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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 11 Our Home and Environment Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 11 Our Home and Environment

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 11 Our Home and Environment Textbook Questions and Answers

Use your brain power?

Question 1.
For what purpose do birds use their nest.
Answer:
Birds use their nest to lay their eggs and bring up their young ones.

what’s the solution?

Question 1.
What can we do to build houses without harming the environment?
Answer:
To build houses without harming the environment we can build permanent eco-friendly houses where we have good ventilation and use non exhaustible sources of energy.

1. Which of the following houses would be suitable in a mountainous region.

Question 1(a).
Which of the following houses would be suitable in a mountainous region. Put a ✓ in the appropriate box. Give reasons for selecting that house.
Answer:

This house is made of natural material available in the mountainous region, that is stone, it is strong to withstand mountainous winds.

Question 1(b).
What materials will you mainly use for building a multi-storeyed house?
(a) Mortar / Coal / Cement / Bricks
(b) Cement / Bricks / Cotton / Iron
(c) Iron / Cement / Mortar / Bricks
Answer:
Iron / Cement / Mortar / Bricks

2. Arrange the following considerations from the most to least important factor in house building:

Question 1.
Arrange the following considerations from the most to least important factor in house building:
(a) Luxury
(b) Structure
(c) Climate
Answer:
(a) Climate
(b) Structure
(c) Luxury

3. Write the following:

Question (a)
List the eco-friendly things in your house.
Answer:
Things made of mud like a earthen water pot. (Personal response)

Question (b)
Which of the gadgets in the house can be run on solar energy?
Answer:
Solar calculator, solar cooker. Add more to the list.

4. What are the types of pollution that can be observed at a construction site?

Question 1.
What are the types of pollution that can be observed at a construction site?
Answer:
The types of pollution that are seen at a construction site are air, water, soil and noise.

Make friends with maps!

Question 1.
Observe the map and the pictures and complete the following chart.

Answer:

Try this.

Question 1.
Complete the table given below regarding the original source.

Answer:

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 11 Our Home and Environment Additional Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
A section of our society becomes homeless this is a ………………. problem.
(a) political
(b) social
(c) economic
Answer:
(b) social

Question 2.
Houses are built in large numbers due to increasing …………………. .
(a) population
(b) natural resources
(c) land
Answer:
(a) population

Question 3.
Glass is made from ……………… .
(a) soil
(b) limestone
(c) sand
Answer:
(c) sand

Question 4.
The city of Mumbai comprises of ………………….. islands.
(a) 6
(b) 7
(c) 8
Answer:
(b) 7

Question 5.
Land obtained by filling water bodies is called ………………….. .
(a) coastal lands
(b) reclaimed land
(c) marshy lands
Answer:
(b) reclaimed land

Question 6.
People build houses to suit the ………………… of their region.
(a) climate
(b) population
(c) situation
Answer:
(a) climate

Question 7.
Water, food, clothing and shelter are the basic …………………. of every human being.
(a) height
(b) weight
(c) needs
Answer:
(c) needs

Question 8.
The ……………….. of the world is increasing all the time.
(a) time
(b) population
(c) water
Answer:
(b) population

Question 9.
Shortage of …………………. land, leads to forest land being used for agriculture.
(a) agricultural
(b) geographical
(c) water
Answer:
(a) agricultural

Question 10.
Trees are …………………. in great numbers and forests are reduced.
(a) watered
(b) fellect
(c) grown
Answer:
(b) fellect

Question 11.
……………… is needed to produce construction material.
(a) Energy
(b) Humans
(c) Forest
Answer:
(a) Energy

Question 12.
Energy is produced using natural …………………. like coal, natural gas or mineral oil.
(a) trees
(b) fuels
(c) minerals
Answer:
(b) fuels

Question 13.
Burning of natural fuels leads to ……………… pollution.
(a) air
(b) water
(c) land
Answer:
(a) air

Question 14.
……………….. or ……………… energy are non-exhaustible sources of energy.
(a) air
(b) wind
(c) solar
Answer:
(b) wind & (c) solar

Name the following:

Question 1.
Government provides shelter for homeless in cities.
Answer:
Night shelters

Question 2.
Source from which cement is made.
Answer:
Limestone

Question 3.
Natural fuels
Answer:
Coal, natural gas, mineral oil.

Question 4.
Pollution caused by burning fuel.
Answer:
Air

Question 5.
Non exhaustible sources of energy.
Answer:
Solar energy, Wind energy and Biogas.

Question 6.
Two continents having water tourism
Answer:
Europe and North America.

Question 3.
Complete the co-relation:
Answer:
1. Mountainous region: Sloping roof:: Plain: Flat roof.
2. Cement: Limestone :: Bricks : Soil.
3. Coal: Exhaustible energy:: Solar energy: Non exhaustible energy.

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What are the different things from which a house gives us protection?
Answer:
A house protects us from sun, wind, cold, rain and wild animals.

Question 2.
Where do homeless people live?
Answer:
Homeless people seek shelter at the roadside, on footpaths, under bridges, in tumble down buildings, in railway or bus stations and open grounds.

Question 3.
What is water tourism?
Answer:
In the coastal region, where under water shelters are built for tourist to view the sea bed and marine life is called water tourism.

Question 4.
Why are many people forced to be ‘homeless’?
Answer:
Many people are forced to be ‘homeless’ because they have insufficient or no means of livelihood.

Question 5.
What are the basic needs of every human being?
Answer:
Water, food, clothing and shelter are the basic needs of every human being.

Question 6.
Why are houses being built in large numbers?
Answer:
The population of the world is increasing all the time. That is why, houses are being built in large numbers.

Question 7.
What are the ill-effects of urbanization on land?
Answer:
Due to growing urbanization, land which was used for agriculture is now being used to build roads or to raise settlements. This leads to shortage of agricultural land.

Question 8.
Why are trees felled?
Answer:
Shortage of agricultural land leads man to cut down forests and use the land for agriculture.

Question 9.
From where do we get energy?
Answer:
We get energy by using natural fuels like coal, natural gas or mineral oil.

Question 10.
What ill-effects do we face when we use natural fuels?
Answer:
Using natural fuels not only leads to its exhaustion but also to air pollution.

Question 11.
Which are non-exhaustible sources of energy?
Answer:
Solar energy and wind energy are non- exhaustible sources of energy.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Differences occur in the construction of houses according to the regions.
Answer:
There are differences in the construction of houses according to the region because :
1. People build houses to suit the climate of the region.
2. Using the natural resources that are available.

Question 2.
Many people are forced to be ‘homeless’.
Answer:
Many people are forced to be homeless because they have insufficient or no means of livelihood.

Question 3.
Houses are being built in large numbers.
Answer:
Houses are being built in large numbers because the population of the world is increasing all the time.

Question 4.
Forested land is reducing.
Answer:

1. Growing urbanization uses agricultural land to build roads and to raise settlements.
2. This leads to shortage of agricultural land.
3. So trees are felled in a great number to make use for agricultural purpose.
4. Therefore, forested land is reducing.

Question 5.
It is necessary to use non-exhaustible sources of energy.
Answer:

1. Natural fuels like coal, natural gas or mineral oil can be used only once.
2. They get consumed when we use them.
3. They also cause air pollution.
4. It takes lakhs of years for these resources to be formed in nature.
5. Therefore it is necessary to use non exhaustible sources of energy.

Answer briefly:

Question 1.
How are natural resources obtained to build a house?
Answer:
Natural resources are obtained to build a house are as follows:

1. Digging up hills for quarryingf.
2. Extracting sand from seashores and riverbeds.
3. Extracting stone and earth from the ground.
4. Drawing out excessive amount of ground water.
5. Felling trees to clear land.
6. Filling up ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, creeks and low lying areas to reclaimed land.

Question 2.
Why do people become homeless?
Answer:
People become homeless because

1. Lack of affordable housing.
2. Poverty and unemployment.
3. Inadequate’ income.
4. Natural disasters.
5. Physical and mental disorders.

Question 3.
What are the main uses of a house?
Answer:
The main uses of a house are as follows:

1. A shelter.
2. A resting place.
3. Protection against the sun, wind, cold and rains.
4. Protection from wild animals and from anti-social elements.

Question 4.
What is the government doing towards the ‘homeless’?
Answer:
1. A section of society being ‘homeless’ is a social problem.
2. That is why the government implements many schemes to provide homes to the homeless.
In some of the cities, the government makes ‘night shelters’ available to the homeless.

Write short notes on:

Question 1.
Characteristics of eco-friendly houses
Answer:
The characteristics of eco-friendly houses are as follows:

1. Minimum consumption of natural resources.
2. Use of non exhaustible sources of energy such as biogas, wind energy and solar energy.
3. Recycling of water.
4. Recycling of garbage.
5. Avoiding artificial materials and artificial colours.
6. Provision for natural light and ventilation in the house.

Question 2.
Uses of a house
Answer:
Uses of a house are as follows:
1. A shelter.
2. A resting place.
3. Protection against the sun, the wind, the cold and the rains.
4. Protection from wild animals.
5. Keeping ourselves safe from anti-sodal elements.

What’s the solution?

Question 1.
Construction work is going on opposite Ajit’s house. That means constant loud noise and a lot of dust in the air. Ajit and his family have to suffer this all the time. What can Ajit do to find a way out of this problem?
Answer:
Ajit and his family will have to keep their windows closed to avoid the dust and noise. They should use ear plugs when the noise is intense.

Glossary:

1. forested – covered with forests
2. urbanization – population shift from rural to urban areas
3. reclaimed – recovered.
4. shortage – a state in which something cannot be obtained in sufficient amount
5. felled – cut down.
6. luxury – state of great comfort.
7. quarrying – cut into and obtain stone
8. inadequate – lacking the quantity required
9. consumption – action of using up a resource
10. artificial – made by human beings, not natural.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Sanskrit Solutions Anand Chapter 2 अव्ययमाला Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Sanskrit Anand Solutions Chapter 2 अव्ययमाला

Sanskrit Anand Std 9 Digest Chapter 2 अव्ययमाला Textbook Questions and Answers

भाषाभ्यास:

श्लोक: 1

1. एकवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
ईश्वरेण श्रोतुं किं दत्तम् ?
उत्तरम् :
ईश्वरेण श्रोतुं कर्णी दत्तौ।

प्रश्न आ.
आस्यं कीदृशम् ?
उत्तरम् :
आस्यं सुहास्यम्।

प्रश्न इ.
ईश्वरेण विहर्तुं किं दत्तम् ?
उत्तरम् :
ईश्वरेण विहाँ पादयुग्मं दत्तम्।

2. तालिकां पूरयत।

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तरम् :

3. मेलनं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.

श्लोकः 2

1. एकवाक्येन उत्तरत ।

प्रश्न अ.
के दूतत्वं कुर्वन्ति ?
उत्तरम् :
गुणा: दूतत्वं कुर्वन्ति।

प्रश्न आ.
के केतकीम् आजिघ्रन्ति ?
उत्तरम् :
षट्पदा: केतकीम् आजिवन्ति।

2. सत्यं वा असत्यं लिखत ।

प्रश्न अ.
सज्जना: दूतत्वं कुर्वन्ति।

प्रश्न आ.
षट्पदाः स्वयम् आयान्ति ।

प्रश्न इ.
सज्जनाः केतकीगन्धम् आजिघ्रन्ति ।

3. समानार्थकशब्दं चिनुत लिखत च ।
सज्जनाः, भ्रमरा:, आगच्छन्ति ।

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थकशब्दं चिनुत लिखत च ।
सज्जनाः, भ्रमरा:, आगच्छन्ति ।
उत्तरम् :

• सज्जनाः – सन्तः, सुजनाः ।
• भ्रमराः – अलयः, भृगाः, मधुपाः, षट्पदाः।
• आगच्छन्ति – आयान्ति।

4. विरुद्धार्थकशब्दं लिखत।
गुणाः, दूरे, आयान्ति।

प्रश्न 1.
विरुद्धार्थकशब्दं लिखत।
गुणाः, दूरे, आयान्ति।
उत्तरम् :

• गुणाः × दोषाः, दुर्गुणाः।
• दूरे × समीपे, निकटे, निकषा।
• आयान्ति × गच्छन्ति, यान्ति।

श्लोकः 3

1. एकवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
धेनवः किं भुक्त्वा दुग्धं यच्छन्ति ?
उत्तरम् :
धेनवः शुष्काणि तृणानि भुक्त्वा दुग्धं यच्छन्ति ।

प्रश्न आ.
धेनवः जलाशयात् किं पिबन्ति ?
उत्तरम् :
धेनव: जलाशयात् तोयं पिबन्ति ।

प्रश्न इ.
लोकमातर: का:?
उत्तरम् :
लोकमातरः धेनवः ।

2. श्लोकात् त्वान्त-अव्यये चित्वा लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
श्लोकात् त्वान्त-अव्यये चित्वा लिखत

3. वाक्यत: कर्ता, कर्म क्रियापदं च अन्विष्यत लिखत च ।
दुग्धं यच्छन्ति धेनवः।

प्रश्न 1.
वाक्यत: कर्ता, कर्म क्रियापदं च अन्विष्यत लिखत च ।
दुग्धं यच्छन्ति धेनवः।

4. एकवचने परिवर्तयत।
लोकमातरः धेनवः शुष्काणि तृणानि खादन्ति ।

प्रश्न 1.
लोकमातरः धेनवः शुष्काणि तृणानि खादन्ति ।

श्लोकः 4

1. श्लोकात् ल्यबन्त-अव्ययानि चिनुत ।

प्रश्न 1.
श्लोकात् ल्यबन्त-अव्ययानि चिनुत ।
उत्तरम् :

2. योग्यं रूपं चिनुत ।

प्रश्न अ.
षष्ठी- विहस्य/देवस्य।
उत्तरम् :
देवस्य।

प्रश्न आ.
चतुर्थी- विहाय/गेहाय।
उत्तरम् :
गेहाय।

प्रश्न इ.
प्रथमा- अहम्/कथम्।
उत्तरम् :
अहम्।

श्लोकः 5

1. एकवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
स्थानभ्रष्टाः के के न शोभन्ते ?
उत्तरम् :
स्थानभ्रष्टा: दन्ताः, केशाः, नखाः, नराः न शोभन्ते।

प्रश्न आ.
किं विज्ञाय मतिमान् स्वस्थानं न परित्यजेत् ?
उत्तरम् :
स्थानभ्रष्टाः दन्ताः, केशाः, नखाः, नराः न शोभन्ते इति विज्ञाय मतिमान् स्वस्थानं न परित्यजेत्।

2. समानार्थकशब्दैः वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत ।
स्थानभ्रष्टाः दन्ताः केशा: नखाः नरा: न शोभन्ते ।

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थकशब्दैः वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत ।
स्थानभ्रष्टाः दन्ताः केशा: नखाः नरा: न शोभन्ते ।
उत्तरम् :

• दन्ताः – रदनाः ।
• केशा: – कचा:, कुन्तलाः।
• नखाः – नखर:, शङ्कवः, कररुहाः।
• नराः – मानवाः, पुरुषाः।

3. श्लोकात प्रथमाविभक्ते: रूपाणि चित्वा लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
श्लोकात प्रथमाविभक्ते: रूपाणि चित्वा लिखत ।
उत्तरम् :
प्रथमा – स्थानभ्रष्टाः, दन्ताः, केशाः, नखाः, नराः, मतिमान्, विघ्नविहताः, मध्याः, प्रतिहन्यमानाः, उत्तमजनाः।

Sanskrit Anand Class 9 Textbook Solutions Chapter 2 अव्ययमाला Additional Important Questions and Answers

विशेषण-विशेष्य- सम्बन्धः ।

पृथक्करणम्। तालिकां पूरयत ।

प्रश्न निर्माणं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.
गुणाः दूतत्वं कुर्वन्ति।
उत्तरम् :
गुणाः किं कुर्वन्ति?

