaji Pawar under the leadership of his x brother Chimajiappa to Malwa to strengthen the position of Marathas.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Question 7.
Whose help did King Chhatrasal seek to protect his kingdom Bundelkhand.
Answer:
The King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao to protect his kingdom Bundelkhand.

Question 8.
Which parts from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule?
Answer:
Vasai and Thane from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule.

Question 9.
Whom did Bajirao send to defeat Portuguese? ‘
Answer:
Bajirao sent his brother Chimajiappa to defeat the Portuguese.

Question 10.
What rights did Balaji get from the Mughal Emperor?
Answer:
Balaji got from the Mughal Emperor the sanads to collect Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi

Question 11.
Why did Chhatrasal ask Balaji for help?
Answer:
Mohammad Khan Bangush, the Mughal Subhedar of Allahabad attacked Bundelkhand and defeated Chhatrasal. So, Chhatrasal asked Balaji for help.

Question 12.
Where did Bajirao defeat the Nizam?
Answer:
Bajirao defeated the Nizam at Palkhed near Aurangabad.

Question 13.
What were the great qualities of Bajirao?
Answer:
Bajirao was a great warrior, a powerful ruler who established the Maratha dominance in North.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Write notes on the following:

Question 1.
The Battle of Bhopal
Answer:

  • The emperor became restless due to Bajirao’s attack.
  • He called the Nizam to protect Delhi.
  • The Nizam attacked Bajirao with his large army.
  • Bajirao defeated him at Bhopal.
  • The Nizam agreed to secure the sanad of Malwa subhedari to Marathas from the Badshah.

Give explanations for the following:

Question 1.
Portuguese.
Answer:

  • Vasai and Thane from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule.
  • Portuguese rulers used to exploit people.

Question 2.
King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao for help.
Answer:

  • King Chhatrasal established his own kingdom in Bundelkhand.
  • Mughal Subhedar Mohammad Khari Bangush attacked Bundelkhand and defeated king Chhatrasal.
  • Hence, King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao for help.

Question 3.
Shahu Maharaj knew the integrities of the Mughals.
Answer:

  • The early part of Shahu Maharaj’s life was spent in Mughal camps.
  • He has seen Mughal politics from close quarters.
  • He was aware of the strong and weak points of the Mughal empire very well.
  • He also knew some influential people in Mughal Darbar.
  • All these factors helped him in the changing circumstances to decide the new direction for Maratha politics.

Answer the following in short:

Question 1.
How did Balaji Vishwanath turned Kanhoji towards the side of Shahu Maharaj?
Answer:

  • Kanhoji Angre was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
  • He chose Maharani Tarabai’s side.
  • He attacked areas which belonged to Shahu Maharaj.
  • Shahu Maharaj sent Balaji Vishwanath against Kanhoji.
  • Balaji avoided the war and won Kanhoji towards the side of Shahu Maharaj.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Question 2.
Why did Bajirao decide to attack Delhi?
Answer:

  • The Marathas established their supremacy in Malwa and Bundelkhand.
  • Bajirao demanded Malwa Subhedari from the Badshah (Emperor).
  • The Emperor rejected his demand Hence Bajirao decided to attack Delhi.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the following statements carefully. Correct the wrong ones and write them down:

Natural Regions Class 7 Geography Question 1.
Due to its mild and warm climate, people from the West European region are not energetic.
Answer:
False – Due to its mild and warm climate people from the West European region are industrious and energetic.

Std 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Question 2.
The prairie region is called the wheat basket of the world.
Answer:
True.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Natural Regions Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
The trees in the Mediterranean region have oily leaves and the bark is quite thick. There is a high rate of transpiration.
Answer:
False – The trees in the hot desert region have oily leaves and the bark is quite thick. There is high rate of transpiration.

Natural Regions Class 7 Question 4.
The camel is an important animal of the hot desert region as it can survive without water and is useful for transport.
Answer:
True.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Question 5.
Carnivorous animals like tigers and lions are found in large numbers in the equatorial regions.
Answer:
False – Carnivorous animals like tigers and lions are found in large numbers in the grassland region (Sudan).

2. Give geographical reasons:

6 Natural Regions Question 1.
People in monsoon region are mainly engaged in agriculture.
Answer:
(i) The monsoon region is located in tropical & subtropical belt between 10° & 30°N & parallels which receives almost perpendicular rays of the sun for most part of the year.

(ii) The summers temperature are hot with between 27° & 32°C & the winters are mild with temperatures between 15° to 24°C.

(iii) This region receives rainfall during specific season from the south west monsoon winds and the rainfall varies between 250 to 2500 mm.

(iv) Thus as the climatic conditions are such that they favour growth of variety of crops.

(v) Thus, people in the monsoon region are engaged in agriculture.

Natural Regions Std 7 Question 2.
Trees in equatorial forests grow tall.
Answer:
(i) The equatorial forest are found in regions between 50°N & 50°S of the equator. This region receives perpendicular rays of the sun throughout the year.

(ii) The climate of the equatorial region is hot & it receives rainfall throughout the year. Annual rainfall in this region is between 2500 & 3000 mm.

(iii) Hence, dense evergreen forests are found here. Due to dense vegetation sunlight does not reach the ground & the trees compete for sunlight.

(iv) Thus, trees in equatorial forests grow tall.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Question 3.
Vegetation is short-lived in the Tundra region.
Answer:
(i) Tundra region is located between 65°N to 90°N parallels due to which the climate here is very cold.
(ii) The mean summer temperatures is between 20°C to 30°C.
(iii) Very cold climate of winter does not support growth of vegetation but short grass, small shrubs, flowers, lichen, moss etc. grow during short summer period here
(iv) Thus, vegetation is short-lived in the Tundra region.

3. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is the latitudinal extent of the Taiga . region?
Answer:
Taiga region extends from 55° to 65° N latitudes from Alaska to the Atlantic coast & in parts of Eurasia.

Question 2.
Name any three herbivorous animals from the Sudan region. What has nature endowed them with for self-protection?
Answer:

  • Sudan region has zebras, elephant and giraffe.
  • Nature has gifted them with speedy legs.
  • The skin of the animals here have colourful spots or stripes/bands.

