Category: Class 7

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र Textbook Questions and Answers

1. खालील प्रश्नांची एक-दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न अ.
विदयार्थ्यांनी अभयारण्यात सहलीला जाण्याचा हट्ट का धरला?
उत्तर:
जानेवारी महिन्यात विज्ञान केंद्रातर्फे शाळेत पक्ष्यांसंबंधीची चित्रफीत दाखवली होती. ती पाहून विद्यार्थ्यांनी अभयारण्यात सहलीला जाण्याचा हट्ट धरला.

प्रश्न आ.
अभयारण्यातून फिरताना सरांनी विद्यार्थ्यांना माळढोक पक्ष्याबद्दल काय सांगितले?
उत्तर:
अभयारण्यातून फिरत असताना सरांनी विद्यार्थ्यांना सांगितले की, ‘भारतातून नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असलेल्या माळढोक या अत्यंत देखण्या पक्ष्याला वाचवण्यासाठी वनविभागानं हे अभयारण्य घोषित केललं आहे.’

चर्चा करा. सांगा.

• पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे, याविषयी पालकांसोबत चर्चा करा.
• पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढवण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय करू शकता, याविषयी मित्रांसोबत चर्चा करून यादी तयार करा.

माहिती मिळवूया.

माहिती घेण्यासाठी किंवा देण्यासाठी अनेक साधने वापरली जातात. खाली माहिती देवाणघेवाण करण्याची/संवादाची काही साधने दिली आहेत. त्यांतील काही साधने एकतर्फी व काही साधने दुतर्फी माहितीची/संवादाची देवाणघेवाण करतात. त्यांची माहिती मिळवा व दिलेल्या तक्त्यात वर्गीकरण करा.
फॅक्स, पत्र, ई-मेल, मोबाइल, आंतरजाल, रेडिओ, वर्तमानपत्र, मोबाइल संदेश, चर्चा, मुलाखत, जाहिरात, भाषण, संभाषण.

उपक्रम:
तुम्ही भेट दिलेल्या एखादया पर्यटनस्थळाचे वर्णन करणारे पत्र मित्राला/मैत्रिणीला लिहा.

शब्दकोडे सोडवूया.

खालील चौकोनांतील अक्षरांमध्ये क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये लपलेली आहेत. उभ्या,आडव्यावतिरप्या पद्धतीने अक्षरे घेऊन क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये बनवावदिलेल्या जागेत लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
खालील चौकोनांतील अक्षरांमध्ये क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये लपलेली आहेत. उभ्या,आडव्यावतिरप्या पद्धतीने अक्षरे घेऊन क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये बनवावदिलेल्या जागेत लिहा.

उत्तर:
हळू, काही, आज, तिकडे, थोडासा, मोजके, तसा, वर, जरा, खाली, अनेक, तर.

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र Important Additional Questions and Answers

एक किंवा दोन शब्दांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

1. दादाला पत्र लिहणारी – …………………….
2. सहल कुठे गेली होती? …………………….
3. भारतात नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असलेला पक्षी – …………………….
4. माळढोक पक्षी कोणाचा मित्र आहे? …………………….
5. माळढोक पक्षी वर्षातून किती वेळा अंडी घालतो? …………………….
6. माळढोक पक्ष्यांबरोबर पाहिलेले पक्षी – …………………….
7. पक्ष्यांचे फोटो काढण्यापूर्वी कोणाची पूर्वपरवानगी घ्यावी लागते – …………………….
8. संतुलित’ पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक कोणाला म्हटले आहे – …………………….
9. अभयारण्यातून फिरताना बहिणीला कोणाची खूप आठवण आली? …………………….

उत्तरः

1. आयेशा
2. माळढोक अभयारण्यात
3. माळढोक
4. शेतकऱ्याचा
5. वर्षातून एकदाच
6. चंडोल, माळटिटवी
7. वनखात्याची
8. पक्ष्यांना
9. दादाची

शब्दसमूहाबद्दल एक शब्द लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

1. खूप जण मिळून एकत्र फिरायला जाणे
2. पडक्यावर एकामागोमाग एक दाखविलेले चित्र
3. पशू-पक्षी सुरक्षिततेसाठी असलेली जागा
4. फोटो काढण्यासाठी वापरण्यात येणारे साधन
5. मनातील भावनांना, विचारांना लेखी उद्गार देणारे साधन

उत्तरः

1. सहल
2. चित्रफीत
3. अभयारण्य
4. कॅमेरा
5. पत्र

खालील प्रश्नांची एक-दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
‘माळढोक पक्ष्याला शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र असे का म्हटले आहे?
उत्तर:
माळढोक पक्ष्याला शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र असे म्हटले आहे, कारण शेतातील किड्यांवर तो गुजराण करतो. त्यामुळे शेतातील किडे कमी होऊन पिकांचे त्यांपासून रक्षण होते.

प्रश्न 2.
माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी का होत आहे?
उत्तर:
माळढोक पक्षी वर्षातून एकदाच अंडी घालतो. शिवाय त्यांची अंडी जमिनीवर असल्याने इतर प्राणी ती तुडवून जातात, त्यामुळे माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी होत आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
सरांनी पक्ष्यांबद्दल सांगितलेली कोणती गोष्ट मुलांना पटली?
उत्तर:
सरांनी पक्ष्यांबद्दल सांगितले की, “पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे. प्रदूषण टाळण्यात, ङ्केवियांचं वाहन करण्यात त्यांची प्रमुख भूमिका असते.’

प्रश्न 4.
अभयारण्यातून फिरताना बहिणीला सर्वांत जास्त कोणाची आठवण आली व का?
उत्तर:
अभयारण्यातून फिरताना बहिणीला सर्वांत जास्त दादाची आठवण आली कारण दादालाही पक्षी खूप आवडत.

आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 1.
माळढोक अभयारण्यात पाहिलेले पक्षी
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
पक्ष्यांची या गोष्टीत प्रमुख भूमिका असते
उत्तरः

पुढील उतारा वाचून सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती 1 : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा..
उत्तरः

प्रश्न 2.
रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
1. माळढोक पक्ष्यांबरोबरच आम्ही चंडोल, …………… तसेच इतर पक्षीही पाहिले.
2. पक्ष्यांचे फोटो काढण्यापूर्वी ………… पूर्वपरवानगी घ्यावी.
उत्तर:
1. माळटिटवी
2. वनखात्याची

कृती 2 : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
उत्तरे लिहा.
1. भारतातून नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असलेला पक्षी – [ ]
2. माळढोक पक्ष्यांबरोबरच पाहिलेले इतर पक्षी – [ ]
उत्तर:
1. माळढोक
2. चंडोल, माळटिटवी

प्रश्न 2.
खालील प्रश्नांची एका वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न i.
माळढोक अभयारण्य कोणत्या मार्गावर वसले आहे?
उत्तर:
माळढोक अभयारण्य सोलापूर-बार्शी मार्गावर वसले आहे

प्रश्न ii.
माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी कधी होते?
उत्तर:
इतर प्राण्यांनी माळढोक पक्ष्यांची अंडी तुडवल्यास माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी होते.

कृती 3 : व्याकरण कृती

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थी शब्द लिहा.
(i) सुंदर (ii) खग (iii) जंगल (iv) सखा
उत्तर:
(i) देखणी (ii) पक्षी (iii) वन (iv) मित्र

प्रश्न 2.
वचन बदला.
(i) वन (ii) गाव (iii) किडे (iv) पक्षी
उत्तर:
(i) वने (ii) गावे (iii) किडा (iv) पक्षी

प्रश्न 3.
खालील वाक्ये लेखननियमांनुसार लिहा.

प्रश्न i.
सहलिच्या दिवसी आम्ही पहाटेच निघालो.
उत्तर:
सहलीच्या दिवशी आम्ही पहाटेच निघालो.

प्रश्न ii.
माळढोक पक्षी शेतकरयाचा मीत्र आहे.
उत्तर:
माळढोक पक्षी शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र आहे.

कृती 4 : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे, याविषयी तुमचे मत लिहा.
उत्तर:
निसर्ग हा सजीव व निर्जीव घटकांनी बनला आहे. यातील ङ्केप्रत्येक पटकांचा आकार, रंग, गुण हे वैशिष्टयपूर्ण असतात. पक्षीसुद्धा निसर्गाच्या या अविभाज्य घटकांपैकीच एक आहेत. निसर्गाच्या अन्नसाखळीत ते कुणाचे तरी भक्ष्य बनत असतात तर कुणाचे तरी ते भक्षक बनत असतात. अन्नसाखळीतील त्यांच्या या भूमिकेमुळे पर्यावरणाचा समतोल साधला जातो.

प्रश्न 2.
पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय करू शकता, याबद्दलची तुमची भूमिका स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तर:
आजकाल निसर्गातील अनपेक्षित व अनिष्ट बदलांचा परिणाम प्राणीजीवनाबरोबरच पक्ष्यांवरही होताना दिसतो. दिवसेंदिवस वाढणारी उष्णता व त्याच वेगाने निर्माण होणारी पाण्याची कमतरता यांमुळे पक्षांचे जीवन संकटात सापडले आहे. त्यांच्या वेगवेगळ्या प्रजातींची संख्या वाढवण्यासाठी शासकीय पातळीवर पक्षी अभयारण्ये उभारण्यासाठी जनजागृती मोहीम हाती घेऊ, तसेच मनुष्यवस्ती असलेल्या भागांत त्यांच्या दाणापाण्याची व्यवस्था करू.

त्याचबरोबर पक्ष्यांचे जीवन सुसहर होण्यासाठी वृक्षलागवडीसारखे उपक्रम हाती घेऊ. एवढेच नाही तर ज्या प्रजाती नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर आहेत अशा प्रजातींचे रक्षण करण्यासाठी शासकीय स्तरावर त्यांच्या शिकारीस व हत्येस प्रतिबंध करू.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास

खालील शब्दांचे विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तरः

1. मित्र × शत्रू
2. संतुलित × असंतुलित
3. काल × आज
4. देखणा × कुरूप

प्रश्न 2.
खालील वाक्यांतील नाम, सर्वनाम, विशेषण, क्रियापद ओळखा.
1. इतका देखणा पक्षी मी यापूर्वी कधीही बघितला नव्हता.
2. अभयारण्यातून फिरताना मला तुझी खूप आठवण आली
उत्तर:

नाम	सर्वनाम	विशेषण	क्रियापद
1.  पक्षी	मी	देखणा	नव्हता
2. अभयारण्य	मला, तुझी	खूप	आली

प्रश्न 3.
खालील वाक्प्रचारांचा वाक्यात उपयोग करा.
उत्तर:
1. घोषित करणे – क्रिकेटच्या संघाचा संघप्रमुख म्हणून माझे नाव घोषित करण्यात आले.
2. निरखून बघणे – मी झाडावरील पक्ष्याला त्याचे घरटे बांधताना निरखून बघत होतो.

शब्दकोडे सोडवूया.

खालील चौकोनांतील अक्षरांमध्ये क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये लपलेली आहेत. उभ्या,आडव्यावतिरप्या पद्धतीने अक्षरे घेऊन क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये बनवावदिलेल्या जागेत लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तरः
एकदा, मजेशीर, तेथून, लगबगीने, मुळीच, तसाच, जरा, मागे, आता, पुढे.

खालील वाक्ये शुद्ध करून लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
दादा, आम्ही हा माळढोक पक्षी जवळुन नीरखून बघीतला.
उत्तर:
दादा आम्ही ह्य माळढोक पक्षी जवळून निरखून बघितला.
उदा.

1. जाता-येता
2. चार-पाच
3. कधी-कधी

खालील वाक्यांत संयोग चिन्हाचा वापर करा. उदा.

प्रश्न 1.
कोणतीही गोष्ट कष्टाशिवाय साध्य होत नाही. विदयार्थांनी देखील अभ्यास करताना या कष्टाचा पाठपुरावा’ करावा रोज दोन तीन तास वाचन करावे.
उत्तरः
कोणतीही गोष्ट कष्टाशिवाय साध्य होत नाही. विदयार्थ्यां नी देखील अभ्यास करताना या कष्टाचा पाठपुरावा करावा. रोज दोन-तीन तास वाचन करावे.

लेखन विभाग

प्रश्न 1.
माहिती घेण्यासाठी किंवा देण्यासाठी अनेक साधने वापरली जातात. खाली माहिती देवाणघेवाण करण्याची । संवादाची काही साधने दिली आहेत. त्यातील काही साधने एकतर्फी व काही साधने दुतर्फी माहितीची / संवादाची देवाणघेवाण करतात, त्यांची माहिती मिळवा व दिलेल्या तक्त्यात वर्गीकरण करा.
फॅक्स, पत्र, ई-मेल, मोबाइल, आंतरजाल, रेडिओ, वर्तमानपत्र, मोबाइल संदेश, चर्चा, मुलाखत, जाहिरात, भाषण, संभाषण.
उत्तर:

एकतर्फी माहीतीची/ संवादाची साधने	दुतर्फी माहितीची संवादाची साधने
फॅक्स, पत्र, आंतरजाल, रेडिओ, वर्तमानपत्र, जाहिरात, भाषण	ई-मेल, मोबाइल, मोबाइल संदेश, चर्चा, मुलाखत, संभाषण

प्रश्न 2.
चर्चा करा, सांगा व लिहा.
उत्तर:
पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे, या विषयी पालकांसोबत चर्चा करा.

