Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks:

Question a.
The process of intake of food and utilizing it for all life processes is called ……………. .
Answer:
nutrition

Question b.
All the substances in our food which are useful for various body processes are called ………… .
Answer:
nutrients

Question c.
Carbohydrates and …………. provide …………… to our body.
Answer:
fats, energy

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question d.
In a balanced diet, all the nutrients are present in the ……………. proportion.
Answer:
right

Question e.
In the food pyramid, cereals are given the maximum space because they fulfill our …………… requirement.
Answer:
energy

Question f.
Intake of more food than necessary causes ………….. .
Answer:
overnutrition

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

2. Spot the following in the table of vitamins and minerals.

Question a.
The nutrient present in citrous fruits.
Answer:
Vitamin C

Question b.
Vitamins/minerals present in milk.
Answer:
Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus.

Question c.
Causes and symptoms of night blindness, scurvy, rickets, beriberi.
Answer:

Diseases Causes Symptoms
1. Night blindness Deficiency of Vitamin A Inability to see in dim light
2. Scurvy Deficiency of Vitamin C Bleeding of gums
3. Rickets Deficiency of Vitamin D Softening of bones
4. Beri-beri Deficiency of Vitamin B1 Nerve disorder, muscle weakness

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question d.
Foods required to prevent the above diseases.
Answer:

Diseases *Causes ‘Symptoms Food for prevention
1. Night blindness Deficiency of Vitamin A Inability to see in dim light Carrots, milk, dark green vegetables.
2. Scurvy Deficiency of Vitamin C Bleeding of gums Amla, kiwi, oranges and citrus fruits.
3. Rickets Deficiency of Vitamin D Softening of bones Exposure to sunlight, milk, fish, egg, butter.
4. Beri-beri Deficiency of Vitamin B1 Nerve disorder, muscle weakness Milk, fish, meat, cereals, nuts, pulses

Question e.
Causes of anaemia.
Answer:
Deficiency of Vitamin B12, iron.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question f.
Essential mineral for healthy bones and teeth.
Answer:
Calcium, phosphorus.

Question g.
Sensory organ affected due to the deficiency of Vitamin A.
Answer:
Eyes, skin.

3. Choose the correct alternative. 

Question a.
Pulses are a very good source of ……………. .
(1) carbohydrates
(2) proteins
(3) fats
(4) minerals
Answer:
(2) proteins

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question b.
…………. provide maximum energy to our body.
(1) Cereals
(2) Leafy Vegetables
(3) Water
(4) Amla
Answer:
(1) Cereals

Question c.
Goitre is caused by the deficiency of ……….. .
(1) iron
(2) calcium
(3) iodine
(4) potassium
Answer:
(3) iodine

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question d.
……….. is a type of junk food.
(1) Orange
(2) Milk
(3) Bhakri
(4) Chocolate
Answer:
(4) Chocolate

4. Use the food pyramid to select food items of your choice for three days.
Conditions:
1. The diet for all three days should be balanced.
2. There should be variety in the items chosen for the three days.
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet 1
Day 1:
Cereal like cornflakes and milk, apple, roti, sabzi and dal.

Day 2:
Bread and butter with milk, rice/ roti and chicken, curd, any one type of fruit, salad.

Day 3:
Poha, green vegetable and dal with rice or roti, raita, one fruit, vegetable sandwich.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Activity:

Question 1.
Obtain information on simple methods of spotting the adulteration in foodstuffs and try them out.

Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct alternative:

Question 1.
Vitamin ……………. and vitamin …………….. dissolve easily in water.
(a) A, B
(b) B, C
(c) B, D
(d) B, E
Answer:
(b) B, C

Question 2.
……………. carries oxygen to all parts of the body.
(a) Calcium
(b) Iron
(c) Iodine
(d) Sodium?
Answer:
(b) Iron

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 3.
Deficiency of vitamin ……………. causes excessive bleeding after an injury.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) K
(d) D
Answer:
(c) K

Question 4.
In accordance with the food pyramid, the proportion of ……………. should be least in our diet.
(a) cereals
(b) fruits
(c) milk
(d) oil
Answer:
(d) oil

Question 5.
……………. is a rich source of vitamin C.
(a) Carrot
(b) Amla
(c) Meat
(d) Milk
Answer:
(b) Amla

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 6.
Children of growing age need to get approximately ……………. to ……………. calories from the food they eat.
(a) 1500-2000
(b) 3150-4150
(c) 2000-2500
(d) All of them
Answer:
(c) 2000-2500

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
All food that we consume during the day is together called our ………. .
Answer:
diet

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 2.
………….. convert milk into yogurt.
Answer:
Probiotics.

