Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML – 5)

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML – 5) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML – 5)

SOP 1: Write a program using HTML with the following specifications.

  • The background colour should be green.
  • The text colour should be red.
  • The heading should be as large in size as ‘My First Web Page’.
  • Display a horizontal line after the heading.
  • Display your name in Bold, address in Italics, and standard as 11th.

Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>sop1</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=green text= red>
<h1> My First Web Page </h1>
<hr>
<b> Reliable Publications</b>
<br>
<i> Chira bazar,Charni road,Mumbai</i>
<br>
Standard 11th.
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5)

SOP 2: Create a web page with, following specifications.

  • Image of any scientist with an alternate text as his name.
  • Create a paragraph related to the information of that scientist.
  • Create a table of his/her inventions.

Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>sop2</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src=”Albert Einstein.jpg” alt=”Albert Einstein”>
<br>
<p>
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity,<br> one of the two pillars of modern physics.His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.
</p>
<table border=5 bordercolor=pink>
<tr>
<th> Sr no.</th>
<th> Invention </th>
<th> Year</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Quantum Theory of Light </td>
<td>1905</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Theory of Relativity</td>
<td>1907</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 2

SOP 3: Create a webpage with the following specifications.

  • Display heading ‘Application Form’ in the highest heading with center alignment.
  • Accept name, standard 11th or 12th with only one selection choice.
  • Submit the form.

Answer:
<! DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head> <title> sop3</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align=center> Application Form </h1>
<form>
Enter Name:<input type=text name=t1>
<br><br>
Standard:<br>
<input type=”radio” name=r1>11th<br>
<input type=”radio” name=r1>12th<br>
<br><br>
<input type=”submit” value=”Submit”>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 3

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5)

SOP 4: Write a program using HTML with the following specification.
A webpage with details about a class with a total number of students-100, (Boys – 50), Girls – 50 in tabular form.
e.g.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 4
Link this page to another page as follows.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 4.1
Demo.html
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>New Page 1</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<table border=”1” width=”69%” >
<tr bgcolor=pink>
<td>Number of Students</td>
<td>Boy</td>
<td>Girls</td>
</tr>
<tr bgcolor=”lightgreen”>
<td>100</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 4.2

Demo
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>the heading</title>
</head>
<BODY>
<header>
<center>
<table border=”1” align=center>
<tr align=center>
<td><a href=”sop4.html”>STD – XI</a>
<br>Stream – Science<br>
Div – A<br></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 2 Web Designing (HTML - 5) SOP 4.3

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 1 Daily Computing (Libre Office)

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Practicals Skill Set 1 Daily Computing (Libre Office) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 1 Daily Computing (Libre Office)

SOP 1: Create a Resume

  • The resume should contain the following :
  • Title at the center with applicable font and size.
  • It should contain points such as Name, Address, Mobile Number, Date of Birth, Nationality, Caste, Category, Hobbies, etc. Add some extra points.
  • For educational qualifications, a student should insert a table.
  • In the end, students should write a few lines about their aim.

Answer:
Step 1: Click on the LibreOffice Writer icon.

Step 2: Create a New File.
File Menu → New → Text Document

Step 3: Write Title at the center with applicable font size. (Resume).

Step 4: Type Name, Address, Mobile Number, Date of Birth, Nationality, Caste, Category, Hobbies, etc.

Step 5: Write Student educational qualifications (Insert Table).
Choose Table Menu → Insert Table → Select number of rows and columns → Insert.

Step 6: Write some lines about the aim, select the text and make it bold by clicking on the bold option from the formatting toolbar.

After Completing this practical students will learn how to create resumes using LibreOffice, also tab setting and table creation.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 1 Daily Computing (Libre Office)

SOP 2: By using Mail Merge send an invitation for your birthday party.

  • Use the mail merge feature.
  • Send an invitation to at least 5 friends.

Answer:
Choose Tools – Mail Merge Wizard.
Step 1: Select Start from a template, and click the Browse button. You see the New dialog.

Step 2: Select five friends Details in the left list, and then the Invitation letter in the right list.
Click OK to close the Templates dialog, and click Next in the wizard.

Step 3: Select Letter and click Next.

Step 4: On the next step of the wizard, click the Select Address List button to check that you are using the correct address list. If you want to use an address block, select an address block type, match the data fields if necessary, and click Next.

Step 5: Next follows the Create a salutation step. Deselect the Insert personalized salutation box. Under General salutation, select the salutation that you want on top of all letters.

Step 6: If you want to place mail merge fields anywhere else in the Invitation document select the corresponding column in your address data source and then drag and drop the column header into the invitation document where you would like the field to be. Be sure to select the entire column.

Step 7: Click Next and finally Finish creating the mail merge.

SOP 3: Create a mark list. The mark list should display:

  • Fields as Name, Math, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Total, Percentage.
  • Below each subject find out the lowest marks and highest marks.
  • Enter a minimum of 10 records.
  • Declare the first three ranker students.
  • Create a chart based on the above data.

Answer:
Step 1: Open LibreOffice Calc and add fields like Name, Math, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Total, Percentage.

Step 2: Enter 10 records in it.

Step 3: To Calculate Total
Click inside the cell where the total has to be calculated.
(Use =SUM(A2:D2) formula) – Type the range of cell.

Step 4: Now click inside the cell where the percentage has to be calculated.
Calculate Percentage using formula = E2* 100/400, drag the formula for remaining cells.

Step 5: Enter a minimum of 10 records. And calculate the result.

Step 6: Find out the Lowest Marks
Calculate Lowest marks using formula = min(A2:A11), drag formula for remaining cells.

Step 7: Find out the Highest Marks
Calculate Highest marks using formula =max(A2:A11), drag formula for remaining cells.

Step 8: Now Show the first three ranker students. Use Sort Option for sorting and auto filter.

Step 9: To find the first ranker use formula =large(F2:F11,1)

Step 10: To find the second ranker use formula =large(F2:F11,2)

Step 11: To find the third ranker use formula =large(F2:F11,3)

Step 12: To create a chart Select Complete Table → Click on Insert Menu → Click on Chart Option.
A window will appear, which starts with the chart wizard → Select Chart type.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Practicals Skill Set 1 Daily Computing (Libre Office)

SOP 4: Create an Informative presentation on your college.

  • The presentation should contain a minimum of 8 slides.
  • One slide should contain a chart.
  • One slide with an image.
  • Each slide should contain custom animation & slide transition effect.

Answer:
Step 1: Preparing an Eight slide for an Informative presentation of your college.
Press the Ctrl + N Keys. OR choose Slide → New Slide from Menu bar.
OR
Click on the New Slide icon on the Standard Toolbar.

Step 2: Specify the background image. OR background colour.
Now First Choose Slide Menu → Click on Insert Menu → Click on Image Submenu (inserting college Image with information )

Step 3: Click on Insert Menu → Click on Chart Option.

Step 4: Click on object presentation → from slide bar select Custom Animation each object → Choose category, effect, duration, direction, etc.

Step 5: Click on Press F5 function key for slide show
OR
Select slide menu → Start from the first Slide from the menu bar.
OR
Click on the start from the first slide Icon on the standard Conclusion: After Completing this practical students will be known how to create an informative presentation, custom animation & slide transition effect using Libre Office Impress.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

1. Complete the following web.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 1 Q1
Answer:

  1. Use the Internet for the knowledge base.
  2. Use the Internet to communicate messages.
  3. Respect the privacy of other users on the Internet.
  4. Download legitimate and authentic programs from the Internet.
  5. Use licensed software on your computer.
  6. Check to see if the web address begins with https:// whenever you sign in.
  7. Report and flag content that is abusive or illegal.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

2. Complete the following chart.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 2 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 2 Q1.1

3. Fill the following boxes with the appropriate cybercrime name.

Question 1.
Copyright violation of software created originally by an individual.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 3 Q1
Answer:
Software Piracy

Question 2.
Gaining access without the user’s permission.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 3 Q2
Answer:
Unauthorized Access

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

Question 3.
Extracting confidential information by email.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 3 Q3
Answer:
Phishing

4. Read the following and answer the question.

Rahul lost his pen drive in his college computer lab. His classmate Madhav finds it. He carries it home to return it to him the next day. When Madhav opens it he finds his favourite game. He thinks of making a duplicate copy of the game software.

Question I.
Does Madhav think ethically?
Answer:
No

Question II.
What do you think should Madhav do?
Answer:
Madhav should return back the pen drive. He has done unauthorized access.

Question III.
If he makes a duplicate copy then which cybercrime will he commit?
Answer:
Software Piracy

5. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
What care should be taken by the user while doing online activities?
Answer:

  1. Stick to copyright restrictions when downloading anything from the internet.
  2. Use strong passwords with combinations of numbers. Uppercase and lowercase letters and special characters.
  3. Always scan files before opening them.
  4. Don’t talk to strangers.
  5. Think before posting something on social media related to any sensitive topic like politics, religion, etc.
  6. Report to the service provider if the account is hacked; if possible deactivate your account.
  7. Whenever you sign in online check if the web address begins with https: //

Question 2.
Define the terms (1) Ethics (2) Moral
Answer:
Ethics:
Ethics also called moral philosophy is the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right or wrong.

Moral:
The standards of behaviour; principles of right and wrong behaviour. Thus morals are dictated by society, culture, or religion while ethics are chosen by the person himself which governs his life.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

Question 3.
Explain three examples related to unauthorized access?
Answer:

  1. Hacking financial/bank account-related information.
  2. Stealing organizational/intellectual information.
  3. Illegal monitoring of information owned by other users.
  4. Illegal use/break of login and password of other users.
  5. Causing intentional irritation to other users by means of damaging software and important information.

Question 4.
Explain software piracy and Hacking.
Answer:
Software piracy:
Software piracy is the illegal copying, distribution, or use of the software. It 15 such a profitable “business” that it has caught the attention of organized crime groups in a number of countries. According to the Business Software Alliance (BSA), about 36% of all software in current use is stolen.

Hacking:
Hacking refers to unauthorized intrusion into a computer or a network. Hacker is a person intensely interested in the deep and hidden or concealed working of any computer operating system and programming language. They might discover loopholes within systems and reasons for such loopholes.

6. State true or false.

Question 1.
A firewall is used to encrypt the transmission of data.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
The standards of behaviour; the principle of right or wrong are referred to as moral.
Answer:
True

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

Question 3.
Hacking bank account-related information is an example of software piracy.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Phishing is representing someone else’s work as own without permission.
Answer:
True

7. Match the following.

Question 1.

(A) (B)
(1) Copying a game file (a) Firewall
(2) Law related to internet (b) Cyberthreat
(3) Network security (c) Software piracy
(4) System crashes suddenly (d) Cyber Law

Answer:

(A) (B)
(1) Copying a game file (c) Software piracy
(2) Law related to internet (d) Cyber Law
(3) Network security (a) Firewall
(4) System crashes suddenly (b) Cyberthreat

8. Observe the following picture and give your opinion about it by responding to the following questions.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law 8 Q1

Question 1.
Is ‘B’s response correct or not?
Answer:
No B’s response is not correct.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 4 Cyber Law

Question 2.
What will be the consequences of ‘B’s reply?
Answer:
With all such crucial information like OTP in hand, the fraudster can easily carry out illegal financial transactions using B’s identity.

Question 3.
Which type of cybercrime does the picture depict?
Answer:
Fake Call Frauds

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

1. Answer the Following:

Question 1.
The data entry operator wants to insert.
1. Photograph
2. Write remarks about the photograph
3. Underline the heading.
He will use:
1. <Image>
2. <Text>
3. <TextArea>
4. <Img>
5. <UL>
6. <U>
Select the correct tags from the above and arrange them in the sequence.
Answer:
1. Photograph – <Img>
2. Write remarks about the photograph – <TextArea>
3. Underline the heading – <U>

Question 2.
Identify the logical operators in JavaScript.
1. OR
2. AND
3. ||
4. &
5. &&
6. ++
Answer:
| |, &&

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

2. Complete the following Activity:

Question 1.
State at least three attributes of <Input>
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q1.1

Question 2.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q2
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q2.1

Question 3.
Group the Following.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q3
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q3.1
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q3.2

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

Question 4.
Write operator names with symbols in boxes.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q4
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q4.1

Question 5.
Complete following program to display multiplication of 6.40 and 300.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title> Series </title></head>
<body>
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q5
</html>
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title> Series </title></head>
<body>
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 2 Q5.1
</html>

3. Find out errors if any in the following javascript code.

Question 1.
var length, breadth;
length=4.5;
breadth=6;
area=1/2*length*breadth;
document.write(“Area of triangle is”area);
Answer:
Concatenate Operator ‘+’ is missing
document. write(“Area of triangle is” [+] area);

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

4. Solve the following puzzles.

Question A.
Fill the blocks
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 4 Q1
1) Across
2. The tag is used to create a table row.
4. Tag to create a form

2) Down
1. The attribute is used to specify the path of a linked document.
3. The tag used to display horizontal ruled line
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 4 Q1.1
Across
2. <tr>
4. <form>
Down
1. href
3. <hr>

Question B.
Solve the puzzle by finding words with the help of the hint given below.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 4 Q2
1. Boolean value.
2. Keyword used in conditional if statement.
3. Built-In function in JavaScript
4. Function to check given value is number or not
5. Keyword used to declare a variable
6. Function used to evaluate given expression
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 4 Q2.1
1. False
2. if
3. confirm
4. nan
5. var
6. False

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

5. Trace the output of the following Html code.

Question 1.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Heading tags</title></head>
<body>
<h1 align=left>Information Technology</h1>
<hr>
<h2 align=center>XI Standard</h2>
<h3 align=right>Division</h3>
</body>
</html>
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 5 Q1

6. Discuss the following and answer the questions.

Question 1.
A Jr. web designer wants to design a webpage to enter the employee’s name, address. He needs a button to clear the form content and submit the data.
Write the different controls he will use to create the web page.
State the tags to be used for the controls.
Answer:
A Junior Web designer will use the following controls to design web as follows:
1. Text – to create a single-line textbox for employee name
2. Text or Textarea – If he wants to create a single-line address the text control is used otherwise to create a multiline address textarea is used.
3. Submit – It is used to submit form data to the server.
4. Reset – It is used to clear form data.