• आई : राधिका त्या चिमणीसाठी भांड्यात थोडे पाणी ठेव पाहू.
• राधिका : मी नाही.
• आई : राधिका या उन्हाळ्याच्या दिवसात माणसांप्रमाणे पक्ष्यांनाही खूप तहान लागते.
• राधिका : मला का सांगते? ती का माझी मैत्रिण आहे?
• आई : राधिका, पक्षी हे आपल्यासाठी खूप महत्त्वाचे असतात.
• राधिका : सांग पाहू कसे ते?
• आई : पक्षी आपण टाकून दिलेल्या फळांच्या बिया खातात, व त्यांच्या विष्ठेतून त्या बाहेर पडतात. त्यातूनच काही बिया रूजतात व झाडे उगवतात.
• राधिका : खरचं आई?
• आई : होय! जंगलात झाडे लावायला आपण जातो का?
• राधिका : नाही?
• आई : ती सर्व झाडे पक्ष्यांमुळेच उगवतात. आपल्या आजूबाजूला जी बडा-पिंपळाची झाडे दिसतात ना, ती ही तशाच प्रकारे उगवली आहेत.
• राधिका : आई, तू म्हणतेस ते अगदी बरोबर आहे. अजून पक्षी कोणते काम करतात?
• आई : पक्षी मेलेले उंदीर किंवा इतर नको असलेला कचरा किंवा छोट्या किटकांना खातात. त्यामुळे आपला परिसर स्वच्छ राहतो व पर्यावरण संतुलित राहायला मदत होते.
• राधिका : आई मी माझ्या मित्रमैत्रिणींना सुद्धा पक्ष्यांची काळजी घ्यायला सांगेन.

प्रश्न 3.
पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढवण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय करू शकता, या विषयी मित्रांसोबत चर्चा करून यादी तयार करा.
उत्तर:
सुवर्णा : अरे राज, तू चिमणी पाहिली आहेस का?
राज : दोन-तीन वर्षांपूर्वी मी एक चिमणी पाहिली होती, पण हल्ली चिमण्या कुठेच दिसत नाहीत.
सुवर्णा : याचे काय कारण आहे हे तुला माहीत आहे का?
राज : नाही
सुवर्णा : थांब मी तुला सांगते. आपल्या सर्व मित्र मैत्रिणींना पण तू बोलव! (सर्व मित्र मैत्रिणी एकत्र येतात.) आपल्याला सर्वांना पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढविण्यासाठी काय करता येईल. यावर चर्चा करावयाची आहे. तर मग सांगा पाहू. (एकेक जण सांगू लागतात.) (1) आपण सर्वांत प्रथम झाडांची संख्या वाढवली पाहिजे. (2) पक्ष्यांसाठी पाण्याची सोय केली पाहिजे. (3) त्यांची घरटी सुरक्षित राहतील याकडे लक्ष दिले पाहिजे. (4) काहीजण पक्ष्यांची अंडी दुष्टपणे फोडून टाकतात ती वाचवली पाहिजेत.

(5) पक्ष्यांसाठी कृत्रिम घरे तयार करायला पाहिजेत. (6) पक्षी ओल्या कचऱ्याबरोबर कधीतरी प्लॅस्टिक पण खातात. यासाठी ओला व सुका कचरा वेगळा केला पाहिजे. (7) पक्षी झाडांकडे आकर्षित होतील अशा हिरव्यागार झाडांची संख्या वाढविली पाहिजे. (8) पक्ष्याना त्रास होणार नाही यासाठी मोठमोठ्या ध्वनिक्षेपकांचा आवाज टाळला पाहिजे. (9) फटाके उडविताना त्यांचा मोठा आवाज होतो त्यामुळे पक्षी घाबरतात, यासाठी आवाजविरहीत फटाके वाजविले पाहिजेत. (10) पक्ष्यांसाठी अन्नधान्य शेतात व इतर ठिकाणी राखून ठेवले पाहिजे.

प्रश्न 4.
तुम्ही भेट दिलेल्या एखाद्या पर्यटन स्थळाचे वर्णन करणारे पत्र मित्राला : मैत्रिणीला लिहा.
उत्तर:
॥श्री ।।

अ.ब. क.
सुयश अपार्टमेंट,
गांधी मार्ग, मधली आळी,
पनवेल 400805
दि.10 जुन 2018

प्रिय मित्र सुनिल यास,
सप्रेम नमस्कार तुझे पत्र मिळाले. यावेळी मे महिन्यात आई बाबांबरोबर मी महाबळेश्वरला गेलो होतो. त्यामुळे तुला पत्र लिहू शकलो नाही.

महाबळेश्वर हे उत्तम पर्यटन स्थळ आहे. अरे तिथले वातावरण तर खूपच सुंदर आहे. आम्ही तिचे सनसेट पॉईंटला गेलो होतो. तिथे इतका जोराचा वारा येतो की मला क्षणभर वाटले की मी ही वाऱ्याबरोबर उडून जातो की काय?

तसेच तेथे घोड्यावर रपेटही मारली. बोटींग केले. शेतातून काढलेली ताजी टवटवीत स्ट्रॉबेरीही आम्हांला खायला मिळाली.

तेथील बाजारात किती तरी हस्तकौशल्याच्या वस्तूही बघायला मिळाल्या. तेथील निसर्गरम्य वातावरणातून परत येण्याची इच्छाच होत नव्हती; पण काय करणार यावेच लागले. माझा अभ्यास व्यवस्थित सुरू आहे. तुझी खुशाली वरचेवर कळव.

तूबै एकदा महाबळेश्वरला जाऊन ये. तुझ्या आई बाबांना माझा शि. सा. नमस्कार. बाकी सर्व ठीक आहे.

तुझा मित्र.
अ. ब. क.

दादास पत्र Summary in Marathi

पाठ परिचय :

पत्र हे दोन व्यक्ती/संस्था यांच्यामधील वैचारिक, भावनिक देवाणघेवाण, संबंध आणि संवाद प्रस्थापित करणारे प्रभावी माध्यम आहे. मनातील भावनांना, विचारांना वाट करून देणारे ते साधन. संगणकाच्या व मोबाइलच्या जगात पत्र लिहिणे माणसे विसरूनच गेली आहेत. ‘दादास पत्र’ या पाठात बहिणीने आपल्या भावाला पत्राद्वारे सहलीला केलेल्या गमती व खुशाली कळविली आहे.

A letter is a strong medium of communication between two people or institutions to share ideologies, emotions, relationships and dialogues. It gives way to express one’s emotions or thoughts. In the world of computers and mobiles, people have forgotten to write letters. In ‘Dadas Patra’, a sister has written about her cherished memories of a picnic to her brother through a letter.

शब्दार्थ :

1. सहल – पर्यटन, फेरफटका – a picnic
2. चित्रफीत – सिनेमा – acinema/film
3. हट्ट – कळकळीची विनवणी – insistence
4. देखण्या – मोहक, सुंदर – charming
5. तुडवणे – पायाखाली चिरडणे – to crush under feet
6. पूर्व परवानगी – आगाऊ अनुमती, – prior permission
7. संमती संतुलित – समतोल – balance
8. पर्यावरण – अवतीभवतीची सजीव-निर्जीव सृष्टी – environment
9. प्रदूषण – अशुद्धता – pollution
10. पटणे – खात्री होणे – to be convinced
11. अविस्मरणीय – न विसरण्यासारखे – unforgettable
12. खुशाली – निरोगी व सुखी स्थिती – health and happiness
13. संतुलित – संतुलन राखलेले (Balanced)
14. अविभाज्य – विभागले न जाणारे (Integral)
15. वनविभाग (वनखाते) – अरण्यांची देखभाल करणारे खाते (forest department)
16. वहन – वाहून नेण्याची क्रिया (carrying)
17. पाठपुरवठा करणे – सतत मागे रहाणे/लागणे (persuance)
18. एकतर्फी – एका बाजूने (one way)
19. दुतर्फी – दोन्ही बाजूने (both way)
20. ध्वनिक्षेपक – speakers

वाक्प्रचार :

1. नष्ट होणे – नाहीसा होणे
2. घोषित करणे – जाहीर करणे
3. गुजराण करणे – निर्वाह करणे
4. निरखून पाहणे – बारकाईने निरीक्षण करणे

टिपा :

• चंडोल पक्षी – चिमणीसारखा दिसणारा हा पक्षी फार सुंदर गातो. त्यांची पिसे तपकिरी, राखाडी, वाळूसारखी काळी व पांढरी अशा विविध रंगाची असतात. मोकळ्या मैदानात व चराऊ गवताळ प्रदेशात त्यांचे वास्तव्य आढळते.
• माळटिटवी पक्षी – तितराइतका आकार असणाऱ्या या पक्ष्याचे पाय लांब तर पोट पांढरे व डोळे काळे असते. यास पिवळ्या गाठीची टिटवी असे म्हणतात. पडीक शेतीचा प्रदेश व धान्याची कापलेली शेते याठिकाणी हे पक्षी वास्तव्य करतात.
• माळढोक अभयारण्य – ‘जवाहरलाल नेहरू माळढोक अभयारण्य’ या नावाने ओळखल्या जाणाऱ्या या अभयारण्याची स्थापना सन 1979 मध्ये झाली. हे महाराष्ट्रातील आकारमानाने सर्वात मोठे अभयारण्य आहे. सोलापूर व नगर जिल्ह्यातील मोठ्या भूभागावर हे वसलेले आहे. याचे क्षेत्रफळ 8496 चौ.कि.मी. इतके आहे.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.1 Under the Greenwood Tree Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.1 Under the Greenwood Tree

Class 7 English Chapter 4.1 Under the Greenwood Tree Textbook Questions and Answers

1. From the poem, find the old word used for each of the following.

Question a.
towards, here, does
Answer:
hither, hither, doth

2. Write in your own words.

Question a.
Who does the poet invite to join him?
Answer:
The poet invites all those people who love nature and are ready to shun their ambitions and appreciate life in nature, to join him.

Question b.
How should that person sing?
Answer:
That person should sing happily just like a free bird.

Question c.
What message does the poem convey?
Answer:
The message conveyed through this poem is that if one wants to live a peaceful life without tensions, enemies and problems, he should spend his life in nature, wherein he would be happy and relaxed. He should forget all his desires and rejoice in the glory of nature like a free bird.

3. Pick out the lines that mean.

Question a.
Sing in such a manner
Answer:
turn his merry note

Question b.
One who wishes to join me
Answer:
who loves to lie with me

Question c.
Who gives up his desire for wealth, power, fame, etc.
Answer:
who doth ambition shun

Question d.
Life in the forest is free from ill-wishers.
Answer:
here shall he see no enemy

Question e.
Happy to eat whatever he can get.
Answer:
seeking the food he eats, and pleased with what he gets

4. Find from the Internet and write down.

Question a.
In which century did William Shakespeare write his famous plays ?
Answer:
William Shakespeare wrote his plays in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century.

Question b.
From which play is this song extracted ?
Answer:
This song is extracted from William Shakespeare’s comedy play ‘As You Like It’.

Question c.
Which character from the play sings this song?
Answer:
The song is sung by ‘Amiens’, a loyal courtier of Duke Senior.

5. Be a poet. Try to complete the following poem with words that rhyme with each other.

Question a.

Answer:
I’d love to live a life that’s free,
Relax under a shady tree,
And fall into a dreamy sleep,
With no strict hours, forced to keep And sing aloud a merry song,
Untrodden paths, as I walk along.
You ask me what I’d get to eat?
Fruits and nuts and berries sweet You ask me with whom I’d get to play Birds and animals, happy and gay And if a woodcutter put a chop Firmly, I would put a stop So that’s the life I’d like too to lead Free from worries, free from greed

Class 7 English Chapter 4.1 Under the Greenwood Tree Additional Important Questions and Answers

Reading Skills and Poetic Device.

Simple Factual Questions:

Under The Greenwood Tree Poem Questions Answers  Question 1.
State whether the following statement true or false.
1. The only enemy in the forest would be the winter and rough weather.
2. People who do not persue their ambition would be happy to live in nature.
Answer:
1. True
2. True.

Poetic Device.

Under The Greenwood Tree Poem Question Answers Class 7 Question 1.
Pick out the rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:

1. tree – me
2. note – throat
3. see – enemy
4. hither – weather

Under The Greenwood Tree Question Answers Question 2.
Give the rhyme scheme for the 1st four lines.
Answer:
Tire rhyme scheme for the 1st four lines is aabb.

Under The Greenwood Tree Poem Question Answers Question 3.
Come hither, come hither. (Name the figure of speech of the above line)
Answer:
Tire figure of speech is Repetition. The words ‘come hither’ has been repeated for better poetic effect.

Do as directed.

4.1 Under The Greenwood Tree Question 1.
Give the rhyme scheme for the last four lines.
Answer:
The rhyme scheme for the last four lines is abba.

Under The Greenwood Tree Question Answer Question 2.
Who doth ambition shun. (Name the figure of speech)
Answer:
Inversion – The words are not in proper order for better poetic effect. The proper order is ‘Who doth shun ambition’.

Under The Greenwood Tree Poem Question 3.
Here shall he see No enemy. (Figure of speech)
Answer:
Inversion – The words are not in proper order. The proper order is ‘Here he shall see no enemy’.

Under the Greenwood Tree Summary in English

Through the poem Shakespeare invites people to join him in enjoying the merry singing of the birds in the trees. There are no enemies there to be disturbed about except the vagaries of extreme cold and rough weather. They can be happy eating what they get enjoying the sunshine and giving up lofty ambitions.

Introduction:

This poem has been taken from William Shakespeare’s play ‘As you like it.’ Amiens, a courtier sings the song ‘under the Greenwood Tree’ in the play.

Glossary:

1. greenwood (n) – forest filled with trees full of green leaves
2. merry (adj) – jolly and full of high spirits
3. note (n) – a musical sound; a tone (musical)
4. hither (adv) – come here; over here
5. ambition (n) – desire to achieve something
6. shun (v) – to avoid
7. seeking (v) – searching; looking for
8. pleased (adj) – happy; content

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

Class 7 English Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the poem aloud with proper rhythm. What does the rhythm remind you of?