प्रश्न 2.
केतकीगन्धम् आघ्राय षट्पदाः आयान्ति ।
उत्तरम् :
किं कृत्वा षट्पदा: आयान्ति?

प्रश्न 3.
धेनवः लोकेभ्यः दुग्धं यच्छन्ति।
उत्तरम् :
धेनवः केभ्यः दुग्धं यच्छन्ति?

प्रश्न 4.
मनुजेन सतां वर्त्म अनुसतव्यम्।
उत्तरम् :
मनुजेन केषां वर्त्म अनुसतव्यम्?

प्रश्न 5.
नीचैः विघ्नभयेन न खलु प्रारभ्यते।
उत्तरम् :
कैः विघ्नभयेन न खलु प्रारभ्यते?

प्रश्न 6.

1. ईश्वरेण घ्राणं घातुं दत्तम्।
2. ईश्वरेण द्रष्टुं नेत्रे दत्ते।
3. ईश्वरेण दातुं हस्तयुग्मं दत्तम्।
4. ईश्वरेण चित्तं ध्यातुं दत्तम्।

उत्तरम् :

1. ईश्वरेण घ्राणं किमर्थं दत्तम्?
2. ईश्वरेण द्रष्टुं के दत्ते?
3. ईश्वरेण दातुं किं दत्तम्?
4. ईश्वरेण चित्तं किमर्थ दत्तम्?

विभक्त्यन्तरूपाणि।

• प्रथमा – गुणाः, षट्पदाः, धेनवः, लोकमातरः, स्वल्पम, बहु, षष्ठी, चतुर्थी, अहम, द्वितीया, नरः, कः, दैवम्।
• द्वितीया – दूतत्वम्, केतकीगन्धम्, तृणानि, तोयम, दुग्धम्, परसन्तापम, खलमन्दिरम्, वर्त्म, विघ्नभयेन, विनैः, स्वोद्योगम्।
• चतुर्थी – लोकेभ्यः।
• पञ्चमी – जलाशयात्, तिलेभ्यः।
• षष्ठी – सताम्, वसताम्, सताम्, यस्य।

पद्यांशं पठित्वा जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत।

1.

2.

लेखनकौशलम् :

समानार्थकशब्द योजयित्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत।

• नासिका- बालकस्य नासिका दीर्घा। बालकस्य नासा / घोणा दीर्घा ।
• नेत्रम् – नेत्रे मुखस्य सौंदर्य वर्धयतः। लोचने / नयने मुखस्य सौंदर्य वर्धयतः।
• षट्पदा:- षट्पदाः रसपानं कर्तुम् आयान्ति। भ्रमराः । भृङ्गाः रसपान कर्तुम् आयान्ति।
• नराः – नराः स्वस्थानं न त्यजेयुः। मानवाः / मनुष्याः स्वस्थानं न त्यजेयुः।
• दैवम् – दैवं पुरुषकार्यम् एव अनुसरति। भाग्यं पुरुषकार्यम् एव अनुसरति।
• वर्त्म – सतां वर्त्म अनुत्सृज्य कार्य कुर्यात्। सतां मार्गम् अनुत्सृज्य कार्यं कुर्यात्।

व्याकरणम् :

शब्दानां पृथक्करणम्

समासाः।

अव्ययमाला Summary in Marathi and English

प्रस्तावना :

सुभाषिते हे संस्कृत भाषेचे ठळक वैशिष्ट्य आहे. सुभाषिते केवळ गेय नसून कमी शब्दांत महत्त्वपूर्ण अर्थ पोहचवतात. प्रस्तुत अव्ययमालेमध्ये केवळ भाषासौंदर्यच दिसत नाही तर धातुंपासून बनणाऱ्या अव्ययांचे प्रयोजन सुद्धा दिसते. ह्यामध्ये प्रत्येक श्लोकात अव्ययांचा वापर केला आहे. ज्यात काही बदल होत नाही ती अव्यये. त्यांपैकी काही अव्यये धातुंपासून बनतात.

Subhashitas or good sayings form the most beautiful part of Sanskrit language. They are not only rhythmic and melodious but convey a very profound meaning in a few words. In this beautiful collection of slokas we shall not only see the beauty of language but also observe the use of avyayas that are derived from dhatus.

This अव्ययमाला has a theme where in each shloka contains some words which are अव्ययs formed from धातुs. अव्ययs are words that don’t change and these are अव्ययs that are formed from धातुs.

श्लोकः 1

श्रोतुं ……………………….. पातु ।।1।। [Greatness of the creation of the creator]

श्लोकः : श्रोतुं करें, वक्तुमास्यं सुहास्यं
घातुं घ्राणं पादयुग्मं विहर्तुम्।
द्रष्टुं नेत्रे हस्तयुग्मं च दातुं
ध्यातुं चित्तं येन सृष्टं स पातु।।1।। (शालिनी)
अन्वयः : येन श्रोतुं कर्णी, वक्तुं सुहास्यम् आस्य, घातुं घाणं, विहर्तुं पादयुग्मं, द्रष्टुं नेत्रे, दातुं हस्तयुग्मं ध्यातुं च वित्त सृष्ट सः (ईश्वरः) पातु।

अनुवादः

ऐकण्यासाठी कान, बोलण्यासाठी सुंदर हास्य असलेले तोंड, वास घेण्यासाठी नाक, फिरण्यासाठी दोन पाय, देण्यासाठी दोन हात आणि ध्यान करण्यासाठी मन ज्याने निर्माण केले तो (ईश्वर) (आमचे) रक्षण
करो.

May he (the Lord) protect us who has created two ears to hear, smiling face to speak, a nose to smell, a pair of feet to move around, two eyes to see, a pair of hands to give and a mind to think/contemplate.

श्लोकः 2.

गुणा: …………………………….. षट्पदाः ।।2।। [Virtues spread on their own]

श्लोकः : गुणा: कुर्वन्ति दूतत्वं दूरेऽपि वसतां सताम्।
केतकीगन्धमाघ्राय स्वयमायान्ति षट्पदाः ।।2।। (शाङ्गधरपद्धतिः) (अनुष्टुभ)
अन्वयः : दूरे वसताम् अपि सतां, गुणा: दूतत्वं कुर्वन्ति। (यथा) षट्पदाः केतकीगन्धम् आघ्राय (मधुपानाय) स्वयम् आयन्ति।

अनुवादः

दूरवर राहणाऱ्या सज्जनांचे गुण (त्यांचे) दूतत्व करतात. (जसे) भुंगे | केवड्याचा सुगंध घेऊन (मध पिण्यासाठी) स्वत:हून येतात.
Virtues become the messengers of the virtuous though residing far away. Just as having smelt the fragrance of Ketaki, the bees themselves come to it.

श्लोकः  3.

भुक्त्वा ……………. लोकमातरः ।।3।। [Great ones act for the welfare of others]

श्लोकः : भुक्त्वा तृणानि शुष्काणि पीत्वा तोयं जलाशयात्।
दुग्धं यच्छन्ति लोकेभ्यो धेनवो लोकमातरः।।3।। (अनुष्टुभ)
अन्वयः : धेनवः शुष्काणि तृणानि भुक्त्वा जलाशयात् तोयं पीत्वा लोकेभ्य: दुग्धं यच्छन्ति । (ता.) लोकमातर: (खलु)।

अनुवादः

गायी सुके गवत (चारा) खाऊन, जलाशयातील पाणी पिऊन लोकांना दूध देतात. (त्या) खरोखरच लोकमाता होत.
Cows who are indeed the mothers of the world give milk to people after eating dry grass and drinking water from the pond.

श्लोकः 4.

यस्य षष्ठी ………….. कथम् ।।5।। [I can’t marry a person who is ignorant.]

श्लोकः : यस्य षष्ठी चतुर्थी च विहस्य च विहाय च।
अहं कथं द्वितीया स्यात्, द्वितीया स्यामहं कथम्।।5।। (अनुष्टुभ्)
अन्वयः : यस्य (कृते) विहस्य (इति) षष्ठी, विहाय (इति) चतुर्थी, अहं कथं च (इति) द्वितीया स्यात् (तस्य) अहं द्वितीया (पत्नी) कथं स्याम्?

अनुवादः

ज्याच्यासाठी विहस्य ही षष्ठी (विभक्ती) आणि विहाय ही चतुर्थी (विभक्ती) आहे (तसेच) अहम्, कथम् ही द्वितीया (विभक्ती) आहे त्याची मी द्वितीया (पत्नी) कशी होऊ?

स्पष्टीकरण वैय्याकरणी वेदवती तिच्या भावी पतीची परीक्षा घेणार होती. गौरांग या तिच्या होणाऱ्या नवऱ्याला तिने विचारले, विहस्य, विहाय आणि अहम् व कथम् ही कोणती रूपे आहेत? त्याला केवळ ‘देव शब्दाची रूपे पाठ असल्यामुळे षष्ठी, चतुर्थी व द्वितीया असे उत्तर दिले. तेव्हा वेदवतीने वरील उत्तर दिले. ती म्हणाली ज्यासाठी अहम् आणि कथम् द्वितीया आहेत, त्याची मी द्वितीया म्हणजेच पत्नी कशी होऊ?

How can I become the wife of a person for whom the word विहस्य is षष्ठी विभक्ति, विहाय is चतुर्थी विभक्ति and अहम् and कथम् are द्वितीया विभक्ति?

Explanation Vedavati, a lady well-versed with grammar wanted to test the groom she would be marrying. In order to test the knowledge of the groom Gaurang, she asked him what the words विहस्य, विहाय and अहम्, कथम् were grammatically. Gaurang had only learnt the forms of the word and that too with great difficulty.

So, for him the words विहस्य and विहाय which are actually अव्ययs seemed to be षष्ठी and चतुर्थी विभक्ति like देवस्य and देवाय respectively and अहम् and कथम् seemed to be द्वितीया विभक्ति like देवम् SoVedavati remarked that she could not become the file meaning wife of such an ignorant person.

श्लोकः 5.

स्थानभ्रष्टा ………………. परित्यजेत् ।।7।। [Everything has its value only when it is in its right place]

श्लोकः : स्थानभ्रष्टा न शोभन्ते दन्ता: केशा नखा नराः।
इति विज्ञाय मतिमान् स्वस्थानं न परित्यजेत्।।7।। (हितोपदेश:) (अनुष्टुभ्)
अन्वयः स्थानभ्रष्टा: दन्ताः, केशाः, नखा: नराः च न शोभन्ते इति विज्ञाय मतिमान् (नर:) स्वस्थानं न परित्यजेत्।

अनुवादः

आपल्या स्थानापासून ढळलेले दात, केस, नखे आणि पुरुष शोभून दिसत नाहीत, हे जाणून बुद्धिमान माणसाने स्वत:चे स्थान सोडू नये.
Knowing that teeth, hair, nails and people that are not in the right place don’t look good, a wise person would not give up his place.

सन्धिविग्रहः

1. स्थानभ्रष्टान – स्थानभ्रष्टाः + न।
2. वक्तुमास्यम् – वक्तुम् + आस्यम् ।
3. केतकीगन्धमानाय – केतकीगन्धम् + आघाय।
4. दूरेऽपि – दूरे + अपि।
5. स्वयमायान्ति – स्वयम् + आयान्ति।
6. लोकेभ्यो धेनवो लोकमातरः – लोकेभ्यः + धेनवः + लोकमातरः।
7. यत्स्वल्पमपि – यत् + स्वल्पम् + अपि ।
8. विघ्नविहता विरमन्ति – विघ्नविहताः + विरमन्ति।
9. पुनरपि – पुन: + अपि।
10. प्रारब्धमुत्तमजना न – प्रारब्धम् + उत्तमजनाः + न।
11. स्यामहम् – स्याम् + अहम् ।
12. केशा नखा नरा: – केशा: + नखा: + नराः।
13. दैवमेवेति – दैवम् + एव + इति।
14. नरस्त्यजेत् – नरः + त्यजेत्।
15. कस्तैलम् – कः + तैलम्।
16. प्राप्तुमर्हति – प्राप्तुम् + अर्हति।

समानार्थकशब्दाः

1. कर्णः – श्रोत्रम्, श्रुतिः, श्रवः, श्रवणम्।
2. आस्यम् – वदनम्, तुण्डम्, आननम्, मुखम्।
3. प्राणम् – नासिका, गन्धवहा, घोणा, नासा।
4. विहर्तुम् – भ्रमितुम्।
5. नेत्रम् – नयनम, लोचनम्, चक्षुः, अक्षः।
6. हस्त: – करः, पाणिः ।
7. पादः – चरणः।
8. चित्तम् – मनः, चेतः, अन्त:करणम्।
9. पातु – रक्षतु।
10. तृणानि – शष्पाणि।
11. धेनवः – गावः।
12. भुक्त्वा – खादित्वा।
13. मातर: – जनन्यः।
14. खलः – दुष्टः, दुर्जनः।
15. सताम् – सज्जनानाम्।
16. वर्त्म – मार्गः, अध्वा,
17. पन्थाः, पथः।
18. अनुत्सृज्य – अत्यक्त्वा।
19. स्वल्पम् – अल्पम्, स्तोकम्।
20. बहु – भूरि, अधिकम्।
21. मन्दिरम् – (अत्र) गृहम्।
22. विघ्नम् – सङ्कटम्, प्रत्यूहः ।
23. पुन: पुन: – वारंवारम् ।
24. द्वितीया – पत्नी, जाया ।
25. विहस्य – हसित्वा ।
26. विहाय – त्यक्त्वा ।
27. प्राप्तुम् – लब्धम्।
28. अनुद्यमः – आलस्यम्।
29. सताम् – सज्जनानाम्।
30. प्रारभ्य – आरभ्य।

विरुद्धार्थकशब्दाः

• शुष्काणि × आणि।
• खलः × सुजनः।
• स्वल्पम् × बहु।
• नीचा: × उत्तमाः।
• प्रारभ्य × समाप्य।
• प्रारब्धम् × समाप्तम्।
• परित्यजन्ति × स्वीकृर्वन्ति।
• अनुद्यमः × उद्यमः।

शब्दार्थाः

1. आस्यम् – mouth – तोंड
2. ध्राणम् – nose – नाक
3. घातुम् – to smell – वास घेण्यासाठी
4. पादः – foot/leg – पाय
5. युग्मम् – pair – जोडी
6. नेत्रे – eyes – डोळे
7. दातुम् – to give – देण्यासाठी
8. चित्तम् – mind – चित्त
9. विहर्तुम् – to wander – फिरण्यासाठी
10. सृष्टम् – created – निर्माण केले
11. षट्पदाः – bees – भुंगे
12. केतकी – fragrance of Ketaki – केवड्याचा
13. गन्धम् – (Screw pine) – सुवास
14. गुणाः – virtues – गुण
15. दूतत्वम् – as a messenger – दूताचे काम
16. सताम् – of good people – सज्जनांचे
17. तृणानि – grass – गवत
18. शुष्काणि – dry – सुकलेले
19. तोयम् – water – पाणी
20. धेनवः – cows – गायी
21. अकृत्वा – without doing – न करून
22. परसन्ताप: – troubling others – दुसऱ्याला त्रास, पीडा
23. अगत्वा – without going – न जाता
24. खलमन्दिर – abode of the wicked – दुष्टाचे घर
25. अनुत्सृज्य – without leaving – न सोडता
26. सताम् – of good people – सज्जनांचा
27. वर्ती – road, path – मार्ग
28. विहस्य – having smiled – हसून
29. बिहाय – having left – सोडून
30. द्वितीया – second, (here) wife – दुसरी, (इथे)पत्नी
31. विघ्न – obstacle – अडथळा
32. विघ्नविहता: – due to obstacles – अडथळ्यांनी हरलेले
33. प्रतिहन्यमानाः – hammered – मारा झालेले
34. मध्यमाः – mediocre – मध्यम प्रतीचे लोक
35. स्थानभ्रष्टा: – not in the proper place – स्थानापासून ढळलेले
36. विज्ञाय – after knowing – जाणून
37. मतिमान् – intelligent – बुद्धिमान
38. दैवम् – fortune – नशीब
39. सञ्चिन्त्य – thinking – विचार करून
40. नरः – man – मनुष्य
41. अनुद्यमेन – without effort – प्रयत्नशिवाय

