Category: Class 5

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 25 Community Health and Hygiene Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 25 Community Health and Hygiene

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 25 Community Health and Hygiene Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blank.

Question a.
A healthy and wholesome life leads to feelings of …………….. .
Answer:
A healthy and wholesome life leads to a feeling of friendship.

Question b.
Constant presence of tobacco in the digestive organs can lead to cancer of ………….. .
Answer:
Constant presence of tobacco in the digestive organs can lead to cancer of (any) digestive organs.

Question c.
…………… leads to diseases of the liver, intestines and urinary bladder
Answer:
Alcoholism leads to diseases of the liver, intestines and urinary bladder

Question d.
The most important factor in the country’s progress and development are its ……………. .
Answer:
The most important factor in the country’s progress and development are its people.

Question e.
Good community ………… can be achieved through habits of hygiene and good health.
Answer:
Good community health and hygiene can be achieved through habits of hygiene and good health.

2. True or false? Correct the wrong statement.

Question a.
Pollution, squalor, epidemics, addictions, and insect-borne diseases are all beneficial for community health.
1. True
2. False
Answer:
Pollution, squalor. epidemics. addictions and insect-borne diseases are all threats to the community

Question b.
There is a ban on spitting in public places.
1. True
2. False
Answer:
1. True.

Question c.
A nutritious diet, personal hygiene, exercise and pursuit of hobbies lead to excellent health.
1. True
2. False
Answer:
1. True

Question d.
We cannot live a wholesome life if we take care of our health.
1. True
2. False
Answer:
We can live a wholesome life if we take care of our health

3. Answer the following question.

Question a.
How can you achieve excellent health?
Answer:
Nutritious food. personal cleanliness. exercise and pursuit of hobbies leads to achievement of excellent health.

Question b.
What factors are a threat to community health?
Answer:
Pollution, squalor, epidemics of infectious diseases. addiction, insect-borne diseases, malnutrition are the factors that cause a threat to community health.

Question c.
What are the ill effects of chewing tobacco?
Answer:

1. If tobacco is consumed, there are ulcers in the mouth. Ulcers develop into bigger wounds and they are later turned into tumours.
2. Oral cancer, i.e. cancer of the mouth may be formed.
3. Tobacco entering into the digestive system cause cancer of any of the digestive organs. It also leads to various complaints of the digestive system.
4. A person with cancer has to undergo painful treatment. It can lead to death.

Question d.
What are the ill effects of alcoholism?
Answer:

1. Alcohol acts on the brain of a person. Person becomes drowsy and confused.
2. Alcohol makes a person lose control over one’s actions.
3. Alcohol causes diseases of the liver, intestines and kidney, and urinary bladder.

Use your brain power

Question 1.
What bad habits will you guard against while trying to achieve your aim or interest in life?
Answer:
Do it yourself

Activity :

Question 1.
Write and present a short play on preventing addictions in society.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 25 Community Health and Hygiene Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blank with the correct answers from the option given below:

Question 1.
Pollution, squalor, epidemics of infectious diseases and insect borne diseases, addictions are all …………………. to community health.
(a) encouragement
(b) threats
(c) addictions
Answer:
(b) threats

Question 2.
It is a ………………… offence to spit in public places.
(a) legal
(b) illegal
(c) criminal
Answer:
(a) legal

Question 3.
If we take care of our health it is possible to lead a ……………… life.
(a) happy
(b) wholesome
(c) comfortable
Answer:
(a) happy

Question 4.
Cigarettes, bidis, masheri are …………… products.
(a) factory
(b) modern
(c) tobacco
Answer:
(c) tobacco

Question 5.
An entire family is destroyed due to …………………. of alcohol.
(a) addiction
(b) consumption
(c) solution
Answer:
(a) addiction

Question 6.
Addiction of tobacco can cause diseases like ………….
(a) tuberculosis
(b) cancer
(c) malaria
Answer:
(b) cancer

Question 7.
We must make ………….. to ensure good health for all.
(a) efforts
(b) pollution
(c) ugliness
Answer:
(a) efforts

Question 8.
To nurture community health is to ………… the general public from disease.
(a) avoid
(b) protect
(c) encourage
Answer:
(b) protect

Question 9.
People are urged in every possible way to keep their ………………. clean.
(a) surroundings
(b) body
(c) mind
Answer:
(a) surroundings

Question 10.
If we take care of our health, it is possible for us to lead a ……………… life.
(a) complete
(b) incomplete
(c) wholesome
Answer:
(c) wholesome

Question 11.
We see many people …………. tobacco in different ways.
(a) consuming
(b) destroying
(c) shunning
Answer:
(a) consuming

Question 12.
Drinking alcohol has …………… effects on the body.
(a) good
(b) bad
(c) adverse
Answer:
(c) adverse

Question 13.
Addiction to alcohol is called ………….. .
(a) fanatism
(b) alcoholism
(c) lunatism
Answer:
(b) alcoholism

Question 14.
……………. makes a person drowsy and confused.
(a) Alcohol
(b) Milk
(c) Coffee
Answer:
(a) Alcohol

Question 15.
………………….. causes diseases of the liver, intestines and urinary bladder.
(a) Fanatism
(b) Alcoholism
(c) Socialism
Answer:
(b) Alcoholism

Question 16.
Addiction to tobacco or alcohol are both very ……… habits.
(a) good
(b) bad
(c) ugly
Answer:
(b) bad

Question 17.
Never be ………… about health.
(a) negative
(b) assertive
(c) negligent
Answer:
(c) negligent

Question 18.
The family of an addict gets deprived of health and happiness is …………
(a) ruined
(b) built
(c) restored
Answer:
(a) ruined

Question 19.
Tobacco, drugs and alcohol produce a state of …………… .
(a) peace
(b) aggression
(c) intoxication
Answer:
(c) intoxication

Question 20.
Learn to say ………… firmly in order to avoid bad habits.
(a) Yeas
(b) No
(c) OK
Answer:
(b) No

From the actions given below, mark those that are harmful with a cross (✗) and healthy with a (✓) marks:

Question 1.

1. Burning of tyres. [ ]
2. Spitting anywhere on the road. [ ]
3. Using public toilets [ ]
4. Looking after domestic animals [ ]
5. Following doctor’s instructions in cases of infectious diseases [ ]
6. Washing your hands before a meal or snack. [ ]
7. Throwing the garbage from your house on to the road. [ ]

Answer:

1. Burning of tyres. [✗]
2. Spitting anywhere on the road. [ ✗]
3. Using public toilets [✓]
4. Looking after domestic animals [✓]
5. Following doctor’s instructions in cases of infectious diseases [✓]
6. Washing your hands before a meal or snack. [✓]
7. Throwing the garbage from your house on to the road. [✗]

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What leads to good health?
Answer:
Nutritious food, personal hygiene, exercise and pursuit of hobbies lead to excellent health and good personal development.

Question 2.
How is mass media used to ensure community health?
Answer:
Mass media are used under community welfare programmes to educate people about issues such as taking care of drinking water and food.

Question 3.
How can we lead a wholesome life?
Answer:
If we take care of our health, it is possible for us to lead a wholesome life.

Question 4.
What happens when people of a society live a healthy and wholesome life?
Answer:
If people of a society live a healthy and wholesome life, social tensions also decrease and feelings of friendship can be nurtured.

Question 5.
What is addiction?
Answer:
At first, a person may consume drugs, alcohol or tobacco casually, but later he becomes dependent and cannot give up the habit. This stage is called addiction.

Question 6.
What happens to people when they are tobacco addicts?
Answer:
When people develop this habit, they become restless if they do not get tobacco. They are not able to pay attention to anything else as they have to have tobacco in their mouth at all times.

Question 7.
Why should we stay away from drugs, tobacco and alcohol?
Answer:
Addiction to drugs, alcohol or tobacco eventually kills the person. So everyone should be aware of the ill-effects of these addictions and strictly stay away from them.

Question 8.
How can we help an addict?
Answer:
An addict should be given the help of counsellors or doctors immediately to rid the person of the habit.

Question 9.
What is the only solution to stay away from bad habits?
Answer:
Learning to say ‘NO! firmly is the best way to stay away from bad habits.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Burning tyres is not good.
Answer:
Tyres are made of rubber. When rubber burns it gives out many gases which are poisonous. These gases spread in the air and when inhales these gases affect the health of the people. Burning tyres also causes pollution of air. This will also affect birds and animals. Hence it is not good to burn tyres.

Question 2.
One should not spit on the road.
Answer:
Spitting on the road spreads infectious diseases if the spit is of a person already suffering from a disease. The spit dries up and it flies in the air and when we inhale this air we get the disease. Hence spitting on the road is not good.

Question 3.
One should not throw garbage on the road.
Answer:
Garbage thrown on the road decays and many flies sit on this. Even water gets stagnated due to garbage and mosquitoes breed there. Decaying garbage emits a foul smell and makes the place dirty. Hence this can affect the people’s health.

Question 4.
State whether true or false? Correct the wrong statements:

1. Alcoholism causes diseases of liver, intestines, and urinary bladder.
2. Eating mawa, pan masala are good for health.
3. Community welfare programmes educate people about safe drinking water and food.
4. Ban on smoking in public places helps in preventing the bad effects of passive smoking

Answer:

1. True
2. False. Eating pan masala is bad for health.
3. True
4. True

Some important factors that are harmful for community health are mentioned below. Some suggested remedies are mentioned in the next box. Add other ill effects and remedies to the respective boxes.

Question 1.


Answer:

What’s the solution?

Question 1.
You have seen one of your friend’s brother smoking and drinking alcohol and he is slowly becoming addicted.
Answer:
If you see your friend’s, brothers becoming addicted with smoking and drinking alcohol, you should tell this to his parents. Then your friend’s, brother should be taken to a doctor or councellor to rid him of the habit. The family members and friend should support him and help him to give up the habit. Once he is rid of the habit, he should engage himself in some sports or other hobbies.

Question 2.
There is a slum area is your locality where there is lot of filth, dirt and people are living in squalor.
Answer:
People should be educated about the need to maintain hyginic conditions. The students can plan an awareness drive and do street plays and people should be educated about how they should keep their surroundings clean.

+

Glossary :

1. malnutrition – faulty nutrition due to inadequate or unblanced intake of nutrients
2. envy – a feeling of discontent aroused by someone’s qualities etc.
3. tuberculosis – a communicable disease that affects the • lungs caused by tubercle bacillus.
4. epidemic – an outbreak of disease affecting a large population
5. infectious – communicable by infection
6. wholesome – promoting healthy body
7. restless – showing unrest of mind.
8. passive smoking – involuntary inhalations of tobacco smoke by a nonsmoker,
9. remedies – treatment that relieves or cures a disease.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question 1.
You are hungry, but the food has been left uncovered.
Answer:
Heating kills all the disease germs present in the food. So if food is uncovered then one should heat (warm) the food and then eat it when hungry. Eating warm food is always good for health.

2. Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Which method of preventing the breeding of mosquitoes will you recommend for your surroundings – not allowing water to stagnate or spraying insecticides on the water? Why?
Answer:
First of all it is better not to allow water to stagnate. Hence I would recommend this method for preventing breeding of mosquitoes. However if there are nullahs or gutters in the surrounding area then spraying insecticide on water will be recommended to kill the mosquito larvae growing in water. Therefore both the methods need to be applied sometimes.

3. Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question (a)
What is an infectious disease?
Answer:
When diseases spread from one person to another person, they are called infectious diseases.

Question (b)
What are the mediums of the spread of diseases?
Answer:
Diseases spread through mediums like food, water, air and insect bite. Sometimes it also spreads by coming in direct contact with a diseased person.

Question (c)
What happens when there is an epidemic of disease?
Answer:
When many people in one area get the same infectious disease at the same time, we say there is an epidemic of the disease. During an epidemic air and water gets contaminated with the disease germs and the disease spreads rapidly. Contaminated water also contaminates the food. If the epidemic is severe many people become serious and need to be hospitalised. To control the epidemic one needs to maintain hygiene and a clean surrounding.

Question (d)
What is vaccination?
Answer:
When a person is given a vaccine against a specific disease, he develops resistance to that disease. This process of giving vaccine is called vaccination. Whooping cough diphtheria and tetanus called triple vaccine is given.

Question (e)
Make a list of the vaccination given to a new bom baby.
Answer:
The table given below shows the list of vaccinations given to the new bom baby along with the schedule of when the vaccination is given:

Vaccine given	Disease against which it is given	Age of the new bom baby when it is given
BCG Vaccine	Against Tuberculosis	within 15 days after baby is just born
Hepa B vaccine	Jaundice caused by Hepatitis B vims	As soon as the baby is born
Oral Polio	Against Polio	Within 2 weeks
Triple vaccine	Against Diphteria, whooping cough and tetanus	After 6 weeks baby is born

Triple vaccine is repeated twice again after 10 weeks and 14 weeks after the baby is bom. Hep. B vaccine is also repeated twice after 4 weeks and 8 weeks after birth. After completing a year the baby is given vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. It is called MMR vaccine.

