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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 24 Substances, Objects and Energy Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 24 Substances, Objects and Energy

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 24 Substances, Objects and Energy Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question a.
We need to make a sherbet quickly for some guests. But we only have sugar candy in the house.
Answer:
We can pound sugar candy into a fine powder. When the powder is fine, it will quickly dissolve in water. Therefore we can make sherbet quickly.

Question b.
We need to rub salt on a corncob but only salt crystals are available.
Answer:
We can pound salt crystals. Either we can use mortar pestle or we can also crush the crystals of salt in a grinder. Such powdered salt can be easily applied on the corncob.

2. Use your brain power!

Question a.
Why do tablets of camphor decrease in size day by day ?
Answer:
Tablets of Camphor are in solid state. Camphor has a property to turn into gaseous state directly from a solid state. Therefore, camphor decreases in size gradually. One can also notice the fragrance of camphor as it turns into vapour.

Question b.
How do we save fuel by using public transport ?
Answer:
Each automobile vehicle needs fuel either in the form of petrol, diesel, or CNG. If all the people use a separate vehicle, the amount of fuel consumed would be much more. If many people start using public transport, fuel consumption would be reduced. A single bus or a train can carry many people and thus it can save lots of fuel.

3. Answer the following questions.

Question a.
When and why do clothes smell of naphthalene?
Answer:
The naphthalene balls are continuously converted into small particles in the gaseous state. These particles settle down on the clothes in which they are kept. Therefore if naphthalene balls are kept for a long time in the clothes, they smell of naphthalene due to these particles.

Question b.
In which states is water found in nature?
Answer:
Water is found in all three states in nature, solid, liquid and gaseous state. Ice is the solid state of water. Water in lakes, sea etc. are in liquid state and steam or vapour is the gaseous state of water.

Question c.
What is the difference between the solid, liquid and gaseous states of a substance?
Answer:
The differences in the solid, liquid and gaseous state of substances is given in the table below:

Question d.
What is meant by energy?
Answer:
The capacity to do the work is called energy.

Activities :

Question 1.
Make different kinds of articles from clay.

Question 2.
Visit a wood workshop and observe the work being done there.

Question 3.
Obtain some information about the power generation plants in Maharashtra and present it in the classroom.

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 24 Substances, Objects and Energy Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blank with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
All substances we see around us are made up of very tiny ………
(a) dust
(b) particles
(c) mud
Answer:
(b) particles

Question 2.
…………….. of particles of any substance must come together to form a particle that can be visible to our eyes.
(a) Lakhs
(b) Thousands
(c) Hundreds
Answer:
(a) Lakhs

Question 3.
Naphthalene balls which are kept open are continuously converted to small particles in the …… state.
(a) liquid
(b) solid
(c) gaseous
Answer:
(c) gaseous

Question 4.
Different substances have different …………..
(a) material
(b) properties
(c) code
Answer:
(b) properties

Question 5.
…………… is required to do work.
(a) Energy
(b) Strength
(c) Health
Answer:
(a) Energy

Question 6.
When something burns energy is released in the form of …………..
(a) heat
(b) rain
(c) cold
Answer:
(a) heat

Question 7.
Energy in the form of motion is called ……… energy.
(a) Kinesthetic
(b) Kinetic
(c) Solar
Answer:
(b) Kinetic

Question 8.
Stores of …………….. and ……. which are used as fuels, on earth are limited.
(a) mineral oil
(b) uranium
(c) coal
Answer:
(a) mineral oil, (c) coal

Question 9.
Energy obtained from sun is called …………… energy
(a) lunar
(b) solar
(c) tidal
Answer:
(b) solar

Question 10.
Energy obtained by breaking the tiniest particle of a substance is called …
(a) solar
(b) atomic
(c) kinetic
Answer:
(b) atomic

Question 11.
Sunlight, wind and water are ……………. sources of energy
(a) exhaustible?
(b) depleting
(c) non-exhaustible
Answer:
(c) non-exhaustible

Question 12.
When iron or copper is made smooth with a file, we get …………….. of iron or copper.
(a) particles
(b) soil
(c) saudust
Answer:
(a) particles

Question 13.
Liquids are also made of small…….
(a) droplets
(b) particles
(c) dust
Answer:
(b) particles

Question 14.
…………… is found in three states – solid, liquid and gaseous.
(a) Mineral oil
(b) Carbon
(c) Water
Answer:
(c) Water

Question 15.
In nature, every substance occurs in a………… state.
(a) special
(b) specific
(c) partial
Answer:
(b) specific

Question 16.
Aluminium and coal are is. ………. state.
(a) solid
(b) liquid
(c) gaseous
Answer:
(a) solid

Question 17.
Kerosene and petrol are in ……
(a) solid
(b) liquid
(c) gaseous
Answer:
(b) liquid

Question 18.
Nitrogen and Oxygen are in … ………….state.
(a) solid
(b) liquid
(c) gaseous
Answer:
(c) gaseous

Question 19.
The capacity of a body to do work is called
(a) work out
(b) energy
(c) exercise
Answer:
(b) energy

Question 20.
When petrol or diesel burns in a motor vehicle, …………… gets released.
(a) fire
(b) fuel
(c) energy
Answer:
(c) energy

Question 21.
Machines can be run using ……………….
(a) energy
(b) fuels
(c) water
Answer:
(b) fuels

Question 22.
Coal, diesel, CNG, LPG, petrol are all substances from which energy is obtained in form of
(a) heat
(b) rain
(c) cold
Answer:
(a) heat

Question 23.
When a person or vehicle moves, heat energy gets converted into …….
(a) electricity
(b) rain
(c) motion
Answer:
(c) motion

Question 24.
Electricity is also a form of ………….
(a) machine
(b) energy
(c) heat
Answer:
(b) energy

Question 25.
We use ……………. to run the T.V.
(a) wires
(b) plugs
(c) electricity
Answer:
(c) electricity

Question 26.
In a solar cooker …………………. energy is used.
(a) solar
(b) electricity
(c) L.P.G.
Answer:
(a) solar

Question 27.
Plants use……. to prepare their food.
(a) LPG
(b) induction
(c) sunlight
Answer:
(c) sunlight

Question 28.
When we burn substances like coal or mineral oil, the …………………. energy, they contain is converted into heat energy.
(a) solar
(b) stored
(c) lunar
Answer:
(b) stored

Question 29.
Stores of coal and mineral oil on earth are
(a) unlimited
(b) limited
(c) plenty
Answer:
(b) limited

Question 30.
………… batteries produce electricity using sunlight
(a) Water
(b) Solar
(c) Tidal
Answer:
(b) Solar

Name the following:

Question 1.
Any three substances found in solid state.
Answer:
Iron, copper, aluminium, wood

Question 2.
Three substances found in liquid state.
Answer:
Water, milk, cough syrup.

Question 3.
Three substances found in gaseous state.
Answer:
Naphthalene balls, iodine crystals

Question 4.
Substances which goes into gaseous state directly from solid state.
Answer:
Naphthalene balls

Question 5.
Properties of substances.
Answer:
Transparency, hardness, colour, smell, solubility in water.

Question 6.
Fuels used for running machines.
Answer:
LPG, CNG, coal, diesel, petrol.

Question 7.
Examples of kinetic energy.
Answer:
Moving wind mill, sailing boats, running water, moving car etc.

Question 8.
Forms of energy.
Answer:
Sound, heat, light, electricity.

Question 9.
Main source of energy used by us.
Answer:
Electricity

Question 10.
Energy sources which do not cause pollution
Answer:
Wind energy, solar energy.