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 2 बूँदें Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Sulabhbharati Solutions Chapter 2 बूँदें

5th Standard Hindi Digest Chapter 2 बूँदें Textbook Questions and Answers

1. कविता में आए हुए लयात्मक शब्दों को ढूँढ़कर सुनाओ।

प्रश्न 1.
कविता में आए हुए लयात्मक शब्दों को ढूँढ़कर सुनाओ।

2. बूंदें क्या-क्या करती हैं, बताओ ।

प्रश्न 1.
बूंदें क्या-क्या करती हैं, बताओ ।

पूरी कविता उचित हाव-भाव, लय, गति, अभिनय के साथ बार-बार सुनाएँ । दो-दो पंक्तियाँ सुनाकर विद्यार्थियों से दोहरवाएँ । कविता का सामूहिक, गुट, एकल रूप में पाठ करवाएँ । कविता प्रश्नोत्तर वारा समझाएँ । परिचित कविता उनसे कहलवाएँ ।

प्रश्न 1.
सुनो और दोहराओ:

Hindi Sulabhbharati Class 5 Solutions Chapter 2 बूँदें Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:

प्रश्न 1.
आपका पसंदीदा मौसम कौन-सा है?
उत्तर:
मेरा पसंदीदा मौसम बारिश है।

प्रश्न 2.
बारिश की आवाज़ कैसी होती है?
उत्तर:
बारिश की आवाज़ रिमझिम – रिमझिम होती है।

प्रश्न 3.
बूंदें किसमें मिल जाती हैं?
उत्तर:
बूंदें नालों, नदियों, सागर में मिल जाती हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
वर्षा में भीगने से बचने के लिए हम किन चीज़ों का प्रयोग करते हैं?
उत्तर:
वर्षा में भीगने से बचने के लिए हम छाता या रेनकोट का प्रयोग करते हैं।

प्रश्न 5.
बादल कब गरजते हैं?
उत्तर:
वर्षा के समय बादल गरजते हैं।

प्रश्न 6.
वर्षा कौन-से महीने में आती है?
उत्तर:
वर्षा जून के महीने में आती है।

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के एक शब्द में उत्तर लिखिए:

प्रश्न 1.
बूंदें कैसे गाती हैं?
उत्तर:
रिमझिम।

प्रश्न 2.
खेतों, बागों और मैदानों में हरियाली कौन फैलाता है?
उत्तर:
बूंदें।

प्रश्न 3.
गरमी से तपते लोगों को बूंदें क्या पहुँचाती हैं?
उत्तर:
शीतलता।

नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में पूर्ण लिखिए:

प्रश्न 1.
बूंदें धरती पर कैसे आती हैं ?
उत्तर:
बूंदें धरती पर रिमझिम-रिमझिम गाती हुई आती हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
बूंदें कहाँ से आकर सागर में मिल जाती हैं?
उत्तर:
बूंदें धरती के नालों, नदियों से होती हुई आकर सागर में मिल जाती हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
बूंदें किनका मन हरषाती हैं?
उत्तर:
बूंदें मेंढक, मोर, पपीहा और कोयल इन सभी के मन को हरषाती हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
पुरवाई के रथ पर चढ़कर बूंदें क्या करती हैं?
उत्तर:
पुरवाई के रथ पर चढ़कर बूंदें इठलाती और मुसकाती हैं।

प्रश्न 5.
‘बूंदें’ कविता में आनेवाले पक्षियों के नाम लिखिए।
उत्तर:
‘बूंदें’ कविता में आनेवाले पक्षी मोर, पपीहा और कोयल हैं।

4. कविता में आए हुए लयात्मक शब्दों को ढूँढ़कर लिखिए:
उदा. आती – गाती

प्रश्न 1.
1. इठलाती
2. फैलाती
उत्तर:
1. हरषाती
2. मुसकाती

प्रश्न 5.
बूंदें क्या-क्या करती हैं?
उत्तर:
बूंदें खेतों, बागों, मैदानों में हरियाली फैलाती हैं। गरमी से तपते लोगों को शीतलता पहुँचाती हैं। पशु-पक्षियों के साथ-साथ मनुष्य के मन को भी आनंद से भर देती हैं।

प्रश्न 6.
कोष्टक में से उचित शब्द चुनकर रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए:
(नदियों, सागर, बागों, मैदानों, हरियेली, बूंदे, धरती)

1. रिमझिम – रिमझिम गाती ……………………
…………………………. पर हैं आती बँदें।
2. खेतों. ………………………., ……………………….. में,
……………… फैलाती बूंदें।
3. धरती से नालों, ……………… में,
…………………… से मिल जाती बूंदें।
उत्तर:
1. बूंदें, धरती
2. बागों, मैदानों, हरियाली
3. नदियों, सागर

प्रश्न 7.
निम्नलिखित प्राणियों की बोलियाँ लिखिए:

1. मेंढक
2. मोर
3. कोयल
4. पपीहा
5. चिड़िया
6. कौआ

उत्तर:

1. टर्र-टर्र
2. क्वें-क्वें
3. कुहू-कुहू
4. पीहू-पीहू
5. ची-चीं
6. काँव-काँव

प्रश्न 8.
उचित जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए:

उत्तर:

1. लोगों को
2. बूंदें
3. पपीहे, कोयल
4. हरषाती बूंदें
5. रथ पर चढ़कर
6. मुसकाती बूंदें

व्याकरण:

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों के बहुवचन – रूप लिखिए:

1. बूंद
2. नाला
3. पपीहा
4. कोयल
5. छाता
6. बच्चा
7. नदी
8. धरती
9. रथ
10. चिड़िया
11. घोड़ा
12. पत्ता
13. डाली
14. लड़की

उत्तर:

1. बूंदें
2. नाले
3. पपीहे
4. कोयल
5. छाते
6. बच्चे
7. नदियाँ
8. धरती
9. रथ
10. चिड़ियाँ
11. घोड़े
12. पत्ते
13. डालियाँ
14. लड़कियाँ

प्रश्न 2.
समानार्थी शब्द लिखिए:

1. धरती
2. बाग
3. नदी
4. सागर
5. शीतल
6. पपीहा
7. तपते
8. मुसकाना

उत्तर:

1. जमीन
2. बगीचा
3. सरिता
4. समुद्र
5. ठंडा
6. चातक
7. गरमाते
8. हँसना

प्रश्न 3.
लिंग बदलिए:

1. मोर
2. मेंढक
3. घोड़ा
4. लड़की

उत्तर:

1. मोरनी
2. मेंढकी
3. घोड़ी
4. लड़का

प्रश्न 4.
विपरीत अर्थ के शब्द लिखिए:

1. धरती
2. आती
3. गरमी
4. शीतलता
5. मिलना
6. हर्ष
7. बाढ़

उत्तरः

1. आकाश
2. जाती
3. ठंडी
4. उष्णता
5. बिछड़ना
6. शोक
7. सूखा

प्रश्न 5.
बिन्दु’या चंद्र बिंदु’लगाकर शब्द लिखिए:

1. बूद
2. खेतो
3. बागो
4. मैदानो
5. नालो
6. मेढक
7. चाद
8. पाच
9. चोच

उत्तर:

1. बूंद
2. खेतों
3. बागों
4. मैदानों
5. नालों
6. मेंढक
7. चाँद
8. पाँच
9. चोंच

बूँदें Summary in Hindi

कविता का सारांशः

बारिश की बूंदों के साथ वातावरण में परिवर्तन होता है। बारिश की बूंदें चारों तरफ हरियाली फैलाती हैं। गरमी से परेशान लोगों को शीतलता देती हैं। पशु-पक्षियों को भी आनंदित करती हैं। पुरवाई के रथ पर चढ़कर ये बूंदें इठलाती और मुसकाती हुई आती हैं। बारिश की ये बूंदें नालों-नदियों से होती हुई सागर में मिलती हैं।

शब्दार्थ:

1. बूंदें – वर्षा की बूंदें (raindrops)
2. धरती – ज़मीन (land)
3. खेत – कृषि – भूमि (field)
4. बाग – बगीचा (garden)
5. शीतल – ठंडा (cool)
6. पपीहा – एक पक्षी (cuckoo)
7. हरषाना – खुश करना (to make happy)
8. पुरवाई – पूरब से आनेवाली हवा (eastern breeze)
9. इठलाना – इतराना
10. मुसकाना – हँसना (smile)
11. रिमझिम – बूंदों की आवाज़
12. नाला – पानी निकलने का छोटा रास्ता
13. नदी – सरिता (river)
14. सागर – समुद्र (sea)
15. तपना – अधिक गरमी लगना

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 3 The Earth and its Living World Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 3 The Earth and its Living World

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 3 The Earth and its Living World Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What is the solution?

Question 1.
Dark patches appear on the skin after exposure to the sun.
Answer:
Dark patches due to sun’s rays are called sunspots which can be taken care in a natural way by applying slices of fresh lemon on it for 10-15 minutes or by applying aloe vera gel twice a day.

2. Use your brainpower!

Question (a)
Why are microorganisms important?
Answer:
Microorganisms live in the soil and do the work of decomposing the dead plants and animals. If there were no microorganisms then the dead plants and animals would not get decomposed, they would have got accumulated and the soil would not become fertile.

Question (b)
Think about all the foodstuffs obtained from the sea. Find more information and write ten lines about them.
Answer:
Question Personal response.

3. Answer the following in one sentence:

Question (a)
What are clouds made of?
Answer:
Clouds are made up of very fine droplets of water which are small and light.

Question (b)
What is meant by biosphere?
Answer:
Living things occupy parts of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Living things and all the parts they occupy are together called the biosphere.

Question (c)
Make a list of the land forms you see in your surroundings and give a description of any two of them.
Answer:
(Personal response) Landforms e.g. mountain, hill, hillock, valley, plains, plateaus, river etc. (Students are supposed to write their own answers)

4. In the following sentences, underline the words that refer to landforms.

Question 1.
In the following sentences, underline the words that refer to landforms.
Answer:
(a) Anil lives at the foot of a hill.
(b) Ria lives in the plateau region.

5. Write a note about the following:

Question (a)
Evaporation:
Answer:
Due to the heat of the sun, the water from the earth’s surface goes into vapour state forming fine droplets of water which are small and light. This process is called evaporation.

Question (b)
Condensation:
Answer:
The process when vapour turns into water on cooling to form drops of water it is called as condensation.

Question (c)
The water cycle:
Answer:

1. Evaporation of water from the earth due to the heat of the sun, forms water vapour.
2. This vapour is light and moves up in the atmosphere and forms clouds.
3. When these droplets join together and form bigger drops they become heavy and falls down on the earth in the form of rain.
4. This process of evaporation, condensation and rainfall go on in a continuous cycle.
5. This is known as nature’s water cycle.

6. Give two examples of each:

Question (a)
Weather-related events
Answer:
Clouds, rain

Question (b)
Sources of water
Answer:
River, lake

7. Draw a labelled diagram showing the:

Question 1.
Water cycle
Answer:

Question 2.
The earth’s atmosphere
Answer:

Question 3.
The spheres of the earth
Answer:

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 3 The Earth and its Living World Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
The earth’s crust is mainly made up of …………….. .
(a) soil
(b) rock
(c) animals
Answer:
(b) rock

Question 2.
The earth’s crust and a small hard portion of the layer under it is called the ………………. .
(a) hydrosphere
(b) atmosphere
(c) lithosphere
Answer:
(c) lithosphere

Question 3.
About ……………….. of the earth’s surface is covered by land while about ………………… is covered with water.
(a) one third
(b) one fourth, two third
(c) three fourth
Answer:
(b) one fourth, two third

Question 4.
The envelope of air around the earth is called the ……………… .
(a) lithosphere
(b) atmosphere
(c) biosphere
Answer:
(b) atmosphere

Question 5.
There are huge blocks of ice floating in the sea called ……………….. .
(a) glacier
(b) blockice
(c) iceberg
Answer:
(c) iceberg

Question 6.
The earth is surrounded by the …………………. .
(a) atmosphere
(b) lithosphere
(c) hydrosphere
Answer:
(a) atmosphere

Question 7.
There are ………………. things on land, air and water.
(a) non-living
(b) living
(c) rocks
Answer:
(b) living

Question 8.
The ……………….. is the cause of many natural processes on the earth.
(a) moon
(b) planets
(c) sun
Answer:
(c) sun

Question 9.
The ……………… spreads in all the other three spheres.
(a) biosphere
(b) atmosphere
(c) lithosphere
Answer:
(a) biosphere

Question 10.
The earth’s crust is ………………….. .
(a) soft
(b) marshy
(c) hard
Answer:
(c) hard

Question 11.
A vast continuous stretch of land is called a ………………… .
(a) sea
(b) ocean
(c) continent
Answer:
(c) continent

Question 12.
The land on earth is divided into ………………… continents.
(a) one
(b) two
(c) seven
Answer:
(c) seven

Question 13.
………………….. is the largest continent.
(a) Africa
(b) Asia
(c) Australia
Answer:
(b) Asia

Question 14.
…………….. is the smallest continent.
(a) Africa
(b) Asia
(c) Australia
Answer:
(c) Australia

Question 15.
Ocean water is …………………. .
(a) salty
(b) sweet
(c) bitter
Answer:
(a) salty

Question 16.
There are ……………….. oceans.
(a) one
(b) five
(c) seven
Answer:
(b) five

Question 17.
The land along the margins of an ocean is called the ……………….. region.
(a) coastal
(b) rainy
(c) mountainous
Answer:
(a) coastal

Question 18.
Stream water is ……………….. and not salty.
(a) bitter
(b) fresh
(c) salty
Answer:
(b) fresh

Question 19.
……………….. are smallest forms of water streams.
(a) Rills
(b) Brooks
(c) Rivers
Answer:
(a) Rills

Question 20.
……………… are biggest forms of water streams.
(a) Rills
(b) Brooks
(c) Rivers
Answer:
(c) Rivers

Question 21.
A river cascades down a sudden drop to form a ……………….. .
(a) lake
(b) waterfall
(c) glacier
Answer:
(b) waterfall

Question 22.
All rivers eventually flow into the …………………. .
(a) lake
(b) waterfall
(c) ocean
Answer:
(c) ocean

Question 23.
A water body formed by water collecting naturally in a low-lying area of land is called a …………… .
(a) ocean
(b) lake
(c) river
Answer:
(b) lake

Question 24.
Many lakes and wells get water from underground …………………. .
(a) lakes
(b) springs
(c) mines
Answer:
(b) springs

Question 25.
As we go higher from the earth’s surface, the air in the atmosphere becomes ………………. .
(a) rarer
(b) thicker
(c) solid
Answer:
(a) rarer

Question 26.
The atmosphere consists of a mixture of ……………….. .
(a) liquid
(b) solid
(c) gases
Answer:
(c) gases

Question 27.
As we go higher in the troposphere, it becomes ……………….. .
(a) hotter
(b) humid
(c) cooler
Answer:
(c) cooler

Question 28.
Almost all the water vapour in the atmosphere is contained in the ………………. .
(a) troposphere
(b) stratosphere
(c) mesosphere
Answer:
(a) troposphere

Question 29.
In the lower part of the stratosphere, there is a layer of a gas called ……………….. .
(a) oxygen
(b) ozone
(c) nitrogen
Answer:
(b) ozone

Question 30.
…………………….. rays coming from the sun are harmful for living things.
(a) Ultraviolet
(b) Infrared
(c) Electric bulb
Answer:
(a) Ultraviolet

Question 31.
Water on the earth ……………………….. continuously due to the heat of the sun.
(a) condenses
(b) evaporates
(c) melts
Answer:
(b) evaporates

Question 32.
Water vapour is ………………. than air, it rises up into the atmosphere.
(a) lighter
(b) heavier
(c) bigger
Answer:
(a) lighter

Question 33.
The polar bear is seen only in the …………………. polar regions.
(a) rain bound
(b) windblown
(c) snowbound
Answer:
(c) snowbound

Question 34.
Zebras are found in ………………….. .
(a) Africa
(b) India
(c) Australia
Answer:
(a) Africa

Question 35.
Kangaroos are found only in …………………… .
(a) Africa
(b) India
(c) Australia
Answer:
(c) Australia

Question 36.
This ………………… world constitutes the biosphere.
(a) living
(b) non-living
(c) material
Answer:
(a) living

Give two examples of each:

Question 1.
Continents
Answer:
Asia, Africa

Question 2.
Oceans
Answer:
The Atlantic, Pacific Ocean

Question 3.
Part of the ocean
Answer:
Sea, Gulf

Question 4.
Animals found in regions of hot climates
Answer:
Elephant, Lions

Question 5.
Answer in one word:
Answer:

1. The cause of many natural processes on the earth.
2. Largest Continent
3. Smallest Continent
4. Uneven land in different places.
5. Smallest streams
6. Biggest Streams
7. Place where river cascades
8. Layer of gas in the stratosphere.
9. Animals found only in Australia.

