Category: Class 10

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 3.2 A Lesson in Life from a Beggar Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 3.2 A Lesson in Life from a Beggar

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 3.2 A Lesson in Life from a Beggar Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up:
Chit-chat

Make small groups and share:

Question 1.
A piece of advice that stopped a bad habit in you.
Answer:
“Bad habits interrupt your life and prevent you from accomplishing your goal.” The advice given by my uncle stopped a bad habit in me.

Question 2.
A quote proverb that you love to use often.
Answer:
I often love to use the quote, ‘Let’s move ahead.’

Question 3.
An experience that taught you a lifelong lesson.
Answer:
Getting up early morning is quite a difficult job for me. Once we were called at 6 o’clock in the morning to go for picnic. My mother was trying to wake me up from 5 o’clock but I got up at 5.30 and reached school by 6.30. By then our picnic bus had already left the school. I realised that I had missed the fun. It gave me a lifelong lesson to be punctual.

Question 4.
A story / news / episode / movie / play that has impressed and changed you.
Answer:
I miserably failed in Standard IX. I lost all my hopes. I had decided to discontinue my studies forever. Meanwhile I happened to read a story of King Bruce, the King of Scotland. He fought many battles to free his country from English rule. Lost many battles. Once while hiding in a cave, he saw a spider trying to make his web on the wall of the cave. He slipped and fell again and again. But perseveringly tried again and finally succeeded and made his web.

King Bruce learnt a lesson, got together his army, defeated the English and freed his country. The story impressed me. I was moved by the story and decided to study hard and make an effort to appear for the exam again. The story changed my life.

1. Many slang expressions terms are used for people having positive or negative traits.

Question 1.
Match the expressions in Column A with type of persons in Column B:

Answer:

1. Couch Potato – lazy/good for nothing
2. Worry Wart – always nervous/worried
3. Fuddy-duddy – old-fashioned / refuses change.
4. Wet blanket – spoils other people’s fun/mood
5. Whiz – brilliant / genius
6. Black sheep – shameful person
7. Live wire – very energetic/active

Question 2.
Discuss with your group and write the difference in reactions of an Optimist and a Pessimist:

Answer:

Answer	Optimist	Pessimist
Failure in exams /tests	I will try my level best in next exam.	Leave it. It is not my cup of tea.
Lose a good amount of cash	bad luck streak!	What a bad luck!
Unexpected rainfall/bad weather.	Let’s enjoy the rain.	Shit! this rain again.
Illness	I want to get well as early as possible.	I will die.
Extra classes in school	Teacher is going to teach something new.	What will it serve? It’s a waste of time.

English Workshop:

1. Complete the following table:

Question 1.
Complete the following table:

Answer:

Utterance	Who said	To whom
1. “Shwetha is a very beautiful girl, isn’t she?”	The writer	Meena
2. “When a pony is young, he looks handsome.”	Meena	The writer
3. “It’s a beautiful day.”	The writer	Meena
4. “No, the sun is too hot.”	Meena	The writer
5. “I’m all excited, it’s nice to meet old friends.”	Meena	The writer

2. State whether the following statements are (✓) or (✗). Correct the wrong ones:

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are (✓) or (✗). Correct the wrong ones:
Answer:
(a) The author and Meena were Wrong great enemies.
Corrected sentence: They were good friends.
(b) Meena was a very cheerful Wrong person initially.
Corrected sentence: Meena was forever unhappy.
(c) Meena stayed alone in an Wrong apartment in Delhi.
Corrected sentence: She stayed alone in an apartment in Mumbai.
(d) Meena was the second child of Wrong her parents.
Corrected sentence: She was the only child of her parents.
(e) The author spotted Meena at Bombay’s Flora Fountain. [✓]
(f) The beggar and the young girl were playing on the road because there was a lot of traffic. [✗]
Corrected Sentence: The beggar and the young girl were playing on the road because there was no traffic.
(g) The scene of the beggar and the girl made Meena peep into her own life. [✓]
(h) The beggar became Meena’s role model. [✓]
(i) It took Meena almost two years to put the change into effect. [✓]
(j) Meena was able to give Gurudakshina directly to her Guru, the beggar. [✗]
Corrected Sentence: Meena gave Gurudakshina indirectly by sponsoring his granddaughter to a boarding school.

3. Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)

Question (a)
Meena who is an LIC officer, is ………………… .

1. a pessimistic person
2. an optimistic person
3. a disabled person.

Answer:
Meena who is an LIC officer, is a pessimistic person.

1. a pessimistic person
2. an optimistic person
3. a disabled person.

Question (b)
The writer was standing near Akbarallys, a popular department store because …………………. .

1. she was waiting for her friend Meena.
2. she was waiting for the rain to stop.
3. she wanted to buy something in Akbarallys.

Answer:
The writer was standing near Akbarallys, a popular department store because she was waiting for the rain to stop.

1. she was waiting for her friend Meena.
2. she was waiting for the rain to stop.
3. she wanted to buy something in Akbarallys.

Question (c)
The only thought in the writer’s mind till they reached the Grand Hotel was ……………………. .

1. why the rain was not stopping.
2. what had brought about such a change in Meena.
3. how the beggar had changed the entire life of Meena.

Answer:
The only thought in the writer’s mind till they reached the Grand Hotel was what had brought about such a change in Meena.

1. why the rain was not stopping.
2. what had brought about such a change in Meena.
3. how the beggar had changed the entire life of Meena.

Question (d)
Meena sponsored the granddaughter of the beggar because ……………………………… .

1. she was alone in her life after his death.
2. it was a token of respect to the beggar.
3. she was rich and so she wanted to help.

Answer:
Meena sponsored the granddaughter of the beggar because it was a token of respect to the beggar.

1. she was alone in her life after his death.
2. it was a token of respect to the beggar.
3. she was rich and so she wanted to help.

4. How did the beggar change Meena’s attitude? Discuss with your partner Complete the following web.

Question 1.
How did the beggar change Meena’s attitude? Complete the following web with the help of the information from this passage:

(Answer is directly given.)
Answer:

5. Write in your own words:

Question (A)
How did Meena show her gratitude to her guru?

Question (B)
Why would Meena be sad initially? Give reasons. Pick out sentences from the passage which prove that Meena was a pessimist.

1. She was forever unhappy.
2. ………………………………………….. .
3. ………………………………………….. .
4. ………………………………………….. .
5. ………………………………………….. .
6. ………………………………………….. .

Answer:

1. She was forever unhappy.
2. Whenever author met her, she would start to feel depressed.
3. Her gloom and cynicism had a way of spreading to others.
4. She never had anything positive to say about anything.
5. She always had negative responses to everyone and everything.
6. She would be pessimist all the time.

6. Find antonyms of the following words from the story.

Question (A)
Find antonyms of the following words from the story.

1. optimistic × ………………
2. drizzle × ………………
3. lie × ………………
4. new × ………………
5. ugly × ………………
6. frowned × ………………
7. hell × ………………
8. unhappy × ………………
9. disrespect × ………………
10. unimportant × ………………

Answer:

1. optimistic × pessimistic
2. drizzle × pouring
3. lie × truth
4. new × old
5. ugly × beautiful
6. frowned × laughed
7. hell × paradise
8. unhappy × happy
9. disrespect × respect
10. unimportant × important

Question (B)
Go through the points below showing Meena’s encounter with the beggar that transformed her completely. The sequence of events are jumbled up below. Arrange the events according to the occurrence. Fill in the number as per sequence.

Answer:

7. How did the beggar change Meena’s attitude towards life? Write it down in 5 to 6 lines.

Question 1.
How did the beggar change Meena’s attitude towards life? Write it down in 5 to 6 lines.

1. The incident made Meena to look at her own life.
2. ……………………………………………………………………… .
3. ……………………………………………………………………… .
4. ……………………………………………………………………… .
5. ……………………………………………………………………… .
6. ……………………………………………………………………… .

Answer:

1. The incident made Meena to look at her own life.
2. She realized that she had many comforts of which they had none.
3. But they knew how to be happy with life as it was.
4. She found that she had more to be grateful for than most people could imagine.
5. She felt ashamed of herself.
6. She decided to change her attitude towards her life.

8. Summarise the story with the help of the points given below.

Question 1.
Summarise the story with the help of the points given below.
(a) Meena’s initial attitude
(b) Meena’s meeting with Sudha Murthy in Mumbai.
(c) Beggar’s incident
(d) Change in attitude.

Answer:
Meena and Sudha were very good friends. Meena was an LIC officer and earning a good salary. But she was always unhappy and never had anything I positive to say on any subject or about any person. So whenever Sudha met her, she would start to feel depressed. Meena stayed alone in an apartment and had the habit of complaining about anything and everything; she wasn’t a very pleasant company and nobody wanted to visit her.

After some days Meena was transferred to Bombay and soon Sudha forgot about her. Many years later, Sudha was caught in the rain at Bombay’s Flora Fountain. She didn’t have an umbrella. She was standing near Akbarallys and waiting for the rain to stop. Suddenly she saw Meena. But her first reaction was to run. She was anxious to avoid being seen by her. But she couldn’t escape.

Meena saw her and caught hold of her hands ; warmly. She was very cheerful and excited to meet Sudha. She was also ready to get wet and walk in the rain. But Sudha was so surprised that she couldn’t believe she is meeting her pessimistic friend Meena. So she enthusiastically asked her, “Was there a Prince Charming who had managed to change her so?”

Meena told her there wasn’t anybody like that but a beggar changed her life who used to stay in front of her house with his five-years-old granddaughter. She used to give her leftover to that beggar everyday. One monsoon day she was surprised to see the beggar. As it was raining heavily, she couldn’t give anything to that beggar. She didn’t want to get wet in that pouring rain she was just looking out of her bedroom window when she saw the beggar and the young girl were playing on the road because there was no traffic.

They were enjoying the rain and laughing, clapping and screaming joyously as if they were in paradise. Hunger and rain did not matter. They were totally drenched but totally happy. That scene forced Meena to look at her own life. Even though she had so many comforts, none of which they had. But they had the most important of all assets one which she lacked.

They knew how to be happy with life as it was. So she decided to change her attitude towards life using the beggar as her role model. It took her almost two years to put the change into effect but now she finds happiness in every small thing, in every situation and in every person.

Sudha was surprised to listen to the changed story of her friend and asked Meena enthusiastically, whether she had given any gurudakshina to her guru or not. But Meena told her that the beggar was dead and she had sponsored his granddaughter to a boarding school as a mark of respect to him. Sudha was stunned but happy to hear the changed story and attitude of her friend.

9. Write the above summary making Meena the narrator. Begin with I worked in Bangalore in LIC. Sudha was my school friend …………..

Question 1.
Write the above summary making Meena the narrator. Begin with I worked in Bangalore in LIC. Sudha was my school friend …………..
Answer:

Lesson in a Life from A Beggar

I worked in Bangalore in LIC. Sudha was my good friend, living in the same city. Being pessimistic and having the habit of complaining about anything and everything, nobody was friendly with me. One day I was transferred to Mumbai and no one was in contact with me.
[Note: Students should try to complete the remaining part of summary of the story as told by Meena, in their notebook.]

Project:

Question 1.
Divide the class in four groups. Collect four different stories written by Sudha Murthy. Select a story for every group and write it in the form of a play. Enact it in front of the class.

Language Study:

1. Punctuate the following sentences:

Question 1.
(a) did you give any gurudakshina to your guru i asked.
(b) no there isnt anyone like that she said.
Answer:
(a) “Did you give any gurudakshina to your guru?” I asked.

2. Add a suffix to the following words and make nouns.

Question (a)
Add a suffix to the following words and make nouns.

1. kind
2. happy
3. ignore
4. assure
5. imagine
6. depute
7. manage
8. assess

Answer:
1. Always be kind to poor, needy and disabled people in the society.
2. Why don’t you look happy today?
[Note : Students may frame sentences based on the remaining words on their own.]

Question (b)
Make four words (minimum 3 letters each). Using letters from the word ‘Pessimistic’.

1. ………………….
2. ………………….
3. ………………….
4. ………………….

Answer:

1. Pessimist,
2. mist,
3. pest,
4. pet

3. Change into indirect speech:

Question (a)
“Meena, it’s a beautiful day.” I said.
Answer:
I told Meena that it was a beautiful day.

Question (b)
“Hey! I am really excited. It’s nice to meet old friends. What are you doing here?” Meena said to the writer.
Answer:
Meena exclaimed with excitement (joy) that it was nice to meet old friends. She further asked the writer what she was doing there.

Question (c)
“We won’t get a taxi in this rain,” I grumbled,
Answer:
I grumbled that we would not get a taxi in that rain.

Question (d)
“So what? We’ll buy an umbrella and then go to the Grand Hotel,” she said.
Answer:
Meena insistently asked her (the writer) what difference could it make and further told her that they would buy an umbrella and then go to the Grand Hotel.

Question (e)
“Did you give any gurudakshina to your Guru?” I asked.
Answer:
I asked her if she had given any gurudakshina to her guru.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 3.2 A Lesson in Life from a Beggar Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. Meena was a good friend of the writer.
2. The writer was caught in the rain at Bombay’s Flora Fountain.

Question 2.
What is meant by ‘She never had anything positive to say’?
Answer:
It meant that her thoughts and actions had always been negative.

Question 3.
Who said to whom?
Answer:

Sentence	Who said	To whom
1. “Let’s chat.”	Meena	To the writer
2. “We won’t get a taxi in this rain.”	The writer	Meena
3. “Then, what’s the secret of your energy?”	The writer	Meena
4. “A beggar changed my life.”	Meena	The writer

Question 4.
State whether the following statements are Right or Wrong. Correct the wrong ones:
Answer:

1. This wasn’t the same Meena that the writer had known. – Right
2. The writer bought an umbrella and went to the Grand Hotel with Meena.
   Corrected sentence: Instead of buying an umbrella they walked to the Hotel in rain. – Wrong
3. There was a Prince Charming in Meena’s life who managed to change her.
   Corrected sentence: A beggar had changed Meenas life. – Wrong
4. There was no change in Meena’s behaviour.
   Corrected sentence: Meena’s behaviour was completely changed. – Wrong

Question 5.
State whether the following statements are Right or Wrong. Correct the wrong ones :
Answer:

1. Rakesh’s father is a school teacher. [✓]
2. The writer was transferred to Bombay.
   Corrected sentence: The writer was in Bombay on an official work. [✗]
3. Meena is always pessimistic. [✓]
4. Meena had the habit of complaining about anything and everything. [✓]

Question 6.
Read the passage and fill in the blanks:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. Meena was a chronic pessimist.
2. A begger changed Meena’s life.
3. The begger lived with his five-year old grand daughter.
4. The beggars were playing on the road because there was no traffic.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What was Meena’s nature like?
Answer:
There was always something strange about Meena. She was always unhappy. Any person who came in contact with her would feel depressed. Her thoughts were negative about everything and about every person.

Question 2.
Arrange the following sentences in proper sequence according to their occurrence in the passage:

1. Many years later the writer saw Meena at Bombay’s Flora Fountain in pouring rain.
2. Unfortunately Meena saw the writer and caught hold of her hands warmly.
3. Meena was really excited to meet her old friend.
4. The writer wanted to avoid her for her never ending complaints.

Answer:

1. Many years later the writer saw Meena at Bombay’s Flora Fountain in pouring rain.
2. The writer wanted to avoid her for her never ending complaints.
3. Unfortunately Meena saw the writer and caught hold of her hands warmly.
4. Meena was really excited to meet her old friend.

Question 3.
Complete the following sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. Old wine, old friends and memories are precious and rare.
2. A few strands of grey in her hair had reminded the writer that years had passed.
3. Meena was ready to make any number of adjustments.
4. The only thought in the writer’s mind was to find out who or what had brought about such a change in the pessimistic Meena.

Choose the correct alternative and complete the following sentences: (Answers are directly given and underlined.)

1. The only thought in the writer’s mind till they reached the Grand Hotel was what had brought about such a change in Meena.

1. why the rain was not stopping.
2. what had brought about such a change in Meena.
3. how the beggar had changed the entire life of Meena.

2. The writer wanted to attend a dinner.

1. a marriage party.
2. a dinner.
3. a birthday party.

3. When the writer met Meena in a pouring rain, she was ready to make any number of adjustments.

1. make any number of adjustments.
2. get wet in the rain.
3. buy an umbrella for them.

4. A beggar had managed to change Meena.

1. a Prince Charming,
2. The writer.
3. A beggar.

Question 4.
What surprised the writer?
Answer:
The writer was greatly surprised by the difference in Meena’s attitude of bygone days. She looked happy and was smiling. That was not the same Meena the writer had known. She seemed ready to make any number of adjustments.

Question 5.
Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the sentences:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:
1. The writer took almost two years to put the change into effect.

1. three years
2. two years
3. five years

2. The beggar and his granddaughter were enjoying the rain as if they were in paradise.

1. in paradise
2. in a palace
3. in front of the writer’s house

3. Attitude towards life was the most important of all assets, that the beggar and his granddaughter had but the writer was lacking.

1. Attitude towards life
2. So many comforts
3. Hunger

Question 6.
Complete the web:
(Answer is directly given.)
Answer:

Question 7.
What lesson did Meena learn from her Guru-the beggar?
Answer:
From her Guru-the beggar, Meena learnt how to be happy with life as it was. She also learnt to find happiness in every small thing, in every situation and in every person.

Question 8.
What did Meena do to show gratitude to her Guru?
Answer:
Meena changed her attitude towards life using the beggar as her role model. Unfortunately, by the time she understood things, he was dead. So she sponsored his granddaughter to a boarding school as a mark of respect to him.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

1. Find antonyms of the following words from the passage:

Question 1.

1. bad
2. never
3. negative
4. cold.

Answer:

1. bad × good
2. never × always
3. negative × positive
4. cold × hot

Question 2.
Match the following:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
1. gloom	(a) to abate
2. cynicism	(b) expecting the worst
3. subside	(c) feeling of sadness
4. pessimistic	(d) a distrustful attitude

Answer:

1. gloom – feeling of sadness
2. cynicism – a distrustful attitude
3. subside – to abate
4. pessimistic – expecting the worst

Question 3.
Add suffix to the following words and make nouns:
(a) good
(b) happy
(c) assure
(d) feel
(e) achieve
(f) strange
(g) popular
(h) excite.
Answer:
(a) goodness
(b) happiness
(c) assurance
(d) feeling
(e) achievement
(f) stranger
(g) popularity
(h) excitement

Question 4.
Find out synonyms for the following from the passage :

1. inquisitive
2. displeased
3. attractive
4. valued.

Answer:

1. inquisitive – curious
2. displeased – disappointed
3. attractive – charming
4. valued – precious

Question 5.
Find the antonyms of the following from the passage:

1. dry
2. common
3. wrong.

Answer:

1. dry × drenched
2. common × rare
3. wrong × right

Question 6.
Write four words that have ‘ness’ as suffix :
Example – happiness
Answer:

1. kindness
2. boldness
3. greediness
4. greatness

Question 7.
Write two words that have ‘re’ as prefix :
Example – reassure
Answer:

1. rekindle
2. reappear
3. reinforce
4. repay

Question 8.
Find synonyms for the following words from the passage:
(a) heaven
(b) happily
(c) rainy
(d) very surprised
Answer:
(a) Paradise
(b) Joyously
(c) Monsoon
(d) Dumbfounded.

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Make the following sentences negative:

Question 1.
She was forever unhappy.
Answer:
She was never happy.

Question 2.
Meena was a pessimistic girl.
Answer:
Meena was not an optimistic girl.

Choose the correct alternative of afffirmative sentence.

Question 1.
She wasn’t a very pleasant company.
(a) She was a very unpleasant company.
(b) She wasn’t a very unpleasant company.
(c) She was a very pleasant company.
(d) She was a very beautiful company.
Answer:
She was a very unpleasant company.

Question 2.
Make it exclamatory:
She was very cheerful.
Answer:
How cheerful she was!

Question 3.
Shwetha is a very beautiful girl.
(Choose correct alternative of exclamatory sentence.)
(a) How beautiful girl Shwetha is!
(b) What a beautiful girl Shwetha is!
(c) What a beautiful girl Shwetha was!
(d) What a beautiful girl is Shwetha!
Answer:
What a beautiful girl Shwetha is!

Question 4.
Complete the following table:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Present Tense	Past Tense	Past Participle
1. see	saw	seen
2. pour	poured	poured
3. bring	brought	brought
4. know	knew	known

Make the following sentences affirmative:

Question 1.
I couldn’t believe it.
Answer:
I was unable to believe it.
OR
I could hardly believed it.

Question 2.
I can’t stay with you tonight.
Answer:
I am unable to stay with you tonight.

Choose the correct tail tag for the following sentences from the brackets:
(wasn’t she?, will we?, were here?, weren’t there?,will you?, won’t you?)

Question 1.
We wont get a taxi in this rain;
Answer:
will we?

Question 2.
There were a few wrinkles in her face;
Answer:
weren’t there?

Question 3.
Give me your card,
Answer:
will you?

Question 4.
Meena was surprised by my question,
Answer:
wasn’t she?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Would you avoid your friend, if you are meeting himher after a long time?
Answer:
Welcoming or avoiding our old friend totally depends upon how close you are with that person. If you are really close to some friend by heart and soul you will never avoid himher even if you are meeting himher after a long time. Whereas we always wait for such occasions to meet our old buddies.

Question 2.
What is meant by ‘ Meena never had anything positive to say ’?
Answer:
Meena was always pessimistic in her life. Whoever said or asked anything, her answer was always negative. She never thought positively. It was her habit to take everything negatively. So the writer said “Meena never had anything positive to say.”

Question 3.
What, according to you, is the difference between an optimistic person and a pessimistic person?
Answer:
According to me, an optimist enjoys every moment. Optimists are confident and hopeful in themselves and believe they can overcome whatever life throws at them and continue on their way. Pessimists always have negative thoughts. They always feel defeated. They are never hopeful and lose confidence. Pessimists are unhappy and gloomy.

Question 4.
Change is the law of life-Explain.
Answer:
Change is the law of life. And those who look only at the past or present are certain to miss the future. Change is inevitable. We can’t ignore it. Changing means doing something new and challenging. That gives you a great joy of life. If we do not change ourselves, we cannot enjoy our life to the fullest.

Question 5.
Is it possible to bring change in our life like Meena?
Answer:
Yes, it is definitely possible to bring change like Meena in our life also. We can learn a lot from the examples and attitudes of other less-gifted people. If we have clear (good) conscience and we are determined to act according to it, we can surely | change our behaviour, attitude towards our life like Meena.

Question 6.
Describe an experience, where somebody has changed your way of looking at life.
Answer:
Once while travelling by a bus, I came across one of my friends with whom I had a quarrel on a petty thing. I ignored him and asked the conductor to give a ticket by giving a 100-rupee note.

The conductor had no change so he told me to get down and come by another bus. I was about to get down when my friend came forward and paid for my ticket. I felt ashamed and asked him to pardon me. The incident changed my attitude about him and now we are friends forever.

Question 7.
According to you, how can we help beggars?
Answer:
We should convince beggars that begging is not good. We should tell them the importance of ‘Self respect.’ If possible we will provide them opportunities to earn money and insist them to give up begging.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
They were laughing and screaming.
(Choose the correct option of ‘Not only-but also’)
(a) They were not only but also laughing and screaming.
(b) They were not only laughing but also screaming.
(c) They were laughing not only but also screaming.
(d) They were not only laughing and but also screaming.
Answer:
(b) They were not only laughing but also screaming.

Question 2.
He used to stay in front of my house.
(Rewrite the sentence by using ‘would’)
Answer:
He would stay in front of my house.

Change the voice:

Question 1.
That scene forced me to look at my own life.
(Begin the sentence with “I )
Answer:
I was forced to look at my own life by that scene.

Question 2.
I find happiness in every small thing in every situation and in every person.
(Begin the sentence with “Happiness ….)
Answer:
Happiness is found in every small thing, in every situation and in every person by me.

1. Attempt anyone:

Question (a)
Make a meaningful sentence by using given phrase: ‘in the pursuit of’
Answer:
In the age of technology everyone is in the pursuit of money.

OR

Question (b)
Add a clause to expand the following sentence meaningfully.
My friend is an LIC Officer ……………
Answer:
My friend is an LIC Officer who stays at Nagpur.

2. Attempt any one:

Question (a)
Add a prefix or suffix make new words :
Note: Two words will be given in the activity sheet.
(a) kind
(b) happy
(c) ignore
(d) assure
(e) imagine
(f) depute
(g) manage
(h) assess
Answer:
(a) kindness, unkind.
(b) unhappy, happiness
(c) ignorance
(d) assurance
(e) imagine
(f) deputation
(g) management, mismanage
(h) assessment,

Activities based on Language Study:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using correct letters:
Answer:

1. g _ oo _ – gloom
2. y o_n g – young
3. p r o_f – proof
4. t o_c h – touch

Question 2.
Put the words in alphabetical order:
1. chronic, squeezing, assets, zest.
2. pleasant, parents, paradise, pause.
Answer:
1. assets, chronic, squeezing, zest.
2. paradise, parents, pause, pleasant.

Question 3.
Punctuate the following sentences:
then whats the secret of your energy i asked
Answer:
“Then, what’s the secret of your energy?” I asked.

Question 4.
Write related words as shown in the example:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 5.
Complete the word-chain of ‘nouns’. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word:
friend, → d …………, …………., …………, ………….,
Answer:
friend → dream , minute , elephant , thief.

Projects Task:

Question 1.
Find out more about Sudha Murthy and her writing from the internet.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Solutions Hindi Lokvani Chapter 5 अनोखे राष्ट्रपति Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Lokvani Solutions Chapter 5 अनोखे राष्ट्रपति

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Digest Chapter 5 अनोखे राष्ट्रपति Textbook Questions and Answers

सूचना के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

(१) संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए:

Answer:

(२) कृति में जानकारी लिखिए:

Answer:

(३) उत्तर लिखिए:

Answer:

(४) निम्नलिखित शब्दों के प्रत्यय और मूलशब्द अलग करके लिखिए:

Answer:

(५) उपसर्ग तथा प्रत्यययुक्त शब्द बनाकर लिखिए:

Answer:

अभिव्यक्ति

‘सादा जीवन, उच्च विचार’ विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
सादा जीवन यानी सादगी से भरा जीवन। सादे जीवन में सौंदर्य होता है। ऐसा जीवन तन को ही नहीं मन को भी सुंदर बना देता है। सुंदर शरीर और शांत मन ही उच्च विचार को प्रेरित करता है। यदि व्यक्ति को अपने जीवन में सफल होना है, तो उसे ‘सादा जीवन उच्च विचार’ इस सिद्धांत का पालन करना चाहिए। जीवन का सच्चा लाभ आराम का जीवन बिताने में नहीं, बल्कि महान बनने में है।

सफल महापुरुषों के जीवन में प्रकाश डालने से हमें पता चलता है कि उन्होंने ‘सादा जीवन व उच्च विचार’ को अपने जीवन में उतारा है। जीवन में सादगी लाना बहुत ही बड़ा महान गुण है। इसे स्वीकार करने से व्यक्ति तुच्छ विचारों को अपने हृदय से दूर कर देता है। सादगी से भरा जीवन व्यतीत करने वाले व्यक्ति के पास गहरी संवेदना होती हैं जो व्यक्तित्व को गरिमा प्रदान करती है। इसलिए व्यक्ति को ‘सादा जीवन व उच्च विचार’ इस सिद्धांत को अपने जीवन में उतारना चाहिए।

भाषा बिंदु

(१) निम्नलिखित संधि विच्छेद की संधि कीजिए और भेद लिखिए:

Answer:

(२) निम्नलिखित शब्दों का संधि विच्छेद कीजिए और भेद लिखिए:

Answer:

(३) निम्नलिखित शब्दों का विच्छेद कीजिए और संधि भेद लिखिए:

Answer:

(४) पाठों में आए संधि शब्द छाँटकर उनका विच्छेद कीजिए और संधि का भेद लिखिए।

Answer:

उपयोजित लेखन

‘यदि मैं शिक्षा मंत्री होता —–‘ विषय पर लगभग सौ शब्दों में निबंध उपयोजित लेखन लिखिए।
Answer:
यदि मैं शिक्षा मंत्री होता….. जीवन में शिक्षा का अत्यधिक महत्त्व है। शिक्षा के द्वारा व्यक्ति का मानसिक, सामाजिक, बौद्धिक व आर्थिक विकास होता है। शिक्षा मंत्रालय द्वारा देश के पाठ्यक्रम एवं शिक्षा प्रणाली पर ध्यान रखा जाता है। शिक्षा मंत्री शिक्षा मंत्रालय के प्रमुख होते हैं। देश में शिक्षा प्रणाली सुचारू रूप से कार्यान्वित हो रही है या नहीं, इस पर ध्यान एवं नियंत्रण रखने का कार्य शिक्षा मंत्री करते हैं। सचमुच शिक्षा मंत्री एक बहुत बड़ा महत्त्वपूर्ण पद है। मैं भी भविष्य में बड़ा होकर देश का शिक्षा मंत्री बनना चाहता हूँ।

जब मैं शिक्षा मंत्री बनूँगा; तब मैं संपूर्ण देश में शिक्षा का कार्य सुचारू रूप से हो रहा है या नहीं इस पर ध्यान रखूगा। देश की संपूर्ण शिक्षा प्रणाली में एकरूपता लाने हेतु में सभी शिक्षा मंडलों का एकीकरण करूँगा; जिससे देश में एक ही प्रकार की शिक्षा प्रणाली सभी के लिए उपलब्ध हो सके। आज कई स्कूल एवं महाविद्यालयों की हालत बहुत ही दयनीय है। कई स्कूलों में संसाधनों की कमी है। कई स्कूलों में छात्रों को बैठने के लिए कुर्सियाँ तथा पर्याप्त शैक्षणिक साधन भी नहीं है। कई स्कूलों में पर्याप्त मात्रा में शिक्षक उपलब्ध नहीं हैं। इन सारी समस्याओं को तुरंत सुलझाने के लिए मैं शिक्षा मंत्री होने के नाते एक समिति की स्थापना करूँगा। इससे किसी भी नगर या गाँव का छात्र शिक्षा के मूलभूत अधिकारों से वंचित नहीं रह पाएगा।

संपूर्ण देश के पाठ्यक्रम में मैं समयानुसार परिवर्तन करने हेतु विद्वान सदस्यों की एक समिति गठित करूँगा; ताकि भूमंडलीकरण एवं विज्ञान-तकनीकी के इस युग में भारतीय छात्र आगे ही आगे बढ़ सकें। आज हमारे देश में शिक्षकों को दिया जाने वाला वेतन बहुत ही कम है। इसके लिए मैं शिक्षकों के लिए एक नए वेतनमान प्रणाली की शुरुआत करूँगा, जिससे अच्छे से अच्छे उम्मीदवार शिक्षा क्षेत्र से जुड़कर ज्ञान के प्रचार-प्रसार का पवित्र कार्य करने के लिए आगे आ सकें। अब तो बस, यही मेरा ध्येय है। इसे साकार करने के लिए सर्वप्रथम मुझे मन लगाकर पढ़ना होगा। फिर मैं अपने विचारों को वास्तविक रूप में परिवर्तित कर सकता हूँ।

Hindi Lokvani 10th Std Textbook Solutions Chapter 5 अनोखे राष्ट्रपति Additional Important Questions and Answers

निम्नलिखित पद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति अ (१): आकलन कृति

कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Answer:

समझकर लिखिए।

Question 1.
सच्चे व्यक्तित्व की विशेषता
Answer:
सच्चे व्यक्तित्व में कुछ जोड़ना घटाना संभव नहीं है।

निम्नलिखित विधान सत्य है या असत्य लिखिए।

Question 1.
लेखिका ने राजेंद्र बाबू को सर्वप्रथम गद्यात्मक वातावरण में देखा।
Answer:
सत्य

Question 2.
सत्य में से जोड़ना या घटाना असंभव नहीं रहता।
Answer:
असत्य

कृति अ (२) : शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के अर्थ गद्यांश में से ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।

1. नजर
2. प्रणाम
3. पक्षी
4. याद

Answer:

1. दृष्टि
2. अभिवादन
3. विहंगम
4. स्मृति

निम्नलिखित अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
व्यक्ति की विशेषता या गुण
Answer:
व्यक्तित्व

Question 2.
शीत ऋतु में होनेवाली छुट्टियाँ
Answer:
शीतावकाश

निम्नलिखित शब्द के अनेकार्थी शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
विहंगम
Answer:
पक्षी, नभ यात्री, सम्यक

Question 2.
गद्यांश में प्रयुक्त एक विलोम शब्द की जोड़ी लिखिए।
Answer:
जोड़ना x घटाना

निम्नलिखित शब्द के उपसर्गयुक्त व प्रत्यययुक्त शब्द बनाइए।

Question 1.
सत्य
Answer:
उपसर्गयुक्त शब्द – असत्य, प्रत्यययुक्त शब्द – सत्यवादी

Question 2.
संभव
Answer:
उपसर्गयुक्त शब्द – असंभव, प्रत्यययुक्त शब्द – संभावित

लिंग बदलिए।

1. बाबू
2. भाई

Answer:

1. बबुआइन
2. बहन

कृति अ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
सच्चे व्यक्तित्व की पहचान का आधार बताइए।
Answer:
सच्चा व्यक्तित्व हर समय वास्तविक होता है। सच्चे व्यक्ति का चरित्र प्रकाश की तरह दिव्य व पावन होता है। उसके चरित्र बल के आलोक से लोगों को प्रेरणा मिलती है। उसके विचार आदर्शवादी होते हैं। वह अपने विचारों से ही स्वयं के चरित्र का निर्माण करता है। वह दूसरों की भावनाओं को समझता है। उसके पास दया, प्रेम, करुणा, क्षमा आदि मानवीय गुण होते हैं। वह सदैव दूसरों के हित के बारे में ही सोचता रहता है।

वह कभी भी स्वयं के स्वार्थ का विचार नहीं करता है। उसका जीवन सादा होता है। ‘सादा जीवन व उच्च विचार’ ही उसके जीवन का मूलमंत्र होता है। सच्चे व्यक्तित्व वाला व्यक्ति दूसरों की परेशानियों को अपने हृदय के भीतर महसूस करता है और दूसरों को पीड़ा से मुक्ति दिलाने हेतु प्रयास करता है। वह स्वयं तकलीफों में रहकर दूसरों के जीवन में खुशियाँ निर्माण करता है। प्रश्न २ (आ) निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

कृति आ (२): शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. रोमिल
2. भृकुटी
3. ठुड्डी
4. वेशभूषा

Answer:

1. रोयेंदार
2. भौंह
3. ठोढ़ी
4. पहनावा

अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
स्वच्छंद रहने के भाव
Answer:
स्वच्छंदतावाद

विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. ग्रामीण x ….
2. आवरण x …..