From A Railway Carriage Exercises Class 7 Question 1.
Read the poem aloud with proper rhythm. What does the rhythm remind you of?

2. Find pairs of rhyming words from the poem.

From A Railway Carriage Questions And Answers For Class 7 Question 1.
Find pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:
witches – ditches, battle – cattle, plain – rain – again, eye – by, scrambles – brambles, gazes – daisies, road – load, river – ever.

3. Write the following: 

2.1 From A Railway Carriage Question Answer Question 1.
The sights seen through a railway carriage mentioned in the first stanza.
Answer:
The sights seen through a railway carriage mentioned in the first stanza are bridges, houses, hedges, ditches, horses and cattle in the meadows.

2.1 From A Railway Carriage Question 2.
The sights mentioned in the second stanza.
Answer:
The sights seen in the second stanza are hills, plains and painted stations.

From A Railway Carriage Poem Question 3.
The sights mentioned in the third stanza.
Answer:
The sights mentioned in the third stanza are a child clambering and scrambling to gather brambles, a tramp gazing at the train in wonder and green creepers for stringing the daisies.

4. Think and answer:

From A Railway Carriage Questions And Answers For Class 7 Question 1.
Why are the sights said to ‘fly’?
Answer:
The sights are said to ‘fly’ because the poet is sitting in a fast-moving train and all the beautiful scenes he gets to see as glimpses just rush past him and disappear because of the speed of the train.

From A Railway Carriage Question Answer Question 2.
Does the last line make you happy or sad? Why?
Answer:
The last line ‘and gone forever’ makes me feel sad because all the pleasure and happiness got from enjoying the beauty of nature comes to an end and disappears forever as the railway carriage speeds ahead.

5. List the lines that begin with ‘Here’ or ‘And here’.
Also list the sentences or phrases that begin with ‘And there’.
These phrases and sentences tell us about things that appear one after the other as the carriage moves. Can we tell which ones are closer to the train and which ones are at a distance? How?

From A Railway Carriage Questions And Answers Question 1.
List the lines that begin with ‘Here’ or ‘And there’.
Also list the sentences or phrases that begin with ‘And there’.
Answer:
The lines that begin with ‘Here’ or ‘And here’. ‘Here’ is an adverb which suggests ‘closeness’ of an object.

1. Here is a child.
2. Here is a tramp.
3. Here is a cart.
4. Here is a mill.

The above phrases show closeness to the train. ‘There’ is an adverb which suggests ‘distance’ of an object.

• And there is the green.
• And there is a river.

The above phrases show distance from the train.

6. Read the following:

From A Railway Carriage Exercises Question 1.
Read the following:
Charging along like troops in a battle
Fly as thick as driving rain
Using your imagination, write one or two comparisons each with:
i. like…, ii. as… as
Answer:
i. like…

1. This house looks like a castle.
2. Her cheeks are red like a rose.
3. He runs like a horse.
4. The child chattered like a magpie.

ii. as… as

1. He is as smart as a fox.
2. He is as big as an elephant.
3. He is as funny as a monkey.
4. Our soldiers are as brave as lions.

7. Write about the sights you may see from a bus or an aeroplane.
You may write it in the form of a short poem.

From A Railway Carriage Question And Answer Question 1.
Write the sights you may see from a bus or an aeroplane.
Answer:
The Red Bus
I’m out sightseeing in the red bus
With people around making a lot of fuss
I know I’m going to see wonderful sights
That’ll soar me to the heights
The greenery
The scenery
Oh! The wonderful luxury
Of travelling in the red, red bus.

Class 7 English Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

From A Railway Carriage Questions And Answers For Class 7 Question 1.
What is the speed of the railway carriage compared to?
Answer:
The speed of the railway carriage is compared to the speed of fairies and witches.

From A Railway Carriage Poem In English Question 2.
Why is the child clambering and scrambling?
Answer:
The child is clambering and scrambling to collect brambles.

From A Railway Carriage Question 3.
What does the rhythm of the poem remind you of?
Answer:
The rhythm of the poem reminds me of the rhythm of the train.

From A Railway Carriage Exercises Class 7 Question 4.
Have you travelled during a rainy day? What was your experience?
Answer:
Yes, I have travelled during the rainy season. Travelling on a rainy day is an awesome experience. You actually come in contact with nature’s beauty. The smell of the wet earth, the greenery, the colourful flowers, the waterfalls, etc. We get to see nature at its best.

Reading Skills and Poetic Device

Read the following extract and do the activities.

From A Railway Carriage Answers Class 7 Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram with words from the extract.
Answer:

Question
What flies as thick as driving rain?
(Choose the right alternative)
i. Bridges and houses.
ii. Hill and plain.
iii. Hedges and ditches.
Answer:
ii. Hill and plain.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
How do the sights of the hills and plains move?
Answer:
The sights of the hills and plains move as thick as driving rain.

Question 2.
What does the poet see the child doing?
Answer:
The poet sees the child clambering and scrambling and gathering brambles all by himself.

Question 3.
To what is the charging train compared?
Answer:
The charging train is compared to troops in a battle.

Poetic Device:

Question 1.
Pick out two pairs of rhyming words from the 1st stanza.
Answer:
witches – ditches, battle – cattle.

Question 2.
Name the figure of speech for the following line.
“Faster than fairies, faster than witches”
Answer:

• Repetition: The word ‘faster’ is repeated for poetic effect, or
• Antithesis: The opposite words ‘fairies’ and ‘witches’ are used in the same line for better poetic effect.

Question 3.
Pick out a word from the extract which means ‘a woman having evil magical powers’.
Answer:
Witch.

From a Railway Carriage Summary in English

‘From a Railway Carriage’ written by R. L. Stevenson describes the scenes he sees through the window of a fast moving train. He is so amazed at the speed of the train and tries to grasp every glimpse he sees because they are out of sight the very next moment. The train moves with such great speed that everything he sees seems to be moving.

Introduction:

‘From a Railway Carriage’ written by Robert Louis Stevenson is a poem in which he shares his experience of a railway journey with us.

Glossary:

1. fairy (n) – a small imaginary being of the human form that has magical powers, especially good ones
2. witch (n) – a woman thought to have magical powers especially evil ones
3. hedge (n) – a fence or boundary formed by closely growing bushes or shrubs
4. ditch (n) – a narrow channel dug at the side of a road or field, to hold or carry away water
5. meadow (n) – a piece of grassland, especially one used for hay
6. clamber (v) – climb or move in an awkward and laborious way, using both hands and feet
7. scramble (v) – make one’s way quickly over rough ground by using one’s hands as well as feet
8. tramp (n) – a person who travels from one place to another on foot in search of work, a homeless person
9. lumping (v) – carry a heavy load somewhere with difficulty
10. glimpse (n) – quick look, (v) – to catch sight of briefly
11. bramble (v) – any rough, wild tangled prickly shrub, specifically the blackberry bush
12. carriage (n) – a passenger train
13. cart (n) – a horse-drawn vehicle with four wheels, used for transportation
14. cattle (n) – domesticated animals like cow and bull
15. gaze (v) – to look at something for a long time
16. mill (n) – a building with a machine to grind grain into flour
17. plain (n) – flat land having trees and grass
18. sights (n)- things that one sees
19. stringing (v) – with strings
20. troop (n) – a group of soldiers
21. meadow (n) – a field with grass and often wildflowers in it.
22. daisy (n) – a small flower with white petals and a yellow centre, which often grows in the grass.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write the meaning:

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question Answer  Question 1.
Chauthai.
Answer:
One fourth part of the revenue

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 2.
Sardeshmukhi.
Answer:
One tenth part of the revenue

2. Write the answer in one word:

Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 1.
Balaji was from this town in Konkan.
Answer:
Shrivardhan

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Class 7 Question 2.
He ruled Bundelkhand.
Answer:
King Chhatrasal

10 The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 3.
Bajirao died at this place.
Answer:
Raverkhedi

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Answer Question 4.
He defeated the Portuguese.
Answer:
Chimajiappa

3. Write about them in your own words:

10. The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 1.
KanhojiAngre
Answer:

• Kanhoji Angre was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
• He choose Maharani Tarabai’s side.
• He attacked areas which belong to Shahu Maharaj.
• Shahu Maharaj appointed Balaji as Peshwa.
• Balaji was sent against Kanhoji.
• Balaji diplomatically turned Kanhoji towards Shahu Maharaj’s side.

Question 2.
The Battle of Palkhed
Answer:

• Mughal Emperor Farukhsear appointed Nijam-ul-Mulk as the Subhedar of Deccan.
• The Emperor gave Marathas the right to collect chauthai, Sardeshmukhi from the Mughals.
• The Nizam was against it.
• Bajirao decided to attack the Nizam and he defeated Nizam at Palkhed near Aurangabad.

Question 3.
Balaji Vishwanath:
Answer:

• Balaji Vishwanath was a prominent Maratha Sardar.
• He hailed from Shrivardhan, a town in Konkan.
• He was industrious and experienced.
• He convinced many Sardars to join hands with Shahu Maharaj.
• Kanhoji Angre, the chief of the Maratha Navy was against Shahu Maharaj and sided with Maharani Tarabai.
• He was sent against Kanhoji.
• Balaji avoided the war and diplomatically turned Kanhoji towards Shahu Maharaj’s side.

Question 4.
Bajirao I
Answer:
(i) After the death of Balaji Vishwanath, Shahu Maharaj made Bajirao I Peshwa in CE1720.

(ii) He expanded the Maratha Empire during his tenure of 20 years.

(iii) Nizam, the Subhedar of Deccan did not allow the Marathas the right to collect chauthai and sardeshmukhi.

(iv) Bajirao attacked Nizam and defeated him at Palkhed near Aurangabad.

(v) Under the leadership of his brother Chimajiappa. Bajirao sent Malharrao Holkar,: Ranoji Shinde and Udaji Pawar to strengthen the position of the Marathas in Malwa.

(vi) Mughal Subhedar Mohammad Khan Bangush attacked on Bundelkhand. The king of Bundelkhand, Chhatrasal requested Bajirao to help him.

(vii) Bajirao defeated Bangush. The King Chhatrasal honoured Bajirao on large scale.

4. Give reasons:

Question 1.
Two separate Maratha States were formed.
Answer:
(i) There was a battle between Shahu Maharaj and Maharani Tarabai for the throne/gadi.

(ii) Shahu Maharaj won the battle and captured Satara.

(iii) He got himself crowned and Satara became the capital of the Maratha kingdom.

(iv) In 1710, Maharani Tarabai declared her minor son Shivaji II as Chhatrapati at Panhalgad. Since then, a separate state of Kolhapur apart from Satara state came into existence in the Maratha Empire.

Question 2.
Azamshah released Chattrapati Shahu Maharaj from his custody.
Answer:
(i) Azamshah thought that if he released Shahu Maharaj from his custody, then there will be a fight between Maharani Tarabai and Shahu Maharaj for the throne of Chhatrapati.

(ii) The Maratha power will become weak and therefore Azamshah released Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj from his custody.

Question 3.
Delhi Darbar needed the help of the Marathas.
Answer:
(i) The Mughal Empire was threatened by the north-west Irani and Afgani attacks.

(ii) Local kings like Pathans, Rajputs, Jats and Rohilas also posed a threat for them.

(iii) The internal competition and tussle in die court also weakened the Mughal powers. Hence, Delhi Darbar needed the help Marathas.

Activity:

Get a biography of Maharani Tarabai and present an inspiring event in her life.

Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate word from the options given below:

Question 1.
Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj had got himself crowned at _______.(Pune, Satara, Malwa)
Answer:
Satara

Question 2.
At the time of Aurangzeb’s death, Shahajada _______ was in the south. (Azamshah, Aurangzeb, Farukhsear)
Answer:
Azamshah

Question 3.
Maharani Tarabai declared her minor son as Chhatrapati _______ at Panhala. (Shivaji II, Savai, Madhavrao)
Answer:
Shivaji II

Question 4.
_______ became the Subhedar of the Deccan. (Nijam-ul-Mulk, Farukhsear, Madhavrao)
Answer:
Nijam-ul-Mulk

Question 5.
Bajirao sent his brother ________ to subdue the Portuguese. (Chimajiappa, Malharrao Holkar, Ranoji Shinde)
Answer:
Chimajiappa

Question 6.
Bajirao defeated _________ of Bundelkhand. (Bangush, Nadir Shah, Farukhsear)
Answer:
Bangush

Question 7.
When Kanhoji Angre attacked Shahu Maharaj, he sent ______ against Kanhoji Angre. (Balaji Vishwanath, Bajirao, Shahu Maharaj)
Answer:
Balaji Vishwanath

Question 8.
After the death of Balaji Vishwanath, Shahu Maharaj made ________ as the Peshwa. (Chimajiappa, Bajirao I, Udaji Pawar)
Answer:
Bajirao I

Question 9.
Iran’s Emperor ___________ attack on India. (Nadirshah, Abdulla (Hassan), Hussein Ali)
Answer:
Nadirshah

Question 10.
After the death of Aurangzeb ________ and ______ dominated the Mughal Court.(Abdulla (Hasan), Hussein Ali, Nijam-Ul-Mulk)
Answer:
Abdulla (Hasan) and Hussein Ali

Question 11.
After the death of Emperor Aurangzeb the fight for __________ started between his sons. (Delhi’s throne, Chauthai-Sardeshmukhi, Subhedar of Deccan)
Answer:
Delhi’s throne

Question 12.
Prince Shahu was in the custody of _________ (Maharani Tarabai, Azamshah, Bahadur Shah)
Answer:
Azamshah

Question 13.
_______ became the capital of Maratha kingdom. (Satara, Kolhapur, Pune)
Answer:
Satara

Question 14.
__________was the chief of the Maratha Navy. (Balaji, Vishwanath, Kanhoji Angre, Bajirao I)
Answer:
Kanhoji Angre

Question 15.
Bajirao took his last breath at _______ (Raverkhedi, Bhopal, Palkhed)
Answer:
Raverkhedi

Question 16.
________ established the Maratha domination in North India by his bravery.
(Chimajiappa, Bajirao, King Chhatrasal)
Answer:
Bajirao

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Shahu Maharaj (2)Shivaji II (3) Nijam-ul-Mulk (4) Nadir Shah	(a)  Iran’s Emperor (b)  Satara (c) Panhalgad (d)  Subhedar of Deccan

Answer:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – a
4 – d

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) King Chhatrasal (2)The Battle of Bhopal (3) Chauthai (4) Sardeshmukhi	(a)     One fourth part of the income (b)     Bundelkhand (c)     Bajirao (d)     One tenth part of the income.