Answer:

1. Sun
2. Asia
3. Australia
4. Landforms
5. Rills
6. Rivers
7. Waterfall
8. Ozone
9. Kangaroos

Question 4.
In the following sentences, underline the words that refer to landforms.
Answer:

1. Ganga is India’s longest river.
2. Esselworld is situated near the sea shore.
3. Andaman and Nicobar are beautiful islands.
4. Agriculture is the main occupation in the plains.

Answer the following in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is a coastal region?
Answer:
The land along the margins of an ocean is called a coastal region.

Question 2.
What is a lake?
Answer:
A water body formed by water collecting naturally in a low lying area of land is called a lake.

Question 3.
What is meant by hydrosphere?
Answer:
The water or ice that occupies the earth’s surface, groundwater and the water vapour in the atmosphere together form the earth’s hydrosphere.

Question 4.
Name the layers of the atmosphere.
Answer:
The layers of the atmosphere are troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere and exosphere.

Question 5.
What is the atmosphere made up of?
Answer:
The atmosphere mainly consists of a mixture of gases, namely nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour and carbon dioxide.

Question 6.
Which three spheres envelope the earth?
Answer:
The hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere envelope the earth.

Question 7.
Which sphere is present in all the three spheres?
Answer:
The biosphere spreads in all the three spheres.

Question 8.
What portion of the earth is land?
Answer:
About a third of the surface of the earth consists of land.

Question 9.
What is a continent?
Answer:
A vast continuous stretch of land is called a continent.

Question 10.
Into how many continents is the land on earth divided?
Answer:
Land on earth is divided into seven continents.

Question 11.
Name the seven continents of the earth?
Answer:
The seven continents are Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica and Australia.

Question 12.
Which is the largest and the smallest continent?
Answer:
Asia is the largest continent and Australia is the smallest continent.

Question 13.
Name the five oceans of the earth.
Answer:
The five oceans are the Atlantic, Pacific, Artie, the Southern Ocean and the Indian Ocean.

Question 14.
Name some water bodies that form along the coastal region.
Answer:
Sea, bay, gulf, strait7, creek8 etc. are some water bodies formed along the coastal region.

Question 15.
How are rivers formed?
Answer:
Rills, brooks9, streams join each other to form rivers.

Question 16.
What is a waterfall?
Answer:
In some places, a river cascades down a sudden drop. This forms a waterfall.

Question 17.
Where do rivers end?
Answer:
All rivers eventually flow into the ocean.

Question 18.
What is snow?
Answer:
Water particles in the cloud freeze and in the cold regions, they come down in the form of snow.

Question 19.
What are icebergs?
Answer:
Huge blocks or mass of ice floating in the sea are called icebergs.

Question 20.
What is ground water?
Answer:
There is a lot of water stored in the underground layers of rock. This water is called ground water.

Question 21.
What is hydrosphere?
Answer:
The water or ice that occupies the earth’s surface, ground water and the water vapour in the atmosphere together form the earth’s hydrosphere.

Question 22.
What is atmosphere?
Answer:
The envelope of air around the earth is called the atmosphere.

Question 23.
Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the surface of the earth?
Answer:
The troposphere is closest to the surface of the earth.

Question 24.
What happens to the air as we go higher in the troposphere?
Answer:
As we go higher in the troposphere the air becomes rarer and cooler.

Question 25.
What is the ozone layer?
Answer:
In the lower part of the stratosphere, there is a layer of a gas called ozone.

Question 26.
How is ozone layer useful for the living things on earth?
Answer:
Ultraviolet rays coming from the sun are harmful for living things, but the ozone layer absorbs them and protects the living world from those rays.

Question 27.
In which region are elephants and lions found?
Answer:
Elephants and lions are found in regions of hot climate.

Question 28.
Where are kangaroos found?
Answer:
Kangaroos are found only in Australia.

Question 29.
Where are polar bears found?
Answer:
Polar bears are seen only in the snowbound polar regions.

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
As we go higher in the troposphere it becomes cooler.
Answer:
1. The surface of the earth gets heated due to the heat of the sun.
2. So, the air near the surface is the hottest.
3. Therefore as we go higher in the troposphere it becomes cooler.

Question 2.
All weather-related phenomena take place in the troposphere.
Answer:
1. Almost all water vapour in the atmosphere is present in the troposphere.
2. Therefore, all weather related phenomena take place in the troposphere.

Question 3.
Mountaineers carry oxygen in cylinders when they climb mountains that are more than 5000 m high.
Answer:
1. As we go higher from the surface of the earth, the air in the atmosphere becomes rarer.
2. Therefore, mountaineers carry oxygen in cylinders when they climb mountains that are more than 5000 m high to get sufficient supply of oxygen.

Answer briefly:

Question 1.
What is a glacier?
Answer:

1. In cold regions, when layers of snow pile up on the ground, they form ice.
2. When such layers of ice pileup in a low lying area, they become enormous in size.
3. This huge mass slips down a slope at a very slow speed.
4. This is called a glacier.

Question 2.
What is groundwater? How can we obtain it?
Answer:

1. There is a lot of water stored in the underground layers of rock.
2. It is called groundwater.
3. We can obtain it by means of dug wells and bore wells.
4. Many lakes and wells get water from underground springs.

Question 3.
Explain ‘troposphere’.
Answer:

1. The layer of air that extends from the earth’s surface to a height of about 13 km is called the troposphere.
2. The conditions in the troposphere change continuously. As this layer touches the surface of the earth, the living world gets greatly affected.
3. As we go higher in the troposphere, the air gets cooler and rarer.
4. Almost all the water vapour in the atmosphere is contained in the troposphere. That is why, all weather-related phenomena such as formation of clouds, rain, fog, winds and storms takes place in troposphere.

Question 4.
How do we get rain?
Answer:

1. As the water vapour is lighter than air, it rises high up into the atmosphere.
2. As it goes higher, it cools and condenses into fine droplets of water.
3. These droplets are so small and light that they float in the atmosphere forming clouds.
4. These small droplets join together and form bigger drops that are heavy.
5. These heavy drops of water cannot float, so they fall down on the earth in the form of ‘rain’.

Write a note about the following:

Question 4.
Stratosphere:
Answer:

1. Beyond the troposphere, up to a height of about 50 km from the earth is the layer called the stratosphere.
2. In the lower part of the stratosphere, there is a layer of gas called ozone.
3. Ultraviolet rays coming from the sun are harmful for living things.
4. But the ozone layer absorbs them and protects the living world from those rays.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
In which layer of the atmosphere do we see the rainbow?
Answer:
We see the rainbow in the troposphere.

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Where do you get water from?
Answer:
Rain

Question 2.
Where do we lay the foundation of buildings?
Answer:
Lithosphere

Question 3.
Which need is met through breathing?
Answer:
Breathing helps us to keep us alive. We take in oxygen from the air and give out carbon dioxide.

Question 4.
From where does the earth get light and heat?
Answer:
Sun

Question 5.
Make as long a list as you can of all the living things you see in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
Answer:

Glossary:

1. vast – immense
2. margins – the edge or border of something.
3. phenomena – situation or fact
4. snowbound – covered in snow
5. crust – the tough, outer part.
6. cascades – pour ownwards rapidly.
7. strait – a narrow passage of water connecting two seas
8. creek – a stream or minor tributary of water
9. brook – a C small stream.
10. float – move and honer on the surface of water
11. evaporation – process of liquid changing into a gas.
12. decomposing – decaying
13. accumulated – gathered together.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati पुनरावर्तन ३ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Sulabhbharati Solutions पुनरावर्तन ३

5th Standard Hindi Digest पुनरावर्तन ३ Textbook Questions and Answers

1. अनुस्वारवाले (-) शब्दों को सुनो, समझो और दोहराओ:

अङ्क-अंक, चञ्चल-चंचल, झण्डा-झंडा, सुन्दर-सुंदर, मुम्बई-मुंबई; टंकी, पंख, पतंग, कंघी, कंचा, पंछी, अंजीर, झंझावात, घंटी, कंठ, डंडा, पंढरपुर, संत, पंथ, बंदर, कंधा, पंप, गुंफन, कंबल, खंभा ।

2. रास्ते में घायल पक्षी को देखकर तुम्हारे मन में कौन-से भाव आते हैं? बताओ?

प्रश्न 1.
रास्ते में घायल पक्षी को देखकर तुम्हारे मन में कौन-से भाव आते हैं? बताओ?
उत्तर:
रास्ते में घायल पक्षी को देखकर मुझे उस पर दया आ जाती है। मैं उसे उठाकर उसका उपचार करती / करता हूँ, ताकि वह फिर से आकाश में उड़ सके।

3. पढ़ो, समझो और रेखांकित शब्दों पर चर्चा करो और दोनों अक्षरों से नए वाक्य बनाओ

प्रश्न (क)
मैं पाँचवी कक्षा में पढ़ रहा हूँ।
उत्तर:
‘मैं’ का उपयोग हम अपने लिए करते हैं। ‘में’ का उपयोग किसी ओर वस्तु के बारे में करते हैं।

प्रश्न (ख)
मृणाल ने पूछा “उदय! कहाँ गए थे?” उदय ने कहा, “मैं भोपाल गया था।”
उत्तर:
कहाँ – किसी जगह के बारे में पूछते हैं।
कहा – मतलब ‘बोला’ या ‘बताया’।
(अ) तुम कहाँ जा रहे हो?
(आ) राम ने कहा, ‘मैं बीमार हूँ।

प्रश्न (ग)
रौनक बिल्ली की ओर लपका और वह भाग गई।
उत्तर:
ओर – उस तरफ (की तरफ)
और – दो शब्दों अथवा दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने वाला शब्द
(अ) सीमा पाठशाला की ओर जा रही है।
(आ) सीता और गीता जुड़वा बहनें हैं।

प्रश्न (घ)
राजू खेल रहा है। उसके साथी बैठे हैं।
उत्तर:
है – केवल एक व्यक्ति के लिए लगता है।
हैं – बहुवचन या अनेक के लिए लगता है।
(अ) राम बाहर खड़ा है।
(आ) बच्चे खेल रहे हैं।

प्रश्न (ङ)
सोहन की बिल्ली इतनी प्यारी है कि सब उसे उठा लेते हैं।
उत्तर:
की – पहले शब्द की व्याख्या करता है।
कि – दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने का काम करता है।
(अ) राम की बहन सीता है।
(आ) पवन ने कहा कि मैं बीमार हूँ।

4. उचित शब्द बनाकर लिखो:

प्रश्न 1.
उचित शब्द बनाकर लिखो:

1. ख ओं
2. र पै
3. न का
4. ठ हों
5. ज ग का
6. ट ना घु
7. र द बं
8. त र भा
9. ई र पा चा
10. व ली दी पा
11. ला शा ठ पा
12. वा ल री फु

उत्तर:

1. आँख
2. पैर
3. कान
4. होंठ
5. कागज
6. घुटना
7. बंदर
8. भारत
9. चारपाई
10. दीपावली
11. पाठशाला
12. फुलवारी

5. वर्ण के अवयवों का उपयोग करते हुए अपने मन से चित्र बनाओ।

Hindi Sulabhbharati Class 5 Solutions पुनरावर्तन ३ Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
आपकी पाठशाला में मनाए गए किसी एक कार्यक्रम पर पाँच वाक्य लिखिए:
उत्तर:

1. हमारी पाठशाला में हिन्दी दिवस मनाया गया।
2. सभी बच्चों ने इसमें भाग लिया।
3. बच्चों ने भाषण, कविता, नाटक प्रस्तुत किए।
4. पहली कक्षा की एक छात्रा ने बहुत अच्छी कहानी सुनाई।
5. अंत में सभी को धन्यवाद दिया गया।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 10 Getting to Know India Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 10 Getting to Know India

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 10 Getting to Know India Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Correct the following statements and write the answer:

Question (a)
There are coffee plantations in Himachal Pradesh.
Answer:
There are coffee plantations in Kerala.

Question (b)
Konkan lies in the eastern part of India.
Answer:
Konkan lies in the western part of India.

Question (c)
Jaipur is the smallest state in India.
Answer:
Goa is the smallest state in India.

Question (d)
The Sabarmati river flows through Madhya Pradesh.
Answer:
The Sabarmati river flows through Gujarat.

Question (e)
The Sahyadri mountains are located in Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:
The Sahyadri mountains are located in Maharashtra.

2. Make a chart of the states and the rivers flowing through/in them.

Question 1.
Make a chart of the states and the rivers flowing through/in them.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 10 Getting to Know India Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
India’s …………………. border is defined by the lofty Himalaya ranges.
(a) eastern
(b) northern
(c) western
Answer:
(b) northern

Question 2.
…………………… is produced on a large scale in central India.
(a) jowar
(b) Wheat
(c) Rice
Answer:
(a) jowar

Question 3.
………………… is the largest state in India.
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Rajasthan
Answer:
(c) Rajasthan

Question 4.
Telangana state was formed in the year ……………. .
(a) 2013
(b) 2014
(c) 2015
Answer:
(b) 2014

Question 5.
We see several forts along the ………………… coast.
(a) Kerala
(b) Konkan
(c) Karnataka
Answer:
(b) Konkan

Question 6.
Our ……………………. comprises of various rivers, mountains, plateaus, plains, islands etc.
(a) country
(b) nation
(c) state
Answer:
(a) country

Question 7.
The expanse of our country is ………………….. .
(a) small
(b) miniature
(c) large
Answer:
languages

Question 8.
…………………… is a primary crop in the north.
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Jowar
Answer:
(b) Wheat

Question 9.
…………………… is a primary crop in the north.
(a) Rice
(b) Wheat
(c) Jowar
Answer:
(a) Rice

Question 10.
People of many ……………………. castes, tribes and religions live in our country.
(a) different
(b) similar
(c) difficult
Answer:
(a) different

Question 11.
Many different …………………… are spoken in our country.
(a) dress
(b) cuisine
(c) languages
Answer:
(c) languages

Question 12.
India is a democratic ……………………. .
(a) communist
(b) dictator
(c) republic
Answer:
(c) republic

Question 13.
The capital of India is …………………. .
(a) Agra
(b) Maharashtra
(c) New Delhi
Answer:
(c) New Delhi

Question 14.
…………………….. is the second largest state in India.
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Madhya Pradesh
Answer:
(c) Madhya Pradesh

Question 15.
…………………… is the third largest state in India.
(a) Tamil nadu
(b) Kerala
(c) Maharashtra
Answer:
(c) Maharashtra

Question 16.
…………………….. is the smallest state in India.
(a) Assam
(b) Goa
(c) Jammu
Answer:
(b) Goa

Match the following:

Question 1.
Match the following:

Answer:

Answer in one word:

Question 1.
Answer in one word:

1. A primary crop in the north.
2. A primary crop in the south.
3. Capital of India
4. Second longest state of India.

Answer:

1. Wheat
2. Rice
3. New Delhi
4. Madhya Pradesh.

Write in one sentence:

Question 1.
Which part of India is called the Indian peninsula?
Answer:
The Indian subcontinent is surrounded by water on three sides and tapers towards the south. This part is called the Indian peninsula.