Tags used for the controls are-
1. Employee Name :<Input type-”text”>
2. Address :<Input type=”text”> or
Address: <textarea rows=”4” cols-”30”><textarea>
3. <Input type=”submit” value=”submit”>
4. <Input type-”reset” value=”reset”>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

Question 2.
A teacher has asked a student to create a web page to accept numbers and check whether it is between 50 to 100.
List the variable, operators to be used.
Specify the built-in function used and structure used.
Answer:
Program:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<script language =”Javascript”>
//To check whether the given no is between 50 to 100
var n;
n=prompt(“Enter any number”);
if(n<50 | | n>100)
{
alert(“it is less than 50, Please Re-Enter”);
}
else
{
alert(“it is greater than 50. Please Re-Enter”);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Variables used ‘n’
Operators used Not is equals | | less then < grater then > etc
Function is Prompt(), Alert() if then Else

7. Create web pages for the following.

Question 1.
Write a program using HTML to design your class Time Table.
Answer:
Program <!Doctype Html>
<html>
<head><title> Time Table of Class XI</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=yellow>
<h2>Time Table of Class XI</h2>
<table border=”2” bgcolor=skyblue>
<tr>
<th>Period No</th>
<th>Monday</th>
<th>Tuesday</th>
<th>Wednesday</th>
<th>Thursday</th>
<th>Friday</th>
<th>Saturday</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>IT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>IT</td>
<td>IT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan=”7”>”L U N C H_B R E A K”</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Organization of Commerce</td>
<td>Secretarial Practice</td>
<td>EVS</td>
<td>IT</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>Secretarial Practice</td>
<td>EVS</td>
<td>EVS</td>
<td>IT</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>English</td>
<tr>
<th colspan=”7”>”S H O R T_B R E A K”</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td>Organization of Commerce</td>
<td>Secretarial Practice</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td>Economics</td>
<td>Maths</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>Book Keeping</td>
<td>English</td>
<td>IT</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 7 Q1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

Question 2.
Write a program using HTML to create a form and submit it with personal data like name, address, and standard.
Answer:
Program:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title> Form</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=”#FF0100”>
<h1>Personal Data</h1><br><br><br>
Name :<input type=text name=t1><br><br>
Address:<Textarea> Address Here </textarea><p><br>
Class XI <input type=radio name=c1 value=xi>
Class XII <input type=radio name=c1 value=xii><br>
<input type=Submit name=b1 value=Submit>
<input type=reset name=b2 value=Reset>
</body>
</html>

Output:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 7 Q2

Question 3.
Write a javascript program to accept two numbers and perform the addition of two numbers by using the mouseover event.
Answer:
<html>
<head>
<title> JavaScript Program </title>
<script language = “JavaScript”>
function iload()
{
var c=0
a=parseInt(prompt(“Enter 1st no.”));
b=parseInt(prompt(“Enter 2nd no.”));
c=a+b
document.write(“Addition is”+c);
}
</script>
</head>
<body><center><br><br><br><br><br>
<a onMouseover=”iload();”>Addition</a></center>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 7 Q3
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 7 Q3.1

8. Complete the following.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 8 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 8 Q1.1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

9. Write HTML Code for the following table.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 9 Q1
Answer:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>Html Program </title>
</head>
<BODY>
<table border=”1”>
<tr bgcolor=pink>
<th>Place</th>
<th>State</td>
<th>Max <br>Temperature <br>in C</th>
</tr>
<tr align=center bgcolor=skyblue>
<td>Wardha</td>
<th rowspan=”2”>Maharashtra</th>
<td>47.5</td>
</tr>
<tr align=center bgcolor=skyblue>
<td>Akola</td><td>46.4</td>
</tr>
<tr align=center bgcolor=skyblue>
<td>Khajuraho</td>
<th rowspan=”2”>Madhya Pradesh</th>
<td>46.4</td>
</tr>
<tr align=center bgcolor=skyblue>
<td>Sagar</td><td>46.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing 9 Q1.1

10. Multiple choice one correct answer.

Question 1.
The default method of submitting form data is __________
(a) Post
(b) Get
(c) Submit
(d) Reset
Answer:
(b) Get

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Information Technology Solutions Chapter 3 Impressive Web Designing

Question 2.
In JavaScript the post increment operator is __________
(a) x++
(b) x–
(c) –x
(d) ++x
Answer:
(a) x++

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Solutions Chapter 2 Money

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Economics Solutions Chapter 2 Money Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Economics Solutions Chapter 2 Money

1. Complete the correlation:

Question 1.
Primary function of money : Medium of exchange : : ___________ : Transfer of value
Answer:
Secondary function of money

Question 2.
___________ : Basis of credit : : Secondary functions of money : Standard of deferred payments.
Answer:
Contingent function of money

Question 3.
Commodity money : Shells : : ___________ : Credit card
Answer:
Plastic money

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Solutions Chapter 2 Money

Question 4.
Divisibility : Smaller denomination : : ___________ : Easy to carry from one place to another.
Answer:
Portability

Question 5.
Barter system : Goods : : Modern economy : ___________
Answer:
Money

2. Give economic terms:

Question 1.
The act of exchanging goods for goods – ___________
Answer:
Barter System

Question 2.
Provision for making payments in future – ___________
Answer:
Deferred payment

Question 3.
System that makes use of currency for facilitating payments – ___________
Answer:
Digital system

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Solutions Chapter 2 Money

Question 4.
Credit instrument through which bank deposits are transferable – ___________
Answer:
Cheque/Demand Draft

Question 5.
Monetary value stored and transferred electronically by means of computer hard drive or servers – ___________
Answer:
E-money

Question 6.
Money not accounted for in the bank and not disclosed to the government – ___________
Answer:
Black money

3. Choose the correct option:

Question 1.
Arrange in order of evolution of money.
(a) Metallic money
(b) Animal money
(c) Metallic coins
(d) Commodity money
Options:
1) a, b, c, d
2) b, d, a, c
3) d, c, a, b
4) c, a, b, d
Answer:
2) b, d, a, c

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Solutions Chapter 2 Money

Question 2.
Arrange in order of Evolution of money.
(a) Plastic money
(b) Electronic money
(c) Paper money
(d) Credit money
Options:
1) b, d, a, c
2) a, b, c, d
3) d, c, b, a
4) c, d, a, b
Answer:
4) c, d, a, b

4. Identify and explain the concepts from the given illustrations:

Question 1.
Vasantsheth provides coal from his shop to farmers in exchange for foodgrains.
Answer:
Barter System.
The barter system refers to the exchange of goods against goods. In the above case, it is a barter exchange as Vasantsheth exchanges coal against food grains.

Question 2.
Babanrao deposits his money in a nationalized bank.
Answer:
Bank Money.
Bank money or credit money refers to cash deposits saved by people. It can be withdrawn or transferred or demanded by means of cheque, draft, etc. In the above case, it is bank money, because Mr. Babanrao deposits his cash into the bank as deposits.

Question 3.
Charu used her debit card to purchase a shirt for her younger brother.
Answer:
Plastic Money.
Plastic money is optional money in the form of Debit cards and Credit cards. In the above case, Charu purchases a shirt with a debit card. Hence, she is using a form of Plastic money.

Question 4.
Malathi purchased a house through an agent. The agent accepted the commission amount in cash but did not issue a receipt to her.
Answer:
Black money.
Money that is received in cash but not accounted for and on which tax is not paid to Government is called Black Money. In the above case, the agent did not issue a receipt to Malathi, hence it will be a case of Black money.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Solutions Chapter 2 Money

Question 5.
To prevent misuse/fraudulent use of the national currency, a note ban is imposed on its use at certain times.
Answer:
Demonetization.
Demonetization is a tool to control black money in a country. A note ban is a case of demonetization.

5. State with reasons whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Question 1.
There are no difficulties in the barter system.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement.
A barter system is a process of exchange under which people exchange goods and services produced by them with goods and services produced by others. With the progress of civilization, human wants to be multiplied and the barter system of exchange became obsolete. This was because of various inherent limitations. They are as follows:

  • Lack of double coincidence of wants: Barter exchange cannot take place unless there is a double coincidence of wants. Under Barter System wants may not always coincide.
  • Lack of common measure of value: In the Barter System, there was no common measuring unit of account, so it was difficult to calculate the value of goods to be exchanged.
  • The problem of storage: There was the problem of storage under Barter exchange because most of the commodities exchanged were agricultural in nature. Such as rice, wheat, etc. which were perishable.
  • The problem of divisibility: There was the problem of divisibility when it was a bulky commodity. E.g. exchange of rice and wheat with the horse was difficult.
  • The problem of making deferred payments: Future payment was not possible in the Barter exchange. Borrowing and lending were difficult.

Question 2.
There are many good qualities found in modern currency.
Answer:
Yes, I agree with the statement.
There are many good qualities found in a modern currency like:

  • General Acceptability: It must be generally accepted as a medium of exchange.
  • Stability: The purchasing power of money should be stable because money serves as a store of value.
  • Cognizability: It must be easily recognizable or identifiable. For E.g. Notes of different denominations must be of different sizes, colours, etc. so that they can be easily identified.
  • Durability: Money should be durable also i.e. its value should not fluctuate too much.
  • Divisibility: Money should be divisible into units of smaller denominations.
  • Portability: It should be easy to handle and carry from one place to another.
  • Homogeneity: Money of the same denomination should be identical in shape, size, colour, etc.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Solutions Chapter 2 Money

Question 3.
Many tasks are accomplished with money.
Answer:
Yes, I do agree with the statement.
Money performs a number of functions in today’s economy. They are as follows:

  • Medium of Exchange: It serves as a medium of exchange, i.e. any commodity can be purchased or sold for money.
  • The measure of Value: Money helps to compare the price of commodities in the modern economy, which was not possible during the Barter period. Value of commodity can be expressed in different currencies like Rupee in India, Dollar in the U.S.A., etc.
  • Standard of deferred payment: Deferred payment means making payment at a future date. This was not possible in a barter economy, because taking loans was easy, but its repayment was difficult as the loan was in form of grains, cattle, etc.
  • Store of value: Money made possible the habit of saving for the future. Saving was not possible during the barter economy as commodities started deteriorating after a certain period of time. But with the invention of money, now it can be saved for a longer period.
  • Transfer of value: Transfer of money from one person to another and from one place to another place, became possible due to the invention of money.
  • Contingent Functions: Besides the above functions of money, there are other functions of money, like
    • it helps to measure National Income.
    • it forms the basis of credit.
    • it imparts liquidity to wealth.
    • it helps to estimate macroeconomic variables.

Question 4.
Money can be sent anywhere through electronic means.
Answer:
Yes, I do agree with the statement.

  • With the invention of new technologies, like mobile phones, tablets, smart cards, computers, etc, money can be sent anywhere nationally or globally.
  • E-money is a monetary value that is stored and transferred as and when desired through various means.
  • It is the safest mode of transfer as it is backed and monitored by the Central Bank.
  • It is also called a digital wallet.
  • Hence, money can be sent anywhere through electronic means.

6. Answer the following questions on the basis of the following information:

Ganesh travelled to the mall by bus. He gave the conductor ₹ 10 coins for the ticket. He purchased many commodities from the mall. At the billing counter, he gave his credit card for payment but the billing clerk informed him that only debit cards were accepted. Since Ganesh had forgotten his debit card at home, he offered to make payment by cash.

Question 1.
Identify the types of money used in the information.
Answer:
Types of money used in the above information are:

  • Plastic money – Credit card and Debit card
  • Paper money
  • Token coin.