4. True or False:

Question (a)
Intestinal diseases spread though air.
Answer:
False

Question (b)
Some diseases are caused by the anger of gods
Answer:
False

5. Classify the diseases given below as diseases that spread through food, through water, and through air:

Question 1.
Classify the diseases given below as diseases that spread through food, through water, and through air:
Malaria, Typhoid, Cholera, Tuberculosis, Jaundice, Gastro, Diarrhoea, Diphtheria, Conjunctivitis, Chickenpox.
Answer:

Through Food	Through Water	Through Air
Typhoid	Typhoid	Tuberculosis
Cholera	Cholera	Diphtheria
Jaundice	Jaundice	Conjunctivitis
Gastro Diarrhoea	Diarrhoea	Chickenpox

6. Give reasons.

Question (a)
When there is an epidemic of cholera, we should boil water before drinking.
Answer:
Sometimes water gets mixed with faeces of person who is suffering from the cholera and it gets contaminated. When people drink this contaminated water an epidemic of cholera spreads.
Boiling the water kills the germs causing the disease and hence one is prevented from getting cholera.
Therefore during an epidemic of cholera one should boil water and drink.

Question (b)
We should not allow puddles of water to stand in our surroundings.
Answer:
When water stagnates in a puddle, mosquitoes lay eggs in the water and they increase in number. Mosquito bite spread malaria germs and people suffer from malaria. To prevent people from getting malaria mosquitoes should be stopped from breeding. To prevent mosquitoes from breeding we should not allow puddle of water to stand in our surrounding.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 23 Infectious Diseases and how to Prevent them Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blank with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
……………….. cause diseases.
(a) Microorganisms
(b) Bacteria
(c) Germs
Answer:
(a) Microorganisms

Question 2.
Every …………………. is caused by a specific microorganism or germ.
(a) illness
(b) disease
(c) flu
Answer:
(b) disease

Question 3.
The germs of disease like influenza are present in the spit or ………………… of the person who has the disease.
(a) tongue
(b) nose
(c) saliva
Answer:
(c) saliva

Question 4.
When diseases spread through food it is called ………………. .
(a) food poisoning
(b) viral
(c) infection
Answer:
(a) food poisoning

Question 5.
Malaria is caused due to bite of a certain kind of ………………… .
(a) animal
(b) mosquito
(c) bird
Answer:
(b) mosquito

Question 6.
Germs of diseases like conjunctivitis spreads through …………………. .
(a) air
(b) water
(c) faces
Answer:
(a) air

Question 7.
Cholera spreads when people drink ……………. water.
(a) good
(b) contaminated
(c) bottled
Answer:
(b) contaminated

Question 8.
People who have a serious infectious disease like tuberculosis or swine flu are ……………….. .
(a) hospitalised
(b) educated
(c) quarantined
Answer:
(c) quarantined

Question 9.
As soon as the baby is born it is given ………………. vaccine.
(a) tuberculosis
(b) triple
(c) polio
Answer:
(a) tuberculosis

Question 10.
The …………………. vaccine is given orally.
(a) conjunctivitis
(b) polio
(c) malaria
Answer:
(b) polio

Question 11.
When the germs of a particular disease enter the body and begins to grow, the person gets the …………… .
(a) food
(b) disease
(c) cough
Answer:
(b) disease

Question 12.
Disease of the throat and the chest spread through the ………………. .
(a) water
(b) faeces
(c) air
Answer:
(b) faeces

Question 13.
People get ………………. or diarrhoea after eating contaminated food at a function.
(a) flue
(b) gastro
(c) viral
Answer:
(b) gastro

Question 14.
Maintaining ……………….. everywhere is beneficial for our health.
(a) food
(b) cleanliness
(c) disease
Answer:
(b) cleanliness

Question 15.
It is important to always keep our food ……………….. .
(a) covered
(b) uncovered
(c) uncooked
Answer:
(a) covered

Question 16.
Insects like mosquitoes, lice and fleas spread …………………. .
(a) beauty
(b) health
(c) disease
Answer:
(c) disease

Question 17.
Ringworm, scabies are disease that affect the …………….. .
(a) head
(b) skin
(c) bones
Answer:
(b) skin

Question 18.
Germs of disease like the flu or conjunctivitis spread quickly through the …………….. .
(a) air
(b) water
(c) fire
Answer:
(a) air

Question 19.
If, at some place, mosquitoes ……………… in large numbers then many people there can get malaria
(a) beautify
(b) breed
(c) creed
Answer:
(b) breed

Question 20.
Air, water, food and insects are the ……………….. through which disease spread.
(a) mediums
(b) area
(c) report
Answer:
(a) mediums

Question 21.
It is possible to ……………….. a disease from ecoming an epidemic.
(a) familiarize
(b) prevent
(c) breed
Answer:
(b) prevent

Question 22.
To prevent disease from spreading through water, it is ………………… at the water works.
(a) diluted
(b) polluted
(c) purified
Answer:
(c) purified

Question 23.
When there is an epidemic of gastro or jaundice, people are advised to ………………. water before drinking it.
(a) cook
(b) steam
(c) boil
Answer:
(c) boil

Question 24.
To prevent mosquitoes from breeding, we must ensure there is no ……………… water in the surroundings.
(a) stagnant
(b) flowing
(c) rippling
Answer:
(a) stagnant

Question 25.
Clothes and utensils used by patients are washed with ………………… .
(a) pesticides
(b) germicides
(c) fertilizers
Answer:
(b) germicides

Question 26.
Our body develops …………….. to a particular disease due to vaccination.
(a) resistance
(b) persistance
(c) deliverance
Answer:
(a) resistance

Question 27.
The vaccines for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus are combined into a ………………. vaccine and given as an injection.
(a) single
(b) double
(c) triple
Answer:
(c) triple

Question 28.
Polio Vaccine is given …………………… .
(a) verbally
(b) mentally
(c) orally
Answer:
(c) orally

Question 29.
Primary Health Centres have been established at the ……………. level.
(a) urban
(b) village
(c) grass root
Answer:
(b) village

Question 30.
It is in now forbidden by law to ……………….. in a public place.
(a) spit
(b) sit
(c) stand
Answer:
(a) spit

Question 31.
………………….. media are also used for raising public awareness about health and hygiene issues.
(a) Mass
(b) Public
(c) Home
Answer:
(a) Mass

Question 2.
Match the columns:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Ringworm	1. Contaminated Air
(b) Jaundice	2. Direct contact
(c) Tuberculosis	3. Open wound contaminated with soil
(d) Dengue	4. Contaminated food and water
(e) Tetanus	5. Mosquito bite

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group ‘B’
(a) Ringworm	2. Direct contact
(b) Jaundice	4. Contaminated food and water
(c) Tuberculosis	1. Contaminated Air
(d) Dengue	5. Mosquito bite
(e) Tetanus	3. Open wound contaminated with soil

Name the following:

Question 1.
Insect that causes Malaria.
Answer:
Female Anopheles Mosquito

Question 2.
Insect that causes Dengue.
Answer:
Aedes mosquito

Question 3.
Vaccine for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus (Given as injection).
Answer:
Triple vaccine

Question 4.
Microorganisms that are useful to us.
Answer:
Microorganisms converting milk into yoghurt or microorganisms fermenting batter for idlis.

Question 5.
Germicide used to kill microorganisms in the spittle of a person having tuberculosis.
Answer:
Phenyl or dettol.

Question 5.
State whether the following statements are True or False:

1. Vaccination helps our body to develop resistance against diseases.
2. Community programmes are being undertaken every year at the National level to eradicate (put an end) polio, by giving oral vaccine of polio to children below five years.
3. On television people are educated about right methods of handling, drinking water so to make them aware of how diseases can be prevented.
4. Insects like lice and fleas spread diseases.
5. Cancer is an infectious disease.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False

Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Name the disease that has been completely eradicated (that is it has completely disappeared) by vaccination.
Answer:
The disease called small pox has been completely eradicated by vaccination.
(Note : Now no one in the world is gets the scare or is suffering from small pox.)

Question 2.
Which disease spreads through flea’s bite?
Answer:
Fleas spread diseases like plague when they bite.
(Note : Fleas are found on the bodies of pets like dogs, cat and also on rhodents like rats.)

Question 3.
Why should we cover our nose and mouth when we cough or sneeze?
Answer:
Disease of the throat and chest spread through the air. When other breathe the same air, germs enter their bodies. That is why we must cover our nose and mouth when we cough or sneeze.

Question 4.
What is ‘food poisoning’?
Answer:
Gastro or diarrhoea spreads through contaminated3 food. When we eat this food the disease spread is called food poisoning.

Question 5.
Why should food always be kept covered?
Answer:
When some flies sit on our food, the germs enter the food. Later when we eat this food the germs enter our body, so we must always cover the food.

Question 6.
What is an epidemic?
Answer:
When many people in one area get the same infectious disease all at the same time, we say that there is an epidemic of the disease.

Question 7.
What precaution can be taken to prevent the spread of tuberculosis?
Answer:
The spittle of a person who has tuberculosis is collected in a vessel and covered with a germicide like phenyl. Such precautions can help to prevent the disease from spreading.

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
Doctors give tetanus vaccine after getting a cut or wound while handling a sharp instrument or after falling down and getting bruised badly while playing.
Answer:
Tetanus germs are present in the soil, dung and dust. The sharp instrument may be dirty, so it may carry the tetanus germs. These germs may then spread though the wound and cause disease. To prevent tetanus germs from spreading doctors give the vaccine which help us develop resistance against this disease.

Question 2.
A person suffering from a disease should cover the mouth when sneezing or coughing.
Answer:
Disease causing organisms are present in the spit or saliva of the person. When they sneeze or cough these gems spread in the air and cause disease in other people. To prevent the spread of disease through the air a person suffering from a disease should cover the mouth while sneezing or coughing.

Question 3.
Before eating or handling food one should wash the hands using soap and water.
Answer:
Soap kills the germs which cause diseases and water washes them away. If our hand is dirty then they may contain disease causing germs. If we handle food, or eat food without washing, the germs will enter the food and contaminate it with these germs. This can cause intestinal diseases or food poisoning. Hence it is advised that one should wash the hands using soap and water before eating or handling food.

Question 4.
People who are suffering from tuberculosis or swine flu are quarantined and kept in hospitals.
Answer:
The diseases like tuberculosis and swine flu are infectious. They spread through air easily. Also the germs spread cause disease in a healthy person if the healthy person comes in contact directly with the diseased person. In hospitals there are separate wards for such diseased people, where extra care and precautions are taken to prevent spread of diseases. Therefore patients suffering from these diseases are quarantined and kept in hospital.

Can you tell:

Question 1.
When your friends fall while playing and get hurt, does anyone tell you ‘Don’t go near them. You will also yet hurt’?
Answer:
No, no one tells us like that because we will not get hurt because the friend is hurt.

Question 2.
Suppose your mother has a headache. Do you also get a headache if you go near her?
Answer:
No, I do not get a headache if I go near her.

Question 3.
When is it that you are told not to go near a sick person, not to use their utensils for eating or drinking; not to use their hankies, towels or clothes?
Answer:
We are told not to go near a sisk person when the person is suffering from cold, flu, is having high fever, or if the person is suffering from chicken pox, measles, mumps etc.

Question 4.

What different activities are going on in the above picture.
Answer:
Women are washing clothes in the river. A boy is urinating in the water. A man is washing utensil and filling it with water. Buffaloes are being washed in the water. Children are swimming and a lady is filling pots with water to use for drinking purpose.

Question 5.

What do you see in the picture below above?
Answer:
Food is kept open. People are being served this uncovered food and they are eating it. The man serving the food is wearing dirty colthes. There is no cleanliness maintained in the restaurant.

Question 6.
What steps will you take to ensure that dust and flies do not settle on the food in your house?
Answer:
The food will be covered properly to see that no dust and flies settle on it. It will be kept in clean and closed utensils in the kitchen. Care will be taken to see that the kitchen is kept clean. So that no flies will sit there.

Question 7.
Why should you not go to school if you have conjunctivitis?
Answer:
Conjunctivitis causing germs spreads through air. If we go to school many other children will also get this disease. To prevent the spread of this disease, we should not go to school when suffering from conjunctivitis.

Glossary:

1. conjunctivitis – sore eyes, which causes irritation.
2. forbidden -not allowed.
3. contaminated – to make impure by adding some substance.
4. stagnates – gets collected.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 5 Evolution of Mankind Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 5 Evolution of Mankind

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 5 Evolution of Mankind Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blank.

Question a.
Homo is a Latin word which means ____________.
Answer:
Homo is a Latin word which means man.

Question b.
The Neanderthals primarily lived in ____________.
Answer:
The Neanderthals primarily lived in caves.

2. Answer question in one sentence.

Question a.
Who is said to have first made tools like the hand-axe?
Answer:
Homo erectus is said to have first made tools like a hand-axe.

Question b.
What is heredity?
Answer:
Heredity is similarity in appearance and health characteristics of human beings to their ancestors.

3. Give reasons for the following.

Question a.
The Neanderthals became extinct.
Answer:

1. Homo sapiens were the neighbours of the Neanderthals in Europe. Conflicts with the Homo sapiens took place; wherein the Neanderthals suffered.
2. The Neanderthals failed to adapt to environmental changes. As a result, the Neanderthals became extinct.