Answer in one sentence :

Question 1.
What are all subtances made up of?
Answer:
All substances are made up of fine particles.

Question 2.
Why do naphthalene balls grow smaller in size and gradually disappear?
Answer:
Naphthalene when left open continuously gets converted into small gaseous particles, so, as these particles leave the naphthalene balls, they grow smaller is size and slowly disappear.

Question 3.
Which substance is found in all three states?
Answer:
Water is found in all three states – solid, liquid and gaseous.

Question 4.
What are the different properties of substance?
Answer:
Different substances have different properties, like hardness, transparency, colour, smell, solubility in water etc.

Question 5.
What is ‘energy?
Answer:
The capacity of a body to do work is called energy

Question 6.
How is energy released?
Answer:
When petrol or diesel burns in a motor vehicle, energy gets released.

Question 7.
Name some substance from which energy is obtained.
Answer:
Coal, diesel, CNG, LPG, petrol are all substances from which energy is obtained.

Question 8.
What is Kinetic energy?
Answer:
Energy in the form of motion is called Kinetic energy.

Question 9.
Why should we find alternate sources of energy?
Answer:
Stores of coal and mineral oil on earth are very limited and fast depleting therefore we must find alternate sources of energy.

Question 10.
What are solar batteries?
Answer:
Batteries which produce electricity using sunlight are called solar batteries.

Question 11.
Why should we make a habit of using minimum amount of electricity?
Answer:
In any method of electricity generation, resources from the environment have to be used. Hence, we should make a habit to conserve electricity

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
What uses of heat energy do we see in our daily life?
Answer:
We use heat energy to cook food, to heat water, to press our clothes, to keep us warm during cold winters in areas where temperature is very low, etc.

Question 2.
Why do tablets of camphor decrease in size day by day?
Answer:
Camphor particles present in the tablets escape by getting converted directly to gaseous state. Therefore the tablets of camphor decrease in size day by day.

Question 3.
How do we save fuel by using public transport?
Answer:
If people drive car instead of using public transport while going to work, more fuel will be burnt, as each car will burn the fuel to release energy and work. However if public transport is used. We need to use fuel, only for one transport vehicle. Hence it will save a lot of fuel if people use the public transport.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is meant by energy? Name the sources of energy
Answer:
The capacity of a body to do work is called energy. Energy is obtained by burning fuel is in the form of heat. This heat is used to do work. The sources of energy are the sun, coal, diesel, CNG, LPG, petrol, wind, moving water and electricity

Question 2.
What is the original source of energy for the electricity produced at a thermal power station? How is electricity generated?
Answer:
In a thermal power station coal is the original source of energy. Here coal is burnt to release heat. The heat generated is utilised to convert water to steam. Then steam is used to rotate the turbines. As the turbine rotates electricity is produced.

Can you tell?

1. Write a few lines on the black board with a chalk. Now observe the chalk.

Question a.
What change do you see in the chalk?
Answer:
The chalk becomes smaller in size, after writing.

Question b.
Why did the chalk become smaller in size after writing on the board?
Answer:
When we wrote on the board the pieces of chalk stick to board, therefore the chalk became smaller in size.

2. Wipe the board with a duster and then tap the duster against the table.

Question a.
What do you see?
Answer:
A fine white particles of chalk fell of the duster when we tapped it against the table.

Question b.
From where did these white particles come?
Answer:
When we rubbed the board, the chalk particles from the board stuck to the duster and when we tapped the duster these chalk particles fell.

Question c.
If there is a sudden shower, we take shelter under a roof on the road side. Even though the rain does not fall on us directly we get wet to some extent why?
Answer:
The raindrops slow down the roof and fall on the ground. They break into fine droplets when they fall and bounce off the ground. These droplets make us wet. Hence though the rain does not fall on us directly we get wet to some extent.

Question d.
Asmita went to buy an earthen pot. There she saw many things kept for sale. How did she identify what she needed? From what substance had the potter made all the things?
Answer:
Asmita identified the things kept from their shape and colour. The potter had made all the things using clay.

Question e.
What is the difference between a substance and an object?
Answer:
Difference between substance and object is given below:

Question f.
There is a car. Its tank is full of fuel, but it does not move. Why is that?
Answer:
The energy has to be released from the fuel to make the car move. The energy is released when the petrol burns. The petrol starts burning only after we turn on the car engine. Since the engine is not on, the car does not move even when its tank is full of fuel.

Question g.
When we have run a long distance, we feel tired. We have to stop. Why is that?
Answer:
We need energy to run. Hence when we run a long distance, the food present in the body is continuously burn to release energy. This energy is used to do the work of running. After running a long distance the food gets exhausted and the energy released decreases and therefore we feel tired and we stop.

Glossary :

1. fossil fuel – fuel formed in the earth o from plant or animal remains
2. exhaustible – the resources which can not be renewed or recycled
3. depleting – reduction in quantity
4. corncob – core of Indian com.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 22 Growth and Personality Development Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 22 Growth and Personality Development

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 22 Growth and Personality Development Textbook Questions and Answers

1. What’s the solution?

Question 1.
What’s the solution?
Kabir wants to be a professor of zoology. What can he do today to prepare for that?
Answer:
Kabir should study regularly and sincerely. He should read various books on animals. He should learn to speak in public by participating in elocution competition. Also he should do the project work given by the teacher and explain it in the class to his friends. By doing all these things he will develop all the skills necessary for becoming a professor.

2. Use your brain power!

Question (a)
What skills do we already have before we leam to ride bicycle?
Answer:
Before riding a bicycle we know to walk, run, jump, climb, skip and hop. Hence we are able to climb and sit on the bicycle and balance it by touching the ground with our legs.

Question (b)
Suman wishes to run a restaurant of her own in the future. Which of the skill she is learning today will be of use in her future occupation?
Answer:
The following skill mentioned below which she is learning today will be of help to Suman: The skill of cooking meals, writing down the recipe, keeping an account of the money spent, making the list of grocery item needed, serving food, packing food, cleaning the table etc. are some of the few skills which will help her to run a restaurant in future.

3. Answer the following questions:

Question (a)
What is meant by heredity? (Explain)
Answer:
People of one family show similarities in physical characteristics in many ways. Some features or traits are like our grandparents, some like our parents and some like our brothers and sisters. Being bom with certain features or traits in common with the members of our family is called heredity.

Question (b)
What differences do we see between children in preprimary classes and children in standard?
Answer:
Preprimary children are not able to read and write. They cannot dress on their own, they cannot tie shoe laces, comb their hair etc. They are dependent on their mother, teachers, and Aya for everything. Whereas a standard child can read and write, dress on his own, he can do most of the routine work independently.

Question (c)
What changes take place in us from birth till adulthood?

Question (d)
Name any three skills you have acquired.
Answer:
The skills that I have acquired are skipping, jumping, reading, writing, cycling etc.

Question (e)
What is meant by physical growth?
Answer:
Growing in height and weight from childhood to adulthood is called physical growth.