Question 3.
What are the characteristics of the Monsoon region?
Answer:
The characteristics of the Monsoon region are as follows:

  • The summer temperature is between 27° and 32°C & the winter temperature is 15° to 24°C.
  • Rainfall varies between 250 to 2500 mm. This region gets rain in specific seasons from the SW Monsoon.
  • Rainfall here is highly variable and distribution is quite uneven.
  • Semi-evergreen and deciduous forests are found in this region. Vegetation depends on the distribution of rainfall.
  • Agriculture is the main occupation of the people here.
  • Large number of small hamlets are found. There is considerable difference in the diet & costumes of the people in the monsoon region.
  • Population here is mostly engaged in primary occupation

4. Show the following items on an outline map of the world. Prepare the index:

  • Colorado Desert
  • British Columbia
  • Downs Grassland
  • Inhabited part of Greenland
  • Mediterranean Sea
  • Congo basin
  • Llanos and Campos

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions 3
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions 2

Activity:

Using the Internet, check the information given in this lesson. Collect pictures of the flora and fauna and the human life of the various natural regions. Make a collage by pasting these pictures on the world map.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell:

Observe the picture given on Pg. no. 30 of Geography textbook and answer the following question given below.
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions 5

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Page no: 31
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions 6
Question 1.
Why are the house types shown in the pictures not seen in our surrounding?
Answer:
All the house types shown in the pictures are not seen in our surroundings because house types differ from place to place. They are built taking into consideration rainfall, temperature and raw material available for building houses.

Question 2.
Which are the regions where such types of houses are found?
Answer:
In cities, we find buildings and bungalows built of concrete material. An igloo is found in the Tundra or Taiga region. Huts are found in grassland or forested areas.

Question 3.
Would you like to stay in a house built of ice? Why don’t we build such houses?
Answer:
Yes, I would like to stay in an ice house. We can’t build it here because the temperature is high which will melt the ice and we don’t have snowfall in Maharashtra.

Question 4.
What brings about difference in people’s clothing?
Answer:
There is difference in people’s clothing because firstly it depends upon the climate of the place. Secondly it depends upon the culture & tradition as well as the raw material available or textile industries that are set up a particular region.

Question 5.
Where do you think Khubz, insects and ants also form a part of the diet of the people?
Answer:
Human beings eat whatever is edible & does not harm their digestive system.
Previously Khubz, insects & ants were consumed mainly by tribal people or people living in underdeveloped countries, but today it is consumed by people for protein, or for tradition or even as exploratory cuisine.

Question 6.
Can the animals from polar region like polar bears and penguins be kept in the tropical zoos?
Answer:
No, polar bear and penguins survive only in colder regions. They cannot bear the tropical heat and may die. Therefore, they are not kept in tropical zoos.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Question 7.
Are all the plants shown in the pictures found in our surroundings? If not, where do you think they can be found?
Answer:
TB pg 30 – The tree shown in 1 st picture is found in the coastal area. The tree in the 2nd picture is found in the equatorial region. The plant in the 3rd picture is found in the hot desert region.
TB pg 31 – The tree in the 1st picture is found in grassland regions.
The tree in 2nd picture is found in the monsoon region
The tree in the 3rd picture is found in the Taiga region.

Think about it:

Question 1.
Why are animals like lions not found in Equatorial forests?
Answer:
(i) Equatorial regions have hot & humid climate & it rains throughout the year. So, dense multilayered evergreen forests are found here.

(ii) As the sunlight does not reach the ground the trees compete to get sunlight & hence trees grow very tall.

(iii) Mainly animals which can survive in swampy & marshy environment of forests are arboreal animals found in equatorial forests.
Hence animals like lions are not found in equatorial forests.

Question 2.
Why are the hot deserts mainly located along the western side of the continents?
Answer:
The planetary winds shed their moisture in the eastern parts of the continents and become dry by the time they reach the western margins. Therefore, hot deserts are mainly located along the western side of the continents.

Question 3.
Why are people in the hot deserts engaged mostly in animal rearing?
Answer:
Hot deserts have very scanty rains and high temperature which does not favour agriculture, therefore people in the hot deserts are mostly engaged in animal rearing.

Question 4.
Why do people in hot deserts live a nomadic life?
Answer:
People in hot deserts rear animals for a living. Therefore they move from place to place in search of water and fodder for their animals.

Question 5.
Why are carnivorous animals found in the grasslands?
Answer:
In the grassland region there are a large number of herbivorous animals. Therefore carnivorous animals are found in large numbers.

Make friends with maps!

Observe the map and answer the following questions
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions 4

Question 1.
Which natural regions are found in India?
Answer:
Monsoon region is the natural region found in India.

Question 2.
Which continent comprises a major portion of the hot desert type of region?
Answer:
Continent of Africa comprises a major portion of hot desert type region.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Question 3.
Which continent has the highest diversity in terms of natural regions?
Answer:
Continent of Asia has the highest diversity in terms of natural region.

Question 4.
Why are there fewer natural regions in the southern hemisphere than those in the northern hemisphere?
Answer:
Because the land in the southern hemisphere is less and have only in two temperature zones.

Question 5.
Which natural region occupies the largest area in the world.
Answer:
Taiga region occupies the largest area in the world.

Question 6.
Where else do we find conditions similar to the continent of Antarctica?
Answer:
Greenland has conditions similar to continent of Antarctica.

Question 7.
Throughout which natural regions does the Prime Meridian pass?
Answer:
The Prime Meridian passes through Hot deserts, Mediterranean type of climate, Taiga, West European type region.

Observe the table of natural region on Pg. 33 of textbook, then answer the following questions:

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions 9
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions 10

Question 1.
Which natural region consists of short-lived vegetation?
Answer:
Tundra region consists of short-lived vegetation.

Question 2.
In which natural region will you find the kraals?
Answer:
We will find the kraals in Sudan type grassland region.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Question 3.
Which region has winter rains?
Answer:
The Mediterranean region has winter rains.