Question 2.
Explain any two of them.
Answer:
(a) Paper money: It is a substitute for metallic money. It consists of paper currency which is issued by the Central Bank of the country. Currency notes of higher denominations are issued by the Central Bank i.e. Reserve Bank of India.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Solutions Chapter 2 Money

(b) Bank money: It is also called Credit money. It refers to deposits that are in the form of cash saved by the people. Such money can be withdrawn or transferred with the help of instruments like cheques, drafts, etc.

Class 11 Economics Chapter 2 Money Intext Questions and Answers

Find out: [Textbook Page No. 11]

Recent changes introduced by the banks for the safe use of plastic money.
Answer:
Various changes and instructions are given by the banks for the safe use of plastic money:

  • Do not save the 16 digit card number using multiple payment gateways.
  • On the backside of the card, there is 3 digit number which is an added security feature that protects our card from making fraudulent transactions.
  • For safe usage, a One Time Password (OTP) is provided by the bank on a client’s personal registered number (mobile number) to use for each transaction.
  • Banks are instructed by RBI to move to chip and pin-based cards and avoid the use of magnetic stripe cards. The chip and pin-based cards create a unique token, every time the card is used. This provides a higher level of security than the magnetic strip.

You Should Know: [Textbook Page No. 11]

Explain the terms legal tender money and non-legal tender money.
Answer:
(i) Legal Tender Money: It is the money that is backed by law and refusal to accept this is punishable by law. It is issued by the Central Bank of the country.
E.g.: Currency note of any denominations like ₹ 5, ₹ 10, ₹ 50, ₹ 100, ₹ 200, ₹ 500, and ₹ 2000.

(ii) Non-Legal Tender Money: It is the money that is generally used by people in final payment but there is no legal compulsion to accept (i.e. no one can force to accept it). It is issued by commercial banks.
E.g. cheques, drafts, bill of exchange, etc.

Find out: [Textbook Page No. 11]

List the various modes of digital transactions.
Answer:
Various modes of digital transactions are Debit cards, Credit cards, Mobile wallets, Internet banking, Digital Payment App (Google pay, Paytm, etc), UPI (United Payments Interface), Mobile Banking, Bank prepaid card, etc.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary

1A. Choose the correct alternative and complete the following statements.

Question 1.
___________ is the first country to create independent judiciary. (India, United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union)
Answer:
United States

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary

Question 2.
The primary function of the judiciary is ___________ (making laws, executing laws, adjudication, make appointments)
Answer:
adjudication

1B. Identify the incorrect pair in every set, correct it and rewrite.

Question 1.
(a) Written Consitution – India
(b) Judicial Review – United Kingdom
(c) Independent Judiciary – United States
Answer:
(b) Judicial Review – USA

1C. State the appropriate concept for the given statement.

Question 1.
Petition regarding important public concerns.
Answer:
Public Interest Litigation (PIL)

Question 2.
The process of removal of judges.
Answer:
Impeachment

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary

Question 3.
Cases can be heard for the first time only in certain courts.
Answer:
Original Jurisdiction

2. Complete the concept map.

Question 1.
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary 2 Q1
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary 2 Q1.1

3. State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.

Question 1.
There is no need to approve the appointment of judges by the Senate in the United States.
Answer:
This statement is False.

  • The Judges of the Supreme Court of America and the courts subordinate to it are appointed by the President of the USA.
  • These appointments can be confirmed only after the Senate gives its approval.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary

Question 2.
In India judiciary is independent.
Answer:
This statement is True.

  • Provisions for judicial independence are provided in the Indian Constitution.
  • This includes provisions related to appointment, tenure, salary, and allowances, removal from office, etc., of judges so that the judiciary acts in a free and fair manner.

4. Explain the co-relation between the following.

Question 1.
Judiciary and Executive.
Answer:
The judiciary and executive are both organs of the government. The main function of the executive is the implementation of laws and policies while the functions of the judiciary include interpretation of law and adjudication. In India, judges are appointed by the President (nominal executive). Traditionally, these appointments were made after consulting with the existing government (ministry). However, to maintain judicial independence, the collegium of judges recommends names for appointment to the President.

There are many instances where the executive is a party to a dispute either as the plaintiff or as the defendant. Given the power of the Government, any legal dispute between it and one or more citizens is usually unequal. There is a possibility that the Government would use its powers to secure a favourable decision. This is where the independence of the Judiciary becomes important. An independent judiciary ensures that all those who appear before it is treated on an equal plane, and thus makes sure that decisions are in accordance with the law.

Question 2.
Supreme Court and High Court.
Answer:
India has a single integrated judicial system, with the Supreme Court at the apex and followed by the High Courts in the States. The Supreme Court controls all courts and tribunals in the territory of India. The High Court controls and supervises the functioning of the subordinate courts e.g., District Courts, in its territorial jurisdiction. The High Courts have Appellate jurisdiction, regarding decisions of the lower courts while Supreme Court can hear appeals in civil, criminal, and constitutional cases against decisions of the High Courts.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary

Supreme Court has original Jurisdiction such as in disputes about the election of the President or Vice¬President which are its exclusive jurisdiction. Both, Supreme Court and High Court have Writ Jurisdiction i.e., they can issue directives or writs such as Habeas Corpus in case of violation of a person’s fundamental rights. In case of appointment of judges of High Courts, the President also consults the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

5. Express your opinion of the following.

Question 1.
Judiciary must have a leading role in the appointment of judges.
Answer:
One of the main ways to secure judicial independence relates to the appointment of the judges. A judiciary that works under government favour, fear, or pressure i.e., a ‘committed judiciary’ can never give impartial, fair decisions especially when the government is a party in any dispute. The judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts are appointed by the President of India who is expected to be politically neutral.

However, according to the 42nd Amendment Act, the President acts on the aid and advice of the Union Ministry, Hence, executive interference in judicial appointments is a real possibility. Since the 1990s, the Supreme Court ruled that the Judiciary must play a leading role in its judicial appointments.

The Supreme Court set up a Collegium consisting of the Chief Justice of India and the four senior-most judges of the court which would recommend names to the President for appointment to the Supreme Court and the High Courts. The Government’s role in this process has now been minimized.

Question 2.
Judicial activism is significant today.
Answer:
Judiciary in India has started taking a wider view of its functions. For instance, the courts have allowed individuals to file petitions on matters of important public concern. Such cases are known as Public Interest Litigation (PILs). There have been instances where the courts of their own accord, without anyone complaining or filing a petition, have taken note of matters of public concern (Suo moto). This wider view taken by the Judiciary of its functions has been termed as ‘Judicial Activism’.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary

In recent years, Judicial Activism has led to the courts examining the legality of the decision of the executive over a wide variety of issues including the ones referred to above. Moreover, in many instances, they have also either issued orders on what should be done over many issues or have directed the executive to take action about the same in a specified time period.

There has been much debate over Judicial Activism. Some feel that the judiciary was compelled to intervene because the executive was not discharging its functions properly, while others believe that the courts are exceeding their powers by looking into matters which fall within the jurisdiction of the executive or legislative.

6. Answer the following in detail with reference to the given points.

Question 1.
Explain the process of Judicial Review?
(a) Meaning
(b) Need
(c) When and where it started
(d) Indian context
Answer:
(a) Meaning: Judicial Review means the power of the Judiciary to examine if any law passed by the legislature or any executive policy or action is consistent with the Constitution or not, and if it is not then to declare it as unconstitutional and hence null and void.

(b) Need: It becomes necessary to have an institution that would examine whether the laws are consistent with the Constitution or not. That institution should also have the power to declare any law found inconsistent with the Constitution to be invalid and therefore not to be implemented. This would prevent the Legislature from making laws that violate the Constitution. In democracies with written Constitutions, this power is vested in the Judiciary. The Judiciary is not involved in any way in the law-making process. It is an independent body. Hence it has been assigned this power.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 6 Role of the Judiciary

(c) When and where it started: The origins of the power of Judicial Review can be traced to a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States of America given in 1803 in a case known as the Marbury vs Madison case. This was for the first time that the American Supreme Court declared a law passed by the United States Congress to be invalid on the grounds that it was inconsistent with the Constitution of the United States. However, it must be noted that the American Constitution does not have an explicit provision that gives the Judiciary the power of Judicial Review. It is an implied power. To date, the American Supreme Court’s power of Judicial Review has been unchallenged. This is so because it is accepted that such a power is necessary to retain the supremacy of the Constitution.

(d) Indian Context: The Constitution of India does not explicitly provide the judiciary with the power of Judicial Review. However, like in the United States, these powers are implied. The Supreme Court of India has on many occasions declared laws passed by the Legislature as being inconsistent with the Constitution and therefore unconstitutional. In the Indian context, the real issue has been whether the amendments to the Constitution can be held unconstitutional. The issue was settled by the Supreme Court in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973). In its judgment, the Court stated that the Constitution of India had a ‘Basic Structure’. The Constitutional Amendments passed by the Parliament have to be consistent with this ‘Basic Structure’, and if they are found to be not, then the Supreme Court would declare them unconstitutional. The power to declare any Amendments as unconstitutional rests only with the Supreme Court.

Activity (Text Book Page No. 52)

Make a list of examples of Judicial Activism in India.
Answer:
Judicial Activism refers to the active role of the judiciary in upholding the rights of citizens and preserving constitutional provisions and the legal system of the country. The judiciary takes an active part wherever the legislature of executive fails to perform its duty, especially to dispense social justice.
Some areas of judicial activism include:

  • Reforming the BCCI even though it is a private body.
  • The Supreme Court insisting on a collegium of judges to suggest names for elevation as judges to the High/Supreme courts.
  • Protection of the ecosystem and environmental jurisprudence.
  • In regard to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984).
  • Conduct NEET exam all over the country.
  • The right to privacy is a part of a fundamental right.
  • Improving conditions of undertrials.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Constitutional Government

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Constitutional Government Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Constitutional Government

1A. Choose the correct alternative and complete the following statements.

Question 1.
Unwritten Constitution exists in _____________ (United Kingdom, India .South Africa, United States)
Answer:
United Kingdom

Question 2.
In a parliamentary system there is a _____________ of legislative and executive powers. (separation, coordination, merger, centralisation)
Answer:
merger

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Constitutional Government

Question 3.
The ten amendments to the American Constitution are collectively referred to as _____________ (Bills of Rights, Magna Carta, Basic Structure Doctrine, Fundamental Rights)
Answer:
Bill of Rights

1B. Identify the incorrect pair in every set, correct it and rewrite.

Question 1.
(a) Magna Carta – England
(b) Veto – United Kingdom
(c) Kesavananda Bharati Case – Basic structure doctrine
Answer:
(b) Veto – USA

1C. Find the odd word out in the given set.

Question 1.
England, Scotland, Wales, Republic of Ireland.
Answer:
The Republic of Ireland (not part of UK)

Question 2.
India, Australia, Canada, Argentina.
Answer:
Argentina (not a parliamentary system)

2. State whether the following statements are true or false with reasons.

Question 1.
Indian Federation can be described as a ‘quasi-federation’.
Answer:
This statement is True.

  • The Indian Constitution provides for dual set of governments i.e Union State governments. There is a distribution of powers on the basis of three lists viz. Union list, State list, and Concurrent list.
  • However, India has a federal structure with a powerful central government. The constitution framers felt that a strong Union government was needed to ensure the balanced development of the country.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Constitutional Government

Question 2.
The parliamentary system exists in the United States.
Answer:
This statement is False.

  • In a Parliamentary system, there is a merger of legislative and executive functioning. There are two executives, i.e., real and normal executives. This is noticed in India, United Kingdom, etc.
  • the United States follows the Presidential system based on separation of government powers. Here, there is only one executive i.e., President who is directly elected by citizens.

3. Explain the co-relation between the following.

Question 1.
Legislature and Executive in a parliamentary system.
Answer:
In a parliamentary system, there is a fusion of legislative and executive functions. The real executive i.e. the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers is drawn from the Legislature. There are no separate elections for the post of Prime Minister and other Ministers. The Prime Minister and the Ministers play a dual role i.e., they are part of both Legislature and Executive. Thus, they also attend Parliamentary sessions.

The leader of the party or group which commands a majority in the legislature is invited by the nominal executive (President) to form the government and assume the post of Prime Minister. The Ministry stays in power only as long as it enjoys majority support in Parliament. The lower house of the Parliament in England (House of Commons) and in India (Lok Sabha) can pass a vote of no-confidence against the Ministry which means that the Prime Minister and his/her Council of Ministers must resign. This is due to parliamentary sovereignty. Thus, the executive is subordinate to and responsible to the Parliament (legislature).