Question 2.
How does natural diversity affect human beings?
Answer:
Natural diversity affect our lifestyle, customs, traditions and culture.

Question 3.
What diversity is found with regards to people in our country?
Answer:
People of different castes, tribes, religion and speaking different languages live in our country.

Question 4.
What does our country comprise of?
Answer:
Our country comprises of various rivers, mountains, plateau, plains, islands etc.

Question 5.
What covers our northern border?
Answer:
Our northern border is defined by the lofty Himalayan ranges.

Question 6.
What is the height of India’s land?
Answer:
The height above sea-level goes beyond 8000 metres.

Question 7.
Which is the primary crop grown in north India?
Answer:
Wheat is the primary crop grown in north India.

Question 8.
Which is the primary crop grown in south India?
Answer:
Rice is the primary crop grown in south India.

Question 9.
Which crop is grown on a large scale in central India?
Answer:
Jowar is grown on a large scale in central India.

Question 10.
What makes the islands in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal very important?
Answer:
These islands have strategic location from defence point of view.

Question 11.
What are sea forts?
Answer:
Sea forts are forts built on an island off the coast to safeguard* the coast.

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
In India, the weather conditions change from region to region.
Answer:
1. The expanse of our country is large.
2. The height above sea level varies and goes up even beyond 8000 metres.
3. Therefore, the weather conditions change from region to region.

Study the physical map of India carefully and answer the questions:

Question 1.
Find the mountains and name them.
Answer:
The Himalayas, The Sahyadris, The Satpuda, The Vindhya range, Aravalli range.

Question 2.
Name the hills shown on the map.
Answer:
Nallamala hills, Mahedragiri, Malaygiri.

Question 3.
Find and name the plateaus in the map.
Answer:
Deccan Plateau, Telangana, Chotta Nagpur Plateau, Karnataka Plateau, Malwa Plateau.

Question 4.
Which rivers originate in the Himalayas and join the Indus? Consider the height and write the direction of their flow.
Answer:
River Jhelum, River Ravi, River Chenab and River Satluj join River Indus. They flow to the south.

Question 5.
Write the names of the major rivers which flow into the Coromandel Coast.
Answer:
River Kaveri and River Krishna.

Question 6.
Study the course of the Ganga, Narmada, Vainganga, Godavari and Kaveri rivers. Note the slope of the land in each basin and write the direction of the slope.
Answer:
River Ganga flows eastwards, River Narmada flows westwards, Vinganga flows southwards, Godavari and Kaveri flow eastwards.

Question 7.
Find the lakes on the map and name them.
Answer:
Wular, Dal, Chilka, Kolleru, Lonar and Pulicat Lake.

Question 8.
Find and name the gulfs and the direction in which they are located with respect to India.
Answer:
Gulf of Kachchh and Gulf of Khambhat in Gujarat (west), Gulf of Mannar in the south.

Question 9.
Study the water bodies on the three sides of India. Find their names and write the direction in which they are located.
Answer:
Arabian sea to the west, Bay of Bengal to the east and Indian ocean to the south.

Question 10.
Find the Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Island groups and write the names of some of the islands.
Answer:
In the Lakshadweep lies Chettlon, Andron, Kalpeni, Tree island. In the Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie Car Nicobar, South Andaman, Coco Island, North Andaman and Middle Andaman.

Question 11.
Which river basin is located in the northern plain of India?
Answer:
To the North of India lies the river basin of Ganga.

Study the political map of India given below and answer the questions:

Question 1.
Find our State. Colour it with your favourite colour and write the name of its capital.
Answer:
Maharashtra (Capital is Mumbai) colour it in red.

Question 2.
Which is the northernmost State?
Answer:
Jammu and Kashmir

Question 3.
Which is the southernmost State?
Answer:
Tamil Nadu

Question 4.
Colour the States to the north-east in different colours. Write their names and the names of their capitals.
Answer:

Question 5.
Colour the largest State in yellow and circle its capital.
Answer:
Colour Rajasthan in yellow and circle its capital Jaipur.

Question 6.
What do the names in red letters show?
Answer:
Names in red letters show Union territories.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Which is the State next to us which was formed in 2014?
Answer:
Telangana State

Question 2.
How many States are there in India?
Answer:
29 states

Question 3.
In which State is the Great Indian Desert mainly located?
Answer:
Rajasthan

Answer the questions given below with the help of map.

Question 1.
From where will we obtain saffron? Trace the most convenient route.
Answer:
We obtain saffron from Jammu and Kashmir. (Route from Srinagar – Chandigarh – New Delhi – Gujarat – Maharashtra)

Question 2.
In which States is tea grown?
Answer:
West Bengal and Assam

Question 3.
Find the route taken to bring cloves into our State and trace it.
Answer:
Cloves can be brought from Kerala – Karnataka – Goa – Maharashtra

Question 4.
Find the States in which apples are grown. Circle their names.
Answer:
Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.

Question 5.
Find the route to deliver oranges from Nagpur to Bikaner and trace it.
Answer:
Nagpur – Madhya Pradesh – Bikaner

Question 6.
Find a route to deliver coffee and mangoes to West Bengal and trace it.
Answer:
Coffee from Kerala – Chennai – Andhra Pradesh – Odisha – West Bengal.
Mangoes from Maharashtra
Nagpur – Chattisgarh – Odisha – West Bengal.

Question 7.
How will you send onions from Maharashtra to Arunachal Pradesh?
Answer:
Nashik – Nagpur – Chhatisgarh – Odisha – West Bengal – Assam – Arunachal Pradesh.

What’s the solution?

Question 1.
Harsh and Tanishka live in Mumbai. They want to see the Andaman and Nicobar islands. First they are going to see their uncle in Chennai. After that, they will visit the islands. To make this trip, which of the routes on the map on page 49 will they have to take? Will you help them by tracing this route on the map?
Answer:
Harsh and Tanishka can travel to Andaman and Nicobar by seaways as shown in the map with black dotted lines or by airways shown with green dash line. They can reach Port Blair.

Glossary:

1. tapers – diminish or reduce in thickness at one end.
2. lofty – of imposing height.
3. Cuisine – style or method of cooking.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 9 Maps – Our Companions Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 9 Maps – Our Companions

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 9 Maps – Our Companions Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Make a list of the various landforms in your surroundings. Draw one of the landforms in your notebook using one of the methods of showing landforms.

2. In the following sentences, underline the words that represent landform and prepare signs or symbols for them.

Question (a)
Sonali lives just beyond Mount Takmak.
Answer:
Mount (Δ)

Question (b)
Nilesh has gone on a trip to Gharapuri Island.
Answer:
Island

3. Prepare signs and symbols for the following components:

Question 1.
Prepare signs and symbols for the following components:
House, hospital, factory, park, playground, road, hill, river.
Answer:

4. The given map shows height through the use of colours. However, one colour representation is wrong. Write which colour would be correct in its place.

Question 1.
The given map shows height through the use of colours. However, one colour representation is wrong. Write which colour would be correct in its place.
Answer:
In place of blue the colour for low elevation to be used should have been green.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
will you help them by writing the meanings of each sign and symbol?
Answer:

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 9 Maps – Our Companions Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
In ancient times, maps were mainly used for ……………… .
(a) weather forecast
(b) wars
(c) tourism
Answer:
(b) wars

Question 2.
The ………………. colour is used to indicate water bodies on a map.
(a) grey
(b) green
(c) blue
Answer:
(c) blue

Question 3.
The most modem method of indicating height on a map is …………….. method.
(a) contour line
(b) digital elevation
(c) layer tinting
Answer:
(b) digital elevation

Question 4.
The foremost mapmaking institute in India is ………………. .
(a) Survey of India
(b) Mapping of India
(c) Survey of Map
Answer:
(a) Survey of India

Question 5.
The Survey of India headquarters are in
(a) Shimla
(b) Dehradun
(c) Delhi
Answer:
(b) Dehradun

Question 6.
The Survey of India was established in
(a) 1867
(b) 1967
(c) 1767
Answer:
(c) 1767

Question 7.
The land in our environment is not of the same everywhere.
(a) length
(b) height
(c) breadth
Answer:
(b) height

Question 8.
The univemess of land gives rise to various land shapes creating different …………….. .
(a) land forms
(b) strategy
(c) maps
Answer:
(a) land forms

Question 9.
There are different ……………….. of showing land forms on a map.
(a) knowledge
(b) questions
(c) methods
Answer:
(c) methods

Question 10.
The ………………. and ………………. of land cannot be shown easily on a piece of paper.
(a) depth
(b) width
(c) height
Answer:
(a) depth & (c) height

Question 11.
The height of the land is measured from
(a) ground-level
(b) snow-line
(c) sea-level
Answer:
(c) sea-level

Question 12.
When there is less distance between the contour lines, the slope is ………………… .
(a) steep
(b) gentle
(c) level
Answer:
(a) steep

Question 13.
When the distance between the contour lines is great, the slope is
(a) steep
(b) gentle
(c) level
Answer:
(b) gentle

Question 14.
In layer tinting method, each colour indicates a specific ……………….. .
(a) weight
(b) depth
(c) height
Answer:
(c) height

Question 15.
In digital elevation method, the ………………… is obtained through man-made satellites.
(a) information
(b) technology
(c) height
Answer:
(a) information

Question 16.
Using computers, we can find the height of each point on a ……………………… map.
(a) plain
(b) digital
(c) military
Answer:
(b) digital

Question 17.
Standard signs and symbols are used to make the ………………….. easy to read.
(a) road
(b) board
(c) map
Answer:
(c) map

Question 18.
……………….. are miniature drawings of the respective objects.
(a) symbols
(b) signs
(c) maps
Answer:
(a) symbols

2. Match the following:

Question 1.
Match the following:

Answer:
1 – c, 2 – e, 3 – a, 4 – b, 5 – d

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What are different ways of showing elevation of land on a map?
Answer:
The different ways of showing elevation of land on a map are contour line method, layer tinting method and digital elevation method.

Question 2.
What are contour lines?
Answer:
Lines on a map joining places having same height are called contour lines.

Question 3.
How are digital elevation model prepared?
Answer:
Digital elevation model is prepared with the information obtained through manmade satellites and help of computers.

Question 4.
What are physical maps used for?
Answer:
Physical maps are used in military operations, tourism, drawing up mountaineering routes, in making regional development projects etc.

Question 5.
How are conventional signs drawn?
Answer:
Conventional signs are down in the form of letters or geometrical shapes, for example, lines, circle, triangle, dots etc.

Question 6.
How are conventional symbols drawn?
Answer:
Conventional symbols are miniature drawings of the respective objects for eg, temples, mosque, forts etc.

Question 7.
Name some land forms.
Answer:
Mountains, valleys, plateaus, plains and islands are different land forms.

Question 8.
How were maps used during ancient times?
Answer:
During ancient times, maps were mainly used in wars.

Question 9.
From where is the height of land measured?
Answer:
The height of land is measured from sea-level.

Question 10.
How does contour line method help?
Answer:
Contour line method helps us to understand the slope of the land and the height of different places.

Question 11.
In layer tinting method, what do colours indicates?
Answer:
In layer tinting method, each colour indicates a specific height.

Question 12.
Why are signs and symbols used in maps?
Answer:
Standard signs and symbols are used to make the map easy to read.

Question 13.
Which is the foremost map making institute in India?
Answer:
The ‘Survey of India’ is the foremost mapmaking institute in India.

Question 14.
What are the topographic maps made by ‘Survery of India’ known for all over the world?
Answer:
The topographic maps made by ‘Survey of India’ are known all over the world for their accuracy.

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
Standard signs and symbols are used to make the map easy to read.
Answer:

1. Many people make use of maps.
2. Maps show various components.
3. If these components are shown on different maps in different ways, it will be difficult to understand them.
4. Therefore, standard signs and symbols are used to make the map easy to read.

Answer in brief:

Question 1.
Explain – Layer tinting method.
Answer:

1. Layer tinting method is based on contour lines.
2. The space between the contour lines is filled with colour.
3. Each colour indicates a specific height.
4. For example, water bodies – blue colour, high elevated land yellow.

Question 2.
Write a note on the ‘Survey of India’.
Answer:

1. The ‘Survey of India’ is the foremost map-making institute in India.
2. It was established in 1767.
3. It makes a large number of topographic maps of the Indian subcontinent on various scales by conducting field surveys.
4. These maps are accurate maps.
5. Its headquarters are in Dehradun in Uttarakhand.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Join the dots that show places of the same height. What method of showing the landforms on a map have you used here?

Answer:
Contour line method.

Question 2.
A map made by the layer tinting method is given in another chapter. Find the map and write its caption in the blank box below:
Answer:

Can you tell?

Question 1.
In map A, how has the height of the land ban shown?
Answer:
Lines which are called contours.

Question 2.
Why have colours been used in map B?
Answer:
The colours between the contour lines shows the difference in the physical set up.

Question 3.
How is map C different from the other two maps?
Answer:
In map C we can directly observe the differences in the height of landforms.

Question 4.
In which direction is the highest point in map A, B, C?
Answer:
South East

Question 5.
In which map can the landforms be seen more clearly?
Answer:
Map B.

Question 6.
Can you tell?
Identify the following sign and symbols and write their names in the boxes.
Answer:

Glossary:

1. elevation – fact of raising or being raised
2. contour – an outline representing the shape of form
3. foremost – most prominent.
4. conventional – based on what is generals done or believed

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 3 भाई-भाई का प्रेम Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Sulabhbharati Solutions Chapter 3 भाई-भाई का प्रेम

5th Standard Hindi Digest Chapter 3 भाई-भाई का प्रेम Textbook Questions and Answers

1. पढ़ो और समझो:

प्रश्न 1.
पढ़ो और समझो:
1. सप्रेम – प्रेम – प्रेमभरा।
2. प्रतिदिन – दिन – दैनिक ।
3. विज्ञान – ज्ञान – ज्ञानी ।
4. अदृश्य – दृश्य – दृश्यमान ।

Hindi Sulabhbharati Class 5 Solutions Chapter 3 भाई-भाई का प्रेम Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:

प्रश्न 1.
आप अपने छोटे भाई-बहन की सहायता कैसे करते हैं?
उत्तर:
हम अपने छोटे भाई-बहन के साथ खेलते, खाना खाते एवं – पढ़ाई में उनकी मदद करते हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
क्या आप अपने दोस्तों के साथ नाश्ता बाँट कर खाते हैं?
उत्तर:
हाँ।

प्रश्न 3.
अनाज खेत से काटकर कहाँ रखा जाता है?
उत्तर:
अनाज खेत से काटकर खलिहान में रखा जाता है।

प्रश्न 4.
फसल किसे कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
खेत में लगे अनाज के पौधों को फसल कहा जाता है।

प्रश्न 5.
गाँव के लोगों का व्यवसाय क्या होता है?
उत्तर:
गाँव के लोगों का व्यवसाय खेती होता है।

प्रश्न 6.
क्या दोनों भाई एक साथ रहते थे?
उत्तर:
नहीं, उनके घर अलग-अलग थे।

प्रश्न 7.
अलग-अलग रहने के बावजूद दोनों भाइयों का व्यवहार कैसा था?
उत्तर:
अलग-अलग रहने के बावजूद दोनों भाइयों में बड़ा प्रेम था।

प्रश्न 8.
एक – दूसरे की मदद करने से क्या मिलता है?
उत्तर:
एक-दूसरे की मदद करने से बड़ा सुख और आनंद मिलता है।

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर एक वाक्य में लिखिए:

