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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 3 Exogenetic Movements Part 1 Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 3 Exogenetic Movements Part 1

Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Exogenetic Movements Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer in brief.
(a) What is mechanical weathering?
Answer:

1. The disintegration of rocks without any change in their chemical composition is called mechanical weathering.
2. The minerals in the rocks expand because of heat and contract when the temperature decreases. Due to such continuous contracting and expansion, tension develops in the rock particles.
3. Each mineral reacts differently to the temperature; some minerals expand more, while others do not expand as much. Consequently, the tension formed in the rocks also increases and decreases. As a result, cracks develop in the rocks and they break.
4. In areas where the temperatures drop below 0°C for quite some time, the water accumulated in the cracks and crevices in the rocks freezes. Its volume increases which leads to tension in the rocks and they shatter.
5. When the alkaline water of the sea fills in the cracks of the rocks, the soluble minerals in the rock get dissolved leading to the formation of small holes in the rocks.
6. Because of the heat, this water turns into water vapour and only crystals of alkaline materials remain in the rocks. Crystals occupy more space which causes tension in the rock.
7. Sometimes the outer layers of the rocks exert pressure on the inner or lower layers. When this pressure ceases to exist, the lower or inner layers get freed from the pressure. This also leads to weathering.
8. In areas of heavy rainfall soaking of rock water also causes weathering of some rocks like sandstone and conglomerate. When water penetrates such rocks, the particles get loose and separate from the main rock.

(b) What are the main types of chemical weathering?
Answer:
The process of decomposition of rocks due to changes in their chemical composition is called chemical weathering.
Its main types are:
(i) Carbonation

• When the rain water mixes with the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere it leads to the formation of dilute carbonic acid.
• Many rocks like limestone get easily dissolved in such acids.

(ii) Solution

• Some minerals in the rock get dissolved in water.
• Because of this solution, alkalis in the rock dissolve and make them brittle.

(iii) Oxidation

• This process occurs in rocks which have iron present in them. The iron in the rock comes in contact with water and a chemical reaction takes place between iron and oxygen.
• Hence, a reddish coloured layer forms on the rocks. This is called rust.
• It occurs in rocks in areas with high rainfall.

(c) How does biological weathering occur?
Answer:

• It is the process by which rocks are broken into small fragments and fine particles due to the action of plants, animals and human beings.
• The roots of the plants enter the points and ! cracks of the rocks in search of moisture.
• As the roots grow bigger, they create tension in the rocks and start breaking them.
• Animals such as mice, rabbits and rats dig I holes, anthills etc. and weaken the rock, which makes them loose and break into pieces.
• Besides these, algae, moss1, lichen2, other flora grow in the rocks. They also help in weathering.
• Thus, the weathering caused by living organisms is called biological weathering,

(d) Distinguish between weathering and mass wasting.
Answer:

2. Write whether the statements are true or false. Correct the incorrect ones.

(a) Climate affects earthquakes.
Answer:
False – Internal movements affect (leads to) earthquakes.

(b) Mechanical weathering is less effective in humid climates.
Answer:
True

(c) Mechanical weathering happens on a large scale in dry climates.
Answer:
True

(d) The breaking down of rocks into smaller particles is called weathering.
Answer:
True

(e) Lateritic rocks are formed through exfoliation.
Answer:
False – Lateritic rocks are formed due to oxidation.

3. Complete the flowchart below.

Answer:

4. Identify the type of weathering from the given description.

(a) Some animals live inside the grounds by making burrows.
(b) The rock rusts.
(c) Water which has accumulated in the crevices of the rocks freezes. Consequently, the rock breaks.
(d) The pipes supplying water in colder regions break.
(e) Sand formation occurs in deserts
Answer:
(a) Biological weathering
(b) Chemical weathering
(c) Mechanical weathering
(d) Mechanical weathering
(e) Mechanical weathering

Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Exogenetic Movements Part 1 Intext Questions and Answers

Can You Tell?
(1) See the given pictures. Observe the physical appearance of the rocks in each picture. You can see that rocks are broken, fractured and have holes in them. In a picture you can also see that the statue has been deformed. Why are the rocks in such a condition? Think about them and briefly tell the reasons you can think of. Discuss the reasons. Check with the teachers if your reasons are relevant.
Answer:

• At some places the day temperatures are very high and the night temperatures are very low. In the given pictures the rocks may have broken due to temperature variation during day time and night time.
• In coastal areas when the sea waves hit the rocks, the rocks fracture and break down.
• Due to the roots of trees, and activities of burrowing animals like ant, rats etc. in the soft rocks, the rocks break down.
• The statues might be deformed due to heat and humidity.

Lets Recall

Question 1.
Have you seen the process of biological weathering3 around you?
Answer:
I have seen process of biological weathering3 around me. Many plants and trees have grown in an old dilapidated building which is located near my house. The roots of the trees have broken the walls and slabs of the building at many places.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Exogenetic Movements Part 1 Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the statements choosing the correct option from the bracket:

Question 1.
…………………… is formed due to chemical precipitation between water and alkalis.
(a) Limestone
(b) Sandstone
(c) Coal
(d) Iron
Answer:
(a) Limestone

Question 2.
…………………… process occurs in rocks which have iron present in them.
(a) Shattering
(b) Oxidation
(c) Carbonation
(d) Granular
Answer:
(b) Oxidation

Question 3.
Sometimes the weathered materials do not move downward but sink ‘in situ’. This is called ………………….. .
(a) carbonation
(b) exfoliation
(c) precipitation
(d) slumping
Answer:
(d) slumping

Question 4.
periglacial regions along the slopes, small layers of soil accumulate because of the movement of soil. This is called ………………….. .
(a) soil erosion
(b) solifluction
(c) shattering
(d) block disintegration
Answer:
(b) solifluction

Question 5.
Biological weathering occurs because of ………………….. .
(a) high temperatures
(b) frost
(c) crystal growth
(d) living organisms
Answer:
(d) living organisms

Question 6.
come minerals in the rock get dissolved in the water and undergo chemical weathering. This process is called ………………….. .
(a) solution
(b) carbonation
(c) exfoliation
(d) precipitation
Answer:
(a) solution

Question 7.
When dilute carbonic acids reacts with the minerals in the rocks the process is called as ………………….. .
(a) carbonation
(b) exfoliation
(c) precipitation
(d) slumping
Answer:
(a) carbonation

Question 8.
When the outer layers of the rock fall apart from the main rock due to difference in temperatures, the process is called ………………….. .
(a) shattering
(b) oxidation
(c) exfoliation
(d) carbonation
Answer:
(c) exfoliation

Question 9.
…………………… is a universal solvent¹.
(a) Soil
(b) Water
(c) Carbon
(d) Oxygen
Answer:
(b) Water

Question 10.
Alkalis in the rock dissolve because of the solution and make them ………………….. .
(a) even
(b) sturdy
(c) brittle
(d) crusty
Answer:
(c) brittle

Match the Column:

I.

Answer:
(1-b),
(2- c),
(3 – a)

II.

Answer:
(1 – c),
(2 – d),
(3 – a)

Answer in one sentence each;

Question 1.
What are the Exogenetic processes?
Answer:
Exogenetic processes are external processes 1 that occur on or above the earth’s surface, E.g. weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition etc.

Question 2.
Explain the Process of weathering
Answer:
Breaking or weakening of rocks is called as weathering.

Question 3.
What is Mechanical Weathering?
Answer:
The disintegration of rocks without any change in their chemical composition is called mechanical weathering.

Question 4.
What is Chemical Weathering (Salt Weathering)?
Answer:
The process of decomposition of rocks due to changes in their chemical composition is called chemical weathering.

Question 5.
What do you mean by Biological Weathering?
Answer:
The weathering process caused by human beings, animals and plants is called biological weathering.