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Constitutional Government

Question 2.
President and Legislature in a presidential system.
Answer:
In a Presidential system, there is a separation of government powers and a system of checks and balances. The President i.e., head of the executive is directly elected by the citizens for a fixed tenure. He/she enjoys powers granted to the office by the constitution and must conduct his/her administration in accordance with laws passed by the legislature. Members of the executive are prohibited from being members of the legislature.

The legislature is also popularly elected. Its powers are not absolute since the President can exercise ‘Veto Power’ to reject a law passed by the legislature. Similarly, the legislature can also impeach the President if it is proved that the constitution has been violated by him/her. The President continues in office irrespective of whether he/she enjoys majority support in the legislature. However such lack of support may lead to a breakdown or impasse in government functioning.

4. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Explain constitutionalism and constitutional morality.
Answer:
Constitutionalism refers to the idea that there should be limitations on the powers of the government which may be specified in the constitution or may arise due to historical developments. The Magna Carta (Great Charter) (1215) and Bill of Rights (1689) in England were attempts to restrict the powers of the Monarchs. As the concept of separation of legislative, executive, judicial powers became popular, so also, the idea of restricting powers of the government as a whole emerged. The origins of constitutionalism can be traced to the Social Contract Theory propounded by John Locke. He believed that people should have the right to change the government if it committed any wrongdoings.

The first ten amendments to the American Constitution (collectively called the Bill of Rights) imposed restrictions on the government. The Indian Constitution also restricts government jurisdiction so that it doesn’t violate Fundamental Rights.
Any constitution is subject to amendments. Thus, it is possible that certain governments may use their amendment powers to remove restrictions, on their policies and actions.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Constitutional Government

In any democracy, Constitutionalism refers to restrictions on the power of the government and adherence to the spirit of the constitution. It refers to the values which form its foundations and the manner in which those who hold power are expected to behave. This can be described by the term ‘Constitutional Monarchy’.

5. Answer the following in detail with reference to the given points.

Question 1.
Explain Constitution and its three distinct interrelated components.
(i) What is a Constitution?
(ii) set of rules
(iii) set of rights
(iv) set of objectives and values
Answer:
(i) The constitution is the highest law of the country. It reflects the objectives of the state and the rights and aspirations of its citizens. It establishes the rule of law and sets limits on government authority. A constitution is a living document that indicates the way in which a country is governed. The primary function of the constitution is to lay out the basic structure of the government according to which the people are to be governed. A constitution has three distinct but interrelated components.

(ii) Set of Rules – A constitution is a set of rules that describes the structure, powers, and functions of the three organs of government to ensure that each organ functions without its jurisdiction. It lays down the limitations on what the government can do or cannot do.

(iii) Set of Rights – A constitution lists the rights of the citizens, means for the protection of these rights, and the duties of citizens. It also lists the means of protecting the rights e.g., in India, the judiciary is entrusted with protecting the rights. The rights guaranteed by the constitution are not unlimited i.e. they are subject to reasonable limitations.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Constitutional Government

(iv) Set of Objectives and Values – A constitution enumerates the values and objectives that it seeks to fulfill. For e.g., the Indian Constitution seeks to ensure the values of justice, liberty, and equality.

11th Political Science Digest Chapter 4 Constitutional Government Intext Questions and Answers

Find out! (Text Book Page No. 30)

How many times has the Indian Constitution been amended? What was the latest amendment?
Answer:
Amendments refer to changes in certain provisions of the constitution. In India, Article 368 deals with the amendment procedure. Till March 2019, the Indian Constitution has been amended 103 times. The 101st amendment (July 2017) introduced GST, the 102nd amendment gave constitutional status to National Commission for Backward Classes, and the 103rd amendment provided for a maximum of 10% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) by amending Articles 15,16. (Right to Equality)

Find out! (Text Book Page No.32)

Make a list of all Prime Ministers of India with their tenure.
Answer:

  1. Jawaharlal Nehru (August 1947 – May 1964)
  2. Gulzarilal Nanda – Acting Prime Minister (27 May 1964 – 9 June 1964, 11 January 1966 – 24 January 1966)
  3. Lai Bahadur Shastri (June 1964 – January 1966)
  4. Indira Gandhi (January 1966 – March 1977, January 1980 – October 1984)
  5. Morarji Desai (March 1977 – July 1979)
  6. Charan Singh (July 1979 – January 1980)
  7. Rajiv Gandhi (October 1984 – December 1989)
  8. V. P. Singh (December 1989 – November 1990)
  9. Chandra Shekar (November 1990 – June 1991)
  10. P. V. Narsimha Rao (June 1991 – May 1996)
  11. A. B. Vajpayee (May 1996 – June 1996, March 1998 – May 2004)
  12. H. D. Deve Gowda (June 1996 – April 1997)
  13. I. K. Gujral (April 1997 – March 1998)
  14. Dr. Manmohan Singh (May 2004 – May 2014)
  15. Narendra Modi (May 2014 – till date)

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Constitutional Government

Find out! (Text Book Page No. 34)

Name any four American Presidents who belonged to the Republican Party and for who belonged to the Democratic Party
Answer:

  • Republican Party – Abraham Lincoln, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush.
  • Democratic Party – F. D. Roosevelt, J. F. Kennedy, Bill Clinton, Barack Obama, Donald Trump.

Do this. (Text Book Page No. 35)

Look at the following subjects (Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution):

  • Law and Order
  • Atomic Energy
  • Banking
  • Agriculture
  • Police
  • Electricity
  • Education
  • Railways
  • Public health
  • Foreign affairs
  • Forests.

Find out which of these subjects is in Union, state, or concurrent list.
Answer:

Union List State List Concurrent List
Atomic Energy Police Education
Foreign Affairs Agriculture Electricity
Banking Law and order Forest
Railways Public Health

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Political Science Solutions Chapter 4 Constitutional Government

Activity (Text Book Page No. 36)

What are the rights mentioned in the Bill of Rights of the American Constitution?
Answer:
The Bill of Rights refers to the first ten amendments of the US constitution. Some of the rights include.

  • First Amendment prohibits the making of any law impeding the free exercise of religion or restricting the freedom of speech or of the press or to assemble peacefully.
  • The Second Amendment protects the individual right to keep arms.
  • The Fifth Amendment protects against double jeopardy and self-incrimination.
  • The sixth amendment establishes a number of rights of the defendant in a criminal trial such as speedy, public trial by an impartial jury, the assistance of counsel, etc.
  • The Tenth amendment reinforces the principles of separation of powers and of federalism.

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Bookkeeping and Accountancy 11th Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Bookkeeping and Accountancy 11th Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

1. Answer in One Sentence.

Question 1.
What is Trading Account?
Answer:
An account in which direct expenses are compared with direct incomes to find out gross profit or gross loss for a given period is known as Trading Account.

Question 2.
What do you mean by Profit and Loss Account?
Answer:
An account in which indirect expenses are compared with indirect incomes to find out net profit or net loss for a given period is known as the Profit and Loss Account.

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 3.
Why Balance Sheet is prepared?
Answer:
The balance sheet is prepared to ascertain the financial position of the business on a specific date usually at the end of the accounting year.

Question 4.
State the meaning of Final Accounts.
Answer:
Final Accounts are the group of Trading Account, Profit and loss account and Balance sheet prepared to know the results of business for a given period.

Question 5.
What is Net Profit?
Answer:
When the total credit side of Profit and Loss A/c is greater than the total of debit side, it indicates credit balance which is known as net profit.

Question 6.
What do you mean by Gross Profit?
Answer:
When the total credit side of Trading A/c is greater than the total of debit side, it indicates credit balance, which is called gross profit.

Question 7.
State the meaning of Accrued Income?
Answer:
Income that is due and accumulated but not yet actually received during the current accounting year is called accrued income.

Question 8.
State the meaning of Outstanding Expenses?
Answer:
The expenses which are incurred in the current year, but not paid partly or fully during the current accounting year are termed as outstanding expenses.

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 9.
What is Depreciation?
Answer:
Depreciation means a continuous reduction in the value of property or asset due to wear and tear, accident, fall in the market price, the passage of time, etc.

Question 10.
What do you mean by Prepaid Expenses?
Answer:
The expense which is paid in advance before they are due for payment is called prepaid expenses.

2. Give a word, term, or phrase which can substitute each of the following statements:

Question 1.
Expenses are paid before it is due.
Answer:
Prepaid Expenses

Question 2.
Income due but not yet received.
Answer:
Accrued Income

Question 3.
Carriage paid on the sale of goods.
Answer:
Carriage Outwards

Question 4.
Statement of Assets and liabilities.
Answer:
Balance Sheet

Question 5.
Account prepared to know Net Profit or Net loss.
Answer:
Profit and Loss A/c

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 6.
Value of goods remaining unsold at the end of the year.
Answer:
Closing Stock

Question 7.
The provision was made to compensate the loss on account of likely debts.
Answer:
Provision for Bad and Doubtful Debts

Question 8.
The accounts are prepared at the end of the accounting year to know the profit or loss and financial position of the business.
Answer:
Final Accounts

Question 9.
An amount spent on promoting the sale of goods.
Answer:
Selling Expenses

Question 10.
Additional information is provided below the Trial Balance.
Answer:
Adjustments

3. Select the most appropriate alternatives given below and rewrite the sentence:

Question 1.
_____________ is excess of assets over liabilities.
(a) Goodwill
(b) Capital
(c) Investments
(d) Drawings
Answer:
(b) Capital

Question 2.
Discount earned is transferred to credit side of _____________ account.
(a) Current
(b) Profit and Loss
(c) Trading
(d) Capital
Answer:
(b) Profit and Loss

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 3.
_____________ is a statement which shows the financial position of business on a specific date.
(a) Trading Account
(b) Trial Balance
(c) Profit and Loss A/c
(d) Balance Sheet
Answer:
(d) Balance Sheet

Question 4.
Outstanding expenses are shown on the _____________ side of Balance sheet.
(a) Assets
(b) Liability
(c) Both
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Liability

Question 5.
Interest on Drawing is credited to _____________ Account.
(a) Trading
(b) Profit and Loss
(c) Capital
(d) All
Answer:
(b) Profit and Loss

Question 6.
Debit balance of Trading Account means _____________
(a) Gross Loss
(b) Net Loss
(c) Net Profit
(d) Gross Profit
Answer:
(a) Gross Loss

Question 7.
Carriage Inward is debited to _____________ Account.
(a) Trading
(b) Profit and Loss
(c) Capital
(d) Bank
Answer:
(a) Trading

Question 8.
Excess of credit over to debit in Profit and Loss A/c indicates _____________
(a) Net Profit
(b) Gross Profit
(c) Gross Loss
(d) Net Loss
Answer:
(a) Net Profit

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 9.
Closing stock is always valued at cost or market price which is _____________
(a) more
(b) less
(c) zero
(d) equal
Answer:
(b) less

Question 10.
When specific date is not given, in that case interest on drawings is charged for _____________ month.
(a) Four
(b) Six
(c) Eight
(d) Nine
Answer:
(b) Six

4. State True or False with reasons:

Question 1.
In every adjustment at least there are three effects.
Answer:
This statement is False.
There are at least two effects in every adjustment of final accounts.

Question 2.
Every item of Trial Balance has only one effect.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Every transaction is recorded through journal or subsidiary books with the principle of the double-entry book-keeping system. Journal and subsidiary books are posted to the ledger account and trial balance is prepared from the balances of the ledger so there are already two effects passed. So every item of Trial Balance has only one effect.

Question 3.
Income due but not received is a liability.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Income due but not received is an Asset and not a liability.

Question 4.
Goodwill is not a fictitious asset.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Goodwill is the reputation or name and fame of a business organization in the market. It is the money value of a business reputation earned by a business. It is an intangible asset.
Fictitious assets are created by accounting entry in the books of accounts it doesn’t have any realizable value.
E.g.: Share issue expenses.

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 5.
The credit balance of the Profit & Loss account shows a net profit.
Answer:
This statement is True.
The credit side of profit and loss A/c represents incomes when the credit side is greater than the debit side (expenses) it shows the Net Profit of the year.

5. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Gross Profit is transferred to _____________ account.
Answer:
Profit and Loss A/c

Question 2.
Debit Balance of Trading Account indicates _____________
Answer:
Gross Loss

Question 3.
Income Receivable appears on _____________ side of Balance Sheet.
Answer:
Asset

Question 4.
Interest on Bank Loan is debited to _____________ A/c.
Answer:
Profit and Loss A/c

Question 5.
Profit and Loss account is prepared to find out _____________ results of the business.
Answer:
Net Working

Question 6.
All indirect/operating expenses are transferred to _____________ account.
Answer:
Profit and Loss A/c

Question 7.
Interest of proprietor’s drawing is credited to _____________ account.
Answer:
Profit and Loss A/c

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 8.
An excess of debit over credit in the Profit & Loss A/c represents the _____________
Answer:
Net Loss

Question 9.
All direct expenses are transferred to _____________ account.
Answer:
Trading A/c

Question 10.
Balance Sheet is _____________ of assets & liabilities.
Answer:
Statement

6. Find the odd one:

Question 1.
Rent, Salary, Insurance, Plant, and Machinery.
Answer:
Plant and Machinery

Question 2.
Purchases, Closing stock, Debtors, Factory Rent.
Answer:

Question 3.
Capital, Bills Payable, Debtors, Outstanding wages.
Answer:
Debtors

Question 4.
Advertisement, Travelling Expenses, Factory Rent, Insurance.
Answer:
Factory Rent

Question 5.
Cash in Hand, Debtors, Outstanding Income, Reserve for Doubtful Debts.
Answer:
Reserve for Doubtful Debts

7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Question 1.
Reserve for bad debts is created by debiting Profit and Loss Account.
Answer:
Agree

Question 2.
A balance Sheet is a statement as well as an account.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 3.
Indirect Expenses are debited to Trading Account.
Answer:
Disagree

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 4.
Bank Overdraft is treated as an Internal Liability.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 5.
Capital is excess of Liabilities over Assets.
Answer:
Disagree

8. Correct and Rewrite the following statements:

Question 1.
The balancing figure of the Trading Account is Net Profit or Net Loss.
Answer:
The balancing figure of the Trading Account is Gross Profit or Gross Loss.

Question 2.
All direct expenses are debited to the Profit and Loss Account.
Answer:
All direct expenses are debited to Trading Account.

Question 3.
When the credit side of the Profit and Loss Account is greater than the debit side, it is called Net Loss.
Answer:
When the credit side of the Profit and Loss account is greater than the debit side, it is called Net Profit.

Question 4.
Capital A/c……………..Dr.
To Profit and Loss Account
(Being Net Profit transferred to Capital A/c)
Answer:
Profit and Loss Account…………….Dr.
To Capital A/c
(Being Net Profit transferred to Capital A/c)

Question 5.
Trading A/c……………Dr.
To Sales A/c
(Being Sales transferred to Trading A/c)
Answer:
Sales A/c…………Dr
To Trading A/c
(Being sales transferred to Trading A/c)

9. Calculate the following.

Question 1.
Calculate the Capital
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern 9 Q1
Solution:
Capital = Assets – Liabilities
= ₹ 1,00,000 – ₹ 39,950
= ₹ 60,050

Question 2.
The machinery of ₹ 35,500 is purchased on 1st July 2018 and on the same day ₹ 4,500 are spent on the installation of the Machinery. The proprietor has decided to Depreciate Machinery at the rate of 7% p.a. Calculate the amount of depreciation, assuming that accounting year is ending on 31st March every year.
Solution:
Cost of Machinery = Purchase Price + Installation Charges
= 35,500 + 4,500
= ₹ 40,000
Depreciation for 9 months = 40,000 × \(\frac{7}{100} \times \frac{9}{12}\) = ₹ 2,100

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 3.
Mr. Pramod borrowed a Loan from the State Bank of India ₹ 3,50,000 on 1st Oct. 2018 at the rate of interest of 12% p.a. Calculate the Interest on a bank loan for the year 2018-19, assuming that the financial year-end on 31st March every year.
Solution:
Interest on Bank loan for 6 months = 3,50,000 × \(\frac{12}{100} \times \frac{6}{12}\) = ₹ 21,000

Question 4.
Annual Insurance Premium ₹ 8,000 is paid on 1st Dec 2018. Calculate the amount of Insurance Premium for the accounting year ending on 31st March 2019.
Solution:
Annual Insurance Premium for 12 months = ₹ 8,000
Less: Prepaid for 8 months = ₹ 5,333
Insurance for 4 months (01.12.18 to 31.03.19) = ₹ 2,667

Question 5.
Calculate the Gross Profit/Gross Loss
Purchases A/c ₹ 15,500, Sales A/c ₹ 30,000, Carriage Inward ₹ 1,200, Opening Stock ₹ 5,000, Purchases Returns ₹ 500, Closing Stock ₹ 18,000
Solution:
Cost of Goods Sold = Opening Stock + Purchases – Purchases Returns + Carriage Inward – Closing Stock
= 5,000 + 15,500 – 500 + 1,200 – 18,000
= ₹ 3,200
Gross Profit = Sales – Cost of goods sold
= 30,000 – 3,200
= ₹ 26,800

Practical Problems

Question 1.
From the following Balances of Jayashri Traders, you are required to prepare Trading Account for the year ended 31/03/2019.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q1
Solution:
In the books of Jayashri Traders
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q1.1

Question 2.
Prepare Profit and Loss Account of Sanjay Brothers for the year ended 31st March 2018 from the following balances.
1. Bank charges ₹ 22,000
2. Interest (Cr.) ₹ 16,000
3. Sundry expenses ₹ 42,000
4. Insurance ₹ 35,000
5. Salaries ₹ 40,000
6. Rates and Taxes ₹ 13,000
7. Postage ₹ 8,000
8. Advertisement ₹ 40,000
9. Rent paid ₹ 32,000
10. Bad debts ₹ 10,000
11. Commission (Cr) ₹ 17,500
12. Printing & Stationery ₹ 21,000
13. Loss by fire ₹ 18,000
14. Discount (Dr) ₹ 23,000
15. Discount (Cr) ₹ 37,000
16. Misc. Income ₹ 14,000
17. Depreciation ₹ 34,000
18. Carriage Outwards ₹ 60,000
19. Godown Expenses ₹ 40,000
Note: Gross Profit ₹ 4,07,500
Solution:
In the books of the Sanjay Brothers.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q2

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 3.
From the following Trial Balance of Sanjiv & Sons. Prepare Trading Account and Profit & Loss Account for the year ending on 31st March 2019 and a Balance Sheet as on that date.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q3
Additional information:
1. Closing stock on 31st March 2019, was at cost ₹ 60,000 and Market Price ₹ 70,000.
2. Outstanding expenses: Wages ₹ 4,000, Salary ₹ 2,400
3. Provide depreciation at 10% on Motor Van and 5% on Furniture.
4. Write off ₹ 2,000 for bad debts and create R.D.D. at 5% on debtors.
5. Provide 10% p.a. interest on capital.
Solution:
In the books of Sanjiv & Sons
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q3.1
Balance Sheet as of 31st March, 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q3.2
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q3.3

Question 4.
From the following Trial Balance of Nandini & Co. as of 31st March 2019. Prepare Final Accounts after considering the adjustments given below.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q4
Adjustments:
1. Closing stock valued at ₹ 1,00,000.
2. Write off ₹ 2,000 as bad debts and create a provision for doubtful debts @ 5% on Sundry Debtor.
3. Depreciate Machinery by 10% p.a. and Loose Tools is valued at ₹ 1,00,000.
4. Charge Interest on Capital @ 2% p.a.
Solution:
In the books of Nandini & Co.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q4.1
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q4.2
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q4.3

Question 5.
Prepare Final accounts of Abdul Traders for the year ending 31st March 2019 with the help of the following Trial Balance and Adjustments.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q5
Adjustments:
1. Closing stock valued at ₹ 89,600
2. Outstanding expenses Salaries ₹ 2,000, Wages ₹ 4,000
3. Charge depreciation on Machinery @ 10%
4. Bad debts are written off ₹ 2,000 and create a provision for bad and doubtful debts 5% on Sundry Debtors.
Solution:
In the books of Abdul Traders.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q5.1
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q5.2
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q5.3

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 6.
Following is the Trial Balance of Geeta Enterprises. You are required to prepare a Trading and Profit & Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and the Balance Sheet as of that date after taking into account the additional information provided to you.
Trial Balance as of 31st March, 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q6
Additional information:
1. Closing stock of goods on 31st March 2019 valued at ₹ 7,100 at cost price and ₹ 7,500/- as market price.
2. Travelling expenses include ₹ 125 spent on personal traveling.
3. ₹ 175 is to be written off as bad debts which were due from Mr. Ashok, a debtor, and 5% R.D.D. is to be maintained on debtors.
4. Reserve for discount on debtors as well as on creditors is to be maintained at 2% and 3% respectively.
5. Provide 10% depreciation on Plant & Machinery and Furniture.
Solution:
In the books of Geeta Enterprises.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q6.1
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q6.2

Question 7.
Following are the closing ledger balances of Deepak & Co. Prepare Trading Account and Profit & Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance sheet as of that date.
Ledger Balances of Mr. Deepak and Co. as of 31st March, 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q7
Adjustments:
1. Closing stock was valued at ₹ 60,000
2. An amount of ₹ 3,000 is still to be received on account of commission.
3. Provision for discount on debtors and Provision for discount on Creditors are to be created 2% and 3% respectively.
4. Amount of Furniture is to reduce by ₹ 4,500 and Building by 10%.
5. Outstanding expenses Salaries ₹ 4,500 and Wages ₹ 1,500.
Solution:
In the books of Deepak & Co.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q7.1
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q7.2

Question 8.
Following is the Trial Balance extracted from the books of Raju Traders. You are required to prepare Trading A/c, Profit & Loss A/c for the year ending on 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date after Considering the additional information given below.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q8
Adjustments:
1. Closing stock is valued at ₹ 40,000 at Cost Price and ₹ 44,000 as Market Price.
2. Provide Depreciation on Plant & Machinery, Furniture, Computers @ 5%, 10%, 15% respectively.
3. Salaries are paid for 10 months only.
4. Further Bad debts amounted to ₹ 400 and provide 10% R.D.D. on Sundry Debtors.
5. Advertisement is paid for 2 years.
Solution:
In the books of Raju Traders.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q8.1
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q8.2
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q8.3

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 9.
From the following Trial Balance of Shradha Enterprises, you are required to prepare Final Accounts for the year ending on 31st March 2019.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q9
Adjustments:
1. Insurance is prepaid to the extent of ₹ 2,250
2. Closing stock is valued at ₹ 3,80,000 Cost price and ₹ 4,00,000 as Market price.
3. Outstanding Expenses are Wages ₹ 6,000 and Rent ₹ 5,000
4. Write off further had debts ₹ 1,500 and provide 5% Reserve for doubtful debts.
5. Depreciation on Furniture and Plant & Machinery at 10% p.a. and on Freehold Premises at 15% p.a.
Solution:
In the books of Shradha Enterprises
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q9.1
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q9.2

Question 10.
From the following Trial Balance of Ayub & Co. as of 31st March 2019, you are required to prepare Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account for the year ending 31st March 2019, and Balance Sheet as of that date after making necessary adjustments.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q10
Adjustments:
1. Stock on hand on 31st March 2019 valued at ₹ 60,000
2. Rent amounting to ₹ 600 Prepaid.
3. Bad Debts ₹ 600 and create a Provision for Doubtful Debts 5%
4. Depreciation on Plant & Machinery by 10% and Furniture is valued at ₹ 4,500
5. Outstanding Salaries ₹ 900
Solution:
In the books of Ayub and Co.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q10.1
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q10.2

Question 11.
From the following Trial Balance of Rajnish & Sons and the additional information given below prepare Trading & Profit and Loss Account for the year ending on 31st March 2018 and Balance Sheet as on that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2018
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q11
Adjustments:
1. Closing Stock valued at ₹ 3,00,000 cost price and ₹ 3,20,000 at Market price.
2. Salaries were paid for 10 months only.
3. Insurance is paid for one year ending on 30.06.2018
4. One of the debtors Mr. Amit became insolvent, from whom ₹ 10,000 was not received.
5. 5% R.D.D. is to be maintained on Debtors.
6. Depreciate Machinery & Furniture @ 10% and 5% respectively.
Solution:
In the books of Rajnish & Sons
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q11.1
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q11.2
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2018
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q11.3

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 12.
From the following Trial Balance of John & Sons, you are required to prepare Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account for the year ending 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q12
Adjustments:
1. Closing Stock ₹ 27,000
2. Charge Depreciation on Machinery and Motor car @ 10% and 5% respectively.
3. Create R.D.D. 5% on Sundry Debtors
4. Interest on Drawings @ 5% p.a.
5. Create Discount on Sundry Creditors 3%
6. Advertisement ₹ 1,000 is prepaid.
7. Outstanding Rent ₹ 1,500
Solution:
In the books of John and Sons
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q12.1
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q12.2
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q12.3

Question 13.
From the following Trial Balance of Pushkraj, you are required to prepare Trading Account and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q13
Adjustments:
1. Stock on 31st March 2019 was valued at ₹ 28,000
2. Create a Provision for doubtful debts on Sundry Debtors @ 5%
3. Depreciate Motor car by 5% p.a. and Machinery by 7% p.a.
4. Outstanding expenses Rent ₹ 800 & Wages ₹ 1,000
5. Charge interest on Capital @ 3% p.a.
6. Goods of ₹ 4,000 withdrawn by the proprietor for personal use.
Solution:
In the books of Pushkraj
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q13.1
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q13.2
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q13.3

Question 14.
From the following Trial Balance of Jyoti, Trading Co. Prepare the Trading Account and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance Sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q14
Adjustments:
1. Closing stock valued at ₹ 58,000 Cost Price while the Market price is ₹ 60,000
2. Write off ₹ 1,200 as Bad debts and create provision for doubtful debts 2% on Sundry Debtors and also create provision for discount on Creditors 5%.
3. Loose Tools is valued at ₹ 52,000 and depreciate Furniture by 10% p.a.
4. Outstanding expenses Salary ₹ 1,000 and Wages ₹ 225
5. Charge interest on Capital 2% and on Drawings 10%.
Solution:
In the books of Jyoti Trading Co.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q14.1
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q14.2

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern

Question 15.
From the following Trial Balance of Manish Enterprise, Prepare the Trading Account and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2019 and Balance sheet as of that date.
Trial Balance as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q15
Adjustments:
1. Closing Stock was ₹ 32,000.
2. Write off 50% of patents, depreciate Plant & Machinery by 10% p.a and Office Equipment by 20%.
3. Reserve for bad debts is to be created 5% and discount on Debtors 2%.
4. Outstanding expenses Mobile charges ₹ 300 and Freight ₹ 500
5. Charge Interest on Capital @ 5%.
6. Goods of ₹ 2,000 distributed on free samples.
Solution:
In the books of Manish Enterprise
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q15.1
Balance Sheet as of 31st March 2019
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q15.2
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 9 Final Accounts of a Proprietary Concern Practical Problems Q15.3

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Bookkeeping and Accountancy 11th Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Bookkeeping and Accountancy 11th Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors

1. Answer in One Sentence:

Question 1.
What is meant by rectification of errors?
Answer:
The correction of accounting errors in a systematic manner is called the rectification of errors.