Question b.
Humans could produce subtle and varied types of sounds.
Answer:

1. Homo sapiens had developed to a stage wherein they had fully developed larynx.
2. Their jaws and muscles inside the mouth were fully developed.
3. Their tongue was flexible. Therefore, human beings (Homo sapiens) could produce subtle and varied types of sounds.

4. Read the clues given below and find the words hidden in the box.

Question 1.
Read the clues given below and find the words hidden in the box.

• Humans who stood upright.
• A sound that Neanderthals could make.
• Humans who used their hands.
• Homo sapiens sapiens began to grow this in fields.
• Pieces of stone used to make tools.
• It kept Homo erectus warm although they could not make it.
• A country in which remains of Homo habilis were found.
• A way of preparing food that Neanderthals used.
• A tool made by Homo erectus.
• Homo sapiens could do this to make pictures.
• Humans could use their hands because they learnt to stand on two of these.
• The country in which remains of Neanderthals were first found.
• These were buried with them when Neanderthals died.

Activity :

Question 1.
Prepare a chart to show the progress of Man at the various stages from Homo habilis to Homo sapiens sapiens.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 5 Evolution of Mankind Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks :

1. The species of humans who could use their hands effectively is known as the ……….. human.
2. The scientist Louis Leakey who discovered this species named it …………………
3. Homo habilis could ………………… on two feet and walk.
4. The spine of Homo habilis was slightly ……. and not quite erect.
5. The stone tools made by Homo habilis were not useful for hunting ………. animals.
6. Homo habilis was a ………….
7. Homo erectus marks an important stage in human ………….
8. Compared to Homo habilis, Homo erectus has a more ……………………. brain.
9. Homo erectus species lived in ……….
10. During the time of ……………….., the earth was covered with ice sheets.
11. Homo erectus made tools like the
12. The remains of Homo erectus have been found along with his ……………………. in the continents of Africa, Asia and Europe.
13. The …………………. man was physically big and strong
14. His……………….. was more developed than that of Homo erectus.
15. They made tools out of big ……………….
16. The Neanderthals hunted ………. animals.
17. They used ………………… clothing.
18. They were mainly …………….. eaters.
19. They ate meat…………… on fire.
20. They knew the art of making………
21. Some scientists believe that the Neanderthals communicated with each other by producing ……… and other primary sounds.
22. Neanderthals had established some ………… of burying the dead.
23. Some groups of Neanderthals left …………………. and migrated up to the continents of Europe and Asia.
24. They had to …………. new ways of living and finding food.
25. ………………… is the name used for humans that were more advanced than the Neanderthals.
26. Homo sapiens means ……………. Man.
27. The ………….. became extinct about 30,000 years ago
28. In Europe, Homo sapiens is also known as ……………. Man.
29. Homo sapiens used to make stone ……………. and fix them in grooves’ and notches made in wood or bone handles.
30. Homo sapiens could produce a variety of ……………. and modulate his ……… ….. the way he liked.
31. Homo sapiens had a well-developed ……………. system.
32. Homo sapiens could draw…………….. on the basis of actual observation as well as imagination.
33. The capacity of the human brain and his grasping power went on continuously.
34. ………………. is a science that studies heredity.
35. Genetics research has shown that we have inherited some traits of the ………….. man.
36. Homo sapiens sapiens developed the technique of cultivating ………….. and keeping ………………..
37. He began to live a more …………. life.
38. The changed lifestyle and diet affected the …….. of humans.
39. The name ……………………. reflects his intellectual and cultural rather than his physical prowess”.
40. In Europe, …………… is also known as Cro-Magnon Man’.
41. The stone tools made by ………… were not useful for hunting big animals.

Answer:

1. skilled
2. Homo
3. stand
4. bent
5. big
6. forager
7. evolution
8. developed
9. groups
10. Homo erectus
11. hand-axe
12. tools
13. Neanderthal
14. brain
15. pebbles
16. big
17. leather
18. meat
19. roasted
20. fire
21. grunts
22. rituals
23. Africa
24. adopt
25. Homo sapiens
26. Intellectual
27. Neanderthal
28. CroMagnon
29. blades
30. sounds, voice
31. language
32. pictures
33. developing
34. Genetics
35. Neanderthal
36. land, animals
37. settled
38. appearance
39. Homo sapiens sapiens
40. Homo sapiens
41. Homo habilis

Match the columns :

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Homo habilis	a. The man who stands erect.
2. Homo erectus	b. Intellectual Man.
3. Neanderthal Man	c. A man who uses his hands skillfully.
4. Homo sapiens	d. Remains found in Europe, Asia, Africa.
5. Cro-Magnon Man	e. Knew the art of making fire.
6. Louis Leakey	f. Science that studies heredity.
7. Neanderthal Man	g. Made tools like the hand-axe.
8. Homo erectus	h. Had a well developed language system
9. Homo sapiens	i. Remains found in Germany.
10. Genetics	j. Discovered the species ‘Homo habilis’

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Homo habilis	c. A man who uses his hands skillfully.
2. Homo erectus	a. The man who stands erect.
3. Neanderthal Man	e. Knew the art of making fire.
4. Homo sapiens	b. Intellectual Man.
5. Cro-Magnon Man	d. Remains found in Europe, Asia, Africa.
6. Louis Leakey	j. Discovered the species ‘Homo habilis’
7. Neanderthal Man	i. Remains found in Germany.
8. Homo erectus	g. Made tools like the hand-axe.
9. Homo sapiens	h. Had a well developed language system
10. Genetics	f. Science that studies heredity.

Answer if the following statements are True/False. If false, then state the correct answer:

Question 1.

1. The scientist Louis Leakey named the first species of humans as Homo erectus.
2. In Latin “Homo’ means ‘man’.
3. Homo erectus means The man who can use his hands skilfully
4. The stone tools made by Homo habilis were not useful for hunting big animals.
5. Homo habilis was not a forager”
6. Homo erectus species lived in groups.
7. Homo erectus knew the technique of making fire.
8. Homo erectus made tools like the hand-axe.
9. The Neanderthal Man was more developed than that of Homo erectus.
10. The Neanderthal Man hunted small animals.
11. The Neanderthal Man knew the art of making fire.
12. The Neanderthals established some rituals of burying the dead
13. Some groups of Neanderthals left Africa and migrated to India
14. Homo sapiens means Intellectual Man.
15. The Neanderthals became extinct about 30,000 years ago
16. Homo sapiens is also known as the ‘Cro Magnon Man’ in Europe.
17. The Homo sapiens could only grunt and make some sounds.
18. Genetics is a science that studies heredity.
19. The changed lifestyle and diet affected the appearance of humans.
20. Homo sapiens sapiens reflects his intellectual and culture rather than his physical prowess.

Answer:

1. False. The scientist Louis Leakey named the first species of humans as Homo habilis.
2. True.
3. False. Homo habilis means “The man who can use his hands skilfully’.
4. True.
5. False. Homo habilis uns a forager.
6. True
7. False. Homo erectus knew the use of fire but had not mastered the technique of making fire.
8. True
9. True.
10. False. The Neanderthal Man hunted big animals.
11. True.
12. True.
13. False. Some groups of Neanderthals left Africa and migrated to the continents of Europe and Asia.
14. True.
15. True.
16. True.
17. False. The Homo sapiens has a well-developed language system.
18. True.
19. True
20. True.

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
What was the species of humans who could use their hands effectively known as?
Answer:
The species of humans who could use their hands effectively is known as ‘The skilled human

Question 2.
Where was the first evidence of this species found?
Answer:
The first evidence of this species was found in the border region between Tanzania and Kenya in the continent of Africa.

Question 3.
What was this species named and by which scientist?
Answer:
The scientist Louis Leakey who discovered this species, named it “Homo habilis’.

Question 4.
What does Homo habilis mean?
Answer:
Homo habilis means ‘the one who uses his hands skillfully.

Question 5.
Why was he called Homo habilis?
Answer:
He was called Homo habilis because besides their fossilized remains, some tools made by them were also found.

Question 6.
Give two uses of the stone tools made by Homo habilis.
Answer:
The stone tools made by Homo habilis had limited uses such as scraping” meat from the skin of dead animals or breaking bones to get the marrows

Question 7.
How did Homo habilis acquire his food?
Answer:
Homo habilis was a forager. It is possible that he hunted small animals, gathered eggs, wild fruits and roots to eat.

Question 8.
What does Homo erectus mean?
Answer:
Homo erectus means ‘the one who stands erect’.

Question 9.
How did Homo erectus survive the extreme climatic conditions during the ice-age?
Answer:
Homo erectus could survive the extreme climatic conditions during the ice-age because he knew the use of fire but had not mastered the technique of making fire.

Question 10.
Where have the remains of Homo erectus been found?
Answer:
The remains of Homo erectus have been found in the continents of Africa, Asia and Europe.

Question 11.
Where were the remains of the Neanderthal Man found?
Answer:
The remains of the Neanderthal Man were first found at Neanderthal in Germany.

Question 12.
How did the Neanderthal Man eat roasted meat?
Answer:
The Neanderthal knew the art of making fire and hence ate roasted meat.

Question 13.
How did the Neanderthal Man communicate with each other?
Answer:
The Neanderthals communicated with each other by producing grunts and other primary sounds.

Question 14.
Where did the Neanderthal Man migrate?
Answer:
Some groups of Neanderthal Man left Africa and migrated up to the continents of Europe and Asia.

Question 15.
What was the challenge to the Neanderthal Man in Europe and Asia?
Answer:
The Neanderthals had to adopt to the new way of living and finding food as they had to face a different environment.

Question 16.
Which Species of humans were more advanced than the Neanderthal Man?
Answer:
The Homo sapiens was more advanced than the Neanderthal Man.

Question 17.
What does Homo sapiens mean?
Answer:
Homo sapiens means Intelligent or Intellectual man.

Question 18.
How many years ago did the Neanderthal Man become extinct?
Answer:
The Neanderthal Man became extinct about 30,000 years ago

Question 19.
What are Homo sapiens known as in England?
Answer:
Cro-Magnon man.

Question 20.
Where have their remains been found?
Answer:
Their remains have been found in Europe, Asia and Africa.

Question 21.
Describe the tools used by the Cro-Magnon man.
Answer:
The Cro-Magnon man used tools made of stone blades and fixed them in grooves and notches made of wood or bone handles.

Question 22.
Why was the human species later called as Homo Sapiens Sapiens?
Answer:
The human species was later known as Homo sapiens sapiens as their capacity to think developed even further than that of Homo sapiens.

Question 23.
What is Genetics?
Answer:
Genetics is a science that studies ‘heredity’.

Give reasons for the following:

Question 1.
Homo habilis was a forager.
Answer:
i. Homo habilis was a forager.
ii. This is because he ate the leftovers of animals that had been hunted by others.

Question 2.
Homo erectus could survive during the ice age.
Answer:
i. During the time of Homo erectus, the earth was covered with icesheets and the climate was extremely cold.
ii. As the Homo erectus had learnt the use of fire, he could survive the extreme climate.

Question 3.
The human species Homo Neanderthalensis was known as the Neanderthal Man.
Answer:
The human species Homo Neanderthalensis was commonly known as the Neanderthal Man because his remains were first found in Neanderthal in Germany.

Question 4.
The Neanderthals ate meat roasted on fire.
Answer:
i. The Neanderthals knew the art of making fire.
ii. As they were meat eaters, they ate meat roasted on fire.

Question 5.
Homo sapiens had a well-developed language system.
Answer:
i. The Homo sapiens could produce a variety of sounds and modulate his voice.
ii. Using his imagination, he could name the things around him and soon could put his thoughts and feelings into words thus developing a language system.

Question 6.
The Homo sapiens was named as an Intelligent Man.
Answer:

1. During the course of their evolution, Homo sapiens had developed a language system.
2. He could also draw pictures on the basis of observation and imagination.
3. Hence, he was named as an Intelligent Man.

Question 7.
It is said that the Neanderthal Man and Homo sapiens are both ancestors of the modern humans.
Answer:
i. Genetic research has shown that the modern man has inherited some traits of the Neanderthal Man.
ii. Thus, it can be said that the Neanderthal Man and Homo sapiens are both ancestors of the modern humans.

Answer the following in brief :

Question 1.
Why was the first human species named Homo habilis?
Answer:

1. The scientist Louis Leakey who discovered this first human species named it ‘Homo habilis’.
2. He found some tools made by them beside their fossilized remains.
3. In Latin ‘Homo habilis’ means the man who can use his hands skillfully.
4. Thus, the first human species got their name.

Question 2.
Describe Homo habilis.
Answer:

1. Homo habilis could stand on two feet and walk.
2. His spine was slightly bent and was not quite erect.
3. His brain was bigger than the apes although – he looked somewhat similar.

Question 3.
Give the two uses of the stone tools made by Homo habilis.
Answer:

1. The stone tools made by Homo habilis were not useful for hunting big animals.
2. They had limited uses such as scraping meat from the skin of dead animals.
3. They were also used for breaking bones to get the marrow.

Question 4.
Homo erectus knew the use of fire – Explain.
Answer:

1. During the time of Homo erectus, the Earth was covered with icesheets, hence the climate was extremely cold.
2. Homo erectus could survive that extreme climate because he had learnt to use fire.
3. However, he had not yet mastered the technique of making fire.