Answer:

1. ग्रामीण x शहरी
2. आवरण x अनावरण

Question 1.
गद्यांश में प्रयुक्त विलोम शब्द की जोड़ी ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:

• दाहिना x बाँया
• ऊपर x नीचे

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के वचन बदलिए।

1. फेंटा
2. धोती
3. टोपी
4. भृकुटी

Answer:

1. फेंटे
2. धोतियाँ
3. टोपियाँ
4. भृकुटियाँ

निम्नलिखित शब्दों में उचित प्रत्यय लगाइए।

1. शरीर
2. दृष्टी

Answer:

1. शारीरिक
2. दृष्टिहीन

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में विराम चिह्न का उचित प्रयोग कीजिए।

Question 1.
क्या गांधी टोपी की स्थिति और भी विचित्र नहीं थी
Answer:
क्या गांधी टोपी की स्थिति और भी विचित्र नहीं थी?

कृति आ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
‘व्यक्तित्व का आईना होती है वेशभूषा।’ विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
व्यक्ति का पहनावा या उसकी वेशभूषा उसके व्यक्तित्व का आईना होती है। वह मानव के संपूर्ण जीवन को प्रभावित करती है। यदि आप किसी औपचारिक मीटिंग या कार्यालय में जा रहे हैं तो आप रंग-बिरंगी टी-शर्ट और शॉर्टस् पहनकर जाते हैं तो आप हँसी के पात्र बन सकते हैं या आपके व्यक्तित्व पर इसका गलत असर पड़ सकता है।

यदि आप अनौपचारिक समारोह या पार्टी में सुट पहन कर जाएंगे, तो भी आप बचकाने लगेंगे। यदि व्यक्ति पदवी या पद में बड़ा है; तो उसकी वेशभूषा उसके अनुसार या उससे अधिक फॉर्मल होनी चाहिए। व्यक्ति को स्वच्छ एवं साफ-सुथरे कपड़े पहनने चाहिए। कपड़े अच्छी तरह से प्रेस होने चाहिए। वेशभूषा सादगी से युक्त होनी चाहिए। स्वामी विवेकानंद धोती, कुर्ता व पगड़ी पहनकर विदेश में गए थे। व्यक्ति को अपनी संस्कृति की वेशभूषा में रहना अधिक उचित और श्रेयस्कर है।

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।
कृति इ (१): आकलन

ऐसे प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिनके उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हो

Question 1.
भारतीय कृषक
Answer:
राजेंद्र बाबू अपने स्वभाव एवं रहन-सहन में किसका प्रतिनिधित्व करते थे ?

Question 2.
राजेंद्र बाबू
Answer:
लेखिका को किसकी मुखाकृति देखकर ऐसा लगता था मानो उन्हें पहले कहीं देखा है?

सही विकल्प चुनकर वाक्य पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.
राजेंद्र बाबू को देखने वालों को कोई-न-कोई आकृति या व्यक्ति स्मरण हो आता था क्योंकि …..
(अ) उनके शरीर के संपूर्ण गठन में एक असामान्य भारतीय जन की आकृति और गठन की छाया थी।
(आ) उनके शरीर के संपूर्ण गठन में एक सामान्य भारतीय जन की आकृति और गठन की छाया थी।
(इ) उनके शरीर के संपूर्ण गठन में एक महापुरुष की आकृति और गठन की छाया थी।
Answer:
राजेंद्र बाबू को देखने वालों को कोई-न-कोई आकृति या व्यक्ति स्मरण हो आता था क्योंकि उनके शरीर के संपूर्ण गठन में एक सामान्य भारतीय जन की आकृति और गठन की छाया थी।

समझकर लिखिए।

Answer:

कृति इ (२) : शब्द संपदा

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:

• साथ – साथ
• रहन – सहन

वचन बदलिए।

1. आकृति
2. अनुभूति
3. संवेदना

Answer:

1. आकृतियाँ
2. अनुभूतियाँ
3. संवेदनाएँ

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से प्रत्यययुक्त शब्द ढूँढकर लिखिए।
Answer:
प्रत्यययुक्त शब्द : व्यापकता, सामान्यता, विशिष्टता प्रत्यययुक्त शब्द : गहराई

Question 2.
‘अनुभव’ इस शब्द में निहित उपसर्ग से अन्य दो शब्द बनाकर लिखिए।
Answer:
अनुभव – उपसर्ग : अनु ।
नए शब्द –
अनुकरण
अनुसरण

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. समान x ……..
2. सामान्य x ….

Answer:

1. समान x असमान
2. सामान्य x असामान्य

नीचे दिए शब्द के लिए श्रुतिसम भिन्नार्थक शब्द लिखिए।

1. समान
2. प्रतिभा
3. उपरांत

Answer:

1. सामान
2. प्रतिमा
3. अपरांत

कृति इ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
‘सादा जीवन उच्च विचार’ विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
सादा जीवन यानी सादगी से भरा जीवन। सादे जीवन में सौंदर्य होता है। ऐसा जीवन तन को ही नहीं मन को भी सुंदर बना देता है। सुंदर शरीर और शांत मन ही उच्च विचार को प्रेरित करता है। यदि व्यक्ति को अपने जीवन में सफल होना है, तो उसे ‘सादा जीवन उच्च विचार’ इस सिद्धांत का पालन करना चाहिए। जीवन का सच्चा लाभ आराम का जीवन बिताने में नहीं, बल्कि महान बनने में है।

सफल महापुरुषों के जीवन में प्रकाश डालने से हमें पता चलता है कि उन्होंने ‘सादा जीवन व उच्च विचार’ को अपने जीवन में उतारा है। जीवन में सादगी लाना बहुत ही बड़ा महान गुण है। इसे स्वीकार करने से व्यक्ति तुच्छ विचारों को अपने हृदय से दूर कर देता है। सादगी से भरा जीवन व्यतीत करने वाले व्यक्ति के पास गहरी संवेदना होती हैं जो व्यक्तित्व को गरिमा प्रदान करती है। इसलिए व्यक्ति को ‘सादा जीवन व उच्च विचार’ इस सिद्धांत को अपने जीवन में उतारना चाहिए।

गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।
कृति ई (१) : आकलन कृति
कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

निम्नलिखित गलत विधान सही करके लिखिए।

Question 1.
राजेंद्र बाबू चक्रधर जी के निजी सचिव थे।
Answer:
चक्रधर जी राजेंद्र बाबू के निजी सचिव थे।

Question 2.
राष्ट्रपति के रूप में राजेंद्र बाबू महिला विद्यापीठ का शिलान्यास करने प्रयाग आए।
Answer:
काँग्रेस के अध्यक्ष के रूप में राजेंद्र बाबू महिला विद्यापीठ का शिलान्यास करने प्रयाग आए।

गद्यांश पढ़कर ऐसे प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिनके उत्तर निम्न शब्द हाँ

Question 1.
सन १९३७
Answer:
महिला विद्यापीठ का शिलान्यास करने राजेंद्र बाबू प्रयाग कब आए थे?

Question 2.
पंद्रह-सोलह
Answer:
राजेंद्र बाबू के संयुक्त परिवार में कितनी पौत्रियाँ थी?

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
राजेंद्र बाबू की पत्नी प्रयाग आती थीं।
Answer:
उनकी पौत्रियाँ प्रयाग में महिला विद्यापीठ के छात्रावास में रहकर पढ़ाई करती थीं। अत: उन्हें मिलने के लिए राजेंद्र बाबू की पत्नी प्रयाग आती थीं।

कृति ई (२) : शब्द संपदा
निम्नलिखित वाक्य में विरामचिह्नों का उचित प्रयोग कीजिए।

Question 1.
राजेंद्र बाबू के पुराने परिधान से अपने आपको प्रसाधित कर कितना कृतार्थता का अनुभव किया था चक्रधर जी ने
Answer:
राजेंद्र बाबू के पुराने परिधान से अपने आपको प्रसाधित कर कितना कृतार्थता का अनुभव किया था चक्रधर जी ने !

लिंग बदलिए।

1. अध्यक्ष
2. पौत्री
3. स्वामी
4. दादा

Answer:

1. अध्यक्षा
2. पौत्र
3. स्वामिनी
4. दादी

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:

• ताने – बाने
• पंद्रह – सोलह
• अस्त – व्यस्तता
• गुरु – शिष्य
• स्वामी – सेवक
• कभी – कभी

निम्नलिखित शब्द के लिए समश्रुतभिन्नार्थक शब्द लिखिए।

1. सज्जा
2. सहेज

Answer:

1. सजा
2. सहज

Question 1.
‘ममतालु’ इस शब्द में से प्रत्यय अलग कीजिए और संबंधित प्रत्यय लगाकर अन्य दो शब्द बनाइए।
Answer:
ममतालु : शब्द : ममता प्रत्यय : आलु ।
अन्य शब्द :

• कृपालु
• श्रद्धालु

कृति ई (३) : अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
‘नारी जीवन में शिक्षा का अनन्यसाधारण महत्त्व है।’ इस विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
जिस प्रकार पुरुष समाज का अहम् हिस्सा है ठीक उसी प्रकार नारी भी समाज का महत्त्वपूर्ण अंग है। समाज की उन्नति के लिए स्वी का महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान होता है। अत: समाज में नारी शिक्षा को महत्त्व दिया जाता है। स्वतंत्रता के समय हमारे देश में स्त्रियों की शिक्षा की उचित व्यवस्था नहीं थी। धीरे-धीरे स्थिति में बदलाव होना शुरू हुआ।

आज भारत में लड़कियों के लिए अलग स्कूल, महाविद्यालय एवं विश्व विद्यालय खोले जा रहे हैं ताकि ज्यादा से ज्यादा संख्या में वे शिक्षा ग्रहण कर सकें। शिक्षा के कारण नारी अपने अधिकार एवं कर्तव्यों के प्रति सजग हो गई है। वह धीरे-धीरे आत्मनिर्भर बन रहीं हैं। एक पढ़ी-लिखी स्त्री अपने परिवार को ठीक से चला सकती है। वह नौकरी करके अपने परिवार को आर्थिक सहयोग देती है। इस प्रकार अनेक दृष्टियों से नारी जीवन में शिक्षा का अनन्यसाधारण महत्व है।

गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति उ (१): आकलन कृति

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
राजेंद्र बाबू की पत्नी की रीढ़ की हड्डी झुक गई थी।
Answer:
क्योंकि उन्हें जमींदार परिवार की परंपरा के अनुसार घंटों तक सिर नीचा करके एकासन बैठना पड़ता था।

कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

निम्नलिखित विधान सत्य है या असत्य लिखिए।

Question 1.
कर्तव्य विलास नहीं कर्मनिष्ठा है।
Answer:
सत्य

Question 2.
राजेंद्र बाबू अपनी पौत्रियों को अहंकार से दूर नही रखना चाहते थे।
Answer:
असत्य

उचित जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए।

Question 1.

Answer:
i – ग
ii – घ
iii – ख
iv – क

किसने, किससे कहा?

Question 1.
“महादेवी बहन दिल्ली मेरी नहीं है।”
Answer:
राजेंद्र बाबू ने महादेवी वर्मा से कहा।

कृति उ (२) : शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के पर्यायवाची लिखिए।

1. निर्देश
2. अहंकार
3. स्वतंत्र

Answer:

1. सूचना
2. घमंड
3. आजाद

निम्नलिखित अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
स्कूल या कॉलेज के विद्यार्थियों के रहने की जगह
Answer:
छात्रावास

Question 2.
वह स्थान जहाँ छात्र पढ़ाई करते हैं
Answer:
विद्यालय

Question 3.
जहाँ पहुँचना हो
Answer:
गंतव्य

नीचे दिए हुए शब्द के विलोम शब्द लिखिए।

1. अहंकार x ……..
2. स्वतंत्र x ……

Answer:

1. अहंकार x नम्रता
2. स्वतंत्र x परतंत्र

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से प्रत्यययुक्त शब्द ढूंढकर लिखिए।
Answer:
योग्यता
कर्मनिष्ठा

नीचे दिए शब्द के लिए श्रुतिसमभिन्नार्थक लिखिए।

1. चिंता
2. जेल

Answer:

1. चिता
2. जल

कृति उ (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
‘कर्तव्य विलास नहीं कर्मनिष्ठा है।’ इस विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
कर्तव्य शब्द का अभिप्राय उन कार्यों से होता है जिन्हें करने के लिए व्यक्ति नैतिक रूप से प्रतिबद्ध होता है। व्यक्ति को अपने कर्तव्य के प्रति सदैव जाग्रत रहना चाहिए। अंत:करण की प्रेरणा या उचित कार्य की प्रवृत्ति से कर्तव्य का संबंध होता है। यदि व्यक्ति अपने कर्तव्यों का पालन ठीक से नहीं करता है तो उसका अंत:करण उसे धिक्कारता है। कर्तव्य को प्राथमिकता देकर व्यक्ति को अपना कार्य करते रहना चाहिए। उसे अपने कर्म में लीन होना चाहिए। व्यक्ति को हर काम को पूरे मन से करने पर ही आनंद का अनुभव होता है। प्रश्न ६ (क) निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति ऊ (१): आकलन कृति

ऐसे प्रश्न तैयार कीजिए जिनके उत्तर निम्नलिखित शब्द हों –

Question 1.
रसोईघर
Answer:
राजेंद्र बाबू की पत्नी के कमरे से संलग्न क्या बन गया था?

Question 2.
दिल्ली
Answer:
बालिकाओं की दादी ने लेखिका को कहाँ आने का विशेष निमंत्रण दिया था?

कृति पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

संजाल पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.

Answer:

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
राष्ट्रपति भवन के हर द्वार पर सलाम ठोंकने वाले सिपाहियों की आँखें विस्मय से खुली रह गई। .
Answer:
क्योंकि लेखिका राष्ट्रपति भवन में एक दरजन सूप लेकर गई थीं। ऐसी भेंट लेकर कोई अतिथि न कभी वहाँ पहुँचा था, न पहुँचेगा।

कृति ऊ (२) : शब्द संपदा

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से शब्द-युग्म ढूँढ़कर लिखिए।
Answer:
फटकने-पछोरने

नीचे दिए हुए शब्द के विलोम लिखिए।

1. विशेष x ………
2. आदेश x …….

Answer:

1. विशेष x साधारण
2. आदेश x प्रार्थना

Question 1.
गद्यांश में से ऐसे दो शब्द ढूँढ़कर लिखिए जिनके वचन परिवर्तित नहीं होते।
Answer:
सूप
आदेश

अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
वह भवन जिसमें राष्ट्रपति रहते हैं
Answer:
राष्ट्रपति भवन

Question 2.
अतिथि का सत्कार व उनकी देखभाल
Answer:
आतिथ्य

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के अनेकार्थी शब्द लिखिए।

1. ग्रहण
2. अंक

Answer:

1. पकड़ने की क्रिया, लेने की क्रिया, खाने की क्रिया, मुसीबत
2. संख्या, गोद

कृति ऊ (३): स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
‘सहधर्मिणी अपने पति के आदर्श एवं सिद्धांत का पालन करती है।’ विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
सहधर्मिणी वही कहलाती है जो अपने पति का जीवन के प्रत्येक मोड़ पर साथ देती है। वह अपने पति के आदर्श एवं सिद्धांतों का पालन करती है। यदि उसका पति सादा जीवन उच्च विचार रखता है, तो वह भी उसका अनुसरण करती है। भारत के प्रथम राष्ट्रपति डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद जी का जीवन सादगी से भरा हुआ था। उसीप्रकार उनकी पत्नी ने भी उनके इस सिद्धांत को अपने जीवन में उतारा।

उनके पति कितने भी बड़े पद पर क्यों न हों, फिर भी वे घर के काम-काज को संभालने से पीछे नहीं हटीं। सबके लिए भोजन बनाना एवं सभी के खाने के उपरांत स्वयं खाना खाना, आदि संस्कारों का उन्होंने भलीभांति निर्वाह किया। घर के सभी सदस्य एवं घर पर आने वाले अतिथियों के स्वागत में कोई कमी नहीं छोड़ी। इस प्रकार वह अपने पति के पचिह्नों पर चलकर सभी का दिल जीत लेती है।

गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए।

कृति ए (१): आकलन कृति

गद्यांश के आधार पर वाक्य पूर्ण कीजिए।

Question 1.
लेखिका राष्ट्रपति भवन उस दिन पहुँची जिस दिन ….
Answer:
राजेंद्र बाबू और उनकी सहधर्मिणी का उपवास था।

कारण लिखिए।

Question 1.
लेखिका ने निरन्न भोजन की इच्छा प्रकट की।
Answer:
क्योंकि उपवास के दिन वह अतिथेय का साथ देना उचित समझती थीं।

निम्नलिखित गलत विधान सही करके लिखिए।

Question 1.
जीवन मूल्यों की परख करने वाली दृष्टि के कारण राजेंद्र बाबू को पद्मश्री की उपाधि मिली।
Answer:
जीवन मूल्यों की परख करने वाली दृष्टि के कारण राजेंद्र बाबू को देशरल की उपाधि मिली।

Question 2.
राष्ट्रपति भवन में लेखिका ने मेवे व मिष्ठान्न खाया।
Answer:
राष्ट्रपति भवन में लेखिका ने उबले आलू खाए।

गद्यांश: ७ पाठ्यपुस्तक पृष्ठ क्र. १९ . राजेंद्र बाबू तथा उनकी चरित्र ढलते थे?

कृति ए (२) : शब्द संपदा

निम्नलिखित वाक्य में विराम चिह्नों का उचित प्रयोग कीजिए।

Question 1.
लेखिका ने कहा आज वह साँचा टूट गया है जिसमें कठिन कोमल चरित्र ढलते थे
Answer:
लेखिका ने कहा, “आज वह साँचा टूट गया है, जिसमें कठिन कोमल चरित्र बलते थे।”

Question 2.
दिए गए गद्यांश में से देशज शब्द ढूँढकर लिखिए।
Answer:

• उबले
• आलू
• छलक
• ढलते

निम्नलिखित शब्द में उचित उपसर्ग व प्रत्यय लगाकर नए शब्द तैयार कीजिए।

Question 1.
संतोष
Answer:
उपसर्गयुक्त शब्द : असंतोष, प्रत्यय युक्त शब्द : संतोषप्रद

अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द लिखिए।

Question 1.
जिसका कोई शत्रु ही न हो
Answer:
अजातशत्रु

Question 2.
भोजन ग्रहण न करने का निश्चय
Answer:
उपवास

पर्यायवाची शब्द लिखिए।

1. निरन्न
2. अजातशत्रु

Answer:

1. अन्नरहित
2. शत्रुहीन

कृति ए (३) : स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति

Question 1.
‘व्यक्ति के जीवन-मूल्यों का बड़ा महत्व होता है।’ विषय पर अपने विचार लिखिए।
Answer:
जीवन-मूल्य मनुष्य के जीवन में बहुत आवश्यक होते हैं। जीवन मूल्यों का व्यक्ति के जीवन में महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान रहता है। व्यक्ति इन्हीं के आधार पर अच्छा-बुरा या सही-गलत की परखा करता है। हमेशा नम्र रहना, सबका आदर करना, सादगी से जीवन बिताना आदि जीवन-मूल्य हैं। सुखद व सफल जीवन व्यतीत करने के लिए व्यक्ति को जीवन-मूल्यों को स्वीकार करना पड़ता है। जीवन-मूल्यों के बिनी व्यक्ति अपने जीवन को अनुशासित नहीं कर सकता और न ही अपने मन को स्वयं के नियंत्रण में रख सकता है। जीवन में अपने व्यक्तित्व को निखारने और सफल बनाने के लिए जीवन-मूल्य अनिवार्य है।

अनोखे राष्ट्रपति Summary in Hindi

अनोखे राष्ट्रपति लेखिका – परिचय
जीवन – परिचय : महादेवी वर्मा जी का जन्म सन १९०७ में उत्तर प्रदेश के फर्रुखाबाद में हुआ। ये एक उच्चकोटि की लेखिका एवं प्रतिभावान कवयित्री थीं। छायावाद के चार प्रमुख स्तंभों में से एक हैं। इनके साहित्य में पीड़ा, करुणा, वेदना आदि पाई जाती है। इन्हें हिंदी साहित्य में आधुनिक युग की मीरा’ कहा जाता है। इनका साहित्य समाज के विभिन्न पहलुओं को दर्शाता है तथा प्रत्येक वर्ग को प्रभावित और प्रेरित करता है।

प्रमुख कृतियाँ : ‘नीहार’, ‘रश्मि’, ‘सांध्यगीत’ (कविता संग्रह), ‘संकल्पिता’, ‘श्रृंखला की कड़ियाँ’, (निबंध), ‘पथ के साथी’, ‘मेरा परिवार’, ‘अतीत के चलचित्र’। (रेखाचित्र)

अनोखे राष्ट्रपति गद्य – परिचय
संस्मरण : संस्मरण साहित्य की एक महत्त्वपूर्ण विधा है। स्मृति के आधार पर किसी विषय पर या किसी व्यक्ति पर लिखित आलेख संस्मरण कहलाता है। यह केवल अतीत की घटनाओं पर आधारित होता है। संस्मरण में चारित्रिक गुणों से युक्त किसी व्यक्ति को याद करते हुए उसके परिवेश के साथ उसका प्रभावशाली वर्णन किया जाता है।

प्रस्तावना : ‘अनोखे राष्ट्रपति’ इस संस्मरण में लेखिका महादेवी वर्मा जी ने भारत के पहले राष्ट्रपति डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद जी के ‘सादा जीवन–उच्च विचार’ गुण से परिचित कराया है। जीवन में सादगी, सहजता व सरल स्वभाव अपनाने से व्यक्ति का व्यक्तित्व ऊँचा उठ सकता है, लेखिका ने इस विचार से सभी को अवगत कराया है।

अनोखे राष्ट्रपति सारांश

‘अनोखे राष्ट्रपति’ यह एक संस्मरण है। इस संस्मरण में लेखिका महादेवी वर्मा जी ने डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद जी के जीवन मूल्यों से पाठकों को परिचित कराया है। डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद जी की वेशभूषा में अत्यंत सादगी थी। स्वतंत्रता पूर्व से ही लेखिका डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद जी को अच्छी तरह से जानती थीं। सन १९३७ में प्रयाग में महिला विद्यापीठ का शिलान्यास डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद जी के करकमलों द्वारा हुआ था। तब उन्होंने लेखिका से निवेदन करते हुए कहा था कि वे अपनी पंद्रह–सोलह पौत्रियों की शिक्षा को लेकर चिंतित हैं। इसलिए उन्हें वे प्रयाग के महिला विद्यापीठ में भर्ती करवाना चाहते हैं।

लेखिका ने भी उनकी पौत्रियों को अपने संरक्षण में ले लिया। इस प्रकार उनकी पौत्रियाँ विद्यापीठ के छात्रावास में रहने लगीं। कभी–कभी डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद और उनकी पत्नी सामान्य भारतीय गृहिणी के समान पति, परिवार तथा परिजनों को खिलाने के उपरांत स्वयं अन्न ग्रहण करती थीं। राष्ट्रपति बनने के पश्चात भी डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद जी को अहंकार ने कभी नहीं छुआ। वे अपनी पौत्रियों को अहंकार से दूर रखना चाहते थे। इसलिए साफ शब्दों में उन्होंने लेखिका से कहा था दिल्ली व राष्ट्रपति भवन उनका नहीं है। उनकी पौत्रियाँ जैसी रहती आई हैं; वैसी ही रहेंगी।

एक बार उनकी पत्नी के द्वारा निमंत्रण मिलने पर लेखिका स्वयं राष्ट्रपति भवन जाती हैं। वहाँ पर भारत के पहले राष्ट्रपति डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद जी को उपवास के उपरांत उबले हुए आलू खाते हुए देखती हैं। उनके सादगी एवं संयम से भरे जीवन को देखकर लेखिका नतमस्तक हो जाती हैं। जीवन–मूल्यों की परख करने वाली दृष्टि राजेंद्र बाबू जी के पास थी। उनके पास मन की स्वच्छता थी। उनका कोई शत्रु नहीं था। इसी कारण उन्हें भारतरल की उपाधि मिली थी। ऐसे अनोखे राष्ट्रपति की संगति में लेखिका स्वयं को धन्य समझती हैं।

अनोखे राष्ट्रपति शब्दार्थ

• भृकुटी – भौंह
• ठुड्डी – ठोढ़ी
• रोमिल – रोयेंदार
• निर्देश – सूचना
• सिरकी – सरकंडे या सरई
• पछोरना – अनाज सूप में रखकर फटककर साफ करना
• निरन्न – निराहार, अन्नरहित
• दृष्टि – नजर
• अभिवादन – प्रणाम
• विहंगम – पक्षी
• स्मृति – याद
• वेशभूषा – पहनावा
• निर्देश – सूचना
• अहंकार – घमंड
• कर्तव्य – कार्य
• स्वतंत्र – आजाद
• अजातशत्रु – शत्रुहीन
• भेंट – उपहार

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.4 The Pulley Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 2.4 The Pulley

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.4 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Pulley Poem Questions And Answers Question 1.
Go through the following images and try to link them with our lives. For example, Storm – Hardships that we face in our life.

Answer:
For example : storms – hardships that we face in our lives
Owl – Wisdom
Rose – Life
Tree – Determination
Clouds – Sorrowful moments
Bouquet of flowers – Beauty
Waterfall – Strength
Mountains – Honour
Sunrise – Hope

Pulley Or The Gift Of God Questions And Answers Question 2.
You may have often indulged in talking to yourself audibly.
For example,

• “Oh, dear! Why didn’t I get up sooner?”
• “Let me finish this quickly and then I’ll be free”.
• “How silly of me! Why didn’t I think of it before?”

Such expressions are called Dramatic Monologues.
Imagine and write Monologues suitable in the following situations.

→ It’s your birthday next week.
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:
I wonder what presents I’ll get. I hope dad gets me the bicycle he promised

→ You have been waiting long at the city of bus-stop.
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Oh, bother Now I shall be late for school again.

→ Your final exam results are to be declared tomorrow.
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:
I wish it were tomorrow

→ Your mother has been chatting for very long on the telephone.
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:
This conversation could go on for ages When will I get a chance to call?

Question 3.
‘The Pulley’ is a mechanical device.
Try and write down places where it can be used, and for what purpose.
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:

– To draw water out of a well
– In elevators
– In exercise machines
– In theatres to open curtains
– To lift up heavy objects at construction sites

The Pulley Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Pulley Poem Questions And Answers Question 1.
With the help of the clues, pick out words containing the letter ‘a’ from the poem and build a word-pyramid.

(a) an article
(b) a preposition
(c) past tense of ‘lie’
(d) maximum length of your open palm
(e) make much of
(f) loveliness
(g) in place of
(h) a collection of priceless valuables
(i) restlessness and discontent
Answer:

(a) an article
(b) a preposition
(c) the past tense of ‘lie’
(d) the maximum length of your open palm
(e) make much of
(f) loveliness
(g) in place of
(h) a collection of priceless articles
(i) restlessness and discontent

The Pulley Poem Question 2.
Choose the correct alternative from the following.
(a) Herbert’s poem ‘The Pulley’ displays . . . . . . . . as the two main themes.
(i) Origin of Morality/Spirituality
(ii) Origin of species
(iii) Origin of the universe/galaxy
(iv) Origin of the earth/space
Answer:
(i) Origin of Morality/Spirituality

(b) The theme of the poem ‘The Pulley’ is (Find two correct statements from the given alternatives.)
(i) to focus on the mechanical operation of a pulley.
(ii) to teach a lesson to a creation (man) by the Creator (God)
(iii) to know the different gifts bestowed on man by God.
(iv) to remind man about his creator in his exhaustion.
(v) God pulled man towards Him by making him restless and weary.
Answer:
(iv) to remind man about his Creator in his exhaustion.

(c) In the poem, ‘The Pulley’ is considered ………………….
(i) a mechanical device.
(ii) a gift to mankind
(iii) an image to lift objects.
(iv) an image by which God compels people to become devout.
Answer:
(ii) a gift to mankind.

(d) . . . . . . . . is an example of Pun from the poem.
(i) Rest in the bottom lay.
(ii) So strength first made a way.
(iii) Having a glass of blessings . . . . . .
(iv) So both should losers be
Answer:
(i) Rest in the bottom lay.

(e) . . . . . . . . is an example of Paradox from the poem.
(i) And rest in Nature, not the God of Nature.
(ii) He would adore my gifts instead of me.
(iii) Let him be rich and weary.
(iv) When God at first made man.
Answer:
(iii) Let him be rich and weary.

(f) . . . . . . is an example of Synecdoche from the poem.
(i) So both should losers be.
(ii) Then beauty flowed.
(iii) “Let us” said he “pour on him.”
(iv) May toss him to my breast.
Answer:
(iv) May toss him to my breast.

(g) . . . . . . is an example of Alliteration from the poem.
(i) made a way
(ii) bottom lay.
(iii) repining restlessness
(iv) keep the rest.
Answer:
(iii) repining restlessness

(h) . . . . . . is an example of Inversion from the poem.
(i) Contract into a span.
(ii) So both should losers be.
(iii) Bestow this jewel.
(iv) And rest in nature.
Answer:
(ii) So both should losers be.

(i) The rhyme scheme of the poem is . . . . . .
(i) a a b b c
(ii) a b c b c
(iii) a b c c b
(iv) a b a b a
Answer:
(iv) a b a b a

Pulley Poem Question 3.
Discuss and answer in your own words, and write in your notebook.
(a) The poet has used the word REST thrice in the poem. Write what the word implies in each of the three lines it occurs.
Answer:
. . . rest in nature – give importance to, enjoy the benefits of
. . . let him keep the rest – the remaining gifts (except the gift of ‘rest’)
. . . rest – contentment, satisfaction

(b) What does God want in return from man, for the gifts He has bestowed upon him?
Answer:
In return for the gifts He has bestowed on man, God wants him to lead a life of goodness and to keep on adoring the God who has been so generousto him.

(c) Why did God withhold the gift of ‘Rest’ from man?
Answer:
‘Rest’ makes us feel satisfied and contented,When we have ‘rest’, we do not desire anything more. We might even stop remembering God, our Creator, or seeking His blessings. Hence, God withheld the gift of ‘Rest’ from man.

(d) Besides those given in the poem, what other gifts has God blessed mankind with above his other creations? Enlist them.
Answer:
Besides those given in the extract, God has bestowed on mankind the ability to use language as well as other cognitive abilities like reasoning, abstract thinking, etc. Above all, He has given human beings a marvellous brain, with which man has invented millions of things, right from the wheel to the computer.