Question 6.
What is Slumping?
Answer:
Sometimes the weathered materials do not move downward but sink ‘in situ’ (where they ! are). This is called slumping. ;

Question 7.
What is Solifluction?
Answer:
In periglacial regions along the slopes, small layers of soil accumulate because of the movement of soil. This is called solifluction.

Question 8.
Explain Granular Weathering.
Answer:
When water penetrates in rocks like sandstones and conglomerates1, the particles get loose and separate from the main rock. This is called granular weathering.

Question 9.
What is Block Disintegration?
Answer:
When water accumulates in wide points and big blocks of rocks separate from each other, this is called block disintegration.

Question 10.
What is Exfoliation?
Answer:
When the outer layer of the racks fall apart from the main rock due to temperature, the process is called exfoliation.

Question 11.
What does the term ‘diurnal Range’ mean
Answer:
The difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature is diurnal Range.

Question 12.
What is Solution?
Answer:
The minerals in rocks which dissolve in water leads to the formation of solutions.

Question 13.
Name the two types of mass movements.
Answer:
The two types of mass movements are:
(a) Rapid Mass Movement and
(b) Show Mass movement.

Question 14.
What are the types of Mechanical weathering?
Answer:
The types of Mechanical weathering are
(a) Temperatures
(b) Frost
(c) Crystal growth
(d) Release of pressure and
(c) water

Question 15.
Types of chemical weathering.
Answer:
The types of chemical weathering are:
(a) Carbonation
(b) Solution and
(c) Oxidation

Question 16.
Where does Mechanical weathering occur?
Answer:
Mechanical weathering occurs mainly in the arid climates.

Question 17.
Chemical weathering can be seen in which climates?
Answer:
In humid conditions, one can see chemical weathering.

Write whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE. Correct the incorrect statements.

Question 1.
Soil creep is uncommon in areas with dry climates and gentle slopes.
Answer:
False – It is a common phenomenon in such areas.

Question 2.
Shattering is a type of mechanical weathering
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
Granular weathering occurs in areas of heavy rainfall.
Answer:
True.

Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Mechanical Weathering and Chemical Weathering.
Answer:

Fill the map with the given information and make a legend.
(1) Area affected by a landslide (mudslide) in Maharashtra.
(2) Wadgaon Darya

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
Oxidation process occurs in heavy rainfall areas.
Answer:

• The oxidation process occurs in rocks which have iron present in them.
• The iron in the rock comes in contact with water and a chemical reaction takes place between iron and oxygen.
• A reddish coloured layer forms on the rocks.
• Thus, the oxidation process occurs in heavy rainfall areas.

Question 2.
Chemical weathering occurs in areas of heavy rainfall.
Answer:

• The rain water travels through the atmosphere before reaching the ground. Carbon dioxide in the air gets mixed in the water in this process.
• Dilute carbonic acid gets formed. Materials like limestone get easily dissolved in such acids leading to weathering of rocks.
• Some minerals in the rock gets dissolved in water. Limestone is formed due to chemical precipitation between water and alkalis.
  Similarly, because of the solution, alkalis in the rock dissolves and make them brittle.
• Oxidation process occurs in rocks which have iron present in them. The iron in the rock comes in contact with water and a chemical reaction takes place between iron and oxygen.
• Hence, a reddish coloured layer forms on the rocks. This is called rust.

Question 3.
Mechanical weathering3 takes place in the cold regions.
Answer:

• In the cold regions, the temperature drops below 0°C for a period of time.
• The water that has percolated through the cracks in the rocks freezes and turns into ice.
• Ice requires greater space than water. Tension is developed when the ice tries to acquire greater space.
• The continuous process of freezing and melting finally leads to the breaking of the rock mass.

Question 4.
Rapid mass movements occurs along the steep slopes.
Answer:

• A thick layer of weathered material forms on the steep slopes.
• When it rains in such areas, the rainwater penetrates the weathered materials and their weight increases.
• Due to this the weathered materials move very rapidly and come down the steep slopes.

Question 5.
Mechanical weathering is seen in areas where the diurnal range of temperature is high.
OR
Change in temperature leads to Mechanical weathering.
Answer:

• The minerals in the rocks expand because of heat and contract when the temperature decreases.
• Due to such continuous contracting and expanding, tension develops in the rock particles.
• Each mineral reacts differently to the temperature. Some minerals expand more, while others do not expand as much.
• Consequently, the tension formed in the rocks also increases and decreases. As a result, cracks develop in the rocks and they break.
• Thus in areas, where the diurnal range of temperature is higher, mechanical weathering is seen.

Question 6.
Water plays an important role in chemical weathering.
Answer:

• Rock is a mixture of many minerals.
• Since many things get dissolved easily in water, it is considered a universal solvent.
• The solubility1 of the solution increases because the matter gets dissolved in water.
• Water speeds up the process of carbonation, solution and oxidation. These processes lead to the weathering of rocks.
• Thus water plays an important role in chemical weathering.

Question 7.
Frost leads to mechanical weathering.
Answer:

• In areas where the temperatures drop below 0°C for quite some time, the water accumulated in the cracks and crevices in the rocks freezes.
• The volume of water increases on freezing.
• This leads to tension in the rocks and they shatter.
• In this way frost leads to mechanical weathering.

Answer in brief:

Question 1.
What is a mass movement? What are the types of mass movements?
Answer:
The weathered rock materials move along the slopes due to gravity and accumulate near the foothills or the gentler slopes. When the weathered particles move down due to gravity alone, the process is called mass movements.

Types of Mass movements:
(i) Rapid mass movements:

• A thick layer of weathered material forms on the slope. When it rains in such areas, the rain water penetrates the weathered materials and their weight increases.
• The weathered materials move very rapidly and come down the slope.
• Sometimes the weathered materials sink in situ. (Where they are)
• Rockfalls, landslides, land subsidence are ; termed as rapid mass movements.

(ii) Slower mass movements:

• Soil creep is the most common phenomenon in areas with dry climate and gentler slopes.
• In periglacial regions along the soil. This is called as solifluction.

Question 2.
How does external processes occur?
Answer:

• External processes occur because of the forces working on the earth’s surface.
• They are mainly solar energy, gravitational force and kinetic energy associated with the moving objects on the earth’s surface.

Question 3.
What is exfoliation?
Answer:

• In regions of high temperatures, the exposed part of the rock heats more while the inner part is comparatively cooler.
• As a result, the outer layers of the rocks fall apart from the main rock.
• This is called the exfoliation of the rock.

Question 4.
Explain the process of oxidation.
Answer:

• The oxidation process occurs in rocks which have iron present in them.
• The iron in the rock comes in contact with water and a chemical reaction takes place between iron and oxygen.
• Hence, a reddish coloured layer forms on the rocks. This is called rust.

Explain:

Question 1.
Block Disintegration
Answer:

• Sometimes both temperature and water are responsible for weathering.
• The difference in temperature cause contraction and expansion of minerals in the rocks. This leads to widening theoints or cracks in the rocks.
• Water accumulates in such wideouts and big blocks of rocks separate from each other.
• This is called Block Disintegration.

Question 2.
Carbonation
Answer:

• Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering.
• The rainwater travels through the atmosphere before reaching the ground.
• Carbon dioxide in the air gets mixed in the water in this process and dilute carbonic acid gets formed.
• For e.g Water + Carbon Dioxide = Carbonic Acid (H₂O +CO₂ = H₂CO₃)
• Materials like limestone get easily dissolved in such acids.

Question 3.
Solution
Answer:

• Some minerals in the rock get dissolved in water.
• Limestone is formed due to chemical precipitation between water and alkalis.
• At Wadgaon Darya in Ahmadnagar district, limestone gets precipitated chemically i.e. undergoes chemical weathering again.
• Similarly, because of solution, alkalis in the rock dissolve and make them brittle.