4. True or false?

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are true or false:
(a) A baby gradually learn to perform newly learnt tasks without making mistake.
(b) At, birth we already learn all skills.
(c) We cannot manage all our tasks entirely by overselves.
(d) Our height manage all our tasks entirely by oversieves.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 22 Growth and Personality Development Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blank with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
All living things eat grow ………………… .
(a) physically
(b) spritually
(c) mentally
Answer:
(a) physically

Question 2.
Human beings grow in height and weight from birth to ………………….. .
(a) childhood
(b) adulthood
(c) teens
Answer:
(b) adulthood

Question 3.
When a person begins to do a task more easily without doing mistake his ……………… increase.
(a) inefficiency
(b) practicality
(c) efficiency
Answer:
(c) efficiency

Question 4.
The greater the number of skills we learn, the less is our …………………. on others.
(a) independence
(b) effort
(c) dependence
Answer:
(c) dependence

Question 5.
We must all learn to take ……………….. for doing our personal tasks ourselves.
(a) responsibility
(b) jobs
(c) irresponsibility
Answer:
(a) responsibility

Question 6.
The features and traits that we possess right from the time we are born are known as……………….. traits.
(a) inborn
(b) inherited
(c) physical
Answer:
(b) inherited

Question 7.
Our personality develops through our …………………. and ……………….. .
(a) efforts
(b) strength
(c) interest
Answer:
(c) interest, (a) efforts

Question 8.
Only when ………………….. are put into practice, we can say the personality developed in excellent.
(a) good thoughts/values
(b) vices
(c) bad thoughts
Answer:
(a) good thoughts/values

Question 9.
Lack of …………….. also affects growth adversely even if we take nutritious food.
(a) money
(b) exercise
(c) jewellery
Answer:
(b) exercise

Question 10.
We can live an independent useful and enriched life with the help of ………………. .
(a) property
(b) skills
(c) vices
Answer:
(b) skills

Question 11.
Small babies ………………. do anything for themselves.
(a) can
(b) cannot
(c) able to
Answer:
(b) cannot

Question 12.
Achieving control of one’s …………………. or learning to do something new is called ‘learning a skill’.
(a) limbs
(b) movements
(c) arms
Answer:
(b) movements

Question 13.
Everyday, we keep …………….. .
(a) repeating
(b) walking
(c) learning
Answer:
(c) learning

Question 14.
With age our ……………… strength also increases.
(a) spiritual
(b) mental
(c) physical
Answer:
(c) physical

Question 15.
Animals learn only a certain number of ……………….. in their life.
(a) skills
(b) hunting
(c) steps
Answer:
(a) skills

Question 16.
Our height grows till we are about …………………. years old.
(a) 15
(b) 18
(c) 20
Answer:
(b) 18

Question 17.
People of one family show ……………….. in many ways.
(a) similarities
(b) dissimilar
(c) bonding
Answer:
(a) similarities

Question 18.
No one has any …………………. over which traits we will inherit and which we will not.
(a) tolerance
(b) control
(c) hand
Answer:
(b) control

Question 19.
We …………….. the ability to learn many skills.
(a) inherit
(b) remember
(c) copy
Answer:
(a) inherit

Question 20.
………………… our skills helps us to live an independent, useful and enriching life.
(a) Working out
(b) Practising
(c) Developing
Answer:
(c) Developing

Question 21.
Food is necessary for ……………….. .
(a) body
(b) growth
(c) diet
Answer:
(b) growth

Question 22.
Along with nutritious food, adequate ………………….. is also necessary for growth and development.
(a) skills
(b) cycling
(c) exercise
Answer:
(c) exercise

Question 23.
Lack of exercise ……………… growth adversely.
(a) effects
(b) affects
(c) defects
Answer:
(b) affects

Question 24.
Each person has every right to get the opportunity to make progress and ……………. their own life.
(a) bench
(b) prosperous
(c) enrich
Answer:
(c) enrich

Question 25.
Our physical and mental make up is not the ………………… as that of anyone else.
(a) different
(b) same
(c) similar
Answer:
(b) same

Question 26.
Our ……………….. develops through our interests and efforts.
(a) personality
(b) excellence
(c) exercise
Answer:
(a) personality

Question 27.
Our personality can be said to be …………….. only when we put good thoughts into practice.
(a) weak
(b) average
(c) excellent
Answer:
(c) excellent

Question 2.
State whether the following statements are true or false:

1. The child is motivated to practice an activity again and again when he is praised for trying to carry out the activity.
2. Animals go on learning many skills throughout their life.
3. In a family all the brothers and sisters are identical.
4. A baby learn to walk and run only after his parents teach him.
5. If a baby is not able to walk and talk by the time it is two years, then growth and development of the baby is not taking place properly.
6. Learning various skills makes us independent as it helps us to do various tasks on our own.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True

Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
What do you mean by ‘inherited’ traits?
Answer:
The traits with which we are bom, and are common with members of our family are called ‘inherited’ traits.

Question 2.
What things would you like to do just for recreation?
Answer:
I would like to play football, cricket or do drawing, painting, or read a story book.

Question 3.
Which are the skills that a child of Std V should learn so that he can get ready for school without depending on his mother’s help?
Answer:
He should leam to wear his own tie, tie his shoes laces, wear shoes and socks, comb his hair, wear his clothes on his own. So that he can get ready for school without depending on his mother for her help.

Question 4.
What is meant by addiction?
Answer:
When a particular skill or activity increases our dependence on it, by making us crave for repeating it again and again it is called addiction.

Question 5.
Name a few activities which lead to addiction and affect development of a child.
Answer:
Playing video games, eating gutka, paan masala, playing games on mobile, eating chocolates etc. are a few skills or activities which lead to addiction and have bad effects on the development of a child.

Question 6.
What is learning a skill?
Answer:
Achieving control of one’s movements or leam to do something new is called ‘learning a skill’.

Question 7.
What is development?
Answer:
As we grow, our height, weight and physical strength increase, also we leam a lot of new skills. This progress we make is called development.

Question 8.
What skills do animals learn from their mothers?
Answer:
Animals learn from their mother, skills to obtain food, protect themselves from the sun, rain and from enemies.

Question 9.
How do people sometimes recognize us?
Answer:
People of one family show similarities, some of our features or traits are like those of our grandparents or our parent’s siblings. That is why sometimes people who know them recognize us.

Question 10.
What is heredity?
Answer:
Being bom with certain features or traits in common with the members of our family is ‘heredity’.

Question 11.
What leads to good development?
Answer:
We must study well, avoid addiction, develop hobbies, take part in sports, learn new skills. This way of life leads to good development.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Sayali is in the sixth standard. They are going for a picnic. Sayali’s Aai is going to make ladoos for the whole class. But she needs Sayali’s help. What can Sayali do to help?
Answer:
Sayali can make a list of the ingredients needed to make ladoos with the help of her mother. Sayali can assist her mother to give shape to the ladoos. Sayali can pack the ladoos in a tiffin box. This is how Sayali can help mother.

Question 2.
Many skills have been mentioned in this lesson up to now. Can you do without learning some of them? Which ones are necessary for any person?
Answer:
Yes, it is not necessary to leam all the skills. Everyone need not leam the skill of playing football, cook a meal, write a story, press clothes etc. However everyone should be able to eat with one’s own hand, wash one’s own face, have a bath, dressing oneself, reading a book, writing answers, communicate his thoughts etc.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
How many years does it take the young ones of the tiger/elephant to start living independently?
Answer:
The cub of a tiger starts living independently after 18 months. However sometimes it takes 2 years to 2 1/2 years also. The calf of an elephant starts living independently after 6 years. However sometimes they may become independent after 8-10 years also.

Question 2.
Explain what do you mean by development.
Answer:
As we grow, our height and weight increases. With age our physical strength also increase. We also keep learning more and more new skills. In this way every individual makes progress. ‘This is called development’.