Question 2.
What is meant by the error of principle?
Answer:
An error committed by the accountant by not following accounting principles properly is called an error of principle.

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors

Question 3.
What is meant by the error of partial omission?
Answer:
An error in which a transaction is correctly recorded in the books of account but one of the postings is wrong is known as partial omission. If will affect the trial balance.

Question 4.
What is meant by the error of complete omission?
Answer:
Failure on the part of an accountant to record the business transactions in the books of account is called an error of complete omission. It does not affect the agreement of the trial balance.

Question 5.
What are compensating errors?
Answer:
The error which is committed on one side of the ledger account compensates for an error committed on the other side of some other leader account is called compensating error.

2. Give one word/term or phrase for each of the following statements.

Question 1.
Errors that affect the agreement of Trial Balance.
Answer:
One-sided errors

Question 2.
Taking the total more while closing books of accounts.
Answer:
Overcasting

Question 3.
The error arises when a transaction is partially or completely omitted to be recorded in the books of accounts.
Answer:
Error of omission

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors

Question 4.
Transactions recorded due to violating of the accounting principles.
Answer:
Error of principle

Question 5.
Accounts to which difference in Trial Balance is transferred.
Answer:
Suspense account

Question 6.
Error in which the effect of one mistake is nullified by another mistake.
Answer:
Compensating error

Question 7.
Errors that are not disclosed by the Trial Balance.
Answer:
Two-sided errors

Question 8.
Errors of incorrect entries or wrong posting.
Answer:
Errors of commission

3. Select the most appropriate alternative from those given below and rewrite the sentence.

Question 1.
Rectification entries are passed in ______________
(a) Journal Proper
(b) Ledger
(c) Balance Sheet
(d) Cash Book
Answer:
(a) Journal Proper

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors

Question 2.
The type of error for which journal entry is always required for rectification ______________
(a) over casting
(b) one sided error
(c) under casting
(d) two sided error
Answer:
(d) two-sided error

Question 3.
Error occurred due to wrong posting are called error of ______________
(a) principal
(b) commission
(c) compensating
(d) omission
Answer:
(b) commission

Question 4.
If transaction is totally omitted from the books, it is called ______________
(a) Error of recording
(b) Error of omission
(c) Error of principle
(d) Error of commission
Answer:
(b) Error of omission

Question 5.
Suspense Account is opened when ______________ does not tally.
(a) Balance sheet
(b) Trading Account
(c) Profit and loss
(d) Trial Balance
Answer:
(d) Trial Balance

4. State whether the following statements are True or False with reasons.

Question 1.
Trial Balance is prepared from the balance of ledger accounts.
Answer:
This statement is True.
A Trial balance is a statement of debit and credit balances extracted from the various accounts in the ledger. All business transactions are recorded first in Journal or in subsidiary books and subsequently, they are posted to respective ledger accounts. At the end of the year, they are balanced and transferred to the Trial balance.

Question 2.
A Trial Balance can agree in spite of certain errors.
Answer:
This statement is True.
The error of principle or error of complete omission or compensatory error is not disclosed by the Trial Balance. It will be agreed with debit and credit balances but there may be a certain error.

Question 3.
Rectification entries are passed in Cash Book.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Rectification entries are passed in the Journal Proper book. Cashbook is mainly used for cash transactions and not for rectification of errors.

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors

Question 4.
There is no need to open a Suspense Account if the Trial Balance agrees.
Answer:
This statement is True.
When the Trial Balance does not tally a temporary account called ‘Suspense Account’ is opened to balance the trial balance. So when the trial balance is agreed there is no need to open ‘Suspense Account’.

Question 5.
All the errors can be rectified only through Suspense Account.
Answer:
This statement is False.
The errors of principle and errors of complete omission can be rectified by passing entries. So all the errors can not be rectified by the Trial Balance.

5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements.

Question 1.
The unintentional omission or commission of amounts and accounts while recording the transactions is known as an error.
Answer:
Agree

Question 2.
The errors committed due to wrong recording, wrong posting, wrong totaling, wrong balancing, wrong calculations are known as Arithmetical errors.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 3.
When one or more debit errors happen to equal one or more credit errors it is said to be a Compensating error.
Answer:
Agree

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors

Question 4.
The agreement of Trial balance is not affected when a transaction is not recorded at all in the original Books.
Answer:
Agree

Question 5.
When a transaction is not recorded according to the principles of accounting it is known as Compensating error.
Answer:
Disagree

6. Complete the following sentence.

Question 1.
______________ is assured only when there are no errors in the books of accounts.
Answer:
Accuracy

Question 2.
Transactions recorded in contravention of the accounting principles are known as ______________
Answer:
errors of principle

Question 3.
______________ entry depends generally on when the error is detected.
Answer:
Rectifying

Question 4.
Temporary account opened to rectify the entry is known as ______________
Answer:
suspense account

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors

Question 5.
Errors are caused due to ______________ recording of transactions.
Answer:
wrong

Practical Problems

Question 1.
Rectify the following errors:
1. Salary paid to Pravin was wrongly debited to his personal account ₹ 6,500/-
2. Cash Purchases ₹ 12,000/- from Siddhant Traders was debited to Siddhant Trader Account.
3. Paid Rent ₹ 5,000 to landlord Shantilal was debited to his personal account.
4. Received interest ₹ 700 from Bank was wrongly credited to Bank Account.
5. Advertisement expenses ₹ 5,000/- paid to Times of India was debited to Times of India.
Solution:
Journal Proper
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q1

Working Note:
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q1.1

Question 2.
Rectify the following errors:
1. Machinery purchased for ₹ 9,000/- has been debited to Purchase Account.
2. ₹ 15,000/- paid to Indus Company for Machinery purchased stand debited to Indus Company Account.
3. Printer Purchased for ₹ 10,000/- was wrongly passed through Purchase Book.
4. ₹ 800/- paid to Mohan as Legal Charges were debited to his personal account.
5. Cash paid to Ramesh ₹ 500/- was debited to Suresh.
Solution:
Journal Proper
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q2

Working Note:
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q2.1
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q2.2

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors

Question 3.
Rectify the following errors:
1. A credit sale of goods to Sanjay ₹ 3,000/- has been wrongly passed through the ‘Purchase Book’.
2. A credit purchase of goods from Sheetal amounting to ₹ 2,000/- has been wrongly passed through the ‘Sales Book’.
3. A return of goods worth ₹ 500/- to Umesh was passed through the ‘Sales Return Book’.
4. A return of goods worth ₹ 900/- by Ganesh was entered in ‘Purchase Return Book’.
5. Credit Purchases from Neha ₹ 10,000/- were recorded as ₹ 11,000/-
Solution:
Journal Proper
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q3

Working Note:
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q3.1
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q3.2

Question 4.
Rectify the following errors:
1. Paid Rent ₹ 2,000/- to Nikhil has been debited to his personal account.
2. Total of the Sales Return Book is wrongly taken more by ₹ 200/-
3. Goods sold to Dhanraj ₹ 6,500/- on credit were not posted to his personal account.
4. Old Computer purchased was debited to Repairs account ₹ 8,000/-
5. Repairs to Furniture of ₹ 500/- have been debited to Furniture account.
Solution:
Journal Proper
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q4

Working Note:
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q4.1

Question 5.
Rectify the following errors:
1. Wages paid for the construction of Building ₹ 10,000/- was wrongly debited to Wages Account.
2. Cash received from Patel ₹ 5,000/- though recorded in Cash Book was not posted to his personal account in the Ledger.
3. Sold goods worth ₹ 9,000/- to Rohini has been wrongly debited to Mohini’s Account.
4. Material purchased for construction of Building was debited to Purchase Account ₹ 5,000/-
Solution:
Journal Proper
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q5

Working Note:
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q5.1

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors

Question 6.
There was a difference of ₹ 1230/- in a Trial Balance. It was placed on the Debit side of Suspense A/c. Later on, the following errors were discovered. Pass rectifying entries and prepare Suspense A/c.
1. Sales Book was overcast by ₹ 1,000/-
2. Goods sold to Aarti for ₹ 4,400/- has been posted to her account as ₹ 4,000/-
3. Purchases Book was overcast by ₹ 100/-
4. An amount of ₹ 500/- received from Ranjeet, has not been posted to his account.
5. Goods sold to Sameer for ₹ 750/- were recorded in Purchase Book.
6. An amount of ₹ 500/- has been posted to the credit side of the Commission Account instead of ₹ 570/-
Solution:
Journal Proper
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q6
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q6.1

Question 7.
A bookkeeper finds that the debit side of the Trial Balance is short of ₹ 308/- and so for the time being, the balances of the side by putting the difference to Suspense Account. The following errors were disclosed.
1. The debit side of the purchases account was undercast by ₹ 100/-
2. ₹ 100/- is the monthly total of discount allowed to customers were credited to the discount account in the ledger.
3. An entry for goods sold of ₹ 102/- to Mihir was posted to his account as ₹ 120/-
4. ₹ 26/- appearing in the Cash Book as paid for the purchase of Stationery for office use have not been posted to Ledger.
5. ₹ 275/- paid by Mihir were credited to Mithali’s Account.
You are required to make the necessary Journal Entries and the Suspense Account.
Solution:
Journal Proper
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q7
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q7.1

Question 8.
The trial Balance of Anurag did not agree. It showed an excess credit of ₹ 6,000/-. He put the difference to Suspense Account. He discovered the following errors.
1. Cash received from Ramakant ₹ 8,000/- posted to his account as ₹ 6,000/-
2. Credit purchases from Naman ₹ 7,000/- were recorded in Sales Book. However, Naman’s Account was correctly credited.
3. Return Inwards Book overcast by ₹ 1,000/-
4. Total of Sales Book ₹ 10,000/- was not posted to Sales Account.
5. Machinery purchased for ₹ 10,000/- was posted to Purchases Account as ₹ 5,000/-.
Rectify the errors and prepare Suspense Account.
Solution:
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q8
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q8.1

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors

Question 9.
There was an error in the Trial Balance of Mr. Yashwant on 31st March 2019, and the difference in Books was carried to a Suspense Account. Ongoing through the Books you found that.
1. ₹ 1,000/- being purchases return were posted to the debit of Purchase Account.
2. ₹ 4,000/- paid to Badrinath was debited to Kedarnath’s Account.
3. ₹ 5,400/- received from Kishor was posted to the debit of his account.
4. Discount received ₹ 2,000/- was posted to the debit of Discount Allowed Account.
5. ₹ 2,740/- paid to Repairs to Motor Cycle was debited to Motor Cycle Account ₹ 1,740/-
Give Journal Entries to rectify the above errors and ascertain the amount transferred to Suspense Account on 31st March 2019 by showing the Suspense Account, assuming that the Suspense Account is balanced after the above corrections.
Solution:
Journal Proper
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q9
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q9.1

Question 10.
Rectify the following errors.
1. Goods purchased from Kishor ₹ 700/- were passed through Sales Book.
2. An item of ₹ 120/- in respect of purchase returns, has been wrongly entered in the Purchase Book.
3. Amount payable to Subhash for repairs done to Printer ₹ 180/- and new Printer supplied for ₹ 1,920/-, were entered in the Purchase Book as ₹ 2,000/-
4. Returned goods to Nitin ₹ 1,500/- was passed through Returns Inward Book.
5. An item of ₹ 450/- relating to the Prepaid Rent account was omitted to be brought forward.
Solution:
Journal Proper
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 Rectification of Errors Practical Problems Q10
Note: In entry No. 5 Suspense A/c is not used as the problem is silent about the opening of Suspense A/c.