Question 4.
Make a record of few landslides that have occured in India and write about them briefly.
Answer:
Landslide is a rapid mass movement which is caused majorly due to heavy rains, floods, earthquakes etc. The following are some fatal landsides in India.

1. Guwahati landslide, Assam:- The landslide took place in the year 1948 due to heavy rains & over 500 people died in this landslide.
2. Darjeeling landslide, West Negal:- This landslide happened in the year of 1968. It was triggered by floods and thousands of people died due to this landslide.
3. Malpa landslide, Uttarkhand:- Consecutive landslides occured in August 1998 in village of Mapla due to which 380 people died as an entire village was destroyed in the landslide.
4. Kedarnath landslide, Uttarakhand:- This landslide took place onune 16, 2013 & was the result of Uttar Khand floods. Over 5700 people were reported dead and over 4200 villages were affected by floods and post-flood landslide.
5. Malin landslide, Maharashtra:- This landslide occured onuly 30, 2014, in a village in Malin. The landslide occured due to heavy rainfall and around 151 people died and 100 people went missing after the disaster.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 11 Transport and Communication Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 11 Transport and Communication

Class 9 Geography Chapter 11 Transport and Communication Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Differentiate between:

(A) Railways and roadways
Answer:

(B) Transportation and communication
Answer:

(C) Conventional and modern means of communication.
Answer:

2. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
‘Newspapers are used for communication’. Explain the statement.
Answer:

• The news related to economic events, politics, social issues, culture, education, etc. are published in newspapers.
• Newspapers arecheap means of communication. Through newspapers information gets spread to masses at a time.
• Newspapers are published in various languages.
• In this way, newspapers are used for communication.

Thus, newspapers are used for communication.

Question 2.
Explain how T.V. is a cheap means of communication.
Answer:

• Various programs, serials, etc. related to entertainment, social issues, culture, education, politics, economic events, sports, weather conditions, etc. are broadcasted on television.
• Through television the information is exchanged to masses at a time with high speed.
• Television can broadcast both audio and video for communication. In this way, television is a cheap means of communication.

Thus, TV is a cheap means of communication.

Question 3.
What types of communications can be done through mobiles?
Answer:

• Calling and SMS (Short message system) facilitates easy one-to-one communication, using mobiles anywhere and at any time.
• Video conferencing and applications like ‘Whatsapp’ allow one to communicate with many people simultaneously.
• Various functions like, money transfer, payment of bills, purchase of goods and services and online trading can be done using smart phones’ various apps like BHIM, SBI anywhere, etc.
• Internet and social media can also be accessed through mobile phones.

3. Name them on the basis of the given information:

Question 1.
Five cities with airways services in Maharashtra
Answer:
Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Kolhapur, Aurangabad, Nashik and Nanded.

Question 2.
Services available in post offices
Answer:

• Financial Services: Saving schemes, insurance services and mutual fund.
• Mail services: Speed post, postcard, parcel and courier.

Question 3.
National Highways near your area
Answer:

• Mumbai- Goa Highway (NH 66)
• Mumbai- Bangaluru highway (NH 04)
• Mumbai- Agra Highway (NH 08)
  Note: Answer may vary.

Question 4.
Ports along the coast of Maharashtra
Answer:

• Malvan
• Venture
• Vasai
• Dahanu
• Gharapuri

4. Identify the relation and match the columns making a chain

Answer:

5. Read the following maps and answer the questions:

Question 1.
In which region do you find a dense network of transport routes in the map?
Answer:
The central part of the district has dense network of transport routes.

Question 2.
How is the physiography of the region with dense network?
Answer:
The central part of the district has lower and medium elevation as compared to the Western part.

Question 3.
Which region has a sparse network of transport routes?
Answer:
The transport network is sparse in the Eastern part of the district.

Question 4.
How is the physiography of this region?
Answer:
The region with sparse network of transport . routes is comparatively of lower and medium elevations.

Question 5.
Look for the region lacking transport routes.
Answer:
The Western region lacks transport routes.

Question 6.
What kind of obstruction can you find there?
Answer:
Sahyadri Mountains and Shivsagar reservoir of Koyna dam are the obstructions found here.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 11 Transport and Communication Intext Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Complete the following table:

Answer:

Can you tell?

We have given some specific conditions. In this context, tell with reasons which means of transport route will you take?

Question 1.
You have to reach Bhopal from Nagpur due to some emergency.
Answer:
Airways : As it is the fastest mode of transport.

Question 2.
You have to reach Kanyakumari carrying the message of cleanliness. There is no time limit for it.
Answer:
Roadways : Since roadways connect even the remotest places the message can reach to all persons.

Question 3.
Send the Alphonso mangoes from Konkan to Arab countries.
Answer:
Airways – Since mango is a perishable commodity, the fastest mode of transportation is used. ,

Question 4.
Indrayani variety of rice has to be exported from Pune to Cape Town of South Africa at low expenditure.
Answer:
In such conditions, we will choose waterways as a route and ship as a means of transport. Because rice is comparatively durable agricultural good in the given situation it has to be transported at low cost.

Question 5.
Large-scale production of vegetables in Nandurbar has taken place but is not fetching a good price. The Nagpur-Surat National Highway and the Surat-Bhusawal Railway line passes through the district.
Answer:
In a given situation, we will choose roadways and railways as a route and truck and goods’ ways/train respectively as a means of transport. Because the highway and railway line that pass through the district, connects the important towns and cities from the district.

Question 6.
You have to go to Singapore from your village/ town. You have 10 days to do the same.
Answer:
Roadway and Airways: I will first reach the nearest airport of a city by road and then take an Airway. It is the fastest mode of transport.

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Make a list of various means of communication you are aware of.
Answer:
Letters, radio, television, telephones, mobile phones, newspaper, internet, satellites etc. are the various means of communication.

Question 2.
How many of these do you actually use? Make a box around them.
Answer:

Question 3.
For what do you use them ?
Answer:
We use these means of communication to exchange important information, ideas, opinions etc. with friends, parents, relatives and teachers.

Question 4.
Who uses the remaining means ?
Answer:
The remaining means are used by parents, other relatives, businessmen from locality and government agencies.

Can you do it?

Observe the image and the instructions given on page 87 of the textbook and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which are the dates mentioned in the image?
Answer:
The dates mentioned are 15/5/2017 and 19/5/2017

Question 2.
What does the information in the image tell?
Answer:
The image informs that the person’s email account has been hacked. He cannot access his important files as they have been encrypted and to recover his files, he will have to pay a certain amount to the hacker.

Question 3.
What is the price asked for recovering the files and in what currency?
Answer:
The price asked for recovering the files is 300 US dollars in bitcoins.

Question 4.
What is the type of crime here?
Answer:
This is a cyber crime.

Give it a try
Think about the transport issues you come across during your journeys. Write the innovative changes you would suggest in the transport routes or means in your copy.

Question 1.
Congested city roads and Pollution
Answer:
Electric cars which are smaller and smarter.

Question 2.
Time-consuming travel
Answer:
Dedicated bus corridors, carpooling, more number of Expressways.

Give it a try

Question 1.
Look for the other uses of artificial satellites? Try to understand how they are related to your daily life?
Answer:
(a) The other uses of artificial satellites are as follows:

• Studying about other planets.
• Live broadcasting of a program/event from any region of the earth.
• Studying the resources on the earth’s surface.
• Regional planning.
• Planning defense strategies.
• Forecasting weather etc.