Question 5.
Compare the Neanderthal Man to his predecessors.
Answer:

1. The Neanderthal Man was physically big and strong.
2. His brain was more developed.
3. He made tools out of big pebbles. The tools were fixed on a bone or a wooden shaft to make weapons like the spear, axe etc.
4. He hunted big animals, ate their meat and used their leather as clothing.
5. He knew the art of making fire.

Question 6.
How did the Neanderthal Man make fire?
Answer:
i. The Neanderthals knew the technique of making fire.
ii. They rubbed sticks of hard wood on each other or by striking one flintstone on another to obtain sparks.

Question 7.
How did the Neanderthals treat their dead?
Answer:

1. When a member of the group died, the Neanderthals buried tools, horns etc. along with the dead body.
2. They applied red ochre to the dead body before burying it.
3. The Neanderthals thus established some rituals of burying the dead.

Question 8.
Describe the tools made by Homo sapiens.
Answer:
i. Homo sapiens made different kinds of tools and implements to suit the tasks they needed to do.
ii. They made sharp blades of stone and fixed them in grooves and notches made in wood or bone handles.

Question 9.
Why was the Homo sapien called “The Thinking Man’?
Answer:

1. The tools made by Homo sapien were sharper and more precise than the other species.
2. He had a well-developed language system.
3. He could draw pictures on the basis of observation as well as imagination.
4. Hence, he was called as The Thinking Man’.

Question 10.
Describe the development of the Homo sapiens.
Answer:

1. Homo sapiens sapiens developed the technique of cultivating land and keeping animals.
2. With his well-developed capacity to think, the speed at which he improved his technology went on increasing
3. He lived a more settled life.
4. He began to grow food grains in the fields.

Question 11.
The name Homo sapiens sapiens reflects his intellectual and cultural rather than his physical prowess – Explain.
Answer:

1. Modern humans are not satisfied with only meeting their basic need for food.
2. To enrich their life, human beings acquired a culture and continued to develop it.
3. The technological and cultural progress achieved by modern humans has been extremely rapid.
4. Hence, we can rightly say that the life of the Homo sapiens sapiens reflects his intellectual and cultural progress rather than his physical prowess.

Glossary :

1. effectively : in such a manner as to achieve a desired result
2. skillfully : with expertise
3. grunts : low short sound
4. appearance : the way something or someone looks
5. established : existed and recognised
6. migrated : move from one region to another
7. grooves : a long narrow cut in a hard material
8. notches : an incision on a surface
9. modulate : change the o tone pitch of voice
10. prowess : skill in a particular field
11. pebbles : small stones
12. adopt : choose to take up on follow
13. forager : someone who reaches for food
14. scraping : remaining from a surface with forceful strokes
15. marrow : a tissue o in the body, next to bones
16. roasted : cooked
17. ancestors: a person from whom one is descended
18. subtle: very delicate and precise
19. larynx : a hollow passage holding the vocal cords in the human body
20. traits : a distinguishing quality
21. predecessors : someone who came before
22. ochre : an earthy clay-like thing

Balbharati Maharashtra State Board 5th Std Textbook Solutions Answers Digest

• Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Maths Solutions
• Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions
• Maharashtra State Board Class 5 English Solutions
• Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Hindi Solutions
• Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Marathi Solutions

Maharashtra State Board Textbook Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 18 The Environment and Us Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 18 The Environment and Us

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 18 The Environment and Us Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question 1.
Rivers and lakes are filled with water hyacinth.
Answer:
Water hyacinth are formed in rivers and lakes due to pollution. That is mainly due to mixture of detergents in the water. To control it the water hyacinth should be removed and waste water from households or washing clothes in water should be banned.

2. Use your brain power!

Question 1.
What would happen if no kites (birds) are left in a particular region? Which living things would increase in number? Which would decrease?
Answer:
If no kites are left in a particular region the number of birds, amphibian, small mammals and earthworms would increase.

3. Answer the following questions.

Question (a)
What is meant by migration?
Answer:
Movement from one place to another for a short period of time or permanently is called migration.

Question (b)
Describe the life cycle of birds.
Answer:
Birds lay eggs. The eggs are hatched and after a few days, the small birds come out. They grow up in the nest. After three-four weeks they become an adult bird and start laying eggs.

Question (c)
Give two causes of air pollution.
Answer:
The two causes of air pollution are as follows:
1. Fuels are burnt in vehicles, give out certain poisonous gas and smoke.
2. Industries let out some poisonous gases into the air.

Question (d)
For what purpose do we use land obtained by clearing forests?
Answer:
We use land for agriculture, housing, industry and for building roads and railways by clearing forest.

4. Give reasons:

Question (a)
It is important to conserve the living components of the environment.
Answer:
It is important to conserve the living components of the environment because:

1. Due to human intervention in nature the non living components are getting polluted.
2. So the living things are threatened.
3. Several living things have already become extinct.
4. If one factor of the environment is damaged, it disturbs environmental balance.
5. The process of extinction is increasingly fast.
6. This will be a threat to the whole living world.

Question (b)
The numbers of wild animals are falling day by day.
Answer:

1. Forests have been cut down to make place for various reasons of man’s need.
2. Forest provide shelter and food to the wild animals.
3. If the plants on the earth are destroyed the number of animals also fall day by day.
4. Because of hunting, the population of wild animals is falling.

5. True or False:

Question (a)
Dead plants and animals are a biotic components.
Answer:
False

Question (b)
It is necessary to conserve biodiversity.
Answer:
True

6. Classify the following as natural or man-made:

Question 1.
Classify the following as natural or man-made:
Soil, horse, stone, water hyacinth, book, sunlight, dolphin, pen, chair, water, cottonwool, table, trees, brick.
Answer:
Natural – horse, water hyacinth, sunlight, dolphin, water, trees, cottonwool.
Manmade – soil, stone, book, pen, chair, table, brick.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 18 The Environment and Us Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
The population of the world is now close to hundred crore.
(a) four
(b) five
(c) six
Answer:
(c) six

Question 2.
Tremendous quantities of ………………… enter the air due to burning of fuels.
(a) oxygen
(b) nitrogen
(c) carban dioxide
Answer:
(c) carban dioxide

Question 3.
The ………………….. sanctuary is known for bisons.
(a) Radhanagari
(b) Tadoba
(c) Kaziranga
Answer:
(a) Radhanagari

Question 4.
…………………… state has declared the Nannaj area a sanctuary for the Great Indian Bustard.
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Meghalaya
Answer:
(a) Maharashtra

Question 5.
In Madhya Pradesh, Devrais are known as ………….. .
(a) Devran
(b) Sharanvan
(c) Sharanrais
Answer:
(b) Sharanvan

Question 6.
Masrhy or low-lying areas are filled to …………….. the land.
(a) rebuild
(b) reclaim
(c) restore
Answer:
(b) reclaim

Question 7.
There are many types of ……………….. in forests.
(a) plants
(b) rivers
(c) dams
Answer:
(a) plants

Question 8.
Birds build their nests in ………………. .
(a) shrubs
(b) bushes
(c) trees
Answer:
(c) trees

Question 9.
Water sources get ……………… if waste water is let into them without processing.
(a) polluted
(b) clogged
(c) depleted
Answer:
(a) polluted

Question 10.
……………… water is also given out from factories into their surroundings.
(a) Waste
(b) Running
(c) Stagnant
Answer:
(a) Waste

Question 11.
If water from such polluted sources keeps soaking into the soil, it becomes ……………….. .
(a) fertile
(b) infertile
(c) marshy
Answer:
(b) infertile

Question 12.
Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used on a large scale for ………………. .
(a) Horticulture
(b) Vermiculture
(c) Agriculture
Answer:
(c) Agriculture

Question 13.
…………………. is used in all homes.
(a) Fuel
(b) Coal
(c) Kerosene
Answer:
(a) Fuel

Question 14.
There are big industries and factories in which ……………… is used in great quantities.
(a) water
(b) smoke
(c) fuel
Answer:
(c) fuel

Question 15.
When the proportion of carbon dioxide in the air rises, it leads to rise in ………………….. .
(a) rain
(b) temperature
(c) pollution
Answer:
(b) temperature

Question 16.
When fuels are burnt in vehicles, they give out certain ……………… gases as well as smoke.
(a) poisonous
(b) polluted
(c) natural
Answer:
(a) poisonous

Question 17.
Industries also let out some ……………….. gases into the air.
(a) poisonous
(b) polluted
(c) natural
Answer:
(a) poisonous

Question 18.
Due to human ……………………. in nature, large scale changes are taking place in air, water and land.
(a) interval
(b) intervention
(c) invention
Answer:
(b) intervention

Question 19.
From time to time, some of the living things on the earth become ………………. .
(a) strong
(b) weak
(c) extinct
Answer:
(c) extinct

Question 20.
Food, water and clothes are the …………….. of all people.
(a) basics
(b) needs
(c) pollution
Answer:
(b) needs

Question 21.
We need to take steps to prevent the …………………. of the environment.
(a) degradation
(b) pollution
(c) conservation
Answer:
(a) degradation

Question 22.
Let us all ensure that no action on our part will cause ……………….. or cause harm to living things.
(a) conservation
(b) intervention
(c) pollution
Answer:
(c) pollution

Question 23.
Let us make all possible efforts for the …………………. of the living world.
(a) conservation
(b) degradation
(c) confrontation
Answer:
(a) conservation

Question 24.
Several projects are being implemented at the international level to …………………. the balance of nature.
(a) mountain
(b) maintain
(c) destroy
Answer:
(b) maintain

Question 25.
It is important to raise the awareness of people all over the world about the …………………. to environmental balance.
(a) threat
(b) reservation
(c) treat
Answer:
(a) threat

Question 26.
In ‘biodiversity park’, biodiversity is both preserved and ……………….. .
(a) memorized
(b) studied
(c) destroyed
Answer:
(b) studied

Question 27.
People visiting ‘biodiversity park’, enjoy being close to ……………….. .
(a) parks
(b) grass
(c) nature
Answer:
(c) nature

Question 28.
Some areas which are important for the protection and conservation of wild life are …………… for them.
(a) revered
(b) reserved
(c) protected
Answer:
(b) reserved

Question 29.
If the plants on the earth are destroyed the numbers of …………………….. also fall.
(a) humans
(b) trees
(c) animals
Answer:
(c) animals

Question 30.
If deforestation is stopped, and instead tree plantation is stepped up, animals that depend on plants will get protection and ……………………. .
(a) thrive
(b) threat
(c) deplete
Answer:
(a) thrive

Question 31.
………………… lake has formed due to a dam built on the Chand river in Satara district.
(a) Victoria
(b) Mayani
(c) Tulsi
Answer:
(b) Mayani

Question 32.
………………….. from the Siberia region in northern Asia migrate to this lake.
(a) Deer
(b) Bison
(c) Flamingos
Answer:
(c) Flamingos

Question 33.
Mayani lake has been declared a ………………… for birds.
(a) sanctuary
(b) conservatory
(c) threat
Answer:
(a) sanctuary

Question 34.
People believe that a Devrai is really a jungle reserved for ………………. .
(a) us
(b) god
(c) people
Answer:
(b) god

Question 35.
Devrais give ………………. not only to the plants but also to the animals that live there.
(a) shelter
(b) food
(c) clothing
Answer:
(a) shelter

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are True or False:

1. Pollution of water is a threat to aquatic plants and animals.
2. Nature provides enough for every man’s greed, but not for every man’s need.
3. The Maldhok is also called the Great Indian Bustard.
4. Marshy or low lying areas are filled to reclaim the land.
5. Man is also a part of nature.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False

Name the following:

Question 1.
Two National Parks.
Answer:
Kaziranga National Park and Tadoba National Park.

Question 2.
Lake built on the Chand river in Satara.
Answer:
Mayani.

Question 3.
Birds which migrate to Asia from Siberia.
Answer:
Flamingo.

Question 4.
The biggest Maldhok sanctuary in Asia.
Answer:
Nannaj in Solapur district

Question 5.
State known for Devrais.
Answer:
Maharashtra

Question 6.
Village famous for peacock population
Answer:
Morachi Chincholi

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is a biodiversity park?
Answer:
An area which is reserved for the purpose of protecting and conserving the biodiversity of a region is called a biodiversity park.

Question 2.
What are national parks?
Answer:
Some areas reserved for the protection and conservation of wildlife are called national parks.

Question 3.
What is a sanctuary?
Answer:
Certain forest areas are reserved for the protection and conservation of a particular animal or plant. It is called a sanctuary.

Question 4.
What are Devrai?
Answer:
In Indian culture, people believe that a jungle is reserved for god which is known as Devrai.

Question 5.
Which trees are commonly looked after for birds in Morachi Chincholi?
Answer:
Tamarind trees are commonly looked after for birds in Morachi Chincholi.

Question 6.
What is the population of the world?
Answer:
The population of the world is now close to six hundred crore.

Question 7.
Why is man using up more and more land and water resources?
Answer:
Man is developing new technology to meet the needs of all the people, so man is using more and more land and water resources.

Question 8.
What happens if forests are reduced?
Answer:
If forests are reduced, biodiversity is also depleted.