Answer:
1 – b
2 – d
3 – a
4 – c

Explain the meanings of:

Question 1.
Subhedar.
Answer:
Historical rank in the army

Question 2.
Sanad.
Answer:
Authority

Write the answer in one word:

Question 1.
These places were under Portuguese rule.
Answer:
Vasai and Thane

Question 2.
The Emperor of Iran who invaded India.
Answer:
Nadir Shah

Question 3.
He was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
Answer:
KanhojiAngre

Question 4.
He was a great warrior.
Answer:
Bajirao

Question 5.
He was the first Peshwa.
Answer:
Balaji Vishwanath

Question 6.
The second Peshwa.
Answer:
Bajirao

Question 7.
Aurangzeb’s son.
Answer:
Shahajada Azamshah

Question 8.
Tarabai proclaimed her younger son as.
Answer:
Chhatrapati Shivaji II

Answer the following in one sentences:

Question 1.
Who was in the custody of Azamshah?
Answer:
Prince Shahu was in the custody of Azamshah.

Question 2.
What was the new political policy of Marathas?
Answer:
The new political policy of the Marathas was to protect and expand their own Empire instead of fighting with Mughal powers.

Question 3.
What had weakened the Mughal powers?
Answer:
The threat from local kings, internal competition and tussle in the court weakened the Mughal powers.

Question 4.
Who was Kanhoji Angre?
Answer:
Kanhoji Angre was the Chief of the Maratha Navy.

Question 5.
With whose help did Balaji receive the authority to recover Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi?
Answer:
With the help of Sayyid brothers, Abdulla (Hassan) and Hussein Ali, Balaji received the authority to recover Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi.

Question 6.
Whom did Bajirao send to Malwa to strengthen the position of the Marathas?
Answer:
Bajirao sent Malharrao Holkar, Ranoji Shinde and Udaji Pawar under the leadership of his x brother Chimajiappa to Malwa to strengthen the position of Marathas.

Question 7.
Whose help did King Chhatrasal seek to protect his kingdom Bundelkhand.
Answer:
The King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao to protect his kingdom Bundelkhand.

Question 8.
Which parts from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule?
Answer:
Vasai and Thane from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule.

Question 9.
Whom did Bajirao send to defeat Portuguese? ‘
Answer:
Bajirao sent his brother Chimajiappa to defeat the Portuguese.

Question 10.
What rights did Balaji get from the Mughal Emperor?
Answer:
Balaji got from the Mughal Emperor the sanads to collect Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi

Question 11.
Why did Chhatrasal ask Balaji for help?
Answer:
Mohammad Khan Bangush, the Mughal Subhedar of Allahabad attacked Bundelkhand and defeated Chhatrasal. So, Chhatrasal asked Balaji for help.

Question 12.
Where did Bajirao defeat the Nizam?
Answer:
Bajirao defeated the Nizam at Palkhed near Aurangabad.

Question 13.
What were the great qualities of Bajirao?
Answer:
Bajirao was a great warrior, a powerful ruler who established the Maratha dominance in North.

Write notes on the following:

Question 1.
The Battle of Bhopal
Answer:

• The emperor became restless due to Bajirao’s attack.
• He called the Nizam to protect Delhi.
• The Nizam attacked Bajirao with his large army.
• Bajirao defeated him at Bhopal.
• The Nizam agreed to secure the sanad of Malwa subhedari to Marathas from the Badshah.

Give explanations for the following:

Question 1.
Portuguese.
Answer:

• Vasai and Thane from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule.
• Portuguese rulers used to exploit people.

Question 2.
King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao for help.
Answer:

• King Chhatrasal established his own kingdom in Bundelkhand.
• Mughal Subhedar Mohammad Khari Bangush attacked Bundelkhand and defeated king Chhatrasal.
• Hence, King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao for help.

Question 3.
Shahu Maharaj knew the integrities of the Mughals.
Answer:

• The early part of Shahu Maharaj’s life was spent in Mughal camps.
• He has seen Mughal politics from close quarters.
• He was aware of the strong and weak points of the Mughal empire very well.
• He also knew some influential people in Mughal Darbar.
• All these factors helped him in the changing circumstances to decide the new direction for Maratha politics.

Answer the following in short:

Question 1.
How did Balaji Vishwanath turned Kanhoji towards the side of Shahu Maharaj?
Answer:

• Kanhoji Angre was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
• He chose Maharani Tarabai’s side.
• He attacked areas which belonged to Shahu Maharaj.
• Shahu Maharaj sent Balaji Vishwanath against Kanhoji.
• Balaji avoided the war and won Kanhoji towards the side of Shahu Maharaj.

Question 2.
Why did Bajirao decide to attack Delhi?
Answer:

• The Marathas established their supremacy in Malwa and Bundelkhand.
• Bajirao demanded Malwa Subhedari from the Badshah (Emperor).
• The Emperor rejected his demand Hence Bajirao decided to attack Delhi.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 3.1 Tartary Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 3.1 Tartary

Class 7 English Chapter 3.1 Tartary Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Find the words that mean the following, from the first stanza.

3.1 Tartary Question And Answer Question 1.
Gold hammered into a flat, thin shape : ………………..
Answer:
beaten gold

Tartary Poem Std 7 Question Answer Question 2.
Show off proudly : ………………..
Answer:
flaunt

Tartary Poem 7th Standard Question 3.
Tilt, move at an angle : ………………..
Answer:
slant

3.1 Tartary Answer Question 4.
Across, especially in a slanting direction : ………………..
Answer:
athwart

2. Find the names of the exotic musical instruments and animals mentioned in the poem.

Tartary Poem Std 7 Questions And Answers Question 1.
Find the names of the exotic musical instruments and animals mentioned in the poem.
Answer:
Exotic musical instruments mentioned in the poem are harp, flute and mandoline. Animals mentioned are fishes, zebras, tigers and peacock.

3. In the last stanza, there are three-four letter words that refer to a beautiful valley.

3.1 Tartary Question 1.
In the last stanza, there are three-four letter words that refer to a beautiful valley. They are:
1. ………………
2. ………………
3. ………………
Answer:
1. dale,
2. vale,
3. glen.

4. From the poem, find three lines that use comparisons.

Tartary Poem Questions And Answers Question 1.
From the poem, find three lines that use comparisons.
1. …………….
2. …………….
3. …………….
Answer:
1. Her trembling lake like foamless seas.
2. Yellow as honey, red as wine.
3. And, clustered thick as seeds.

5. Colour, sound and images from nature add to the beauty of a poem.

Tartary Poem Std 7 Question 1.
Colour, sound and images from nature add to the beauty of a poem: ‘Tartary’ is a perfect example of the above. Pick out lines that contain:
1. colour,
2. sound,
3. images of native:
Answer:
1. Colour:

• her rivers silver pale!
• In every purple vale!
• And in the evening lamp would shine. Yellow as honey red as wine
• I’d wear a robe of beads & gold

2. Sound:

• Trumpeters everyday. To every meal would summon me.
• While harp and flute and mandoline made music sweet and gay

3. Images from the nature:

• Her flashing stars, her scented breeze.
• Her river silver pale!
• And in my pools great fishes slant.
• Her bird-delighting citron trees.
• Glen, thicket, wood and dale.

6. Complete the following phrases with the help of the poem.

Tartary Question And Answers Question 1.
Complete the following phrases with the help of the poem.

1. ……………. music
2. ……………. rivers
3. ……………. breeze
4. ……………. lake
5. ……………. citron-trees

Answer:

1. sweet and gay music
2. silver-pale river
3. scented breeze
4. trembling lake
5. bird-delighting citron-trees

7. Write about the daily routine of the ‘Lord of Tartary’ in 8-10 lines.

7th Std English Poem Tartary Question 1.
Write about the daily routine of the ‘Lord of Tartary’ in 8-10 lines.
Answer:
The Lord of Tartary would get up very early in the morning. He would wear a dress of green, white and gold beads. These beads would be placed very close to each other just like seeds. And before the waning of the morning star he would wear his robe, take his sword, and then go out in the valley in his carriage drawn by seven zebras. At meal time, be summoned by trumpeters. In the evening, he would enjoy the shining lamps and sweet music played by musicians. At night he would enjoy the flashing stars and the scented breeze by the lakeside lined with citron-trees.

8. Using your imagination write about a beautiful region – its landforms, water bodies, flora and fauna, night sky, people etc.

Question 1.
Using your imagination write about a beautiful region – its landforms, water bodies, flora and fauna, night sky, people etc.
Answer:
My mind races to a beautiful mountain range full of huge tall trees with winding creepers. A few monkeys could be seen jumping from the branches across trees as if engaged in a game. The crisp chirping of birds could be heard. The setting sun cast a reddish-yellow glow on the horizon and I could see the gurgling stream flowing down the slopes of the mountain as if to reach a destination.

Through the winding paths, one could see villages with loads of household goods trekking up the way to their homes nestled in the slopes of the mountain. As the night grew, the dim lights from the modest homes seemed to complete with the bright shining stars, far away in the sky. The occasional cool breeze, faithfully carried the fragrance of the trees, leaves and the blooms with if it was a blissful feeling – away from the din and noise of the crowded city life.

9. Language Study.

Question 1.
Consonance: Consonance is repetition of one or more consonant sounds especially at the end of words. Consonance is usually pleasant lo the ear.
Examples:

• Piller-patter, pitter-patter
• Rivers silver-pale
• The lint was sent with the tent.
• All’s well that ends well.

Find at least two examples of consonance from poems that you study in this book.
Answer:
e.g.
1. pitter-patter
2. gold and green
Give Similar examples.

Class 7 English Chapter 3.1 Tartary Additional Important Questions and Answers

Match the Columns.

Question 1.

Columns ‘A’	Columns ‘B’
1. Zebras	a. delight the birds
2. Lakes	b. summon the Lord to every meal
3. Citron trees	c. draw carriage
4. Trumpeters	d. flaunt their feathers
5. Peacocks	e. tremble like a sea
6. Tigers	f. beat gold
	g. haunt the forests

Answer:

Columns ‘A’	Columns ‘B’
1. Zebras	c. draw carriage
2. Lakes	e. tremble like a sea
3. Citron trees	a. delight the birds
4. Trumpeters	b. summon the Lord to every meal
5. Peacocks	d. flaunt their feathers
6. Tigers	g. haunt the forests

Reading Skills and Poetic Device.

Question 1.
Complete the sentences.

1. My bed should be
2. And in my forests
3. Yellow as honey,

Answer:

1. of ivory
2. tigers haunt
3. red as wine

Complex Factual Questions.

Question 1.
How does the poet begin the poem?
Answer:
The poet begins the poem on the assumption that if he were the Lord of Tartary and wants all things beautiful for himself like a little child “myself and me alone.”

Question 2.
The poet expresses his desire for certain things specifically. According what do you what do the following signify?

1. Ivory
2. peacocks
3. tigers
4. shining lamps
5. harp and flute

Answer:

1. luxury
2. beauty and majesty
3. strength / power
4. decor aesthetics brightness beauty
5. ear for music.

Question 3.
Who will summon the Lord to every meal?
Answer:
The trumpeters will summon the Lord to every meal.

Poetic Device.

State and explain the figures of speech in the given lines.

Question 1.
of beaten gold my throne
Answer:
Inversion: The word order has been changed. The correct word order is ‘my throne of beaten gold’.

Question 2.
And in my court should peacocks flaunt.
Answer:
Inversion: The word order has been changed. The correct word order is ‘And in my court peacock should flaunt’.

Question 3.
Yellow as honey, red as wine.
Answer:
Simile – Lamp’s yellow shine is directly compared to honey and its red shine is compared to wine.

Question 4.
White harp and flute and mandolin
Answer:
Repetition – The word ‘and is repeated for poetic effect.

Question 5.
Made music sweet and gay.
Answer:
Alliteration – The sound of’m’ in words made and music is used to add beauty to the poem.

Simple Factual Questions.

Complete the sentences.
1. The lake of Tartary trembles like
2. The purple dale has
Answer:
1. foamless seas
2. bird-delighting citron trees

Complex Factual Questions.

Question 1.
How does the poet want his robe to be?
Answer:
The poet wants his robe to be made of white, golden and green coloured beads placed quite close to one another.

Question 2.
What does he want to do before the morning star is out of sight?
Answer:
Before the morning star is out of sight, the poet wants to wear his robe and ride through the dark open spaces in the forests. He hopes to travel in his car drawn by seven zebras.

Question 3.
How does the poet portray the natural beauty of Tartary.
Answer:
The poet imagines a variety of fruits, silver pale rivers, valleys of dense forests and bushes, flashing stars, scented breeze, shining stars in the sky and citron trees habited by delightful birds in his Kingdom of Tartary.

Poetic Device.

Question 1.
And clustered thick as seeds
Answer:
Simile – There is a direct comparison between the beads in the robe to a cluster of seeds to add to the poetic effect.

Question 2.
And zebras seven should draw my car
Answer:
Inversion – The prose order is changed for poetic effect.

Question 3.
Glen, thicket, wood, and dale
Answer:
Tautology – The words ‘glen’ and ‘dale’ which mean the same are used in the same line for a better poetic effect.