Question 4.
In which natural regions are gorillas and chimpanzees found?
Answer:
Gorillas and Chimpanzees are found in the Equatorial region.

Question 5.
In which natural region is the land surface in the forests devoid of vegetation?
Answer:
Hot deserts region is devoid of vegetation.

Question 6. Which regions favour dairy farming?
Answer:
Grassland (Prairie and Steppes) favour dairy farming.

Question 7.
Which region is favourable for fruit production?
Answer:
Mediterranean region is favourable for fruit production.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct option from the bracket:

Question 1.
The ______ people live in the Steppes grassland and they live a nomadic life. (Zulu, Pygmies, Kirgiz)
Answer:
Zulu

Question 2.
Monsoon region gets rains from the ____ winds. (NE monsoon, SW monsoon, SE monsoon)
Answer:
SW monsoon

Question 3.
_____ cause cyclonic rain in the West European region. (Westerlies, Easterlies, Polar)
Answer:
Westerlies

Question 4.
Sailors and explorers are mainly found in the ______ region. (Mediterranean, Monsoon, West European)
Answer:
Mediterranean

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Question 5.
The _______ type of forest is found in the Equatorial region.(Coniferous, Evergreen, Deciduous)
Answer:
Evergreen

Question 6.
The ________ region receives rainfall in winter. (Mediterranean, Equatorial, Taiga)
Answer:
Mediterranean

Question 7.
Seat of Greek and Roman civilization is found in the ______ region. (Taiga, Hot desert, Mediterranean)
Answer:
Mediterranean

Question 8.
In Monsoon region, ______ is the main occupation of the people. (agriculture, animal husbandary, secondary)
Answer:
agriculture

Match the pair correctly:

Question 1.

Region Latitudinal extent
(1) Tundra region (a) 5° to 20° N and S
(2) Taiga region (b) 20° to 30° N and S
(3) Grassland (Steppes and Prairies (c) 30° to 55° N and S
(4) Hot Desert (d) 55° to 65° N and S
(5) Grassland (Sudan type) (e) 65° to 90° N and S

Answer:
1 – e
2 – d
3 – c
4 – b
5 – a

Do the following tasks:
Question 1.
Write the important occupation of the region in the following table:

Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions 8

Question 2.
Find the location of the following regions from the world map and write down in the table given below:
Answer:

Regions Location
(1) Tundra region (a) Greenland, N. Canada, N. Europe, North Asia.
(2) Taiga region (b) Alaska to the Atlantic coast, Parts of Eurasia.
(3) Grasslands (Steppes and Prairies) (c) Steppes (Eurasia), Velds (South Africa), Pampas (S. America), Prairies (N. America), Down (Australia), etc.
(4) Hot Desert region (d) In the western parts of continents, Sahara (N. Africa), Colorado (N.America), Atacama (S.America), Kalahari (S. Africa), Thar (Asia), etc.
(5) Grasslands (Sudan type) (e) Savanna (Africa), Queensland (Australia), the Parkland (Africa), Llanos and Campos (S.America) and other grasslands.
(6) Equatorial region (f) Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Guinea, Cango basin, Amazon basin.
(7) Monsoon region (g) Indian subcontinent, Philippines, West Indies, N. Australia, E. Africa, E. America etc.
(8) Mediterranean region (h) Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Turkey, California, Central Chile, SW and NE Australia, etc.
(9) West European region (i) Norway, Denmark, Ireland, British Colombia, South Chile, New Zealand, etc.

Who am I. (Type of region):

Question 1.
I am found in Indonesia and Guinea
Answer:
Equatorial Region

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Question 2.
I am found as Llanos and Campos
Answer:
Grasslands (Sudan type)

Question 3.
I am found in the Colorado and the Atacama
Answer:
Hot Desert region

Question 4.
I am found in South America and North America
Answer:
Grassland (steppes and prairies)

Question 5.
I am found from the Alaska to the Atlantic coast
Answer:
Taiga region

Question 6.
I am found in Greenland and North Canada
Answer:
Tundra region

Question 7.
I am found in California.
Answer:
Mediterranean region.

Name the following:

Question 1.
Any two animals of Tundra region
Answer: Reindeer, Polar bears.

Question 2.
Any 2 types of trees of the Taiga region.
Answer:
Spruce, Pine.

Question 3.
A tribe found in the Steppes and Prairies grassland who are no more nomadic.
Answer:
Kirghiz

Question 4.
Any two tribes found in Sudan type grassland region.
Answer:
Zulu, Hausa

Question 5.
Any three hot deserts
Answer:
Sahara (N. Africa), Thar (Asia), Colorado (N. America)

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the mean winter temperature in the Tundra region?
Answer:
The mean winter temperature in the tundra region is approximately -20° to -30°C.

Question 2.
How are the summers and winters in Sudan region?
Answer:
In the Sudan region, summers are hot and humid where as winters are warm and dry.

Question 3.
What are the annual rainfall in the Equatorial region?
Answer:
The annual rainfall in the equatorial region is between 2500 and 3000 mm.

Question 4.
Which animal is commonly found in the hot deserts? Why?
Answer:
Camels are commonly found in the hot deserts. as they can survive for days without water.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Question 5.
What are the characteristics of plants in the hot desert region?
Answer:
Their vegetation is in the form of thorny bushes with hardly any leaves; also the leaves are narrow, oily & the plants have a thick bark.

Question 6.
What type of forest are found in the Taiga region?
Answer:
Mainly coniferous forests are found in the Taiga region.

Give Geographical reasons for:

Question  1.
In hot desert region, animals like camels survive for days without water.
Answer:
(i) In Hot desert region mean summer temperature is 30° to 45°C.
(ii) The heat is tremendous & the rainfall is very low.
(iii) Camels have adapted themselves to such extreme conditions. When there is food & water a camel can eat & drink large amounts & store it as fat in the hump. Hence in hot desert region, animals like camels survive for days without water.

Question 2.
The Mediterranean region is known for its rainfall in winters.
Answer:
(i) The Mediterranean region lies between 30°and 40° parallels in both the hemispheres on the western side of continents.
(ii) Therefore, the Mediterranean region comes under the influence of westerlies.
(iii) Hence, it receives rainfall in winter.