Question 9.
How do water sources get polluted?
Answer:
Water sources get polluted if waste water is let into them without processing.

Question 10.
What happen when water from polluted sources keep soaking into the soil?
Answer:
If water from polluted sources keep soaking into the soil, the soil become infertile.

Question 11.
What happens when the proportion of carbon dioxide in the air rises?
Answer:
When the proportion of carbon dioxide in the air rises, it leads to rise in temperature.

Question 12.
How is the environmental balance disturbed?
Answer:
If one factor of the environment is damaged, its relationships with other factors also get affected. Thus the environmental balance is disturbed.

Question 13.
What steps can be taken to prevent the degradation of the environment?
Answer:
We must use our means frugally and recycle used articles, if every person practices this sincerely then we can prevent degradation of the environment.

Question 14.
What happens when deforestation is stopped and tree plantation is stepped up?
Answer:
If deforestation is stopped and instead tree plantation is stepped up, animals that depend on plants will get protection and thrive.

Question 15.
How is the Mayani lake helpful to migratory birds?
Answer:
Mayani lake homes flamingos from Siberia who migrate to this lake. Here they build nests, lay eggs and when the baby bird grows big enough they return with them to Siberia.

Question 16.
What steps has the Maharashtra State government taken to protect the Great Indian Bustard?
Answer:
Maharashtra State has declared the Nannaj area a sanctuary for Great Indian Bustard thus helping them from extinction.

Question 17.
The environment is being degraded rapidly.
Answer:
(a) Man fulfil his needs by using materials from environment.
(b) All the people in the world have similar needs and desires.
(c) So, the environment is being degraded rapidly.

Question 18.
Flamingos have stopped coming to Mayani Lake.
Answer:
1. Flamingos used to migrate from Silbeia to Mayani lake to build their nests and lay eggs.
2. In the recent past, the water level in the dam has fallen.
3. Therefore, the flamingos have stopped coming to Mayani lake.

Question 19.
The Indian Bustard are the farmers’ friend.
Answer:

1. The Indian Bustard live in open grasslands.
2. They feed on insects thus giving protection to crops in fields.
3. Therefore, they are the farmers’ friend.

Answer briefly:

Question 1.
Give two causes of water pollution.
Answer:
The two causes of water pollution are as follows:
1. Waste water given out from factories are let into water bodies without processing.
2. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used in agriculture which seep into the soil and finally flow into rivers with rainwater.

Can you tell?

(A) With the help of the questions below, explain what would happen if forests are cleared on a large scale.

Question 1.
Will water and food sources for living things grow or dwindle? Why?
Answer:
If forests are cleared the amount of rain will become less and the amount of food required will dwindle.

Question 2.
Will the living things look for shelters elsewhere or stay on? Why?
Answer:
The living things will look for shelter elsewhere if forest is cleared because forest is their home.

Question 3.
Will the space occupied by the plants and animals increase or decrease? Why?
Answer:
The space occupied by the plants and animals will decrease because forest that is cleared will be used for other purpose.

Question 4.
Will the number of living things increase or decrease? Why?
Answer:
The number of living things will decrease because forest provides food, shelter and water.

(B)

Question 1.
What could be the reasons of air pollution?
Answer:
The reasons of air pollution are increasing use of vehicles and growth of industries.

Question 2.
What are the different purposes for which fuels such as petrol, diesel, kerosene, natural gas, coal and wood are used?
Answer:
Petrol and diesel are used in vehicles. Kerosene is used in stoves. Natural gas is used for cooking. Coal and wood are used for burning.

Question (C)
You see a food chain in the picture above. One of the links is missing. What effect will it have on the grasshopper? On the bird? What picture should there be in the blank space? If this living thing really died out, what would be the threat to the entire living worlds? Discuss your answers in the class.

Answer:
Grass is missing. If grass is not there then the number of grasshoppers will become less or even become extinct. Birds will not get enough food and become less or may even extinct.

Glossary:

1. biodiversity -variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat
2. deforestation – clearing/cutting of forests or trees.
3. depleted – reduced
4. frugally – sparingly
5. degradation – breaking down.
6. components – parts
7. intervention – interference
8. extinction – non-existence.
9. dwindle diminish gradually.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 4 Evolution Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 4 Evolution

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 4 Evolution Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blank.

Question a.
The first systematic explanation of the concept of evolution was given by ………………… .
Charles Darwin
Willard Libby
Louis Leakey
Answer:
The first systematic explanation of the concept of evolution was given by Charles Darwin.

Question b.
……………… are the most evolved animals among vertebrates
Aquatic animals
Amphibians
Mammals
Answer:
Mammals are the most evolved animals among vertebrates

2. Answer the question in one sentence.

What do we call animals which live in water and also on land?
Answer:
Amphibians live in water and also on land.

Where did the first humans appear?
Answer:
The first human appeared on the African continent.

3. Give reasons for the following:

Question a.
The species of dinosaurs, which were enormous in size, suddenly became extinct.
Answer:
The species of dinosaurs, which were enormous in size, suddenly became extinct, because –

1. According to Darwin, the species that cannot adapt to environmental changes become extinct in the process of evolution.
2. Some sudden natural disaster or environmental change is believed to be responsible for the extinction of enormous dinosaurs.

Question b.
In the course of time, a new species with characteristics different from the original species is created.
Answer:
In the process of survival by adapting to environmental changes, certain internal physical changes occur in some species of animals.
Over a period of time, these changes become inherited characteristics seen in all subsequent generations. Thus, in the course of time, a new species with characteristics different from the original species is created.

4. Fill in the blanks in the concept chart given below.

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks in the concept chart given below.

Answer:

Activity :

Question 1.
Make a model of a dinosaur.

Project :

Queston 1.
Collect pictures of invertebrates and vertebrates. Stick them in a notebook and write down their characteristics.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 4 Evolution Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks :

1. The word ……… generally means a gradual and continuous change.
2. In the process of survival by adapting to environmental changes, certain internal ……………. changes occur in some animals of a species.
3. Sometimes during evolution, the original species becomes ………..
4. During evolution, sometimes more than one species evolve from the ………….. species.
5. The first systematic explanation of the concept of evolution was given by …………
6. Species which are capable of adapting to environmental changes are able to …………
7. Species that cannot adapt to environmental changes become ………….
8. …………………… means a ‘terrible lizard’.
9. Some sudden natural………………….. is believed to be responsible for the extinction of Dinosaurs.
10. Fossils of dinosaurs with ………………… have been discovered
11. It is supposed that some species of two legged and winged dinosaurs evolved into …………..
12. The ……………………… organisms evolved gradually and various classes of plants and animals came into being.
13. Animals without a backbone are called ……………
14. Animals which have a backbone are called ……….
15. …………………….. are animals which live in water and also on land.
16. Animals which crawl are called ………………..
17. A mammals baby is …………………. on the mother’s milk for some time after birth.
18. The platypus and anteater are also considered as ……………
19. ………………… are somewhat like humans in appearance.
20. Apes mostly lived on ………….
21. Some ape species that evolved give rise to ………….. species.
22. The first human species is called the …………… man.
23. Primitive means ………………..

Answer:

1. evolution
2. physical
3. extinct
4. original
5. Charles Darwin
6. survive
7. extinct
8. Dinosaurs
9. disaster
10. wings
11. birds
12. multicellular
13. invertebrates
14. Vertebrates
15. Amphibians
16. Reptiles
17. fed
18. mammals
19. Apes
20. trees
21. human
22. primitive
23. the first

Match the columns :

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Charles Darwin	a. a gradual and continuous change
2. Evolution	b. means ‘terrible lizard’
3. Dinosaur	c. gradually evolved into plants and animals
4. Multicellular	d. explained the concept of evolution
5. Invertebrates	e. frogs
6. Aquatic	f. snake
7. Amphibians	g. cow
8. Reptiles	h. snails
9. Mammals	i. fish

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Charles Darwin	d. explained the concept of evolution
2. Evolution	a. a gradual and continuous change
3. Dinosaur	b. means ‘terrible lizard’
4. Multicellular	c. gradually evolved into plants and animals
5. Invertebrates	e. frogs
6. Aquatic	i. fish
7. Amphibians	e. frogs
8. Reptiles	f. snake
9. Mammals	g. cow

Answer each question in one sentence:

Question 1.
What does evolution mean?
Answer:
Evolution means a gradual and continuous change

Question 2.
What changes occur in some species, during the process of survival?
Answer:
In the process of survival, by adapting to environmental changes, certain internal physical changes occur in some animals of a species.

Question 3.
What happens to the internal changes over a period of time?
Answer:
Over a period of time, these internal changes become inherited characteristics seen in all generations.

Question 4.
When does an original species become extinct?
Answer:
During evolution, a new species with characteristics different from the original may be created. Sometimes the original species becomes extinct.

Question 5.
Name the scientist who explained the concept of evolution.
Answer:
The first scientist to give us a systematic explanation of the concept of evolution was Charles Darwin

Question 6.
Which species are able to survive?
Answer:
Species which are capable of adapting to environmental changes are able to survive.

Question 7.
Which species become extinct in the process of evolution?
Answer:
The species that cannot adapt to environmental changes become extinct in the process of evolution

Question 8.
What does dinosaur mean?
Answer:
Dinosaur means a ‘terrible lizard’.

Question 9.
How did the dinosaurs suddenly become extinct?
Answer:
Some sudden natural disaster or environmental change is believed to be responsible for the extinction of dinosaurs.

Question 10.
Why do we suppose that some species of dinosaurs have evolved into birds?
Answer:
Fossils of dinosaurs with wings have been discovered. Hence, it is supposed that some species of two-legged and winged dinosaurs evolved into birds.

Question 11.
How did plants and animals come into being?
Answer:
Unicellular organisms gave rise to multicellular organisms which in turn gradually evolved into various classes of plants and animals.

Question 12.
What are invertebrates?
Answer:
Animals without a backbone are called ‘invertebrates’. For example: a snail.

Question 13.
What are vertebrates?
Answer:
Animals which have a backbone are called vertebrates. For example: A cow

Question 14.
What do we call animals which live in water and also on land?
Answer:
Animals which live in water and also on land are called ‘Amphibians’. For example: Frog

Question 15.
What are Aquatic animals?
Answer:
Living organisms that live only in water are called ‘Aquatic animals’. For example Fish

Question 16.
What are Reptiles?
Answer:
Animals which crawl are called Reptiles. For example: Snake

Question 17.
Which species are the most evolved animals among vertebrates?
Answer:
Mammals are the most evolved animals among vertebrates.

Question 18.
Where do apes mostly live?
Answer:
Apes mostly lived on trees.

Question 19.
How did the Human species evolve?
Answer:
Some ape species found in grasslands were forced to move around on ground. These species evolved gradually and in time gave rise to human species.

Question 20.
What is the first human species called?
Answer:
The first human species is called the ‘primitive man’.

Question 21.
What does primitive mean?
Answer:
‘Primitive’ means ‘the first’.

Question 22.
Who are Apes?
Answer:
Apes are somewhat like humans in appearance.

Give reasons for the following :

Question 1.
In the course of time, a new species with characteristics different from the original species is created. Answer:

1. In the process of survival by adapting to environmental changes, certain physical changes occur in some animals of a species.
2. These internal changes become inherited characteristics in the following generations.
3. Thus a new species with characteristics different from the original is created.

Question 2.
A frog is an amphibian.
Answer:

1. Animals which are able to live in water and also on land are called amphibiAnswer:
2. Therefore a frog is considered an amphibian.

Question 3.
The platypus and some species of anteaters are considered mammals.
Answer:

1. Platypus and some species of anteaters are exceptions to the characteristics of mammals.
2. Though they lay eggs, they suckle their young ones.
3. Therefore, they are considered mammals.

Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
Explain the concept Evolution as stated by Charles Darwin.
Answer:

1. Charles Darwin explained ‘evolution’ in the following manner. In the process of survival by adapting to environmental changes, certain internal physical changes occur in some animals of a species.
2. Over a period of time, these internal changes become inherited characteristics of the following generation.
3. Thus a new evolved species with characteristics different from the original is created
4. Sometimes the original species become extinct.
5. Sometimes more than one species evolve from the original one.

Question 2.
Give the characteristics of mammals.
Answer:
The characteristics of most of the mammals are as follows:

1. Growth of the baby in the mother’s womb, sometime before birth.
2. The baby is fed on the mother’s milk for sometime after birth.

Question 3.
How and where did the human species evolve?
Answer:

1. Apes are somewhat like humans in appearance
2. They mostly lived on trees. Those species of apes which continued to live on trees retained their original ape like form.
3. Some ape species found in grasslands were forced to move on the ground.
4. These species evolved gradually, giving rise to the human species.
5. This happened first on the ‘African continent’.

Question 4.
How did various classes of plants and animals come into being?
Answer:

1. Life on earth began with unicellular organisms known as protozoa.
2. These unicellular organisms gave rise to multicellular living things.
3. Multicellular organisms evolved gradually and thus various classes of plants and animals came into being

Question 5.
How did birds form from dinosaurs?
Answer:

1. Dinosaurs became extinct because of some sudden natural disaster or environmental change
2. Fossils of dinosaurs with wings have been discovered
3. It is thus believed that some species of two legged and winged dinosaurs evolved into birds.