Question 3.
Describe the factors that affect growth and development.
Answer:
The factors that affect growth and development are the food we eat, exercise and our values and behaviour.
1. The food that we eat: If we have nutritious food we gain strength and ability to learn various skills. We also grow tall and develop a good personality. If food is not nutritious we become malnourished and development and growth gets affected.
2. Exercise also brings about proper growth and development. Lack of exercise affects growth adversely.
3. Along with food and exercise it is important that we have Food values and we put it into practice. Our values and behaviour also affect development. Good thoughts put into practice make us an excellent personality.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Always playing video games or games on mobile is not good for development.
OR
Always playing video games has an adverse effect on personality.
Answer:
Always playing video games and games on mobile makes a person addicted to it. The person cannot think of anything else and looses concentration in other activities. The child playing these games cannot concentrate in studies, nor is he able to develop new good skills.

Seeing the violence in the video game the child does not get good thoughts. Hence due to all this, good development does not take place and it affects the child’s growth and personality adversely.

Can you tell:

Question 1.
Can an infant feed itself?
Answer:
No, the infant cannot feed itself. The mother has to feed the infant.

Question 2.
Can a two years old child fold clothes neatly?
Answer:
No, a two year old child cannot fold his clothes neatly. However if taught he can try to fold his handkerchief.

Question 3.
When do they learn to these task?
Answer:
The child learns to feed himself a when he is one year old. However he can feed himself properly without spilling after two years. The child can fold his clothes after he becomes five years old.

Question 4.
Which of the following things have you learnt to do? Which Ones have you yet to learn?
Answer:
The tasks which a fifth Std child can do are skipping on a rope, writing an essay, combing his hair, telling a story, using a computer, etc. The child may not be able to give a speech, riding a bicycle, swimming, counting money, climbing a tree etc.

Glossary:

1. traits – genetically determined characteristic
2. addiction – to become dependent on something.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements Tools Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following question in one sentence.

Question a.
Which animals did the Homo sapiens mainly hunt?
Answer:
The Homo sapiens mainly hunted small animals like the wild bear, deer, mountain goat and sheep.

Question b.
What is the characteristic of the New Stone Age?
Answer:
The beginning of cultivation is a characteristic of the New Stone Age culture.

2. Give reasons for the following.

Question a.
The diet of Homo sapiens underwent a change.
Answer:
The climate underwent change and became warmer.
Big animals like mammals were on the way to extinction. Therefore, the diet of the Homo sapiens underwent a change.

Question b.
Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place over longer periods of time.
Answer:

1. It was no longer necessary to wander from place to place in search of food.
2. They moved their camps to different places according to seasonal changes in climate. Thus, the Homo sapiens stayed in one place over a longer period of time.

3. Observe the reconstructed picture of a Middle Stone Age seasonal camp and answer the following.

Question a.
Describe the structure of the houses in the picture.
Answer:
The roof is inclining and is of thatched grass.

Question b.
What materials are used to construct the houses?
Answer:
Grass and wood have been used to construct the houses.

Question c.
What kind of jobs could the people in the seasonal camps have been doing?
Answer:
The people at the seasonal camp were engaged in fishing, agriculture, hunting, and making small boats.

4. Write about the effects on your life, of the seasonal changes in weather.

Question 1.
Write about the effects on your life, of the seasonal changes in weather.
Answer:
The seasonal changes in weather result in changes in my clothing. I wear warm clothes during winter and light cotton clothes in summer.
The seasonal changes in climate make me sick sometimes and I am forced to take medicines.
I cannot go out and play games with my friends in the rainy season.

5. Compare the New Stone Age village with a modern village.

Question 1.
Compare the New Stone Age village with a modern village.
Answer:

Activities :

a. Construct models of different types of houses.
b. Visit agricultural farms and collect information of the various agricultural tasks that farmers have to do.
c. Visit five different types of houses in your locality and collect information about the materials used in the construction of those houses.
d. With your teacher’s help, observe the continents shown on a world map or a globe and write short notes about them.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 7 From Shelters to Village-settlements Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.

1. The Neanderthals could protect themselves from the freezing temperatures because they wore ……… clothing and made
2. They used animal hides to erect ………. inside the caves for warmth
3. They also built………………… in the open.
4. In the Middle Stone Age groups of Homo sapiens established …………… all over the world.
5. At that time, the climate was getting …………….
6. With the change in environment, the ……….. of the Homo sapiens also changed.
7. Big animals like mammoth were on the way to…………….. .
8. The ………………… were hunted on a large scale.
9. Homo sapiens had largely turned to …………………… with hunting.
10. Homo sapiens hunted. ……… animals like boar, deer, mountain goat and sheep.
11. The changed diet pattern enabled the groups of Homo sapiens to………………. to faraway regions.
12. They moved their camps to different places according to ……………………. changes.
13. The Homo sapiens harvested seasonal wild grains and gathered seasonal and ………
14. They would find out the best seasons for ……………
15. By observation, they discovered the best ……………. grounds.
16. They ……………… in one place for longer periods.
17. They cleared jungles by felling trees and set up their ……… camps in the clearings.
18. The ways of life of …………………….. in the New Stone Age was completely different from that of humans in the Old Stone Age.
19. In the New Stone Age, humans became …………… of foodgrains.
20. The beginning of ……………….. is a characteristic of the culture of the New Stone Age.
21. In the ……………. way of life, it is necessary to keep moving all the time.
22. Agriculture made it possible to ………………… food and use it over a long period.
23. ………….. made it necessary to stay in one place.
24. People established …………. settlements and lived in them generation after generation.
25. In the Middle Stone Age, the climate was getting ………….
26. The Neanderthals used animal…………… to erect tents inside the caves for warmth.

Answer:

1. leather, fire
2. tents
3. huts
4. camps
5. warmer
6. diet
7. extinction
8. mammoth
9. fishing
10. smaller
11. oam
12. seasonal
13. fruits, roots
14. fishing
15. hunting
16. stayed
17. seasonal
18. humans
19. producers
20. cultivation
21. hunting, gathering
22. store
23. agriculture
24. permanent
25. warmer
26. hides

Answer each of the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
Why did the Neanderthals live in caves?
Answer:
The Neanderthals lived in caves because at that time the climate in Europe was extremely cold.

Question 2.
How did the Neanderthals protect themselves from the extreme cold climate?
Answer:
To protect themselves from the freezing temperature, the Neanderthals made fire for warmth and wore leather clothing.

Question 3.
What did the Neanderthals do to their caves to protect themselves from the freezing temperature?
Answer:
To protect themselves from the freezing temperature, they used animal hides to erect tents inside the caves for warmth.

Question 4.
Where did they live when it was warm?
Answer:
They built huts in the open to live when it was warm.

Question 5.
Where did the Middle Stone Age man establish their camps?
Answer:
The Middle Stone Age man established their camps all over the world.

Question 6.
Why did they establish their camps all over the world?
Answer:
As the climate was getting warmer and the environment was changing their lifestyle and diet were also changing and this enabled them establish their camps all over the world.

Question 7.
How did a huge animal like the mammoth get extinct?
Answer:
A huge animal like the mammoth got extinct because mammoths were hunted on a large scale.

Question 8.
Which smaller animals did the Middle Stone Age man hunt?
Answer:
The Middle Stone Age man hunted smaller animals like boar, deer, mountain goat and sheep.

Question 9.
What enabled the Homo sapiens to travel to faraway regions?
Answer:
Their changed diet pattern enabled groups of Homo sapiens to roam to faraway regions.

Question 10.
Why did the Homo sapiens move their camps to different places?
Answer:
The Homo sapiens moved their camps to different places according to the seasonal changes.

Question 11.
Other than hunting, how did the Homo sapiens acquire their food?
Answer:
Other than hunting, the Homo sapiens harvested seasonal wild grains and gathered seasonal fruits and roots.