प्रश्न 1.
गाँव का नाम क्या था?
उत्तर:
गाँव का नाम मनोहरपुर था।

प्रश्न 2.
मनोहरपुर गाँव कैसा था?
उत्तर:
मनोहरपुर गाँव सुंदर था।

प्रश्न 3.
मनोहरपुर गाँव की मिट्टी कैसी थी?
उत्तर:
मनोहरपुर गाँव की मिट्टी उपजाऊ थी।

प्रश्न 4.
यह कहानी किसकी है?
उत्तर:
यह कहानी दो भाइयों की है।

प्रश्न 5.
किसकी शादी नहीं हुई?
उत्तर:
छोटे भाई की शादी नहीं हुई।

प्रश्न 6.
बड़े भाई के कितने बच्चे थे?
उत्तर:
बड़े भाई के दो बच्चे थे।

प्रश्न 7.
दोनों भाई हमेशा क्या सोचते थे?
उत्तर:
दोनों भाई हमेशा एक-दूसरे की भलाई की बात सोचते थे।

प्रश्न 8.
खलिहान में किसके ढेर लगे थे?
उत्तर:
खलिहान में अनाज के ढेर लगे थे।

प्रश्न 9.
बड़े भाई ने छोटे भाई की सहायता करने का निर्णय क्यों लिया?
उत्तर:
बड़े भाई को लगा कि छोटे भाई की अभी शादी नहीं हुई है और उसे सारा काम अकेले सँभालना पड़ता है।

प्रश्न 10.
दोनों भाइयों ने एक-दूसरे की किस प्रकार मदद करने का निश्चय किया?
उत्तर:
दोनों भाइयों ने एक-दूसरे को दस गठरी अनाज देने का निश्चय किया।

प्रश्न 11.
अनाज के ढेर में से बड़े भाई ने कितना अनाज बाँधा?
उत्तर:
अनाज के ढेर में से बड़े भाई ने दस गठरी अनाज बाँधा।

3. रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए

प्रश्न 3.
रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति कीजिए:

1. गाँव के अधिकांश लोग …………. किया करते थे।
2. दोनों भाइयों में बड़ा ………….. था।
3. अंधेरी रात में दोनों भाई एक-दूसरे से ………… गए।
4. दोनों भाई रोते – रोते हुए एक-दूसरे के लग गए।

उत्तर:

1. खेती
2. प्रेम
3. टकरा
4. गले

किसने किससे कहा:

प्रश्न 1.
“तुम्हारी मदद करनेवाला कोई नहीं है।”
उत्तर:
बड़े भाई ने छोटे भाई से कहा।

प्रश्न 2.
“आप बाल-बच्चे वाले हैं।”
उत्तर:
छोटे भाई ने बड़े भाई से कहा।

प्रश्न 3.
“मेरे दो बच्चे हैं।”
उत्तर:
बड़े भाई ने अपने आप से कहा।

प्रश्न 4.
“मैं तो अकेला हूँ, जितना चाहे उतना काम कर सकता हूँ।”
उत्तर:
छोटे भाई ने अपने आप से कहा।

प्रश्न 5.
“आपको अधिक मात्रा में अनाज की आवश्यकता होती है।”
उत्तर:
छोटे भाई ने बड़े भाई से कहा।

निम्नलिखित वाक्य पढ़कर सही विकल्प चुनकर लिखो:

प्रश्न 1.
गाँव के अधिकांश लोग खेती किया करते थे।
(अ) गाँव के अधिकतर लोग किसान थे।
(ब) गाँव की मिट्टी बहुत उपजाऊ थी।
उत्तर:
गाँव की मिट्टी बहुत उपजाऊ थी।

प्रश्न 2.
खलिहान में सबके अनाज के ढेर लगे थे।
(अ) कटाई हो चुकी थी।
(ब) किसानों के पास अनाज रखने की जगह नहीं थी।
उत्तर:
कटाई हो चुकी थी।

प्रश्न 3.
छोटा भाई बड़े भाई की सहायता करना चाहता था।
(अ) बड़ा भाई बूढ़ा हो गया था।
(ब) बड़े भैया बाल-बच्चेवाले हैं।
उत्तर:
बड़े भैया बाल-बच्चेवाले हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
दोनों भाइयों ने कितने गठरी अनाज बाँधा?
(अ) पाँच गठरी
(ब) दस गठरी
उत्तर:
दस गठरी

प्रश्न 5.
बड़ा भाई छोटे भाई की सहायता करना चाहता था, क्योंकि
(अ) छोटे भाई को सारा काम अकेले सँभालना पड़ता था।
(ब) छोटा भाई कुछ काम नहीं करता था।
उत्तर:
छोटे भाई को सारा काम अकेले सँभालना पड़ता था।

प्रश्न 6.
दोनों भाई किस तरह एक-दूसरे के अनाज के ढेर की ओर बढ़े?
(अ) धीरे-धीरे
(ब) जल्दी-जल्दी
उत्तर:
धीरे-धीरे

प्रश्न 7.
दोनों भाइयों ने एक-दूसरे को कैसे गले लगाया?
(अ) हँसते हुए
(ब) रोते हुए
उत्तर:
रोते हुए

प्रश्न 8.
दोनों भाइयों की प्रेम कहानी लोग कैसे सुनाते हैं?
(अ) भाव विभोर होकर
(ब) गा – गाकर
उत्तर:
भाव विभोर होकर

व्याकरण:

उपसर्ग: शब्द से पहले जुड़कर उन शब्दों के अर्थ में परिवर्तन लाते हैं।
प्रत्ययः शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर उन शब्दों के अर्थ में परिवर्तन लाते हैं।

प्रश्न 1.
समान अर्थवाले शब्द लिखिए:

1. गाँव
2. सुंदर
3. प्रेम
4. घर
5. बच्चा
6. आँख
7. हमेशा
8. शादी
9. फायदा
10. अचानक
11. मदद

उत्तरः

1. ग्राम
2. खूबसूरत
3. प्यार
4. गृह
5. बालक
6. नेत्र
7. हरदम
8. विवाह
9. नफा
10. एकाएक
11. सहायता

प्रश्न 7.
विपरीत अर्थ वाले शब्द लिखिए:

1. सुंदर
2. दिन
3. छोटा
4. जवान
5. फायदा
6. अँधेरा
7. अधिक
8. रोना

उत्तर:

1. कुरूप
2. रात
3. बड़ा
4. बूढ़ा
5. नुकसान
6. उजाला
7. कम
8. हँसना

प्रश्न 8.
कहानी में आए प्रत्यय लगे शब्द ढूँढकर लिखिए:

1. खेत
2. कटना
3. गृहस्थ
4. आवश्यक

उत्तर:

1. खेती
2. कटाई
3. गृहस्थी
4. आवश्यकता

प्रश्न 9.
पाठ में आए योजक चिह्न (Hyphen) वाले शब्द लिखिए:
उत्तर:

1. अलग – अलग
2. लेटे – लेटे
3. कुछ -न -कुछ
4. बाल – बच्चेवाले
5. धीरे – धीरे
6. एक – दूसरे
7. कहते – सुनते
8. सुनते – सुनाते

प्रश्न 10.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों में उपसर्ग लगाइए:

1. प्रेम
2. दिन
3. ज्ञान
4. दृश्य
5. पढ़
6. डर
7. पूर
8. खबरी
9. खुश
10. वारिस

उत्तर:

1. सप्रेम
2. प्रतिदिन
3. विज्ञान
4. अदृश्य
5. अनपढ़
6. निडर
7. भरपूर
8. खुशखबरी
9. नाखुश
10. लावारिस

प्रश्न 11.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों में प्रत्यय लगाइए:

1. भला
2. उपज
3. मीठा
4. कटा
5. बल
6. मेल
7. चट
8. रेत
9. पाँच
10. चाँद

उत्तर:

1. भलाई
2. उपजाऊ
3. मिठाई
4. कटाई
5. बलवान
6. मेला
7. चटनी
8. रेतीला
9. पाँचवाँ
10. चाँदनी

प्रश्न 12.
प्रत्यय लगाकर नए शब्द बनाइए:
शब्द + प्रत्यय

1. भला + ई = भलाई
2. सोच + ना = सोचना
3. गृहस्थ + ई = गृहस्थी
4. शेर + नी = शेरनी
5. मोर + नी = मोरनी
6. टोकरा + ई = टोकरी
7. बैंगन + ई = बैंगनी

उत्तर:

1. भलाई
2. सोचना
3. गृहस्थी
4. शेरनी
5. मोरनी
6. टोकरी
7. बैंगनी

भाई-भाई का प्रेम Summary in Hindi

कहानी का सारांश:

प्रस्तुत पाठ दो भाइयों के आपसी प्रेम की कहानी है। इसी प्रेम के कारण वे एक-दूसरे की मदद करना चाहते हैं। उन्हें एक-दूसरे की मदद करने में बड़ा सुख मिलता है। जब हम दूसरे की मदद करते हैं, तब हमें बड़ी खुशी मिलती है। हमें हमेशा दूसरों की मदद करनी चाहिए। दूसरों को कुछ देने में जो खुशी मिलती है, उसे बताया नहीं जा सकता है। दोनों भाई एक-दूसरे को बिना जताए, सहायता करना चाहते हैं, लेकिन पकड़े जाते हैं और एक-दूसरे के गले लग जाते हैं।

शब्दार्थ:

1. उपजाऊ – कृषि के लिए उपयुक्त (fertile)
2. अधिकांश – ज्यादातर (extensively)
3. भलाई – नेकी, अच्छाई (betterment)
4. कटाई – फसल को काटना (cutting)
5. फसल – खेत में लगे अनाज के पौधे (crop)
6. गृहस्थी – घर-बार (household)
7. खलिहान – कटी हुई फसल रखने का स्थान (barn)
8. गठरी – कपड़े में बँधा हुआ सामान (bundle)
9. ढेर – इकट्ठा किया गया, जमाव (heap)
10. वातावरण – परिस्थिति (environment)
11. अचानक – एकाएक (suddenly)
12. भाव-विभोर – प्रेम से (overwelmed)
13. किसान – (farmer)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 6 जुड़े हम Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Sulabhbharati Solutions Chapter 6 जुड़े हम

5th Standard Hindi Digest Chapter 6 जुड़े हम Textbook Questions and Answers

1. पढो:

2. मुखर वाचन करो और अनुलेखन करो:
सोआ, मेथी, पालक, चौलाई; हरी सब्जियाँ मन को भाएँ ।
बैंगन, कुम्हड़ा, लहसुन, प्याज; गाजर, मूली बहुत लुभाएँ ।
ककड़ी, मटर, आलू लाओ; लाल टमाटर को मित्र बनाओ।
चुकंदर, भुटा, कद्दू खाओ; हर बीमारी को दर भगाओ ।।

3. मौन वाचन करो और आपस में श्रुतलेखन करो:

1. सेवा डॉक्टर का कर्तव्य है ।
2. पौधे लगाओ, प्रदूषण हटाओ ।
3. राष्ट्रीय संपदा, स्वच्छ रखें सर्वदा ।
4. मक्खी, मच्छर भगाओ, रोग मिटाओ।
5. रक्तदान-जीवनदान, नेत्रदान-श्रेष्ठ दान ।
6. विश्वास रखो, अंधविश्वास नहीं ।
7. बेईमानी ठुकराओ, ईमानदारी अपनाओ ।
8. इंद्रधनुष के रंगों की तरह मिलकर रहो।

Hindi Sulabhbharati Class 5 Solutions Chapter 6 जुड़े हम Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
शब्द चुनकर खाली जगह भरिए:
(मुक्का, सिद्धू, युद्ध, लड्डू, गुच्छा, धक्का, दिल्ली, प्यास, डिब्बे, पत्ता, बच्चा, पुष्पों)

1. भगवान पर …………. की माला चढ़ाते हैं।
2. वहाँ एक ……………. खड़ा है।
3. पेड़ से …………… गिरा।
4. …………… में क्या है।
5. मुझे ……………. लगी है।
6. मुझे ……………. जाना है।
7. उसने मुझे ……………. दिया।
8. वहाँ चाबियों का …………… है।
9. मुझे …………… पसंद है।
10. राजा …………… में जीत गया।
11. …………… बहुत हँसता है।
12. उसने मुझे ……………. मारा।

उत्तर:

1. पुष्पों
2. बच्चा
3. पत्ता
4. डिब्बे
5. प्यास
6. दिल्ली
7. धक्का
8. गुच्छा
9. लड्डू
10. युद्ध
11. सिद्धू
12. मुक्का

प्रश्न 2.
‘र’ के विभिन्न रूपों से खाली जगह भरिए:

1. …………. कपड़े सिलता है।
2. ………….. पूर्व से निकलता है।
3. तुम …………… हो।
4. तुम्हें ………….. आनी चाहिए।
5. …………..में सप्त रंग होते हैं।
6. ………….. रात में निकलता है।
7. मेरी ……………. सुंदर है।
8. मेरा नाम …………….. है।
9. मैंने …………… में सफर किया है।
10. उस …………… में कौन था?
11. उस बस का …………… अच्छा है।
12. रीमा की ………….. सुंदर है।

उत्तर:

1. दर्जी
2. सूर्य
3. मूर्ख
4. शर्म
5. इंद्रधनुष
6. चंद्रमा
7. फ्रॉक
8. प्रकाश
9. मेट्रो रेल
10. ट्रक
11. ड्राइवर
12. ड्रेस

प्रश्न 3.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों को हलंत लगाकर लिखिए:

1. गिदध
2. सिदध
3. बुदध
4. बाहय
5. गददा
6. खटटा
7. दवार
8. गटठर
9. पटटा
10. प्रसिद्ध
11. मिटटी
12. चिटठी
13. तिलचटटा
14. चिहन
15. बुडढा

उत्तर:

1. गिद्ध
2. सिद्ध
3. बुद्ध
4. बाह्य
5. गद्दा
6. खट्टा
7. द्वार
8. गट्ठर
9. पट्टा
10. प्रसिद्ध
11. मिट्टी
12. चिट्ठी
13. तिलचट्टा
14. चिह्न
15. बुड्ढा

प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों को पाई (1) हटाकर लिखिए:

उत्तर:

1. गुच्छा
2. चप्पल
3. पुष्प
4. डिब्बा
5. पत्थर
6. बच्चा
7. ध्यान
8. न्यारा
9. पप्पू
10. उत्तम

प्रश्न 5.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों में से जुड़े शब्दों को छाँटकर लिखिए:
(स्वच्छ, समाज, दिल्ली, डिब्बा, रंग, श्याम, डॉक्टर, रोग, बच्चा)
उत्तर:

1. स्वच्छ
2. दिल्ली
3. डिब्बा
4. श्याम
5. डॉक्टर
6. बच्चा

प्रश्न 6.
(अग्रसर, चंद्रमा, ट्रक, मृग, राष्ट्रगीत, स्वर्ग, कृष्ण, गर्व, इंद्रधनुष, प्रेम, शर्म, कृपा, दृढ़, कर्तव्य, पृष्ठ, राष्ट्रीय, पर्व, मेट्रोरेल, महाराष्ट्र, मुद्रा) कोष्ठक के इन शब्दों को ‘र’ के अलग – अलग रूपों में लिखिए?
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 7.
निम्नलिखित शब्दों को हलंत चिह्न लगाकर पुन: लिखिए :
उदा. सिदध – सिद्ध
उत्तर:

1. गडढा – गड्ढा
2. वृदध – वृद्ध
3. गिदध – गिद्ध
4. लटटू – लटू
5. दवार – द्वार
6. विदवान – विद्वान
7. गुडडी – गुड्डी
8. मिटटी – मिट्टी
9. खटटा – खट्टा
10. मिटठू – मिठू
11. चिटठी – चिट्ठी
12. छुटटी – छुट्टी