Question 6.
How many and which are the stages of evolution of animals?
Answer:
There are two stages of evolution of animals. They are:

1. Invertebrates: These are animals without a backbone.
2. Vertebrates: Animals which have a backbone are vertebrates. Aquatic animals, amphibians, birds, reptiles and mammals are all vertebrates.

Glossary :

1. gradual : taking place in stages over an extended period.
2. adapt : become adjusted to new conditions.
3. extinction : the process on state of becoming extinct.
4. species : group of living organisms
5. survival : the state or fact of surviving
6. inherited : receive or be left with something from predecessor

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 16 Water Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 16 Water

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 16 Water Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question 1.
Soil in the garden gets washed away with the water due to the slope of the land.
Answer:
Enough trees must be planted in the garden so that the roots of the trees will make a mesh underground holding the soil firmly, not allowing the soil to get washed away.

2. Use your brain power!

Question 1.
How should roads and footpaths be built to make rainwater seep into the ground?
Answer:
Use of paver stones to make roads or foot paths is a solution, as the rainwater will then be able to seep through the joints and percolate into the soil, instead of it flowing into the drains and getting wasted.

3. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question (a)
What conditions prevail during a famine?
Answer:

1. During a famine humans and animals suffer from scarcity of water.
2. As there is no water for agriculture, grain and fodder become scarce in the famine-stricken areas.
3. People living in these areas have to face a lot of hardship.
4. Animals and plants in these parts also suffer.

Question (b)
What works are undertaken to make water available even after the rainy season?
Answer:
Severals works are undertaken to make water available even after the rainy season like
1. Large dams are built.
2. Smaller reservoirs are built,
3. Contour bunding and constructing bunds on smaller streams.

Question (c)
Why is it necessary to stop rainwater?
Answer:
1. We get rain for only four months in a year. If rainwater is not stored, we will not have water for our daily needs after the rains.
2. So in order to meet the whole year’s need for water, rainwater must be stopped.

Question (d)
What is meant by water management?
Answer:
Taking steps to ensure that rainwater will be available even in the period after the rainy season is called water management.

4. True or False? Correct the wrong statements:

Question (a)
We get rainwater throughout the year.
Answer:
False. We get rainwater for only four months in a year.

Question (b)
During a famine, the government moves people and animals temporarily to safe places.
Answer:
True.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 16 Water Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
When other substances get mixed with water, it becomes ……………… .
(a) impure
(b) pure
(c) drinkable
Answer:
(a) impure

Question 2.
Some impurities …………………. in water.
(a) drown
(b) float
(c) mix
Answer:
(b) float

Question 3.
The substances that get mixed with the water are …………………. for living things.
(a) healthy
(b) pollutants
(c) harmful
Answer:
(c) harmful

Question 4.
Rivers, lakes are our ………………….. of water.
(a) clouds
(b) tanks
(c) sources
Answer:
(c) sources

Question 5.
The waste water of a city or town is collected and let into a water body at a ……………….. location.
(a) convenient
(b) busy
(c) inconvenient
Answer:
(a) convenient

Question 6.
Sewage water can carry microorganisms that spread ………………… .
(a) impurities
(b) disease
(c) pollution
Answer:
(b) disease

Question 7.
Waste water from industries is more likely to contain ………………. substances.
(a) poisonous
(b) non-poisonous
(c) mineral
Answer:
(a) poisonous

Question 8.
If all this waste water is let into water bodies as ………………. it is, the water bodies become
(a) impurities
(b) polluted
(c) convenient
Answer:
(b) polluted

Question 9.
Polluted water cannot be used for ……………………. or for any other purpose.
(a) washing
(b) exercise
(c) drinking
Answer:
(c) drinking

Question 10.
Sewage and other waste water of towns and cities is …………………… for purification before letting it into a water body.
(a) processed
(b) polluted
(c) progressed
Answer:
(a) processed

Question 11.
Flowing water of rivers gets purified to some extent by …………………. processes also.
(a) artificial
(b) natural
(c) chemical
Answer:
(b) natural

Question 12.
Before water is supplied to a town or city, it is …………………… .
(a) polluted
(b) solidified
(c) purified
Answer:
(c) purified

Question 13.
Places where it does not rain for a long time experience a …………………. .
(a) flood
(b) drought
(c) tsunami
Answer:
(b) drought

Question 14.
Humans and animals ……………….. from scarcity of water.
(a) suffer
(b) enjoy
(c) relax
Answer:
(a) suffer

Question 15.
Grain and fodder become ………………… during a famine.
(a) abundant
(b) scarce
(c) available
Answer:
(b) scarce

Question 16.
People living in drought have to face a lot of …………………. .
(a) hardship
(b) friendship
(c) warship
Answer:
(a) hardship

Question 17.
Fodder camps are set up in famine-stricken areas to take care of …………………. animals.
(a) wild
(b) milch
(c) domestic
Answer:
(c) domestic

Question 18.
…………………. brings us water again and again.
(a) wells
(b) rain
(c) taps
Answer:
(b) rain

Question 19.
We get rain for only ……………… months in a year.
(a) six
(b) ten
(c) four
Answer:
(c) four

Question 20.
If rainwater is not …………………. we will not have water for our daily needs after the rains.
(a) stored
(b) scare
(c) evaporated
Answer:
(a) stored

Question 21.
When rainwater is stopped, it …………….. into the soil.
(a) percolates
(b) evaporates
(c) precipitates
Answer:
(a) percolates

Question 22.
As the ground water storage increase, …………………. get water.
(a) animals
(b) trees
(c) rocks
Answer:
(b) trees

Question 23.
Rainwater falling on roofs of houses in drained into large ………………. placed beside the building.
(a) boxes
(b) canals
(c) tanks
Answer:
(c) tanks

Question 24.
Taking steps to ensure that rainwater will be available even in the period after the rainy season is called …………………. management.
(a) time
(b) health
(c) water
Answer:
(c) water

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Where is the waste water of a city or town let out?
Answer:
The waste water of a city or town is collected and let into a water body at a convenient location.

Question 2.
What does sewage water carry?
Answer:
Sewage water carries microorganisms that spread diseases.

Question 3.
Which water contains poisonous substances?
Answer:
Waste water from industries is more likely to contain poisonous substances.

Question 4.
Why is it compulsory for factory owners to treat the water before letting it out?
Answer:
If this waste water is let into water bodies as it is then the water bodies become polluted and that is dangerous. That is why it is compulsory for factory owners to treat the water before letting it out.

Question 5.
What is a threat to aquatic living things?
Answer:
If large quantities of impurities get mixed with river water, the proportion of oxygen dissolved in the water is reduced and this is a threat to aquatic living things.

Question 6.
Why is it important to read the information when we buy a bottle of drinking water?
Answer:
The date of bottling and the period for which the water can be safely used is printed on the bottle. Therefore, it is important to read the information when we buy a bottle of drinking water.

Question 7.
Why should empty drinking water bottles be crushed and thrown into a garbage bin?
Answer:
We must crush and throw the empty drinking water bottles into a bin, so that it cannot be reused.

Question 8.
What is a famine?
Answer:
A famine is a natural disaster, where the affected area does not receive any rain, so land get dry and there is no water for humans, animals as well as agriculture.

Question 9.
How does the government help in increasing the groundwater storage level?
Answer:
When it is not possible to build large dams then people and government come together to build smaller reservoirs, contour bunding, constructing bunds on smaller streams or dig wells in river beds to increase the groundwater storage level.

Question 10.
How is rainwater from roof tops saved?
Answer:
Rainwater from roof tops is drained into large tanks placed besides the building thus saving rain water.

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
How does the government help famine-stricken areas?
Answer:
1. The government temporarily moves people and animals from famine-stricken areas to safe places where they can be provided with water foodgrain and fodder.
2. Fodder camps are set up to take care of domestic animals.

Question 2.
What happens when rainwater percolates into the soil?
Answer:
1. When the rain water percolates into the soil, the ground water storage level increases.
2. Trees get water.
3. Wells too get enough water and land can be cultivated.

Can you tell?

Question (A)
List the substances that are mixed in the waste water drained out of the kitchen and bathroom in your house.
Answer:
Shampoo, soap, washing detergents, waste food particles, oil and grease from washed utensils, dirt and grime from soiled colthes.

Water Works:

Question 1.
What source of water is used for public water supply system?
Answer:
Rainwater collected in reservoirs and lakes is used for public water supply system. Water from lakes like Tansa, Tulsi and Vihar supply water to Mumbai city.

Question 2.
What processes are used to make the water clean, transparent and germ-free?
Answer:
Filtration, purification, chlorination

Question 3.
In what order are these processes carried out?
Answer:
Settling – Oxygenating – Filtration – Chlorination.

Question 4.
What is done to rid the water of bad smells?
Answer:
Alum is used in water to get rid of the bad odour.

Question (B)
If at some place, it did not rain for a very long time, what would be its effect on the life of the people there?
Answer:
Due to scarcity of water there will be drought – like condition.
The people and animals will die of thirst and hunger.
Plants and farms will wither and die therefore no food will be available. This will lead to famine.

Can you recall?

Question 1.
When happens when a spoonful of sugar, sawdust and soil are added to a glass of water?
Answer:
1. When sugar is added it dissolves in water.
2. When sawdust is added it does not dissolve instead it floats in water.
3. When soil is added the stones simply sink to the bottom of the glass and the soil dissolves the water making it muddy.

Question 2.
Which are the three states of water.
Answer:
1. Liquid state
2. Solid-state
3. Gaseous state.

Question 3.
What is done to make drinking water clean and safe?
Answer:
At homes, the tap water is filtered and boiled to purify it for drinking.

Glossary:

1. percolates – filter gradually through a porous surface.
2. scarcity – being in short supply
3. fodder – food for cattle
4. scarce – insufficient
5. sewage – wastewater.
6. prevail – prove more powerful
7. grime – dirt ingrained on the surface of something
8. soiled – made dirty
9. transparent – clear, see-through
10. wither – become dry and shrivelled
11. mesh – an interlaced structure
12. seep – flow or leak slowly

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 17 Clothes – Our Necessity Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 17 Clothes – Our Necessity

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 17 Clothes – Our Necessity Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write the names of those objects in the list below that you would like to own.

Question 1.
Write the names of those objects in the list below that you would like to own.

1. Water bottle
2. Ball
3. Marbles
4. Laptop
5. Flower pot
6. Mobile phone
7. Bicycle
8. Scooter
9. Photoframe
10. Tiffin box

Which of these objects will you use yourself?

2. Make a note of the clothes you would choose to wear on a ‘traditional day’.

3. The names of some States are given in the table below. Write the names of the fabric or garments they are famous for.

State	Fabric/Garment
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Punjab
Odisha
West Bengal
Karnataka

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 17 Clothes – Our Necessity Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
Wanting clothes and really ………………. them are different things.
(a) needing
(b) kneading
(c) threading
Answer:
(a) needing

Question 2.
Wanting things when we do not need them is simply ……………….., not necessity.
(a) need
(b) greed
(c) desire
Answer:
(c) desire

Question 3.
The diversity in clothes is a part of the in our country.
(a) varsity
(b) diversity
(c) city
Answer:
(b) diversity

Question 4.
During the evolution of man, his ……………… went through many changes.
(a) clothes
(b) body
(c) hairstyle
Answer:
(b) body

Question 5.
We see a variety in the ………………… used by man through the ages.
(a) clothes
(b) utensils
(c) roads
Answer:
(a) clothes

Question 6.
After man began to hunt, he wore the ………………… of animals he had killed.
(a) bones
(b) skins
(c) horns
Answer:
(b) skins

Question 7.
…………………. has given us enough to fulfill everyone’s needs.
(a) Trees
(b) Rocks
(c) Nature
Answer:
(c) Nature

Question 8.
Man must give priority to his ………………….. and not desires.
(a) needs
(b) clothing
(c) fashion
Answer:
(a) needs

Question 9.
……………….. was famous worldwide for its textile mills.
(a) Chennai
(b) Delhi
(c) Mumbai
Answer:
(c) Mumbai

Question 10.
……………… became an important hub for financial activity in India.
(a) Goa
(b) Bangalore
(c) Mumbai
Answer:
(c) Mumbai

Question 11.
The clothes worn in different regions of the country are different depending on the local …………. .
(a) climate
(b) job
(c) trends
Answer:
(a) climate

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Under what conditions can attraction to clothes turn to greed.
Answer:
When we are attracted towards the clothes shown in advertisements on TV or hoardings, this attraction can turn to greed.

Question 2.
Name some sarees from different parts of India.
Answer:
Lucknow chikan, Kashmir silk, Benarasi silk, Kadiyal, Pitambari, Pochampalli, Narayanpet, Kanjivaram, Patola and Mysore silk are some types of sarees from different parts of India.

Question 3.
Why have a variety of fabrics and costumes come into use?
Answer:
A variety of fabrics and costumes have come into use due to the diverse climatic conditions in different parts of the country.

Question 4.
How have these fabrics and costumes become available in all places?
Answer:
Due to better transport facilities, these fabrics and costumes have become available in all places.

Question 5.
When can nature take care of us?
Answer:
When man gives priority to his needs and not desires, only then will nature be able to take care of us all.