(b) The artificial satellites are directly or indirectly related to personal, social, educational, economic, cultural, political aspects in everyone’s daily life. For eg. through artificial satellites, one can enjoy a live program like award functions/cricket match, etc. on television.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 11 Transport and Communication Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the statement choosing the correct option from the bracket:

Question 1.
The price of the goods can be kept low if the transportation is ………….. .
(a) feasible
(b) expensive
(c) costly
(d) affordable
Answer:
(d) affordable

Question 2.
…………… growth gets a boost due to transportation.
(a) Physical
(b) Culture
(c) Economic
(d) Political
Answer:
(c) Economic

Question 3.
Freight transport through …………… is costlier than railways.
(a) trucks
(b) horses
(c) bullock-cart
(d) yak
Answer:
(a) trucks

Question 4.
The western part of Satara district is occupied by the …………… of its off shoots.
(a) Vindhyas
(b) Satpudas
(c) Sahyadris
(d) Aravallis
Answer:
(c) Sahyadris

Question 5.
The use of RORO (Roll on Roll off) services started in …………… railways in India.
(a) Goa
(b) Maharashtra
(c) Konkan
(d) Pune
Answer:
(c) Konkan

Question 6.
In the modem age, man-made …………… are an important and effective means of communication.
(a) planets
(b) asteroids
(c) satellites
(d) rockets
Answer:
(c) satellites

Question 7.
Satellite images obtained by …………… facilitate study of resources on Earth’s surface and help in regional planning.
(a) GPS
(b) radio
(c) remote sensing1
(d) drones
Answer:
(c) remote sensing

Question 8.
Communication is not just limited to talking on telephones or sending messages but …………… is also available now.
(a) tele-calling
(b) STD-Calling
(c) video-calling
(d) Local-calling
Answer:
(c) Video-calling

Question 9.
There is a correlation between transport routes and the …………… of region.
(a) soil type
(b) rainfall
(c) climate
(d) physiography2
Answer:
(d) physiography

Question 10.
Transport facilities can develop well in …………… region.
(a) mountainous
(b) plain
(c) forest
(d) plateau
Answer:
(b) plain

Question 11.
Shiv sagar reservoir of the …………… dam is located in the Satara district.
(a) Ram Krishna
(b) Bhakra-Nagal
(c) Koyna
(d) Tehri
Answer:
(c) Koyna

Question 12.
The …………… part of Satara district has a dense transport network.
(a) Western
(b) Central
(c) Eastern
(d) Southern
Answer:
(b) central.

Write answers in one sentence

Question 1.
What is transportation?
Answer:
The movement of goods and people from one place to another is called transportation.

Question 2.
Which are the different kinds of transport routes?
Answer:
Roadways, railways, waterways, airways and pipelines are the different kinds of transport routes.*

Question 3.
For what reasons does a region become devoid of any transport route?
Answer:
Due to mountains, valleys, rivers, reservoirs

1. remote sensing – obtaining information regarding any place or an object without actually establishing direct contact with it is called remote sensing.
2. physiography – nature and slope of land and undulating1 topography2 a region becomes devoid of any transport route.

Question 4.
Why does a dense network of transportation develop in some regions?
Answer:
A dense network of transportation develops in some regions due to lower and medium elevation, plains, flat and regular topography, etc.

Question 5.
What does Ro-Ro transport stand for?
Answer:
Ro-Ro transport is Roll-on, Roll-off transport.

Question 6.
Why was the Ro-Ro transport introduced?
Answer:
Freight transport by trucks is costlier than railways, so as a solution the Ro-Ro transport has been introduced.

Question 7.
What are Cyber Crimes?
Answer:
Crimes like website/email hacking, theft of information, economic frauds, wars, terrorism, etc. that are committed by using computers and internet are called ‘cyber crimes’.

Question 8.
How are BHIM app, SBI anywhere app useful?
Answer:
BHIM App, SBI Anywhere app, helps us to pay various bills, sell, buy and carry out various transactions through mobile phones.

Question 9.
Where was Ro-Ro service introduced for the first time in India?
Answer:
Ro-Ro service, was introduced for the first time in India by the Konkan Railway.

Give Reasons:

Question 1.
The development of transportation is an indicator of the development of that region.
Answer:

• With development of transportation there is an increase in the movement of freight and passengers of that region.
• Development of transportation develops industries and markets.
• Per capita Income (PCI) and Gross Domestic product (GDP) increases leading to economic growth.
• So it is said that development of transportation is an indicator of the development of that region.

Question 2.
Green Corridor saves many lives.
Answer:

1. Green Corridor is a route cleared of all traffic obstacles, so that a dead person’s (donor’s) organs can be speedily transported to the receiver
2. It is called ‘green’ corridor because the traffic lights are turned green for the speedy movement of the vehicle carrying the organ.
3. Thus, Green Corridor saves many lives.

Question 3.
Ro-Ro Transport helps to reduce cost of transport.
Answer:

• In Ro-Ro (Roll-on, Roll-off) transport, the trucks loaded with goods are transported to desired railway stations through a goods train.
• From there the trucks take the goods ahead to the desired locations.
• Ro-Ro transport helps to reduce the cost of transport as railways are used for the part of the distance.
• Ro-Ro transport also reduces cost of fuel and pollution caused by trucks.

Answer in details:

Question 1.
Give the Importance of transportation.
Answer:
Transportation is a basic infrastructure.
The development of transportation infrastructure is an indicator of the development of the particular region or a country.

The importance of transportation can be explained with the help of the following points :

• Extending trade and network.
• Rapid industrialisation.
• Availability of employment opportunities.
• Regional connectivity.
• Utility of the site.
• Overcoming scarcity (deficit).
• Decreasing regional imbalance1.
• Tourism development.

Question 2.
Give the Importance of a communication system.
Answer:

• Communication or exchange of information is an important process in today’s era. Communication is basic infrastructure.
• Man-made satellites are an important and effective means of communication.
• The exchange of messages through mobiles, watching progammes on television, getting updates of climatic condition etc. is possible simultaneously through man-made satellites.
• Satellite images obtained by remote sensing facilitate study of resources on earth’s surface and helps in regional planning.
• Many apps which can be used on mobile phones have been developed for the same.
• For e.g. BHIM app, SBI anywhere, etc. By using these communicational facilities, we can pay various bills, sell and buy goods and services and carry other such transactions.
• Nowadays, communication is not just limited to talking on telephone or sending messages but also video calling is available now.

Explain:

Question 1.
Factors to be kept in mind while selecting the route way and the means of transport.
Answer:
The following factors should be kept in mind while selecting the route way and means of transport:

• Distance
• Duration
• Cost
• Time
• Products
• Climate
• Market
• Routes and means
• Physiography

Question 2.
Importance of Transportation.
Answer:

1. The development of transportation infrastructure is an indicator of the development of the country or that region.
2. The reforms in the transport sector enhance the dynamicity of freight and passengers in a region.
3. Industries and markets develop. Economic growth gets a boost. Per Capita Income (PCI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increases too.
4. Transportation leads to –
   • Extending trade and network
   • Rapid industrialisation
   • Availability of employment opportunities
   • Regional connectivity
   • Utility of the site
   • Overcoming scarcity (weakness)
   • The decrease in regional imbalance
   • Tourism development

Question 3.
Importance of man-made satellites.
Answer:

• In the modern age, man-made satellites are an important and effective means of communication.
• The exchange of messages through mobiles, watching programmes on TV and getting updated information regarding climatic conditions is possible simultaneously through man-made satellites.
• Satellite images obtained by remote sensing facilitate study of resources on earth’s surface and help in regional planning.

Thus, man-made satellites are important.

Question 4.
Green Corridor.
Answer:

• It happens that sometimes a dead person has donated his organs.
• In such cases, such organs need to be transported from the donor’s location to the receiver urgently.
• For this organ transfer, all types of routes are cleared of all obstacles. This is called Green Corridor.
• Consequently, this kind of rapid transport corridor can save the receiver’s life.