Question 3.
Taiga region, lumbering is the main occupation.
Answer:
(i) The Taiga region has a cool climate. The summer temperature ranges between 15° to 20°C & the winter temperature falls below 0°C.
(ii) Hence, mainly coniferous forests are found here.
(iii) The wood of the trees here is light & soft.
(iv) Hence, lumbering is the main occupation in the Taiga region.

Question 4.
As one travels from the equator to the poles the spectrum of biodiversity narrows down.
Answer:
(i) In Equatorial region the occupation is based on forest produce, for eg. gathering of gum, rubber, etc.

(ii) Whereas towards the poles, the availability of natural resources adversely affects the human occupations.

(iii) The availability of sunlight and water keep on changing from equator to the polar region therefore as one travels from the equator to the poles, the spectrum of biodiversity narrows down.

Question 5.
There are variations in the biodiversity in different parts of the world.
Answer:
(i) Difference in landforms, climate and soil greatly influence the flora, fauna and human life.
(ii) Therefore it give rise to variations in the biodiversity in different parts of the world.

Question 6.
Equatorial region has a number of diseases.
Answer:
Equatorial region has a number of diseases because of the hot and humid climate which ,decomposes and causes vegetal litter.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Describe coniferous trees in the Taiga region.
Answer:

  • Coniferous trees have light and soft wood
  • Leaves are narrow and pointed.
  • Branches are leaning towards the ground.

Question 2.
Describe the vegetation in the Mediterranean region.
Answer:

  • Grass is found in low rainfall regions whereas coniferous forests are found in mountainous region.
  • Trees have thick barks and thick, small and oily leaves.

Question 3.
What types of forests are found in the Monsoon region?
Answer:
In the Monsoon region, semi-evergreen and deciduous forest are found.

Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
What are the characteristics of the West European Region?
Answer:
The characteristics of the West European Region are as follows

  • Mean Summer temperature is around 20°C, mean winter temperature is around 5°C.
  • Mean rainfall is between 500 and 2500 mm.
  • The rainfall is mostly in the form of cyclones associated with westerlies.
  • It rains throughout the year.
  • Climate is mild.
  • Green grass is seen all the year round.
  • Trees shed their leaves in winter.
  • Coniferous trees and short-grasses grow here.

Question 2.
What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean region?
Answer:
The characteristics of the Mediterranean region are as follows :

  • Dry summers and rainfall in winter and mean summer temperature from 21 °C to 27°C.
  • Winter temperature between 10°C and 14°C.
  • Mean annual rainfall is 500 to 1000 mm.
  • It rains in winter.
  • Thick small oily leaves.

Arrange the name of the region given in the semicircular globe depending on the parallels they lie:

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions 7
Answer:

  • Tundra region – Between 65° to 90° parallels.
  • Taiga region – Between 55° and 65°N parallels.
  • Prairie grassland – Between 30° and 55° N and S parallels.
  • Hot Desert region – Between 20° and 30° N and S parallels.
  • Sudan grassland – Between 5° to 20° N & S parallels.
  • Equatorial region – Between 5° N to 20° S of the equator.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Find it from the chapter:

Std 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Question 1.
Grave dangers in the life of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:

  • The meeting with Afzalkhan.
  • The siege of Panhala.
  • The attack on Shaistakhan.
  • The escape from Agra.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Question 2.
They risked their life at the time when the Maharaj escaped from Agra.
Answer:
(a) Hiroji Farjand
(b) Madari Meheter

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
What warning did Shivaji Maharaj issue to the Deshmukh of Rohida Valley?
Answer:
Maharaj warned the Deshmukh of the Rohida Valley not to fail in his duty to the ryot.

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Question Answer Question 4.
What inspiration can future generations draw ‘ from the life of Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
The future generation will continue to draw inspiration from the work of Shivaji Maharaj, who laid the foundation of Swaraj and turning ,
it into Surajya, as an ideal and a source of inspiration.

2. Write about it in your own words:

8. An Ideal Ruler Question 1.
the Deshmukh to avoid any loss of the ryot?
Answer:

  • Maharaj warned the Deshmukh of the Rohida Valley not to fail in his duty to the Ryot.
  • He told him to visit every village and shift people to a safe place down the ghats.
  • He strictly told him not to delay even for a moment.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Question 2.
How do we know that his religious policy was that of tolerance?
Answer:
(i) The Maharaj had to struggle against the Islamic rulers such the Adilshahi, the Mughals and the Siddis. But he considered the Muslims in Swaraj as his own people.

(ii) While meeting Afzalkhan, Siddi Ibrahim was a servant in his army.

(iii) Siddi Hilal was a soldier in the army.

(iv) Daulatkhan was an important officer in his navy.

(v) During the campaign, the soldiers were instructed not to harm a mosque. If they came in possession of a copy of the Holy Quran, they should hand over the same with due respect to a Muslim.

An Ideal Ruler Question Answer Question 3.
Explain Shivaji Maharaj’s policy regarding the army.
Answer:

  • There was strict discipline in the army.
  • The soldiers were paid salaries regularly.
  • They were paid cash and not jagirs.
  • There was a strict order to the army that the valuable collected from the enemy territories were to be deposited with the government.
  • Soldiers were honoured for their bravery.
  • Maintenance of the families of soldiers who died in battles were looked after.
  • He took care of the wounded soldiers and the enemy soldiers who had surrendered.

3. Give one word for:

8.An Ideal Ruler Question 1.
An important officer in the navy of Swaraj.
Answer:
Daulatkhan

An Ideal Ruler Question 2.
A Tamil poet who composed a poem on Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Subramanyam Bharati

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Chapter 8 Question 3.
Created an independent kingdom in Bundelkhand.
Answer:
Chhatrasal

8 An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Question 4.
He composed Powadas on the greatness of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Mahatma Jyotirao Phule

Activities:

  1. Tell how you help your friend in his need.
  2. List the places named after famous personalities.

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Question 1.
How is the waste in your area managed?
Answer:
(i) Recycling: The waste materials such as old newspaper pieces of glass, bottles, empty tins are sold and later are used by recycling it.