Question 4.
Her trembling lake like foamless sea.
Answer:
Simile: The lake is directly compared to a sea for a better poetic effect.
Personification: Inanimate object ‘lake’ is given the human quality of trembling for a better poetic effect.
Alliteration: The sound of T is repeated in words ‘lake’ and ‘like’ for a better poetic effect.

Question 5.
Her rivers silver-pale!
Answer:
Exclamation – A strong emotion is expressed for a better poetic effect.

Question 6.
And ere should wane the morning star.
Answer:
Inversion – The word order has been changed. The correct word order is ‘and ere the morning- star should wane’.

Question 7.
Pick out two pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:

1. pale-dale
2. beads-seeds

Tartary Summary in English

The poet says that if he were the Lord of the imaginary kingdom called ‘Tartary’, he would be the sole ruler of this great land. He would sleep on bed made of ivory, sit on a throne made of gold. All types of birds and animals would visit his court. The peacocks would proudly show off its beautiful form and the well-built tigers would take a walk in the forests. The fishes would tilt and swim with their fins shining in the pools.

Further ahead, the poet says that as the Lord of Tartary, he would be treated royally. With trumpeters calling him for every meal, shining lamps displaying yellow and red colours. Musicians would entertain him by playing exotic musical instruments such as harp, flute and mandoline.

He wishes to wear a robe of beads of white gold & green. Before the morning stars wane, he would wear his robe and with a sword in his hand, go around the valley in a carriage drawn by seven zebras.
As the lord of Tartary, he would own all the juicy fruits the silver-pale rivers, hills full of bushes and trees. In the night, he would enjoy the beauty of the shining stars and the sweet fragrance of the breeze. The purple valley with citron-trees that delight the birds would add to the beauty of Tartary.

Introduction:

The poet Walter de la Mare paints a vivid picture of an imaginary kingdom, ‘Tartary’ and takes us on a journey as the Lord of the mighty kingdom.

Glossary:

1. Tartary – an imaginary land
2. ivory (n) – tusk teeth of an elephant which is hard and creamy white in colour
3. beaten gold (adj) – gold hammered into flat thin shape
4. throne (n) – chair for a king or queen metal strings
5. flaunt (v) – show off proudly
6. haunt (v) – come frequently
7. slant (v) – tilt, at an angle which is not straight (here) move at an angle.
8. athwart (prep) – across, from side to side in a slanting direction
9. summon (v) – call
10. bray (v) – make a loud harsh cry
11. harp (n) – a musical instrument with strings
12. mandoline (n) – a musical instrument with metal strings
13. gay (adj) – happy, light-hearted
14. robe (n) – a loose garment reaching the ankles
15. clustered (v)- similar things grouped together and placed closely
16. ere (prep) – before (in time) – old usage
17. wane (v) – disappear
18. don (v) – put on clothing
19. scimitar (n) – short sword with a curved blade
20. glades (n) – open spaces in a forest
21. glen (n) – a narrow valley
22. thicket (n) – dense group of bushes or trees
23. dale (n) – a valley
24. flashing (v) – shine with bright, irregular light
25. vale (n) – a valley

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the following statements carefully. Correct the wrong ones and write them down:

Natural Regions Class 7 Geography Question 1.
Due to its mild and warm climate, people from the West European region are not energetic.
Answer:
False – Due to its mild and warm climate people from the West European region are industrious and energetic.

Std 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Question 2.
The prairie region is called the wheat basket of the world.
Answer:
True.

Natural Regions Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
The trees in the Mediterranean region have oily leaves and the bark is quite thick. There is a high rate of transpiration.
Answer:
False – The trees in the hot desert region have oily leaves and the bark is quite thick. There is high rate of transpiration.

Natural Regions Class 7 Question 4.
The camel is an important animal of the hot desert region as it can survive without water and is useful for transport.
Answer:
True.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Question 5.
Carnivorous animals like tigers and lions are found in large numbers in the equatorial regions.
Answer:
False – Carnivorous animals like tigers and lions are found in large numbers in the grassland region (Sudan).

2. Give geographical reasons:

6 Natural Regions Question 1.
People in monsoon region are mainly engaged in agriculture.
Answer:
(i) The monsoon region is located in tropical & subtropical belt between 10° & 30°N & parallels which receives almost perpendicular rays of the sun for most part of the year.

(ii) The summers temperature are hot with between 27° & 32°C & the winters are mild with temperatures between 15° to 24°C.

(iii) This region receives rainfall during specific season from the south west monsoon winds and the rainfall varies between 250 to 2500 mm.

(iv) Thus as the climatic conditions are such that they favour growth of variety of crops.

(v) Thus, people in the monsoon region are engaged in agriculture.

Natural Regions Std 7 Question 2.
Trees in equatorial forests grow tall.
Answer:
(i) The equatorial forest are found in regions between 50°N & 50°S of the equator. This region receives perpendicular rays of the sun throughout the year.

(ii) The climate of the equatorial region is hot & it receives rainfall throughout the year. Annual rainfall in this region is between 2500 & 3000 mm.

(iii) Hence, dense evergreen forests are found here. Due to dense vegetation sunlight does not reach the ground & the trees compete for sunlight.

(iv) Thus, trees in equatorial forests grow tall.

Question 3.
Vegetation is short-lived in the Tundra region.
Answer:
(i) Tundra region is located between 65°N to 90°N parallels due to which the climate here is very cold.
(ii) The mean summer temperatures is between 20°C to 30°C.
(iii) Very cold climate of winter does not support growth of vegetation but short grass, small shrubs, flowers, lichen, moss etc. grow during short summer period here
(iv) Thus, vegetation is short-lived in the Tundra region.

3. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is the latitudinal extent of the Taiga . region?
Answer:
Taiga region extends from 55° to 65° N latitudes from Alaska to the Atlantic coast & in parts of Eurasia.

Question 2.
Name any three herbivorous animals from the Sudan region. What has nature endowed them with for self-protection?
Answer:

• Sudan region has zebras, elephant and giraffe.
• Nature has gifted them with speedy legs.
• The skin of the animals here have colourful spots or stripes/bands.

Question 3.
What are the characteristics of the Monsoon region?
Answer:
The characteristics of the Monsoon region are as follows:

• The summer temperature is between 27° and 32°C & the winter temperature is 15° to 24°C.
• Rainfall varies between 250 to 2500 mm. This region gets rain in specific seasons from the SW Monsoon.
• Rainfall here is highly variable and distribution is quite uneven.
• Semi-evergreen and deciduous forests are found in this region. Vegetation depends on the distribution of rainfall.
• Agriculture is the main occupation of the people here.
• Large number of small hamlets are found. There is considerable difference in the diet & costumes of the people in the monsoon region.
• Population here is mostly engaged in primary occupation

4. Show the following items on an outline map of the world. Prepare the index:

• Colorado Desert
• British Columbia
• Downs Grassland
• Inhabited part of Greenland
• Mediterranean Sea
• Congo basin
• Llanos and Campos

Answer:

Activity:

Using the Internet, check the information given in this lesson. Collect pictures of the flora and fauna and the human life of the various natural regions. Make a collage by pasting these pictures on the world map.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell:

Observe the picture given on Pg. no. 30 of Geography textbook and answer the following question given below.

Page no: 31

Question 1.
Why are the house types shown in the pictures not seen in our surrounding?
Answer:
All the house types shown in the pictures are not seen in our surroundings because house types differ from place to place. They are built taking into consideration rainfall, temperature and raw material available for building houses.

Question 2.
Which are the regions where such types of houses are found?
Answer:
In cities, we find buildings and bungalows built of concrete material. An igloo is found in the Tundra or Taiga region. Huts are found in grassland or forested areas.

Question 3.
Would you like to stay in a house built of ice? Why don’t we build such houses?
Answer:
Yes, I would like to stay in an ice house. We can’t build it here because the temperature is high which will melt the ice and we don’t have snowfall in Maharashtra.

Question 4.
What brings about difference in people’s clothing?
Answer:
There is difference in people’s clothing because firstly it depends upon the climate of the place. Secondly it depends upon the culture & tradition as well as the raw material available or textile industries that are set up a particular region.

Question 5.
Where do you think Khubz, insects and ants also form a part of the diet of the people?
Answer:
Human beings eat whatever is edible & does not harm their digestive system.
Previously Khubz, insects & ants were consumed mainly by tribal people or people living in underdeveloped countries, but today it is consumed by people for protein, or for tradition or even as exploratory cuisine.

Question 6.
Can the animals from polar region like polar bears and penguins be kept in the tropical zoos?
Answer:
No, polar bear and penguins survive only in colder regions. They cannot bear the tropical heat and may die. Therefore, they are not kept in tropical zoos.

Question 7.
Are all the plants shown in the pictures found in our surroundings? If not, where do you think they can be found?
Answer:
TB pg 30 – The tree shown in 1 st picture is found in the coastal area. The tree in the 2nd picture is found in the equatorial region. The plant in the 3rd picture is found in the hot desert region.
TB pg 31 – The tree in the 1st picture is found in grassland regions.
The tree in 2nd picture is found in the monsoon region
The tree in the 3rd picture is found in the Taiga region.

Think about it:

Question 1.
Why are animals like lions not found in Equatorial forests?
Answer:
(i) Equatorial regions have hot & humid climate & it rains throughout the year. So, dense multilayered evergreen forests are found here.

(ii) As the sunlight does not reach the ground the trees compete to get sunlight & hence trees grow very tall.

(iii) Mainly animals which can survive in swampy & marshy environment of forests are arboreal animals found in equatorial forests.
Hence animals like lions are not found in equatorial forests.

Question 2.
Why are the hot deserts mainly located along the western side of the continents?
Answer:
The planetary winds shed their moisture in the eastern parts of the continents and become dry by the time they reach the western margins. Therefore, hot deserts are mainly located along the western side of the continents.

Question 3.
Why are people in the hot deserts engaged mostly in animal rearing?
Answer:
Hot deserts have very scanty rains and high temperature which does not favour agriculture, therefore people in the hot deserts are mostly engaged in animal rearing.

Question 4.
Why do people in hot deserts live a nomadic life?
Answer:
People in hot deserts rear animals for a living. Therefore they move from place to place in search of water and fodder for their animals.

Question 5.
Why are carnivorous animals found in the grasslands?
Answer:
In the grassland region there are a large number of herbivorous animals. Therefore carnivorous animals are found in large numbers.

Make friends with maps!

Observe the map and answer the following questions

Question 1.
Which natural regions are found in India?
Answer:
Monsoon region is the natural region found in India.

Question 2.
Which continent comprises a major portion of the hot desert type of region?
Answer:
Continent of Africa comprises a major portion of hot desert type region.

Question 3.
Which continent has the highest diversity in terms of natural regions?
Answer:
Continent of Asia has the highest diversity in terms of natural region.

Question 4.
Why are there fewer natural regions in the southern hemisphere than those in the northern hemisphere?
Answer:
Because the land in the southern hemisphere is less and have only in two temperature zones.

Question 5.
Which natural region occupies the largest area in the world.
Answer:
Taiga region occupies the largest area in the world.

Question 6.
Where else do we find conditions similar to the continent of Antarctica?
Answer:
Greenland has conditions similar to continent of Antarctica.

Question 7.
Throughout which natural regions does the Prime Meridian pass?
Answer:
The Prime Meridian passes through Hot deserts, Mediterranean type of climate, Taiga, West European type region.

Observe the table of natural region on Pg. 33 of textbook, then answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which natural region consists of short-lived vegetation?
Answer:
Tundra region consists of short-lived vegetation.

Question 2.
In which natural region will you find the kraals?
Answer:
We will find the kraals in Sudan type grassland region.

Question 3.
Which region has winter rains?
Answer:
The Mediterranean region has winter rains.

Question 4.
In which natural regions are gorillas and chimpanzees found?
Answer:
Gorillas and Chimpanzees are found in the Equatorial region.

Question 5.
In which natural region is the land surface in the forests devoid of vegetation?
Answer:
Hot deserts region is devoid of vegetation.

Question 6. Which regions favour dairy farming?
Answer:
Grassland (Prairie and Steppes) favour dairy farming.

Question 7.
Which region is favourable for fruit production?
Answer:
Mediterranean region is favourable for fruit production.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct option from the bracket:

Question 1.
The ______ people live in the Steppes grassland and they live a nomadic life. (Zulu, Pygmies, Kirgiz)
Answer:
Zulu

Question 2.
Monsoon region gets rains from the ____ winds. (NE monsoon, SW monsoon, SE monsoon)
Answer:
SW monsoon

Question 3.
_____ cause cyclonic rain in the West European region. (Westerlies, Easterlies, Polar)
Answer:
Westerlies

Question 4.
Sailors and explorers are mainly found in the ______ region. (Mediterranean, Monsoon, West European)
Answer:
Mediterranean

Question 5.
The _______ type of forest is found in the Equatorial region.(Coniferous, Evergreen, Deciduous)
Answer:
Evergreen

Question 6.
The ________ region receives rainfall in winter. (Mediterranean, Equatorial, Taiga)
Answer:
Mediterranean

Question 7.
Seat of Greek and Roman civilization is found in the ______ region. (Taiga, Hot desert, Mediterranean)
Answer:
Mediterranean

Question 8.
In Monsoon region, ______ is the main occupation of the people. (agriculture, animal husbandary, secondary)
Answer:
agriculture

Match the pair correctly:

Question 1.

