By going through these Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 7 Unemployment in India students can recall all the concepts quickly.

Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 7 Unemployment in India

Unemployment: It is a situation in which people in the age group of 15 to 59 years though able and willing to work at the available wage rate but unable to get a job.

As per N.S.S.O:
As Per National Sample Survey Organisation (N.S.S.O.)

  1. Unemployed
  2. Underemployed
  3. Employed

Unemployed:
One who work for less than 14 hours per week

Underemployed:
One who work for 15-28 hours a week

Employed:
One who work for 8 hours per day or 273 days in a year

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 7 Unemployment in India 1

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 7 Unemployment in India

Concept of Unemployment:

Involuntary Unemployment:
Situation where people willing to work – but no work is available.

Voluntary Unemployment:
Situation where a person is fit and able to work but not willing to work.

Underemployment:
Situation where a person’s capacity to work is under utilised.

Full Employment:
Situation where all available resources used fully in most efficient manner.

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 7 Unemployment in India 2

Causes of Unemployment

  1. Jobless growth
  2. Increase in labour force
  3. Migration of rural population
  4. Excessive use of machinery
  5. Lack of skill development programmes
  6. Slow rate of economic development
  7. Seasonal nature of agriculture
  8. Expectations towards employment

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 7 Unemployment in India 3

Types of Unemployment:

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 7 Unemployment in India 4

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 7 Unemployment in India

Effects of Unemployment:

Economic Effects:

  • Waste of human resources
  • Difficult to implement welfare schemes
  • Poverty and income inequality
  • Growth of informal sector
  • High dependency ratio

Social Effects:

  • Social tension and unrest
  • Loss of human dignity
  • Helplessness

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 7 Unemployment in India 5

Measures to Reduce Unemployment:
General Measures:

  • Development of agricultural sector
  • Provision for alternative occupation
  • Development of infrastructure
  • Reforms in the educational system
  • Development of Tourism
  • Use of labour-intensive techniques
  •  Development of Information technology and communication
  • Provision for vocational training and skill development facilities
  • Rural industrialization
  • Motivation for self employment

Specific Measures:

  • Employment Guarantee Scheme (EGS)
  • Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
  • Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
  • Pradhan Mantri Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)
  • ‘Training Rural Youth for Self-employment (TRYSEM)
  • ‘Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY)
  • ‘Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)
  • ‘Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana 2014
  • ‘National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship -2015
  • Start up India Initiative
  • Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana-(2016-20)

Maharashtra Board Class 11 Economics Notes Chapter 7 Unemployment in India

Word Meaning:

unemployment – state of being not working; mass- large number; gambling – playing games with intention to earn money; anti-social – against law and custom of the society; prevailing – at a particular time; hypothetical – unreal; slack season – lack of work; disguised – invisible; surplus – excess; over crowding – presence of more people in a given space; white collar jobs – administrative jobs; adaptability – adjust to new condition; capital intensive – large amount of money to run business; computerisation – doing activities/work through computer; depression- decline/slowdown; drastic – major; mismatch – differences; unprecedented – not known; abundant – available in large quantity; vocational – education relating to an occupation; compatible – suitable; aspire – aim for; dependency – seeking support / depend on; mission – target/aim, viable – achievable, advocacy – policy, aspiration – goal, cyclical – occuring in cycle.