जुड़े हम Summary in Hindi

पाठ का परिचयः

प्रस्तुत पाठ में संयुक्ताक्षर की जानकारी दी गई है। हिन्दी के वर्गों को कभी-कभी उच्चारण की दृष्टि से आधा लिखा जाता है। इसके तीन नियम हैं –
1. जिन व्यंजनों में खड़ी पाई (standing line) होती है, उसे हटा दिया जाता है।
2. जिन व्यंजनों में गोलाकार लाइन होती है, उसे आधा कर दिया जाता है।
3. कुछ व्यंजनों में हलन्त लगाकर उन्हें आधा लिखा जाता है।

खड़ी पाई हटाकर बने हम

• हरे पत्तेवाली सब्जियों के नाम: मेथी, पालक, साग, सोया।
• ज़मीन के नीचे मिलनेवाली सब्ज़ियाँ: आलू, चुकंदर, शलजम, मूली, गाजर, प्याज, शकरकंद।
• पौधे की डाल पर मिलनेवाली सब्जियाँ: मटर, टमाटर, शिमला मिर्ची, बैंगन, ब्रॉकोली।
• बेल पर लगनेवाली सब्जियाँ: करेला, मिर्ची, ककड़ी, कद्दू, मटर।
• दैनिक उपयोग की वस्तुएँ: स्कूल बैग, पेन्सिल, रबर, किताबें, कॉपियाँ, पेस्ट, साबुन, ब्रश, साइकिल, खिलौने, बॉल

‘र’ के तीन विभिन्न रूप

सुविचार: अर्थात अच्छे विचार । ऐसे विचार, जो हमारी जिंदगी का हिस्सा हैं, जिनसे हमें सीख मिलती है।

1. सादा जीवन, उच्च विचार।
2. ‘सेवा’ डॉक्टर का कर्तव्य है।
3. मेरा भारत महान।
4. जैसी करनी, वैसी भरनी।
5. परोपकार ही जीवन है।
6. जैसा बोओगे, वैसा काटोगे।

इंद्रधनुष के रंगों के नाम:

लाल, नारंगी, पीला, हरा, आसमानी, नीला, बैंगनी Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Sanskrit Solutions Anand Chapter 10 काव्यशास्त्रविनोदः Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Sanskrit Anand Solutions Chapter 10 काव्यशास्त्रविनोदः

Sanskrit Anand Std 9 Digest Chapter 10 काव्यशास्त्रविनोदः Textbook Questions and Answers

भाषाभ्यास:

श्लोकः 1

1. एकवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
विपर्ययः कस्मिन् शब्दे दृश्यते ?
उत्तरम् :
विपर्ययः ‘साक्षराः’ इति पदे दृश्यते।

प्रश्न आ.
विपर्यय: कस्मिन् शब्दे न दृश्यते ?
उत्तरम् :
विपर्ययः ‘सरस’ इति पदे न दृश्यते।

प्रश्न इ.
मानवाः कीदृशाः भवेयुः?
उत्तरम् :
मानवा: साक्षराः भवेयुः।

प्रश्न ई.
मानवाः कीदृशाः न भवेयु:?
उत्तरम् :
मानवा: राक्षसाः न भवेयुः।

2. समानार्थकशब्द लिखत ।
राक्षसः, सरसः

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थकशब्द लिखत ।
राक्षसः, सरसः
उत्तरम् :

• राक्षस: – असुरः।
• सरस: – रसपूर्णः।

3. सन्धिविग्रहं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.
अ) विपरीतोऽपि = …………..
आ) विपरीताश्चेत् = प्रलोकः
उत्तरम् :
अ) विपरीतोऽपि – विपरीतः + अपि।
आ) विपरीताश्चेत् – विपरीताः + चेत्।

श्लोक: 2.

1. एकवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
वृक्षाग्रवासी कः?
उत्तरम् :
पक्षिराजः वृक्षाग्रवासी।नारिकेलं वृक्षाग्रवासी।

प्रश्न आ.
कः पक्षिराजः?
उत्तरम् :
गरुडः पक्षिराजः अस्ति ।

प्रश्न इ.
क: त्रिनेत्रधारी?
उत्तरम् :
शङ्करः त्रिनेत्रधारी। नारिकेलं त्रिनेत्रधारी।

प्रश्न ई.
कः शूलपाणिः ?
उत्तरम् :
शङ्करः शूलपाणिः।

प्रश्न उ.
क: जलं बिभर्ति ?
उत्तरम् :
घट: मेघः च जलं बिभर्तः। नारिकेलं जलं बिभर्ति।

प्रश्न ऊ.
कः त्वम्वस्त्रं धारयति ?
उत्तरम् :
सिद्धयोगी त्वम्वस्त्र धारयति। नारिकेलं त्वग्वस्वं धारयति।

2. शब्दसमूहस्य कृते एकं संक्षेपशब्द लिखत ।

प्रश्न 1.
अ) यः वृक्षस्य अग्रभागे निवसति – ……………
आ) पक्षिणां राजा – ……………
इ) यस्य त्रीणि नेत्राणि – …………..
ई) शूलं पाणौ यस्य सः – ……………
उ) यः त्वग्वस्त्रं धारयति – …………….
उत्तरम् :
अ) यः वृक्षस्य अग्रभागे निवसति – वृक्षाग्रवासी।
आ) पक्षिणां राजा – पक्षिराजः।
इ) यस्य त्रीणि नेत्राणि – त्रिनेत्रधारी।
ई) शूलं पाणौ यस्य सः – शूलपाणिः।
उ) य: त्वग्वस्त्रं धारयति . त्वग्वस्त्रधारी।

3. योग्यं पर्यायं चिनुत –

प्रश्न 1.
अ. पक्षिराजः वृक्षाग्रे (वसति/न वसति)।
आ. घटः त्रीणि नेत्राणि (धारयति/न धारयति)।
इ. शूलपाणिः जलं (बिभर्ति न बिभर्ति)।
ई. नारिकेलं त्वग्वस्त्रं (धारयति/न धारयति)।
उत्तरम् :
अ. पक्षिराज: वृक्षाग्रे वसति।
आ. घट: त्रीणि नेत्राणि न धारयति।
इ. शूलपाणि: जलं न बिभर्ति।
ई. नारिकेलं त्वग्वस्वं धारयति।

4. समानार्थकशब्दयुग्मं चिनुत लिखत च।
पक्षिराजः, शूलपाणिः, जलम्, मेघः, शङ्करः, वृक्षः, सिद्धयोगी, गरुडः, तरुः, तोयम्, जलदः, तपस्वी।

प्रश्न 1.
पक्षिराजः, शूलपाणिः, जलम्, मेघः, शङ्करः, वृक्षः, सिद्धयोगी, गरुडः, तरुः, तोयम्, जलदः, तपस्वी।
उत्तरम् :

• पक्षिराज: – गरुडः।
• शूलपाणिः – शङ्करः।
• जलम् – तोयम्।
• मेष: – जलदः।
• वृक्षः – तरुः।
• सिद्धयोगी – तपस्वी।

श्लोकः 3.

1. कः कं वदति? ‘पत्रं लिख।’

प्रश्न 1.
कः कं वदति? ‘पत्रं लिख।’
उत्तरम् :
पिता पुत्रं वदति।

2. एकवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
केन आज्ञा दत्ता?
उत्तरम् :
तातेन आज्ञा दत्ता।

प्रश्न आ.
केन आज्ञा न लजिता ।
उत्तरम् :
पुत्रेण आज्ञा न लङ्घिता।

प्रश्न इ.
पत्रं केन लिखितम् ?
उत्तरम् :
पुत्रेण पत्रं लिखितम्।

3. विशेषण-विशेष्य-अन्वितिं पूरयत ।

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तरम् :
1. कथितः
2. पत्रम्

4. सन्धिविग्रहं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.
ममाज्ञया, पितुराज्ञा
उत्तरम् :

• ममाज्ञया – मम + आज्ञया।
• पितुराज्ञा – पितुः + आज्ञा।

5. श्लोकात् ‘क्त’ प्रत्ययान्तरूपाणि (क.भू.धा.वि.)
चिनुत लिखत च।

प्रश्न 1.
श्लोकात् ‘क्त’ प्रत्ययान्तरूपाणि (क.भू.धा.वि.)
चिनुत लिखत च।
उत्तरम् :

1. कथितम्
2. लिखितम्
3. लक्षिता

श्लोकः 4.

1. क्रमानुसारं रचयत।

प्रश्न 1.
अ. त्रि-अक्षरयुक्ते शब्दे ‘य’ मध्ये तिष्ठति ।
आ. शब्दस्य आरम्भे ‘न’ विद्यते।
इ. शब्दस्य अन्ते अपि ‘न’ विद्यते।
उत्तरम् :
आ. शब्दस्य आरम्भे ‘न’ विद्यते,
अ. त्रि-अक्षरयुक्ते शब्दे ‘य’ मध्ये तिष्ठति।
इ. शब्दस्य अन्ते अपि ‘न’ विद्यते।

2. प्राप्तम् उत्तरम्  – [ ] [ ] [ ]

प्रश्न 1.
प्राप्तम् उत्तरम्  – [ ] [ ] [ ]

3. सन्धिं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.
अ. तस्य + आदिः (अ + आ) ………….
आ. तस्य + अन्तः (अ + अ) ………..
इ. तव + अपि (अ + अ) ………..
ई. अपि + अस्ति (इ + अ) ……….
उत्तरम् :
अ. तस्यादिर्न – तस्य + आदि: + न।
आ. तस्यान्तः – तस्य + अन्तः।
इ. तवाप्यस्ति – तव + अपि + अस्ति।
ई. ममाप्यस्ति – मम + अपि + अस्ति।

4. श्लोकात् षष्ठ्यन्तपदानि चिनुत लिखत च।

प्रश्न 1.
श्लोकात् षष्ठ्यन्तपदानि चिनुत लिखत च।

श्लोकः 5.

1. एकवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न अ.
कस्याः नद्याः वर्णनं सुभाषिते वर्तते?
उत्तरम् :
गङ्गानद्या: वर्णनं सुभषिते वर्तते।

प्रश्न आ.
शतचन्द्रं नभस्तलं कुत्र शोभते ?
उत्तरम् :
गढ़ानद्या: चञ्चलतरे वारिणि शतचन्द्रं नभस्तलं शोभते।

2. विशेषणैः जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत ।

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तरम् :

1. प्रतिबिम्बितम्
2. शतचन्द्रम्
3. तारकायुक्तम्

3. विशेषणं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
विशेषणं लिखत।
1. …………. वारिणि।
2. ……………नभस्तलम्।
उत्तरम् :
1. चञ्जलतरे वारिणि।
2. तारकायुक्तम् नभस्तलम्।

4. गङ्गा इति शब्दस्य अमरपङ्क्तिं लिखत।

प्रश्न 1.
गङ्गा इति शब्दस्य अमरपङ्क्तिं लिखत।
उत्तरम् :
गङ्गा – जाह्नवी, भागीरथी जहुतनया, विष्णुपदी।

Sanskrit Anand Class 9 Textbook Solutions Chapter 10 काव्यशास्त्रविनोदः Additional Important Questions and Answers

एकवाक्येन उत्तरत।

प्रश्न 1.
सरसत्वं कदा न मुञ्चति?
उत्तरम् :
‘सरस’ इति पदस्य अक्षराणां क्रम: विपरीतं क्रियते चेत् अपि तस्य सरसत्वं न मुञ्चति।

प्रश्न 2.
‘साक्षरा’ इति पदं विपरीतं क्रियते चेत् किं भवति?
उत्तरम् :
‘साक्षरा’ इति पदं विपरीतं क्रियते चेत् ‘राक्षसा’ इति भवति।

प्रश्न 3.
गङ्गायाः वारिणि किं शोभते?
उत्तरम् :
गङ्गायाः वारिणि तारकायुक्तं शतचन्द्रं नभस्तलं शोभते।

प्रश्न 4.
मृगाः किं खादन्ति?
उत्तरम् :
मृगाः तृणानि खादन्ति।

प्रश्न 5.
मीनाः कुत्र विहरन्ति?
उत्तरम् :
मीनाः जले विहरन्ति।

प्रश्न 6.
सज्जनानां का वृत्तिः?
उत्तरम् :
सन्तोषः इति सज्जनानां वत्तिः।

प्रश्न 7.
अस्याः प्रहेलिकाया: उत्तरं किम् ?
उत्तरम् :
‘नयन’ इति अस्याः प्रहेलिकायाः

प्रश्न 8.
पुत्रेण कस्य आज्ञा न लचिता?
उत्तरम् :
पुत्रेण पितु: आज्ञा न लड़िता।

प्रश्न 9.
कुरङ्गः किं न ईक्षते?
उत्तरम् :
कुरङ्गः धनिनां वक्त्रं न ईक्षते।

प्रश्न 10.
कुरङ्गः किं न शृणोति?
उत्तरम् :
कुरङ्ग: गर्ववचः न शृणोति।

प्रश्न 11.
कुरङ्गः किं खादति?
उत्तरम् :
कुरङ्गः बालतृणानि खादति।

प्रश्न 12.
कुरङ्गः किं न बूते?
उत्तरम् :
कुरङ्गः मृषा चाटून् न बूते।

लकारं लिखत।

• मुशति – मुच्-मुक् धातुः षष्ठगण: उभयपदम् अत्र परस्मैपदं लट्लकार : प्रथमपुरुष: एकवचनम्।
• ईक्षसे – ईक्ष् धातुः प्रथमगण; आत्मनेपदं लट्लकार: मध्यमपुरुषः एकवचनम्।
• खादसि – खाद् धातुः प्रथमगणः परस्मैपदं लट्लकार: मध्यमपुरुष: एकवचनम्।
• पे – दूधातुः द्वितीयगण: उभयपदम् अत्र आत्मनेपदं लट्लकार: मध्यमपुरुष: एकवचनम्।
• शृणोषि – शु धातुः पञ्चमगणः परस्मैपदं लट्लकार: मध्यमपुरुष: एकवचनम्।
• धावसि – धाव् धातुः प्रथमगणः परस्मैपदं लट्लकार: मध्यमपुरुषः एकवचनम्।
• शोभते – शुभ् धातुः प्रथमगण: आत्मनेपदं लट्लकार: प्रथमपुरुषः एकवचनम्
• तिष्ठति – ‘स्था-तिष्ठ्’ धातुः प्रथमगण: परस्मैपदं लट्लकार: प्रथमपुरुषः एकवचनम्।
• जानाति – ‘ज्ञा’ धातुः नवमगण: उभयपदम् अत्र परस्मैपदं लट्लकार: प्रथमपुरुष: एकवचनम्।
• लिख – लिख् धातुः षष्ठगणः परस्मैपद लोट्लकार: मध्यमपुरुष: एकवचनम्

विभक्त्यन्तपदानि।

• प्रथमा – वृक्षाप्रवासी, पक्षिराजः, त्रिनेत्रधारी, त्वग्वसधारी, सिद्धयोगी, घटः, मेघः, वैरिणः, पिशुनाः, तृणम्, जलम्, सन्तोषः, प्रतिबिम्बितम्, तारकायुक्तम्, शतचन्द्रम्, नभस्तलम्।
• द्वितीया – वक्त्रम्, चाटून, तान, बालतृणानि।
• तृतीया – आशया, भवता।
• षष्ठी – सज्जनानाम्, वृत्तीनाम्, धनिनाम्, एषाम्।
• सप्तमी – जगति, चञ्चलतरे, वारिणि।

प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत।

प्रश्न 1.

1. पितुः आज्ञा न लाविता।
2. पत्रं लिख।
3. बालतृणानि खादसि।
4. त्वं मृषा चाटून् न बूषे।
5. तारकायुक्तं शतचन्द्रं नभस्तलं शोभते।
6. गङ्गायाः वारिणि नभस्तलं प्रतिबिम्बितम्।

उत्तरम् :

1. कस्य आज्ञा न लविता?
2. किं लिख?
3. त्वं किं खादसि?
4. त्वं किं न बूषे?
5. कीदृशं नभस्तलं शोभते?
6. नभस्तलं कुत्र प्रतिबिम्बितम्?