Region	Latitudinal extent
(1) Tundra region	(a) 5° to 20° N and S
(2) Taiga region	(b) 20° to 30° N and S
(3) Grassland (Steppes and Prairies	(c) 30° to 55° N and S
(4) Hot Desert	(d) 55° to 65° N and S
(5) Grassland (Sudan type)	(e) 65° to 90° N and S

Answer:
1 – e
2 – d
3 – c
4 – b
5 – a

Do the following tasks:
Question 1.
Write the important occupation of the region in the following table:
Answer:

Question 2.
Find the location of the following regions from the world map and write down in the table given below:
Answer:

Regions	Location
(1) Tundra region	(a) Greenland, N. Canada, N. Europe, North Asia.
(2) Taiga region	(b) Alaska to the Atlantic coast, Parts of Eurasia.
(3) Grasslands (Steppes and Prairies)	(c) Steppes (Eurasia), Velds (South Africa), Pampas (S. America), Prairies (N. America), Down (Australia), etc.
(4) Hot Desert region	(d) In the western parts of continents, Sahara (N. Africa), Colorado (N.America), Atacama (S.America), Kalahari (S. Africa), Thar (Asia), etc.
(5) Grasslands (Sudan type)	(e) Savanna (Africa), Queensland (Australia), the Parkland (Africa), Llanos and Campos (S.America) and other grasslands.
(6) Equatorial region	(f) Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Guinea, Cango basin, Amazon basin.
(7) Monsoon region	(g) Indian subcontinent, Philippines, West Indies, N. Australia, E. Africa, E. America etc.
(8) Mediterranean region	(h) Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Turkey, California, Central Chile, SW and NE Australia, etc.
(9) West European region	(i) Norway, Denmark, Ireland, British Colombia, South Chile, New Zealand, etc.

Who am I. (Type of region):

Question 1.
I am found in Indonesia and Guinea
Answer:
Equatorial Region

Question 2.
I am found as Llanos and Campos
Answer:
Grasslands (Sudan type)

Question 3.
I am found in the Colorado and the Atacama
Answer:
Hot Desert region

Question 4.
I am found in South America and North America
Answer:
Grassland (steppes and prairies)

Question 5.
I am found from the Alaska to the Atlantic coast
Answer:
Taiga region

Question 6.
I am found in Greenland and North Canada
Answer:
Tundra region

Question 7.
I am found in California.
Answer:
Mediterranean region.

Name the following:

Question 1.
Any two animals of Tundra region
Answer: Reindeer, Polar bears.

Question 2.
Any 2 types of trees of the Taiga region.
Answer:
Spruce, Pine.

Question 3.
A tribe found in the Steppes and Prairies grassland who are no more nomadic.
Answer:
Kirghiz

Question 4.
Any two tribes found in Sudan type grassland region.
Answer:
Zulu, Hausa

Question 5.
Any three hot deserts
Answer:
Sahara (N. Africa), Thar (Asia), Colorado (N. America)

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the mean winter temperature in the Tundra region?
Answer:
The mean winter temperature in the tundra region is approximately -20° to -30°C.

Question 2.
How are the summers and winters in Sudan region?
Answer:
In the Sudan region, summers are hot and humid where as winters are warm and dry.

Question 3.
What are the annual rainfall in the Equatorial region?
Answer:
The annual rainfall in the equatorial region is between 2500 and 3000 mm.

Question 4.
Which animal is commonly found in the hot deserts? Why?
Answer:
Camels are commonly found in the hot deserts. as they can survive for days without water.

Question 5.
What are the characteristics of plants in the hot desert region?
Answer:
Their vegetation is in the form of thorny bushes with hardly any leaves; also the leaves are narrow, oily & the plants have a thick bark.

Question 6.
What type of forest are found in the Taiga region?
Answer:
Mainly coniferous forests are found in the Taiga region.

Give Geographical reasons for:

Question  1.
In hot desert region, animals like camels survive for days without water.
Answer:
(i) In Hot desert region mean summer temperature is 30° to 45°C.
(ii) The heat is tremendous & the rainfall is very low.
(iii) Camels have adapted themselves to such extreme conditions. When there is food & water a camel can eat & drink large amounts & store it as fat in the hump. Hence in hot desert region, animals like camels survive for days without water.

Question 2.
The Mediterranean region is known for its rainfall in winters.
Answer:
(i) The Mediterranean region lies between 30°and 40° parallels in both the hemispheres on the western side of continents.
(ii) Therefore, the Mediterranean region comes under the influence of westerlies.
(iii) Hence, it receives rainfall in winter.

Question 3.
Taiga region, lumbering is the main occupation.
Answer:
(i) The Taiga region has a cool climate. The summer temperature ranges between 15° to 20°C & the winter temperature falls below 0°C.
(ii) Hence, mainly coniferous forests are found here.
(iii) The wood of the trees here is light & soft.
(iv) Hence, lumbering is the main occupation in the Taiga region.

Question 4.
As one travels from the equator to the poles the spectrum of biodiversity narrows down.
Answer:
(i) In Equatorial region the occupation is based on forest produce, for eg. gathering of gum, rubber, etc.

(ii) Whereas towards the poles, the availability of natural resources adversely affects the human occupations.

(iii) The availability of sunlight and water keep on changing from equator to the polar region therefore as one travels from the equator to the poles, the spectrum of biodiversity narrows down.

Question 5.
There are variations in the biodiversity in different parts of the world.
Answer:
(i) Difference in landforms, climate and soil greatly influence the flora, fauna and human life.
(ii) Therefore it give rise to variations in the biodiversity in different parts of the world.

Question 6.
Equatorial region has a number of diseases.
Answer:
Equatorial region has a number of diseases because of the hot and humid climate which ,decomposes and causes vegetal litter.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Describe coniferous trees in the Taiga region.
Answer:

• Coniferous trees have light and soft wood
• Leaves are narrow and pointed.
• Branches are leaning towards the ground.

Question 2.
Describe the vegetation in the Mediterranean region.
Answer:

• Grass is found in low rainfall regions whereas coniferous forests are found in mountainous region.
• Trees have thick barks and thick, small and oily leaves.

Question 3.
What types of forests are found in the Monsoon region?
Answer:
In the Monsoon region, semi-evergreen and deciduous forest are found.

Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
What are the characteristics of the West European Region?
Answer:
The characteristics of the West European Region are as follows

• Mean Summer temperature is around 20°C, mean winter temperature is around 5°C.
• Mean rainfall is between 500 and 2500 mm.
• The rainfall is mostly in the form of cyclones associated with westerlies.
• It rains throughout the year.
• Climate is mild.
• Green grass is seen all the year round.
• Trees shed their leaves in winter.
• Coniferous trees and short-grasses grow here.

Question 2.
What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean region?
Answer:
The characteristics of the Mediterranean region are as follows :

• Dry summers and rainfall in winter and mean summer temperature from 21 °C to 27°C.
• Winter temperature between 10°C and 14°C.
• Mean annual rainfall is 500 to 1000 mm.
• It rains in winter.
• Thick small oily leaves.

Arrange the name of the region given in the semicircular globe depending on the parallels they lie:

Question 1.

Answer:

• Tundra region – Between 65° to 90° parallels.
• Taiga region – Between 55° and 65°N parallels.
• Prairie grassland – Between 30° and 55° N and S parallels.
• Hot Desert region – Between 20° and 30° N and S parallels.
• Sudan grassland – Between 5° to 20° N & S parallels.
• Equatorial region – Between 5° N to 20° S of the equator.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj

Class 7 History Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Can you tell ?

Class 7 History Chapter 7 The Administration Of The Swaraj Question 1.
A Council with eight departments –
Answer:
Ashtapradhan Mandal

The Administration Of The Swaraj Std 7 Question Answer Question 2.
Bahirj Naik was the Head of this department –
Answer:
Intelligence department.

The Administration Of The Swaraj Std 7 Question 3.
The sea fort built by Maharaj near Malvan –
Answer:
Sindhudurga

7 The Administration Of The Swaraj Question Answer Question 4.
He looked after the war materials on the fort –
Answer:
The Karkhanis.

2. Write about it in your own words:

The Administration Of The Swaraj Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj’s Policy regarding agriculture.
Answer:

• Agriculture was the backbone of the village/ rural economy
• Shivaji Maharaj paid attention to the welfare of the peasants.
• The officers were warned not to collect more revenue than the fixed amount.
• Peasants were encouraged to bring more land under cultivation.
• Special concession was granted if: There was famine, floods or if any army of the enemy had devasted the area.
• Bullocks, ploughs and good seeds were provided to the peasants.

Question 2.
Shivaji Maharaj – a ruler concerned about the welfare of his subjects.
Answer:
(i) Shivaji Maharaj had an excellent agricultural policy like fixed revenue. He paid attention to the welfare of the peasants.

(ii) Concessions to the farmers who had crop failure due to floods, famine, etc.

(iii) He provided bullocks, ploughs and good seeds to the farmers.

(iv) He increased trade so that kingdom could prosper.

(v) He protected industries, e.g. The salt industry in the Konkan.

(vi) Salt imported from the Portuguese territory would then cost more so he protected the salt industry in Konkan. Hence the above stories reveal that Shivaji Maharaj was concerned about the welfare of his subjects.

3. Give reasons:

Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj appointed a Council of Eight Ministers.
Answer:

• Shivaji Maharaj divided the administration in to eight different departments.
• For the convenience of the administration, Shivaji Maharaj appointed a Council of Eight Ministers called ‘Ashtapradhan Mandal’.

Question 2.
Shivaji Maharaj raised a navy.
Answer:

• The enemies on the west coast of India created obstacles in the work of expansion of the Swaraj.
• It was necessary to curb their activities and to protect the west coast.
• Shivaji Maharaj also realized that the one who has a navy, controls the sea. Hence, Shivaji Maharaj raised a navy.

4. Complete the chart:

Question 1.

Answer:

Activities:

1. Interview a person in your neighbourhood who has served in the armed forces.
2. Visit a market in your town. List the items prepared/grown in the neighbourhood and those that come from outside.

Class 7 History Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate words from the options given below:

Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj entrusted the responsibility of organizing the land revenue system to _____ .(Bahuji Naik, Netaji Palkar, Annaji Datto)
Answer:
Annaji Datto

Question 2.
_________ was the highest officer in the cavalry. (Sarnobat, Havaldar, Naik)
Answer:
Sarnobat

Question 3.
One of the excellent sea forts was ________ (Sindhudurga, Padmadurga, Rajgad)
Answer:
Sindhudurga

Question 4.
______ looked after the storage of food grains and maintenance of war material on the fort. (Killedar, Karkhanis, Sabnis)
Answer:
Karkhanis

Question 5.
______ was the backbone of rural economy. (Navy, Agriculture, Army)
Answer:
Agriculture

Question 6.
Shivaji Maharaj appointed a _______ Council of Ministers. (four, eight, seven)
Answer:
Eight

Question 7.
Shivaji Maharaj knew the importance of __________ (trade, agriculture, industries)
Answer:
agriculture

Name the following:

Question 1.
He is the chief of the infantry.
Answer:
Sarnobat

Question 2.
Officers of infantry.
Answer:
(a) Havaldar
(b) Jumledar

Question 3.
Two type of cavalrymen.
Answer:
(a) Shiledars
(b) Bargirs

Question 4.
Number of forts in Swaraj.
Answer:
300 Forts

Question 5.
Number of ships of various kind in Navy.
Answer:
400 ships

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Which officers were there on the forts?
Answer:
There was a Killedar, Sabnis and a Karkhanis on every fort.

Question 2.
Which were the hill forts built by Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
(i) Pratapgad
(ii) Pavangad
(iii) Rajgad

Question 3.
Name the battleships in the Navy of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
(i) Gurab
(ii) Galbat
(iii) Pal

Question 4.
What were the two types of cavalrymen?
Answer:
(i) The Shiledar with his own horse and weapons
(ii) The Bargirs who were provided with a horse and weapons by the state.

Question 5.
Who were the Chief Naval Commanders?
Answer:
Maynak Bhandari and Daulatkhan were the Chief Naval Commanders.

Question 6.
Name the enemies on the west coast, who created obstacles in the expansion of Swaraj.
Answer:

• The Portuguese of Goa
• The Siddi of Janjira
• The British factors of Surat
• The Rajapur.

Question 7.
What constituted the ‘Ashtapradhan Mandal’?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj appointed a council of eight ministers handling the affairs of eight different departments. These eight heads of department constituted the Ashtapradhan Mandal.

Question 8.
How did Shivaji Maharaj appoint the council of ministers?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj appointed the council on the basis of their merits and achievements, and they were paid handsome salaries.

Question 9.
How did Shivaji Maharaj describe the merchants?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj described the merchants as “Merchants are the ornaments of the kingdom and the glory of the king”.

Question 10.
Name some of the famous sarnobats (officers) of the cavalry.
Answer:

• Netaji Palkar
• Prataprao
• Gujar
• Hambirrao Mohite.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj encouraged trade.
Answer:

• Shivaji knew that a kingdom does not prosper if the trade does not increase.
• Necessary goods could be brought in the kingdom.
• Goods were available in plenty.
• Prosperity of trade increased the wealth.

Question 2.
Shivaji Maharaj protected the salt industry in Konkan.
Answer:

• At that time, traders imported salt from the Portuguese territory and sold in Swaraj.
• They paid heavy duty on the salt.
• That affected the local trade in Konkan areas. Hence Shivaji Maharaj protected the salt Industry in Konkan.

Question 3.
Forts were of great importance.
Answer:

• Possession of a fort made it possible to keep an eye on the surrounding area.
• In case of a foreign invasion, it was possible to protect the people by taking shelter in the fort.
• It was possible to stock the fort with food grains, war materials, ammunition and military garrison.
• Hence forts were of great importance.

Write about the following in your own words:

Question 1.
Bahirji Naik
Answer:

• Bahirji Naik was the head of the intelligence department.
• He was extremely skilled in his job.
• He collected accurate and detailed information about the subject.