Question 6.
Why did Mumbai become a big centre for textile?
Answer:
The humid weather facilitated the manufacture of long thread for making cloth. That is why, Mumbai became a big centre for textile.

Question 7.
How did Mumbai become an important hub for financial activity in India?
Answer:
The flourishing cloth industry attracted workers from all over the country who came and settled here. From then on, Mumbai became an important hub for financial activity in India.

Question 8.
Why are clothes worn in different regions of the country different?
Answer:
The clothes worn in different regions of the country are different depending on the local climate.

Answer the following in brief:

Question 1.
List some of the textile specialties of Maharashtra.
Answer:
The examples of the textiles that are the specialties of Maharashtra are:

1. The Paithani of Paithan.
2. Yeola, Himroo shawls of Aurangabad.
3. Bedsheets and bed spreads from Solapur.
4. Handloom and powerloom cloth from Ichalkaranji.

Question 2.
On evolving, why did man feel the need for clothes?
Answer:

1. During the evolution of man, his body went through many changes.
2. One of the prominent changes was the reduction in the amount of body hair.
3. As a result, he began to need protection from the elements in certain weather conditions.
4. Thus arose the need for clothes.

Question 3.
Showcase the variety in the clothing used by man through the ages.
Answer:
1. In prehistoric times, man did not find the need to wear clothes. Later he began using the bark and leaves of trees.
2. After that he began to hunt and used the skins of animals that he killed.
3. Later he learnt to make yam from materials like cotton, wool.
4. From then on he began to use cotton cloth in a variety of ways.

Try this:

Question 1.
Visit people in your surroundings who often take shelter at places like railway or bus stations, brick kilns open grounds etc. Discuss the following points with them and make notes.

Question 1.
What is the total number of clothes they have?
Answer:
One pair which is worn and probably another pair if someone has been charitable to them.

Question 2.
What do they wear in summer?
Answer:
They do not have a choice, as they wear whatever is given to them, no matter the fit or how oversized it is.

Question 3.
What kind of clothes do they wear in winter?
Answer:
They wear layers of clothes one top of another just to ward off the winter as they cannot afford woollens nor have much shelter.

Question 4.
What clothes do they use during the monsoon season?
Answer:
They wear the same clothes that are available to them and mostly they cover themselves with a plastic sheet to protect themselves from rain.

Question 4.
What do they wear to functions and festivities?
Answer:
They do not get a chance to visit any function nor can they afford any festivities. If at all they go to any functions, they go as labourers or maids. So, they wear their daily clothes.

Question 5.
How many times a day do they change their clothes?
Answer:
Only once when they bathe, that too if they get water.

Question 6.
What did you realise from the activity above?
Answer:
I realise that I have too many clothes than I really require.

During a visit to textile industry obtain information about the following points:

Question 1.
What industry is this?
Answer:
Cottage industry/ smaH scale industry

Question 2.
What is the product of this industry?
Answer:
They are producing cloth.

Question 3.
What raw material is used to produce this fabric?
Answer:
Cotton bales and yams of thread is used to produce this fabric.

Question 4.
From where does this raw material come?
Answer:
From the farms in the nearby areas.

Question 5.
In what form is the raw material obtained?
Answer:
The raw material is obtained in the form of cotton.

Question 6.
Where is the finished product sent for sale?
Answer:
The finished product is sent to local and retail shops.

Question 7.
In which season are these textiles mainly used?
Answer:
These textiles are mainly used in monsoon and winter i.e. when the climate is humid.

Question 8.
What kinds of workers are needed for this industry?
Answer:
People with little or no education, but highly skilled to do their job.

Question 9.
Where do these workers come from?
Answer:
These workers come from remote villages in search of job in cities or from areas nearby the industry.

Question 10.
In what way have centres of textile industry changed since the olden days?
Answer:
Early days they had machines run by man power. Nowadays, every machine is run on electric power and production is swift and efficient.

Question 11.
What problems are encountered in this industry?
Answer:
It is difficult to get skilled labourers who will work honestly for long hours for a very miserable salary.

3. To find out more about the different varieties of clothes, visit a clothes market with your parents. Discuss the points given below, with the people there and make notes.

Question 1.
Look at the variety of clothes and make a list of their names.
Answer:
Salwar Kameez, saree, trousers, jeans, T-shirts, formar and informal shirts, dresses, skirts, tops, shorts etc.

Question 2.
Which of these are meant only for children, for adults or for aged people?
Answer:
For children – Shorts, skirts, tops, t-shirts, jeans
For adults – Trousers, shirts, jeans, tops, sarees etc.
For aged people – Sarees, salwar kurta, dhoti, shirts etc.

Question 3.
Find out about the various types of sarees.
Answer:
Lucknow chikan, Kashmir silk, Benarasi silk, Kadiyal, Pitambari, Pochampalli, Narayanpet, Kanjivaram, Patola, Mysore silk etc.

Question 4.
Note down the names of places famous for their sarees.
Answer:
Paithan, Lucknow, Benaras, Kashmir, Kamatak etc.

Talk to the elderly people in your family or locality to obtain this information.

Question 1.
What clothes did they wear during their childhood? Make a list of the clothes they name.
Answer:
Frock for girls and shorts and shirt for boys.

Question 2.
Take the list to a cloth/garment shop and see which of these clothes in your list are available there.
Answer:
It will be available in very few shops.

Question 3.
Find out which of the clothes are not worn any more.
Answer:
Half saree, Pawdaa, Lungi, Dhoti, Lugda etc.

Question 4.
Find out the places where these clothes used to come from.
Answer:
These clothes come from different states of India.

Question 5.
Find out why these clothes went out of use.
Answer:
People in urban areas mostly wear western clothes so they do not find these clothes trendy any more.

Glossary:

1. hub – the effective centre of an activity.
2. facilitated – made easy or easier
3. kilns – furnaces or ovens for making bricks.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 3 Life on Earth Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 3 Life on Earth

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 3 Life on Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following question in one sentence.

Question a.
What instrument do we need to see a unicellular organism?
Answer:
We need a microscope to see a unicellular organism.

Question b.
Where did the protozoa appear first?
Answer:
The protozoa appeared first in water.

2. Answer the following in brief.

Question a.
How were the sun and the planets in our solar system created?
Answer:

1. Around 4-5 million years ago, an enormous cloud of very hot gases and dust was spinning at a great speed in space.
2. Its circular motion and great speed caused its division into several portions.
3. This splitting created the sun and the planets in our solar system.

Question b.
Write any two characteristics of animals.
Answer:

1. Animals move to find food and for other purposes.
2. Some species of animals lay eggs and their young ones are born out of the egg; whereas animals of some
3. other species give birth to their young ones.

3. Find the names of the planets in the box below.

Question 1.

Answer:

1. Mercury
2. Jupiter
3. Venus
4. Mars
5. Saturn
6. Neptune
7. Earth
8. Uranus

4. Arrange the events given below in chronological order.

Question 1.
Arrange the events given below in chronological order.
(a) Water bodies appeared on the earth’s surface.
(b) The sun and the planets revolving around it were created.
(c) Protozoa appeared in water.
(d) An enormous cloud of hot gases and dust was formed in space.
Answer:
(a) An enormous cloud of hot gases and dust formed in space.
(b) The sun and the planets were formed.
(c) Water bodies appeared on the earth’s surface.
(d) Protozoa appeared in water

Activity :

Question 1.
Make a model of the solar system using balls of different sizes.

Project :

Question 1.
Visit a zoo or make a list of animals which are seen in your neighbourhood and note their characteristics.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 3 Life on Earth Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

1. An enormous’ cloud of very hot gases and dust spinning at a great speed was formed in ………… .
2. The cloud’s circular motion and great speed caused it to divide into several portions, creating the …………………. and ……………..
3. ………. and …………….. are planets.
4. The ………. is the only planet where life is known to exist
5. After the creation of the earth, it took about ………. years for its surface to cool down and for water bodies to be formed on it.
6. It is believed that various kinds of unicellular? organisms or living things, first appeared in …………. .
7. Unicellular organisms are known as ……….
8. Gradually, ……………….. living things developed from these unicellular ones.
9. Protozoa can only be seen through a ………..
10. The living world on the Earth consists of ………. and ………
11. Animals ………………… in order to get food or for other purpose.
12. Animals of some species lay eggs. Their young ones are born out of …………………
13. Some species, a mother gives ……………… to the young ones.
14. The protozoa are so ………….. that they cannot be seen with the naked eye.
15. Animals of some ………….. lay eggs.
16. Various kinds of .. ………… organisms first appeared in water.

Answer:

1. space
2. Sun, planets
3. Mercury, Venus
4. Earth
5. 80 crore
6. Water
7. Protozoa
8. Multi cellular
9. Microscope
10. Plants, animals
11. Move
12. Eggs
13. Birth
14. Tiny
15. Species
16. Unicellular

Answer each question in one sentence :

Question 1.
When did the formation of the earth begin?
Answer:
On the basis of scientific research, it is believed that the formation of earth came into being around 4.5 billion years ago.

Question 2.
On the onset of creation, what was first formed?
Answer:
An enormous cloud of very hot gases and dust spinning at a great speed was formed in space.

Question 3.
How were the sun and planets formed?
Answer:
The circular motion of the great cloud caused it to divide into several portions thus creating the sun and planets.

Question 4.
Name the planets in our solar system.
Answer:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the planets in our solar system.

Question 5.
What forms the solar system?
Answer:
The sun and planets which revolve around the sun forms the solar system.

Question 6.
Which is the only planet where life is known to exist?
Answer:
The Earth is the only planet where life is known to exist

Question 7.
How many years did it take for the surface of the Earth to get cooled?
Answer:
After the creation of the Earth, it took about 80 crore years for its surface to cool down and for water bodies to be formed on it.

Question 8.
What kind of living organisms appeared first? What are they known as?
Answer:
Various kinds of unicellular organisms or living things first appeared in water, they are known as ‘Protozoa’.

Question 9.
When did the multicellular living organisms appear?
Answer:
After the creation of unicellular organisms in water, gradually, multicellular living organisms developed from the unicellular ones.

Question 10.
State the main characteristics of animals in which young ones are born.
Answer:
Animals of some species lay eggs and their young ones are bom out of an egg. While in some other species, a mother gives birth to their young ones.

Question 11.
Which planets revolve around the sun?
Answer:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the planets that revolve around the sun.

Question 15.
How many years ago was the cloud formed in space?
Answer:
The cloud was formed in space about 4-5 billion years ago

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
How did life develop on Earth? Or What was the origin of life on earth?
Answer:

1. After the creation of the Earth, it took about 80 crore years for its surface to cool down and for water bodies to be formed on it.
2. Various kinds of unicellular organisms known as protozoa, first appeared in water.
3. Gradually, multicellular living things developed from these unicellular ones.
4. Thus, life developed on Earth.

Glossary :

1. enormous : very large
2. unicellular : consisting of one cell
3. organism : an individual animal, plant or single-called life form

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 2 History and the Concept of ‘Time’ Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 2 History and the Concept of ‘Time’

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 2 History and the Concept of ‘Time’ Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blank.

Question a.
The calendar we use today is based on the ______________.
Answer:
The calendar that we use today is based on the Common Era/Christian Era..

Question b.
The period before the Common Era is known as the time ____________.
Answer:
The period before Common Era or Christian Era is known as the Before Christ (BC).

2. Answer the question in one sentence.

Question a.
which scientific methods are used to estimate the age of the layers of soil and the remains found in them?
Answer:
Carbon-14 analysis and Tree-rings analysis are the scientific methods used to estima~e age of the layers of soil and the remains found in them

Question b.
How is the first century of the Common Era written?
Answer:
The first century of the Common Era is written as 1-100 AD.

3. Answer the following question in brief.

Question a.
What is meant by the unilinear division of time?
Answer:

1. Seven days make a week; two weeks make a fortnight and four weeks make a month.
2. Twelve months make a year, a hundred years make a century and ten centuries make a millennium.
3. This method of dividing time is known as the unilinear division of time.

Question b.
What are the units of measuring time?
Answer:

1. A second is the smallest unit of measuring time. Sixty seconds make a minute and sixty minutes make an hour.
2. Twenty-four hours make a day; seven days make a week and two weeks make a fortnight.
3. Four weeks (two fortnights) make a month and twelve months make a year.
4. One hundred years make a century and ten centuries make a millennium.

4. Complete the chart given below.

Question 1.
Complete the chart given below.