(e) When does man generally turn to God? Give one example to support your response.
Answer:
Man , generally turns to God when he is troubled or is facing some difficulty. I remember a neighbour of mine who professed to be an atheist, but when there was a stock market crash, we were all surprised to see him at our temple with hands joined and eyes closed, praying to God.

Question 4.
(A) Discuss with your group and justify the title of the poem ‘The Pulley’ in your own words.
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:
The pulley works when pressure is exerted on either side of the rope passing through it. If one side comes down, the other goes up. Here, the poet expresses the idea that when weariness weighs down man on one end his spiritual aspects on the other end gets an uplift. According to the poet, God deliberately withheld bestowing ‘rest’ to man so that the very ‘restlessness’ wojild bring him nearer to Him. Thus, the title ‘The Pulley’ is appropriate.

(B) Pick out 3 lines that contain Monologues of God.
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
Answer:
(1) For if I should bestow this jewel also on my creature.
(2) He would adore my gifts instead of me.
(3) If goodness lead him not, yet weariness may toss him to my breast.

Question 5.
(A) Pick out two lines that contain the following figures of speech.
(a) Antithesis
1. …………………………..
2. …………………………..
Answer:
1. Antithesis: Let the world’s riches which dispersed lie.
2. Contract into a span.

(b) Alliteration
1. …………………………..
2. …………………………..
Answer:
1. And rest in the Nature, not the God of the Nature.
2. Repetition of ‘n’ sound.

(c) Inversion
1. …………………………..
2. …………………………..
Answer:
1. Let us {said He)
2. Rest in the bottom lay.

(B) Explain the Figures of Speech in the following lines.
(a) Rest in the bottom lay-PUN because
……………………………………………………….
Answer:
It is a Pun because the word ‘rest’ has two meanings – ‘the last one remaining’ and ‘a quality that helps us stop doing something and relax’.

(b) Bestow this jewel also on my creature-METAPHOR because
……………………………………………………….
Answer:
Extended Metaphor: The simple meaning of the ‘pulley’ is extended to show an implicit comparison between the ‘gift’ of ‘rest’ that is not bestowed on man S by God, and by which he will be pulled towards God finally.

(c) And rest in nature, not the God of Nature-REPETITION because
……………………………………………………….
Answer:
Repetition: The word ‘Nature’ is repeated for emphasis.

Question 6.
Write Critical Appreciation of the poem in a paragraph format. (Refer to page no. 5)
Answer:
Point Format
(for understanding)

• Title of the poem: ‘The Pulley’
• The poet: George HerbertRhyme scheme: a-b-a-b-a
• Figures of speech: Metaphor, Pun, Inversion, Paradox, etc.
• The central idea theme the reason why man is continually restless

Paragraph Format
The title of the poem is ‘The Pulley’. The poet is George Herbert.

Each stanza of the poem has five lines. The rhyme scheme of the poem is a-b-a-b-a.

The chief figure of speech used in the poem is Metaphor. The ‘glass of blessings’ signifies the sum of all human qualities bestowed on man. The quality of ‘rest’ or ‘contentment’ is implicitly compared to a ‘jewel’. The other figures of speech are Pun, Inversion, Paradox, etc.

The central idea of the poem is the reason for man’s continual restlessness all his life. According to the poet, this is because God withheld the quality of ‘rest’ from man, so that man’s thoughts would ultimately turn towards God, his creator.

Question 7.
‘Pun’ can be defined as play on words based on their different meanings. Example ‘Writing with a broken pencil is pointless.’ In this poem there is an example of Pun. Find and make a sentence of your own. Share a joke with the class where the use of ‘Pun’ creates humour.
Answer:
(i) Rest in the bottom lay
(ii) So strength first made away.
(iii) Having a glass of blessings
(iv) So both should losers be.

Question 8.
Write a paragraph on the points in each block given below to get a summary on each of the four stanzas of the poem.

Answer:
(1) The poel says dial at the lime when God fir.si 1 created man. He had a glass of blessings standing by. He thought dial He would be generous and shower on man all the gifts possible. God intended lhal all the treasures of die earth which lay scallcred should be eollecled and concentrated in die small space He had created – which was man.

(2) The first gift God gave man was strength. This was followed by beauty, then wisdom, honour and pleasure. When nearly all the gifts had been bestowed on man. God slopped awhile. He noticed that of all the treasures, only one gill remained at Ihe bottom of the glass, and that was rest.

(3) God said to Himself that if He bestowed this precious and valuable gift on His creation, man would love anil worship only the gifts of Nature, and would not love the God who-had created all the things in Nature. Thus both God and man would end up as losers.

(4) So God let man retain all the other gifts, but at the same lime, He left man restless and continually anxious and dissatisfied, lie thought that in should be rich with the abundance of gifts, but he should always remain tired and restless. God reasoned that only then, at the end. if the quality of goodness did not lead man back to God. sheer fatigue (tiredness) would draw man back to God’s heart.

Question 9.
Choose the correct alternatives from the following:
(a) Herbert’s poem ‘The Pulley’ displays Origins and Morality/Spirituality as the two main themes.
(i) Origins and Morality/Spirituality
(ii) Origin of species
(iii) Origin of the universe galaxy
(iv) Origin of the earth space
Answer:
(i) Origins and Morality/Spirituality

(b) The first gift was strength.
(i) strength
(ii) beauty
(iii) wisdom
(iv) rest
Answer:
(i) strength

(c) The last gift left was rest.
(i) strength
(ii) beauty
(iii) wisdom
(iv) rest
Answer:
(iv) rest

(d) The gifts blessings lay in a glass.
(i) the world
(ii) a span
(iii) a glass
(iv) a pathway
Answer:
(iii) a glass

Question 10.
What did God’s glass of blessings contain?
Answer:
God’s glass of blessings contained gifts such as strength, beauty, wisdom, honour, pleasure, other treasures and the gift of rest.

Question 11.
Write the rhyming words from the extract:
Answer:
man – can – spanby – lieway – stay – laypleasure – treasure.

Question 12.
Explain the figures of speech in the following lines:
a glass of blessings
Answer:
It is a Metaphor because the sum of attributes or qualities given to man are implicitly compared to a ‘glass of blessings’.

Question 13.
Explanation: The words are not in the correct prose order. The correct prose orders are:
Answer:
1. Let us (He said) …
2. Rest lay in the bottom.]

Question 14.
What would human beings do if God gifted them with ‘Rest’?
Answer:
If God had gifted human beings with ‘Rest’,’ they would never have cared to remember God since they would have nothing to long for or to feel restless about. This is because self-satisfaction and contentment wduld have made human beings feel: complete and pleased with themselves. They mightthus lose their spiritual and moral values.

Question 15.
Pick out two lines from the extract that contain the figure of speech ‘Inversion’.
Answer:
(a) For if I should (said He)
(b) So both should losers be.
(c) If goodness lead him not, yet weariness May toss him to my breast.

Question 16.
Choose the correct alternative from the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) Let him be rich and weary’ is an example of I Paradox from the poem.
(i) And rest in Nature, not the God of Nature.
(ii) He would adore my gifts instead of me.
(iii) Let him be rich and weary.
(iv) When God first made man.
Answer:
(iii) Let him be rich and weary.

(b) ‘repining restlessness’ is an example of Alliteration from the poem.
(i) made a way
(ii) bottom lay
(iii) repining restlessness
(iv) keep the rest
Answer:
(iii) repining restlessness

Question 17.
Write the rhyming words from the lines.
Answer:
he – me – becreature – Nature; rest – breastrestlessness – weariness.

Question 18.
Bestow this jewel also on my creature.
Answer:
Metaphor: The gift of rest is implicitly compared to a ‘jewel’.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.5 The Old Man and The Sea Book Review Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 4.5 The Old Man and The Sea Book Review

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 4.5 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Old Man And The Sea Book Review Class 10 Question 1.
Pair up with your partner and answer the following questions :
(a) Which animal would you relate yourself to and why?
Answer:
I would relate to a cat. This is because like a cat, I am lazy. I am also reserved and do not show my emotions easily. I choose my friends carefully and am not friendly with anybody and everybody.

(b) Do you have a hero or a role model to look up to? Who is he/she?
Answer:
Yes, my role model is my grandmother. Though she has led a very difficult life because she was poor, she is always optimistic and sees the best in people. She is always cheerful and ready to learn new things. She has learnt how to use the computer and surfs the internet regularly. She is even learning a new language with the help of the computer! She is health-conscious and does yoga regularly. I wish to be like her.

(c) Do you have a passion you would fight for? Why?
Answer:
Yes, my passion is planting trees. Afforestation is the answer to. many of the ills plaguing our country, like water shortage and soil erosion. Planting forests will stop this. When I grow up. I plan to fight for a green cover for our planet.

(d) What is meant by a review?
Answer:
A ‘review’ is a critical evaluation of something – a book, a film, a play, etc.

(e) Have you ever read any book review? If yes, which one? If no, make it a point to read one.
Answer:
Yes, I have read a book review. It was of a Harry Potter book. I read it in a newspaper and it gave me an idea of what to expect in the book, without knowing the details.

The Old Man And The Sea Section 1 Answers Question 2.
Make a list of famous novels of Ernest Hemingway. Two are given to you.
(1) A Farewell to Arms
(2) For Whom the Bell Tolls.
(3) ………………………………………
(4) ………………………………………
(5) ………………………………………
(6) ………………………………………
(7) ………………………………………
Answer:
(1) A Farewell to Arms.
(2) For Whom the Bells Toll.
(3) The Sun also Rises.
(4) The Garden of Eden.
(5) Islands in the Stream.
(6) To Have and Have Not.
(7) The Torrents of Spring.

The Old Man And The Sea Question Answers Question 3.
Ernest Miller Hemingway was a famous American novelist, short story writer and journalist. Make a list of other famous American novelists. Complete the web filling the boxes with the names of famous American novelists.

Answer:

The Old Man and The Sea Book Review Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Old Man And The Sea Book Report Question 1.
Read the passage and name the following.
(a) Young and devoted apprentice
(b) The place where Hemingway had experience of fishing
(c) That which Hemingway was injured by, during First World War
(d) Language of the novel
(e) In his first reading, the review writer was left
Answer:
(a) Manolin
(b) Cuban waters
(c) shrapnel
(d) simple and pithy
(e) unimpressed

The Old Man And The Sea Book Review Question 2.
Correct the following sentences using facts from the review.
(a) Manolin’s parents insisted on his working with the same old fisherman.
(b) This novel is pure fiction.
(c) Hemingway’s style of writing does not unfold the hidden meaning.
(d) The relationship between the old man and Manolin is coarse.
Answer:
(a) Manolin’s parents insisted on his working with another fisherman.
(b) This novel is based on real events and draws heavily from incidents in Hemingway’s own life.
(c) Hemingway’s style of writing is such that a reader can read his work again and again and find new layers of meaning every time.
(d) The relationship between the old man and Manolin is heart-warming.

The Old Man And The Sea Questions And Answers Question 3.
Compare the points that you would use for a book review with those of the review of a play and write in your notebook.
Answer:

Book Review	Review of a play	Review of a film
(1) Story Line	(1) Story Line, Theme and Climax	(1) Story Line
(2) Social/Historical Context	(2) Actors/Actresses and their Presentations	(2) Acting
(3) Writing Style	(3) Use of lights, music and special effects	(3) Direction
(4) My Thoughts.	(4) Use of Sets, Costumes and Make-up (5) My Thoughts and rating.	(4) Editing (5) Cinematography (6) Music and sound effects (7) Special effects (8) My thoughts and rating

The Old Man And The Sea Review Question 4.
The line – ‘I first read this novel years ago, when I did not understand it at all and was left unimpressed.’ tells us about the book reviewer’s opinion about the book. Complete the following sentences using the expressions.
(1) In my opinion, every hard working person achieves success in life.
(2) I strongly feel that ……………………………………………………….
(3) I wish I could ……………………………………………………….
(4) As far as I know you ……………………………………………………….
(5) I think ……………………………………………………….
Answer:
(1) every hardworking person achieves success in life.
(2) there should be a complete ban on tobacco.
(3) go to the moon.
(4) have never taken part in a debate.
(5) they know what they are doing.

Old Man And The Sea Book Review Question 5.
The review describes the struggle between the old man with the marlin and sharks, Ernest Hemingway’s struggle against defeat or death and noble struggle against destruction. Find all the words from the text that are related to the word ‘brave’ or ‘courage’.

• strength
• ……………………………………….
• ……………………………………….
• ……………………………………….
• ……………………………………….

Answer:

• strength,
• formidable.
• strong,
• determination,
• endurance,
• triumph,
• struggle.

The Old Man And The Sea Answers Question 6.
The review mentions struggles of both the writer, Ernest Hemingway and the old man. Fill the incidents of struggle of Hemingway in table A and those of the old man in table B.

Table A	Table B
Ernest Hemingway	Old man
•
•
•
•

Answer:

Table A	Table B
Ernest Hemingway	Old man
(1) injured by shrapnel during the First World War	(1) has a run of terrible bad luck
(2) faces the destruction caused by the two World Wars	(2) unable to catch fish for 84 days
	(3) his apprentice, Manolin leaves him
	(4) the marlin he hooks is too strong for him
	(5) battles with sharks
	(6) very near death

Question 7.
Read the text again. You will find that the text contains many phrases. Match the phrases in ‘A’ and their meanings in ‘B’. After matching their meanings, make sentences of your own

‘A’ Phrases	‘B’ Meanings
1. run of terrible bad luck	a. triggered a feeling or memory
2. draws heavily on	b. without being affected by a particular factor
3. struck a chord	c. endure in difficult circumstances
4. in spite of	d. a period of time when bad things happen
5. holding on	e. makes use of

Answer:

‘A’ Phrases	‘B’ Meanings
1. run of terrible bad luck	d. a period of time when bad things happen
2. draws heavily on	e. makes use of
3. struck a chord	a. triggered a feeling or memory
4. in spite of	b. without being affected by a particular factor
5. holding on	c. endure in difficult circumstances

Question 8.
(A) Rewrite as directed, without change of meaning, in your notebook.
(1) Hemingway’s novel is based on real events. (Convert the underlined adjective to an Adjectival Clause)
(2) He hooks a marlin but the marlin is too strong for him. (Rewrite beginning with ‘Although’)
(3) The reader can read his work again and again and find new layers of menaing. (Begin the sentence with ‘On reading’)
(4) As the novel progresses, the old man and the marlin are inseparably linked. (Rewrite using ‘progress’ as a Noun)
(5) Being strong, the marlin starts pulling the boat. (Rewrite inserting ‘and’ as a Co-ordinator)
(6) When I first read this novel, I was unimpressed. (Rewrite using ‘but’ as a Co-ordinator)
Answer:
(1) Hemingway’s novel is based on events which are real.
(2) Although he hooks a marlin, the marlin is, too strong for him.
(3) On reading his work again and again, the reader can find new layers of meaning.
(4) In the course of the progress of the novel, the old man and the marlin are inseparably linked.
(5) The marlin is strong and starts pulling the boat.
(6) I had read this novel before but I was unimpressed at that time.

(B) Write the ‘root-word’ after dropping the prefix or suffix or both.
(1) unable ……………………………………….
(2) heavily ……………………………………….
(3) determination ……………………………………….
(4) endurance ……………………………………….
(5) unimpressed ……………………………………….
(6) relationship ……………………………………….
(7) inseparably ……………………………………….
(8) empathetic ……………………………………….
(9) beautiful ……………………………………….
(10) simplicity ……………………………………….
Answer:
(1) unable – able
(2) heavily – heavy
(3) determination – determine
(4) endurance – endure
(5) unimpressed – impress
(6) relationship – relate
(7) inseparably – separate
(8) empathetic – empathy
(9) beautiful – beauty
(10) simplicity – simple

Question 9.
Write a book review on any book of your choice with the help of the following points.

• Story line
• Social/Historical content
• Writing style
• My thought

Answer:

Pride and Prejudice: Book review.

Story Line:
‘Pride and Prejudice’ is a romantic novel written by Jane Austen and first published in 1813. The book follows the life of Elizabeth Bennet, a headstrong, intelligent woman. It takes place in the early 1800s and is about the emotional development of the main character.

Elizabeth has four sisters and no brother. According to the succession rights, none of the girls can inherit the property, and Mrs. Bennet (Elizabeth’s mother) thinks that good marriages are the only way for them to lead a good life. Her main ambition in life is to see that her daughters marry wealthy men. However, the novel emphasizes that one should marry for love and not only for money. Mr. Bennet tolerates his wife’s behaviour and is dryly sarcastic when she is silly. There are villainous characters like George Wickham and comic ones like Mr. Collins.

Social/Historical Context:
In Pride and Prejudice, the Bennets are members of the educated upper middle class. At that time, a man’s income was always reported as a ‘number of pounds per year’. Mr Bingley has ‘four or five thousand a year’ while Darcy’s income is a very impressive 10,000 a yepr. Thus, Darcy is considered to possess a fortune, and hence a very eligible bachelor.

The formal manners of behaviour are obvious in the custom of paying visits and leaving calling cards, the necessity of giving formal introductions, etc. Marriage was considered to be the only acceptable role for any woman, and getting married was high on the list of priorities. The clothes and customs all reflect the time. The French revolution was in progress during the time of the writing of this novel. Though it is difficult to relate to such customs and such priorities today, the novel still holds our interest.

Writing Style:
Jane Austen has portrayed her characters well, and given good character sketches of all, whether it is the silly, materialistic Mrs. Bennet as the mother or Elizabeth as the strong-willed daughter. Jane Austen’s writing is sharp, with plenty of sarcasm and irony. Many times it is a bit too detailed; but that was the style of writing at that time. She wrote about ordinary people and their ordinary lives in an exceptional way. She recognized the flaws in society, especially as far as marriage is concerned. The opening words of her novel, ’It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.’, are unforgettable and are still quoted.

My Thoughts:
When I first read it, it was out of compulsion; it was a part of our school activity, and I disliked it. I was too small to appreciate the undertones. I found too many unnecessary details. However, when I read it a few years later, I had already read many other books based in that time period. Hence, I could appreciate their customs, their dresses and their way of talking. I had alsu seen a film based on it. and things became clearer. I plan to read it again and see if I can find new meaning in it now.

Question 10.
You know the essential points required for a book review. Now form pairs and find essential points required for a play review and film review. You can take help of your teacher, library or the internet.

Book Review	Play Review	Film Review
–

Answer:

Book Review	Play Review	Film Review
(1) Story Line (2) Social/Historical Context (3) Writing Style (4) My Thoughts.	(1) Story Line, Theme and Climax (2) Actors/Actresses and their Presentations (3) Use of lights, music and special effects (4)    Use of Sets, Costumes and Make-up (5)    My Thoughts and rating.	(1) Story Line (2) Acting (3) Direction (4) Editing (5) Cinematography (6) Music and sound effects (7) Special effects (8) My thoughts and rating

Question 11.
Project
Classroom Library :
Ask all your classmates to donate a book each to the class. In this way everyone will have a book of his/her own to read. Read the book in a week or two. After reading it, exchange your book with your classmate. Keep exchanging and reading books for the whole year. Every fortnight give the book review of the book that you have read recently in the form of a presentation.

Question 12.
Complete the following:
(1) Hemingway had experience of …………………..
(2) He worked for ………………….. during the First World War.
(3) ‘The Old Man and The Sea’ was published in …………………….
Answer:
(1) fishing in the Cuban waters.
(2) The Red Cross
(3) 1952

Question 13.
Describe the general mood of the people when the novel was published.
Answer:
When the novel was published, people were trying to recover from the mass destruction caused by the two World Wars.

Question 14.
Sentences:
(1) The young actor had a …………………… at the beginning of his career.
(2) This painter …………………… the old masterpieces.
(3) The girl’s sad story immediately …………………… with the news reporter.
(4) Lata Mangeshkar’s songs …………………… for a long time.
Answer:
(1) run of terrible bad luck
(2) draws heavily on
(3) struck a chord
(4) will live on

Question 15.
Find the synonyms (one word) for the following from the passage:
(i) The ability to do something difficult for a long time: ……………
(ii) Formed or worked: ……………
Answer:
(i) endurance
(ii) wrought

Question 16.
The old man is, at the end of the novel, very near death, but we know that the story of his suffering and loss will live on in the memories of the people of his village. (Rewrite the sentence using ‘Though’)
Answer:
Though the old man is, at the end of the novel, very near death, we know that the story of his suffering and loss will live on in the memories of the people of his village.

Question 17.
During the First World War, Hemingway was injured by shrapnel. (Begin the sentence with ‘Shrapnel….’)
Answer:
Shrapnel injured Hemingway during the First World War.

Question 18.
Do you like to read books? If so, what type? If not, why?
Answer:
I do like to read books. I like to read mystery novels. I find them very thrilling and interesting. I am a big fan of Agatha Christie and Arthur Conan Doyle. I have read nearly the whole Sherlock Holmes series of short stories.

Question 19.
(a) After recent reading the reviewer was left: ……………………
(b) It fights for its life desperately: ……………………
Answer:
(a) moved and impressed
(b) the marlin

Question 20.
Hemingway practises an extreme economy in his use of words’. What does this mean?
Answer:
It means he uses very few words to express his thoughts and ideas.

Question 21.
What are the ideals that the old man and the marlin both stand for?
Answer:
The old man and the marlin both stand for the same ideals, that is, a noble struggle against destruction.

Question 22.
Complete the following web:
Answers:

Question 23.
Sentences:
(1) Hussain was ill; in spite of this, he stood first in the test.
(2) I could see the new rider holding on to the reins desperately.
(3) The little boy looked longingly at the puppy again and again.
(4) The symbol of a white dove stands for peace.
Answer:
(1) in spite of
(2) holding on
(3) again and again
(4) stands for

Question 24.
Find the synonyms for the following from the passage:
(i) Brief: …………………..
(ii) Likely to make someone believe something that is not true: ………………….
Answer:
(i) pithy
(ii) deceptive

Question 25.
Write four to five sentences about your favorite writer.
Answer:
My favorite writer is Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of Sherlock Holmes. Every story written by Doyle is different and holds my interest right till the end. The stories are so gripping that one cannot put the book down easily. I borrow the books from the library to read during the vacation.

Question 26.
(1) Write down two compound words from the passage.
(2) Pick out an infinitive from the lesson and use it in your own sentence.
(3) Find out five hidden words from the given word t endurance
(4) Use the following phrase in your own sentence: even after his death
(5) Spot the error/errors and rewrite the correct sentence: The novel was publishing in 1952
(6) Identify the type of sentence: I first read this novel years ago, when I did not understand it at all.
(7) Hemingway always talks about the need to struggle. (Replace the infinitive with a gerund.)
(8) From the following verbs, pick out the verb which forms its present and past participle by doubling the last letter: run, write, swim, fan.
(9) Complete the word chain with verbs of your own. write, e………., r………., r………., t……… .
Answer:
(1) fisherman, baseball
(2) to catch: The fielder tried to catch the ball.
(3) endurance: endure, dance, under, crane, creed.
(4) even after his death: People remembered the great leader with love and respect even after his death.
(5) The novel was published in 1952
(6) Assertive (negative)
(7) Hemingway always talks about the need for struggling.
(8) fan – fanning, fanned.
(9) write, enter, remember, report, think.

Question 27.
(1) Use the following word and its homophone in two separate sentences: sail
(2) He worked for the Red Cross. (Rewrite using the past progressive tense of the verb.)
(3) A reader can read his work again and again. (Change the voice beginning ‘His work ….)
Answer:
(1) (i) The sail of the huge boat fluttered in the breeze,
(ii) The old woman loves shopping wherever there is a sale.
(2) He was working for the Red Cross.
(3) His work can be read again and again (by a reader).

Question 28.
(1) Use the given two words in one meaningful sentence: formidable, beautiful.
(2) Recently, I read this book again and was extremely moved. (Rewrite as a complex sentence.)
Answer:
(1) It was a formidable job to make the dilapidated old house beautiful again.
(2) I was extremely moved when I recently read the book again.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 3 Physiography and Drainage Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 3 Physiography and Drainage

Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Physiography and Drainage Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the sentences by choosing the right option :

Question a.
Brazil is covered mainly by _________.
(a) highlands
(b) mountainous region
(c) plains
(d) dissected hills
Answer:
(a) highlands

Question b.
Like Brazil, India too has __________.
(a) high mountains
(b) west flowing rivers
(c) ancient plateau
(d) snow-capped mountains
Answer:
(c) ancient plateau

Question c.
The Amazon Basin is mainly ________.
(a) characterized by droughts
(b) filled by swamps
(c) covered by dense forests
(d) fertile
Answer:
(c) covered by dense forests

Question d.
Amazon is a large river in the world. Near its mouth ___________.
(a) deltaic regions are found
(b) no deltas are found
(c) deposition of sediment occurs
(d) fishing is done
Answer:
(b) no deltas are found

Question e.
The Lakshadweep Islands of the Arabian Sea are _________.
(a) made from the part separated by mainland
(b) coral islands
(c) volcanic islands
(d) continental islands
Answer:
(b) coral islands

Question f.
To the foothills of the Aravalis _________.
(a) lies the Budelkhand Plateau
(b) lies the Malwa Plateau
(c) lies the Mewad Plateau
(d) lies the Deccan Plateau
Answer:
(c) lies the Mewad Plateau

2. Answer the following Questions:

Question a.
Differentiate between the physiography of Brazil and India
Answer:

The Physiography of India	The Physiography of Brazil
The physiographic divisions of India are the Himalayas, the North Indian Plains and the Peninsula, Coastal Plains, and the Islands.	The physiographic divisions of Brazil are: The Highlands, The Great Escarpment, The Coastal region, The Plains and The Islands.
There are long and high mountain ranges in northern and north eastern part of India in the form of Himalayan ranges. The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats lie to the west and east of the Peninsular region. The average altitude of the Greater Himalayas is around 6000m.	In Brazil there are no high and continuous mountain ranges. The eastern side of the Highlands is demarcated because of the Escarpment. The Great Escarpment located in south-eastern part of the Highlands has an altitude of 790m in this region with the height gradually decreasing.
In India the Plains occupy a wide area in the north. The Plains lie between the Himalayas in the North and the Peninsula in the South. It extends from Rajasthan in the West to Assam in the East. The Coastal Plains lie to the west and east of the Peninsula.	In Brazil the Amazon Basin in the North and the Parana-Paraguay Basin to the South West constitutes the Plains. Also a narrow coastal plain is confined to the North and the East.
The Peninsular Plateau region of India lies to the South of the North Indian Plains and is divided into 2 groups, the The Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.	In Brazil the Highlands occupy an extensive area in the South and is described as the Brazilian Highlands or the Brazilian Shield. Also to the North lies the Guyana Highland.
The islands in India are either volcanic or coral in origin.	The islands in Brazil are mainly depositional and some of them are coral in nature.

Question b.
What measures are being taken to control pollution in the rivers of India?
Answer:
Rivers in India are getting polluted due to the sewage and effluents being added to it and thus affecting its quality. Following measures are being taken to control pollution in the rivers in India.

(i) Treating of the sewage before draining it into the rivers.
(ii) Reducing the use of pesticides and insecticides as they drain into the water sources and pollute it.
(iii) Discharge of industrial effluents into rivers without proper treatment is now controlled.
(iv) Reusing the water for different purposes which reduces the overuse and pollution of water.
(v) Carrying out the cleaning and purification of the river water under the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP).
(vi) Creating awareness in the people about the importance of rivers and harmful effects of pollution.
(vii) Setting up of Pollution Control Boards (PCB) at the state and national level to curb pollution.

Question c.
Explain the characteristics of the North Indian Plains.
Answer:
(i) This division lies between Himalayan Mountains in the north and the Peninsula in the south.

(ii) Similarly, it extends from Rajasthan and Punjab in the west to Assam in the east.

(iii) It is mostly a flat low lying area.

(iv) The North Indian Plains are divided into two parts. The part lying to the east of the Aravalis is the basin of the river Ganga and is therefore known as the Ganga Plains. It slopes eastward.

(v) Most of the Indian state of West Bengal and Bangladesh together constitute the delta of Ganga-Brahmaputra system. It is known as the Sunderbans. It is considered to be the world’s largest delta.

(vi) The western part of the North Indian Plains is occupied by desert known as the Thar Desert or Marusthali. Most of Rajasthan is occupied by this desert.

(vii) To the north of the desert lie the plains of Punjab.

(viii) This region is spread to the west of Aravalis and Delhi ranges. These plains have formed as a result of the depositonal work by river Satluj and its tributaries. The slope of the plains is towards the west.
Because the soil here is very fertile, agriculture is largely practised in this region.

Question d.
What could be the reasons behind the formation of swamps in the extensive continental location of Pantanal?
Answer:
Pantanal is one of the largest wetlands in the world, lying in the south west part of the highland areas.
It is a region of swamps and marshes in northwestern part of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil and it extends into Argentina too.
This region is drained by the river Paraguay and its tributaries.
They collect the water from the highland areas and deposit the sediments in the low lying Pantanal region.
Pantanal is a gently sloped basin which is submerged throughout the year due to the filling of the sediments and water in the depression area of the Pantanal.

Question e.
Which are the major water divides of India give examples.
Answer:
A mountain or an upland which separates two drainage basins is known as a Water Divide. The major Water Divides of India are :

Western Ghats: The Western Ghats acts as a water divide and separates the west flowing rivers like Zuari, Mandvi, Vaitama draining into the Arabian Sea, from the east flowing rivers like the Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri draining into the Bay of Bengal.

Vindhya ranges: It divides the drainage basin of the River Ganga and the River Narmada.

Aravali ranges : The Aravali ranges separate the west flowing river Luni from the east flowing river Banas.

Satpuda ranges: The Satpudas separate the Narmada drainage basin and the Tapi drainage basin.

Question 3.
Write notes on :
Answer:
a. Amazon River Basin:
(i) Amazon collects its headwaters from the eastern slopes of Andes Mountains in Peru.

(ii) Amazon River receives huge discharge. This is about 2 lakh m³/s.

(iii) As a result, Amazon washes off the load supplied to it from the catchment

(iv) Consequently, sediments are not deposited even at the mouth.

(v) A dense network of distributaries, which is a characteristic feature of river mouth areas, is by and large absent in the mouth region of Amazon.

(vi) Instead, we find a series of islands developed along the mouth of Amazon, beyond the coastline into the Atlantic Ocean.

(vii) At the mouth, the width of Amazon channel is 150 km.

(viii) Most of the course of the Amazon river is suitable for navigation.

b. Himalayas:
(i) The Himalayas is one of the young fold mountains in the world.

(ii) The Himalayas extend from Pamir Knot in Tajikistan to the east. It is a major mountain system of the Asian continent.

(iii) In India, it extends from Jammu and Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh.

(iv) The Himalayas is not a single mountain range. There are many parallel ranges in the system.

(v) The southernmost range of Himalayas is known as the Siwaliks. It is also the youngest range.

(vi) Beyond the Siwaliks are Lesser Himalayas (Himachal), Greater Himalayas (Himadri) and Trans Himalayan ranges from south to north.

(vii) These ranges are young to old respectively.

(viii) These mountain ranges can also be divided into Western Himalayas (or Kashmir Himalayas), Central Himalayas (or Kumaun Himalayas) and Eastern Himalayas (or Assam Himalayas).

c. The coasts of Brazil:

(i) Brazil has a coastline of about 7400 km. They are divided into two parts namely northern coast and the eastern coast.

(ii) The northern coast extends from Amapa province in the north to Rio Grande Do Norte in the east. This coast can be called as North Atlantic Coast. From here, the eastern coast extends towards the south.

(iii) The northern coast is characterized by mouths of many rivers including the Amazon. Therefore, this region is a low-lying region.
(iv) On this coast lie the Marajo island, Marajo and Sao Marcos Bays.

(v) Marajo, a large coastal island located between River Amazon and River Tocantins, lies on the northern coast.

(vi) The eastern coast receives a large number of smaller rivers. The only major river which meets the Atlantic Ocean here is Sao Francisco.
(vii) The Brazilian Coast is characterized by a large number of beaches and sand dune complexes.

(viii) The Brazilian Coast is protected in some areas by coral reefs and atoll islands.

d. The Indian Peninsula:

(i) The area lying to the south of North Indian Plains and tapering towards the Indian Ocean is called Indian Peninsula.
(ii) It consists of many plateaus and hill ranges.
(iii) The Aravalis in the north west are the oldest fold mountains here.
(iv) It includes a series of plateaus bordering the Plains, Vindhyas and Satpuda ranges in the central part and the hilly regions of Western and Eastern Ghats.

e. The Great Escarpment:

(i) An Escarpment is a long, steep slope especially one at the edge of a plateau.

(ii) Though the Great Escarpment occupies a I very small area, the nature of its slope and the effect it has on the climate makes is a separate
physiographic region.