Question 2.
Ashtapradhan Mandal of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:

Name of the Minister	Designation	Work
1. Moro Trimbak Pingle	Pradhan	Run the administration and make arrangement for the conquered territories.
2. Ramchandra Nilkanth Muzumdar	Amatya	Keeping the accounts of the state.
3. Annaji Datto	Sachiv	To prepare royal edicts.
4. Dattaji Trimbak Waknis	Mantri	Correspondence
5. Hambirrao Mohite	Senapati	Organisation of the Army and protecting the kingdom.
6. Ramchandra Trimbak Dabir	Sumant	Foreign relation.
7. Niraji Rawaji	Nyayadhish	Dispense justice.
8. Moreshwar Panditrao	Panditrao	Look after religious matters.

Lets Learn:

Obtain information about the Armed Forces of India

Question 1.
State the names of the three Armed forces.
Answer:

• The Indian Army
• The Indian Navy
• The Indian Air force

Question 2.
What is the designation of the head of each forces?
Answer:

• The Indian Army – General
• The Indian Navy – Admiral
• The Indian Air force – Air Chief Marshal

Question 3.
Who is the head of all the three forces?
Answer:
The President of India is the head of all the three forces.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Find it from the chapter:

Std 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Question 1.
Grave dangers in the life of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:

• The meeting with Afzalkhan.
• The siege of Panhala.
• The attack on Shaistakhan.
• The escape from Agra.

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Question 2.
They risked their life at the time when the Maharaj escaped from Agra.
Answer:
(a) Hiroji Farjand
(b) Madari Meheter

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
What warning did Shivaji Maharaj issue to the Deshmukh of Rohida Valley?
Answer:
Maharaj warned the Deshmukh of the Rohida Valley not to fail in his duty to the ryot.

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Question Answer Question 4.
What inspiration can future generations draw ‘ from the life of Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
The future generation will continue to draw inspiration from the work of Shivaji Maharaj, who laid the foundation of Swaraj and turning ,
it into Surajya, as an ideal and a source of inspiration.

2. Write about it in your own words:

8. An Ideal Ruler Question 1.
the Deshmukh to avoid any loss of the ryot?
Answer:

• Maharaj warned the Deshmukh of the Rohida Valley not to fail in his duty to the Ryot.
• He told him to visit every village and shift people to a safe place down the ghats.
• He strictly told him not to delay even for a moment.

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Question 2.
How do we know that his religious policy was that of tolerance?
Answer:
(i) The Maharaj had to struggle against the Islamic rulers such the Adilshahi, the Mughals and the Siddis. But he considered the Muslims in Swaraj as his own people.

(ii) While meeting Afzalkhan, Siddi Ibrahim was a servant in his army.

(iii) Siddi Hilal was a soldier in the army.

(iv) Daulatkhan was an important officer in his navy.

(v) During the campaign, the soldiers were instructed not to harm a mosque. If they came in possession of a copy of the Holy Quran, they should hand over the same with due respect to a Muslim.

An Ideal Ruler Question Answer Question 3.
Explain Shivaji Maharaj’s policy regarding the army.
Answer:

• There was strict discipline in the army.
• The soldiers were paid salaries regularly.
• They were paid cash and not jagirs.
• There was a strict order to the army that the valuable collected from the enemy territories were to be deposited with the government.
• Soldiers were honoured for their bravery.
• Maintenance of the families of soldiers who died in battles were looked after.
• He took care of the wounded soldiers and the enemy soldiers who had surrendered.

3. Give one word for:

8.An Ideal Ruler Question 1.
An important officer in the navy of Swaraj.
Answer:
Daulatkhan

An Ideal Ruler Question 2.
A Tamil poet who composed a poem on Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Subramanyam Bharati

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Chapter 8 Question 3.
Created an independent kingdom in Bundelkhand.
Answer:
Chhatrasal

8 An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Question 4.
He composed Powadas on the greatness of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Mahatma Jyotirao Phule

Activities:

1. Tell how you help your friend in his need.
2. List the places named after famous personalities.

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Question 1.
How is the waste in your area managed?
Answer:
(i) Recycling: The waste materials such as old newspaper pieces of glass, bottles, empty tins are sold and later are used by recycling it.

(ii) Many NGOs are working for waste management. They are helping the rag pickers to collect the recycling waste from the door steps, rather than collecting from the soil in the bad and dirty condition.
Creating Awareness for waste management.

• Use cloth bags instead of plastic.
• Bye food that has less packaging.
• Reduce paper usage.
• Separating the dry and the wet waste in separate bins.

Question 2.
State the name of the machinery that looks after waste management.
Answer:
BMC: Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation.

Think about it:

Question 1.
Why is it necessary to grow trees?
Answer:

• Trees are very important on this planet.
• They give us oxygen, store carbon.
• They stabilise the soil and gives life.
• They absorb carbon dioxide and harmful gases such as sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide from air.
• They provide habitat and food for birds and other animals.
• They provide us the materials for tools and shelter

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate word from the options given below:

Question 1.
______ was an important officer in the navy of the Swaraj. (Daulatkhan, Siddi Hilal, Tanaji Malusare)
Answer:
Daulatkhan

Question 2.
The Maharaj inspired _______ to create an independent kingdom in Bundelkhand. (Chhatrasal, Jim Mahal, Daulatkhan)
Answer:
Chhatrasal

Question 3.
_______ was a Sardar in the army of the Maharaj. (Siddi Ibrahim, Siddi Hilal, Daulatkhan)
Answer:
Siddi Hilal

Question 4.
______ has written a book about the greatness of Maharaj. (Pandit fawaharlal Nehru, Kahfikhan, Lala Lajpatrai)
Answer:
Lala Lajpatrai

Question 5.
__________ sacrificed his life while conquering Sinhagad. (Hiroji Farjand, Jiva Mahal, Tanaji Malusare)
Answer:
Tanaji Malusare

Question 6.
________ crossed the sledge of Panhalagad in disguise of Shivaji Maharaj. (kind, cash, gold)
Answer:
Shiva Kashid

Question 7.
Maharaj made arrangements to pay the salaries of soldiers in _______ (Shiva Kashid, Tanaji Malusare, Kanhoji)
Answer:
cash

Question 8.
_______ described in his powadas the greatness of Shivaji Maharaj. (Lokmanya Tilak, Mahatma jyotirao Phule, Lola Lajpatrai)
Answer:
Mahatma Jyotirao Phule

Give one word for:

Question 1.
Built sea forts and created a navy.
Answer:
Sindhudurg

Question 2.
Written long poem on Maharaj.
Answer:
Vishwakavi Rabindranath Tagore.

Answer in one or two sentences each:

Question 1.
Which powers ruled over Maharashtra before the foundation of Swaraj?
Answer:
Adilshahi, the Portuguese and Mughal powers ruled over Maharashtra.

Question 2.
Which four major dangers did Shivaji Maharaj face?
Answer:
(a) Meeting with Afzalkhan
(b) Siege of Panhala
(c) Attack on Shaistakhan
(d) Escape from Agra

Question 3.
What had Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said about Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
“The Maharaj did not belong to Maharashtra alone, he belonged to the whole Indian nation”, was said by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 4.
What shows that Shivaji Maharaj was a great environmentalist?
Answer:
(a) The garbage in his fort was burnt in an allotted space.
(b) Even vegetables had to be grown on its ash. These lines show that Shivaji Maharaj was a great environmentalist.

Question 5.
Mention few qualities of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj had innumerable qualities like leadership, management, foresight, political diplomacy, military administration, loyalty towards truth and justice, etc.

Question 6.
Which actions of Shivaji Maharaj prove that he was a pioneer of a new era?
Answer:
Maharaj established Swaraj while fighting against many enemies. This action itself proves that he was a pioneer of a new era.

Question 7.
What did Shivaji Maharaj aim to establish?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj aimed at establishing and maintaining an independent and sovereign existence, that did not accept the dominance of any power.

Question 8.
What was deeply installed in Shivaji Maharaj’s mind?
Answer:
The teachings of his parents towards the establishmnet of Swaraj and ethics were deeply instilled in his mind.

Question 9.
How did Tagore see Shivaji Maharaj’s efforts of founding Swaraj?
Answer:
Tagore saw his efforts on founding Swaraj as efforts for realizing a noble cause.

Find it from the chapter:

Question 1.
What advice did Shivaji Maharaj give theageing Kanhoji when he fell ill?
Answer:
When the ageing Kanhoji fell ill, Maharaj told him not to neglect his medicines or treatment on any account.

Write about the following in your own words:

Question 1.
What inspiration can you draw from Shivaji Maharaj’s life?
Answer:
(i) Future generation will continue to look upon the work of Shivaji Maharaj of founding the Swaraj and turning it into Surajya as an ideal and a source of inspiration.

(ii) Shivaji Maharaj was a great National Hero.

(iii) All Indian languages have works that talk about him as an ideal ruler and a source of inspiration.

Question 2.
Organisational skills of the Maharaj.
Answer:
The organisational skills of the Maharaj were unparallel and for this he had his royal associates.

• Jiva Mahala killed Sayyid Banda during the meeting with Afzalkhan.
• Bajiprabhu Deshpande blocked the advances of the enemy on the way to Vishalgad.
• Murarbaji Deshpande defended the fort of Purandar.
• Tanaji Malusare sacrificed his life while conquering Sinhagad.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write answers to the following questions in your own words:

Question a.
Why is the weight of the same object different on different planets?
Answer:
The weight of the same object is different on different planets because weight depends on the gravitational force of the planet and gravitational force on every planet is different so the weight also differs from planet to planet.

Question b.
What precautions will you take to make accurate measurements in day-to-day affairs?
Answer:
Following precautions will be taken to make accurate measurements in day to day affairs:

1. The balance should carry the stamp of standardisation by the department of weights and measures.
2. Balance should be stable and the pointer of the balance should be upright.
3. The underside of the pan should not be tampered with any other weight or layers of other metal.
4. The weight should be made of metal.

Question c.
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Answer:

Mass	Weight
1. The amount of matter present in a substance is called mass.	1. The gravitational force that acts on this mass is called its weight.
2. It is a scalar quantity.	2. It is a vector quantity.
3. Mass remains same everywhere on the earth.	3. Weight changes from place to place on the ‘        earth.

2. Who is my companion? 

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement Of Physical Quantities Exercise Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Velocity	a. Litre
2. Area	b. Kilogram
3. Volume	c. metre/second
4. Mass	d. kilogram/cubic metre
5. Density	e. square metre

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Velocity	c. metre/second
2. Area	e. square metre
3. Volume	a. Litre
4. Mass	b. Kilogram
5. Density	d. kilogram/cubic metre

3. Explain giving examples. 

Question a.
Scalar quantity:
Answer:
A quantity that can be completely expressed by its magnitude alone is called a scalar quantity, e.g. length, breadth, area, mass, temperature, density, time, work. In all these examples a value with a unit is used to express quantities. Thus, we say that the length of a tunnel is 2 km.

Question b.
Vector quantity:
Answer:
The quantity that is expressed completely only.’ v when magnitude and direction are both given is called a vector quantity. Displacement, velocity are vector quantities e.g. a displacement of 20 km towards north, the aeroplane flying at a velocity of 500 km/hr towards Mumbai.

4. Explain, giving examples, the errors that occur while making measurements.

Question a.
Explain, giving examples, the errors that occur while making measurements.
Answer:
Major causes of errors in measurement are:

1. Not using the appropriate device.
2. Not using the device properly.

Example: While buying things at grocery shops and the vegetable market remember to look out for the following:

• The balance should carry the stamp of standardisation by the department of weights and measures.
• Balance should be stable. The pointer of the balance should be upright.
• No changes should be done on the underside of the pan of the balance.
• Weight should be made up of metals and it has to be standardized.

5. Give reasons:

Question a.
It is not proper to measure quantities by using body parts as units.
Answer:
It is not proper to measure quantities by using body parts as units because length of the body parts changes from person to person, so accurate measurement can not be found with the body parts as units.

Question b.
It is necessary to get the weights and measures standardized at regular intervals.
Answer:
It is necessary to get the weights and measures standardized at regular intervals because of that accurate weight and measurement can be taken. Errors will be avoided.

6. Explain the need for accurate measurement and the devices to be used for that.

Question a.
Explain the need for accurate measurement and the devices to be used for that.
Answer:

1. Measurement of substances that are precious or of great importance and used in very small quantities is done meticulously and accurately.
2. Due to advancements in technology, devices that measure very small magnitudes of quantities like distance, mass, time and temperature are available now.
3. e.g. distance and time in connection with very important sports competitions, mass of gold, body temperature etc.
4. Devices to be used for this are thermometer, digital balance (Analytical balance) etc.

Project:

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 1.
Collect information about various physical quantities used in day-to-day life and the devices used for their measurement.

Class 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement of Physical Quantities Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Std 7 Science Chapter 6 Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 1.
The amount of matter present in a substance is called ………………. .
Answer:
mass

Measurement Of Physical Quantities Class 7 Exercise Question 2.
…………. is the qualitative measure of the inertia of an object.
Answer:
mass

6. Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 3.
The larger the mass, the ……………. is the inertia.
Answer:
greater

6.Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 4.
Mass is a …………… quantity.
Answer:
scalar

Physical Quantities And Measurement Class 7 Question 5.
…………… does not change from place to place anywhere in the world.
Answer:
mass

Measurement Of Physical Quantities Class 7 Question 6.
The gravitational force that acts on a mass is called its ……………. .
Answer:
weight

6 Measurement Of Physical Quantities Question 7.
Wright is a …………… quantity.
Answer:
vector

Question 8.
System International (SI) is also called ………….. .
Answer:
metric system

Question 9.
In Egypt in ancient times, the distance from a man’s elbow to the tip of his middle finger was called a ………… .
Answer:
cubit

Question 10.
Gold was weighed in a unit called …………… .
Answer:
gun

Who is my companion?