Question 5.
Threats associated with means of communication.
Answer:

• Besides facilities, means of communication have a few threats associated with them.
• Many crimes are happening through the internet like website/email hacking, fraud, theft, attack, wars and terrorism. Possibilities of threats like theft of information, economic frauds, attacking important websites etc. arise.
• Therefore, one should take precautions while using social networks.
• One should not reveal personal information before ensuring safety.
• One should not put any sensitive information or personal information on social networking sites, blogs, etc.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 9 Trade Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 9 Trade

Class 9 Geography Chapter 9 Trade Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Classify the trade taking place between the following regions:

(1) Maharashtra and Punjab
(2) India and Japan
(3) Lasalgaon and Pune
(4) China and Canada
(5) India and European Union
Answer:
(1) Internal trade
(2) International trade
(3) Internal trade
(4) International trade
(5) International trade

2. Write the correct word- Import or Export for the following :

(1) India buys crude oil from the Middle-East Asian countries.
(2) Wheat is sent to Asian countries from Canada.
(3) Japan sends machine parts to APEC countries.
Answer:
(1) Import
(2) Export
(3) Export

3. Correct and rewrite the wrong statements:

(A) India is a self-sufficient country.
Answer:
India is not a self-sufficient country as it depends on other countries for crude oil, machinery, etc.

(B) The place where there is excess production does not have demand for those products.
Answer:
The place where there is excess production more creates ‘supply’ for those products.

(C) International trade processes are easier than local trade.
Answer:
International trade processes are relatively more difficult than local trade.

4. Identify and write the type of trade:

(A) Srushti brought sugar from the grocery shop.
Answer:
Retail Trade.

(B) The traders from Surat bought cotton from the farmers of Maharashtra.
Answer:
Wholesale Trade.

(C) Sameer has exported pomegranates from his farms to Australia.
Answer:
International Trade.

(D) Sadabhau bought 10 sacks of wheat and 5 sacks of rice from Market Yard for selling in his own shop.
Answer:
Wholesale Trade.

5. Write answers in short:

(A) Create a flowchart showing the types of trade
Answer:
Trade refers to buying and selling for fulfilling each other’s needs.
Trade is divided into two categories:

• On the basis of the quantity of goods.
• On the basis of the extent of trade region.
  

(B) Explain the difference in types of balances of trade.
Answer:
The difference between the import and export values of a country in a specific period is called balance of trade.
The different types of balance of trade are:

• Unfavourable Balance of Trade: When the value of imports is more than the value of exports, it is called ‘Unfavourable Balance of Trade.’
  
• Favourable Balance of Trade: When the value of exports is more than the value of imports, it is called ‘Favourable Balance of Trade.’
• Balanced Balance of Trade: When the value of exports and imports is almost the same, it is called ‘Balanced Balance of Trade.’
  

(C) State the objectives of WTO.
Answer:
WTO stands for World Trade Organisation. The main objectives of WTO are:

• To provide platform for negotiations in international trade.
• To handle the differences related to trade.
• To monitor the trade policies of member states.
• To provide a technological assistance and training to developing countries.

(D) What is the difference between the OPEC and APEC in terms of their functions?
Answer:

(E) Write the functions of the important trade organisations in Asia.
Answer:
Important trade organisations in Asia are:
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

• To expand social and cultural harmony along with economic growth in South East Asia.
• To promote regional peace.
• To promote tax waivers for trade growth in member states.

Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC)

• To promote free trade and economic co¬operation in the Asia-Pacific Ocean region.
• To promote regional and technical co-operation among members.

(F) What is the importance of marketing from farmers ‘point of view’?
Answer:
Marketing involves price of a commodity, its sales promotion, its advertising and its proper distribution.

• In the traditional marketing system, the farmers used to sell their products in the local market at whatever price available. This is because the fruits and vegetables are perishable, so the farmers used to incur losses,
• However, the modem farmers have acquired skills in marketing. They are aware of the trends in the market.
• They produce food grains and fruits as per the international standards.
• They undertake grading and packaging of their products. The presentation of any product has become indispensable now.
• They advertise the quality of their product and keep the same for sale, along with samples, in the mall.
• These commercial-minded farmers contact the supermarkets and exporters through the internet.
• As a result, their products are sold at a higher price in the malls. They also fetch a good price from exports.
• Thus marketing is as important as the cultivation of crops. By following modem marketing techniques, the income of the farmers can increase and that can improve their standard of living.

6. In the following table, export-import of some countries in the year 2014-15 is given in million U.S. dollars. Make a compound bar graph of the given statistical information. Read the bar diagram carefully and comment upon the balance of payments of the respective countries.

Answer:

• China has a balance of trade.
• India, USA and Brazil have an unfavourable balance of trade.
• The volume of international trade of China and the USA is maximum.
• International trade of India and Brazil is insignificant.
• International trade is dominated by China and the USA.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 9 Trade Intext Questions and Answers

Make friends with maps!

Find out the names of the member-states of the following organisation with the help of internet. Show these member nations on the outline map given in the figure using different colour for each organisation.
(1) OPEC member – countries
(2) SAARC member – countries
Answer:

(1) OPEC member- countries
Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Qatar, Libya, The United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Angola, Equatorial Guinea (2017).

(2) SAARC countries
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.

Can you tell?

With a lot of hard work Dhondiba used to grow best varieties of vegetables and other agricultural commodities. But his products could not fetch a good price. His college-going son, saw this situation and he first packed the commodities nicely after cleaning them neatly. Then he contacted the supermarket in the town. Looking at the quality of his product, they advertised the farm product and kept it for sale in the mall. Today, Dhondiba’s commodities are being sold for higher prices than before.

Question 1.
Why did Dhondiba’s commodities start getting higher prices?
Answer:
For any commodity to be accepted in the market and fetch a better price, it should have an appropriate presentation. The price of the commodity is determined by its quality, its grading and how it is presented before the customer. Dhondiba’s son who was educated, realized this and took the necessary actions in time which helped Dhondiba to fetch better price.

Question 2.
What did Dhondiba’s son do for that?
Answer:
Dhondiba’s college-going son realised that the agricultural commodities sold by his father lacked proper presentation and marketing. So he adopted modem marketing practices like cleaned the commodities well and packed them nicely. He then got in touch with the supermarket in the town. The supermarket was impressed with the quality of Dhondiba’s products, they advertised the farm product and kept it for sale in the mall. Dhondiba’s commodities were in great demand and sold at higher prices than before.

Question 3.
What measures would you suggest to the farmers near you so that then commodities can fetch a good price?
Answer:
Some of the measures that we can suggest to the farmers so that then commodities can fetch a better price are:

• Clean their vegetables, fruits well.
• Grade the commodities.
• Pack them nicely.
• Advertise their farm products.
• Sell it in the market.

Give it a try.

Obtain information regarding the bilateral trade between India and Japan for any financial year and the value of the export and import of major goods. Write two paragraphs on it.
Answer:
India’s Trade with Japan (April 2016-Jan 2017)

This shows that India has an Unfavourable Balance of Trade with Japan, in which the value of Imports is more than the value of Exports.

India’s major exports to Japan
Petroleum products, Iron ore, Fish Meat (including lobsters, crabs, shrimps etc) Motor parts, Insecticides, Fungicides, Turbo-jets, Gas turbines etc.

India’s major imports from Japan
Iron and Steel Products, Transport Equipments, Plastic, Machinery items like Drilling Platforms, Floating Cranes, Printing machinery etc.

Think about it.

Question 1.
What will happen if there is only one currency used in the whole world?
Answer:
The European Union is an example, which has one common currency ‘Euro’.
Advantages of having one common currency. If the whole world has one common currency, international trade will become much easier and move will increase international trade also. Disadvantages of having one common currency.