(iii) The eastern side of the Brazilian Highland is demarcated because of the escarpment.

(iv) In this region, the altitude of the escarpment is 790 m.

(v) In some regions, the height decreases gradually.

(vi) The escarpment is very steep particularly from Sao Paulo to Porto Alegre.

(vii) The escarpment acts as a barrier to the Southeast Trade Winds giving rise to the rainshadow area in the northeast part of the highlands. The region to the north of this area is called ‘Drought Quadrilateral’.

4. Write geographical reasons:

Question a.
There are no west flowing rivers in Brazil.
Answer:
(i) Many rivers originating from the terminal portion of the Brazilian highlands flow northwards to meet the Amazon river and finally terminate in the Atlantic Ocean.

(ii) Sao Francisco River flows 1000 kms towards the north and then turns east to join the Atlantic Ocean.

(iii) The rivers Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay originating from the southern part of Brazilian highlands flow southwest and enter Argentina.

(iv) The Amazon river, originating from the Andes mountain in the west flows eastwards to meet the Atlantic Ocean.

(v) Thus, there are no west flowing rivers in Brazil.

Question b.
There are dissimilarities between the eastern and the western coast of India.
Answer:
(i) The western coast borders the Arabian Sea and the eastern coast borders the Bay of Bengal.

(ii) The western coast is by and large a rocky coast. At places, spurs starting from the Western Ghats have extended right up to the coast. The eastern coast has been formed as a result of depositional work of rivers.

(iii) The width of the western coast is narrow, whereas that of the eastern coast is wide.

(iv) Short and swift rivers originating from Western Ghats form estuaries on the western coast, whereas, because of the gentle slope the east flowing rivers flowing at low speed deposit sediments and form deltas on the eastern coast.

(v) Thus there are dissimilarities between the eastern and the western coasts of India.

Question c.
There are fewer natural ports on the eastern coast of India.
Answer:
(i) The eastern coast borders the Bay of Bengal. It has been formed as a result of depositional work of rivers.
(ii) Many east flowing rivers have formed deltas at their mouth due to the gentle slope.
(iii) Sediments deposited by the river makes the coast shallow.
(iv) Therefore there are fewer natural ports on the eastern coast of India.

Question d.
As compared to Amazon, the pollution in river Ganga affects human life greatly.
Answer:
(i) The Amazon Basin is a sparsely populated region of Brazil.. Unfavourable climate, heavy rainfall, inaccessibility and dense forest are the barriers for development of human settlements and industrialisation here.

(ii) On the other hand, the Ganga Plain region is one of the most densely populated regions of India.

(iii) Due to flat fertile plains, availability of water, suitable climate, dense human settlements have been established in this region.

(iv) Mining activities in the Amazon Basin causes pollution in the Amazon River, whereas industrial and domestic sewage adds to the pollution of

River Ganga. Thus as compared to Amazon, the pollution in River Ganga affects human life greatly, as the Ganga Plain is more densely populated as compared to the Amazon Plains.

5. Identify the correct group:

Question a.
The order of the physiographic units in Brazil while going from North West to South East
(i) Parana River basin – Guyana Highlands – Brazilian Highlands
(ii) Guyana Highlands – Amazon river basin – Brazilian Highlands
(iii) Coastal plains – Amazon River basin – Brazilian Highlands
Answer:
Guyana Highlands – Amazon River basin – Brazilian Highlands

Question b.
These Rivers of Brazil are north-flowing
(i) Juruaka – Xingu – Aragua
(ii) Negro – Branco – Paru
(iii) Japura – Jurua – Purus
Answer:
Juruaka – Xingu – Aragua

Question c.
The order of plateaus of India from south to north.
(i) Karnataka – Maharashtra – Bundelkhand
(ii) Chhota Nagpur – Malwa – Marwad
(iii) Telangana – Maharashtra – Marwad
Answer:
Karnataka – Maharashtra – Bundelkhand

Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Physiography and Drainage Intext Questions and Answers

Observe the map and answer the following questions.

Physiography And Drainage Map Questions And Answers Question 1.
In which direction does the region with an altitude of more than 6000m lie in India ?
Answer:
The region with an altitude of more than 6000m lies part of India towards the north and north eastern.

Physiography And Drainage Questions And Answers  Question 2.
Look for the south-flowing river in the peninsular region. In which river basin does it lie?
Answer:
River Wardha and Vainganga are the south flowing river in the peninsular region. These lie in the Godavari river basin.

Physiography And Drainage Question 3.
In which direction is the slope of the region in the north shown in dark green.
Answer:
The region in the north shown in dark green is the North Indian Plain. It slopes towards the east.

Geography Class 10 Chapter 3 Physiography And Drainage Question 4.
Make a list of plateaus located in between Aravalli ranges and Chhota Nagpur Plateau.
Answer:
Plateaus located in between Aravalli ranges and Chhota Nagpur Plateau are Mewad Plateau, Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand and Malwa Plateau.

Physiography And Drainage Of India And Brazil Notes  Question 5.
Name the peak shown in the Eastern Ghats.
Answer:
Mahendragiri (1600m) and Malayagiri (1187m) are the peak shown in the Eastern Ghats.

Physiography And Drainage 10th Question 6.
Which mountains demarcate the deep plains of Brahmaputra?
Answer:
Dafla Hills, Naga Hills, Garo, Khasi and Jaintia Hills demarcate the deep plains of Brahmaputra.

Physiography And Drainage Class 10  Question 7.
Give the relative location of the Nilgiri Hills.
Answer:
Nilgiri Hills lie at the convergence of Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats in the southern part of the Deccan Pleateau.

10th Physiography Chapter 3 In Marathi Question Answer  Question 8.
In which direction does the height of Sahyadri hills increase?
Answer:
The height of Sahayadri hills increase towards the south.

Question 9.
The Vindhyas act as a water divide between which two river basins?
Answer:
The Vindhyas acts as a water divide between Ganga river system and Narmada river system.

Observe the map and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the range of altitude of the Amazon river basin?
Answer:
The range of altitude of the Amazon river basin is from 0 metres to 200 metres.

Question 2.
Between which two highlands is the Amazon river basin located?
Answer:
The Amazon river basin is located between the Guyana Highlands and the Brazilian Highlands.

Question 3.
Observe the region with the altitude of 500 to 1000 metres. Describe the locational extent of this region in yellow with reference to the direction.
Answer:
The region in yellow represents the Brazilian Highlands. They cover most of the eastern and southern parts of Brazil.

Question 4.
What do the isolated regions shown in yellow indicate?
Answer:
The isolated region shown in yellow indicate the Brazilian Highlands or the Brazilian Plateau or the Brazilian Shield.

Question 5.
Besides the Amazon river basin, where else do you find regions with an altitude of less than 200m?
Answer:
Besides the Amazon basin the other regions with an altitude of less than 200m are the Pampas, Parana and Paraguay basin, as well as the Eastern and Northen coastal region.

Question 6.
Describe the plateau region with height of 200 to 500m through which tributaries of Amazon flow in your own words.
Answer:
The highlands here gradually slope towards north and slopes are not very steep. The tributaries of Amazon, eg. Xingu river flowing through this region make rapids and waterfalls.

Question 10.
Enumerate the characteristics of the Western Ghats.
Answer:
(i) The Western Ghats are a continuous chain of mountains extending from north to south for about 1600 km. They run parallel to the west cost of India.
(ii) In the north, i.e., in Maharashtra and Karnataka these mountain ranges are referred as Sahyadris and in the south they are referred as Annamalai hills.
(iii) The height of the Western Ghats increases towards the south.
(iv) These hill ranges comprise of many peaks such as Kalsubai Peak (1646 m) located to the north and Anaimudi Peak (2695 m) located to the south of Western Ghats.
(v) The highest peak of Western Ghats is Anaimudi Peak (2695 m) located in Annamalai hills.
(vi) The western slope of the Western Ghats is steep while the eastern slope is gentle
(vii) The Western Ghats acts as a water divide for the rivers flowing towards Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.

Question 11.
Compare the Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats
Answer:

S.no	Eastern Ghats		Western Ghats
(i)	The Eastern Ghats run along the eastern coast of India in the north east to south west direction.		(i)	The Western Ghats also known as Sahyadris run in the north-south direction along the western coast of India.
(ii)	It forms the eastern boundary of the Deccan Plateau.                                          .		(ii)	It forms the western boundary of Deccan Plateau.
(hi)	It is not continuous, but is broken at many places by rivers like Godavari and Krishna.		(iii)	The Western Ghats is like a continuous wall like structure, but is broken at same places by passes.
(iv)	Comparatively less number of rivers originate from the Eastern Ghats.		(iv)	It is a source of many westward and eastward flowing rivers.
(v)	The average altitude of the Eastern Ghats is low (600 mts) but they are wider than Western Ghats.		(v)	The average altitude of the Western Ghats is high (900-1600 mts) but it is narrower in width than Eastern Ghats.
(vi)	Highest peak of Eastern Ghats is Jindhagada (1690 m)		(vi)	Highest peak of Western Ghats is Anaimudi Peak (2695 m)

Question 12.
Why are the Western Ghats called a water divide ?
Answer:
The Western Ghats divide the basins of the west flowing rivers like Vaitama, Mandovi, etc. flowing towards the Arabian sea from those of the east flowing rivers like Godavari, Krishna, etc. flowing towards the Bay of Bengal.

Answer the following Questions:

Question 1.
Differentiate between the Physiography of Brazil and India.
Answer:

The Physiography of India	The Physiography of Brazil
(i) The physiographic divisions of India are the Himalayas, the North Indian Plains and the Peninsula, Coastal Plains, and the Islands.	(i) The physiographic divisions of Brazil are: The Highlands, The Great Escarpment, The Coastal region, The Plains and The Islands.
(ii) There are long and high mountain ranges in northern and north eastern part of India in the form of Himalayan ranges. The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats lie to the west and east of the Peninsular region. The average altitude of the Greater Himalayas is around 6000m.	(ii) In Brazil there are no high and continuous mountain ranges. The eastern side of the Highlands is demarcated because of the Escarpment. The Great Escarpment located in south-eastern part of the Highlands has an altitude of 790m in this region with the height gradually decreasing.
(iii) In India the Plains occupy a wide area in the north. The Plains lie between the Himalayas in the North and the Peninsula in the South. It extends from Rajasthan in the West to Assam in the East. The Coastal Plains lie to the west and east of the Peninsula.	(iii) In Brazil the Amazon Basin in the North and the Parana-Paraguay Basin to the South West constitutes the Plains. Also a narrow coastal plain is confined to the North and the East.
(iv) The Peninsular Plateau region of India lies to the South of the North Indian Plains and is divided into 2 groups, the The Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.	(iv) In Brazil the Highlands occupy an extensive area in the South and is described as the Brazilian Highlands or the Brazilian Shield. Also to the North lies the Guyana Highland.
(v) The islands in India are either volcanic or coral in origin.	(v) The islands in Brazil are mainly depositional and some of them are coral in nature.

Question 2.
What measures are being taken to control pollution in the rivers of India?
Answer:
Rivers in India are getting polluted due to the sewage and effluents being added to it and thus affecting its quality. Following measures are being taken to control pollution in the rivers in India.

• Treating of the sewage before draining it into the rivers.
• Reducing the use of pesticides and insecticides as they drain into the water sources and pollute it.
• Discharge of industrial effluents into rivers without proper treatment is now controlled.
• Reusing the water for different purposes which reduces the overuse and pollution of water.
• Carrying out the cleaning and purification of the river water under the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP).
• Creating awareness in the people about the importance of rivers and harmful effects of pollution.
• Setting up of Pollution Control Boards (PCB) at the state and national level to curb pollution.

Question 3.
Explain the characteristics of the North Indian Plains.
Answer:
(i) This division lies between Himalayan Mountains in the north and the Peninsula in the south.

(ii) Similarly, it extends from Rajasthan and Punjab in the west to Assam in the east.

(iii) It is mostly a flat low lying area.

(iv) The North Indian Plains are divided into two parts. The part lying to the east of the Aravalis is the basin of the river Ganga and is therefore known as the Ganga Plains. It slopes eastward.

(v) Most of the Indian state of West Bengal and Bangladesh together constitute the delta of Ganga-Brahmaputra system. It is known as the Sunderbans. It is considered to be the world’s largest delta.

(vi) The western part of the North Indian Plains is occupied by desert known as the Thar Desert or Marusthali. Most of Rajasthan is occupied by this desert.

(vii) To the north of the desert lie the plains of Punjab.

(viii) This region is spread to the west of Aravalis and Delhi ranges. These plains have formed as a result of the depositonal work by river Satluj and its tributaries. The slope of the plains is towards the west.

(ix) Because the soil here is very fertile, agriculture is largely practised in this region.

Question 4.

What could be the reasons behind the formation of swamps in the extensive continental location of Pantanal?
Answer:
Pantanal is one of the largest wetlands in the world, lying in the south west part of the highland areas.

It is a region of swamps and marshes in northwestern part of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil and it extends into Argentina too.
This region is drained by the river Paraguay and its tributaries.

They collect the water from the highland areas and deposit the sediments in the low lying Pantanal region.

Pantanal is a gently sloped basin which is submerged throughout the year due to the filling of the sediments and water in the depression area of the Pantanal.

Question 5.

Which are the major water divides of India give examples.
Answer:
A mountain or an upland which separates two drainage basins is known as a Water Divide. The major Water Divides of India are :

Western Ghats: The Western Ghats acts as a water divide and separates the west flowing rivers like Zuari, Mandvi, Vaitama draining into the Arabian Sea, from the east flowing rivers like the Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri draining into the Bay of Bengal.

Vindhya ranges: It divides the drainage basin of the River Ganga and the River Narmada.

Aravali ranges: The Aravali ranges separate the west flowing river Luni from the east flowing river Banas.

Satpuda ranges: The Satpudas separate the Narmada drainage basin and the Tapi drainage basin.

( Colours of Both )
Use the physical maps of India, Brazil and the indices to answer the following:

Question 1.
In which parts do the areas with highest altitude lie in both the countries, respectively?
Answer:
In India, the Himalayas occupying the northern and the north eastern part name highest altitude. In Brazil, the Escarpment occupying the southern part has highest altitude and the highest peak Pico de Neblina lies to the north in the Guyana Highlands.

Question 2.
In which country is the range of altitude higher?
Answer:
India has higher range of altitude as compared to Brazil.

Question 3.
Compare the highest range of altitudes given in both the countries. What difference do you see?
Answer:
The highest range of altitude in Brazil is more than 1000m, whereas in India, the highest range of altitude is more than 8000 m.

Question 4.
In which direction is the slope of the Amazon river basin region?
Answer:
The slope of Amazon Basin is towards the east.

Question 5.
In which direction is the slope of the Deccan Plateau of India ?
Answer: The slope of Deccan Plateau is towards the east.

Question 6.
Tell the regions of rain shadow in both the countries.
Answer:
The rain shadow regions of India are eastern side of Western Ghats on the Deccan Plateau and western side of Eastern Ghats. The rain shadow region of Brazil lies in the north eastern part of the Great Escarpment.

Question 7.
Write a comparative note on the basins of Ganga and Amazon river. You may consider following points for the comparison.
Answer:

Points for comparison	Ganga River Basin	Amazon River Basin
(1) Size of catchment area	Spreading across the northern and eastern parts of India the Ganga River basin has a total catchment area of 10,16,124 sq. km.	Spreading across the northern parts of Brazil the Amazon River basin has a total catchment area of 70,50,000 sq. km.
(2) Their relative location within respective countries	The Ganga river basin lies to the south of the Himalayas in the North Indian plains and also occupies the northern part of the peninsula, i.e. the Central Highlands.	The Amazon river basin occupies the entire region in the north of Brazil right from the Guyana Highlands to the northern part of the Brazilian Highlands.
(3) Headwater regions of rivers.	Ganga river originates from the Gangotri Glacier in Uttarakhand.	The Amazon river originates from the eastern slopes of Andes Mountains in Peru.
(4) Orientation of the rivers	The Ganga flows eastwards passing through the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal and terminates into the Bay of Bengal. One of its branch enters into Bangladesh.	The Amazon river flows from the west to the east entirely through the states of Amazonas and Para in northern Brazil and terminates into the North Atlantic Ocean.
(5) Major tributaries and their orientation	(i)    Yamuna is the major right bank tributary of the river Ganga originating from the Yamunotri Glacier and meeting river Ganga at Allahabad. Other right bank tributaries originating from the Peninsula like river Chambal, Ken, Shon, Damodar, etc. flow northwards and join river Ganga. (ii)  The left bank tributaries like river Gomati, Ghagra, Gandak, and Kosi flow south and meet river Ganga.	(i)    Rivers like Negro, Branka, Paru flow south from the Guyana Highlands and meet the Amazon river as left bank tributaries. (ii)  River Madeira, Juruaka, Xingu and Tocantins flow northwards and join the Amazon river at its right bank.
(6) Any other point(s)	(i)    The Ganga river basin is densely populated due to the deposition of fertile alluvial soil and plenty of water available for agriculture. (ii)  Fertile plains and deltas are formed. (iii)River Ganga is 2525 km long. (iv)Water discharge is 16,648 cu.m, per sec.	(i)    Amazon river basin is sparsely populated due to dense equatorial rain forests, unfavourable climate and lack of transport links. (ii)  No deltas are formed but islands have developed along the mouth of the Amazon River. (iii) River Amazon is 6400 km long. (iv)   Water discharge is 2,09,000 cu.m, per sec.

Question 8.
Distinguish between:
Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats.
Answer:

S.no	Eastern Ghats		Western Ghats
(i)	The Eastern Ghats run along the eastern coast of India in the north east to south west direction.		(i)	The Western Ghats also known as Sahyadris run in the north-south direction along the western coast of India.
(ii)	It forms the eastern boundary of the Deccan Plateau.                                          .		(ii)	It forms the western boundary of Deccan Plateau.
(hi)	It is not continuous, but is broken at many places by rivers like Godavari and Krishna.		(iii)	The Western Ghats is like a continuous wall like structure, but is broken at same places by passes.
(iv)	Comparatively less number of rivers originate from the Eastern Ghats.		(iv)	It is a source of many westward and eastward flowing rivers.
(v)	The average altitude of the Eastern Ghats is low (600 mts) but they are wider than Western Ghats.		(v)	The average altitude of the Western Ghats is high (900-1600 mts) but it is narrower in width than Eastern Ghats.
(vi)	Highest peak of Eastern Ghats is Jindhagada (1690 m)		(vi)	Highest peak of Western Ghats is Anaimudi Peak (2695 m)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Physiography and Drainage Additional Important Questions and Answers

Choose the correct option and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
The part of North Indian Plains lying to the east of the Aravalis is called ____.
(a) Ganga Plains
(b) Brahmaputra Plains
(c) Kaveri Plains
(d) Krishna Plains
Answer:
(a) Ganga Plains

Question 2.
The delta of Ganga-Brahmaputra system is called ________.
(a) Sunderbans
(b) Parnaiba
(c) Amazon
(d) Marajo
Answer:
(a) Sunderbans

Question 3.
The western part of the North Indian Plains occupied by deserts known as ________.
(a) Thar Desert or Marusthali
(b) Gobi Desert
(c) The Deccan Thorn scrub Desert
(d) Spiti Valley Cold Desert
Answer:
(a) Thar Desert or Marusthali

Question 4.
The area lying to the south of North Indian Plains and tapering towards Indian Ocean is called _____.
(a) Himalayas
(b) Peninsula
(c) Western Ghats
(d) Indira Point
Answer:
(b) Peninsula

Question 4.
The in the north west of Peninsular India are the oldest fold mountains.
(a) Aravalis
(b) Satpudas
(c) Karakoram range
(d) Vindhya range
Answer:
(a) Aravalis

Question 6.
The ______ rivers in India are seasonal in nature.
(a) Northern
(b) Peninsular
(c) Himalayan
(d) Mountainous
Answer:
(b) Peninsular

Question 6.
River _______ is the second largest river system in India in terms of catchment area.
(a) Krishna
(b) Godavari
(c) Brahmaputra
(d) Ganga
Answer:
(b) Godavari

Question 7
The major river of Peninsula flows through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu,
(a) Kaveri
(b) Indus
(c) Ganga
(d) Brahmaputra
Answer:
(a) Kaveri

Question 8.
India is blessed with a long coastline extending for approximately
(a) 8000 km
(b) 5000 km
(c) 7500 km
(d) 7900 km
Answer:
(c) 7500 km

Question 9.
The islands in the Arabian sea are called _______ islands.
(a) Andaman and Nicobar
(b) Barren
(c) Marajo
(d) Lakshadweep
Answer:
(d) Lakshadweep

Question 10
_____ is the southernmost range of the Himalayas.
(a) Himadri
(b) Lesser Himalayas
(c) Siwaliks
(d) Kumaon Himalayas
Answer:
(c) Siwaliks

Question 12.
The Islands in the Bay of Bengal are called _______ islands.
(a) Andaman and Nicobar
(b) Maldives
(c) Corsela
(d) Lakshadweep
Answer:
(a) Andaman and Nicobar

Question 13.
The highest peak of Brazil is called _______.
(a) Pico de Neblina
(b) Mount Everest
(c) Kanchenjunga
(d) Mount Roraima
Answer:
(a) Pico de Neblina

Question 14.
The acts as a barrier to the south-east trade winds giving rise to the rain shadow area in the north – eastern part of the highlands in Brazil.
(a) Coastal Plains
(b) Escarpment
(c) Plateaus
(d) Pantanal wetlands
Answer:
(b) Escarpment

Question 15.
Amazon collects its headwaters from the eastern
slopes of Andes mountains in
(a) Uruguay
(b) Peru
(c) Ecuador
(d) Columbia
Answer:
(b) Peru

Question 16.
The Island is the only active volcano of India.
(a) Majuli
(b) St. Mary’s
(c) Barren
(d) Lakshadweep
Answer:
(c) Barren

Question 17.
______ is a large coastal island located between the mouths of river Amazon and river Tocantins,
(a) Pantanal
(b) Plata
(c) Paraniba
(d) Marajo
Answer:
(d) Marajo

Question 18.
_______ is one of the largest wetlands in the world.
(a) Plata
(b) Marajo
(c) Pantanal
(d) Paraniba
Answer:
(c) Pantanal

Question 19.
The Paraguay and the Parana rivers form the catchment of River in Argentina.
(a) Paraniba
(b) Plata
(c) Pantanal
(d) Marajo
Answer:
(b) Plata

Question 20.
____ River enters the Atlantic Ocean near Salvador town.
(a) Marajo
(b) Puraguaco
(c) Plata
(d) Parana
Answer:
(b) Puraguaco

Question 21.
The river ______ flows through Pakistan and then meets the Arabian Sea.
(a) Ganga
(b) Chambal
(c) Indus
(d) Brahmaputra
Answer:
(c) Indus

Question 22.
Ganga receives as its tributary in its lower reaches in Bangladesh.
(a) Satluj
(b) Indus
(c) Brahmaputra
(d) Ravi
Answer:
(c) Brahmaputra

Identify the correct group:

Question 1.
Parallel ranges of Himalayas from south to north
(i) Siwaliks – Lesser Himalayas – Greater Himalayas
(ii) Trans Himalayas – Kumaun – Shiwaliks
(iii) Kashmir Himalayas – Kumaun Himalayas – Assam Himalayas
Answer:
Siwaliks – Lesser Himalayas – Greater Himalayas

Question 2.
Physiographic division of India from north to south
(i) The Himalayas – The North Indian Plains – The Peninsula
(ii) The Peninsula – The Great Escarpment – The North Indian Plains
(iii) Coastal Plains – Islands – Himalayas
Answer:
The Himalayas – The North Indian Plains – The Peninsula .

Question 3.
Physiographic divisions of Brazil
(i) The Himalayas – The North Indian Plain – The Peninsula
(ii) The Highlands – The Great Escarpment – The Plains
(iii) Islands – Peninsula – Coastal Plains
Answer:
The Highlands – The Great Escarpment – The Plains

Question 4.
Three major River Basins of Brazil
(i) Ganga Basin – Brahmaputra Basin – Narmada Basin.
(ii) Paraguay Parana Basin – Amazon Basin – Sao Francisco
(iii) Godavari Basin – Krishna Basin – Kaveri Basin.
Answer:
Paraguay Parana Basin – Amazon Basin – Sao Francisco

Question 5. The order of subdivisions of North Indian Plains from west to east.
(i) Marusthali – Ganga Plains – Sunderbans
(ii) Pamir; Knot – Punjab Plains – Marusthali
(iii) Sunderbans – Vindhyas – Western Ghats
Answer:
Marusthali – Ganga Plains – Sunderbans

Match the column:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1)     Western Himalayas (2)     Central Himalayas (3)     Eastern Himalayas	(a)      Siwaliks (b)     Assam Himalayas (c)      Kashmir Himalayas (d)     Kumaun Himalayas

Answer:
1-c
2-d
3-b

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Himalayas	(a)  the western and eastern part of the Peninsula.
(2)   North Indian Plains	(b) consists of many plateaus and hill ranges
(3)   The Peninsula	(c) one of the young fold mountains in the world.
(4) The Coastal Plains	(d) lies between Himalayan mountains in the north and the Peninsula in the south.
(5) The Island group	(e) are located more than 300 km away from the mainland in the Atlantic ocean.
	(f) small and large islands along the coast of the mainland.

Answer:
1 – c
2 – d
3 – b
4 – a
5 -f

Question 3.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) The southernmost point of India	(a) Gangotri
(2) The highlands in eastern Brazil	(b) Andes mountains
(3) The origin of Ganga	(c) Guyana Highlands
(4) The origin of Amazon	(d) Indira Point
(5) The southern most point of mainland India	(e) Kanyakumari
	(f) The Great Escarpment

Answer:
1 – d
2 -f
3 – a
4 – b
5 – e

Question 4.

S.no	Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1.	Longest river of India	(a) Sao Francisco
2.	Second largest river of India	(b) Godavari
3	Longest river of Brazil	(c)    Ganga (d)    Brahmaputra (e)    Amazon

Answer:
1 – c
2 – b
3 – e

Answer the following in one sentence:

Question 1.
Which mountain is considered as one of the young fold mountains in the world?
Answer:
The Himalayas are considered as one of the young fold mountains in the world.

Question 2.
What is the southernmost range of Himalayas called?
Answer:
The southernmost range of Himalayas is called the Siwaliks.

Question 3.
Where are the North Indian Plains located?
Answer:
The North Indian Plains lies between Himalayan Mountains in the north and the Peninsula in the south.

Question 4.
Where are the Ganga Plains located?
Answer:
The Ganga Plains lie to the east of the Aravalli in the North Indian Plain.

Question 5.
What constitutes the delta of Ganga-Brahmaputra system?
Answer:
Most of the West Bengal state of India and Bangladesh together constitute the delta of Ganga Brahmaputra system.

Question 6.
What are Sunderbans?
Answer:
The delta region of Ganga-Brahmaputra system are called the Sunderbans and it extends from Indian state of West Bengal to Bangladesh.

Question 7.
What is the length of the coastline of India?
Answer:
The length of the coastline of India is approximately 7500 km.

Question 8.
Why do the rivers originating from Western Ghats form estuaries?
Answer:
Rivers originating from Western Ghats are short and swift, hence they form estuaries.

Question 9.
What are the islands located in the Arabian Sea called?
Answer:
The Islands located in the Arabian sea are called Lakshadweep Islands.

Question 10.
What are the islands located in the Bay of Bengal called?
Answer:
The islands located in the Bay of Bengal are called Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Question 11.
Name the only active volcano in India.
Answer:
Barren Island is the only active volcano in India located in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Question 12.
Which is the highest peak in Brazil?
Answer:
The highest peak in Brazil is Pico de Neblina.

Question 13.
What acts as a barrier to the South East trade winds giving rise to rainshadow area in the northeastern part of the highlands in Brazil?
Answer:
The Escarpment acts a barrier to the South East Trade winds giving rise to rainshadow area in the northeastern part of the highlands in Brazil.

Question 14.
Name the coastal island located between the mouths of river Amazon and river Tocantins.
Answer:
Marajo is a large coastal island located between the mouths of River Amazon and River Tocantins.

Question 15.
What are most of the Amazon Plains covered with?
Answer:
Most of the Amazon Plains are covered with tropical rainforests.

Question 16.
Where is Pantanal located?
Answer:
Pantanal is located in the northwestern part of Mato Grosso Do Sul in Brazil and it extends into Argentina.

Question 17.
What is a ‘Drought Quadrilateral’?
Answer:
The rain shadow region of Trade Winds lying in the northern part of Brazil is called ’Drought Quadrilateral’.

Question 18.
What is the Brazilian coast characterized by?
Answer:
The Brazilian coast is characterised by a large number of beaches and sand dune complexes.

Question 19.
What protects the Brazilian coast?
Answer:
The Brazilian coast is protected in some areas by coral reefs and atoll islands.

Question 20.
What is Pantanal?
Answer:
Pantanal, which is a region of swamps and marshes is one of the largest wetlands in the world. Located in the northwestern part of Mato Grosso Do Sul in Brazil.

Question 21.
From where does Amazon collect its head waters?
Answer:
Amazon collects its headwaters from the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains in Peru.

Question 22.
Where does the river Sao Francisco flow?
Answer:
The river flows towards the north for a distance of about 1000 km. over the Brazilian plateau and takes a sharp eastward turn to enter the coastal : strip along the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 23.
Which rivers meet the North Atlantic Ocean?
Answer:
River Paraniba and River Itapecuru meet the North Atlantic Ocean.

Question 24.
Which two river systems are covered under the Himalayan Drainage System?
Answer:
The Himalayan Drainage System cover two major river systems such as the Indus river system and the Ganga river system.

Question 25.
What are ’Kayals’?
Answer:
The coastal rivers in Kerala have long extending backwaters near their mouths, which are locally known as ’Kayals.’

Question 26.
Name the three major river basins of Brazil.
Answer:
The three major river basins of Brazil are Amazon Basin, Paraguay-Parana system in the southwest and Sao Francisco in the eastern part of the highland.

Question 27.
What is the approximate discharge of Amazon river?
Answer:
The approximate discharge of Amazon river is about 2 lakh m3/s.

Question 28.
Where are the rivers Paraguay-Parana located?
Answer:
The rivers Paraguay and Parana are located in the south-western part of Brazil.

Question 29.
Which is the third important river of Brazil?
Answer:
Sao Francisco is the third important river of Brazil.

Question 30.
How are Indian rivers classified?
Answer:
The rivers in India are classified into Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.

Question 31.
Name the major tributary of river Ganga.
Answer:
Yamuna, originating at Yamunotri is a major tributary of Ganga.

Question 32.
From where do Himalayas extend?
Answer:
The Himalayas extend from Pamir Knot in Tajikistan to the east.

Question 33.
Which physical division lies between the Himalayas and the Peninsula?
Answer:
The North Indian Plains lie between the Himalayas in the north and the Peninsula in the south.

Question 34.
Which physical division forms the core of the South American continent?
Answer:
The Brazilian and Guyana Highlands forms the core of the South American continent.

Question 35.
The Guyana highlands cover, which states of Brazil?
Answer: The Guyana highlands cover the states of Roraima, Para and Amapa in Brazil.

Question 36.
Because of which physical division is the eastern side of Brazilian highlands are demarcated?
Answer:
The eastern side of Brazilian highlands are demarcated because of the Great Escarpment.

Question 37.
Which is the largest plain land of Brazil?
Answer:
The Amazon plains lying in the northern part is the largest plain land of Brazil.

Question 38.
On which coast of India are deltas found?
Answer:
Deltas are found on the eastern coast of India.

Name the following:

Question 1.
Five major physiographic divisions of India.
Answer:
The Himalayas, The North Indian Plains, The Peninsula, Coastal Plains and Island groups.

Question 2.
West-East division of Himalayas.
Answer:
Western Himalayas (Kashmir Himalayas),
Central Himalayas (Kumaun Himalayas) and Eastern Himalayas (Assam Himalayas).

Question 3.
Region constituting delta of Ganga-Brahmaputra system or world’s largest delta. .
Answer:
Sunderbans.

Question 4.
Coast bordering Arabian sea.
Answer:
Western Coast.

Question 5.
Coast bordering Bay of Bengal.
Answer:
Eastern Coast.

Question 6.
Islands in the Arabian Sea.
Answer:
Lakshadweep Islands.

Question 7.
Islands in the Bay of Bengal.
Answer:
Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Question 8.
Other name of Thar Desert.
Answer:
Marusthali.

Question 9.
Ranges in the central part of India.
Answer:
Vindhyas and Satpuda.

Question 10.
Physiographic divisions of Brazil.
Answer:
The Highlands, The Great Escarpment, The Coasts, The Plains, The Island group.