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Gold	a. Hour glass
2. Time	b. Vector
3. Distance	c. Gunj
4. Weight	d. Cubit

Answer

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Gold	c. Gunj
2. Time	a. Hour glass
3. Distance	d. Cubit
4. Weight	b. Vector

Say whether true or false. Correct and rewrite the false statements:

Question 1.
The standards of the six fundamental units are kept in the National Physical Laboratory at New Delhi.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Matter has a natural tendency to resist a change in its state, which is called inertia.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Weight and mass are both equal quantities.
Answer:
False. Weight and mass are both different quantities

Question 4.
Work is a vector quantity.
Answer:
False. Work is a scalar quantity

Question 5.
Velocity is a scalar quantity.
Answer:
False. Velocity is a vector quantity

Question 6.
Unit of time in both the systems is second.
Answer:
True

Question 7.
Unit of mass in C.G.S. system is kilogram
Answer:
False. Unit of mass in C.G.S. system is gram

Question 8.
Symbol of unit of second is sec.
Answer:
False. Symbol of unit of second is ‘s’

Question 9.
1 cubic foot means 28.317 ml
Answer:
False. 1 cubic foot means 28.317 litres.

Question 10.
Vector quantity requires magnitude only.
Answer:
False. Vector quantity required magnitude and direction both.

Give scientific reasons:

Question 1.
Weight of our body on the moon is less than that on the earth.
Answer:

1. Gravitational power of moon is less than the earth.
2. Weight depends on the gravitational power of that place.
3. Since the gravitational power of the moon is less than that of the earth, the weight on moon is less than that on the earth.

Question 2.
Mass is a scalar quantity
Answer:
Mass is a scalar quantity because it can be completely expressed by its magnitude alone, so it is scalar quantity.

Question 3.
Weight is a vector quantity.
Answer:
Weight can be expressed completely only when magnitude and direction are both given so weight is a vector quantity.

Distinguish between the following:

Question 1.
Scalar quantity and Vector quantity
Answer:

Scalar quantity	Vector quantity
1. A quantity that can be completely expressed by its magnitude alone is called a scalar quantity.	1. The quantity that is expressed completely only when magnitude and direction are both given is called a vector quantity.
2. e.g. mass, length, area, breadth, density, time, work etc.	2. e.g. velocity displacement

Question 2.
M.K.S. system and C.G.S. system
Answer:

M.K.S. system	C.G.S. system
1. In this system distance is measured in metres, mass in kilograms and time in seconds.	1. In this system distance is measured in centimetres, mass in grams and time in seconds.
2. e.g. Unit of velocity is m/sec, Unit of area is square metre.	2. e.g. Unit of velocity is cm/sec, Unit of area is square centimetre.

Define the following:

1. Mass: The amount of matter present in a substance is called mass.
2. Inertia: Matter has a natural tendency to resist a change in its state, which is called Inertia.
3. Weight: The gravitational force that acts on the mass is called its weight.
4. Physical Quantities: The quantities in day to day life which can be measured are called physical quantities.
5. Standardization: The process of checking things against a standard measure from time to time is called standardization.

Write answers to the following questions in your own words.

Question 1.
What is an atomic clock?
Answer:
An extremely accurate type of clock which is regulated by the vibrations of an atomic or molecular system such as caesium atom or ammonia is called atomic clock. It is used to maintain standard times of countries accurately.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Why would the weight of an object be; maximum at the poles and minimum at the equator?
Answer:

1. The gravitational force that acts on the mass is called the weight.
2. The earth is not exactly spherical, it flattens at the poles.
3. As the distance increases the gravitational force decreases.
4. Therefore due to reduced distance at the poles compared to the equator, the weight is maximum at the poles than equator.

Question 2.
Why is the weight of an object at a high altitude less than its weight at the sea-level?
Answer:

1. The gravitational force that acts on the mass is called the weight.
2. The gravitational force is always inversely proportional to the distance.
3. So as the distance increases between the earth and the object, the gravitational force decreases.
4. The gravitational force by which the earth attracts an object towards its centre is called weight.
5. The weight at the sea-level is higher than at higher altitude, as the object is at a greater distance at higher altitudes compared to sea-level.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources of History Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the names of the following sources of history:

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources Of History Questions And Answers Question 1.
l _ _ _ _ d
Answer:
legend

Sources Of History Class 7 Question 2.
t _ _ _ _ h
Answer:
tarikh

Class 9 History Chapter 1 Sources Of History Questions And Answers Question 3.
b _ _ _ _ r
Answer:
bakhar

Sources Of History Class 7 Question Answer Question 4.
p _ _ _ _a
Answer:
Powada

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Question 5.
i _ _ _ _ i _ _ i _ n
Answer:
inscription

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Questions And Answers Question 6.
m _ _ u _ _ _ t
Answer:
monument

2. Let’s write:

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions  Question 1.
What do monuments include?
Answer:
Monuments include samadhis, graves and veergalas and buildings.

Class 8 History Chapter 1 Sources Of History Questions And Answers Question 2.
What is a Tarikh?
Answer:
Tarikh or Tavarikh means the sequence of events.

Sources Of History Question And Answer  Question 3.
What qualities of the author are important in the writing of history?
Answer:
The author’s integrity, impartiality and neutrality are very important in writing history.

3. Find the odd man out:

Bakhar Is A Source Of History  Question 1.
Material sources, written sources, unwritten sources, oral sources.
Answer:
unwritten sources

Chapter 1 Class 7 History Question 2.
Monuments, coins, cave sculptures, stories.
Answer:
stories

Class 7 History Chapter Question 3.
Bhurjapatra, temples, treatises, paintings.
Answer:
temples

Question 4.
Owis, tarikhs, folk tales, myths.
Answer:
tarikhs

4. Explain the following concepts:

Question 1.
Material sources
Answer:
Those authentic material evidences or proofs of the ancient period which support our study of historical events are called material sources of history, e.g. memorials, buildings, cave sculptures, inscription, coins, copper, plates, forts, etc.

Question 2.
Written sources
Answer:
Those authentic evidences or proof of the ancient period which are in written form are called written sources of history, e.g. Documents of proceedings in Courts of kings, genealogies, Shakavali, correspondence, dispatches, treatises, biographies, travelogues, chronicles, Tavarikh, etc.

Question 3.
Oral sources
Answer:
We understand various aspects of folk life through folk literature traditionally passed from generation to generation and they are known as oral sources of history, e.g. Myths, Folk songs, Gatha, Shlokas, Abhangas, Powadas Proverbs, Legends, etc.

5. Is it necessary to evaluate sources of history ? Give your opinion.
Answer:
(i) Yes, it is necessary to evaluate the sources of history.
(ii) Just because a source is old does not mean it is reliable or true. We should examine their authenticity and see which sources are genuine and which are fake.
(iii) We must evaluate its quality with the help of different methods and through critical analysis.
(iv) It is necessary to determine the integrity, impartiality and neutrality of the authors by knowing their personal interests, the period during which they lived and political pressures on them.

6. Write why in your words:

Question 1.
A stone inscription is considered to be an authentic source of history.
Answer:
A stone inscription, i.e. a carving on the stone is a very authentic source of history as it throws light on different features of the ancient time like the language of communication which existed, script used and the social, political and economic life of a period, etc.

Question 2.
Oral sources reveal various aspects of people’s lives.
Answer:
(i) Various aspects of folk life through folk literature passed on to us by our ancestors.
(ii) They are pearls of wisdom and they hold a wealth of knowledge about the past.
(iii) It throws light on the rich cultural life of the past and different art forms which were practised in those times.

Activity:

Visit any museum that is nearby. Gather information about the sources of history from the period that you are studying and record it in your activity book.

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources of History InText Questions and Answers

Formative Evaluation

Can you tell?

Question 1.
How do coins narrate history?
Answer:
(i) The coins made by different rulers using metals like gold, silver, copper are important sources of history.
(ii) From these coins we learn about the rulers, the period they ruled in, governance, religious ideas, personal details and use of language in that period.
(iii) Similarly, we also learn about the financial transactions and economic conditions, the advancement in metallurgy prevailing at that time.
(iv) From the images of Ram-Sita on the coins of Emperor Akbar or Shiva Parvati on the coins of Hyder Ali we see religious co-ordination of those days.

Speak your thoughts:

Question 1.
Suggest measures for preserving sources of history.
Answer:
(i) Written documents can be digitized and at the same time the original source should be preserved.
(ii) Controlling moisture by storing artefacts in an encasement which is oxygen free can help in their preservation.
(iii) Museums and other institutions must put in place steps and measures to preserve material sources of history in a scientific manner.
(iv) Handling, storage and display of artefacts must be done with care.
(v) Artefacts and other sources must be kept locked and continuous monitoring must be ensured to avoid any loss.
If any artefacts show signs of deterioration, conservationist must be called in for restoration of the same.

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources of History Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate words from the options given below:

Question 1.
The period from the ninth century CE till the end of the eighteenth century is considered to be the _____ period of Indian history. (Ancient, Medieval, Modern)
Answer:
Medieval

Question 2.
History gives us a chronological, scientific and systematic account of ______ events. (past, present, future)
Answer:
past

Question 3.
Historical sources should be used judiciously and only after a ______. (thorough reading, indepth study, critical analysis)
Answer:
critical analysis

Question 4.
Veergala is a ________. (fort, monument, palace)
Answer:
monument

Question 5.
The Peshwas used the _______ language on their coins. (Arabic or Persian, Hindi or Sanskrit, Pali)
Answer:
Arabic or Persian

Question 6.
Travellers of other countries who came to India have written ______ or accounts of their travels, (biography, autobiography, travelogues)
Answer:
travelogues

Question 7.
Tavarikh or Tarikh means the ______. (information about past, sequence of events, dates)
Answer:
sequence of events

Question 8.
The author’s ______ is very important in writing history. (viexvpoint, perspective, impartiality and neu trality)
Answer:
impartiality and neutrality

Question 9.
An, _____ is a carving on a stone, or a wall. (metal plate, inscription, edict)
Answer:
inscription

Question 10.
______ is a type of chronicle that originated in Maharashtra. (Bakhar, Myths, Travelogues)
Answer:
Bakhar

Find the odd man out:

Question 1.
Genealogies, Travelogue, Chronicles, Inscription.
Answer:
Inscription

Question 2.
Churches, Temples, Mosques, Myths
Answer:
Myths

Name the following:

Question 1.
The subject which gives us a chronological, scientific and systematic account of past events.
Answer:
History.

Question 2.
Any two metals used by different rulers in the past to make coins.
Answer:
Gold, Silver

Question 3.
One place in Tanjavur where inscriptions are found.
Answer:
Brihadishwara temple premises.

Question 4.
Two things inscribed on copper plates.
Answer:
(a) Royal edicts
(b) Verdicts

Question 5.
Any two scripts used in the Medieval period.
Answer:
(a) Devanagari
(b) Arabic

Question 6.
Written accounts of the travels by the travellers from other countries.
Answer:
Travelogues.

Question 7.
Any two travellers who visited India in the Medieval period.
Answer:
(a) A1 Biruni
(b) Ibn Batuta

Question 8.
Sanskrit biography of Shivaji Maharaj was composed by this poet.
Answer:
Paramanand.

Question 9.
A source of history which means the sequence of events.
Answer:
Tavarikh or Tarikh.

Question 10.
Two people who compiled Tavarikh.
Answer:
(a) A1 Biruni
(b) Ziauddin Barani.

Question 11.
A type of chronicle that originated in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Bakhar.

Question 12.
Any two chronicles written in Marathi.
Answer:
(a) Mahikavatichi Bakhar
(b) Sabhasad Bakhar

Question 13.
Any two contemporary western historians.
Answer:
(a) Robert Arm
(b) Grant Duff

Question 14.
Any two oral sources of history.
Answer:
(a) Owis
(b) Folk songs

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What information does history give us?
Answer:
History gives us a chronological and systematic account of past events.

Question 2.
What must history be based on?
Answer:
History must be based on authentic evidence or proofs which are known as sources of history.

Question 3.
What are the different sources of history?
Answer:
Material sources, written sources and oral sources are the three different sources of history.

Question 4.
How should we use different sources of history?
Answer:
We have to use the different sources of history judiciously and only after critical analysis.

Question 5.
What do we learn when we look at forts and monuments built in the past?
Answer:
When we look at the forts and monuments we come to know about the development of architecture, the economic conditions, the quality of art, style of the building construction and people’s standard of living in that particular period.

Question 6.
Why is an inscription considered to be a very important and reliable source of history?
Answer:
An inscription is considered to be a very important and reliable source of history because it helps us to understand features like the language, script, social life of a period etc.

Question 7.
What are known as copper plates?
Answer:
Inscriptions carved on sheets of copper are known as ‘copper plates’.

Question 8.
How do we understand various aspects of folk life?
Answer:
We understand various aspects of folk life through folk literature traditionally passed from generation to generation.

Explain the following terms:

Question 1.
History
Answer:
History is a chronological, scientific and systematic account of past events.

Question 2.
An inscription
Answer:
An inscription is a carving on a stone or a wall.

Question 3.
Tavarikh or Tarikh
Answer:
Tavarikh or Tarikh means the sequence of events.

Question 4.
Bakhar
Answer:
Bakhar is a type of chronicle that originated in Maharashtra.

Question 5.
Chronicles
Answer:
Chronicles are written sources of history which help in understanding aspects like the contemporary political happenings, linguistic transaction, cultural life, social conditions, etc.

Classify the following into Material sources, Written sources and Oral sources of history:

Question 1.
Ornaments, Fort, Owis, Myths, Utensils, Folk songs, Weapons, Travelogue, Well, Biographies, Clothing, Powada, Copper plate, Folk tales, Coins, Shloka, Temples, Books
Answer:

Written Sources	Material Sources	Oral Sources
Books, Travelogue, Copper plate, Coins, Temples	Ornaments, Forts, Utensils, Weapons, Well, Clothing	Owis, Myths, Folk songs, Hearsays, Powada, Folk tales, Shloka

Complete the following diagrams:

Question 1.

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Question 2.

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Question 3.

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