If all the countries adopt one common currency, there will be one uniform policy. No country will be able to have their own monetary and fiscal policy.

Find out.

You get products from other places. Similarly, find out where the special products/items made in your village/city are sent?
Answer:
I live in Mumbai.
Special products exported from Mumbai and where they are sent:
Cotton textiles – China, USA
Commercial vehicles – Mexico, South Africa

Try this.

(I) Obtain the following information.

Question 1.
Make a list of commodities which you use daily.
Answer:
Toothpaste, powder, tea, hair oil, biscuits, food grains.

Question 2.
Who uses these commodities?
Answer:
We as consumers use these commodities.

Question 3.
Write the sources of supplies of these commodities.
Answer:
Producers are the source of supplies.

Question 4.
From where do you buy these commodities?
Answer:
Retail Shop.

Question 5.
What do you call the act of buying and selling?
Answer:
Trade.

Question 6.
What does the shopkeeper take in lieu of the commodity?
Answer:
The shopkeeper takes money (currency) in lieu of the commodity.

(II) A list of few goods you regularly use at home, is given here. Write the names of the product, the producer company’s name and the source of information in front of it.

 Choice may vary from consumer to consumer.

(F) Use your brain power! (Textbook Page no. 70) Suppose you are a trader and you want to sell your product in other states of the country and also in other parts of the world

Question 1.
Which of these is an easier way of doing trade?
Answer:
To sell the product in other states of the country, domestic or internal trade is easier. To sell the product in other parts of the world, international trade, i.e. export trade is done

Question 2.
Which trade can bring some limitations?
Answer:
International trade.

Question 3.
Look for reasons behind them
Answer:
Factors like economy of the country, government policis, markets, laws, judicial system, currency, language and political relation between the two trading countries can bring limitations in international trade.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 9 Trade Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the statements choosing a colored option from the bracket:

Question 1.
…………………. refers to buying and selling goods and services to fulfill each other’s needs.
(a) Trade
(b) Business
(c) Labelling
(d) Branding
Answer:
(a) Trade

Question 2.
When there is buying and selling of goods it is called ………………….. trade.
(a) invisible
(b) visible
(c) impossible
(d) possible
Answer:
(b) visible

Question 3.
Buying and selling in large quantities is called ………………….. trade.
(a) wholesale
(b) retail
(c) invisible
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) wholesale

Question 4.
………………….. trade refers to buying and selling in small quantities.
(a) Invisible
(b) Retail
(c) Wholesale
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Retail

Question 5.
………………….. trade means buying goods and services from another country
(a) Export
(b) Retail
(c) Wholesale
(d) Import
Answer:
(d) Import

Question 6.
When the value of imports is more than the value of exports it is called ………………….. balance of trade.
(a) favourable
(b) unfavorable
(c) balanced
(d) possible
Answer:
(b) unfavorable

Question 7.
………………….. was formed to control the international trade of crude oil.
(a) OPEC
(b) APEC
(c) ASEAN
(d) WTO
Answer:
(a) OPEC

Question 8.
BRICS stands for …………………. .
(a) Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, China and Sudan
(b) Belgium, Rome, India, China and South Africa
(c) Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
Answer:
(b) Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa

Question 9.
………………….. was formed to establish an integrated market2 in member nations in Europe.
(a) EU
(b) ASEAN
(c) BRICS
(d) OPEC
Answer:
(a) EU

Question 10.
………………….. trade means the exchange of goods and services of one country with other countries.
(a) Retail
(b) Wholesale
(c) International
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) International

Match the following:

Question 1.

Answer:
(1 – b),
(2 – a),
(3 – c)

Question 2.

Answer:
(1 – d),
(2 – c),
(3 – a)

Question 3.

Answer:
(1 – b),
(2 – c),
(3 -a)

Write answers in one sentence each:

Question 1.
What do you mean by trade?
Answer:
Trade refers to buying and selling of goods and services to fulfil each other’s needs.

Question 2.
What is visible trade3?
Answer:
When there is buying and selling of goods it is known as visible trade.

Question 3.
What is invisible trade4?
Answer:
When there is exchange of services, it is known as invisible trade.

Question 4.
Who conducts wholesale trade?
Answer:
Wholesale trade is conducted by wholesalers.

Question 5.
What do you mean by domestic trade?
Answer:
Domestic or internal trade is the trade that takes place within the geographical boundaries of one country. For eg. Trade between Maharashtra and Gujarat.

Question 6.
What is international trade?
Answer:
International trade means buying and selling of goods and services between two or more countries. For example, trade between USA and India.

Question 7.
What do you mean by import trade?
Answer:
Import trade means buying goods and services from another country. For eg. India imports crude oil from Kuwait.

Question 8.
What is export trade?
Answer:
When country sells its goods and services to another country, it is called export trade. For eg. India exports rice to USA.

Question 9.
What is balance of trade?
Answer:
The difference between the import and export values of a country in a specific period is called balance of trade.

Question 10.
What do you mean by unfavourable balance of trade?
Answer:
When the value of imports is more than the value of exports it is called unfavourable balance of trade.

Question 11.
What is favourable balance of trade?
Answer:
When the value of exports is more than the value of imports it is called favourable balance of trade.

Question 12.
What is balanced balance of trade?
Answer:
When the value of exports and imports is almost same, it is called balanced balance of trade.

Question 13.
What is WTO?
Answer:
WTO stands for World Trade Organisation.

Question 14.
What does EU stand for?
Answer:
EU stands for European Union which comprises of 28 European countries.

Question 15.
What does OPEC stand for?
Answer:
OPEC stands for Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Question 16.
Give extended form of.
(i) SAARC
(ii) ASEAN
(iii) APEC
(iv) BRICS
Answer:
(i) SAARC – South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation.
(ii) ASEAN – Association of South-East Asian Nations.
(iii) APEC – Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation.
(iv) BRICS – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.

Some economic organisations of the world

Give Reason

Question 1.
Some international economic organisations were set up
Answer:
Some international economic organisations were set up:

• To smoothen the process of trade between countries of different economic status.
• To facilitate the growth of international trade.

Question 2.
The Consumer Protection Act been enacted
Answer:

1. The Consumer Protection Act has been enacted to protect the consumers from fraudulent traders supplying sub-standard products.
2. Many advertisements make exaggerated statements to cheat the consumers and these advertisements use incorrect information.
3. The Consumer Protection Act empowers consumers with their rights and duties. Consumers have right to complain and seek redressal.

Explain the following:

Question 1.
What do you mean by wholesale trade?
Answer:

• In wholesale trade, the traders buy goods on a large scale from industrialists, farmers, etc. For eg. the orchard owners of mangoes or oranges sell their entire production to wholesale traders.
• The wholesalers in turn sell these commodities to the retail traders.

Question 2.
What is retail trade?
Answer:

• The process of buying in small quantities from wholesalers and selling in small quantities to the consumers is called retail trade.
• For eg. the shopkeepers selling food grains, vegetable vendors in markets.

Question 3.
What is marketing?
Answer:

• An invisible flow develops when a product goes from producer1 to consumer.
• The commercial functions involved in this flow are collectively called marketing.

Answer in brief :

Question 1.
Explain the importance of trade.
Answer:
The importance of trade are:

• Trade is an important economic activity.
• The economic life of people is dependent on each other.
• No region or country is self-sufficient.
• Trade between two regions is necessary to fulfill the needs of the people.
• As each region has different geographical conditions, each region produces specific commodities.

Question 2.
What is barter trade?
Answer:

• In ancient and medieval periods, trade was done through barter system.
• Barter trade means exchange of commodities for commodities without using money, is a medium.
• For eg. grains in exchange of work done or salt exchanged for oil.
• But it created the problem of estimating the price of a commodity correctly. As a result, currency started being used.

