By going through these Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Psychology Notes Chapter 4 Human Development students can recall all the concepts quickly.
Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Psychology Notes Chapter 4 Human Development
Introduction:
- The term ‘Human Development’ means a progressive series of changes that occur as a result of maturation and experience.
- Hereditary factors, as well as physical and social environment, determine development.
- Development occurs at an appropriate time in physical, cognitive, emotional as well as social aspects.
Characteristics of development:
- Development follows a specific pattern.
- Development takes place in specific direction.
- Development is continuous.
- Development proceeds from general to specific.
- There are individual differences in development.
- The rate of development is different for different body parts.
- Development leads to integration.
- Certain behavioural problems are normal for a particular stage.
- Development is predictable.
- The child develops as a unified whole.
Growth maturation and development:
- Growth refers to physical changes as the age advances.
- Maturation refers to a natural unfolding of the genetic potential at the appropriate time,
- Development is qualitative change and it includes physical as well as mental changes.
- The concepts of growth, maturation and development are parallel, i.e. an individual grows, matures and develops simultaneously.
Developmental Stages:
- Human life proceeds in stages.
- Broadly, human development can be classified into prenatal and postnatal stages.
- A period between conception till birth is called prenatal period while period after birth till death is called postnatal period.
- The stages in prenatal period are germinal stage, embryonic stage and fetal stage while post-natal period consists of neonatal stage, early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, late adulthood and old age.
- Each stage is associated with a different set of characteristics and problems.