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Carbohydrates a. resistance to diseases
2. Proteins b. energy
3. Fibre c. growth
4. Vitamins d. excretion

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Carbohydrates b. energy
2. Proteins c. growth
3. Fibre d. excretion
4. Vitamins a. resistance to diseases

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 2.

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Iron a. Goitre
2. Calcium and phosphorous b. Anaemia
3. Iodine c. Inefficiency of muscles
4. Sodium and potassium d. Weak bones

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Iron b. Anaemia
2. Calcium and phosphorous d. Weak bones
3. Iodine a. Goitre
4. Sodium and potassium c. Inefficiency of muscles

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 3.

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Vitamin A a. Scurvy
2. Vitamin C b. Excessive bleeding
3. Vitamin D c. Skin disorders
4. Vitamin E d. Nightblindness
5. Vitamin K e. Rickets

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Vitamin A d. Nightblindness
2. Vitamin C a. Scurvy
3. Vitamin D e. Rickets
4. Vitamin E c. Skin disorders
5. Vitamin K b. Excessive bleeding

Pick out the odd one:

Question 1.
Chocolate, chapatti, banana, milk
Answer:
Chocolate

Question 2.
Rice, chapatti, carrot, dal.
Answer:
Carrot

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 3.
Scurvy, Rickets, Beriberi, Goitre.
Answer:
Goitre

Question 4.
Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E
Answer:
Vitamin C

Answer the following:

Question 1.
Why do living things need food and water?
Answer:
Living things take food and water and use them for:

  1. Obtaining energy
  2. Growth of the body
  3. Carrying out day to day functions of the body.
  4. Fighting against diseases

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 2.
Name the main nutrients in our food.
Answer:
There are six main nutrients in our food. They are:

  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Fats
  3. Proteins
  4. Fibres
  5. Vitamins
  6. minerals

Question 3.
How do we get energy from the food?
Answer:

  1. We get energy in the form of heat from the food we eat.
  2. Heat is measured in kilocalories (calories).
  3. Hence, the energy in food items is also measured in kilocalories (calories).

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 4.
Vitamin C rich food should be eaten raw. Why?
Answer:

  1. Vitamin C is very sensitive to heat and light.
  2. It is destroyed easily during cooking. Hence, Vitamin C rich food should be eaten raw.

Question 5.
What is balanced diet? Give its significance.
Answer:
A diet containing adequate quantities of all nutrients is called as balanced diet. Significance of a balanced diet are:

  1. An increased capacity to work.
  2. Good physical and mental health.
  3. Increased capacity to fight/resist diseases.
  4. Helps in proper growth of the body.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 6.
What is obesity? How to avoid obesity?
Answer:

  • Obesity is the state of being overweight.
  • Junk food eaten frequently causes obesity.
  • Obesity is not good for health.

To avoid obesity:

  1. Have a balanced diet.
  2. Eat whole grains, fruits and vegetables with their skins.
  3. Increase use of bicycles.
  4. Play more outdoor games.
  5. Do not eat if you are not hungry.
  6. Do not watch T.V while eating.
  7. Avoid precooked, packaged food.
  8. Exercise regularly.

Write short notes.

Question 1.
Vitamins:
Answer:
1. Vitamins are vital substances required by our body in small quantities. They help to improve the body’s resistance to diseases. Their deficiency can lead to various diseases, e.g.: deficiency of Vitamin A causes night blindness and that of Vitamin D causes rickets. The sources of vitamins are vegetables, fruits, milk, fish, meat etc.
2. There are two kinds of vitamins – water soluble vitamins and water insoluble vitamins.
3. Vitamin B and Vitamin C are water soluble vitamins because they dissolve easily in water. They are thrown out of the body through the water in sweat and urine. Hence, a regular supply of these vitamins is essential. B17B2, B3, B6, B9, and Bp are the types of vitamin B.
4. Vitamins A, D, E and K are insoluble in water but are fat soluble vitamins. They get stored in the body.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 2.
Probiotics:
Answer:

  1. The useful microorganisms which convert milk into yoghurt are present in yoghurt and buttermilk are called probiotics.
  2. Lakhs of such useful microorganisms are present in our intestine.
  3. They are essential for our health.
  4. Hence, to maintain them in our body we should include food rich in probiotics in our daily diet.