Question 12.
Why did the Homo sapiens begin to fell trees?
Answer:
The Homo sapiens felled trees to clear the jungles and set up their seasonal camps in the clearings

Question 13.
What enabled the New Stone Age man to establish permanent village-settlements?
Answer:
The nature of agricultural work made it possible for the New Stone Age man to establish permanent village-settlements.

Question 14.
In which way of life is it necessary to keep moving?
Answer:
In the hunting and gathering way of life, it is necessary to keep moving all the time.

Question 15.
According to the climate, what work was done by the Homo sapiens?
Answer:
According to the climate, fishing and hunting was the work done by Homo sapiens.

Give reasons for the following :

Question 1.
Homo sapiens had largely turned to fishing.
Answer:
As the mammoths became extinct due to hunting, the Homo sapiens turned to fishing.

Question 2.
Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place over a longer period of time.
Answer:
i. By observation of nature, the Homo sapiens discovered and learnt about the best seasons for fishing and the best hunting ground.
ii. For this reason, they needed to stay in one place for a longer period of time.

Question 3.
People established permanent village settlements.
Answer:
i. The nature of agricultural work made it necessary to stay in one place.
ii. Therefore people established permanent village-settlements to live in them generation after generation

Question 4.
By the time of the Middle Stone Age, big animals like mammoths were on the way to extinction.
Answer:
Due to the changing environment and also because they were hunted on a very large scale, big animals like mammoths were on the way to extinction by the time of the Middle Stone Age.

Answer each of the questions in brief :

Question 1.
Why did the hunting pattern of the Homo sapiens change with time?
Answer:

1. With the mammoth becoming extinct, the Homo sapiens had to turn to fishing.
2. He also hunted smaller animals like wild boar, deer, mountain goat and sheep.
3. Thus, the hunting pattern of the Homo sapiens changed with time.

Question 2.
How did the Homo sapiens discover the best hunting grounds and fishing seasons?
Answer:
By observation of nature and using this knowledge to their advantage, the Homo sapiens discovered the best season for fishing and also the best hunting grounds.

Question 3.
How and why did the Homo sapiens clear the jungle?
Answer:
i. For fishing and hunting in one particular region, the Homo sapiens needed to stay in one place for longer periods.
ii. So they cleared the jungles by felling trees and set up their seasonal camps in the clearings.

Question 4.
Why did the people of the New Stone Age establish permanent village-settlements and lived in them generation after generation?
Answer:

1. In hunting and gathering way of life, it is necessary to keep moving all the time.
2. However, agriculture made it possible to store food and use it over a longer period. Hence, their need to move constantly diminished.
3. The nature of agricultural work was such that they had to stay in one place.
4. Therefore people established permanent village-settlements and lived in them generation after generation.

Question 5.
How did the Neanderthals protect themselves from the cold?
Answer:

1. The Neanderthals mainly lived in caves.
2. They protected themselves from the cold by wearing leather clothes and making use of fire.
3. They also used animal hides to erect tents inside the caves for warmth.
4. This is how the Neanderthals protected themselves from the cold.

Question 6.
Why was there no need to keep moving constantly in the New Stone Age?
Answer:

1. The way of human life in the New Stone Age was completely different as compared to the life in the Old Stone Age and Middle Stone Age.
2. Humans became producers of food and started cultivating the land.
3. Agriculture made it possible to store food and use it over a longer period.
4. Therefore, there was no need for humans in the New Stone Age to constantly move from one place to another.

Glossary :

1. dietary : related to food
2. warmth : the quality or sensation of being warm.
3. extremely : very severe
4. faraway : distant in space and time.
5. felling : cutting down
6. scorching : burning
7. concrete : a building material made from a mixture of gravel, sand, cement and water
8. subsidiary : less important than but related to something
9. progre
10. ssive : proceeding gradually or in stages.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 21 Busy at Work – Our Internal Organs Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 1 Chapter 21 Busy at Work – Our Internal Organs

5th Std EVS 1 Digest Chapter 21 Busy at Work – Our Internal Organs Textbook Questions and Answers

1. what’s the solution?

Question 1.
A person has fainted and a crowd of people has surrounded him.

2. Use your brain power!

Question (a)
Why do we sometimes choke suddenly while eating?
Answer:
The food that we chew in the mouth enters the oesophagus after swallowing. The upper ends of both the oesophagus and the windpipe open in the throat next to each other. When we swallow the food in a hurry while eating, sometimes the food suddenly enters the windpipe causing us to suddenly choke.

Question (b)
How is the air that we inhale purified in our body?
Answer:
The inner lining of the respiratory tract secretes a sticky substance called mucus. It also has hair-like structures called cilia. The air that we inhale is purified with the help of this mucus and cilia. The cilia filter the dust, smoke, micro-organisms etc. and these substances get entangled in the sticky mucus and stick to the inner lining of the nose. Sometimes the cilia push out these substances towards the nostrils which is then blown out by sneezing. Thus this is how air that we inhale is purified.

3. Fill in the blanks.

Question (a)
………………… gas is continuously transported to all parts of the body.
(a) Oxygen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Nitrogen
Answer:
(a) Oxygen

Question (b)
The stomach is like a …………………… .
(a) ball
(b) skin
(c) bag
Answer:
(c) bag

4. Match the columns:

Question 1.
Match the columns:

Answer:

5. Answer the following questions.

Question (a)
Name the systems that carry out the different functions of the body.
Answer:
The systems that carry out the different functions of the body are Digestive system, Respiratory system, Circulatory system, Excretory system, Nervous system and Skeletal system.

Question (b)
Describe how the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases takes place in the lungs.
Answer:
The air that we inhale contains oxygen. This outside air reaches the lungs with the help of the respiratory organs like nose, trachea and diaphragm. When the outside air reaches the alveoli present in the lungs it passes into the thin blood vessels around the alveoli.

With the blood, it flows to the various parts of the body. At the same time the carbon dioxide that is brought by the blood from all parts of the body leave the blood and enters the alveoli. When we exhale this carbon dioxide is given out. In this way the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases takes place in the lungs.

Question (c)
Why do we call saliva, a digestive juice?
Answer:
The digestive juice are the juices secreted by the glands present outside the digestive system and they help in digesting the food. When food is taken in the mouth, saliva is secreted by the glands called salivary glands into the mouth.

The saliva then mixes with the food that is chewed and it converts the food into soft moist ball called bolus which is easy to swallow. The saliva also digests the starch present in the food. Since saliva helps in digestion of food it, is called a digestive juice.