Question 3.
Mention the functions of the European Union.
Answer:
The main functions of the European Union are:

• Establishing an integrated market in member nations amongst Europe.
• Free flow of goods, services and capital in Europe.
• Custom duties have been cancelled on exchange of goods within members.
• Common ‘Euro’ currency for the member countries.

Question 4.
Which factors influence trade?
Answer:
The factors which influence trade are:

• Factors like the economy of the country, government policies, markets, laws, judicial systems, currency, language, etc. influence trade.
• Political relations between two countries also influence trade between them.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 10 Urbanisation Human Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 10 Urbanisation Human

Class 9 Geography Chapter 10 Urbanisation Human Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Suggest measures for the following problems:

(A) The slums in the cities are increasing.
Answer:

• Creating more job opportunities in the rural areas so that migration is minimised.
• Poverty alleviation schemes need to be implemented to improve the standard of living of the poor.
• Initiative for improvement of sanitation, housing and other facilities must be facilitated.

(B) Because of the increasing traffic jams within the city, lot of time is consumed in commuting.
Answer:

• To reduce traffic jams, carpooling is a great way to get to and fro work.
• Planning the route in advance will help to avoid any road construction or other traffic jams.
• Making use of public transportation like Railways, BEST, etc. will also help in reducing traffic congestion and precious fuel.

(C) The question of law and order in the urban areas is serious.
Answer:

• Many crimes are due to poverty and unemployment. Poverty alleviation and employment generation programmes should be given priority.
• The semi-literate / educated unemployed persons should be given skill-training and be prepared for self-employment.
• The police and the judicial system “should be strengthened to wipe out criminals.

(D) The problem of pollution is grave because of urbanisation.
Answer:

• Walking or cycling to the work place will not only help in improving the health conditions of individuals but will also help in reducing pollution.
• Cities need to green up (plant more trees) as trees are considered to be the natural purifiers.
• Strict action should be taken against polluting industrial units.

(E) Migration has created questions of health and education in urban areas.
Answer:

• Migration from rural to urban areas can be reduced if employment opportunities are provided in the rural areas.
• Infrastructure like transport, electricity, public distribution system, etc. need to be provided in the rural areas.
• Educational institutes and health centres need to be upgraded in the rural areas.

2. Match the correct pairs :

Group A – Group B
(1) Technological development and mechanization – (A) Urban areas
(2) Permanently staying away from your original place – (B) Lack of planning
(3) 75% males are engaged in non-agricultural occupation – (C) Migration
(4) The problems of solid waste – (D) Urbanisation
Answer:
(1-d),
(2- c),
(3 – a),
(4 – b)

3. Outline the importance/ advantages of the following:

(A) Technology and mechanisation
Answer:

• Technology and mechanisation increase industrial production, creates employment and is useful for urbanisation.
• In recent decades, the use of technology and mechanisation has increased in agriculture.
• Due to the mechanisation of agriculture, the surplus manpower employed in agriculture have become devoid of agricultural work.
• This working class started coming to cities to look for work and as a result urban population started increasing.

(B) Trade
Answer:

• When a place in a region is favourable in terms of transport, loading-unloading and storage of goods, it developes into a trade centre.
• This leads to the growth of business complexes, banks, credit societies, godowns, cold storage, houses, etc.
• For example, Nagpur’s central location has facilitated trade and hence urbanisation has also taken place here.

(C) Industrialisation
Answer:

• Industrialisation leads to increase in the hopes of people who are attracted towards the industries from surrounding areas for employment.
• Rapid growth of Mumbai in the 19th century was due to the textile mills which were started here.
• Many fishing villages (Koliwadas) became part of Mumbai metropolitan2 area due to industrialisation and urbanisation.

(D) Amenities in urban areas
Answer:

• Urbanisation leads to development of a number of amenities and facilities in urban areas.
• Transportation, communication, educational facilities, medical facilities, fire brigade, various sources of entertainment, etc. are examples of amenities in urban areas.
• A good transportation not only makes a journey easier but also has a positive effect on freight transport, development of markets, trade, etc.
• Development of higher educational facilities in urban areas attract students from rural areas to urban areas. E.g. Pune.
• Development of high quality medical facilities in urban areas bring many patients and their family members from different parts of India to these areas.

(E) Social harmony in the cities
Answer:

• Social harmony refers to the exchange of cultural and social customs and traditions as people from different parts live together in the cities.
• An increase in urbanisation leads to an increase in secondary, tertiary and quaternary occupation.
• This results in an increase in employment opportunities due to which people from different parts of the country come to cities and there is an exchange of customs and traditions.

4. Compare the following and give examples:

(A) Transportation system and traffic jams
Answer:

• As cities grow, people start living on the outskirts and in the suburbs of the city.
• People commute to the centre of the city for businesses and industries, trade, jobs, education, etc.
• Public transportation system is insufficient and hence the number of private vehicles increase.
• This results in an increase in traffic jams and a lot of time is consumed in travelling from one place to another.
  e.g. Although Mumbai has a well developed transportation system it is insufficient to fulfil the growing needs of people.

Hence, traffic jams are a frequent site in different pockets of Mumbai.

(B) Industrialisation and air pollution
Answer:

• Industrialisation refers to the growth in number of industries in a particular region.
• As more and more industries crop up, it becomes convenient for the industries to violate the environmental laws.
• Paucity of facilities, insensitivity towards environment are the other factors which leads to an increase in the pollution level.
• Hence, Industrialisation and Air pollution are the two aspects of the same coin.
  e.g. Delhi, Faridabad and Varanasi are the ! victims of rapid industrialisation leading to j severe air pollution.

(C) Migration and slums
Answer:

• The increase in the number of migratory people causes an increase in the slums.
• Generally migration from rural to urban areas takes place in search of job opportunities, which are hard to find.
• The housing facilities do not increase in the same proportion as the population, so the poor migrants can not afford the housing in the cities.
• This encourages the migrants to build illegal temporary and semi-structured houses known as slums, in open spaces. e.g. Slums in Dharavi (Mumbai city)

(D) Amenities and increasing crime
Answer:

• Amenities refers to facilities that provide comfort, convenience or pleasure to people.
• Transportation, communication, educational and medical facilities, fire brigade, etc. are the examples of amenities available in urban areas.
• Unemployed people who have migrated to the cities are unable to avail these amenities.
• This leads to an increase in thefts, burglaries, scuffles5, murders, etc. which disturb the social harmony of the cities.
  e.g. Pick pocketing in the local trains.

5. Complete the table :

Answer:

6. Explain:

(A) The growth of cities takes place in a specific method.
Answer:
Villages are transforming into cities. The growth of cities take place in a particular pattern.

• At first various industries like factories, mills, energy plants, multi-purpose projects3 etc., come up in rural areas.
• People from surrounding areas come to work here and the population of the village increases.
• To fulfill their needs other services develop like medical facilities, food, hospitals, recreation, etc.
• The Gram Panchayat gives way to a Municipal Corporation.
• These bodies provide basic services to citizens like drinking water, roads, transportation, sewerage network, street lighting etc.
• Other facilities develop like town planning recreation facilities, tourist places, parks etc.

(B) A planned city of your imagination
Answer:

• A city which is carefully planned from its inception and is constructed in a previously undeveloped area is a planned city.
• A planned city is one in which there is adequate infrastructural facilities like roads, railways, water supply, power supply, etc.
• Also, there should be open spaces available for recreation facilities.

(C) Industrialisation causes cities to develop.
Answer:

• The development and concentration of industries in a region is a factor contributing towards urbanisation.
• Increase in industries leads to increase in the hopes of people who are attracted towards these industries from surrounding areas.
• An increase in population leads to the development of infrastructural facilities like roadways, railways, power supply, water supply etc. which are the characteristics of a planned city.
• In the 19th century, Mumbai grew rapidly because textile mills started on a large scale.