(ii) Many NGOs are working for waste management. They are helping the rag pickers to collect the recycling waste from the door steps, rather than collecting from the soil in the bad and dirty condition.
Creating Awareness for waste management.

  • Use cloth bags instead of plastic.
  • Bye food that has less packaging.
  • Reduce paper usage.
  • Separating the dry and the wet waste in separate bins.

Question 2.
State the name of the machinery that looks after waste management.
Answer:
BMC: Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler

Think about it:

Question 1.
Why is it necessary to grow trees?
Answer:

  • Trees are very important on this planet.
  • They give us oxygen, store carbon.
  • They stabilise the soil and gives life.
  • They absorb carbon dioxide and harmful gases such as sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide from air.
  • They provide habitat and food for birds and other animals.
  • They provide us the materials for tools and shelter

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate word from the options given below:

Question 1.
______ was an important officer in the navy of the Swaraj. (Daulatkhan, Siddi Hilal, Tanaji Malusare)
Answer:
Daulatkhan

Question 2.
The Maharaj inspired _______ to create an independent kingdom in Bundelkhand. (Chhatrasal, Jim Mahal, Daulatkhan)
Answer:
Chhatrasal

Question 3.
_______ was a Sardar in the army of the Maharaj. (Siddi Ibrahim, Siddi Hilal, Daulatkhan)
Answer:
Siddi Hilal

Question 4.
______ has written a book about the greatness of Maharaj. (Pandit fawaharlal Nehru, Kahfikhan, Lala Lajpatrai)
Answer:
Lala Lajpatrai

Question 5.
__________ sacrificed his life while conquering Sinhagad. (Hiroji Farjand, Jiva Mahal, Tanaji Malusare)
Answer:
Tanaji Malusare

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler

Question 6.
________ crossed the sledge of Panhalagad in disguise of Shivaji Maharaj. (kind, cash, gold)
Answer:
Shiva Kashid

Question 7.
Maharaj made arrangements to pay the salaries of soldiers in _______ (Shiva Kashid, Tanaji Malusare, Kanhoji)
Answer:
cash

Question 8.
_______ described in his powadas the greatness of Shivaji Maharaj. (Lokmanya Tilak, Mahatma jyotirao Phule, Lola Lajpatrai)
Answer:
Mahatma Jyotirao Phule

Give one word for:

Question 1.
Built sea forts and created a navy.
Answer:
Sindhudurg

Question 2.
Written long poem on Maharaj.
Answer:
Vishwakavi Rabindranath Tagore.

Answer in one or two sentences each:

Question 1.
Which powers ruled over Maharashtra before the foundation of Swaraj?
Answer:
Adilshahi, the Portuguese and Mughal powers ruled over Maharashtra.

Question 2.
Which four major dangers did Shivaji Maharaj face?
Answer:
(a) Meeting with Afzalkhan
(b) Siege of Panhala
(c) Attack on Shaistakhan
(d) Escape from Agra

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler

Question 3.
What had Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said about Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
“The Maharaj did not belong to Maharashtra alone, he belonged to the whole Indian nation”, was said by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 4.
What shows that Shivaji Maharaj was a great environmentalist?
Answer:
(a) The garbage in his fort was burnt in an allotted space.
(b) Even vegetables had to be grown on its ash. These lines show that Shivaji Maharaj was a great environmentalist.

Question 5.
Mention few qualities of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj had innumerable qualities like leadership, management, foresight, political diplomacy, military administration, loyalty towards truth and justice, etc.

Question 6.
Which actions of Shivaji Maharaj prove that he was a pioneer of a new era?
Answer:
Maharaj established Swaraj while fighting against many enemies. This action itself proves that he was a pioneer of a new era.

Question 7.
What did Shivaji Maharaj aim to establish?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj aimed at establishing and maintaining an independent and sovereign existence, that did not accept the dominance of any power.

Question 8.
What was deeply installed in Shivaji Maharaj’s mind?
Answer:
The teachings of his parents towards the establishmnet of Swaraj and ethics were deeply instilled in his mind.

Question 9.
How did Tagore see Shivaji Maharaj’s efforts of founding Swaraj?
Answer:
Tagore saw his efforts on founding Swaraj as efforts for realizing a noble cause.

Find it from the chapter:

Question 1.
What advice did Shivaji Maharaj give theageing Kanhoji when he fell ill?
Answer:
When the ageing Kanhoji fell ill, Maharaj told him not to neglect his medicines or treatment on any account.

Write about the following in your own words:

Question 1.
What inspiration can you draw from Shivaji Maharaj’s life?
Answer:
(i) Future generation will continue to look upon the work of Shivaji Maharaj of founding the Swaraj and turning it into Surajya as an ideal and a source of inspiration.

(ii) Shivaji Maharaj was a great National Hero.

(iii) All Indian languages have works that talk about him as an ideal ruler and a source of inspiration.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler

Question 2.
Organisational skills of the Maharaj.
Answer:
The organisational skills of the Maharaj were unparallel and for this he had his royal associates.

  • Jiva Mahala killed Sayyid Banda during the meeting with Afzalkhan.
  • Bajiprabhu Deshpande blocked the advances of the enemy on the way to Vishalgad.
  • Murarbaji Deshpande defended the fort of Purandar.
  • Tanaji Malusare sacrificed his life while conquering Sinhagad.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write answers to the following questions in your own words:

Question a.
Why is the weight of the same object different on different planets?
Answer:
The weight of the same object is different on different planets because weight depends on the gravitational force of the planet and gravitational force on every planet is different so the weight also differs from planet to planet.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Question b.
What precautions will you take to make accurate measurements in day-to-day affairs?
Answer:
Following precautions will be taken to make accurate measurements in day to day affairs:

  1. The balance should carry the stamp of standardisation by the department of weights and measures.
  2. Balance should be stable and the pointer of the balance should be upright.
  3. The underside of the pan should not be tampered with any other weight or layers of other metal.
  4. The weight should be made of metal.

