By going through these Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Psychology Notes Chapter 5 Healthy Me – Normal Me students can recall all the concepts quickly.
Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Psychology Notes Chapter 5 Healthy Me – Normal Me
Introduction:
- Life’s success depends on mental and emotional well-being.
- Hence, EQ is also as important as IQ.
- Normal behaviour: Well-adjusted individuals
- Abnormal behaviour: Mal-adjusted individuals
Criteria of well-adjusted individuals:
- Realistic perception of self and world: Knowing own strengths and weaknesses and accepting the world as it is.
- Openness to new experiences: Being comfortable towards changes and unknown people.
- High emotional intelligence: Appropriate understanding and management of emotions.
- Healthy relationships: Being able to honour differences, help others and make them feel special.
- High self-esteem: Feeling important, worthy and valuable about oneself.
- It’s rare for a person to possess all the criteria of a well-adjusted individual.
- Also, well-adjusted individuals can face discomfort in certain situations.
Components of emotional intelligence:
Self:
- Self-awareness: Being aware of one’s emotions, desires, motivations and actions.
- Self-regulation: Controlling emotions and restraining inappropriate actions.
- Self-motivation: Pushing oneself towards a goal without any external reward.
Social:
- Social skills: Ability to comfortably interact with others.
- Empathy: Ability to put yourself in other’s shoes and understand their pain.
Important aspects of healthy relationships:
- Being honest
- Being fair
- Being respectful
- Being non-threatening
- Being a responsible parent
- Having shared responsibilities
- Having economic partnership
- Having trust and support.
The vicious cycle of low self-esteem:
- Low self-esteem → Negative thoughts →High anxiety → Poor Performance → Failure → Self-blame → Low self-esteem.
- High self-esteem builds confidence and leads to healthy social interactions and further boosts self-esteem.
Criteria of abnormal Behaviour:
- Deviance: Behaviour going against the laws or set social and statistical standards.
- Personal distress: Feeling very low or depressed on continuous basis.
- Failure to perform functions normally: Day-to-day functioning getting impaired.
- The behaviour can’t be judged on the basis of only one criterion.
Perspectives on abnormal behaviour:
- Biological: Abnormal behaviour is due to a chemical imbalance or physiological factors.
- Socio-cultural: Abnormal behaviour is learned within the social context.
- Behavioural: Abnormal behaviour is due to ineffective learning and conditioning.
- Evolutionary: Abnormal behaviour is an exaggerated form of adaptive action.
- Humanistic: Abnormal behaviour arises from blocked personal growth.
- Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic: Abnormal behaviour is due to unconscious and unresolved conflicts.
- Cognitive: Abnormal behaviour arises due to false assumptions and faulty thinking.
Two models that explain the causes of abnormal behaviour:
Stress-Diathesis model:
- Disorder = Nature (Biological and genetic factors) + Nurture (Life experiences) of abnormal
- Those who are genetically predisposed towards a particular disorder are more likely behaviour to show abnormal behaviour when exposed to environmental stress.
Biopsychosocial model:
- Abnormal behaviour = Biological factors + Psychological factors + Sociocultural factors
- Those who are genetically predisposed towards a particular disorder develop abnormalities if exposed to a disturbing and hostile environment, If exposed to nurturing and protective environment, there are fewer chances.
Challenges faced by adolescents:
- Lack of self-confidence: Not feeling positive about oneself.
- Sexual orientation: Recognising and understanding their sexual preferences.
- Gender Identity: Recognising and identifying if their gender corresponds with their birth sex.
- Bullying: Outside of their protective homes, chances of being bullied.