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Bookkeeping and Accountancy 11th Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Bookkeeping and Accountancy 11th Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

1. Answer in One Sentence only.

Question 1.
What is depreciation?
Answer:
Depreciation is a gradual, continuous, and permanent decline or decrease in the value of a fixed asset due to its use, wear and tear or any other similar reason.

Question 2.
Why depreciation is charged?
Answer:
Depreciation on fixed assets is charged to ascertain the correct profit or loss on its sale, to show assets at the correct value in the Balance sheet, and to provide for its replacement.

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 3.
What is a ‘Scrap Value’ of an asset?
Answer:
The total amount whatsoever received by selling used or obsolete assets or their spare parts is called residual.

Question 4.
Why depreciation is charged even in the year of loss?
Answer:
Fixed assets are used even in the year of loss and the use of fixed assets reduces its value and hence depreciation is charged even in the year of loss.

Question 5.
Which account is credited when depreciation is charged?
Answer:
The concerned fixed asset account is credited when depreciation is charged.

Question 6.
Where is the profit or loss on sale of the asset is transferred?
Answer:
The profit or loss on the sale of assets is transferred to the profit and loss account.

Question 7.
To which account balance of Depreciation A/c is transferred?
Answer:
The balance of Depreciation A/c is transferred to profit and loss A/c at the end of the year.

Question 8.
What is the formula to calculate depreciation by the Straight Line Method?
Answer:
Depreciation per annum = \(\frac{Cost of Fixed Asset (-) Scrap value}{Estimated life of Fixed Asset}\)

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 9.
What is Fixed Instalment Method?
Answer:
A method of charging depreciation in which depreciation is charged on fixed assets at a fixed percentage of its original cost is called the fixed installment method.

Question 10.
Which account is debited when expenses are paid on the installation of the Machinery?
Answer:
The machinery account is debited when expenses are paid for the installation of machinery.

2. Write the word/term/phrase which can substitute each of the following statements:

Question 1.
A continuous, gradual, and permanent reduction in the value of the fixed assets.
Answer:
Depreciation

Question 2.
The expenditure incurred for purchase, installation charges, etc. of an asset.
Answer:
Cost of Asset

Question 3.
The amount that a fixed asset is expected to realize at its disposal.
Answer:
Scrap Value

Question 4.
The period for which the asset remains in working condition.
Answer:
The life period of asset

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 5.
The method of depreciation in which the total depreciation is equally spread over the life of the asset.
Answer:
Fixed Instalment Method

Question 6.
The method of depreciation in which the rate of depreciation is fixed but the amount of depreciation reduces every year.
Answer:
Reducing Balance Method

Question 7.
The type of asset on which depreciation is charged.
Answer:
Fixed Asset

Question 8.
Expenses incurred for fixation of the new asset to bring it in working condition.
Answer:
Installation Charges

Question 9.
Excess of the Selling price of a fixed asset over its Written Down Value.
Answer:
Profit on Sale of Asset

Question 10.
Method of depreciation that cannot reach zero value.
Answer:
Diminishing Balance Method

3. Select the most appropriate answers from the alternatives given below and rewrite the sentence.

Question 1.
Decrease in the value of fixed assets is known as _____________
(a) Depreciation
(b) Appreciation
(c) Combination
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Depreciation

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 2.
Depreciation is charged only on _____________ assets.
(a) Fixed
(b) Current
(c) Non-performing
(d) Fictitious
Answer:
(a) Fixed

Question 3.
The amount spent on installation of new machinery is a _____________ expenditure.
(a) Revenue
(b) Capital
(c) Deferred Revenue
(d) Income
Answer:
(b) Capital

Question 4.
The amount that a fixed asset is expected to realise on its disposal is known as _____________
(a) Book value
(b) Scrap value
(c) Market value
(d) Original value
Answer:
(b) Scrap value

Question 5.
The amount of depreciation reduces year after year under _____________
(a) Fixed Instalment Method
(b) Written Down Value Method
(c) Depreciation Fund Method
(d) Revaluation Method
Answer:
(b) Written Down Value Method

Question 6.
The amount of depreciation remains constant every year under _____________
(a) Straight Line Method
(b) Diminishing Balance Method
(c) Revaluation Method
(d) Insurance Policy Method
Answer:
(a) Straight Line Method

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 7.
The balance of depreciation account is transferred to _____________
(a) Manufacturing A/c
(b) Trading A/c
(c) Profit & Loss A/c
(d) Balance sheet
Answer:
(c) Profit and Loss A/c

4. State whether the following statements are True or False with reasons.

Question 1.
Depreciation is charged on fixed assets.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Fixed assets working life is longer. The working life of all fixed assets decreases with the passage of time. The value of assets decreases every year so a reduction in the value of fixed assets due to its wear and tear depreciation is charged on fixed assets.

Question 2.
Depreciation increases the value of the asset.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Depreciation reduced the value of the fixed assets. The working life of all fixed assets decreases with the passage of time and its wear and tear.

Question 3.
Balance of the depreciation account is transferred to Profit and Loss A/c.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Depreciation is charged to profit and Loss A/c as it is an element of Cost. It is also essential to arrive at true value of the asset and also net profit or Loss during a particular accounting period. Even if an asset is not in use, its value is reduced due to the passage of time. Depreciation is Cost/Loss to the business. It is a noncash expenditure.

Question 4.
The Profit or Loss on the sale of the asset is ascertained only after charging depreciation.
Answer:
This statement is True.
Cost on date of sale can be ascertained only after deducting depreciation from date of purchase till the date of sale after that it is possible to compare between cost on the date of sale and selling price to ascertain profit or loss on sale of the machine.

Question 5.
Wages paid for the installation of Machinery are debited to Wages A/c.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Wages paid on the installation of machinery are debited to the machinery account as they are the capital nature of expenditures.

Question 6.
It is not necessary to depreciate an asset if it is not in use.
Answer:
This statement is False.
The working life of fixed assets decreases with passes of time. The value of these assets decreases every year as new technology introduced in the market old becomes outdated so it is necessary to depreciate an asset even it is not in use.

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 7.
Depreciation is charged on Current Assets only.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Depreciation is charged only on fixed assets and not on current assets working life of fixed assets is longer and it decreases with passes of time. The value of fixed assets decreases every year so depreciation is charged on fixed assets.

Question 8.
Depreciation need not be charged when a business is making a loss.
Answer:
This statement is False.
Depreciation is charged whether a business is making losses or profits. Depreciation is the non-cash expenditure of the business like all other expenses are charged in the same way depreciation is charge even business is making losses.

5. Complete the following sentences.

Question 1.
Depreciation is charged on _____________ asset.
Answer:
Fixed

Question 2.
Wages paid for Installation/fixation of Machinery is debited to _____________ account.
Answer:
Machinery

Question 3.
Under _____________ system, the amount of depreciation changes every year.
Answer:
Diminishing Balance

Question 4.
Depreciation = \(\frac{Cost of Asset Less …………}{Estimated Working Life of Asset}\)
Answer:
Scrap value

Question 5.
Gradual and permanent decrease in the value of asset is known as _____________
Answer:
Depreciation

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 6.
In Fixed Instalment System the amount of depreciation is _____________ every year.
Answer:
Constant

Question 7.
The amount spent on installation of Machinery is a _____________ expenditure.
Answer:
Capital

Question 8.
_____________ is the value which an asset realises at the end of its useful life.
Answer:
Scrap value

Question 9.
Depreciation Account is a _____________ account.
Answer:
Nominal

Question 10.
Depreciation is derived from a Latin word _____________
Answer:
Depretium

6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements.

Question 1.
Depreciation is a non-cash expense.
Answer:
Agree

Question 2.
Underwritten the down value method the Depreciation curve slopes parallel to the ‘X’ axis.
Answer:
Disagree

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 3.
The rate of depreciation depends upon the life of the fixed asset.
Answer:
Agree

Question 4.
The terminal value of the asset never affects the annual amount of depreciation.
Answer:
Disagree

Question 5.
By charging depreciation on fixed assets ascertainment of true and fair financial position is possible.
Answer:
Agree

7. Correct the following statement and rewrite the statement.

Question 1.
The residual value of an asset increases the amount of annual depreciation.
Answer:
The residual value of an asset decreases the amount of annual depreciation.

Question 2.
Depreciation is calculated on all assets.
Answer:
Depreciation is calculated on fixed assets only.

Question 3.
Underwritten down value method depreciation is calculated on the original cost of an asset.
Answer:
Underwritten down value method depreciation is calculated on its opening balance every year.

Question 4.
Depreciation provided on assets is debited to an asset accounts.
Answer:
Depreciation provided on assets is credited to an asset account.

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 5.
Profit on sale of the asset is credited to an asset account.
Answer:
Profit on sale of the asset is debited to an asset account.

8. Calculate the following.

Question 1.
A machine costing ₹ 23,000 is estimated to have a life of 7 years and the scrap value is estimated at ₹ 2,000 at the end of its useful life. Find out the amount of depreciation p.a.
Solution:
Depreciation p.a. = \(\frac{Cost of Asset (-) Scrap value}{Estimated life of asset}\)
= \(\frac{23,000-2,000}{7}\)
= \(\frac{21,000}{7}\)
= ₹ 3,000 p.a.

Question 2.
If the cost of the Computer is ₹ 40,000 and depreciation is to be charged at 8% p.a. Calculate the amount of depreciation.
Solution:
Depreciation p.a. = Cost of computer (×) percentage
= 40,000 × \(\frac{8}{100}\)
= ₹ 3,200 p.a.

Question 3.
Mr. ‘X’ purchased Furniture on 1st October 2015 at ₹ 2,80,000 and spent ₹ 20,000 on its installation. He provides depreciation at 6% under the straight-line method on 31st March 2016. Calculate the amount of depreciation.
Solution:
Depreciation as per straight line method = Cost of Furniture × Percentage × Period
= 3,00,000 × \(\frac{6}{100}\) × \(\frac{6}{12}\)
= ₹ 9,000

Question 4.
M/s Sitaram and Co Purchased a Machinery on 1st January 2016 for ₹ 2,00,000. The company provides depreciation @ 10% p.a. on Reducing Balance Method on 31st March every year. Calculate Written Down Value of Machinery as of 31st March 2017.
Solution:
Original cost on 01.01.2016 = ₹ 2,00,000
Less: Dep for 2015-16 for 3 months = ₹ 5,000
W.D.V. on 01.04.2016 = ₹ 1,95,000
Less: Dep for 2016-17 for 12 months = ₹ 19,500
W.D.V. on318t March, 2017 = ₹ 1,75,500

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 5.
On 1st July 2016 M/s. Ramai & Co. .sold Machinery for ₹ 7,000 the original cost of ₹ 10,000 which was purchased on 18th April 2015. Find out the profit or loss on sale of Machinery by charging depreciation at 10% p.a. on original cost on 31st March every year.
Solution:
Original cost of machinery on 01.04.2015 = ₹ 10,000
Less: Dep for 2015-16 for 12 months = ₹ 1,000
W.D.V. on 01.04.2016 = ₹ 9,000
Less: Dep for 2016-17 for 3 months = ₹ 250
W.D.V. on 01.07.2016 = ₹ 8,750
Less: Selling price = ₹ 7,000
∴ Loss on sale of machinery = ₹ 1,750

Practical Problems on Straight Line Method

Question 1.
On 1st April 2015, Farid of Nasik purchased a Motor Car for ₹ 55,000. The scrap value of the Motor Car was estimated at ₹ 10,000 and its estimated life is 10 years. The Registration charge for the Motor Car was ₹ 5,000.
Show Motor Car Account for first four years, assuming that the books of accounts are closed on 31st March every year.
Solution:
In the books of Farid, Nasik Motor Car Account
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Problems on Straight Line Method Q1

Working Note:
Calculation of Depreciation per annum
Depreciation = \(\frac{Original cost of an asset (-) Scrap value}{Estimated life of asset in years}\)
= \(\frac{60,000-10,000}{10}\)
= \(\frac{50,000}{10}\)
= ₹ 5,000 p.a.