Question c.
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Answer:

Mass Weight
1. The amount of matter present in a substance is called mass. 1. The gravitational force that acts on this mass is called its weight.
2. It is a scalar quantity. 2. It is a vector quantity.
3. Mass remains same everywhere on the earth. 3. Weight changes from place to place on the ‘        earth.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

2. Who is my companion? 

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement Of Physical Quantities Exercise Question 1.

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Velocity a. Litre
2. Area b. Kilogram
3. Volume c. metre/second
4. Mass d. kilogram/cubic metre
5. Density e. square metre

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Velocity c. metre/second
2. Area e. square metre
3. Volume a. Litre
4. Mass b. Kilogram
5. Density d. kilogram/cubic metre

3. Explain giving examples. 

Question a.
Scalar quantity:
Answer:
A quantity that can be completely expressed by its magnitude alone is called a scalar quantity, e.g. length, breadth, area, mass, temperature, density, time, work. In all these examples a value with a unit is used to express quantities. Thus, we say that the length of a tunnel is 2 km.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Question b.
Vector quantity:
Answer:
The quantity that is expressed completely only.’ v when magnitude and direction are both given is called a vector quantity. Displacement, velocity are vector quantities e.g. a displacement of 20 km towards north, the aeroplane flying at a velocity of 500 km/hr towards Mumbai.

4. Explain, giving examples, the errors that occur while making measurements.

Question a.
Explain, giving examples, the errors that occur while making measurements.
Answer:
Major causes of errors in measurement are:

  1. Not using the appropriate device.
  2. Not using the device properly.

Example: While buying things at grocery shops and the vegetable market remember to look out for the following:

  • The balance should carry the stamp of standardisation by the department of weights and measures.
  • Balance should be stable. The pointer of the balance should be upright.
  • No changes should be done on the underside of the pan of the balance.
  • Weight should be made up of metals and it has to be standardized.

5. Give reasons:

Question a.
It is not proper to measure quantities by using body parts as units.
Answer:
It is not proper to measure quantities by using body parts as units because length of the body parts changes from person to person, so accurate measurement can not be found with the body parts as units.

Question b.
It is necessary to get the weights and measures standardized at regular intervals.
Answer:
It is necessary to get the weights and measures standardized at regular intervals because of that accurate weight and measurement can be taken. Errors will be avoided.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

6. Explain the need for accurate measurement and the devices to be used for that.

Question a.
Explain the need for accurate measurement and the devices to be used for that.
Answer:

  1. Measurement of substances that are precious or of great importance and used in very small quantities is done meticulously and accurately.
  2. Due to advancements in technology, devices that measure very small magnitudes of quantities like distance, mass, time and temperature are available now.
  3. e.g. distance and time in connection with very important sports competitions, mass of gold, body temperature etc.
  4. Devices to be used for this are thermometer, digital balance (Analytical balance) etc.

Project:

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 1.
Collect information about various physical quantities used in day-to-day life and the devices used for their measurement.

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Std 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 1.
The amount of matter present in a substance is called ………………. .
Answer:
mass

Measurement Of Physical Quantities Class 7 Exercise Question 2.
…………. is the qualitative measure of the inertia of an object.
Answer:
mass

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

6. Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 3.
The larger the mass, the ……………. is the inertia.
Answer:
greater

6.Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 4.
Mass is a …………… quantity.
Answer:
scalar

Physical Quantities And Measurement Class 7 Question 5.
…………… does not change from place to place anywhere in the world.
Answer:
mass

Measurement Of Physical Quantities Class 7 Question 6.
The gravitational force that acts on a mass is called its ……………. .
Answer:
weight

6 Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 7.
Wright is a …………… quantity.
Answer:
vector

Question 8.
System International (SI) is also called ………….. .
Answer:
metric system

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Question 9.
In Egypt in ancient times, the distance from a man’s elbow to the tip of his middle finger was called a ………… .
Answer:
cubit

Question 10.
Gold was weighed in a unit called …………… .
Answer:
gun

Who is my companion?

Question 1.

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Gold a. Hour glass
2. Time b. Vector
3. Distance c. Gunj
4. Weight d. Cubit

Answer

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Gold c. Gunj
2. Time a. Hour glass
3. Distance d. Cubit
4. Weight b. Vector

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Say whether true or false. Correct and rewrite the false statements:

Question 1.
The standards of the six fundamental units are kept in the National Physical Laboratory at New Delhi.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Matter has a natural tendency to resist a change in its state, which is called inertia.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Weight and mass are both equal quantities.
Answer:
False. Weight and mass are both different quantities

Question 4.
Work is a vector quantity.
Answer:
False. Work is a scalar quantity

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Question 5.
Velocity is a scalar quantity.
Answer:
False. Velocity is a vector quantity

Question 6.
Unit of time in both the systems is second.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Unit of mass in C.G.S. system is kilogram
Answer:
False. Unit of mass in C.G.S. system is gram

Question 8.
Symbol of unit of second is sec.
Answer:
False. Symbol of unit of second is ‘s’

Question 9.
1 cubic foot means 28.317 ml
Answer:
False. 1 cubic foot means 28.317 litres.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Question 10.
Vector quantity requires magnitude only.
Answer:
False. Vector quantity required magnitude and direction both.

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
Weight of our body on the moon is less than that on the earth.
Answer:

  1. Gravitational power of moon is less than the earth.
  2. Weight depends on the gravitational power of that place.
  3. Since the gravitational power of the moon is less than that of the earth, the weight on moon is less than that on the earth.

Question 2.
Mass is a scalar quantity
Answer:
Mass is a scalar quantity because it can be completely expressed by its magnitude alone, so it is scalar quantity.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Question 3.
Weight is a vector quantity.
Answer:
Weight can be expressed completely only when magnitude and direction are both given so weight is a vector quantity.