6. Choose the appropriate word from the brackets:

Question (a)
Respiration takes place because of its up and down movement.
Answer:
diaphragm

Question (b)
The process of keeping the blood flowing continuously throughout the body
Answer:
circulation

Question (c)
Air that enters through the nose and passes into this tube.
Answer:
trachea

Environmental Studies Part 1 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 21 Busy at Work – Our Internal Organs Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the options given below:

Question 1.
The …………………. is present between the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity below the lung.
(a) stomach
(b) diaphragm
(c) heart
Answer:
(b) diaphragm

Question 2.
The air sacs formed at the end of the last branches of the trachea are called ………………… .
(a) alveoli
(b) thoracic
(c) blood vessel
Answer:
(a) alveoli

Question 3.
The inner lining of the respiratory organs has the fine hair-like structures called ……………….. .
(a) nose
(b) cilia
(c) alveoli
Answer:
(b) cilia

Question 4.
A layer of sticky substances present in the inner lining of the respiratory organ is known as …………… .
(a) mucus
(b) cilia
(c) skin
Answer:
(a) mucus

Question 5.
Smoking causes life threatning diseases like ………………… .
(a) lung cancer
(b) asthma
(c) pneumonia
Answer:
(a) lung cancer

Question 6.
The process of digestion begins in the …………….. .
(a) stomach
(b) oesophagus
(c) mouth
Answer:
(c) mouth

Question 7.
Small intestine of an adult is …………………. long and the large intestine is ………………. long.
(a) 7 mtrs
(b) 1 1/2 mtr
(c) 2 mtrs
Answer:
(a) 7 mtrs, (b) 1 1/2 mtr

Question 8.
………………….. is the hardest substance in our body.
(a) Tooth enamel
(b) Nail
(c) Hair
Answer:
(a) Tooth enamel

Question 9.
…………………… is secreted by the salivary glands.
(a) Mucus
(b) Saliva
(c) Cilia
Answer:
(b) Saliva

Question 10.
It is necessary for the body to get a continuous supply of ………………… .
(a) oxygen
(b) nitrogen
(c) carbon dioxide
Answer:
(a) oxygen

Question 11.
When the diaphragm moves …………….. we breathe in.
(a) upward
(b) sideways
(c) downward
Answer:
(c) downward

Question 12.
The food we eat is ………………….. in our body.
(a) mixed
(b) churned
(c) digested
Answer:
(c) digested

Question 13.
The teeth, tongue and saliva all help to convert food into a soft moist ball called a …………………………. .
(a) bolus
(b) cilia
(c) saliva
Answer:
(a) bolus

Question 14.
As a result of respiration, …………………. enters the blood in the body and spreads to all parts of the body.
(a) carbon
(b) sulphur
(c) oxygen
Answer:
(c) oxygen

Question 15.
The process of keeping the blood flowing through all parts of the body is called ……………….. circulation.
(a) body
(b) blood
(c) oxygen
Answer:
(b) blood

Question 16.
As long as we are alive, the process of blood ………………… goes on continuously, day and night.
(a) respiration
(b) circulation
(c) co-ordination
Answer:
(b) circulation

Question 17.
Maintaining the co-ordination of the different functions in the body is the function of the ……………… .
(a) lung
(b) nerves
(c) brain
Answer:
(c) brain

Question 18.
A network of ………………… carry messages to and fro between the brain and the parts of the body.
(a) nerves
(b) blood vessels
(c) muscles
Answer:
(a) nerves

Question 19.
The brain and the network of nerves are together called the ………………. system.
(a) circulatory
(b) nervous
(c) respiratory
Answer:
(b) nervous

Define the following or Explain the terms:

Question 1.
System
Answer:
A group of organs that carry out similar functions in the body is called a system.

Question 2.
Blood circulation
Answer:
The process of keeping the blood flowing through all parts of the body is called blood circulation.

Question 3.
Digestion
Answer:
The process of converting food to simpler substances which can get mixed into blood easily is called digestion.

Question 4.
Respiration
Answer:
The process of entering of oxygen into the blood, so that it can be used to burn the food and release energy is called respiration.

Question 3.
Choose the appropriate word from the brackets:
(constipation, trachea, diaphragm, circulation, breathing, brain, enamel)

1. Maintaining co-ordination between various systems is its function.
2. When there is a tooth decay this is corroded a.
3. The process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide.
4. Passing hard stool or not passing stool regularly.

Answer:

1. brain
2. enamel
3. breathing
4. constipation

4.

Question (A)
Match the columns:

Answer:

Question 5.
Name the following:

1. An organ that pumps blood continuously.
2. An organ that maintains and co-ordinates the functioning of all the organ systems.
3. An organ that expels4faeces.
4. Organs which are affected by drinking alcohol for a long period of time.
5. A system that gives support and shape to the body.
6. A system that expels the waste substances that are formed in the body.

Answer:

1. Heart
2. Brain
3. Anus
4. Liver and Kidney
5. Skeletal System
6. Excretory System

Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Which organ helps us to enjoy many different tastes and flavours while having our meals?
Answer:
The tongue and the nose help us to sense the taste and flavours while having our meal.

Question 2.
Name the organs of the digestive system. (Use your brain power.)
Answer:
The organs of the digestive system are mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus and all the other outside glands like salivary glands, liver and pancreas.

Question 3.
In which cavity of the body are the brain, lungs, heart and stomach situated and what is its function?
Answer:
The brain is situated in the cranial cavity, the heart and the lung is present the thoracic cavity and the stomach is present in the abdominal cavity. The bones present in the cavity protect these delicate organs.

Question 4.
Which bones protect the brain, heart and lungs and the stomach?
Answer:
The brain is protected by the skull, the heart and lungs are protected by rib cage as they are present inside it and the stomach is protected by strong muscles and by the rib cage.

Question 5.
How is faeces formed?
Answer:
When the digested food and water gets absorbed into the blood, and then what remains behind forms the faeces.

Question 6.
How many times do humans breathe per minute when resting or sitting comfortably?
Answer:
A healthy adult breathes 16-20 times per minute whereas a child of 6 months breathes 25-40 times per minutes and a child of 6-10 years breathes 18-25 times per minute.

Question 7.
How many times does one breathe after running a hundred metre race?
Answer:
When a person runs a race the breath rate is more than 16-20 times per minute for an adult and more than 18-25 times per minute for a child of 6 -10 years.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Harmful substances like dust, smoke and microorganisms present in the air cannot reach the lungs.
Answer:
The inner lining of the nose has thin hair-like structures called cilia. This inner lining also secretes a sticky substance called mucus. The harmful substances like dust, smoke, micro-organisms etc. are filtered by the cilia and they get entangled in the mucus.

This then sticks to the inner lining of the nose. The cilia sometimes pushes these substances towards the nostril. This is then blown out by sneezing. Thus the harmful substances are prevented from entering the lungs.

Question 2.
Smoking for a long time reduces the efficiency of the lung.
Answer:
When one keeps smoking over a long period of time, the toxic substances in the smoke collect in the respiratory tract. The solid particles in this tobacco smoke form a sticky layer inside the alveoli. As these toxic substances get collected more and more, the exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide does not take place properly. Therefore, the efficiency of the lung decreases.

Question 3.
It is important to drink adequate quantities of water after eating.
Answer:
Water is absorbed through the alimentary canal and used for all processes. If one does not drink enough water digestion cannot take place properly, as food cannot keep moving properly. This will lead to constipation. Also water absorbed is used for the proper functioning of all other body processes. Therefore, it is important to drink adequate quantity of water.

Question 4.
We must not eat in a hurry and avoid speaking while eating.
Answer:
The upper ends of both the oesophagus and the windpipe open in the throat next to each other. When food is swallowed the wind pipe remains closed. If we eat in a hurry or speak while eating, food may enter the windpipe and cause us to choke. To avoid this from happening, we must not eat in a hurry or speak while eating.

Question 5.
It is dangerous to drive after drinking alcohol.
Answer:
Alcohol affects the nervous system. Hence when one drinks alcohol, one loses control over the movements of the body due to lack of co-ordination. Due to lack of co-ordination while driving when many accidents occur on the road, leading to loss of life. Therefore, it is dangerous to drive after drinking alcohol.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Describe which systems work together to provide the body with energy.
Answer:
The oxygen present in the inhaled air enters the blood due to the respiratory system. The food is digested and it also enters the blood due to the digestive system. The blood then flows to every part of the body due to circulatory system and it supplies the digested food and oxygen.