Question 3.
Junk food:
Answer:

  1. Foods which gives us energy but do not supply the necessary nutrients are called junk food.
  2. Foods like chocolate, pizzas, burgers, noodles, fried foods like pakodas are junk food.
  3. These foods contain refined flour, sugar and oil in large proportion.
  4. If we consume these foods frequently, our body experiences shortage of proteins, vitamins and minerals.
  5. This may lead to malnutrition and obesity.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 4.
Adulteration of food:
Answer:
To earn more profits, cheaper substances of low quality called adulterants, are mixed with the foodstuffs. The mixing adulterants to foodstuffs is called adulteration of food. Adulterants may be poisonous or harmful and such food is impure and unfit for consumption.
Some of the adulterants added to foodstuffs are given below:
Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet 3

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
Deficiency of vitamin B and C are common in our body.
Answer:

  1. Vitamin B and vitamin C are water soluble vitamins.
  2. They are thrown out of the body through the water in sweat and urine.
  3. Hence, a regular supply of these vitamins is essential.
  4. If we don’t intake food rich in these vitamins, deficiency occurs.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 2.
Exposure to sunlight is essential.
Answer:

  1. On exposure to sunlight our body synthesizes Vitamin D from substances in milk, fish, eggs and butter.
  2. Its deficiency causes softening of bones (Rickets).
  3. Vitamin D helps in absorbing calcium and phosphorous for healthy bones and teeth.
  4. Hence, exposure to sunlight is essential.

Complete the tables given below:

1.

Nutrients Source Function
1. Carbohydrates Rice, chapatti Provide energy
2. Fats Oil, butter Provide energy
3. Proteins Sprouts, meat, eggs Growth, repairing wear and tear of the body.
4. Vitamins Vegetables, fruits Improve body’s resistance to diseases
5. Fibre Sprouts, vegetable, fruits Help in excretion

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

2.

Mineral Source Function
1. Iron Spinach, raisins Carrying oxygen to all parts of the body
2. Calcium, phosphorous Milk, milk products, meat Strengthen bones and teeth
3. Iodine Raisins, fish, sea fish Controls growth, speeds up chemical reactions in the body.
4. Sodium and potassium Salt, leafy vegetables, fruits, pulses Maintain the body’s water balance and functioning of the muscles and nervous system.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

3.

Vitamins Source Function
1. A Carrot, milk, vegetables Protects eyes, helps to keep skin, bones and teeth healthy.
2. B1 Milk, fish, cereals Helps in proper function of nerves and heart.
3. B9 Deep green vegetables, papaya, kiwi Growth of the body
4. B12 Meat, milk products Formation of red blood cells
5. C Amla, citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables Protects body tissues
6. D On exposure to sunlight, Vitamin D is made in our body Formation of collagen – a protein essential for gums, teeth, bones and skin
7. E Green  leafy vegetables, vegetable oil Metabolism, reproduction
8. F Green  leafy vegetables, sprouted pulses, yellow of egg Helps in clotting of blood

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Using the food items given below, prepare a balanced diet pyramid.
[Chapatti, banana, carrot, butter, Nan, egg, bread, cheese, dal, spinach, milk]
Answer:
Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet 4

Can you recall?

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet 2.1

Question 1.
Which are the various groups of foodstuff? Which main constituents of food do we get?
Answer :
The various groups of foodstuffs are:

  1. Milk and milk products, meat, fish, eggs.
  2. Cereals and pulses
  3. Vegetables and fruits.
  4. Fatty substances oil, butter and ghee.

There are six main nutrients in our food: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibres, vitamins and minerals.

Nutrients Foodstuffs
1. Carbohydrates Cereals and pulses
2. Protein Milk product, meat, fish, eggs
3. Fats Butter, oil, ghee
4. Fibres fruits and vegetables

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Nutrition and Diet

Question 2.
What trouble do we have to face if we do not get enough fibre from our daily diet?
Answer:
Fibres help in excretion of food, if we do not get enough fibre we will face indigestion and stomach-ache.

Question 3.
What care must be taken to make sure that fibre is not lost or removed from the food we get?
Answer:
We must not over-cook the foodstuff containing fibres. Fruits should be eaten raw.