Distinguish between the following:

Question 1.
Scalar quantity and Vector quantity
Answer:

Scalar quantity Vector quantity
1. A quantity that can be completely expressed by its magnitude alone is called a scalar quantity. 1. The quantity that is expressed completely only when magnitude and direction are both given is called a vector quantity.
2. e.g. mass, length, area, breadth, density, time, work etc. 2. e.g. velocity displacement

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Question 2.
M.K.S. system and C.G.S. system
Answer:

M.K.S. system C.G.S. system
1. In this system distance is measured in metres, mass in kilograms and time in seconds. 1. In this system distance is measured in centimetres, mass in grams and time in seconds.
2. e.g. Unit of velocity is m/sec, Unit of area is square metre. 2. e.g. Unit of velocity is cm/sec, Unit of area is square centimetre.

Define the following:

  1. Mass: The amount of matter present in a substance is called mass.
  2. Inertia: Matter has a natural tendency to resist a change in its state, which is called Inertia.
  3. Weight: The gravitational force that acts on the mass is called its weight.
  4. Physical Quantities: The quantities in day to day life which can be measured are called physical quantities.
  5. Standardization: The process of checking things against a standard measure from time to time is called standardization.

Write answers to the following questions in your own words.

Question 1.
What is an atomic clock?
Answer:
An extremely accurate type of clock which is regulated by the vibrations of an atomic or molecular system such as caesium atom or ammonia is called atomic clock. It is used to maintain standard times of countries accurately.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Why would the weight of an object be; maximum at the poles and minimum at the equator?
Answer:

  1. The gravitational force that acts on the mass is called the weight.
  2. The earth is not exactly spherical, it flattens at the poles.
  3. As the distance increases the gravitational force decreases.
  4. Therefore due to reduced distance at the poles compared to the equator, the weight is maximum at the poles than equator.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Question 2.
Why is the weight of an object at a high altitude less than its weight at the sea-level?
Answer:

  1. The gravitational force that acts on the mass is called the weight.
  2. The gravitational force is always inversely proportional to the distance.
  3. So as the distance increases between the earth and the object, the gravitational force decreases.
  4. The gravitational force by which the earth attracts an object towards its centre is called weight.
  5. The weight at the sea-level is higher than at higher altitude, as the object is at a greater distance at higher altitudes compared to sea-level.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources of History Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the names of the following sources of history:

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources Of History Questions And Answers Question 1.
l _ _ _ _ d
Answer:
legend

Sources Of History Class 7 Question 2.
t _ _ _ _ h
Answer:
tarikh

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Class 9 History Chapter 1 Sources Of History Questions And Answers Question 3.
b _ _ _ _ r
Answer:
bakhar

Sources Of History Class 7 Question Answer Question 4.
p _ _ _ _a
Answer:
Powada

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Question 5.
i _ _ _ _ i _ _ i _ n
Answer:
inscription

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Questions And Answers Question 6.
m _ _ u _ _ _ t
Answer:
monument

2. Let’s write:

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions  Question 1.
What do monuments include?
Answer:
Monuments include samadhis, graves and veergalas and buildings.

Class 8 History Chapter 1 Sources Of History Questions And Answers Question 2.
What is a Tarikh?
Answer:
Tarikh or Tavarikh means the sequence of events.

Sources Of History Question And Answer  Question 3.
What qualities of the author are important in the writing of history?
Answer:
The author’s integrity, impartiality and neutrality are very important in writing history.

3. Find the odd man out:

Bakhar Is A Source Of History  Question 1.
Material sources, written sources, unwritten sources, oral sources.
Answer:
unwritten sources

Chapter 1 Class 7 History Question 2.
Monuments, coins, cave sculptures, stories.
Answer:
stories

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Class 7 History Chapter Question 3.
Bhurjapatra, temples, treatises, paintings.
Answer:
temples

Question 4.
Owis, tarikhs, folk tales, myths.
Answer:
tarikhs

4. Explain the following concepts:

Question 1.
Material sources
Answer:
Those authentic material evidences or proofs of the ancient period which support our study of historical events are called material sources of history, e.g. memorials, buildings, cave sculptures, inscription, coins, copper, plates, forts, etc.

Question 2.
Written sources
Answer:
Those authentic evidences or proof of the ancient period which are in written form are called written sources of history, e.g. Documents of proceedings in Courts of kings, genealogies, Shakavali, correspondence, dispatches, treatises, biographies, travelogues, chronicles, Tavarikh, etc.

Question 3.
Oral sources
Answer:
We understand various aspects of folk life through folk literature traditionally passed from generation to generation and they are known as oral sources of history, e.g. Myths, Folk songs, Gatha, Shlokas, Abhangas, Powadas Proverbs, Legends, etc.

5. Is it necessary to evaluate sources of history ? Give your opinion.
Answer:
(i) Yes, it is necessary to evaluate the sources of history.
(ii) Just because a source is old does not mean it is reliable or true. We should examine their authenticity and see which sources are genuine and which are fake.
(iii) We must evaluate its quality with the help of different methods and through critical analysis.
(iv) It is necessary to determine the integrity, impartiality and neutrality of the authors by knowing their personal interests, the period during which they lived and political pressures on them.

6. Write why in your words:

Question 1.
A stone inscription is considered to be an authentic source of history.
Answer:
A stone inscription, i.e. a carving on the stone is a very authentic source of history as it throws light on different features of the ancient time like the language of communication which existed, script used and the social, political and economic life of a period, etc.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Question 2.
Oral sources reveal various aspects of people’s lives.
Answer:
(i) Various aspects of folk life through folk literature passed on to us by our ancestors.
(ii) They are pearls of wisdom and they hold a wealth of knowledge about the past.
(iii) It throws light on the rich cultural life of the past and different art forms which were practised in those times.

Activity:

Visit any museum that is nearby. Gather information about the sources of history from the period that you are studying and record it in your activity book.

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources of History InText Questions and Answers

Formative Evaluation

Can you tell?

Question 1.
How do coins narrate history?
Answer:
(i) The coins made by different rulers using metals like gold, silver, copper are important sources of history.
(ii) From these coins we learn about the rulers, the period they ruled in, governance, religious ideas, personal details and use of language in that period.
(iii) Similarly, we also learn about the financial transactions and economic conditions, the advancement in metallurgy prevailing at that time.
(iv) From the images of Ram-Sita on the coins of Emperor Akbar or Shiva Parvati on the coins of Hyder Ali we see religious co-ordination of those days.