The food acts as fuel and it bums slowly in presence of oxygen releasing energy. This energy is then used by various parts of the body to do work. Thus the respiratory system, digestive system and circulatory system work together to provide the body with energy.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Describe the process of digestion taking place in the stomach.
Answer:
The soft bolus which is swallowed enters the stomach through the oesophagus. Here the food is then churned. The digestive juices mix with this food and bring about some digestive process. At the same time disease producing . germs present in the food are destroyed. The food then changes into a thin slurry’ and passes into the small intestine.

Question 2.
How is food absorbed into the blood?
Answer:
The thin slurry formed in the stomach enters the small intestine. Many glands like liver, pancreas secrete their digestive juices into the small intestine. These secretions help in the digestive process. As a result of these processes, some substances which can easily mix with the blood are formed. These substances are then absorbed into the blood.

Question 3.
Give the functions of the following system, (a) Skeletal System (b) Nervous System (c) Excretory System.
Answer:
(a) Skeletal System gives support and shape to our body. They also protect the important organs like brain, heart, lungs, etc. present in our body.
(b) Nervous System: It helps to co-ordinate the functions of various systems. Thus it maintains the smooth functioning of all the systems.
(c) Excretory System: It helps to expel the waste produced in our body and helps in keeping us
healthy.

Question 4.
How do we inhale and exhale air?
Answer:
When the diaphragm moves down, the air is sucked inside the lung. Thus air is inhaled when diaphragm moves up the air inside the lung is pushed out. Thus the air is exhaled. The up and down movement of the diaphragm causes us to exhale and inhale air.

Question 5.
Draw neat and labelled diagram of:
(1) Respiratory system (2) Digestive system.
Answer:
1. Respiratory system

2. Digestive system

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Name the organs that bring about respiration.
Answer:
The organs that help in respiration are, the nose, the trachea or wind pipe, the diaphragm and the lungs.

Question 2.
How do we know that we are hungry and that we should eat?
Answer:
When the food absorbed in the blood gets exhausted, after release of energy, the message reaches the brain via the network of nerves. Due to this, the brain then gets the signal that the body needs food. We realise we are hungry and we need to eat food.

Question 3.
How do the salivary glands come to know that there is food in the mouth and it is time to secrete saliva?
Answer:
When we eat food the nerve present in the nose and tongue send the message via the network of nerves to the brain. The brain then sends the message to the salivary gland to secrete the saliva. This is how the salivary glands comes to know that there is food in the mouth and it needs to secrete saliva.

Question 4.
What makes respiration and blood circulation go on all the time and the process of digestion happen at the right time?
Answer:
Our body needs energy to do work. Due to this our body requires a supply of oxygen continuously. Thus to supply oxygen continuously respiration goes on continuously. To carry oxygen to all the parts of the body continuously blood needs to circulate. Therefore circulation also needs to go on continuously. When energy is released the food absorbed in the blood gets exhausted. Through the network of nerves the brain gets the message and it signals us that we are hungry and we need to eat food.

The moment we eat food the nervous system brings about co-ordination between the digestive organs and digestion takes place at the right time. Thus respiration and blood circulation go on all the time and the process of digestion happens at the right time.

Glossary:

1. moist – slightly wet
2. churned – moved vigorously.
3. adequate – acceptable in quantity.
4. corroded – damaged
5. expels – forces out from body.
6. choke – difficulty in breathing
7. secretes -produces and discharges (a substance).
8. slurry – a semi-liquid mixture.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 5 Environmental Studies Solutions Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life

5th Std EVS 2 Digest Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life Tools Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blank.

Question a.
Archaeological evidence shows that agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and …………. .
(Iran, Iraq, Dubai)
Answer:
Archaeological evidence shows that agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and Iraq.

Question b.
The houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of …………… .
(earth, bricks, wattle and daub)
Answer:
The houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of wattle and daub.

2. Answer the following question in brief.

Question a.
What are the three main steps in the process of domesticating a wild animal?
Answer:

1. Capture the wild animal.
2. Taming the wild animal by giving them the training to live with humans.
3. Obtaining useful materials like milk from these animals and training them to work as beasts of burden for the humans.

Question b.
How did some people in the community become skilled craftsmen?
Answer:

1. As the food available was more than needed by the community, some men and women utilised their spare time in experimentation and for using their natural creativity to develop special skills.
2. Persons with such special skills were given to work based on those skills.
3. Thereby a class of skilled craftsmen emerged.

3. Complete the following concept chart.

Question 1.
Complete the following concept chart.

Answer:

4. Write about the usefulness of any five domesticated animals.

Question 1.
Write about the usefulness of any five domesticated animals.
Answer:

• Cow : Cow is a very useful animal. It is domesticated for its milk. Cow-dung was used to smear mud walls and in courtyards. Cow-dung is used to make dung cakes for fuel and also is a very good natural manure for agriculture.
• Goats and Sheep : Sheep is useful for its wool and milk. They are also domesticated for their meat.
• Dog : A very useful and faithful animal. It guards household or village-settlements.
• Horse : A very useful, strong and a swift animal. Its strength is used to draw carriages or to transport heavy
• goods. It is also used in travelling.
• Bullocks : Bullocks are strong and obedient animals. Therefore, they are used to draw carts. They are also used to transport people and heavy objects from one place to another.

5. Which animal is used by the modern police? In what way?

Question 1.
Which animal is used by the modern police? In what way?
Answer:

1. The dog is used by modern police.
2. It is used in the investigation of crimes as a dog can sniff the body odour and blood-stains on the clothes.
3. It leads police to the person who has committed heinous crimes like murder.

Activity :

Question 1.
Visit people in your locality practising five different occupations and collect information about their work.

Environmental Studies Part 2 Standard 5th Solutions Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.

1. When the third step is achieved, the animal is supposed to be completely ……….
2. Domesticating animals and keeping them for our own use is called ……….
3. The …….. is the first animal to have been domesticated.
4. ………..and………… were domesticated next.
5. Dogs were used to help with ………….
6. …….. are credited to have started cultivation.
7. They used ………….. Sticks to sow seeds.
8. People had to stay in one place because of the nature of ………… work.
9. ………………….. production increased considerably after the plough drawn by animals came into use.
10. …………. became the main source of livelihood.
11. People began to worship ……. and various ………. for good crops.
12. People in the village-settlements established some ………. and ……. to manage things.
13. Before agriculture, all men and women were continuously engaged in getting ……….
14. With agricultural production increasing, some men and women began to get ……….. time.
15. They used their spare time for using their natural creativity to develop……… skills.
16. Members with such special skills were given ………. based on those skills.
17. It is believed that in the New Stone Age, ……… made earthen pots and other earthen objects by hand.
18. The farmers in the village-settlements were now producing……….. food.
19. They needed skilled ……………. for tasks like making agricultural implements and repairing them
20. Craftsmen were paid in the form of …………..
21. ………… is an essential item.
22. Salt traders also traded articles they received in exchange of ………..
23. The ………. trade helped in the expansion of trade in the New Stone Age.
24. People responsible for the implementation of these rules became the ………… of village settlements.
25. The chiefs were also entrusted with the …… of the village.
26. The population of the village settlements ………. because food was available in plenty
27. The ……… became permanent and expanded.
28. People began to build ………. houses of sun dried bricks.
29. It appears that the people of the village settlements belonged to a single …………..
30. The entire village-settlement was an ………….. family.
31. A dead person was buried either in the ……….. or in the ……..
32. In the ………… system, it became possible to store food grains.