Question 11.
Length of coastline of Brazil.
Answer:
Approximately 7400 km

Question 12.
Major river basins of Brazil.
Answer:
Amazon Basin, Paraguya-Parana system, Sao Francisco.

Question 13.
Two main Himalayan river basins of India.
Answer:
Ganga river basin and Indus river basin.

Question 14.
Origin of Ganga in Himalayas
Answer:
Gangotri Glacier

Question 15.
Major tributary of Ganga
Answer:
Yamuna river.

Question 16.
Tributaries of River Indus.
Answer:
Rivers Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Satluj.

Question 17.
Origin of River Satluj.
Answer:
Mansarovar.

Question 18.
Rivers flowing into the Gulf of Khambhat.
Answer:
Rivers Tapi, Narmada, Mahi, and Sabarmati.

Question 19.
River basin located to the south of River Godavari.
Answer:
Basin of River Krishna.

Question 20.
Plains formed due to depositional work of river Satluj.
Answer:
Punjab Plains.

Question 21.
Tributaries of Peninsula joining the Ganga basin.
Answer:
Rivers Chambal, Ken, Betawa, Shon, and Damodar.

Question 22.
States having short and swift river systems.
Answer:
Kerala, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra.

Question 23.
River originating from the eastern slopes of Western Ghats.
Answer:
Rivers Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri.

Question 24.
Largest wetlands in the world.
Answer:
Pantanal.

Question 25.
Highest peak of Brazil
Answer:
Pico de Neblina.

Question 26.
Western border of Indian Peninsula.
Answer:
Western Ghats.

Question 27.
Eastern border of Indian Peninsula.
Answer:
Eastern Ghats.

Question 28.
Oldest fold mountains of India.
Answer:
Aravallis.

Question 29.
Major mountain system of Asia.
Answer:
Himalayas.

Identify the type on the basis of the statement

Question 1.
A landform formed due to deposition of sediment carried by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enters slower-moving or standing water.
Answer:
Delta.

Question 2.
The area where land meets the sea or ocean, or a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake.
Answer:
Coast.

Question 3.
Portion of land drained by a river and its tributaries.
Answer:
River Basin.

Question 4.
majority of its border, (Usually three sides) while being connected to a mainland from which it extends.
Answer:
The Peninsula.

Question 5.
A steep slope or long cliff that forms as an effect of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively leveled areas having differing elevations.
Answer:
Escarpment.

Question 6.
Any piece of land that is surrounded by water all the sides.
Answer:
Island.

 Mark the following on the map with the given information:

Question 1.
On the outline map of India.
(a) Aravali hills
(b) Himalayas/Greater Himalayas
(c) Vindhya Range and Satpuda Range
(d) Gulf of Mannar
(e) Western Ghats
(f) Eastern Ghats
(g) Gulf of Kutch
(h) Gulf of Khambhat
(i) K2
(j) Sunderbans
(k) Thar Desert/Marusthali
Answer:

Question 2.
On the outline map of India mark the following.
(a) Northern Mountainous Region
(b) North Indian Plains
(c) The Peninsular Plateau
(d) Western Coastal Plain
(e) Eastern Coastal Plain
(f) Lakshadweep Island
(g) Andman-Nicobar Islands
(h) Western and Eastern Ghats
Answer:

Question 3.
Show the following on the outline map of India.
(a) R. Ganga
(b) R. Indus
(c) R. Brahmaputra
(d) R. Narmada
(e) R. Tapi
(f) R. Godavari
(g) R. Mahanadi
(h) R. Krishna
(i) R. Kaveri
(j) R. Luni
(k) R. Sabarmati
(l) R. Mahi
(m) R. Yamuna
(n) R. Damodar
Answer:

Question 4.
On the outline map of Brazil, mark the following:
(a) Guyana Highlands
(b) Brazilian Highlands
(c) Great Escarpment
(d) Marajo Island
(e) Marajo Bay
(f) Sao Marcos Bay
(g) Atlantic Ocean
(h) Pantanal Wetlands
(i) Pico De Neblina Peak
(j) Cassino Beach
Answer:

Question 5.
On an outline map of Brazil, show all major rivers of Brazil.
(a) River Amazon
(b) River Sao Francisco
(c) River Parana
(d) River Paraguay
(e) River Itapecuru
(f) River Paraniba
(g) River Puraguaco
(h) River Uruguay
Answer:

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
There are no deltas on the western coast of India.
Answer:
(i) Deltas are formed in the coastal areas where there is gentle slope, because the rivers slow down forming distributaries and channels.

(ii) The western coast bordering the Western Ghats are by and large rocky coasts having a narrow width.

(iii) Many short and swift seasonal rivers originate from the steep western slopes of the Western Ghats.

(iv) As the rivers flow through steep slopes, their velocity increases. So there is very little deposition
made by them.

(v) Hence, there are no deltas on the western coast of India.

Question 2.
Many deltas are found along the Eastern coast of India.
Answer:
(i) The eastern coast borders the Bay of Bengal. It has been formed as a result of depositional work of rivers.

(ii) Many east flowing rivers rising from the Western and Eastern Ghats after travelling a long distance join the Bay of Bengal at this coast.

(iii) Because of the gentle slope of the land, rivers flow at lower velocities and deposit the sediments brought with them at the coast.
Therefore, this coast is comparatively wider than the west.

(iv) As a result, deltas are found along the eastern coast of India.

Question 3.
The region to the north of the Escarpment is called Drought Quadrilateral.
Answer:
(i) The eastern side of the Highlands is demarcated because of the Escarpment having an altitude of 790 m.

(ii) The Escarpment acts as a barrier to the Southeast trade winds and cause orographic type of rainfall in the coastal region.

(iii) Beyond the highlands the effect of these winds gets reduced leading to minimal rainfall.

(iv) A rain shadow region is formed to the north east of the Escarpment. Thus, the region to the north of this area is called “Drought Quadrilateral”.

Question 4.
The Amazon Plains are covered by inaccessible tropical rainforest.
Answer:
(i) The northern part of Brazil lying between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, i.e. in the Tropical zone is covered largely by the Amazon Plains.

(ii) Amazon plains lying between the Guyana highlands and the Brazilian highlands form the largest plain land of Brazil.

(iii) The Amazon valley receives very heavy rainfall of around 2000 mm and the average temperature here is 25 to 28°C.

(iv) These conditions favor the dense growth of tropical rain forests. Due to frequent flooding and dense undergrowth, these forests are largely inaccessible.

Question 5.
Pantanal is called the largest wetlands in the world.
Answer:
(i) Pantanal lies towards the south western part of the highland area in Brazil.

(ii) Roughly 80% of the Pantanal flood plains are submerged during the rainy season.

(iii) This region is filled with swamps and marshes from the northwestern part of Mato Grosso Do Sul in Brazil till Argentina.

(iv) Hence Pantanal is called the largest wetland in the world.

Question 6.
Agriculture is widely practised in the plains of Punjab region.
Answer:
(i) Plains of Punjab lie to the north of Rajasthan. This region is spreads to the west of Aravalis and Delhi ranges.

Question 1. These plains have formed as a result of the depositional work by river Sutluj and its tributaries.

(iii) Since the soil here is very fertile, agriculture is largely practised in this region.

(iv) Thus, due to.the availability of fertile soil and ample water suppy agriculture is practised here.

Question 7.
Write notes on :
Answer:

The Western Ghats:

(i) Western Ghats also known as Sahyadri (Benevolent Mountains) is a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula.

(ii) The range runs north to south along the western : edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain, called West coastal plan, along the Arabian Sea.

(iii) The range starts near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the Tapi river, and runs approximately 1,600 km through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu ending near Kanyakumari, at the southern tip of India.

(iv) The altitude of the western Ghats increases towards the south.

Island group of India:

(i) India has many small and large islands along the coast of the mainland. These are included in the coastal island group.

(ii) Besides, India has two large group of islands, one each in the Arabian Sea and in the Bay of Bengal.

(iii) The islands in the Arabian Sea are known as Lakshadweep whereas the islands in the Bay of Bengal are called the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

(iv) Most of the islands in Lakshadweep are atoll islands.

(v) They are small in extent and not very high.

(vi) Islands in the Andaman group are mainly volcanic islands.

(vii) They are large with hills in their interior parts, which includes an island called Barren Island which has the only active volcano in India. There are atolls in the Nicobar group too.

 Brazilian Highlands:

(i) Southern Brazil is occupied by an extensive plateau. It is known as the Brazilian Highlands or the Brazilian Shield or the Brazilian Plateau.

(ii) Brazilian and Guyana Highlands together form the core of South American continent.

(iii) The main part of the Guyana Highlands is in Venezuela and it extends up to French Guiana. In Brazil, it covers the states of Roraima, Para and Amapa in the north.

(iv) The lower part of these highlands is found in Brazil. But the highest peak of Brazil, Pico de Neblina, 3014 m lies on the border between Brazil and Venezuela.

(v) The regions to the east and south of the Brazilian highlands have an altitude of more than 1000m. But in other parts, the altitude is between 500 to 1000m.

(vi) The highlands gradually slope towards north and the slopes are not very steep.

(vii) The tributaries of Amazon flowing through this region make rapids and waterfalls. Towards the north the slopes are steep but not abrupt. A number of rivers originate from the terminal portion of the highlands and flow northwards to meet Atlantic Ocean.

(viii) Some major rivers like Uruguay, Paraguay and Parana originate from the southern slopes of the highlands and enter Argentina. Its slope towards the east is steep and it appears in the form of an escarpment.

Coastal Plains of India:

(i) India is blessed with a long coastline extending for approximately 7500 km.

(ii) It lies to the western and eastern part of the Peninsula. Its western and eastern coastlines show remarkable dissimilarities.

(iii) The western coast borders the Arabian Sea. It is by and large a rocky coast.

(iv) At places, spurs starting from the Western Ghats have extended right up to the western coast. Its width is also less.

(v) Rivers originating from Western Ghats are short and swift and hence they form estuaries and not deltas.

(vi) The eastern coast borders the Bay of Bengal. It has formed as a result of depositional work of rivers.

(vii) Many east flowing rivers rising from the Western and Eastern Ghats meet the eastern coast.

(viii) Because of the gentle slope of the land, rivers flow at lower velocities and deposit the sediments brought with them at the eastern coast. As a result, deltas are found along this coast.

The Plains of Brazil:

(i) The plains in Brazil are confined to two areas namely the Amazon basin in the north and Paraguay-Parana source region in the southwest.

(ii) Amazon plains lying between the two highlands form the largest plain land of Brazil.

(iii) Amazon plains lying in the northern parts of Brazil generally slope eastwards.

(iv) The Amazon basin is quite wide in the west (about 1300 km) and it narrows eastward. Its width is minimum where the Guyana Highlands and Brazilian Highland come closer. (240 km.)

(v) As the river approaches the Atlantic Ocean, the width of the plains increases.

(vi) These are mostly forested areas and largely inaccessible due to frequent flooding and dense undergrowth. Most of the Amazon plains are covered by tropical rainforests.

(vii) The other plains in Brazil are located to the southwestern part of the highlands. They form the source region of Paraguay and Parana rivers.

(viii) The source region of Paraguay slopes towards the south while the source region of Parana slopes towards the southwest.

(ix) Pantanal is one of the largest wetlands in the world. It lies towards the southwest part of the highland areas. It is a region of swamps and marshes in northwestern part of Mato Grosso Do Sul in Brazil and it extends into Argentina.

Coastal Rivers of Brazil:

(i) Brazil has a number of short coastal rivers.
Question 1. The coastal area being densely populated these rivers attain significance.
(iii) River Pamaiba and River Itapecuru flowing northwards meet the North Atlantic Ocean.
(iv) The rivers that enter South Atlantic Ocean collect their headwaters along the escarpment.
(v) River Puraguaco enters the Atlantic Ocean near Salvador town.

Paraguay – Parana system:

(i) These two rivers are located in the southwestern part of Brazil.
(ii) Both the rivers form the catchment of River Plata in Argentina.
(iii) These two rivers and river Uruguay in extreme south of the highlands collect their headwaters from the southern portion of the highlands.

Indus River System:

(i) Indus and its tributaries (Jhelum, Beas, Chenab, Ravi and Satluj) drain the Western Himalayas i.e., they flow through the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

(ii) They flow almost parallel to each other.

(iii) A major tributary of river Indus, the Satluj, originates near Mansarovar and flows westwards.

(iv) Punjab Plains have formed from the depositional work of this river and its tributaries.

(v) Indus flows through Pakistan and then meets the Arabian Sea.

Ganga River System:

(i) The river Ganga originates from the Gangotri glacier and crosses the Himalayas to become an east-flowing river.

(ii) Many tributaries of the Ganga also flow in a similar manner.

(iii) River Yamuna, originating at Yamunotri, is a major tributary of Ganga.

(iv) Another major tributary of the Ganga flows through the northern part of the Greater Himalayas, crosses the Himalayas to enter India.

(v) When it flows through the Himalayas it is called Tsang Po.

(vi) When it crosses the Himalayas, it is called Dihang and its eastward flow thereafter is called as Brahmaputra.

(vii) From time to time, Ganga meets its tributaries, hence its discharge increases.

(viii) Ganga receives Brahmaputra as its tributary in its lower reaches in Bangladesh. The huge volume of water and huge deposition has led to the formation of a large delta.

(ix) Besides these Himalayan rivers, Ganga receives a number of tributaries from Peninsula like Shon, Damodar, etc.

Rivers Meeting the Arabian Sea:

(i) The west flowing rivers occupying the area between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea are short in length but swift.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 1.3 Basketful of Moonlight Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 My English Coursebook Solutions Chapter 1.3 Basketful of Moonlight

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 1.3 Basketful of Moonlight Textbook Questions and Answers

warming up!

Chit-chat:

Question 1.
Did you like to hear bedtime stories when you were a child?
Answer:
Points: Yes, very much-crazy for hearing-got into the habit.

Question 2.
Who usually told you the stories?
Answer:
Points: Mostly grandmother or grandfather-mother, father, old servant.

Question 3.
Why did you like them?
Answer:
Points: Because of simple, interesting, amusing narration-teaching lessons of life-sometimes very funny.

Question 4.
Do you still like to hear those stories again?
Answer:
Points: Yes, sure-everlasting excitement- attraction-inspire reading more stories.

1. Discuss in groups about the procedure of planting a tree. Write the steps in bullet points and present them before the class.

Question 1.
Discuss in groups about the procedure of planting a tree. Write the steps in bullet points and present them before the class.
Answer:

• Choosing good seeds of plants.
• Digging in the ground/garden
• Putting seeds in the loose soil
• Add manure
• Fill in the pit/hole
• Water it.

2. Discuss in pairs and write what your father and mother do for your family.

Question 1.
Discuss in pairs and write what your father and mother do for your family.
Answer:

Father	Mother
Works hard to earn money	Cooks food and feeds the family.
Performs duties as the head of the family	Takes utmost care of the children and family.
Guides in children’s problems.	Keeps the house clean and tidy.
Role model of the all family members.	Brings up children with love and compassion.
Decides the ways of children’s life/careers.	Looks after children’s education/career.
Takes most of the decisions for the well-being of the family.	Sometimes takes a job to meet the expenses.

English Workshop:

1. Complete the following sentences with the help of the poem.

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences with the help of the poem.
(a) The child wants to sow small moons of light from ………….. .
(b) According to the child the route of his village is tough and full of ………….. .
(c) The child wants a basketful of moonlight on ………….. .
(d) The child wants to light the dark route so that his ………….. .
Answer:
(a) The child wants to sow moons of light from the city to his village on the sides of the path.
(b) According to the child, the route of his village is tough and full of snakes and scorpions.
(c) Thechild wants a basketful of moonlight on loan.
(d) The child wants to light the dark route so that his father returns early.

2. Write down the describing words used for the following nouns.

Question 1.
Write down the describing words used for the following nouns.

1. ………… moons
2. ………… route
3. ………… village
4. ………… morning

Answer:

1. small moons
2. tough route
3. my/whole village
4. early morning

3. The child in the poem wants to solve the problems of his vifiage. How can the child solve them with the following wishes? Answer in your notebook.

Question a.
Give me moonlight, basketful or two baskets full, with seeds of moonlight.
Answer:
He can seek help of local people and urge the government or local bodies to provide lights on the roads from the city to his village.

Question b.
I want to light the dark route so that my father returns early.
Answer:
He can, with the help of villagers/government, build good roads and make the roads safe so that his father and other villagers can return safe and early to their village.

4. Pick out and write the lines from the poem that prove the following.
(a) Father reaches home late, after dark. …………………..
(b) Eager to hear fairy tales from his father. ………………….
(c) Remove darkness and bring light among the darker paths. …………

Question a.
Father reaches home late, after dark.
Answer:
When my father returns home, I am asleep.

Question b.
Eager to hear fairy tales from his father.
Answer:
I too want to hear fairy tales and stories from him.

Question c.
Remove darkness and bring light among the darker paths.
Answer:
I want to light the dark route so that my father returns early.

5. Write as many words as you can, using – ‘ful’ as suffix.

For example basketful, ……………………… bucketful, ……………………… ……………………… ………………………
……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………

Question 1.
Write as many words as you can, using – ‘ful’ as suffix.
For example basketful, ……………………… bucketful, ……………………… ……………………… ………………………
……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………
Answer:
basketful – bucketful – handful – spoonful – colourful – sackful – bagful – potful

6. Pick out the examples of Alliteration and Repeiltion from the poem.

Question 1.
Pick out the examples of Alliteration and Repeiltion from the poem.
Answer:
1. Alliteration:

• O moon, give me a basketful of moonlight on loan.
• I want to sow seeds of moon on the sides of the path.

2. Repetition: No repetition in these stanzas.

7. Write an appreciation of the poem. (Refer to Page 5.)

Question 1.
Write an appreciation of the poem. (Refer to Page 5.)
Answer:

1. Title: The title of the poem is “Basketful of Moonlight.”
2. The name of the Poet: The name of the poet is Sunil Sharma.
3. Rhyme scheme: There is no rhyme scheme in this poem. This a poem is in ‘free verse.’
4. Figure of Speech: Repetition, alliteration, apostrophy.
5. Theme/Central Idea: The central idea of the poem is the loneliness of a child in a remote village untouched by modern amenities.
6. The child is too far from the modern urban life that even his remedy for the plight of his villagers seems quite innocent and plain.

8. Write an imaginary letter to the moon, to convey your feelings about it. Discuss about it with your partner and draft the letter using the poem as a basis for the letter.
Supporting points:
(a) Sign of beauty
(b) Symbol of joy
(c) Infinite pleasure
(d) Urge to compose poems/songs/music

Question 1.
Write an imaginary letter to the moon, to convey your feelings about it. Discuss about it with your partner and draft the letter using the poem as a basis for the letter.
Supporting points:
(a) Sign of beauty
(b) Symbol of joy
(c) Infinite pleasure
(d) Urge to compose poems/songs/music
Answer:

A Letter to the Moon

Atul More,
Gavali Pada,
Chandrapur,
17th August, 2020.
Dear Chandamama,
How we love you!
Dear, you are the symbol of love and beauty not only for children like us but also for the grown¬ups. You are the one who looks after all the living ‘ things on the earth and gives joy to all of them. Looking at you gives us a great heavenly joy. Your cool light gives us comfort and soothes our body and soul.

Your cool light guides the travellers at night and gives infinite pleasure of walking in the serenely: beautiful light. Mothers sing your songs to make children sleep. Your beauty inspires poets and musicians to compose songs.

Without your presence, who will write lullabies for us, your dear children? Who will write romantic poems without your presence? Chandamama, be with us all the time to fill our hearts with your beauty, love and pleasant appearance.
With Basketful of Love,
Your loving nephew,
Atul More

9. Discuss with your friend/brother/sister/your classmate and write your list of wishes to make your village town city people happy.
You can use the following words.

Question 1.
Discuss with your friend/brother/sister/your classmate and write your list of wishes to make your village town city people happy.
You can use the following words.
Answer:

1. To provide all modern facilities like electricity, good roads, water supply, etc. to villagers living in remote areas.
2. To improve the conditions of poor farmers with aids, funds and full support during drought.
3. To eradicate poverty, ignorance and illiteracy.
4. To keep their surroundings clean and healthy.
5. To fight against injustice, corruption and terrorism.
6. To maintain peace and order in the society.
7. To remove their beliefs in superstitions.
8. To make them aware of their sense of duty.

10. Let’s compose imaginary poetic lines.

Question 1.
Let’s compose imaginary poetic lines.
Answer:

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 1.3 Basketful of Moonlight Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activity:

Question 1.
Complete the following lines with the help of the poem:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. The poet wants to sow many small moons of light.
2. The whole village goes to the city daily to work.
3. It becomes dark on its way back as his village is quite far.
4. When the poet’s father returns home he is asleep.

Complex Factual Activities:

Question 1.
What does the poet wish to get from the moon and why?
Answer:
The poet wishes to get basketful or two baskets of moon-light from the moon so that he can sow the seeds of moonlight to light the dark path from the city to his village.

Question 2.
Why is the road from the city to the village dangerous?
Answer:
The road from the city to the village is dangerous because it is dark, tough and full of snakes and scorpions.

Question 3.
Choose from the options, appropriate message in the poem:
(a) Bring light to the villages.
(b) Help his father to reach home early.
(c) Listen fairy tales from his father.
(d) Remove darkness and bring light along the darker paths.
Answer:
(a) Bring light to the villages.

Question 4.
Pick out and write the lines from the poem that prove the following:

b. The path from city to village is having many difficulties.
Answer:
The route is tough and full of snakes and scorpions.

Question 5.
What does deliberate repetition of lines ‘O moon, give me moonlight, basketful of moonlight’ signify?
Answer:
The repetition of lines emphasises the intense desire of the child to light the dark route from city to his village with a lot of moonlight. The lines tell us that the child is repeatedly requesting the moon to give him basketful of moonlight because he is in a state of agitation and anxiety. The lines show the child’s intensity and eagerness to free his villagers from their sufferings of dark paths.

Question 6.
Tell what is implied in the following lines:
I want to light the dark route so that my father returns early.
OR
Complete the web:
(Answer is directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Activities based on Poetic Device:

Question 1.
Pick out the examples of alliteration and repetition:
Answer:
1. Alliteration: O moon, give me moonlight, basketful or two baskets full’,
2. Repetition: ‘I want to sow many, small small moons of light,’

Question 2.
Write rhyming words for the following from the extract:

1. Pack
2. deeds
3. any
4. pity

Answer:

1. Pack-back
2. deeds-seeds
3. any-many
4. pity-city

Question 3.
Give your own rhyming words for the following:
1. dark
2. sow
Answer:
1. dark – park
2. sow – bow.

Vocabulary Focus:

Question 1.
Write down from the extract the describing words used for the following nouns:

1. …………… baskets
2. ……………. route
3. …………….. tales

Answer:

1. two baskets
2. dark route
3. fairy tales

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Kumarbharti Chapter 10 आप्पांचे पत्र Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Kumarbharti Chapter 10 आप्पांचे पत्र

Marathi Kumarbharti Std 10 Digest Chapter 10 आप्पांचे पत्र Textbook Questions and Answers

कृति

कृतिपत्रिकेतील प्रश्न १ (अ) आणि (आ) यांसाठी…

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा.
(अ) आजची मुले सुदैवी आहेत, कारण ………………………….
(आ) पुस्तकाची पाने व झाडाची पाने दोन्ही महत्त्वाची असतात, कारण ………………………….
उत्तर:
(अ) आजची मुले सुदैवी आहेत; कारण रोज नवीन नवीन गोष्टी त्यांच्या कानांवर पडतात.
(आ) पुस्तकाची पाने व झाडाची पाने दोन्ही महत्त्वाची असतात; कारण पुस्तकाच्या पानात डोक्याचे खादय असते आणि झाडाच्या पानात झाडाला जगवण्याचे बळ असते.

प्रश्न 2.
आकृती पूर्ण करा.
(i)
उत्तर:

(ii)
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
योग्य पर्याय निवडा.

(अ) आप्पांच्या मते चिंतेमुळे फक्त – ………………………………….
(१) हृदयाची धडधड वाढते.
(२) कपाळावरच्या आठ्या वाढतात.
(३) विदयार्थ्याचे गुण वाढतात.
उत्तर:
आप्पांच्या मते, चिंतेमुळे फक्त कपाळावरच्या आठ्या वाढतात.

प्रश्न 4.
विचारप्रक्रियेतील आव्हान वाढते.

(आ) शिपाईसुद्धा कौतुकास पात्र ठरतो जेव्हा – ………………………………….
(१) तो रोज उपस्थित असतो.
(२) तो सर्वांची काळजी घेतो.
(३) तो चांगलं काम करतो.
(४) तो सर्वांशी चांगले बोलतो.
उत्तर:
शिपाईसुद्धा कौतुकास पात्र ठरतो; जेव्हा तो चांगलं काम करतो.

प्रश्न 5.
आप्पांचे खालील गुण दर्शवणारी वाक्ये पाठातून शोधून लिहा.
(अ) आप्पांचे शिक्षणप्रेम – ………………………………….
(आ) स्वच्छता – ………………………………….
उत्तर:
(अ) आप्पांचे शिक्षणप्रेम: मीच कधी कधी तुमचे शिक्षक जे शिकवत असतात, ते खिडकीतून ऐकत असतो.
(आ) स्वच्छता: आपल्या ग्रंथालयात एकाही पुस्तकावर तुम्हांला धूळ दिसणार नाही, कारण मी तिथे काम करतो.

प्रश्न 6.
चौकटी पूर्ण करा.
आप्पांनी विद्यार्थ्यांकडून त्यांच्या भावी जीवनाबद्दल व्यक्त केलेल्या अपेक्षा

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 7.
खालील वाक्यांतील क्रियाविशेषणे ओळखा.
(अ) ती लगबगीने घरी पोहोचली.
(आ) जोसेफ अवघड गणितदेखील सहज सोडवतो.
(इ) आज खूप कडाक्याचे ऊन पडले होते.
उत्तर:
क्रियाविशेषणे –
(i) लगबगीने
(ii) सहज
(iii) आज.

प्रश्न 8.
खालील वाक्यांतील शब्दयोगी अव्यये शोधा.
(अ) पक्ष्याने दाण्यांवर झडप घातली.
(आ) तिचा चेहरा सारखा डोळ्यांसमोर येतोय.
(इ) छोटा बाळ मुलांबरोबर खाऊ खात होता.
(ई) परीक्षेत सुयश मिळाल्यामुळे विद्यार्थी सुखावले.
उत्तर:
शब्दयोगी अव्यये –
(i) वर
(ii) समोर
(iii) बरोबर
(iv) मुळे.

प्रश्न 9.
स्वमत.
(अ) ‘पाण्याचे वाया जाणारे थेंब वाचवणं हे दुःखी माणसाच्या डोळ्यांतलं पाणी पुसण्याएवढंच महत्त्वाचं काम आहे’, आप्पांच्या या विधानामागील अर्थ स्वत:च्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तर:
दोन वर्षांपूर्वी महाराष्ट्रात भीषण दुष्काळ पडला होता. ग्रामीण भागाची पाण्याअभावी दैना उडाली होती. सर्वत्र हाहाकार माजला होता. कळशीभर पाण्यासाठी लोक रात्रंदिवस मैलोनमैल भटकत राहायचे, हजारो माणसे गावे सोडून शहरांकडे स्थलांतरित झाली होती. त्या दुष्काळात शेकडो लोक मरण पावले. कित्येकांनी आत्महत्या केल्या. उद्योगधंदे बंद पडले. माणसे बेकार झाली. शेती ओस पडली. उपासमारीची दृश्ये दिसू लागली. त्या दुष्काळाने महाराष्ट्राच्या डोळ्यांत पाणी आले होते.

आपण पाणी जपून वापरले तर वाचलेले पाणी तहानलेल्यांना प्यायला मिळेल, जनावरे जगतील. शेती वाचेल. कारखान्यांना पाणी मिळेल. म्हणजे लोकांची दुःखे दूर होतील. समाधानाने जगण्याचा मार्ग मोकळा होईल, वेगळ्या शब्दांत, ‘लोकांच्या डोळ्यांतील अश्रू पुसले जातील.’ वाया जाणारे पाणी वाचवणे म्हणजे नवीन पाणी निर्माण करणे होय, हे आपण आता तरी लक्षात घेतले पाहिजे.

(आ) ‘जग विचारेल तुम्हांला, शाळेत तुम्हांला किती गुण मिळाले ? पण मी सांगेन जगाला तुम्ही किती गुणी आहात.’ या वाक्यांतील अभिप्रेत अर्थ लिहा.
उत्तर:
मुले मैदानावर खेळताना-बागडताना मनसोक्त गोंधळ घालत आहेत, असे वरवर पाहता वाटते. हा गोंधळ म्हणजे मुलांचे दिशाहीन भरकटणे नव्हे. हा गोंधळ कोणत्याही अर्थाने वाईट किंवा मूल्यहीन नसतो. त्यांचे मन मुक्तपणे खेळण्यातून स्वतःच्या प्रगतीची दिशा शोधत असते. आप्पांच्या मते, मुलांची ऊर्मी, त्यातला अनावर बेधडकपणा, अलोट उत्साह हे गुण ज्यांच्याकडे असतात, ती माणसे जीवनात कोणतेही अवघड कार्य पार पाडू शकतात. म्हणून आप्पांना मुक्तपणे खेळणारी मुले गुणी वाटतात. त्यांच्याविषयी त्यांना भरपूर विश्वास वाटतो. तोच विश्वास ते बोलून दाखवत आहेत.

(इ) आप्पांनी तुमच्याविषयीच्या व्यक्त केलेल्या अपेक्षा तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा. या अपेक्षा पूर्ण करण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय कराल ते लिहा.
उत्तर:
सरधोपटपणे जीवनाचे ध्येय ठरवू नये, हे आप्पांचे म्हणणे मला खूपच पटते. कोणतेही काम निवडायला हरकत नाही. पण ते आवडीने पार पाडायचे, हे मी ठरवूनच टाकले आहे. मी एक वेगळेच ध्येय स्वत:साठी ठरवून टाकले आहे. मी खूप अभ्यास करणार आहे. खूप विचार करून शोधून काढणार आहे. वर्गात कोणताही विषय उत्तम रितीने कसा शिकवायचा, याचा शोध घेणार आहे. त्याचा शाळेशाळेत जाऊन प्रसार करणार आहे. आधी मला हा विचार सुचला, तेव्हा खूप भीती वाटली होती की माझे कोण ऐकेल ? कोण समजून घेईल? पण आप्पांनी सांगितले तसे मी करणार आहे. मनापासून, जीव ओतून मी ठरवलेले काम करणार आहे. मला खात्री आहे की मी यशस्वी होईनच.

Marathi Kumarbharti Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 10 आप्पांचे पत्र Additional Important Questions and Answers
प्रश्न. पुढील उतारा वाचा आणि दिलेल्या सूचनांनुसार कृती करा:

कृती १: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा:
(i) आप्पांना विदयार्थ्यांशी बोलायची कधी संधीच मिळाली नाही; कारण
(ii) शिपाई होण्याची इच्छा फारच कमी मुलांची असते; कारण
उत्तर:
(i) आप्पांना विद्यार्थ्यांशी बोलायची कधी संधीच मिळाली नाही; कारण विद्यार्थी नेहमी घाईत असायचे.
(ii) शिपाई होण्याची इच्छा फारच कमी मुलांची असते; कारण त्यांना शिपाई हे पद कमी महत्त्वाचे वाटते.

प्रश्न 2.
आकृत्या पूर्ण करा:

उत्तर:

कृती २: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
विधाने पूर्ण करा:
(i) बिस्मिल्लाह खान जगभर लोकप्रिय झाले; कारण ……………………………….
(अ) त्यांनी जगभर सनई वादनाचे कार्यक्रम केले.
(ब) हिंदी चित्रपटांतील खूप गाण्यांसाठी सनई वादन केले.
(क) ते खूप मन लावून सनई वाजवायचे.
(ड) त्यांचे वडील फार मोठे सनई वादक होते.
उत्तर:
(i) बिस्मिल्लाह खान जगभर लोकप्रिय झाले; कारण ते खूप मन लावून सनई वाजवायचे.

(ii) शाळेतले शिक्षक जे शिकवत, ते आप्पा खिडकीतून ऐकत असत; कारण ……………………………….
(अ) ते शिक्षक खूप चांगले शिकवत असत.
(ब) ते सगळे शिकायचे लहानपणी राहून गेले.
(क) त्या शिकवण्याचा जीवनात उपयोग झाला असता.
(ड) स्वत:च्या मुलांचा अभ्यास घेताना उपयोग झाला असता.
उत्तर:
(ii) शाळेतले शिक्षक जे शिकवत, ते आप्पा खिडकीतून ऐकत असत; कारण ते सगळे शिकायचे लहानपणी राहून गेले.