Speak your thoughts:

Question 1.
Suggest measures for preserving sources of history.
Answer:
(i) Written documents can be digitized and at the same time the original source should be preserved.
(ii) Controlling moisture by storing artefacts in an encasement which is oxygen free can help in their preservation.
(iii) Museums and other institutions must put in place steps and measures to preserve material sources of history in a scientific manner.
(iv) Handling, storage and display of artefacts must be done with care.
(v) Artefacts and other sources must be kept locked and continuous monitoring must be ensured to avoid any loss.
If any artefacts show signs of deterioration, conservationist must be called in for restoration of the same.

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources of History Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate words from the options given below:

Question 1.
The period from the ninth century CE till the end of the eighteenth century is considered to be the _____ period of Indian history. (Ancient, Medieval, Modern)
Answer:
Medieval

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Question 2.
History gives us a chronological, scientific and systematic account of ______ events. (past, present, future)
Answer:
past

Question 3.
Historical sources should be used judiciously and only after a ______. (thorough reading, indepth study, critical analysis)
Answer:
critical analysis

Question 4.
Veergala is a ________. (fort, monument, palace)
Answer:
monument

Question 5.
The Peshwas used the _______ language on their coins. (Arabic or Persian, Hindi or Sanskrit, Pali)
Answer:
Arabic or Persian

Question 6.
Travellers of other countries who came to India have written ______ or accounts of their travels, (biography, autobiography, travelogues)
Answer:
travelogues

Question 7.
Tavarikh or Tarikh means the ______. (information about past, sequence of events, dates)
Answer:
sequence of events

Question 8.
The author’s ______ is very important in writing history. (viexvpoint, perspective, impartiality and neu trality)
Answer:
impartiality and neutrality

Question 9.
An, _____ is a carving on a stone, or a wall. (metal plate, inscription, edict)
Answer:
inscription

Question 10.
______ is a type of chronicle that originated in Maharashtra. (Bakhar, Myths, Travelogues)
Answer:
Bakhar

Find the odd man out:

Question 1.
Genealogies, Travelogue, Chronicles, Inscription.
Answer:
Inscription

Question 2.
Churches, Temples, Mosques, Myths
Answer:
Myths

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Name the following:

Question 1.
The subject which gives us a chronological, scientific and systematic account of past events.
Answer:
History.

Question 2.
Any two metals used by different rulers in the past to make coins.
Answer:
Gold, Silver

Question 3.
One place in Tanjavur where inscriptions are found.
Answer:
Brihadishwara temple premises.

Question 4.
Two things inscribed on copper plates.
Answer:
(a) Royal edicts
(b) Verdicts

Question 5.
Any two scripts used in the Medieval period.
Answer:
(a) Devanagari
(b) Arabic

Question 6.
Written accounts of the travels by the travellers from other countries.
Answer:
Travelogues.

Question 7.
Any two travellers who visited India in the Medieval period.
Answer:
(a) A1 Biruni
(b) Ibn Batuta

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Question 8.
Sanskrit biography of Shivaji Maharaj was composed by this poet.
Answer:
Paramanand.

Question 9.
A source of history which means the sequence of events.
Answer:
Tavarikh or Tarikh.

Question 10.
Two people who compiled Tavarikh.
Answer:
(a) A1 Biruni
(b) Ziauddin Barani.

Question 11.
A type of chronicle that originated in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Bakhar.

Question 12.
Any two chronicles written in Marathi.
Answer:
(a) Mahikavatichi Bakhar
(b) Sabhasad Bakhar

Question 13.
Any two contemporary western historians.
Answer:
(a) Robert Arm
(b) Grant Duff

Question 14.
Any two oral sources of history.
Answer:
(a) Owis
(b) Folk songs

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What information does history give us?
Answer:
History gives us a chronological and systematic account of past events.

Question 2.
What must history be based on?
Answer:
History must be based on authentic evidence or proofs which are known as sources of history.

Question 3.
What are the different sources of history?
Answer:
Material sources, written sources and oral sources are the three different sources of history.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Question 4.
How should we use different sources of history?
Answer:
We have to use the different sources of history judiciously and only after critical analysis.

Question 5.
What do we learn when we look at forts and monuments built in the past?
Answer:
When we look at the forts and monuments we come to know about the development of architecture, the economic conditions, the quality of art, style of the building construction and people’s standard of living in that particular period.

Question 6.
Why is an inscription considered to be a very important and reliable source of history?
Answer:
An inscription is considered to be a very important and reliable source of history because it helps us to understand features like the language, script, social life of a period etc.

Question 7.
What are known as copper plates?
Answer:
Inscriptions carved on sheets of copper are known as ‘copper plates’.

Question 8.
How do we understand various aspects of folk life?
Answer:
We understand various aspects of folk life through folk literature traditionally passed from generation to generation.

Explain the following terms:

Question 1.
History
Answer:
History is a chronological, scientific and systematic account of past events.

Question 2.
An inscription
Answer:
An inscription is a carving on a stone or a wall.

Question 3.
Tavarikh or Tarikh
Answer:
Tavarikh or Tarikh means the sequence of events.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Question 4.
Bakhar
Answer:
Bakhar is a type of chronicle that originated in Maharashtra.

Question 5.
Chronicles
Answer:
Chronicles are written sources of history which help in understanding aspects like the contemporary political happenings, linguistic transaction, cultural life, social conditions, etc.

Classify the following into Material sources, Written sources and Oral sources of history:

Question 1.
Ornaments, Fort, Owis, Myths, Utensils, Folk songs, Weapons, Travelogue, Well, Biographies, Clothing, Powada, Copper plate, Folk tales, Coins, Shloka, Temples, Books
Answer:

Written Sources Material Sources Oral Sources
Books, Travelogue, Copper plate, Coins, Temples Ornaments, Forts, Utensils, Weapons, Well, Clothing Owis, Myths, Folk songs, Hearsays, Powada, Folk tales, Shloka

Complete the following diagrams:

Question 1.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History 2
Answer:

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History 1

Question 2.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History 4
Answer:

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History 3

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Question 3.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History 6
Answer:

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History 5