Question 2.
On 1st January 2017 ‘Sai Industries, Nagpur’ purchased a Machine costing ₹ 1,65,000 and spent ₹ 15,000 for its installation charges. The estimated life of the Machine is to be 10 years and the scrap value at the end of its life would be ₹ 30,000. On 1st October 2018, the entire Machine was sold for ₹ 1,50,000.
Show Machinery Account, Depreciation Account, for the years 2016-17, 2017-18, and 2018-19 assuming that the accounts are closed on 31st March every year.
Solution:
In the books of Sai Industries, Nagpur
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Problems on Straight Line Method Q2
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Problems on Straight Line Method Q2.1

Working Notes:
1. Calculation of Depreciation per annum:
Depreciation = \(\frac{Original cost of an asset (-) Scrap value}{Estimated life of asset in years}\)
= \(\frac{1,80,000-30,000}{10}\)
= \(\frac{1,50,000}{10}\)
= ₹ 15,000 p.a.

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

2. Calculation of Profit or loss on sale of machine:
Original cost 01.01.2017 = ₹ 1,80,000
Less: Depreciation for 2016-17 (3 months) = ₹ 3,750
W.D.V. on 01-04-2017 = ₹ 1,76,250
Less: Depreciation for 2019-18 (12 months) = ₹ 15,000
W.D.V. on 01.04.2018 = ₹ 1,61,250
Less: Depreciation for 2018-19 (6 months) = ₹ 7,500
W.D.V. on date of sale = ₹ 1,53,750
Less: Selling price = ₹ 1,50,000
∴ Loss on sale of machine = ₹ 3,750

Question 3.
Shubhangi Trading Company of Dombivli purchased Machinery for ₹ 86,000 on 1st January 2016 and immediately spent ₹ 4,000 on its fixation and erection. On 1st October 2016 additional Machinery costing ₹ 40,000 was purchased.
On 1st October 2017, the Machinery purchased on 1st January 2016 became obsolete and was sold for ₹ 70,000. On 1st July 2017, a new Machine was also purchased for ₹ 45,000.
Depreciation was provided annually on 31st March at the rate of 12% per annum on the fixed installment method.
Prepare Machinery Account for three years and pass Journal Entries for the Third year i.e. 2017-2018.
Solution:
In the books of Shubhangi Trading company, Dombivli
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Problems on Straight Line Method Q3

Journal of Shubhangi Trading Company
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Problems on Straight Line Method Q3.1
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Problems on Straight Line Method Q3.2

Working Note:
Calculation of Profit or loss on sale of machine:
Original cost on 01.01.2016 = ₹ 90,000
Less: Depreciation for 2015-16 (3 months) = ₹ 2,700
W.D.V. on 01-04-2016 = ₹ 87,300
Less: Depreciation for 2016-17 (12 months) = ₹ 10,800
W.D.V. on 01.04.2017 = ₹ 76,500
Less: Depreciation for 2017-18 (6 months) = ₹ 5,400
W.D.V. on date of sale = 71,100
Less: Selling price = 70,000
∴ Loss on sale of machine = ₹ 1,100

Question 4.
On 1st Jan 2015, Triveni Traders Raigad purchased a Plaint for ₹ 12,000, and installation charges being ₹ 3,000. On 1st July 2016 another Plant was purchased for ₹ 25,000, on 1st April 2017 another Plant was purchased for ₹ 27,000, wages paid for installation amounted to ₹ 2,000. Carriage paid for the Plant amounted to ₹ 1,000.
Show Plant Account up to 31st March 2018 assuming that the rate of depreciation is @ 10% p.a. on Straight Line Method.
Solution:
In the books of Triveni Traders, Raigad
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Problems on Straight Line Method Q4

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 5.
Sameer & Company, Mumbai purchased a Machine worth ₹ 2,00,000 on 1st April 2016. On 1st July 2017, the company purchased an additional Machine for ₹ 40,000.
On 31st March 2019, the company sold the Machine purchased on 1st July 2017 for ₹ 35,000. The company writes off depreciation at the rate of 10% on the original cost and the books of accounts are closed every year on 31st March.
Show the Machinery Account and Depreciation Account for the first three years ending 31st March 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19
Solution:
In the books of Sameer & Company, Mumbai
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Problems on Straight Line Method Q5
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Problems on Straight Line Method Q5.1

Working note:
Calculation of Profit or Loss on sale of machine:
Original cost on 01.07.2017 = ₹ 40,000
Less: Depreciation for 2017-18 (9 months) = ₹ 3,000
W.D.V. on 01-04-2018 = ₹ 37,000
Less: Depreciation for 2018-19 (12. months) = ₹ 4,000
W.D.V. on date of sale = ₹ 33,000
Less: Selling price = ₹ 35,000
∴ Profit on sale of machine = ₹ 2,000

Question 6.
Samarth Manufacturing Co. Ltd, Aurangabad, purchased a New Machinery for ₹ 45,000 on 1st Jan 2015 and immediately spent ₹ 5,000 on its fixation and erection. In the same year, 1st July additional Machinery costing ₹ 25,000 was purchased. On 1st July 2016, the Machinery purchased on 1st Jan 2015 became obsolete and was sold for ₹ 40,000.
Depreciation was provided annually on 31st March at the rate of 10% per annum on the Fixed Instalment Method.
You are required to prepare Machinery Account for the year 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17.
Solution:
In the books of Samarth Manufacturing Co. Ltd, Aurangabad
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Problems on Straight Line Method Q6

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Working Note:
Calculation of Profit or Loss on sale of machine:
Original cost on 01.01.2015 = ₹ 50,000
Less: Depreciation for 2014-15 (3 months) = ₹ 1,250
W.D.V. on 01-04-2015 = ₹ 48,750
Less: Depreciation for 2015-16 (12 months) = ₹ 5,000
W.D.V. on 01-04-2016 = ₹ 43,750
Less: Depreciation for 2016-17 (3 months) = ₹ 1,250
W.D.V. on date of sale = ₹ 42,500
Less: Selling price = ₹ 40,000
∴ Loss on sale of machine = ₹ 2,500

Practical Problems on Written Down Value Method

Question 1.
M/s Omkar Enterprise Jalgaon acquired a Printing Machine for ₹ 75,000 on 1st Oct 2015 and spent ₹ 5,000 on its transport and installation. Another Machine for ₹ 45,000 was purchased on 1st Jan 2017. Depreciation is charged at the rate of 20% on Written Down Value Method, on 31st March every year.
Prepare Printing Machine Account for the first four years.
Solution:
In the books of M/s Omkar Enterprise Jalgaon.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Practical Problems on Written Down Value Method Q1

Question 2.
Vishal Company, Dhule, purchased Machinery costing ₹ 60,000 on 1st April 2016. They purchased further Machinery on 1st October 2017, costing ₹ 30,000, and on 1st July 2018, costing ₹ 20,000. On 1st Jan 2019, one-third of the Machinery, which was purchased on 1st April 2016, became obsolete and it was sold for ₹ 18,000.
Assume that, company account closes on 31st March every year.
Show Machinery Account for the first three(3) years and pass journal entries for the Third year, after charging depreciation at 10% p.a. on Written Down Value Method.
Solution:
In the books of Vishal Company, Dhule.
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Practical Problems on Written Down Value Method Q2
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Practical Problems on Written Down Value Method Q2.1

Journal of Vishal Company
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Practical Problems on Written Down Value Method Q2.2

Working Notes:
1. Calculation of Profit or Loss on sale as Machine:
Original cost on 01.04.2016 = ₹ 20,000
Less: Dep. for 2016-17 (12 months) = ₹ 2,000
W.D.V. on 01.04.2017 = ₹ 18,000
Less : Dep. for 2016-17 (12 months) = ₹ 1,800
W.D.V. on 01.04.2018 = ₹ 16,200
Less : Dep. for 2018-19 (9 months) = ₹ 1,215
W.D.V. on date of sale = ₹ 14,985
Less : Selling Price = ₹ 18,000
∴ Profit on sale & machine = ₹ 3,015

2. Depreciation for 2018-19
(a) Opening balance on 01.04.2018 = ₹ 77,100
Less : W.D.V. of Machine sold on 01.04.2018 = ₹ 16,200
10% depreciation on 60,900 = ₹ 6,090
(b) Purchase of Machine on 01.07.2018 20,000 – 10% – 9 months = ₹ 6,090 + ₹ 1,500 = ₹ 7,590

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 3.
Mahesh Traders Solapur purchased Furniture on 1st April 2014 for ₹ 20,000. In the same year on 1st, Oct. additional Furniture was purchased for ₹ 10,000.
On 1st Oct. 2015, the Furniture purchased on 1st April 2014 was sold for ₹ 15,000 and on the same day, a new Furniture was purchased for ₹ 20,000.
The firm charged depreciation at 10% p.a. on the Reducing Balance Method.
Prepare Furniture Account and Depreciation Account for the year ending 31st March 2015, 2016, and 2017.
Solution:
In the books of Mahesh Traders, Solapur
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Practical Problems on Written Down Value Method Q3
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Practical Problems on Written Down Value Method Q3.1

Working Notes:
1. Calculation of Profit or loss on sale of furniture:
Original cost on 01.04.2014 = ₹ 20,000
Less: Depreciation for 2014-15 (12 months) = ₹ 2,000
W.D.V. on 01.04.2015 = ₹ 18,000
Less: Depreciation for 2015-16 = ₹ 900
W.D.V. on date of sale = ₹ 17,100
Less: Selling price = ₹ 15,000
∴ Loss on sale of furniture = ₹ 2,100

2. Calculation of Depreciation for 2016 -17:
(a) Opening balance on 01.04.2015 = ₹ 27,500
Less: W.D.V. of furniture sold on 01.04.2015 = ₹ 18,000
9,500 – 10% = ₹ 950
(b) Purchase of furniture on 01.10.2015 – 10% – 6months = 950 + 1,000 = ₹ 1,950

Question 4.
Radhika-Masale’ Amravati purchased a Plant on 1st Jan. 2015 for ₹ 80,000. A new Plant was also purchased
for ₹ 60,000, installation expenses being ₹ 10,000 on 1st April 2016. On 1st Jan 2017, a new Plant was purchased for ₹ 20,000, by disposing of the 1st Plant at ₹ 60,000.
Prepare Plant Account and Depreciation Account for 31st March 2015, 31st March 2016, and 31st March 2017, assuming that the rate of depreciation was @ 10% on Diminishing Balance Method.
Solution:
In the books of Radhika-Masale, Amravati
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Practical Problems on Written Down Value Method Q4
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Practical Problems on Written Down Value Method Q4.1

Working Notes:
1. Calculation of Profit or loss on sale of plant:
Original cost on 01.01.2015 = ₹ 80,000
Less: Depreciation for 2014.15. (3 months) = ₹ 2,000
W.D.V. on 01.04.2015 = ₹ 78,000
Less: Depreciation for 2015 -16 (12 months) = ₹ 7,800
W.D.V. on 01.04.2016 = ₹ 70,200
Less: Depreciation for 2016 -17 (9 months) = ₹ 5,265
W.D.V. on date of sale = ₹ 64,935
Less: Selling price = ₹ 60,000
∴ Loss on sale of plant = ₹ 4,935

2. Calculation of Depreciation for 2016-17:
(a) Opening balance on 01.04.2016 = ₹ 70,200
Less: W.D.V. of plant sold on 01.04.2016 = ₹ 70,200
Nil – 10% = Nil
(b) Purchase of plant on 01.04.2016 – 10% – 12months = ₹ 7,000
(c) Purchase of plant on 01.01.2017 – 10% – 3m months = ₹ 500
Total = ₹ 7,500

Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation

Question 5.
On 1st April 2015, Suman Traders purchased Machinery for ₹ 30,000. On 1st Oct. 2015, they purchased further Machinery costing ₹ 20,000.
On 1st Oct. 2016, they sold the Machine purchased on 1st April 2015 for ₹ 18,000 and brought another Machine for ₹ 15,000 on the same date.
Depreciation is provided on Machinery @ 20% p.a. on the Diminishing Balance Method and the financial year closes on 31st March every year.
Prepare the Machinery Account and Depreciation Account for the year 2015-16, 2016-17, and 2017-18.
Solution:
In the books of Suman Traders
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Practical Problems on Written Down Value Method Q5
Maharashtra Board 11th BK Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 Depreciation Practical Practical Problems on Written Down Value Method Q5.1

Working Notes:
1. Calculation of Profit or loss on sale of machine:
Original cost on 01.04.2015 = ₹ 30,000
Less: Depreciation for 2015-16 (12 months) = ₹ 6,000
W.D.V. on 01.04.2016 = ₹ 24,000
Less: Depreciation for 2016-17 (6 months) = ₹ 2,400
W.D.V. on date of sale = ₹ 21,600
Less: Selling price = ₹ 18,000
∴ Loss on sale of machine = ₹ 3,600

2. Calculation of Depreciation for 2016-17:
(a) Opening balance on 01.04.2016 = ₹ 42,000
Less: W.D.V. of machine sold on 01.04.2016 = ₹ 24,000
18,000 – 20% = ₹ 3,600
(b) Purchase of machine on 01.10.2016 – 15,000 – 20% – 6months = 3,600 + 1,500 = ₹ 5,100