प्रश्न 2.
आप्पांचे पुढील गुण दर्शवणारी वाक्ये पाठातून शोधून लिहा:
(i) उत्कृष्टतेचा ध्यास: …………………………….
उत्तर:
(i) उत्कृष्टतेचा ध्यास: तुम्ही जे कराल ते जगात सर्वोत्तम असले पाहिजे, असं मला वाटतं.

कृती ३: (व्याकरण)

प्रश्न 1.
अनेकवचन लिहा:

• वर्ष
• उपदेश
• माणूस
• शाळा
• वाटा
• शिपाई
• गाडी
• वस्तू
• लाडू
• केळे
• सासू
• लांडगा.

उत्तर:

• वर्ष – वर्षे
• उपदेश – उपदेश
• माणूस – माणसे
• शाळा – शाळा
• वाटा – वाटे
• शिपाई – शिपाई
• गाडी – गाड्या
• वस्तू – वस्तू
• लाडू – लाडू
• केळे – केळी
• सासू – सासवा
• लांडगा – लांडगे.

प्रश्न 2.
पुढील शब्दांतून विशेषणे व विशेष्ये यांचे दोन गट करा:
अर्धा, मुली, खूप, रुपये, तीव्र, किरण, वेडी, माणसे, लाडू, पक्का, दोन, वाटा, चांगले, रंग, अक्षर, लहान.
उत्तर:
विशेषणे: अर्धा, खूप, तीव्र, वेडी, पक्का, दोन, चांगले, लहान, विशेष्ये: मुली, रुपये, किरण, माणसे, लाडू, वाटा, रंग, अक्षर.

प्रश्न 3.
पुढील वाक्यांतील क्रियापदे ओळखून लिहा:
(i) तो चालताना पाय घसरून पडला.
(ii) खाता खाता उष्टे हात त्याने अंगाला पुसले.
(iii) तो जेवून आला.
उत्तर:
(i) पडला
(ii) पुसले
(iii) आला.

उतारा क्र.२
प्रश्न. पुढील उतारा वाचा आणि दिलेल्या सूचनांनुसार कृती करा:

कृती १: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा:

(ii) एका मुलाने आपल्या वाढदिवसाच्या पैशातून झोपडपट्टीतल्या मुलांसाठी पक्का पूल बांधायला आपले पैसे दिले; कारण
उत्तर:
एका मुलाने आपल्या वाढदिवसाच्या पैशातून झोपडपट्टीतल्या मुलांसाठी पक्का पूल बांधायला आपले पैसे दिले; कारण त्या मुलांना नाल्यावरच्या एका तुटक्या पुलावरून जावे लागे.

प्रश्न 2.
चूक की बरोबर ते लिहा:
(i) आजकाल मुलांना कार्टून्सची नावे पाठ असतात, पण झाडांची नावे विचारली, तर दहासुद्धा सांगता येणार नाहीत.
(ii) माणसे कितीही मोठी झाली, तरी त्यांची सावली कुणाला कामी येत नाही.
(iii) आप्पांचा मुलांवर तितकासा विश्वास नाही.
उत्तर:
(i) बरोबर
(ii) बरोबर
(iii) चूक.

प्रश्न 3.
पुढील शब्दसमूहांचा तुम्हांला कळलेला अर्थ लिहा: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका -२)
(i) पुस्तकाच्या पानांत डोक्याचं खादय असतं.
(ii) एकानेतरी लिहिलेलं पुस्तक आपल्या शाळेच्या ग्रंथालयात दिसलं पाहिजे.
उत्तर:
(i) पुस्तकाच्या पानांत ज्ञान साठवलेले असते.
(ii) शाळेतला एकतरी विदयार्थी लेखक झाला पाहिजे.

कृती २: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
चौकटी पूर्ण करा:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
तक्ता पूर्ण करा:

उत्तर:
(i)

(सराव कृतिपत्रिका-२)

कृती ३: (व्याकरण)

प्रश्न 1.
पुढील वाक्यांत योग्य वाक्प्रचार योजून वाक्ये पुन्हा लिहा:
(i) समोरचा वाणी धान्यात भेसळ करतो, लोकांच्या बोलण्यातून कळते.
(ii) गावातल्या स्वच्छता मोहिमेच्या यशाबाबत लोक गुरुजींचीच स्तुती करतात.
(iii) ‘पाणी अडवा पाणी जिरवा’ ही मोहीम यशस्वी करून ग्राम पंचायतीने लोकांचे दुःख दूर केले.
(iv) मी कोणालाही फसवणार नाही, असे प्रत्येकाने ठरवल्यास देशाचे स्वरूपच बदलून जाईल.
उत्तर:
(i) समोरचा वाणी धान्यात भेसळ करतो, असे कानावर पडते.
(ii) गावातल्या स्वच्छता मोहिमेच्या यशाबाबत लोक गुरुजींचेच नाव घेतात.
(iii) पाणी अडवा पाणी जिरवा’ ही मोहीम यशस्वी करून ग्राम पंचायतीने लोकांच्या डोळ्यांतले पाणी पुसले.
(iv) मी कोणालाही फसवणार नाही, असे प्रत्येकाने ठरवल्यास देशाचे चित्रच बदलून जाईल.

प्रश्न 2.
कंसातील प्रत्यय जोडून होणारे पूर्ण रूप लिहा:
(i) लिहिणे (चे)
(ii) कॉलेज (त)
(iii) शिपाई (नी)
(iv) सगळे (हून)
उत्तर:
(i) लिहिणे (चे) = लिहिण्याचे
(ii) कॉलेज (त) = कॉलेजात
(iii) शिपाई (नी) = शिपायांनी
(iv) सगळे (हून) = सगळ्यांहून.

प्रश्न 3.
पुढील शब्दांचा संधिविग्रह करा: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-२)
शब्द – संधिविग्रह
(i) ग्रंथालय ……………………………..
(ii) महोत्सव ……………………………..
उत्तर:
(i) ग्रंथालय = ग्रंथ + आलय
(ii) महोत्सव = महा + उत्सव

कती ४: (स्वमत / अभिव्यक्ती)

प्रश्न 1.
लेखकांनी उताऱ्यात व्यक्त केलेला पर्यावरणविषयक विचार तुमच्या शब्दांत व्यक्त करा. (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-२)
उत्तर:
लेखकांनी आपले पर्यावरणविषयक विचार तळमळीने सांगितले आहेत. त्यांच्या मते, प्रत्येकाने दहा झाडे लावली, तरी आपला देश निसर्गसंपन्न होईल आणि हे खरेच आहे. या निसर्गसंपन्नतेचा देशाला, म्हणजेच आपणा सर्वांनाच फायदा होईल. पर्जन्यमान वाढेल. जमिनीखालील पाण्याची पातळी वाढेल. अपुऱ्या पावसामुळे उद्भवलेल्या दुष्काळाच्या छायेतून देश मुक्त होईल, मात्र त्यासाठी प्रत्येकाने स्वत:ला जमेल तेवढे काम प्रामाणिकपणे केले पाहिजे. आपल्याला पाणी निर्माण करता येत नाही, हे खरे आहे. पण अपव्यय तरी टाळू शकतो की नाही? प्रत्येकाने वाया जाणारे पाणी वाचवले तरी लक्षावधी लिटर पाणी वाचेल.

वाचलेले पाणी तहानेने व्याकूळ झालेल्यांना मिळेल; पाण्यासाठी आ वासून बसलेल्या पशुपक्ष्यांना मिळेल; सुकून चाललेल्या वृक्षवेलींना मिळेल. हे कळण्यासाठी सर्वांनी निसर्गाशी प्रेमाने वागायला शिकले पाहिजे. म्हणूनच लेखक सांगतात की, सर्वांनी फुलपाखरांचा अभ्यास केला पाहिजे. मधमाश्यांच्या पोळ्यापासून लांब न जाता त्याचा अभ्यास केला पाहिजे. अशा प्रकारे आपल्या अवतीभवतीच्या निसर्गाशी आत्मीयतेने वागल्यास पर्यावरण रक्षणाचे अनेक मार्ग दिसतील, असे लेखक सुचवतात.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास

कृतिपत्रिकेतील प्रश्न ४ (अ) आणि (आ) यांसाठी…
व्याकरण घटकांवर आधारित कृती:

१. समास:

पुढील समासांचा प्रत्येकी एक सामासिक शब्द लिहा:
(i) अव्ययीभाव
(ii) विभक्ती तत्पुरुष
(iii) इतरेतर द्वंद्व
(iv) वैकल्पिक द्वंद्व
(v) समाहार वंद्व
(vi) द्विगू.
उत्तर:
(i) अव्ययीभाव – घरोघर
(ii) विभक्ती तत्पुरुष – कार्यालय
(iii) इतरेतर द्वंद्व – आईवडील
(iv) वैकल्पिक द्वंद्व – दोनचार
(v) समाहार वंद्व – खाणेपिणे
(vi) द्विगू – त्रिकोण.

२. अलंकार:

(१) पुढील ओळीतील उपमेय, उपमान व अलंकार ओळखा: परीहून सुंदर असे ही चिमुरडी गालावर विलसे चांदण्याची खडी
उपमेय- [ ] उपमान- [ ] अलंकार- [ ]
उत्तर:
उपमेय – [लहान मुलगी] उपमान – [परी]
अलंकार – [व्यतिरेक]

(२) पुढील वैशिष्ट्यांवरून अलंकार ओळखा व समर्पक उदाहरण दया: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-१)
(i) एखादया घटकाचे वर्णन करणे.
(ii) ते वर्णन पटवून देण्यासाठी योग्य उदाहरण देणे.
(अ) अलंकाराचे नाव →
(आ) अलंकाराचे उदाहरण →
उत्तर:
(अ) अलंकाराचे नाव → [दृष्टान्त]
(आ) अलंकाराचे उदाहरण → [लहानपण देगा देवा। मुंगी साखरेचा रवा]

३. वृत्त:
(१) पुढील ओळींचे गण पाडून वृत्त ओळखा:
स्वजन गवसला तो त्याज पासी नसे तो
कठिण समय येता कोण कामास येतो.
उत्तर:

वृत्त: हे ‘मालिनी’ वृत्त आहे.

(२) वृत्त ओळखा:
सदा सर्वदा योग तूझा घडावा।
तुझे कारणी देह माझा पडावा।। (मार्च १९)
उत्तर:

वृत्त: हे ‘भुजंगप्रयात’ वृत्त आहे.

४. शब्दसिद्धी:
(१) पुढील शब्दांना ‘त्व’ हा प्रत्यय लावून शब्द तयार करा:
(i) महत् – …………………………………..
(ii) कर्तृ – …………………………………..
(iii) प्रौढ – …………………………………..
(iv) वक्त – …………………………………..
उत्तर:
(i) महत् – महत्त्व
(ii) कर्तृ – कर्तृत्व
(ii) प्रौढ – प्रौढत्व
(iv) वक्तृ – वक्तृत्व.

(२) पुढील अभ्यस्त शब्द पूर्ण करा:
(i) अधून – ………………………………..
(i) दंगा – ………………………………..
(iii) हेवे – ………………………………..
(iv) काम – ………………………………..
उत्तर:
(i) अधूनमधून
(ii) दंगामस्ती
(iii) हेवेदावे
(iv) कामकाज,

(३) कंसातील शब्दांचे पुढे दिलेल्या तक्त्यात वर्गीकरण करा: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-३)
(महत्त्व, लुटूलुटू, निकामी, घेईघेई, चढाई, सुकुमार)
प्रत्ययघटित – उपसर्गघटित – अभ्यस्त
(i) महत्त्व (i) …………………… – (i) ……………………
(ii) …………………… – (ii) …………………… – (ii) लुटूलुटू
उत्तर:
प्रत्ययघटित – उपसर्गघटित – अभ्यस्त
(i) महत्त्व – (i) सुकुमार – (i) घेईघेई
(ii) चढाई – (ii) निकामी – (ii) लुटूलुटू

५. सामान्यरूप:
(१) पुढील शब्दांची सामान्यरूपे लिहा:
(i) अभ्यासाविषयी – ………………………………..
(ii) खेळपट्टीचा – ………………………………..
(iii) कौतुकास – ………………………………..
(iv) महोत्सवात – ………………………………..
उत्तर:
(i) अभ्यासा
(ii) खेळपट्टी
(iii) कौतुका
(iv) महोत्सवा.

(२) पुढील शब्दसमूहातील शब्दांची योग्य सामान्यरूपे लिहा: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-३)
(i) भूगोलची वही/भूगोलाची वही →
(ii) कोकराचे पाय/कोकरूचे पाय →
(iii) इंदिरेचे पुस्तक/इंदिराचे पुस्तक →
(iv) पेनने लिही/पेनाने लिही →
उत्तर:
(i) भूगोला
(ii) कोकरा
(iii) इंदिरा
(iv) पेना।

६. वाक्प्रचार:

पुढील वाक्प्रचारांचा अर्थ सांगून वाक्यांत उपयोग करा:
(i) कपाळाला आठ्या पाडणे
(ii) डोळ्यांतले पाणी पुसणे
(iii) वाया जाणे
(iv) आनंद गगनात न मावणे.
उत्तर:
(i) कपाळाला आठ्या पाडणे – नाराजी व्यक्त करणे. वाक्य: कुठलेही काम सांगितले की महादू कपाळाला आठ्या पाडत असे.
(ii) डोळ्यांतले पाणी पुसणे – अश्रू पुसणे, सांत्वन करणे, वाक्य: दुःखितांच्या डोळ्यांतले पाणी पुसणे, हीच खरी समाजसेवा होय.
(iii) वाया जाणे – फुकट जाणे. वाक्य: अवकाळी पाऊस पडल्यामुळे शेतकऱ्यांची मेहनत वाया गेली.
(iv) आनंद गगनात न मावणे – खूप आनंद होणे. वाक्य: विजयला बोर्डाच्या परीक्षेत ९०% गुण मिळाल्यामुळे त्याच्या आईबाबांचा आनंद गगनात मावला नाही.

भाषिक घटकांवर आधारित कृतीः

१. शब्दसंपत्ती:

प्रश्न 1.
विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा:
(i) चांगले x ………………..
(ii) जास्त x ………………..
(iii) ओळख x ………………..
(iv) आवश्यक x ………………..
(v) पूर्वज x ………………..
(vi) शिस्त x ………………..
(vi) गुण x ………………..
(viii) राग x ………………..
उत्तर:
(i) चांगले x वाईट
(ii) जास्त x कमी
(iii) ओळख x अनोळख
(iv) आवश्यक x अनावश्यक
(v) पूर्वज x वंशज
(vi) शिस्त x बेशिस्त
(vii) गुण x अवगुण
(viii) राग x लोभ.

प्रश्न 2.
गटात न बसणारा शब्द शोधा:
(i) कावळा, कबुतर, चिमणी, ससा, गरूड.
(ii) अजंठा, शाळा, वर्ग, शिक्षक, विदयार्थी.
उत्तर:
(i) ससा
(ii) अजंठा.

प्रश्न 3.
पुढील शब्दांतील अक्षरांपासून चार अर्थपूर्ण शब्द लिहा:
(i) समुद्रकिनारी → [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
(ii) फुलपाखराच्या → [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
उत्तर:
(i) समुद्रकिनारी → [समुद्र] [नारी] [सरी] [किनारी]
(ii) फुलपाखराच्या→ [खरा] [राख] [पारा] [पाल]

प्रश्न 9.
लेखननियम:

(१) अचूक शब्द लिहा:
(i) नीसर्ग/नीसंग/निसर्ग/निर्सग,
(ii) निर्पण/निष्पर्ण/नीर्पण/नीष्पर्ण.
(iii) मुहूर्त/मूहुर्त/मुहुर्त/मूहूर्त.
(iv) क्रिडांगण/क्रिडागंण/क्रीडागंण/क्रीडांगण.
उत्तर:
(i) निसर्ग
(ii) निष्पर्ण
(iii) मुहूर्त
(iv) क्रीडांगण.

(२) पुढील वाक्ये लेखननियमांनुसार लिहा:
(i) मला वीश्वास आहे, खुप खूप शुभेच्छा!
(ii) तूमच्या शीक्षकांनी तुम्हाला वगात शीस्तीत बसलेलं बघितलंय.
उत्तर:
(i) मला विश्वास आहे, खूप खूप शुभेच्छा!
(ii) तुमच्या शिक्षकांनी तुम्हांला वर्गात शिस्तीत बसलेलं बघितलंय.

३. विरामचिन्हे:

पुढील परिच्छेदातील विरामचिन्हे ओळखा:
तुम्ही शिपाई व्हायलाच पाहिजे असं नाही; पण शिपाई होऊन सुद्धा चांगलं काम करता येऊ शकतं, आपण कौतुकास पात्र होऊ शकतो यावर तुमचा विश्वास नाही का?
उत्तर:
चिन्हे – नाव
(i) [ ; ] – अर्धविराम
(ii) [ , ] स्वल्पविराम
(iii) [ ? ] प्रश्नचिन्ह

४. पारिभाषिक शब्द:

पुढील इंग्रजी पारिभाषिक शब्दांना मराठी प्रतिशब्द लिहा:
(i) Due Date –
(ii) Exchange –
(iii) Express Highway –
(iv) Earn Leave – —
(v) Bio-data – ——
उत्तर:
(i) Due Date – नियत दिनांक
(ii) Exchange – देवाण-घेवाण/विनिमय
(iii) Express Highway – द्रुतगती महामार्ग
(iv) Earn Leave – अर्जित रजा
(v) Bio-data – स्व-परिचय,

५. अकारविल्हे
(१) पुढील शब्द अकारविल्हेनुसार लिहा:
(i) डॉक्टर → इंजेक्शन → पेशंट → नर्स.
(ii) वेरूळ → अजंठा → बेसिन → कार्टून.
उत्तर:
(i) इंजेक्शन → डॉक्टर → नर्स → पेशंट.
(ii) अजंठा → कार्टून → बेसिन → वेरूळ.

(२) दिलेल्या सूचनांनुसार पुढील शब्दकोडे सोडवा:
उभे शब्द- …………………… करी काम
आडवा शब्द – मन मोहित करणारा.

उत्तर:

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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.4 The Will to Win Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 3.4 The Will to Win

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.4 Warming Up Questions and Answers

The Will To Win Poem Appreciation Question 1.
Get into pairs, discuss and tick the most appropriate answer :
(a) You may have lost the match; but
(i) It is important that you start fighting with your opponent.
(ii) It is important to have the will to win.
(iii) It is important that you blame the organizers for the rough ground.
Answer:
(ii) It is important to have the will to win.

(b) Success is always measured by :
(i) Ability to pounce upon at the opponent and fight with full force.
(ii) Match-fixing before the match begins.
(iii) Ability to bounce back after a fall.
Answer:
(c) The ability to bounce back after a fall.

(c) For attaining success; we need to :
(i) Sleep day in and day out and dream about success.
(ii) Scheme out things to make the opponent fall.
(iii) Work hard day and night for it.
Answer:
(c) Work hard day and night for it.

Appreciation Of Poem The Will To Win Question 2.
How can we achieve success in life? Complete the boxes by filling the essential qualities required for achieving success.

Answer:

Appreciation Of The Poem The Will To Win Question 3.
Discuss and write 5 proverbs/quotations related to the importance of having a strong will-power.
(a) ………………………………..
(b) ………………………………..
(c) ………………………………..
(d) ………………………………..
(e) ………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
(b) If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.
(c) The truest wisdom is a resolute determination. -Napoleon Bonaparte
(d) Nothing is impossible. -Napoleon Bonaparte
(e) Determination is the key to success.

The Will To Win Question 4.
Complete the following table.
Make a list of great personalities of present and past who have achieved success in different walks of life. You can take help of your school library or search on the internet.

Politics	Social work	Sports	Music

Answer:

Politics	Sports	Social Work	Music
Abraham Lincoln Franklin Roosevelt George Washington Winston Churchill Woodrow Wilson Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel	Michael Jordan Allyson Felix Shekhar Naik Pele H. Boniface Prabhu Mahendra Singh Dhoni	Medha Patkar Helen Keller Emmeline Pankhurst Florence Nightingale	Ravindra Jain Cher (singer) Beethoven Mozart Tansen

The Will to Win Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

The Will To Win Appreciation Question 1.
(A) In order to achieve success the poet wants us to
(a) ………………………………..
(b) ………………………………..
(c) ………………………………..
Answer:
(a) go out and fight for it
(b) work day and night for it
(c) give up time, peace and sleep for ft.

(B) Write as many phrases as you can using ‘enough’ and use them in your sentences.
Example : good enough
Answer:
(1) hard enough : If you work hard enough, you will be rewarded.
(2) bold enough : He was not bold enough to realise his ambitions.
(3) fast enough : He was not fast enough to understand the joke at his expense.
(4) strong enough : The little bird was still not strong enough to fly away on its own.
(5) reasonable enough : The price seemed reasonable enough; yet I hesitated to buy It.

(C) What does the word ‘Scheme’ mean here ? Choose the correct alternative from the following.
(a) Housing colony
(b) Goal in life
(c) Rhyme pattern
(d) Plan of action
Answer:
(d) plan of action

(D) Do you think the line ‘Give up your time and your peace and your sleep for it’ means that one should be ‘desperate’ or restless’ to achieve one’s goal. Explain your opinion, in your notebook.
Answer:
No. If you are ‘desperate’, you might take unnecessary risks to achieve your goal. If you are ‘restless’, you will have no peace of mind. What the poet means by losing ‘time’. ‘peace’ and sleep’ means spending many hours working hard to gain one’s objectives and to continually keep on thinking about it until it is achicvcd.

(E) Following lines are given to you. Find their appropriate meanings after discussing with your partner.
(a) To go out and fight for it.
(b) If you gladly sweat for, fret for and plan for it.
(c) Lose all your terror of opposition for it.
(d) With all your capacity, strength and sagacity.
Answer:
(a) to try one’s best and struggle hard in order to achieve something.
(d) making full use of all your capabilities, power and wisdom.
(c) sweat for it, fret for and plan for it and lose all your terror of the opposition for it
(d) to try one’s best and struggle hard in order to achieve something.

(F) Read the poem again and complete the web showing all those things that can turn one away from ones efforts towards a goal.

Answer:

(G) Find the lines from the poem which mean-
(a) become crazy for the goal
(b) toil hard happily
(c) get rid of all fears
(d) make efforts continuously
(e) extremely poor condition
Answer:
(a) if you are mad enough for it
(b) gladly sweat
(c) work day and night
(d) If neither cold poverty, famish or gaunt,

Question 2.
The poet has mentioned some hurdles in the poem that keep us away from achieving our goal in our life. Discuss with your partner and make a list of all the hurdles mentioned in the poem.

• sickness

Answer:

• or sickness or pain

Appreciation Of The Will To Win Question 3.
The poem explicitly describes some strengths and weaknesses with the help of some words and phrases. The poet wants us to possess all the strengths and keep away from all the weaknesses. Make a list of all the words and phrases showing Strengths in table A and Weaknesses in table B. One is done for you.

A Strengths	B Weaknesses
Work day and night	Sickness

Answer:

A (Strengths)	B (Weaknesses)
capacity, strength, sagacity faith, hope, confidence doggedness, grimness the help given by God	cold poverty famish gaunt sickness or pain of body and brain

A Will To Win Question 4.
Listen to the poem carefully and state whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.
(a) If you want a thing you should not give up your sleep.
(b) You should be afraid of your opposition.
(c) Cold or poverty cannot keep you away from achieving your goal.
(d) You can achieve your goal with the help of God.
(e) Life will not seem useless and worthless without achieving your goal.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True
(e) False

The Will To Win Poem Question 5.
Form pairs and complete the web with suitable responses. Tell the class what all things the poet wants us to do to win.

Answer:

The Will To Win Speech Question 6.
Match the phrases in table A with lines of the poem given in table B.

Phrases	Lines
(1)    Toil hard (2)    Get rid of all (3)    Extremely poor condition (4)    Need desperately	(a)     If you want a thing bad enough… (b)    If neither cold or poverty, famished (c)    To work day and night for it. (d)    Lose all your terror of the opposition for it.

Answer:

‘A’ (Phrases)	‘B,’ (Lines)
(1) Toil hard	(b)    If neither cold or poverty, famished
(2) Get rid of all	(c)    To work day and night for it.
(3) Extremely poor condition….	(d)    Lose all your terror of the opposition for it.
(4) Need desperately	(a)     If you want a thing bad enough

Will To Win Question 7.
Every stanza begins with word ‘if’. How does it add to the effectiveness of the poem?
Answer:
Without the word ‘if’, the poem would remain as a simple statement of rules for success. By beginning each stanza with the word ‘if’, first of all, the poet implies that every human being has the choice of wanting to be successful in life. This is a more effective way of expression. Also by using the word ‘if’, he puts forward the conditions that will determine success in any sphere.

Will To Win Poem Appreciation Question 8.
(A) In poetry, when words/ideas are arranged in an ascending order of importance, the figure of speech used is called ‘Climax’.
For example, Man should work for his family, his country, but most of all for God.
Pick out two examples of ‘Climax’ from the poem.
Answer:
(a) to go out and fight for it, work day and night for it, give up your time and your peace and your sleep for it
(b) … sweat for it, fret for and plan for it and lose all your terror of the opposition for it …

(B) When some words, in the line of the poem, express the same idea in different ways, the figure of speech used is ‘Tautology’.
For example, . . . happy and joyful.
. . . motionless and still.
Pick out two examples of ‘Tautology’ from the poem.
Answer:
… neither cold poverty, famish
The words ‘poverty’ and ‘famish’ imply almost the same human physical condition.

(C) Pick out one example of the following Figures of Speech.
(1) Antithesis : ………………………
(2) Alliteration : ………………………
(3) Repetition : ………………………
Answer:
(1) Work day and night for it.
(2) … of body and brain
(3) … or sickness or pain

Will To Win Poem Question 9.
Work in group and prepare and present a speech on ‘How to Achieve Success.’
Answer:
How to Achieve Success
Friends,
I, Ajai Chitnis, do not hold with those who say, ‘Success is only for the privileged few!’ In my opinion, any and everyone can achieve success. All that is required is belief in one’s potential and a few rules of thumb in order to be a winner.

First of all you must have a goal. In order to reach that goal, you must have the necessary education and skills. For this you have to study or train. Then you have to look for opportunities. Life presents choices. You have to make the right choice. Having made the right choice, you must work hard to edge towards your goal. Only after much labour, sacrifice, determination and effort will you finally achieve success. This is my opinion on ‘How to achieve success’.

Thank you.

Question 10.
Read the poem again and write an appreciation of the poem ‘The Will to Win’ in a paragraph format.
Answer:
Point Format (for understanding)
The title of the poem : ‘The Will To Win’
The poet : Berton Braley
Rhyme scheme : No specific rhyme scheme, rhymes are used randomly
Figures of speech : Repetition, Climax, Tautology, Antithesis, etc.
The central ideatheme : What we should do and what we should avoid in order to achieve success.

Paragraph Format
Berton Braley has written this inspirational poem, ‘The Will To Win’.

The poem has no specific rhyme scheme, but rhymes are used randomly all throughout. The most common type is lines ending with the word ‘it’; e.g., ‘for it’, ‘of it’, ‘of it’; ‘without it’, ‘about it’; ‘beget it’, ‘get it’; ‘sweat for if, ‘fret for if and so on. Other examples are ‘capacity’, ‘sagacity’, ‘tenacity’: ‘pain’, ‘brain’.

The main figure of speech used is Repetition, as seen in the abundance of ‘for if phrases used throughout the poem. The other figures of speech are Climax, Tautology, Antithesis, etc.

The poet gives us a formula for sure success. He tells us what we should do and what we should avoid doing in order to achieve success.

It is an inspirational poem. It motivates one to set targets and achieve goals.

Question 11.
Project :
Make a list of Berton Braley’s collection of selected poems. You can take help of your teacher, library or search on internet. Recite Braley’s any one poem in front of the class.

Question 11.
State whether the following statements are True of False. Correct the false statements : 
(a) If you want a thing, you should not give up your sleep.
Corrected statement : If you want a thing, you should willingly give up your sleep.

(b) You should be afraid of your opposition.
Corrected statement : You should not fear the opposition.

(c) Life will not seem useless and worthless without achieving your goal.
Corrected statement : Life will seem utterly useless and worthless without achieving the goal.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) False

Question 12.
Find the appropriate meanings of the following lines :
(b) makes you quite mad enough
(c) lose all the terror of God or man for it
Answer:
(b) impels you to do crazy things like taking risks
(c) get rid of all your fears of God or man or opposition.

Question 13.
Match the phrases in table A with lines from the extract given in table :

‘A’ (Phrases)	‘B,’ (Lines)
(1) Worry a lot about it	(a) serious and determined….
(2) Keep you away from….	(b) follow something in a determined way….
(3) Dogged and grim….	(c) Prevent you from….
(4) Simply go after…	(d) Fret for It …

Answer:

‘A’ (Phrases)	‘B,’ (Lines)
(1) Worry a lot about it	(d) Fret for It …
(2) Keep you away from….	(c) Prevent you from….
(3) Dogged and grim….	(a) serious and determined….
(4) Simply go after…	(b) follow something in a determined way….

Question 14.
Give an example of each of the following from the extract :
(a) Tautology.
Answer:
Life seems useless and worthless without it. The words ‘useless’ and ‘worthless’ have almost the same meaning.

(b) get rid of all fears
Answer:
lose all your terror

Question 15.
State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the false statements :
(a) Cold or poverty cannot keep you away from achieving your goal.
(b) You can achieve your goal with the help of God.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) True

Question 16.
Find the lines from the extract which mean :
(a) make winning possible by using forceful action
Answer:
(a) besiege and beget it

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Kumarbharti Chapter 8 वाट पाहताना Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Kumarbharti Chapter 8 वाट पाहताना

Marathi Kumarbharti Std 10 Digest Chapter 8 वाट पाहताना Textbook Questions and Answers

कृति

कतिपत्रिकेतील प्रश्न १ (अ) आणि (आ) यांसाठी…

प्रश्न 1.
आकृत्या पूर्ण करा.
(i)
(ii)
(iiii)
(iv)
उत्तर:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

प्रश्न 2.
कारणे शोधा
(अ) आवाजाची वाट पाहण्याचं सार्थक व्हायचं, कारण ……………………………………
(आ) म्हातारीच्या तोंडावर समाधान पसरायचं, कारण ……………………………………
(इ) पुस्तक वाचण्याची वाट पाहण्यात उन्हाळ्याच्या आधीचा काळ लेखिकेला वेड लावायचा, कारण ……………………………………
(ई) पोस्टमन मनानंच कोरं पत्र वाचतो, कारण ……………………………………
उत्तर:
(अ) आवाजाची वाट पाहण्याचं सार्थक व्हायचं, कारण पहाटे कुहुकुहु ऐकू यावा, ही रात्री झोपताना बाळगलेली इच्छा पहाटे पहाटे पूर्ण होई.
(आ) म्हातारीच्या तोंडावर समाधान पसरायचं; कारण दूर परगावी राहणारा आपला मुलगा आपली आठवण काढतो, आपल्याला तो त्याच्याकडे नेणार आहे, या कल्पने- तेचे मन सुखायचे,
(इ) पुस्तक वाचण्याची वाट पाहण्यात उन्हाळ्याच्या आधीचा काळ लेखिकेला वेड लावायचा, कारण पुस्तकांतून भाषेची शक्ती, लेखकांच्या प्रतिभेची शक्ती समजू लागली होती.
(ई) पोस्टमन मनानंच कोरं पत्र वाचतो; कारण त्या म्हातारीला पुत्रभेटीचा आनंद मिळावा आणि तिचे शेवटचे दिवस समाधानात जावेत, अशी पोस्टमनची इच्छा होती.

प्रश्न 3.
तुलना करा.

व्यक्तीशी मैत्री	कवितेशी मैत्री
……………………..	……………………..
……………………..	……………………..
……………………..	……………………..

उत्तर:

व्यक्तीशी मैत्री	कवितेशी मैत्री
आपण त्या व्यक्तीला हाक मारतो. तिच्याकडे धावतो. मनसोक्त गप्पा मारतो. ती व्यक्ती प्रतिसादही देते. व्यक्ती हवी तेव्हा भेटू शकते.	कविता तिच्याकडे धाव घेऊनही भेटत नसे. मात्र ती प्रसन्न झाली तर कधीही धावत येऊन भेटे. कविता मात्र खूप वाट पाहायला लावते.

प्रश्न 4.
‘वाट पाहणे’ या प्रक्रियेबाबत पुढील मुद्द्यांना अनुसरून लेखिकेचे मत लिहून तक्ता पूर्ण करा.