पद्यांशं पठित्वा जालरेखाचित्रं पूरयत।

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तरम् :
1. राक्षसाः
2. सरस

प्रश्न 2.

उत्तरम् :

1. वक्षाग्रवासी
2. जलं बिभ्रन्
3. त्वग्वस्त्रधारी
4. त्रिनेत्रधारी

प्रश्न 3.

उत्तरम् :

1. प्रतिबिम्बितम्
2. शतचन्द्रम्
3. तारकायुक्तम्

समानार्थकशब्दं योजयित्वा वाक्यं पुनर्लिखत।

1. पुत्र – पत्रं लिख। तनय, पत्रं लिख।
2. नभस् – नभः शोभते। गगनं शोभते।
3. वैरिन – जगति वैरी निष्कारणम् अस्ति। जगति शत्रुः निष्कारणम् अस्ति।

व्याकरणम् :

शब्दानां पृथक्करणम्

काव्यशास्त्रविनोदः Summary in Marathi and English

प्रस्तावना :

काव्यशास्त्रविनोद म्हणजे काव्य आणि शास्त्र यांच्याद्वारे केलेले मनोरंजन.
हा शब्द –
‘काव्यशास्त्रविनोदेन कालो गच्छति धीमताम्।
व्यसनेन च मूर्खाणां निद्रया कलहेन वा।।’
या श्लोकात आला आहे. याचा अर्थ असा – बुद्धिमान लोक काव्य आणि शास्त्र यांद्वारे मनोरंजन करण्यात वेळ वापरतात. तर मूर्ख लोक व्यसन, झोप, भांडण यांत वेळ घालवतात. संस्कृत भाषा सुभाषितांनी नटलेली आहे. काही सुभाषिते इतकी चमत्कृतीपूर्ण असतात की ती समजण्यासाठी आपल्या बुद्धीला ताण द्यावा लागतो. ती सुभाषिते समजायला अवघड असली तरी मनोरंजकसुद्धा असतात.
टीप : – या पद्यातील श्लोक हे माध्यमभाषेत भाषांतरासाठी आहेत आणि त्यांचे स्पष्टीकरणसुद्धा अपेक्षित आहे.

काव्यशास्त्रविनोद means amusement derived from poetry and science. This phrase is a part of the shlok
‘काव्यशास्त्रविनोदेन कालो गच्छति धीमताम्।
व्यसनेन च मूर्खाणां निद्रया कलहेन वा।।’
This means wise people spend their time in deriving amusment through poetry and scriptures but foolish spend their time in addiction, sleep or quarrel. We know that Sanskrit abounds in subhashitas.

Some Subhashitas are so marvellous that understanding them requires us to tickle over brain cells. These are not only challenging but also amusing at times. Note:- These shlokas are for writing the meaning in medium of answer and explanation to them is also expected.

श्लोकः – 1

साक्षरा …………….. मुञ्चति ।।1।।
श्लोकः : साक्षरा विपरीताश्चेद् राक्षसा एव केवलम्।
सरसो विपरीतोऽपि सरसत्वं न मुञ्चति ।।1।।
स्पष्टीकरणम् : साक्षरा: इति पदं विपरीतक्रमेण पठितं चेत् ‘राक्षसाः’ इति भवति। परं ‘सरसः’ इति पदं यथानुक्रमं वा विपरीतक्रमेण पठितं चेत् ‘सरसः’ इत्येव भवति। अत्र कविकल्पना एवं कविकौशलं विभाति।

अनुवादः

‘साक्षर’ हा शब्द उलट केला तर ‘राक्षस’ असा होतो. पण ‘सरस’ हा शब्द उलट केला तरी तो त्याचा सरसपणा सोडत नाही.
स्पष्टीकरण – ‘साक्षर’ मनुष्य जर विपरीत असेल तर तो राक्षसाप्रमाणे वागतो. म्हणजे तो त्याच्या ज्ञानाचा विपरीत वापर करून विघातक कृत्य करतो. पण ‘सरस’ म्हणजे उत्तम प्रवृत्तीचा मनुष्य संवेदनशील असतो. त्याचे वर्तन सरळ अथवा विपरीत परिस्थितीमध्ये सुद्धा बदलणार नाही.

The word ‘साक्षराः’ (literate) if reversed, becomes ‘राक्षसा:’ that is demons. But the word ‘सरस’ which means sensitive or filled with emotion doesn’t leave its sensitivity though reversed.

Explanation – This is poetic imagination which itself is the creativity of the poet. The poet says those who have only bookish knowledge whom we refer to as ‘pothi pandits’ if he is rubbed the wrong way will become evil like demons. Just as intelligent man has created weapons using science which is the wrong usage of knowledge.

On the other hand, a connoisseur is sensitive and even in difficult conditions, he still remains happy, because the word Rasa means आनंद i.e happiness, Rasika is always happy and also makes others happy.

श्लोकः – 2

वृक्षाग्रवासी ………….. न मेघः।
श्लोकः : वृक्षानवासी न च पक्षिराज:
त्रिनेत्रधारी न च शूलपाणिः।
त्वग्वत्रधारी न च सिद्धयोगी
जलं च विभन्न घटोन मेघः।।

स्पष्टीकरणम् : सः वृक्षस्य अग्रे वसति किन्तु पक्षिराजः गरुडः न। तस्य त्रीणि नेत्राणि सन्ति किन्तु सः शूलपाणिः शङ्कर: न। सः वल्कलसदृशं वस्त्रं धारयति किन्तु स: सिद्धयोगी न। सः जलं धारयति किन्तु सः न घटः न च मेषः। अस्य उत्तरं वर्तते नारिकेलफलम्।

अनुवादः

तो वृक्षाच्या टोकावर राहतो पण पक्षीराज (गरुड) नाही. तीन डोळे आहेत पण शंकर नाही. वल्कले धारण करतो पण योगी नाही. पाणी धारण करतो पण घडा नाही व ढगही नाही.

स्पष्टीकरण – हे सुभाषित प्रहेलिका प्रकारातील आहे. प्रहेलिका म्हणजे कोडे. या कोड्याचे उत्तर आहे नारळ, नारळ झाडाच्या टोकावर असतो. त्याला तीन डोळे असतात, त्याला शेंडी असते आणि आत पाणी असते.

It lives on the top of the tree but is not the king of birds (garuda/eagle). It has three eyes but is not the one who holds the Trident (Shiva). It wears barkgarments but is not an accomplished ascetic (yogi), and it holds water but is neither a pot nor a cloud.

Explanation – This is a riddle or prahelika the answer to which is a coconut. A coconut grows on the top of the tree, it has three eyes below the tuft of coir on top, it has bark garments which is the coin and it has water in it.

श्लोकः – 3

तातेन ……………… लड़िता।।3।।
श्लोकः : तातेन कथितं पुत्र पत्रं लिख ममाज्ञया।
न तेन लिखित पत्रं पितुराज्ञा न लड्डिता ।।3।।
स्पष्टीकरणम् : तातेन कथितं, “हे पुत्र, मम आज्ञया पत्रं लिख।” तेन पुत्रेण पत्रं न लिखितम्। तथापि पितुः आशा न लकिता। अर्थसङ्गतिः न दृश्यते। यदि ‘न तेन’ इति एकपदं क्रियते ‘नतेन’ इति पदेन अर्थबोधः भवति। नतेन नाम नमस्वभावेन पुत्रेण पत्रं लिखितम्। अपि च पितुः आज्ञा न लविता।

अनुवादः

वडिलांनी मुलाला सांगितले ‘माझ्या आज्ञेने पत्र लिही!’ त्याने पत्र लिहिले नाही आणि वडिलांची आज्ञा मोडली नाही. स्पष्टीकरण – हा श्लोक ‘कूटश्लोक’ या सुभाषितप्रकाराचे उदाहरण आहे. ‘न तेन’ हा शब्द एकत्र ‘नतेन’ असा वाचला तर ‘त्या नम्र मुलाने’ असा अर्थ होतो. संस्कृत भाषेमधील विभक्तिप्रत्यय व शब्द चमत्कृती येथे दिसून येते.

The father said, “O son, write a letter by my order. He did not write the letter nor did he disobey the father’s order.
Explanation – In this shloka the word has to be read as one word ‘1’ which means ‘by the modest one.’ So, the son who was modest wrote the letter and therefore did not disobey the father’s order. This is an example of a कूटश्लोक.

श्लोकः – 4

न तस्यादिर्न ……………. स पण्डितः।
श्लोकः : न तस्यादिर्न तस्यान्त; यो मध्ये तस्य तिष्ठति।
तवाप्यस्ति ममाप्यस्ति यो जानाति स पण्डितः ।।4।।
स्पष्टीकरणम् : कूटप्रश्न: अयम्।
अस्य उत्तरम् – तस्य आदिः न , तस्य अन्त:न, तस्य मध्ये यः तिष्ठति (तत्) तव अपि अस्ति, मम अपि अस्ति।

अनुवादः

त्याच्या सुरुवातीला ‘न’, त्याच्या शेवटी ‘न’ वमध्ये ‘य’ आहे. तुझ्याकडेही आहे. माझ्याकडेही आहे. जो जाणतो तो पंडित आहे.
स्पष्टीकरण – हा सुभाषिताचा ‘कूटप्रश्न’ प्रकार आहे. ‘नयन’ हे त्याचे उत्तर आहे. कारण यात ‘न’ हे अक्षर सुरुवातीला आणि शेवटी येते तसेच ‘य’ हे अक्षर मध्ये येते.

It doesn’t have a beginning nor does it have an end and it stays in the middle. You too have it and I too have it, the one who knows this is a scholar. Explanation – This is an example of prahelika where the answer is ‘नयन’ means eye’. ‘न’ is at the beginning ‘न’ is at the end and ‘य’ is in the middle which is ‘नयन’.

श्लोक: – 5

गङ्गायाश्चञ्चलतरे ………………. नभस्तलम्।।6।।
श्लोकः : गङ्गायाश्चलतरे वारिणि प्रतिबिम्बितम्।
शोभते तारकायुक्तं शतचन्द्रं नभस्तलम् ।।6।।
स्पष्टीकरणम् । गङ्गायाशजलतरे वारिणि प्रतिबिम्बितम् तारकायुक्तं शतचन्द्र नभस्तलम् शोभते। शतचन्द्र नभस्तलम्। इति काचन समस्या वर्तते। आकाशे चन्द्राणां शतं कथं शक्यते? इत्येषा समस्या।
समस्यापूर्तिः- गङ्गानद्याः जलं कल्लोलयुक्त विद्यते। यदा गगने तारकाः चन्द्रमा: च विलसन्ति तदा चन्द्रमसः शतं प्रतिबिम्बानि गङ्गानद्याः जले दृश्यन्ते । तदा कवि: कल्पनां करोति, ‘नभः शतचन्द्रम्’ इव दृश्यते।

अनुवादः

गंगेच्या चंचल पाण्यामध्ये प्रतिबिंबित झालेले आकाश जणू काही चांदण्यांनी व शेकडो चंद्रांनी युक्त असल्याप्रमाणे शोभून दिसत आहे.
स्पष्टीकरण – ही समस्यापूर्ती आहे. ‘शतचन्द्रं नभस्तलम्’ ही समस्या म्हणजे कोडे आहे. त्याचे उत्तर कवी असे देतो, आकाशात तर शंभर चंद्र असणे शक्य नाही, पण गंगेच्या लाटांवर जेव्हा चांदण्या व चंद्राने भरलेल्या आकाशाचे प्रतिबिंब पडते तेव्हा एकाचवेळी पाण्यात असंख्य चंद्र असल्याचे (पडल्याचे) भासते.

Hundred moons look beautiful along with stars in the sky reflected in the trembling waters of the Ganga.

Explanation – This shloka is an example of समस्यापूर्त where the last part ‘शतचन्द्रं नभस्तलम्’ is given and poets have to compose a shloka to make it meaningful. Now, this is really not possible.

So, to justify this sentence, the poet very beautifully says that the reflection of the moon is seen in the shaking waters of Ganga and this appears as if there are hundreds of moons. The reflection of the moon in the sky with many stars when seen in the trembling river water makes one see hundred moons.

सन्धिविग्रहः

• घटोन – घट: + न।
• यो मध्ये – यः + मध्ये।
• गङ्गायाश्चञ्चलतरे – गङ्गायाः + चलतरे।
• नभस्तलम् – नभः + तलम्।
• मुहुरीक्षसे – मुहुः + ईक्षसे।
• तन्मे – तद् + मे।
• नैषाम् – न + एषाम्।
• यद्वक्त्रम् – यत् + वक्वम्।

समानार्थकशब्दाः

1. तपः – तपस्या।
2. दानव: – दैत्यः ।
3. धनी – धनिक्, श्रीमत्, बहुधनः ।
4. वच: – वाणी, भाषा।
5. वारि – जलम, तोयम, आपः।
6. तारका – नक्षत्रम्, तारा, ज्योतिः।
7. चन्द्रः – हिमांशुः, इन्दुः, विधुः, सुधांशुः, सोमः ।
8. तृणानि – शष्याणि।
9. संतोषः – तुष्टिः।
10. मीन: – मत्स्यः ।
11. पिशुन: – दुर्जनः।
12. लुब्धक: – व्याधः।
13. सज्जनः – सुजनः, सत्पुरुष।
14. वैरिणः – शत्रवः, रिपवः।
15. कुरङ्ग – मृगः, हरिणः, सारङ्गः।
16. पण्डितः – ज्ञानी, विद्वान्।
17. तातः – पिता, जनक:
18. पुत्रः – तनयः, सूनुः आत्मजः

विरुद्धार्थकशब्दाः

• चञ्चलम् × स्थिरम्।
• आदिः × अन्तः
• पण्डित: × मूढः।
• नतः × गर्विष्ठः, उध्दतः।
• विपरीत: × सरलः।
• सरस: × नीरसः।

शब्दार्थाः

1. विपरीत – reverse order – उलट क्रमाने
2. मुञ्चति – does not leave – सोडत नाही
3. सरसत्वम् – best qualities – रसिकता, रसाळपणा
4. साक्षरा: – literate – साक्षर
5. राक्षसा: – demons – दानव
6. चेत् – if – जर
7. वृक्षाग्रवासी – one who resides on top of the tree – वृक्षाच्या टोकावर राहणारा
8. पक्षिराज: – king of birds, eagle – पक्ष्यांचा राजा, गरुड
9. त्रिनेत्रधारी: – I having three eyes, Shiva – तीन डोळे असणारा, शंकर
10. सिद्धयोगी – ascetic – योगी
11. शूलपाणि: – the one who holds त्रिशूल in hand – त्रिशूलधारी (शंकर)
12. त्वग्वस्त्रम् – clothes of bark – वल्कल
13. घट: – pot – घडा
14. मेघः – cloud – ढग
15. बिभ्रत् – holds – धारण करणारा
16. तात: – father – वडील
17. आज्ञया – by order – आज्ञेवरून
18. पत्रम् – letter – पत्र
19. लहिता – crossed – मोडली
20. आदिः – beginning – सुरुवात
21. अन्त – end – शेवट
22. मध्ये – in the middle – मध्ये
23. जानाति – knows – जाणतो
24. पण्डित: – intelligent, scholar – हुशार
25. तिष्ठति – stands – राहते
26. मृगः – deer – हरीण
27. सज्जनः – good person – सज्जन
28. मीन: – fish – मासा
29. लुब्धकः – hunter – शिकारी
30. ग्धीवरः – fisherman – कोळी
31. पिशुन: – wicked – दुर्जन
32. निष्कारण – without reason – निष्कारण
33. जगति – in the world – ह्या जगात
34. वैरिणः – foes, enemies – शत्रु
35. चञ्चल – unsteady – चंचल, हलणारे
36. प्रतिबिम्बित – reflected – प्रतिबिंबित झालेले
37. तारकायुक्त – full of stars – चांदण्यानी युक्त
38. नभः – sky – आकाश