Answer:

1. domesticated
2. animal husbandry
3. dog
4. goat, sheep
5. hunting
6. uxomen
7. pointed
8. agricultural
9. agricultural
10. agriculture
11. nature, deities
12. rules, customs
13. food
14. spare
15. special
16. work
17. women
18. surplus
19. craftsmen
20. foodgrains
21. salt
22. salt
23. salt
24. chiefs
25. protection
26. grew
27. village-settlements
28. quadrangular
29. clan
30. extended
31. house, courtyard
32. agricultural

Match the following:

Question 1.

Answer:

Answer each of the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is animal husbandry?
Answer:
Domesticating animals and keeping them for one’s use is called animal husbandry.

Question 2.
Which is the first animal to have been domesticated?
Answer:
The dog is the first animal to have been domesticated.

Question 3.
Who domesticated the dog?
Answer:
Homo sapiens of the Middle Stone Age domesticated the dog.

Question 4.
How were the dogs used?
Answer:
Dogs were used to help in hunting.

Question 5.
Which animals were domesticated after the dog?
Answer:
The goat and sheep were domesticated after the dog

Question 6.
When and where did agriculture begin?
Answer:
Archaeological evidence is available to show that agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and Iraq.

Question 7.
Who are given the credit to have started cultivation?
Answer:
Women are credited to have started cultivation

Question 8.
What did they use to sow seeds?
Answer:
They used pointed sticks to sow seeds.

Question 9.
How did the agricultural production increase considerably?
Answer:
Agricultural production increased considerably after the plough driven by animals came into use.

Question 10.
What was the main source of livelihood for people in the New Stone Age?
Answer:
Agriculture was the main source of livelihood for the people in the New Stone Age.

Question 11.
What did the people do in order to grow good crops?
Answer:
People began to worship nature and various deities to grow good crops.

Question 12.
What gained importance in the village settlement?
Answer:
Essential things like sharing of agricultural tasks and water resources and the security of the village-settlements gained importance.

Question 13.
How did the New Stone Age women make earthen pots?
Answer:
The New Stone Age women made earthen pots and other earthen objects by hand.

Question 14.
Why were the craftsmen needed?
Answer:
Craftsmen were needed for tasks like making agricultural implements and repairing them.

Question 15.
How were the craftsmen paid?
Answer:
The craftsmen were paid in the form of food grains or other articles.

Question 16.
What is the barter system?
Answer:
Buying and selling articles by exchanging goods for goods is called barter system.

Question 17.
What was an essential item in the village settlement?
Answer:
Salt was an essential item in the village settlement.

Question 18.
How did the salt traders trade?
Answer:
Salt traders traded articles they received in exchange of salt.

Question 19.
Why did the village community lay down rules?
Answer:
The village community laid rules for mutual co-operation in order to keep this system of trade and distribution of resources running smoothly.

Question 20.
Who became the chiefs of village settlements?
Answer:
People responsible for the implementation of these rules became the chiefs of villagesettlements.

Question 21.
Who was entrusted with the protection of the village?
Answer:
The chiefs were also entrusted with the task of protection of the village.

Question 22.
Why did they build protective walls and moats around the village-settlements?
Answer:
They built protective walls and moats around the village-settlements to protect them selues from floods, wild animals and outsiders who stole the village cattle.

Question 23.
What were the houses at the beginning of New Stone Age made of?
Answer:
Houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of wattle and daub?

Question 24.
Why were there differences in the style of constructing houses?
Answer:
Regional differences are seen in the styles of constructing houses, depending on the local climate.

Question 25.
Why did the population of village settlements grow?
Answer:
The population of village-settlements grew because food was available in plenty.

Give reasons for the following:

Question 1.
The stick used for sowing was weighed in the centre using a perforated stone.
Answer:
In order to dig deeper into the soil to sow the seeds, the stick was weighted in the centre using a perforated stone.

Question 2.
Before agriculture, men and women in the community were continuously busy.
Answer:

1. Before agriculture, people obtained food by hunting and gathering.
2. But this food could not be stored for a long time.
3. Therefore, all men and women in the community were continuously engaged in acquiring food.

Question 3.
Walls and moats were built around the village settlement.
Answer:
Protective walls and moats were built around the village-settlements to protect them from floods, wild animals and outsiders who stole village cattle.

Question 4.
The village-settlements grew.
Answer:
i. The population of the village-settlements grew because food was available in plenty after agriculture
ii. They also built bigger houses to accommodate their expanding population.

Question 5.
The entire village-settlement was an extended family.
Answer:

1. It appears from the plans of the houses and the village-settlements that people staying there belonged to a single class.
2. It means that they were all related to one another.
3. Thus, the entire village-settlement was an extended family

Question 6.
Women and men began to get spare time to develop special skills.
Answer:

1. In the agricultural system, it became possible to store foodgrains for a long period.
2. There was sufficient food for the community.
3. Therefore, women and men began to get spare time to use their natural creativity to develop special skills.

Question 7.
People began to worship nature and various deities.
Answer:
i. Agriculture became the main source of livelihood in the New Stone Age period.
ii. Thus, people began to worship nature and various deities for good crops.

Question 8.
The farmers needed skilled craftsmen.
Answer:
i. Farmers in the village-settlements were producing surplus food.
ii. Therefore, they needed skilled craftsmen for making agricultural implements and repairing them.

Question 9.
A dead person was buried either in the house or in the courtyard.
Answer:
The people thought that the dead person’s bond with family should not get cut off after death.

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
How was cultivation carried out by women?
Answer:

1. Women are credited to have started cultivation.
2. They used pointed sticks to sow seeds.
3. In order to help dig deeper into the soil, the stick was weighted in the centre using a perforated stone.

Question 2.
How did a social system based on agriculture came into existence?
Answer:

1. Essential things like sharing of agricultural tasks and water resources and the security of the village-settlement gained importance.
2. People in the village-settlements established some rules and customs to manage these things.
3. Thus, a social system based on agriculture came into existence.

Question 3.
How was barter system established?
Answer:

1. When the farmers in the village-settlements
2. produced surplus food, they felt the need for skilled craftsmen who would provide them with agricultural implements and also repair them.
3. Such craftsmen were paid in the form of food grains or other articles. The craftsmen also purchased the required raw material in the form of foodgrains and other useful articles.
4. Thus, buying and selling by exchanging goods for goods called barter system was established.

Question 4.
Describe the structure of houses in the New Stone Age.
Answer:

1. The houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of wattle and daub i.e. the walls were screens woven from sticks or bamboo and plastered with mud or cow dog.
2. Later when the population in the village ettlement grew, people began to build quadrangular” houses of sun-dried bricks. These houses were also bigger and had more than one room.
3. Regional differences are seen in the styles of constructing houses, depending on the local climate.

Question 5.
Describe the ritual of burying the dead in the village settlements.
Answer:
i. A dead person was buried either in the house or in the courtyard with the idea that the person’s bond with the family should not get cut off even after death.
ii. Families would also bury various articles with the dead person for them to use even after death.

Question 7.
How did the village administrative system came into being?
Answer:

1. The village community made rules for mutual co-operation in order to keep trade running smoothly.
2. People responsible for the implementation of these rules became the chiefs of village settlements
3. These chiefs were also entrusted with the protection of the village.
4. This is how the village administrative system came into being.

Glossary :

1. entrusted : assigned the responsibility to doing something to (someone)
2. archaeological : of history
3. implementation : put into effect
4. deities : gods and goddesses
5. moats : a deep, wide ditch surrounding a house.
6. wattle : and
7. daub : material used in building walls.
8. perforated : pierced with a hote.
9. accommodate : provide sufficient space for.
10. surplus : extra.
11. abundance : a large quantity fo something
12. experimentation:  procedure.
13. complied : meet specified standards.
14. quadrangular : having four sides