वाट पाहणे प्रक्रियेतील समाविष्ट गोष्टी	वाट पाहणे प्रक्रियेतून माणसाने शिकायच्या गोष्टी	वाट पाहण्याचे फायदे
……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
……………………..	……………………..	……………………..
……………………..	……………………..	……………………..

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 5.
स्वमत.
(अ) पाठाच्या शीर्षकाची समर्पकता तुमच्या शब्दांत सांगा.
उत्तर :
अरुणा ढेरे यांचा ‘वाट पाहताना’ हा अत्यंत हृदय ललित लेख आहे. जीवनातील एक मूलभूत महत्त्वाचे तत्त्व या लेखात त्या उलगडून दाखवतात. तसे पाहिले तर माणूस वाट पाहत पाहतच वाटचाल करीत असतो. प्रत्येक पावलावर त्याच्या मनात ‘नंतर काय होईल?’, ‘माझ्या स्वप्नांप्रमाणे, कल्पनेप्रमाणे घडेल ना?’ अशी तगमग असते. हीच तगमग त्याला पुढे जायला, जीवन जगायला लावते. हे तत्व लेखिकांनी अनेक उदाहरणांच्या साहाय्याने स्पष्ट केले आहे.

सुट्टीतल्या सगळ्या गोष्टी जगायला मिळतील या आशेने लेखिका सुट्टीची वाट पाहत. अनेक अनोळखी प्रदेश, माणसे, प्रसंग यांचा सहवास घडवणाऱ्या पुस्तकांची वाट पाहणे अत्यंत रमणीय होते. उंबराच्या झाडावर बसणाऱ्या पोपटांच्या थव्यामुळे हिरवेगार बनलेले ते झाड पाहून लेखिकांचे मन हळवे, कोमल होऊन जाते. त्यातच त्यांच्या कवितांची मुळे रुजतात. वाट पाहण्याने त्यांची निर्मितिशीलता जागृत होते. आत्याची वाट पाहताना त्यांचे मन अस्वस्थता आणि अनामिक भीती यांनी भरून जाते. या सर्वात जगण्याचाच अनुभव होता. अस्वस्थता, हुरहुर, दुःख, तगमग, शंकाकुलता हे सारे भाव पोस्टमनला भेटलेली म्हातारी, तसेच शेतकरी, वारकरी भक्त यांच्या चेहऱ्यांवर लेखिकांना गवसतात. अशा प्रकारे जगण्याच्या मुळाशीच वाट पाहण्याची भावना असल्याचे भान लेखिका या लेखातून वाचकांना देतात. म्हणून वाट पाहताना’ हे शीर्षक अत्यंत समर्पक आहे.

(आ) म्हातारीचं वाट पाहणं सुखाचं करण्यासाठी पोस्टमनने केलेल्या युक्तीबाबत तुमचे मत लिहा.
उत्तर:
एखादी निर्जीव वस्तू पोहोचती करावी, त्याप्रमाणे तो पोस्टमन पत्रे देत नसे. कारण पत्रे ही निर्जीव वस्तू नसतात. ती माणसांच्या सुखदुःखांनी, आशा-आकांक्षांनी भरलेली असतात. त्यात माणसांचे मन असते, हृदय असते. पत्रांचे हे स्वरूप चित्रपटातल्या त्या पोस्टमनने जाणले होते. म्हणून तो अंध म्हातारीला मुलाचे काल्पनिक पत्र वाचून दाखवतो. ते पत्र खोटे असते. मजकूर खोटा असतो. त्या अंध म्हातारीच्या मुलाचा स्पर्शसुद्धा त्या पत्राला झालेला नसतो. पण म्हातारी सुखावते. तिचे उरलेले दिवस आनंदात जातात. या विपरीत स्थितीने पोस्टमनचे मन कळवळते. पण म्हातारी सुखावणे हे अधिक मूल्ययुक्त होते. आपल्या मुलालाही तो पोस्टमन हीच उदात्त शिकवण देतो. मुलातला माणूस जागा करतो. माणसाशी माणसासारखे वागण्याची ही महान शिकवण होती. प्रत्येक आई-वडिलांनी आपल्या मुलांना असे माणूसपण शिकवले पाहिजे; तरच मानवी समाजाला भविष्य आहे.

(इ) ‘वाट पाहणे एरवी सुखाची गोष्ट नसली तरी अनेक गोष्टींचे मोल जाणवून देणारी आहे’. या विधानाची सत्यता पटवून दया.
उत्तर:
‘वाट पाहताना’ या पाठात लेखिकांनी जीवनाचा एक सुखमंत्रच सांगितला आहे. वाट पाहणे हा तो मंत्र होय. कोणत्याही गोष्टीसाठी पाहायला शिकले पाहिजे, असे त्यांचे सांगणे आहे. वाद पाहणे हे तसे कधीच सुखाचे नसते. आपल्या आशा-आकांक्षा पूर्ण करण्यासाठी, एखादी गोष्ट मिळवण्यासाठी आपले मन अधीर झालेले असते. मन शंकेने व्याकुळ होते. हवी ती गोष्ट आपल्याला मिळेल का? असा प्रश्न मचात काहूर माजवतो.

एखादी गोष्ट वाट न पाहता, चटकन मिळाली, तर ती गोष्ट आपली जिवाभावाची आहे की वरवरची आहे, हे कळायला मार्ग राहत नाही. इच्छा तत्काळ पूर्ण झाल्यास आपल्याला आनंद मिळेल, हे खरे आहे.

पण आपण कदाचित वरवरच्या गोष्टींमध्ये बुडून जाण्याची शक्यता असते. अधिकाधिक वाट पाहिल्यामुळे आपली खरी ओढ कुठे आहे, हे कळते. म्हणजेच आपल्याला खरोखर काय हवे आहे, नेमकी कशाची गरज आहे, हे कळून चुकते. जे आपल्या दृष्टीने मोलाचे आहे, हे शोधण्याची दृष्टी या वाट पाहण्यातून मिळते. आपल्या दृष्टीने मोलाच्या असलेल्या गोष्टी मिळाल्या तर आपले जीवन समृद्ध होते. समृद्घ जीवन जगणे हेच तर प्रत्येक माणसाचे ध्येय असते. म्हणून वाट पाहणे त्रासाचे असले तरी अनेक गोष्टींचे मोल ओळखण्यासाठी ते उपयोगी ठरते, हे खरे आहे.

भाषासौंदर्य
मराठी भाषेतील शब्दसामर्थ्य शब्दातीत आहे. ‘वाट’ या एकाच शब्दाचा वापर विविध अर्थानी करून एक अर्थपूर्ण मनोगत तयार झाले आहे.

नमस्कार,
तू वाट दाखवणार,
म्हणून काल तुझ्या पत्राची वाट पाहत होतो.
त्या वाटेने पत्र आलेच नाही.
नेहमी त्या वाटेवरून धावणारी
पोस्टमन दादाची सायकलही त्या दिवशी धावली नाही.
शेवटी सगळा दिवस वाट पाहण्यात गेला,
साऱ्या दिवसाचीच वाट लागली
आणि मी माझ्या घरच्या वाटेने माघारी फिरलो
मनात आले आपण पत्राचीच वाट पाहत होतो
आता कशाचीच वाट पाहू नये
आपणच आपली वाट निर्माण करावी
जी वाट नवनिर्मितीची ठरेल.

वरील मनोगताचा अभ्यास करा व त्यातील भाषिक सामर्थ्य जाणून घ्या. एका शब्दाचे वेगवेगळ्या संदर्भात वेगवेगळे अर्थ असणारे इतर काही शब्द वापरून तुम्हांलाही असे मनोगत लिहिता येईल.

आपल्या भाषिक क्षमता वाढवण्यासाठी याचा सराव करा.

उतारा क्र. १
प्रश्न. पुढील उतारा वाचा आणि दिलेल्या
सूचनांनुसार कृती करा :

कृती १: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
आकृत्या पूर्ण करा :




उत्तर:

कृती २ : (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
अंगणात मोकळ्या वातावरणात झोपायला मिळण्यापर्यंतचा घटनाक्रम :
(i) होळीनंतर थंडी झपाट्याने कमी होत जायची आणि आंब्याचा मोहोर नुसता घमघमत असायचा.
(ii) ………………………..
(iii) ………………………..
उत्तर:
(i) होळीनंतर थंडी झपाट्याने कमी होत जायची आणि आंब्याचा मोहोर नुसता घमघमत असायचा.
(ii) मार्च-एप्रिलमध्ये मुलांना गॅलरीत झोपायला मिळे.
(iii) सुट्टी लागल्यावर अंगणात अंथरुणे पडत.

प्रश्न 2.
लेखिकांचा वाट पाहण्याचा पहिला अनुभव :
(i) ………………………..
(ii) ………………………..
(iii) ………………………..
(iv) ………………………..
उत्तर:
(i) अंगणात रात्रीच्या थंड वातावरणात हळूहळू झोप येई.
(ii) उदया कुहुकुहु ‘ ऐकू येईल का, ही हुरहुर लागे.
(iii) पहाटे पहाटे झोपेत असतानाच कुहुकुहु ऐकू येई.
(iv) त्या आवाजाची वाट पाहिली, याची धन्यता वाटे.

कृती ३ : (व्याकरण)

प्रश्न 1.
भांडे ‘ या शब्दातील पहिल्या अक्षरावरील अनुस्वार काढला की ‘भाडे’ हा शब्द मिळतो. दोन्ही अर्थपूर्ण शब्द आहेत. असे उताऱ्यातून दोन शब्द शोधा आणि अनुस्वारसहित व अनुस्वारविरहित असे प्रत्येकी दोन्ही शब्द लिहा.
उत्तर:
पाठातील शब्द : थंडी. दोन शब्द : थंडी, थडी. तोंड. दोन शब्द : तोंड, तोड.

प्रश्न 2.
कंसात दिलेला प्रत्यय जोडून प्रत्ययासहितचे पूर्णरूप लिहा :
(i) झपाटा (ने)
(ii) झोप (चा)
(iii) भाषा (ला)
(iv) पुस्तके (त)
उत्तर:
(i) झपाट्याने
(ii) झोपेचा
(iii) भाषेला
(iv) पुस्तकांत.

प्रश्न 3.
अधोरेखित नामांच्या जागी अन्य योग्य नामे लिहून वाक्य पुन्हा लिहा :
आमच्या भल्यामोठ्या वाड्यात पुष्कळ बिहाडे होती.
उत्तर:
आमच्या भल्यामोठ्या इमारतीत पुष्कळ कुटुंबे होती.

प्रश्न 4.
घमघमाट’ यासारखे तुम्हांला ठाऊक असलेले चार शब्द लिहा.
उत्तर:
चमचमाट, दणदणाट, ठणठणाट, फडफडाट.

Marathi Kumarbharti Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 वाट पाहताना Additional Important Questions and Answers
प्रश्न. पुढील उतारा वाचा आणि दिलेल्या सूचनांनुसार कृती करा :

कृती १ : (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा :
(i) पण तेव्हा जीव नुसता फुटून जायचा; कारण ……………………………….
(ii) पोस्टमनचे काम वाटते तितके सोपे नव्हते; कारण ……………………………….
उत्तर:
(i) पण तेव्हा जीव नुसता फुटून जायचा; कारण आत्याला घरी यायला रात्र होई म्हणून लेखिकांचे मन अनामिक भीतीने व्यापून जायचे.
(ii) पोस्टमनचे काम वाटते तितके सोपे नव्हते; कारण पत्रांचा थैला पाठीवर घेऊन वाहनांची सोय नसलेल्या वाड्या वस्त्यांवर पायी चालत जावे लागे.

प्रश्न 2.
अर्थ स्पष्ट करा :
(i) तो नुसता पत्र पोहोचवणारा सरकारी नोकर नाही. तो माणूस आहे.
(ii) पावसाची वाट पाहणाऱ्या शेतकऱ्याचे डोळे आठवा जरा.
उत्तर:
(i) तो पोस्टमन एक वस्तू नेऊन दुसऱ्याला दयावी, इतक्या कोरडेपणाने काम करणारा हमाल नव्हता. तो त्या पत्रात दडलेल्या माणसांच्या भावभावना ओळखू शकत होता, त्या माणसांशी तो मनाने जोडला जायचा.
(ii) पाऊस पडण्याचे दिवस आले की शेतकरी आतुरतेने पावसाची वाट पाहतो. त्या वेळी त्याच्या मनात पाऊस पडेल की नाही, पडला तर पुरेसा पडेल की नाही, ही धाकधुकी असते. आणि पडलाच नाही तर? ही जिवाची तडफड करणारी भीतीही असते. हे सर्व भाव शेतकऱ्यांच्या डोळ्यांत दिसतात.

कृती ३ : (व्याकरण)
प्रश्न 1.
‘रडू गळ्याशी दाटून येणे’ या वाक्प्रचारात ‘गळा’ या अवयवाचा उपयोग केलेला आहे, असे शरीराच्या अवयवांवर आधारित आणखी चार वाक्प्रचार लिहा.
उत्तर:
(i) राग नाकावर असणे,
(ii) पाऊल वाकडे पडणे.
(iii) छाती पिटणे.
(iv) नाकातोंडात पाणी जाणे.

प्रश्न 2.
‘वाड्यावस्त्या’ यासारखे आणखी चार जोडशब्द लिहा.
उत्तर:
(i) गल्लीबोळ
(ii) बाजारहाट
(iii) नदीनाले
(iv) झाडेझुडपे.

प्रश्न 3.
अधोरेखित सर्वनाम कोणाला उद्देशून योजले आहे, ते लिहा :
(i) पोस्टमन आल्याचे तिला बरोबर समजते.
(ii) त्याच्या येण्याची वाट पाहत आहे.
(iii) तो त्याला माणसे दाखवतो.
उत्तर:
(i) तिला – अंध म्हातारी.
(ii) त्याच्या – म्हातारीचा मुलगा.
(iii) तो – पोस्टमन, त्याला – पोस्टमनचा मुलगा.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास

कृतिपत्रिकेतील प्रश्न ४ (अ) आणि (आ) यांसाठी…
व्याकरण घटकांवर आधारित कृती :

१. समास:
विग्रहावरून सामासिक शब्द लिहा :
विग्रह – सामासिक शब्द
(i) कानापर्यंत
(ii) राजाचा वाडा
(iii) सात सागरांचा समूह
(iv) दहा किंवा बारा
उत्तर:
विग्रह – सामासिक शब्द
(i) कानापर्यंत – आकर्ण
(ii) राजाचा वाडा – राजवाडा
(iii) सात सागरांचा समूह – सप्तसिंधू
(iv) दहा किंवा बारा – दहाबारा

२. अलंकार :

प्रश्न 1.
पुढील ओळींमधील अलंकार ओळखा व स्पष्टीकरण दया :
‘कुटुंबवत्सल इथे फणस हा।
कटिखांदयावर घेऊनि बाळे।।’
उत्तर :
अलंकार → चेतनगुणोक्ती
स्पष्टीकरण : फणसाच्या झाडाला लगडलेली फळे म्हणजे फणसाची लेकरे आहेत, अशा मानवी भावनांचे आरोपण फणसाच्या निर्जीव झाडावर केल्यामुळे हा चेतनगुणोक्ती अलंकार आहे.

प्रश्न 2.
पुढील वैशिष्ट्यावरून अलंकार ओळखा व समर्पक उदाहरण दया : (सराव कृतिपत्रिका -३)
(i) उपमेय व उपमान या दोघात भेद नाही.
(ii) उपमेय हे उपमानच आहे.
(अ) अलंकाराचे नाव → [ ]
(आ) अलंकाराचे उदाहरण → [ ]
उत्तर :
(अ) अलंकाराचे नाव → [रूपक]
(आ) अलंकाराचे उदाहरण → [वारणेचा ढाण्या वाघ बाहेर पडला]

३. वृत्त :
पुढील ओळींचे गण पाडून वृत्त ओळखा :
तदितर खग भेणे वेगळाले पळाले
उपवन जल केली जे कराया मिळाले
उत्तर :
वृत्त : हे मालिनी वृत्त आहे.

४. शब्दसिद्धी :

प्रश्न 1.
पुढील शब्दांना ‘खोर’ हा प्रत्यय लावून शब्द तयार करा :
(i) भांडण –
(i) चुगली –
उत्तर:
(i) भांडखोर
(ii) चुगलखोर

प्रश्न 2.
पुढील शब्दांच्या आधी ‘अव’ हा उपसर्ग लावून शब्द तयार करा :
(i) गुण – (ii) लक्षण –
उत्तर:
(i) अवगुण
(ii) अवलक्षण

प्रश्न 3.
वर्गीकरण करा : (सराव कृतिपत्रिका -१).
शब्द : सामाजिक, अभिनंदन, नम्रता, अपयश.
प्रत्ययघटित – उपसर्गघटित
(i) ……………………………
(ii) ……………………………
उत्तर:
प्रत्ययघटित – उपसर्गघटित
(i) सामाजिक – (ii) नम्रता
(i) अभिनंदन – (ii) अपयश

५. सामान्यरूप :
पुढील शब्दांची सामान्यरूपे लिहा :
(i) रात्रीचे –
(ii) पंखांनी –
(iii) आंब्यावर –
(iv) म्हातारीला –
(v) संगीताने –
(vi) हाताला –
उत्तरे :
(i) रात्रीचे – रात्री
(ii) पंखांनी – पंखां
(iii) आंब्यावर – आंब्या
(iv) म्हातारीला – म्हातारी
(v) संगीताने – संगीता
(vi) हाताला – हाता

६. वाक्प्रचार :

प्रश्न 1.
जोड्या जुळवा :
वाक्प्रचार – अर्थ
(i) चाहूल येणे – (अ) चौकशी करणे
(ii) सार्थक होणे – (आ) गुंग होणे
(iii) थक्क होणे – (इ) अंदाज येणे
(iv) विचारपूस करणे – (ई) धन्य वाटणे
(v) भान विसरणे – (उ) चकित होणे
उत्तरे :
(i) चाहूल येणे – अंदाज येणे
(ii) सार्थक होणे – धन्य वाटणे
(iii) थक्क होणे – चकित होणे
(iv) विचारपूस करणे – चौकशी करणे
(v) भान विसरणे – गुंग होणे.

प्रश्न 2.
दिलेल्या वाक्यांत योग्य वाक्प्रचारांचा उपयोग करून वाक्ये पुन्हा लिहा : (कपाळाला आठी पडणे, सहीसलामत बाहेर पडणे, भान विसरणे) (सराव कृतिपत्रिका -१)
(i) त्सुनामीच्या तडाख्यात सापडलेल्या लोकांना भारतीय जवानांनी सुखरूप बाहेर काढले.
(ii) दिवाळीसाठी आणलेले नवीन कपडे नमिताला न आवडल्यामुळे तिने नाराजी व्यक्त केली.
उत्तर:
(i) त्सुनामीच्या तडाख्यात सापडलेले लोक भारतीय … जवानांच्या मदतीने सहीसलामत बाहेर पडले.
(ii) दिवाळीसाठी आणलेले नवीन कपडे पाहून नमिताच्या कपाळालां आठी पडली.

भाषिक घटकांवर आधारित कृती:

१. शब्दसंपत्ती :

प्रश्न 1.
गटात न बसणारा शब्द लिहा :
(i) कोकीळ, पोपट, कावळा, गाय, मोर,
(ii) कुरड्या, पापड्या, शेवया, चकल्या, वाळवण.
उत्तर:
(i) गाय
(ii) वाळवण,

प्रश्न 2.
पुढील पक्ष्यांसमोर त्यांची घरे लिहा :
जसे : कोकिळा – घरटे; तसे
(i) पोपट – …………………….
(ii) कोंबडा – …………………….
उत्तर:
(i) पोपट – ढोली
(ii) कोंबडा – खुराडे.

प्रश्न 3.
जसे : पोपटांचा – थवा; तसे –
(i) गुरांचा – …………………….
(ii) फुलांचा – …………………….
उत्तर:
(i) गुरांचा – कळप
(ii) फुलांचा – गुच्छ,

प्रश्न 4.
पुढील शब्दांचे भिन्न अर्थ लिहा :
← माळा →
← गार →
उत्तर:
मजला ← माळा → हार
थंड ← गार → गारगोटी

प्रश्न 5.
गटात न बसणारा शब्द शोधा : (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-३)
(i) खाणे, जेवणे, जेवण, करणे →
(ii) मधुर, स्वस्त, पाणी, स्वच्छ →
उत्तर:
(i) जेवण
(ii) पाणी

प्रश्न 6.
विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा :
(i) मऊ x …………………..
(ii) गार x …………………..
(iii) धाकटा x …………………..
(iv) अलीकडे x …………………..
(v) अंध x …………………..
(vi) दूर x …………………..
(vii) पक्की x …………………..
(viii) शहर x …………………..
उत्तर:
(i) मऊ x टणक
(ii) गार x गरम
(iii) धाकटा x थोरला
(iv) अलीकडे x पलीकडे
(v) अंघ x डोळस
(vi) दूर x जवळ
(vii) पक्की x कच्ची
(viii) शहर x खेडे

वाट पाहताना शब्दार्थ

• घमघमणे – सुगंध दाटून येऊन पसरणे.
• हजारी मोगरा – अनेक फुलांचा गुच्छ येणारे मोगऱ्याचे झाड.
• गराडा – गर्दी करून घातलेला वेढा.
• प्रतिमा – नवनवीन कल्पना योजून निर्मिती करण्याची क्षमता.
• दिंडी दरवाजा – (दिंडी = मोठ्या दरवाजात असलेला लहान दरवाजा.) दिंडी असलेला मोठा दरवाजा.
• शोष – कोरडेपणा, सुकलेपणा, घशास पडलेली कोरड.
• भला – चांगला, सज्जन.
• डोळस – डोळे-दृष्टी शाबूत असलेला, आंधळेपणाने विश्वास न ठेवणारा.
• धीर धरणे – अधीरता, उत्सुकता दाबून ठेवून संयम बाळगणे.

वाट पाहताना वाक्प्रचार व त्यांचे अर्थ

• तोंडावर येणे : (एखादी भावी घटना) नजीक येऊन ठेपणे.
• सार्थक होणे : धन्यता वाटणे, परिपूर्ती होणे.
• मन आतून फुलून येणे : मनातल्या मनात अमाप आनंद होणे.
• जीव फुटून जाणे : अतोनात कासावीस होणे, भयभीत होणे.
• नाटक चालू ठेवणे : सोंग, बतावणी चालू ठेवणे.
• JKCEMENT Pivot Point Calculator

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Aksharbharati Chapter 7 फूटप्रिन्टस Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Aksharbharati Solutions Chapter 7 फूटप्रिन्टस

Marathi Aksharbharati Std 10 Digest Chapter 7 फूटप्रिन्टस Textbook Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
आकृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
कारणे लिहा.
(अ) स्नेहल त्रासली, कारण ………………………….
(आ) पावडेकाकांचा चेहरा पडला, कारण ………………………….
(इ) रेखामावशीची पावलं अधिक सुंदर आहेत, कारण. ………………………….
(ई) अभिषेकचे बाबा म्हणतात, पब्लिक ट्रान्सपोर्ट इज अ मस्ट, कारण ………………………….
उत्तरः
(अ) स्नेहल रेखामावशींना सॉरी म्हणाली कारण स्नेहल रेखामावशींना त्यांच्या मळकट पायांबद्दल बोलली होती.
(आ) पावडेकाकांचा चेहरा एकदम पडला कारण पावडे काकांची काळीकुट्ट पावले मोबाईल स्क्रिनवर उमटली होती.
(इ) रेखामावशीची पावलं अधिक सुंदर आहेत कारण रेखामावशीच्या रोजच्या जीवनात कार्बन उत्सर्जनाला वावच नाही.
(ई) सुमित म्हणतो, पब्लिक ट्रान्सपोर्ट इज मस्ट, कारण आपल्या पायांना चिकटलेला कार्बन प्रमाणात ठेवणे गरजेचे आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
उत्तर लिहा.
(अ) स्नेहलने केलेला निश्चय
(आ) अभिषेकने केलेला निश्चय
उत्तरः
(अ) स्नेहलने निश्चय केला की ती आजपासून बसनंच ये-जा करणार.
(आ) अभिषेकने निश्चय केला की तो कॉलेजला जाण्यासाठी सायकलचा उपयोग करणार.

प्रश्न 4.
पाठातील पात्रांची स्वभाव वैशिष्ट्ये लिहून तक्ता पूर्ण करा.
उत्तरः

प्रश्न 5.
खालील वाक्यांतील अलंकार ओळखा.
(अ) रेखामावशीचे पाय झऱ्याच्या स्फटिक स्वच्छ पाण्यासारखे.
(आ) पायपुसणीच्या आकाराचा एक निळा चौकोन उमटला, अगदी आभाळाच्या निरभ्र तुकड्यासारखा.

प्रश्न 5.
खालील शब्दांचे प्रचलित मराठीत अर्थ लिहा.
(अ) व्हर्चुअल रिअलिटी
(आ) टेक्नोसॅव्ही
उत्तरः
(अ) वास्तव सत्य
(आ) तंत्रस्नेही

प्रश्न 6.
खालील वाक्यातील विरामचिन्हे शोधून त्यांची नावे लिहा.
“मावशी, तुम्ही राहता कुठं?” विरामचिन्हे
उत्तरः

प्रश्न 7.
खालील शब्दांच्या जाती ओळखून लिहा.
(१) स्नेहल
(२) तिचे
(९) खालील तक्ता पूर्ण करा.
(३) चंदेरी
(४) करणे

प्रश्न 8.
स्वमत.
(अ) ‘आपल्या पायांचे वातावरणावर उमटलेले ठसे, आपल्याला सहजतेने पुसता येत नाहीत’, या विधानाचा तुम्हांला कळलेला अर्थ स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
वातावरणात ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगचे प्रमाण वाढताना दिसत आहे. मानवाने विज्ञानाच्या जोरावर अनेक नवनवीन तंत्रज्ञान विकसित केले आहे. मानवनिर्मित घटकांचा वापर करत असताना निसर्गाची हानी होत आहे. प्रत्येकजण दळणवळणासाठी वैयक्तिक वाहनांचा वापर करताना दिसतो. या वाहनांमुळे वातावरणात खूप मोठ्या प्रमाणात कार्बन मिसळत असतो. वृक्षतोड करून मोठमोठ्या इमारती उभारल्या जातात. झाडे नष्ट झाल्याने वातावरणातील ऑक्सिजनचे प्रमाण कमी होत आहे. त्यामुळे वातावरण प्रदूषित होत आहे. म्हणून लेखक रेखामावशीचे उदाहरण देतात, रेखामावशीच्या पायाला लागलेली धूळ त्यामुळे फरशीवर उमटणारे ठसे सहज पुसता येतील; पण आपण वातावरण दररोज कळत नकळत प्रदूषण करत असतो. त्याचे उमटलेले ठसे म्हणजेच ‘आपल्या पायांचे वातावरणात उमटलेले ठसे, मात्र आपल्याला सहजतेने पुसता येणार नाहीत’, असे लेखकाला या ठिकाणी सूचित करायचे आहे.

(आ) ‘तापानं फणफणलीय आपली धरती’ ही स्थिती बदलण्यासाठी उपाय सुचवा.
उत्तर:
पर्यावरण प्रदूषणात वाढ होईल अशीच आपली जीवनशैली असते. सार्वजनिक वाहनांचा वापर न करणे, एकाच माणसासाठी खाजगी वाहनाचा वापर थोड्या-थोड्या अंतरासाठी बाईकमोटारगाड्यांचा वापर यातून सदैव कार्बनचे उत्सर्जन आपण करत असतो. त्यामुळे जागतिक तापमान वाढीस मदत होते. शक्यतो आपण सार्वजनिक वाहनांचा उपयोग केला पाहिजे. थोड्या-थोड्या अंतरासाठी सायकलीचा किंवा पायी चालण्याचा पर्याय निवडला पाहिजे. म्हणजे कमीत-कमी पेट्रोलचा वापर केला पाहिजे. झाडे लावली पाहिजेत, हिरवळी वाढवल्या पाहिजेत, जेणे करून वातावरणातलां कार्बन डायोंक्साईड कमी होऊन हवा शुद्ध राहण्यास मदत होईल.

उपक्रम:

(अ) आठवड्यातून एक दिवस सायकलचा किंवा सार्वजनिक वाहनाचा वापर करा.
(आ) ‘ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगचे दुष्परिणाम’, या विषयावर शिक्षकांच्या मदतीने चर्चा करा.

भाषाभ्यास
वाक्य म्हणजे काय, हे आपण अभ्यासले आहे. वाक्यांचे विविध प्रकार आहेत. त्यांतील काही वाक्यप्रकारांची माहिती आपण करून घेणार आहोत.
(१) विधानार्थी वाक्य
(३) उद्गारार्थी वाक्य ही वाक्ये वाचा. ही वाक्ये वाचा.
(अ) माझे घर दवाखान्याजवळ आहे.
(अ) अरेरे ! फार वाईट झाले.
(आ) तो रोज व्यायाम करत नाही.
(आ) शाबास ! चांगले काम केलेस. या प्रकारच्या वाक्यांत केवळ विधान केलेले असते. या प्रकारच्या वाक्यांत भावनेचा उद्गार काढलेला असतो.

(२) प्रश्नार्थी वाक्य ही वाक्ये वाचा.
(४) आज्ञार्थी वाक्य
(अ) तुला लाडू आवडतो का? ही वाक्ये वाचा.
(आ) तुम्ही सकाळी केव्हा उठता?
(अ) मुलांनो, रांगेत चला. या प्रकारच्या वाक्यांत प्रश्न विचारलेला असतो.
(आ) उत्तम आरोग्यासाठी व्यायाम करा. या प्रकारच्या वाक्यांत आज्ञा किंवा आदेश असतो.

वर दिलेल्या चारही प्रकारांतील वाक्यांचे नमुने तयार करा.

Marathi Akshar Bharati Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 फूटप्रिन्टस Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न १. खालील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
आकृतीबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
सहसंबंध जोडा.

प्रश्न 4.
तुलना करा.

प्रश्न 5.
कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
(i) ……………………………………. दार उघडलं आणि कामवाल्या रेखामावशी आत आल्या. (सुमितनं, अभिषेकनं, स्नेहलनं, पावडेकाकांनी)
(ii) सुमित ……………………………………. कानपूरला शिकत होता. (आय.टी.आय, आय.पी.एस., आय.आय.टी, एम.पी.एस. सी.)
(iii) ……………………………………. खणखणीत आवाजानं सुमितही जागा झाला आणि हॉलमध्ये आला. (रेखामावशीच्या, पावडेकाकांच्या, अभिषेकच्या, स्नेहलच्या)
उत्तर:
(i) अभिषेकनं
(ii) आय. आय. टी.
(iii) रेखामावशीच्या

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा.

(i) सुमित हॉलमध्ये आला कारण …………………………….
उत्तरः
सुमित हॉलमध्ये आला कारण रेखा मावशीच्या खणखणीत आवाजाने त्याला जाग आली होती.

प्रश्न 2.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
जोड्या जुळवा.

उत्तर:
(i-आ),
(ii – इ),
(iii – ई),
(iv – अ)

प्रश्न 4.
खालील प्रश्नांची उत्तरे एका वाक्यात लिहा.

(i) किचनमधील सिंकमध्ये वाट पाहणाऱ्या भांड्यांकडे आपला मोर्चा कोणी वळवला?
उत्तर:
किचनमधील सिंकमध्ये वाट पाहणाऱ्या भांड्याकडे आपला मोर्चा रेखामावशीने वळवला.

(ii) अभिषेक सुमितच्या लॅपटॉपवर काय पाहत होता?
उत्तर:
अभिषेक सुमितच्या लॅपटॉपवर सुमितने केलेले नवे प्रोजेक्ट पाहत होता.

(iii) अभिषेक हॉलमध्ये आला तेव्हा रेखामावशी कोणते काम करत होत्या?
उत्तर:
अभिषेक हॉलमध्ये आला तेव्हा रेखामावशी फरशी पुसत होत्या.

प्रश्न 5.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 6.
चूक की बरोबर लिहा.
(i) सुमितचे बाबा तयार होऊन हॉलमध्ये आले.
(ii) रेखामावशी बिचाऱ्या वरमल्या होत्या.
उत्तर:
(i) चूक
(ii) बरोबर

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
रेखामावशींच्या पावलांचे वर्णन तुमचा शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
रेखामावशींची पावलं धुळीनी माखलेली होती. कारण तिला शेणात-मातीत काम करावं लागात असे. उखणलेल्या रस्त्याने तिला चालत जावे लागे. तिच्या पायातील चप्पल अगदी पातळ झाली होती म्हणून तिच्या पायाला खुप चिरण्या पडल्या होत्या. पाय धुवायला वेळ आणि पाणीही नव्हतं व तिचे पाय धूळ बसून काळे पडले होते.