Answer:

Activity :

Question 1.
Prepare a monthly plan for yourself on the lines of the one given below.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 2 History and the Concept of ‘Time’ Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

1. There are different methods of …………. time.
2. Time is ……………
3. We divide time into …………. .
4. We divide the day into two parts, and …………. .
5. Our earth rotates around its ………….. with a certain speed
6. Our Earth …………….. round the sun.
7. The sun has its own ………….
8. We receive ……….. from the sun.
9. The earth takes ………………….. hours to complete one rotation around its own axis.
10. A period of daytime and following night together make one …………. .
11. Seven days from Monday to Sunday make one ………….
12. Two weeks make a ……………….
13. Four weeks make a ……….
14. Twelve months make a …………..
15. One year is followed by another and, when hundred years go by, a ………….. completed.
16. When ten centuries, i.e. 1000 years are gone, a ………………… is completed.
17. In history books also, a chain of events that follow one after the other is presented in a … and ……………. manner.
18. ………. means in the year of Our Lord.
19. The Christian or Common Era began in the memory of ………….
20. The first century of this era is written as …….. CE or AD.
21. The period of the first millennium of this era is written as ……………. CE or AD.
22. The years of this period are counted and written in …………………. order.
23. The first century before the Common Era is indicated as ……………. BCE.
24. The first millennium before the Common Era is indicated as …………………. BCE.
25. The life time of Vardhaman Mahavir is written as ………….
26. The lifetime of Gautam Buddha is written as ………….
27. Measuring time is to measure the …………… of time.
28. Second, day, month, century, are some of the …………. of measuring time.
29. ………………. is the smallest unit of time.
30. It is an age-old custom to start a new to commemoratel a special event.
31. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj started a new era known as ………………….. in 1674 to commemorate his coronation.
32. ………………… and ……………. are two eras that are used in India.
33. The founder of Islam ……………….. migrated from Mecca to Madina.
34. The ………………….. era was started to commemorate prophet Muhammad’s migration.
35. The past is the subject matter of ………….
36. The period of history goes back to the time of the birth of our ……………….. system.
37. Our solar system came into being about ………………… billion years ago.
38. Our earth isa. ………. in the solar system.
39. The earth was also formed …………. billion years ago
40. History is divided into two main periods and ………….
41. The …………………….. period is the period for which no written records are available.
42. The period for which written records are available from which history can be written is known as the …………. period.
43. There are various methods of …………. .
44. There are many layers of ………….. deposited one above the other under the surface of the ground.
45. A rough estimate of how many years ago they existed can certainly be made using ……………. methods.
46. ………………. analysis and …….. analysis are known as dating techniques.
47. …………. is a science that tells us about events that happened in the past.

Answer:

1. reckoning
2. continuous
3. period
4. day, night
5. axis
6. revolves
7. light
8. light
9. 24
10. day
11. week
12. fortnight
13. months
14. year
15. century
16. millennium
17. linear, serial
18. Anno Domini
19. Jesus Christ
20. 1-100
21. 1-1000
22. reverse
23. 100-1
24. 1000-1
25. 599 BC-527BC
26. 563 BC – 483 BC
27. length
28. units
29. second
30. era
31. Rajyabhishek Shaka
32. Shalivahan Shaka, Vikram Samvat
33. Prophet Muhammad
34. Hijri
35. history
36. solar
37. 4.5
38. Planet
39. 4.5
40. Prehistoric, historic
41. prehistoric
42. historic
43. measuring
44. soil
45. scientific
46. Carbon14 analysis, tree-rings analysis
47. History

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Vardhaman Mahavir	a. 563BC-483BC
2. Sunrise to sunset	b. Smallest unit of time
3. Gautam Buddha	c. Day
4. Sunset to sunrise	d. One year
5. Second	e. 599BC-527BC
6. 100 years	f. Night
7. 12 months	g. A year
8. 1000 years	h. A week
9. Seven days	i. A century
10. Two weeks	j. A fortnight
11. Christian Era	k. A millennium
12. Rajyabhishek Shaka	l. Prophet Muhammad
13. Hijri Era	m. Jesus Christ
14. Shahenshahi Era	n. Parsi Community
15. Parsi Community	o. Chhatrapati Shivaji
16. Indian’s Era	p. Hijri Era
17. Muhammad migrate	q. Shahenshahi Era
	r. Rajyabhishek Shaka
	s. Vikram Samvat

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Vardhaman Mahavir	e. 599BC-527BC
2. Sunrise to sunset	c. Day
3. Gautam Buddha	a. 563BC-483BC
4. Sunset to sunrise	f. Night
5. Second	b. Smallest unit of time
6. 100 years	i. A century
7. 12 months	g. A year
8. 1000 years	k. A millennium
9. Seven days	h. A week
10. Two weeks	j. A fortnight
11. Christian Era	m. Jesus Christ
12. Rajyabhishek Shaka	o. Chhatrapati Shivaji
13. Hijri Era	l. Prophet Muhammad
14. Shahenshahi Era	n. Parsi Community
15. Parsi Community	q. Shahenshahi Era
16. Indian’s Era	s. Vikram Samvat
17. Muhammad migrate	p. Hijri Era

Answer each question in one sentence:

Question 1.
How is the day divided?
Answer:
The day is divided into two parts – day and night.

Question 2.
What are the two movements of the Earth?
Answer:
The two movements of the earth are rotation and revolution.

Question 3.
What is rotation?
Answer:
The movement of the earth around its own axis at a certain speed is called the rotation of the earth.

Question 4.
What is revolution?
Answer:
The movement of the earth around the sun is called ‘revolution of the earth’.

Question 5.
What is one day?
Answer:
The period of day time and the following night together makes one day.

Question 6.
What makes one week?
Answer:
Seven days, Monday to Sunday make one week

Question 7.
What is a fortnight?
Answer:
2 weeks or 14 days make a fortnight.

Question 8.
What makes a month?
Answer:
Four weeks or 30/31 days make a month.

Question 9.
What makes a year?
Answer:
Twelve months make a year.

Question 10.
How is a century completed?
Answer:
One year followed by another year and when 100 years go by, a century is completed.

Question 11.
What is a millennium?
Answer:
When ten centuries, i.e. 1000 years have gone by, a millennium is completed.

Question 12.
What is unilinear division of time?
Answer:
The method of dividing time into day, week, month, year, century and millennium is known as unilinear division of time.

Question 13.
What is Christian Era?
Answer:
This era began in memory of Jesus Christ and so this era is called as Christian Era.

Question 14.
What is common Era?
Answer:
The calendar we use today is based on the Christian era. Since it is commonly followed all over the world, now it is called as ‘Common Era’.

Question 15.
How is the first century of Common Era written?
Answer:
The first 100 years, i.e., the first century of this era is written as years 1 – 100 CE or 1 – 100 AD.

Question 16.
How is the first millennium written?
Answer:
The period of the first millennium of this era is written as, 1 – 1000 CE or 1 – 1000 AD.

Question 17.
What is BCE or BC?
Answer:
The period before the common era is known as the time “Before Common Era (BCE)” or
“Before Christ (BC)”.

Question 18.
How are the years recorded in the BCE or BC period?
Answer:
The years of this period are counted and also written in reverse order.

Question 19.
How is the first century of ‘Before the Common Era period’ written?
Answer:
The first century before the Common Era is indicated as 100 – 1 BC.

Question 20.
How is the first millennium of ‘Before the Common Era period’ written?
Answer:
The first millennium Before the Common Era is indicated as 1000 – 1 BCE.

Question 21.
How is the life time of Vardhaman Mahavir written?
Answer:
The life time of Vardhaman Mahavir is written as 599 BC – 527 BC.

Question 22.
How is the life time of Gautam Buddha written?
Answer:
The life time of Gautam Buddha is written as 563 BC – 483 BC.

Question 23.
Name the units of measuring time.
Answer:
Second, minute, hour, day, week, fortnight, month, year, century and millennium are units of measuring time.

Question 24.
Which is the smallest unit of measuring time?
Answer:
The second is the smallest unit of measuring time.

Question 25.
Which is the most common method of measuring time in different parts of the world?
Answer:
The Common Era or the Christian Era is the most common method of measuring time in different parts of the world.

Question 26.
How is a date written?
Answer:
The date consists of the serial number of that day followed by the name or serial number of the current month and then serial number of the current year.

Question 27.
When does a new era generally commence?
Answer:
It is an age-old custom to start a new era to commemorate a special event.

Question 28.
Which era was started by Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj started a new era or shaka known as ‘Rajyabhishek Shaka’ in 1674 to commemorate his coronation

Question 29.
Which two eras are used in India?
Answer:
Shalivahan Shaka’ and ‘Vikram Samvat’ are two eras that are used in India.

Question 30.
Who is Prophet Muhammad?
Answer:
Prophet Muhammad is the founder of Islam.

Question 31.
When did Prophet Muhammad start an era?
Answer:
Prophet Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Medina, so, the ‘Hijri Era’ was started to commemorate this event.

Question 32.
Which era is used by the Parsi community in India?
Answer:
The Parsi community in India uses the “Shahenshahi Era”.

Question 33.
What makes up the subject matter of History?
Answer:
The past makes up the subject matter of History

Question 34.
When did our solar system come into being?
Answer:
Our solar system came into being about 4.5 billion years ago

Question 35.
How long ago was our earth formed?
Answer:
Our Earth is a planet in the solar system, so it is presumed that the earth was also formed 4.5 billion years ago.

Question 36.
Which two main periods is the time in History divided?
Answer:
The time in history is divided into two main periods: Pre-historic and Historic period.

Question 37.
What is Pre-historic period?
Answer:
The Pre-historic period is the period for which no written records are available.

Question 38.
What is Historic period?
Answer:
The period for which written records are available from which history is written is known as Historic period’.

Question 39.
What is years before the common era?
Answer:
The events before the beginning of the common era are mentioned as having occurred a certain number of years before the common era.

Question 40.
What are evidences?
Answer:
Evidence is usually in the form of man-made artifacts and fallen structures.

Question 41.
How can we determine the time of the events that took place thousands of years ago?
Answer:
With the help of artifacts and also using scientific methods we can determine the time of the events that took place thousands of years ago.

Give reasons for the following :

Question 1.
Time is divided into periods.
Answer:
i. There are different methods of reckoning time
ii. Time is continuous, but for our convenience we divide time into periods.

Question 2.
The Christian era is also known as the common era.
Answer:

1. The calendar we use today is based on the Christian era.
2. This era is most widespread and commonly used all over the world.
3. Therefore this era is now called the Common era.

Question 3.
Time in history is divided into two main periods.
Answer:

1. The span of 4.5 billion years, since the earth’s formation is a vast period of time.
2. It is not easy to grasp this entire period all at оnсе.
3. It is necessary to divide it into a number of stages in order to understand it better.
4. Therefore, Time in history is divided into two main periods, i.e. Pre-historic and Historic period.

Question 4.
The earth receives continuous light from the sun, but then too we see light only in day time and nights are dark.
Answer:

1. Due to the earth’s rotation around its own axis, only a part of the earth’s surface faces the sun.
2. It is only this part of the surface that becomes bright
3. The part that is not facing the sun remains dark.
4. Therefore we see light only in daytime even though the earth receives continuous light from the sun.

Question 5.
When we measure time, we actually measure its length.
Answer:

1. There are various methods of measuring time.
2. These methods allow us to identify a particular day, month or year with respect to an earlier or later day, month or year.
3. Thus, when we measure time, we actually measure its length.

Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
How are days and nights formed?
Answer:

1. The earth receives light from the sun.
2. As the earth rotates around its axis, that part of the surface which turns towards the sun becomes bright i.e. day.
3. The part that moves away has darkness i.e. night thus days and nights are formed.

Question 2.
What is the unilinear division of time?
Answer:

1. Seven days from Monday to Sunday, make one week.
2. Two weeks make a fortnight.
3. Four weeks make a month.
4. Twelve months make a year.
5. One year is followed by another and, when 100 years go by, we have a century.
6. When 10 centuries, ie. 1000 years are gone, a millennium is completed.
7. Such a method of dividing time is known as a unilinear division of time.

Question 3.
Explain time before the common or Christian era.
Answer:

1. The period of time before the common era is known as the time before Common Era (BCE) or Before Christ (BC).
2. The years of this period are counted and written in reverse order.
3. The first century before the common era began at the year 100 BCE and ended with 1 BCE.
4. It is written as 100-1 BCE.

Question 4.
How do we measure the length of time?
Answer:

1. There are various methods of measuring time.
2. These methods allow us to identify a particular day, month, a year with respect to an earlier or later day, month or year.
3. For example, if it is June, then we know that the earlier month was May and the next one will be July.
4. If today is 10th of June, then we can tell that tomorrow will be 11th of June and yesterday was 9th of June.
5. Thus, when we measure time we actually measure its length.

Question 5.
How are dating techniques used?
Answer:

1. By using dating techniques we learn how old the layers of soil and the remains found in them are.
2. Then we can put approximate dates to their occurrence?
3. For example, if an earthen pot is estimated to be five thousand years old with the help of dating techniques, we can say that the earthen pot dates back roughly to 3000 BC
4. Then we can conclude that the period of the culture to which the pot belongs must be around 3000 BC.

Question 6.
What is meant by Prehistoric period?
Answer:

1. ‘Prehistory’ means ‘before history’.
2. The prehistoric period is the period for which no written records are available.
3. The history of this period has not been written down.

Question 7.
What is meant by Historic period?
Answer:

1. Unlike the Prehistoric period, we can trace the events and progress of the historic period.
2. The historic period is the period for which written records are available.
3. We can use these written records to write history.

Glossary :

1. commemorate : remember and show respect for.
2. estimate : roughly calculate or judge the value.
3. unilinear : developing in a steady way.
4. coronation : the ceremony of crowning the ruler.
5. reckoning : the action of calculating
6. widespread : spread among a large o number or over a large area
7. occurrence : an incident or an event

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