प्रश्न 2.
पावडेकाकांच्या पायाच्या वर्णनावरून त्यांची जीवनशैली कशी असावी असे तुम्हांस वाटते?
उत्तरः
पावडेकाकांची पावले सुंदर गुलाबी व लोण्यासारखी होती.

यावरून असे दिसते की, ते कधीही पायी चालत नसतील. नेहमी वाहनांचा उपयोग करत असतील. धूळ मातीशी त्यांचा फारसा संबंध येत नसावा, ते अत्यंत चांगल्या प्रतीचे बूट, चप्पल वापरत असतील. पायांच्या स्वच्छतेची काळजी घेत असतील,

प्रश्न 3.
स्वच्छतेबद्दलची तुमची संकल्पना लिहा / किंवा तुमचे विचार लिहा.
उत्तरः
वरवर दिसणारी स्वच्छता ही खरी स्वच्छता नव्हे. पांढरपेशी स्वच्छता ही वातावरण प्रदुषित करण्यास हातभारच लावते. पब्लिक ट्रान्सपोर्टने जाण्याऐवजी आपण कारचा वापर करतो. आणि कार्बन डायऑक्साईड वातावरणात सोडला जातो. त्यामुळे धरणी प्रचंड प्रमाणात प्रदूषित होते. जे आपल्याला उघड्या डोळ्यांनी दिसत नाही. सायकल वापरणं आपण विसरून गेलो आहोत. अगदी कोपऱ्यावरून भाजी आणायची असली तरी आपण बाईकला किक मारतो. आपली पावले स्वच्छ, आपले कपडे स्वच्छ, महागडी कार ही खरी स्वच्छता नाही. धरणी प्रदूषणमुक्त करणे ही खरी स्वच्छता. यासाठी प्रत्येकाने हातभार लावला पाहिजे. झाडे लावली पाहिजेत. धरतीच्या स्वच्छतेची काळजी घेणे यातच खरी स्वच्छता आहे.

प्रश्न २. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
कोण ते लिहा.
(i) टेक्नॉलॉजीबद्दल मळमळ व्यक्त करणारे – सुमितचे मामा
(ii) रेखामावशीला सायकल देणारा – रेखा मावशीचा मुलगा

प्रश्न 4.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) सुमितच्या अॅपचे नाव काय ?
उत्तरः
सुमितने तयार केलेल्या अॅपचे नाव “फूटप्रिन्टस’ आहे.

(ii) रेखामावशी कोठे राहत होती?
उत्तरः
रेखामावशी “टेकडीपल्याड’ राहत होती.

(iii) सुमितच्या मामाच्या मते सगळ्यात भारी ॲप कोठे आहे?
उत्तरः
सुमितच्या मामाच्या मते सगळ्यात भारी ॲप डोक्याच्या कवटीत आहे.

प्रश्न 5.
उताऱ्यानुसार वाक्यांचा क्रम लावा.
(i) “गेल्या मयन्यापतूर चालतच येत हुते; पन आता माज्या लेकानं एक सायकल दिलीया मला”.
(ii) “त्या टेकडी पल्याड”, मावशी म्हणाल्या.
(iii) स्नेहलचा चेहरा पडला.
(iv) मामा, मी एक अॅप तयार केलं आहे.
उत्तर:
(i) मामा, मी एक अॅप तयार केलं आहे.
(ii) स्नेहलचा चेहरा पडला.
(iii) “त्या टेकडी पल्याड’, मावशी म्हणाल्या.
(iv) “गेल्या मयन्यापतूर चालतच येत हुते; पन आता माज्या लेकानं एक सायकल दिलीया मला’.

प्रश्न 6.
कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा
(i) मामा, गंमत तर बघ तू माझ्या अॅपची ……………………………. त्याचं नाव आहे (फूटप्रिन्टस, ॲपप्रिन्टस, लेगप्रिन्टस, फिंगरप्रिन्टस)
(i) सुमितनं आपल्या ……………………………. मोबाईलमधलं अॅप उघडलं आणि रेखा मावशींना काही प्रश्न विचारायला सुरुवात केली. (सॅमसंग, नोकिया, एंड्रॉईड, एल.जी.)
उत्तर:
(i) फूटप्रिन्टस
(ii) एंड्रॉईड

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
योग्य पर्याय निवडून लिहा.
(i) सुमितनं आपला स्मार्टफोन काढला …………………………….
(अ) त्याला फोन करायचा होता,
(आ) मामांना फोन दाखवायचा होता.
(इ) सुमितला मामांना “फूटप्रिन्टस” अप दाखवायचे होते.
(ई) मामांना फोटो दाखवायचा होता.
उत्तरः
सुमितनं आपला स्मार्टफोन काढला सुमितला मामांना “फूटप्रिन्टस” अप दाखवायचे होते.

(ii) सुमितने रेखामावशींना प्रश्न विचारायला सुरुवात केली.
(अ) अपमध्ये माहिती भरायची होती.
(आ) त्याला मावशींबद्दल जाणून घ्यायचे होते.
(इ) स्नेहलने माहिती भरायला सांगितली होती.
(ई) सुमितला अर्ज भरायचा होता.
उत्तरः
सुमितने रेखामावशींना प्रश्न विचारायला सुरुवात केली अप मध्ये माहिती भरायची होती.

प्रश्न 2.
सहसंबंध लावा,
(i) टेक्नोसॅव्ही – अस्वच्छ पाय
(ii) नॉन टेक्नोसॅव्ही – सुमित
(iii) रेखामावशी – सायकल
(iv) मुलगा – सुमितचे मामा
उत्तरः

प्रश्न 3.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 4.
आकृतीबंध पूर्ण करा,

प्रश्न 5.
चूक की बरोबर लिहा.
(i) मामा, गंमत तर बघ तू माझ्या अॅपची….त्याचं नाव आहे फूटप्रिन्टस.
(ii) “सुरुवात करूया अभिषेक पासून”
उत्तर:
(i) बरोबर
(ii) चूक

प्रश्न 6.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले?

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
बाबांनी अनाठायी टेक्नॉलॉजीबद्दल आपली मळमळ व्यक्त केली. या वाक्याबद्दल आपले मत स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
स्वच्छता अॅपबद्दल सुमितने त्याच्या मामांना म्हणजे अभिषेकच्या बाबांना माहिती सांगितली. आजकालचे टेक्नोसॅव्ही लोक काहीही करतात. स्वच्छतेसारखी गोष्ट जाणून घेण्यासाठी अॅपची काय गरज आहे, असे त्यांना वाटते. कारण ते तंत्रज्ञानाबद्दल अधिक जाणत नसावेत. आजचे विज्ञान, तंत्रज्ञान याबद्दल मागच्या पिढीतील लोकं थोडं कमी जाणतात तंत्रज्ञानाच्या साहाय्याने आपण काय-काय करू शकतो, यांची त्यांना माहिती नाही. विशेष बाब म्हणजे काही मंडळींना तंत्रज्ञानाची फक्त नकारात्मक बाजूच माहीत आहे. म्हणून कदाचित अभिषेकच्या बाबांनी तंत्रज्ञानाबद्दल असे नकारात्मक उद्गार काढले असावेत.

प्रश्न 2.
सुमितने तयार केलेल्या अॅपचे वर्णन तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
सुमितने एक स्वच्छता अॅप तयार केलं होतं. त्या अॅपचं नाव ‘फूटप्रिन्टस’ होते. या अॅपच्या सहाय्याने पाय किती स्वच्छ आहेत हे कळू शकणार होते. ज्या माणसाच्या पायाबद्दल जाणून घ्यायचे असेल त्याची माहिती (अॅपनुसार) भरायची व त्याद्वारे संबंधित व्यक्तीच्या पायाच्या स्वच्छतेबद्दल आपल्याला माहिती मिळत असे. माहिती भरल्यानंतर मोबाईलमध्ये एक निळा चौकोन उमटत असे व त्याखाली माहितीच्या आधारे पायांच्या स्वच्छतेबद्दल निष्कर्ष येत असे.

प्रश्न 3.
सुमित तंत्रस्नेही (टेक्नॉसॅव्ही) आहे हे परिच्छेदावरून लिहा.
उत्तरः
सुमितने स्मार्टफोनचा वापर करून एक स्वच्छता अॅप तयार केलं होतं. त्या अॅपमध्ये विचारलेली माहिती भरली की संबंधित व्यक्तीच्या पायाची स्वच्छता कशी आहे हे सिद्ध होत असे. अत्यंत साधे सर्वांना सहज वापरता येईल असे हे अॅप सुमितने तयार केले होते. यावरून दिसून येते की तो तंत्रस्नेही (टेक्नोसॅव्ही) आहे.

प्रश्न ३. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा,

कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
घटना व परिणाम लिहा.

प्रश्न 3.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 4.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) मोबाईल स्क्रीनवर काय उमटले?
उत्तर:
मोबईलच्या स्क्रीनवर पायपुसणीच्या आकाराचा एक निळा चौकोन उमटला.

(ii) सुमितने रेखामावशींची सगळी माहिती का घेतली?
उत्तर:
रेखामावशींची पावलं किती स्वच्छ आहेत हे जाणून घेण्यासाठी मोबाईलवर तो ती माहिती भरणार होता.

(iii) पावडेकाकांचे ऑफिस त्यांच्या घरापासून किती किलोमीटर आहे?
उत्तरः
पावडेकाकांचे ऑफिस त्यांच्या घरापासून १६ किलोमीटर आहे.

(iv) पावडेकाका चिडून सुमितला काय म्हणाले?
उत्तरः
पावडेकाका चिडून सुमितला म्हणाले, “हो, नाही तर काय बसला लटकत जाऊ म्हणतोस?”

प्रश्न 5.
(i) कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा, ……………………………. पावडेकाकांचा डेटा ॲपमध्ये भरायला सुरू केला. (अभिषेकनं, स्नेहानं, सुमितनं, राकेशन)
(ii) ……………………………. तर फार गडबडून गेल्या (स्नेहा, रेखामावशी, पावडेकाकू, नेहा)
उत्तर:
(i) सुमितनं
(ii) रेखामावशी

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
चौकटी पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 3.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) सुमितने पावडेकाकांना कोणती शंका विचारली?
उत्तरः
“वीस किलोमीटर कारने-तुम्ही एकट्यानेच प्रवास केला?” ही शंका सुमितने पावडेकाकांना विचारली.

(ii) पावडेकाका रोज किती किलोमीटर कारने प्रवास करत?
उत्तर:
पावडेकाका रोजचे पस्तीस-चाळीस किलोमीटर कारने प्रवास करत.

(iii) स्क्रीनवर उमटलेला पायपुसणीच्या आकाराचा निळा चौकोन कोणासारखा होता?
उत्तरः
स्क्रीनवर उमटलेला पायपुसणीच्या आकाराचा निळा चौकोन अगदी आभाळाच्या निरभ्र तुकड्यासारखा होता.

प्रश्न 4.
चूक की बरोबर लिहा.
(i) पावडेकाकांचे ऑफिस त्यांच्या घरापासून २० किलोमीटर आहे.
(ii) रेखामावशीचे पाय चंदेरी आहेत.
उत्तर:
(i) चूक
(ii) बरोबर

प्रश्न 5.
योग्य जोड्या जुळवा.

उत्तर:
(i – इ),
(ii – ई),
(iii – अ),
(iv – आ)

प्रश्न 6.
योग्य पर्याय निवडून विधाने पूर्ण करा.
(i) इवल्याशा झोपडीपुढंही त्यांनी …………………………….
(अ) तीन झाडं लावली होती.
(आ) दोन झाडं लावली होती.
(इ) चार कुंड्या लावल्या होत्या.
(ई) सहा रोपे लावली होती.
उत्तरः
इवल्याशा झोपडीपुढंही त्यांनी दोन झाडं लावली होती.

(ii) ……………………………. किलोमीटर तर नक्कीच होतात.
(अ) पस्तीस – पन्नास
(आ) पन्नास – साठ
(इ) पस्तीस – चाळीस
(ई) चाळीस – पस्तीस
उत्तर:
पस्तीस – चाळीस किलोमीटर तर नक्कीच होतात.

प्रश्न 7.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले?

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
रेखामावशी पर्यावरणास कशी मदत करत होती ते तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तर:
रेखामावशी कोणत्याही धूर सोडणाऱ्या वाहनाने ये-जा करत नसत. शक्यतो त्या पायीच ये-जा करायच्या. कधीकधी सायकल वापरायच्या म्हणजे हवेत कार्बन डायऑक्साईड मिसळण्याची जी प्रक्रिया होते, त्यात त्यांचा अजिबात सहभाग नव्हता. त्यांनी त्यांच्या झोपडीपुढे दोन झाडं लावली होती. त्यातलं एक पर्यावरणास पूरक लिंबोणीचं होतं. ही झाडे लावून त्यांनी पर्यावरणाला मदतच केली होती.

प्रश्न 2.
मोबाईल स्क्रीनवर उमटलेल्या चित्राचे वर्णन करा.
उत्तर:
सुमितने मोबाईलचे बटन दाबताच स्क्रीनवर पायपुसणीच्या आकाराचा निळा चौकोन उमटला. त्या निळ्या तुकड्याच्या मधोमध दोन पावलं उमटली. एकदम चंदेरी वर्खात मढलेली आणि खाली इंग्रजीत शब्द उमटले, ‘सिल्व्हर फूटप्रिन्टस! दि मोस्ट क्लिन फूटप्रिन्टस’.

प्रश्न 3.
पर्यावरणाच्या मदतीसाठी तुम्ही काय प्रयत्न कराल ते उदाहणांसह लिहा.
उत्तरः
पर्यावरणाची समस्या दिवसेंदिवस गंभीर होत चालली आहे. त्यासाठी प्रत्येकाने हातभार लावणे गरजेचे आहे. सार्वजनिक वाहनांचा वापर करणे, झाडे लावणे, प्लॅस्टीकचा वापर टाळणे, पाण्याचा योग्य वापर करणे, वीज बचतीच्या सवयी लावून घेणे. त्यामुळे आपण पर्यावरण रक्षणास थोडाफार तरी हातभार लावू शकतो असे मला वाटते.

प्रश्न 4.
पावडेकाका पर्यावरणास मारक अशी कोणती कृती करतात ते तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
पावडेकाका सदैव कारने प्रवास करतात. त्यामुळे ते हवेत जास्त कार्बन डायऑक्साईड सोडण्याची कृती करतात, त्यामुळे हवेचे प्रदूषण होते. एवढेच नव्हे तर रोजचा पस्तीस ते चाळीस किलोमीटरचा प्रवास ते एकट्याने करतात. पावडे काकांसारखी अशी अनेक माणसे आहेत की ती एक-एकटी प्रवास करून इंधन, ध्वनी, वायू, जमीन यांची हानी करत असतात. पावडे काकांची एकंदरीत जीवनशैली बघितली तर ते सदैव पर्यावरणास मारक अशीच कृती करतात असे दिसून येते.

प्रश्न ४. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.
कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती करा.

प्रश्न 2.
कारणे लिहा.

(i) आपल्या पायाला चिकटलेला हा कार्बन आपाल्याला धुवायला हवा कारण …
उत्तर:
आपल्या पायाला चिकटलेला हा कार्बन आपल्याला धुवायला हवा कारण ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगमुळे आपली पृथ्वी तापाने फणफणते आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
कोण ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 4.
चौकटी पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 5.
कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
(i) पुन्हा निळा तुकडा चमकला आणि काही क्षणातच त्या निळ्या तुकड्यावर पावडेकाकांची ……………………………. उमटली. (बोटे, पावलं, ठसे, अंगठी)
(ii) किती प्रचंड ……………………………. चिकटलेला असतो, आपल्या पायांना! ग्लोबल वॉर्मिगला हातभार लावतो आपण. (कार्बन, नायट्रोजन, ऑक्सिजन, गॅस)
उत्तर:
(i) पावलं
(ii) कार्बन

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा.

(i) स्वच्छता अपवर रेखामावशींची पावलं स्वच्छ उमटली कारण …………………………… .
उत्तरः
स्वच्छता अपवर रेखामावशींची पाऊले स्वच्छ उमटली कारण रेखामावशीच्या दैनंदिन जीवन शैलीतून कार्बन वातावरणात सोडत नाही.

(ii) स्वच्छता अपवर पावडेकाकांची काळीकुट्ट पावलं उमटली कारण …………………………… .
उत्तर:
स्वच्छता अपवर पावडेकाकांची काळीकुट्ट पावलं उमटली कारण पावडेकाका त्यांच्या जीवनशैलीतून दररोज एक लीटर पेट्रोलच्या दुपटीहून अधिक कार्बन डायऑक्साइड वातावरणात सोडतात.

प्रश्न 2.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

(i) स्नेहल गहिवरून काय म्हणाली?
उत्तरः
आपण ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगला हातभार लावतो म्हणून पृथ्वी तापानं फणफणलीय, असे स्नेहल गहिवरून म्हणाली.

(ii) पावडेकाकांना कोणती गोष्ट पटली नाही?
उत्तर:
आपली सुंदर स्वच्छ पावले स्वच्छता अपवर काळीकुट्ट उमटली ही गोष्ट पावडेकाकांना पटली नाही.

(iii) पावलांचा काळा रंग कशावरून ठरतो?
उत्तरः
पावलांचा काळा रंग कार्बन सोडण्याच्या प्रमाणावरून ठरतो.

(iv) रेखामावशीची पावलं आपल्यापेक्षा अधिक सुंदर, चंदेरी का आहेत?
उत्तरः
रेखामावशींच्या रोजच्या जगण्यात कार्बन उत्सर्जनाला वावच नाही, म्हणून त्यांची पावलं आपल्यापेक्षा अधिक सुंदर, चंदेरी आहेत.

प्रश्न 3.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले?

प्रश्न 4.
योग्य पर्याय निवडून विधान पूर्ण करा,
(i) हे अॅप आपल्या जीवनशैलीतून उमटणाऱ्या आपल्या …………………………….
(अ) कार्बन प्रिन्टस रेखाटतं.
(आ) झेरॉक्स प्रिन्टस रेखाटतं.
(इ) नकली प्रिन्टस रेखाटतं.
(ई) कलर प्रिन्टस रेखाटतं.
उत्तरः
हे अप आपल्या जीवनशैलीतून उमटणाऱ्या आपल्या कार्बन प्रिन्टस रेखाटतं.

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
पावडेकाकांनी सुमितवर राग का व्यक्त केला तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तरः
सुमितने तयार केलेल्या स्वच्छता अॅपवर सुमितने पावडेकाकांची सगळी माहिती भरली आणि मोबाईलच्या स्क्रीनवर पावडेकाकांची काळीकुट्ट पावले उमटली आणि खाली शब्द आले, ‘यू हॅव डर्टीएस्ट फूटप्रिन्टस’ पावडेकाकांचे प्रत्यक्षात पाय अत्यंत स्वच्छ आणि सुंदर होते. मग त्यांचे पाय असे काळेकुट्ट कसे असू शकतात म्हणून ते रागावले.

प्रश्न 2.
ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगला आपण प्रत्यक्ष किंवा अप्रत्यक्ष कशाप्रकारे हातभार लावतो हे तुमच्या अनुभवातून लिहा.
उत्तरः
आपण प्रत्यक्ष आणि अप्रत्यक्ष अशा अनेक गोष्टी करतो, की त्यामुळे आपण ग्लोबल वॉर्मिंगला हातभार लावतो. आपण थोड्याथोड्या अंतरावर जाण्यासाठी कार्बन उर्सजन करणाऱ्या वाहनांचा वापर करतो. सार्वजनिक वाहनांचा उपयोग न करता एकेका व्यक्तीसाठी एकेक वाहन वापरतो. जितक्या प्रमाणात आपण वृक्षतोड करतो, तेवढी वृक्षांची लागवड करत नाही. ओझोन आणि ऑक्सिजन यांना विरल करणारे अनेक विषारी आणि घातक वायू आपण आपल्या जीवनशैलीतून वातावरणात सोडत असतो.

प्रश्न 3.
धरती तापानं फणफणलीय हे विधान स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
स्नेहलच्या मते, आपण आपल्या जीवनशैलीतून अवधं वातावरण घाण करतो. प्रदूषित करतो. प्रचंड प्रमाणात कार्बन वातावरणात सोडतो. त्यामुळे पृथ्वीचे तापमान दिवसेंदिवस वाढते आहे. या सगळ्यांचा परिणाम ऋतु हवामान, पाऊस या सगळ्यांवर झाला आहे. धरतीवरील बर्फाचे कडे वितळू लागले आहेत. संपूर्ण चराचराला याचे परिणाम भोगावे लागत आहेत.

प्रश्न 4.
सुमितने कोणते शास्त्रीय सत्य पावडेकाकांना सांगितले?
उत्तरः
सुमितने पावडेकाकांना सांगितले, एक लीटर पेट्रोल जळते म्हणजेच त्याच्या दुपटीहून अधिक कार्बन डायॉक्साईड वातावरणात सोडला जातो. तुमच्या कार्बन सोडण्याच्या प्रमाणावरून तुमच्या पावलांचा रंग ठरतो. म्हणून प्रत्यक्षात सुंदर दिसणारी पावडेकाकांची पाऊले मात्र खऱ्या अर्थाने काळीकुट्ट आहेत.

प्रश्न ५. पुढील उताऱ्याच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सुचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती १ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती करा.

प्रश्न 2.
योग्य पर्याय निवडून लिहा.
(i) स्नेहल कॉलेजला जाताना बसने ये-जा करणार आहे कारण…
(अ) तिला बसच्या गर्दी पासून वाचायचे होते.
(आ) सायकलने ये-जा केल्याने तिचा व्यायाम होणार होता.
(इ) तिला कार्बन उर्ल्सजनाचे प्रमाण कमी करून पर्यावरणाला हातभार लावायचा होता.
(ई) तिला पैसे वाचावायचे आहेत.
उत्तरः
स्नेहल कॉलेजला जाताना बसने ये-जा करणार आहे कारण तिला कार्बन उर्सजनाचे प्रमाण कमी करून पर्यावरणाला हातभार लावायचा होता.

(ii) सगळ्यांनी पब्लिक ट्रान्सपोर्टचा वापर करावा कारण …………………………….
(अ) त्यामुळे रहदारीची समस्या कमी होईल
(आ) प्रवासाचा खर्च वाचेल.
(इ) अनेकांनी एकाच वाहनाचा उपयोग केल्यामुळे वाहनांची संख्या कमी होवून कार्बन उत्सर्जनाचे प्रमाणही कमी होईल,
(ई) प्रदुषण वाढेल.
उत्तरः
सगळ्यांनी पब्लिक ट्रान्सपोर्टचा वापर करावा कारण अनेकांनी एकाच वाहनाचा उपयोग केल्यामुळे वाहनांची संख्या कमी होऊन कार्बन उत्सर्जनाचे प्रमाणही कमी होईल.

प्रश्न 3.
एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.
(i) अभिषेकला कशी पावले हवी होती?
उत्तर:
अभिषेकला रेखामावशीसारखी चंदेरी पावले हवी होती.

(ii) कोणती गोष्ट आपल्याला कमीपणाची वाटते?
उत्तर:
बसने प्रवास करणे ही गोष्ट आपल्याला कमीपणाची वाटते.

प्रश्न 4.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 5.
कंसातील योग्य शब्द वापरून रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
(i) ……………………………….. सगळ्याचं बोलणं लक्ष देऊन ऐकत होत्या. (रेखामावशी, स्नेहल, पावडेकाकू, अमिषाकाकू)
(ii) त्या निळ्याशार तुकड्यावर ……………………………….. उमटल्याचा त्यांना भास झाला. (तारे, चांदणं, ढग, मेघ)
उत्तर:
(i) रेखामावशी
(ii) चांदणं

कृती २ : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कृती पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 2.
उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 3.
चूक की बरोबर लिहा.
(i) रेखामावशी सगळ्यांचं बोलणं लक्ष देऊन ऐकत होत्या.
(ii) सुमित भरभरून बोलत होता.
उत्तर:
(i) बरोबर
(ii) बरोबर

प्रश्न 4.
कोण कोणास म्हणाले ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 5.
योग्य पर्याय निवडून विधान पूर्ण करा. मी ठरवलंय, मी कॉलेजला जाताना सायकल वापरणार, मला माझे पाय….
(अ) अभिषेकसारखे सोनेरी हवेत.
(आ) स्नेहलसारखे सुंदर हवेत.
(इ) रेखामावशींसारखे चंदेरी हवेत.
(ई) पावडेकाकूसारखे चंदेरी हवेत.
उत्तरः
मी ठरवलंय, मी कॉलेजला जाताना सायकल वापरणार, मला माझे पाय रेखामावशींसारखे चंदेरी हवेत.

कृती ३ : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
उताऱ्यातील प्रत्येकाने पर्यावरणपूरक वागण्याचा कशाप्रकारे निश्चय केला?
उत्तरः
अभिषेक कॉलेजला जाण्यासाठी सायकल वापरणार होता. तर स्नेहल बसने ये-जा करणार होती. थोड्या-थोड्या अंतरासाठी बाईक न वापरता पायीच चालत गेले पाहिजे असे अभिषेकच्या बाबांनी ठरवले. आपली ही कार्बनची पावलं पुसून टाकण्यासाठी वृक्ष लागवड करायला हवी, असे मत सुमितने व्यक्त केले. अशाप्रकारे सर्वांनी पर्यावरणास मदत करण्याची शपथ घेतली.

प्रश्न 2.
हिरव्यागर्द झाडांनी आपली काळीकुट्ट पावलं थोडी तरी उजळ होतील हे विधान तुमच्या शब्दांत स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तरः
आपण आपल्या दैनंदिन जीवनशैलीतून जास्तीत जास्त कार्बन वातावरणात सोडतो. त्याचा प्रचंड परिणाम पर्यावरणावर होतो. हवेत मिसळलेल्या कार्बनचे प्रमाण कमी करण्यासाठी व ऑक्सिजनचे प्रमाण वाढवण्यासाठी जास्तीत जास्त प्रयत्न केले पाहिजेत, त्यातला सर्वात ठोस आणि परिणामकारक उपाय म्हणजे जास्तीत जास्त झाडे लावणे व त्यांचे संवर्धन करणे. त्यामुळे ऑक्सिजनच्या प्रमाणात वाढ होईल. त्यासाठी सर्वांनीच जाणीवपूर्वक प्रयत्न केले पाहिजे.

प्रश्न 3.
कार्बन डायऑक्साईडचे हवेतले प्रमाण कमी करण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय उपाय करू शकता? तुमचे मत लिहा.
उत्तरः
हवेत सोडला जाणारा कार्बन आणि निसर्गात निर्माण होणारा ऑक्सिजन यांच्या प्रमाणात प्रचंड असमतोल आपण प्रदुषणाच्या माध्यमातून अनुभवतो. निर्माण होणारे औद्योगीकरण, झाडांची प्रचंड कत्तल, कारखान्यातून निघणारा धूर यांमुळे ऑक्सिजनच्या प्रमाणात घट होते आहे.

या सगळ्याचा विचार करता, विकास करताना पर्यावरणाचा नाश होणार नाही ही बाब लक्षात घेतली पाहिजे. जेवढी झाडे कापली आहेत, तेवढी वाढवली पाहिजेत. लोकसंख्येवर नियंत्रण आणले पाहिजे, प्रत्येकाने आपल्या जीवनशैलीचा अभ्यास करून ती पर्यावरण पुरक कशी होईल याचा विचार केला पाहिजे, तरच ओं क्सिजनचे प्रमाण वाढून हवेतील कार्बनचे प्रमाण कमी होऊ शकते.

स्वाध्याय कृती

प्रश्न 1.
कारणे लिहा.

(i) स्नेहल त्रासली कारण …………………………….
उत्तर:
स्नेहल त्रासली कारण रेखामावशींच्या पायाचे काळे मळकट ठसे पुसलेल्या फरशीवर उमटले होते.

(ii) पावडेकाकांचा चेहरा पडला कारण …………………………….
उत्तर:
पावडेकाकांचा चेहरा पडला कारण मोबाईल स्क्रीनवर पावडे काकांची काळीकुट्ट पावलं उमटली होती.

(७) खालील तख्ता पूर्ण करा

फूटप्रिन्टस Summary in Marathi

फूटप्रिन्टस पाठपरिचय‌‌

तरूणांना‌ ‌मार्गदर्शन‌ ‌करणाऱ्या‌ ‌छात्रप्रबोधन‌ ‌एप्रिल‌ ‌२०१७‌ ‌च्या‌ ‌अंकातून‌ ‌प्रस्तुत‌ ‌पाठ‌ ‌घेतला‌ ‌आहे.‌ ‌ग्लोबल‌ ‌वॉर्मिंगमधून‌ ‌आपल्या‌ ‌धरणीमातेला‌ ‌वाचवण्यासाठी‌ ‌वृक्षसंवर्धनाबरोबरच,‌ ‌वैयक्तिक‌ ‌वाहनांचा‌ ‌उपयोग‌ ‌करण्यापेक्षा‌ ‌प्रवासी‌ ‌वाहन‌ ‌सुविधांचा‌ ‌अधिकाधिक‌ ‌वापर‌ ‌करावा,‌ ‌त्यासाठी‌ ‌आपली‌ ‌जीवनशैली‌ ‌बदलावी‌ ‌असा‌ ‌संदेश‌ ‌’फूटप्रिन्टस’‌ ‌या‌ ‌पाठातून‌ ‌लेखक‌ ‌’डॉ.‌ ‌प्रदिप‌ ‌आवटे’‌ ‌यांनी‌ ‌दिला‌ ‌आहे.‌‌

फूटप्रिन्टस Summary in English

To‌ ‌save‌ ‌the‌ ‌earth‌ ‌from‌ ‌global‌ ‌warming,‌ ‌besides‌ ‌planting‌ ‌trees,‌ ‌we‌ ‌must‌ ‌use‌ ‌public‌ ‌transportation‌ ‌rather‌ ‌than‌ ‌private‌ ‌vehicles,‌ ‌which‌ ‌will‌ ‌also‌ ‌help‌ ‌to‌ ‌reduce‌ ‌the‌ ‌pollution.‌ ‌To‌ ‌realize‌ ‌this,‌ ‌our‌ ‌routine‌ ‌lives‌ ‌must‌ ‌undergo‌ ‌changes‌ ‌and‌ ‌adjustments‌ ‌whenever‌ ‌necessary.‌ ‌This‌ ‌is‌ ‌the‌ ‌message‌ ‌of‌ ‌this‌ ‌lesson‌ ‌by‌ ‌Dr.‌ ‌Pradeep‌ ‌Awate.‌ ‌Minimising‌ ‌the‌ ‌use‌ ‌of‌ ‌electronic‌ ‌gadgets‌ ‌and‌ ‌machinery‌ ‌will‌ ‌help‌ ‌us‌ ‌connect‌ ‌with‌ ‌nature‌ ‌and‌ ‌there‌ ‌will‌ ‌also‌ ‌be‌ ‌additional‌ ‌greenery‌ ‌in‌ ‌the‌ ‌world‌ ‌around‌ ‌us.‌‌

फूटप्रिन्टस शब्दार्थ‌

• ‌समदी‌ ‌-‌ ‌सगळी‌ ‌-‌ ‌(entire)‌
• ‌बक्कल‌ ‌-‌ ‌पुष्कळ‌ ‌-‌ ‌(abundant,‌ ‌plenty)‌ ‌
• उखणणे‌ ‌‌-‌ ‌खडबडीत‌ ‌होणे‌ ‌-‌ ‌(become‌ ‌rough)‌
• ‌गोजिरा‌ ‌-‌ ‌सुंदर‌ ‌-‌ ‌(beautiful)‌ ‌
• चिरण्या‌ ‌-‌ ‌तडा,‌ ‌भेगा‌ ‌-‌ ‌(cracks)‌‌
• लोन्यागत‌ ‌-‌ ‌लोण्यासारखा‌ ‌-‌ ‌(like‌ ‌butter)‌
• ‌निरभ्र‌ ‌-‌ ‌ढग‌ ‌नसलेल्या,‌ ‌स्वच्छ‌ ‌-‌ ‌(cloudless)‌ ‌
• चंदेरी‌ ‌-‌ ‌चांदीसारखा‌ ‌-‌ ‌(like‌ ‌silver‌ ‌of‌ ‌silver‌ ‌colour)‌
• ‌ठसे‌ ‌-‌ ‌छाप‌‌ -‌ ‌(an‌ ‌impression)‌ ‌
• स्फटिक‌ ‌-‌ ‌पारदर्शक‌ ‌-‌ ‌(crystal)