(D) Pollution- A problem
Answer:

• Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into natural environment that causes adverse changes.
• Pollution can be that of air, water, noise, solid waste, etc.
• Pollution can adversely affect the human health.
• Water pollution can lead to several water borne diseases like typhoid, cholera etc. Air pollution can lead to asthma and other respiratory diseases. Noise pollution can lead to sleep disturbance, hearing impairment etc.

(E) Swachchh Bharat Abhiyan
Answer:

• Swatch Bharat Abhiyan is a cleanliness campaign run by the Government of India.
• ‘One step towards cleanliness’ is the objective of this campaign.
• This campaign aims to keep the streets and infrastructure of the country’s cities, towns and its rural areas clean.
• The funds for this programs are raised by ‘Swachchh Bharat Cess’.

7. Suggest measures for the following problems of urbanisation shown in the following pictures.

(1) Air Pollution:

Answer:

• Switching from coal, oil to natural gas as fuel in the industries.
• Industrial areas should be located at a safe distance from residential areas.

(2) Noise Pollution:

Answer:

• Follow the limits of noise level.
• Shut the door when using noisy machines.
• To restrict noise pollution lower the volume of horns, loudspeakers, etc.

(3) Solid Waste Pollution:

Answer:

• Avoid disposing and littering of solid waste in the open.
• Follow the principle of 4 R’s (Reduce, Recycle, Repair and Reuse) for non-biodegradable things.
• Segregation of dry waste and wet waste for proper disposal.

(4) Water Pollution:

Answer:

• Sewage should not be allowed to mix with water sources without getting treated.
• Avoid mixing industrial wastes and effluents directly into water sources.
• Daily household chores should be avoided at water sources.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 10 Urbanisation Human Intext Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.

(i) Why is Suresh thinking of going to the factory for work?
Answer:

• Suresh is thinking of going to the factory as it will get him a monthly salary.
• Also, if he works overtime, he will get additional money and a bonus during Diwali.

Question 2.
What is Tatya worried about?
Answer:

• Tatya is worried about the availability of labour in the agricultural field, since his son (Suresh) has decided to work in the factory.
• Also, he is worried whether his son can manage working in the field and the factory simultaneously.

Question 3.
What changes does Suresh think will occur in the village?
Answer:

• Development of goods and facilities like hospitals, schools and colleges, administrative offices, huge buildings are expected in the village.
• The above factors will lead to migration of people from different villages which will bring about rural development.

Question 4.
What other changes do you think will occur in the village?
Answer:
There “will be well planned drainage systems, pure drinking water supply, street lightning, concrete roads, public library, etc. amenities will be provided. There will be fire station to control fires, police stations to control crimes. These changes are likely to occur in the village.

Give it a try.

Question 1.
Give example of villages in your area turning into urban settlement.
Answer:

• Airoli, Nerul, Kopar Khairane, Vashi, Panvel, Taloja, Kamothe etc which comprises of Navi Mumbai (New Bombay) are the examples of villages turning into urban settlement.

Question 2.
Find out the main reason of that rural area turning into urban settlement.
Answer:
City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) planned and constructed all the railway stations, roads and public spaces in Navi Mumbai. APMC (Agricultural Produce Market Committee) which is a wholesale agricultural produce market at Vashi and Construction of Commuter railway line from Mankhurd to Vashi led to growth in economic activities and population in Navi Mumbai.

Question 3.
Obtain information regarding development of settlements, villages, towns, etc. located on the main transport routes in your surroundings in the last five years.
Answer:
In Mumbai along the Metro station route there are 2 settlements which have developed. They are Asalpha and Jagruti Nagar. Neither were very well-known places five years ago. But today they are important metro stations.

Question 4.
Make a list of cities in your district.
Answer:
I live in Thane District – Two of the cities are:

• Bhiwandi
• Badlapur.

Question 5.
Discuss which factors from above are responsible for their development.
Answer:
Factors responsible for development are:-

• Bhiwandi – Industrialisation (Textile industry)
• Badlapur – Transport (Connected to Mumbai – Pune expressway, has railway station on Mumbai – Pune route)

Question 6.
If possible, talk to people who have migrated in your surroundings or the nearest town and find out reasons of migration.
Answer:
People have migrated from Mumbai to Navi Mumbai.

The reasons are:

• Better town planning
• Better standard of living

Write five sentences on each picture after observing them.

Answer:

• In this picture the harmful gases, smoke released by the factory is causing air pollution.
• Any substance that is introduced into the atmosphere and has damaging effects on living things and the environment is called Air Pollutant.
• Air Pollution occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into the atmosphere.
• Air Pollution can lead to asthma, respiratory inflammation, decrease in living functioning and other respiratory diseases in humans.
• The Ozone layer on the planet is depleting due to increased Air Pollution.

Answer:

• The picture shows heavy smog in a city causing air pollution.
• Smog is a combination of smoke and fog.
• Usually smog results from large amounts of coal burning in an area and is caused by a mixture of smoke and Sulphur dioxide.
• It is a big problem in Beijing and New Delhi.
• Smogs cause lung diseases.

Answer:

• In this picture we can see untreated polluted water being released into a river causing water pollution.
• Water pollution is the contamination of water . bodies like lakes, rivers, oceans, etc.
• Almost 80% of water pollution is caused by domestic sewage.
• Water pollution can lead to several waterborne diseases like typhoid, cholera, dysentery, jaundice and malaria.
• Water pollution affects marine life and the environment.

Answer:

• The picture shows a washerman washing clothes in a pond, thus polluting the water.
• The soap and detergent used in bathing or washing contains certain chemicals which can pollute the water.
• Water pollution affects the aquatic life.
• Water pollution is a big menace to the economy, the environment and human health.
• We should raise the awareness among the people about the causes and effects of water pollution.

Answer:

• In this picture we can see people are affected due to noise pollution caused by the loudspeakers.
• Noise pollution is excessive noise that harms the balance of human or animal life.
• Outdoor noise can be caused by machines, construction activities, vehicular traffic, sound of train or aircrafts, loudspeakers, etc.
• Noise pollution can cause hypertension, high stress levels, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, etc.
• Thus noise pollution affects both health and behaviour.

Observe the image and answer the following questions?

(i) What does the symbol signify?
Answer:
The symbol signifies an Indian Government campaign called ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’, or ‘Clean India Movement’.

(ii) Obtain information regarding it through internet.
Answer:

• Swachchh Bharat Abhiyan is a cleanliness campaign run by the Government of India.
• The campaign involves the construction of latrines, promoting sanitation programmes in the rural areas, cleaning streets, roads and changing the infrastructure of the country to lead the country ahead.
• It is launched as a responsibility of each and every citizen to make this country a Swachh country.
• It was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the 145th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi on 2nd October, 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi.

(iii) Write how this programme is related to your daily life.
Answer:
In our daily life we see that in the rural and urban areas people are openly defecating, due to lack of latrines. This is not only an ugly sight, but also there are many adverse effects to it. There is a risk of contracting many diseases. Also it is unsafe for women and young girls.

Think about it.

Question 1.
Which facilities are necessary to be developed in urban areas for fulfilling the needs of the population?
Answer:
Facilities necessary to be developed in urban areas for fulfilling the needs of the population are:

• Adequate water supply
• Proper sewage system
• Better means of transportation
• Regular power supply
• Sanitation
• Health care centres
• Schools and colleges.

Question 2.
Why do the sources of water near the city get polluted?
Answer:
The sources of water near the city gets polluted due to garbage from construction sites, and industrial areas, improper disposal of hazardous materials from garbage disposal companies, chemical spills and improper chemical disposal, sewage leaks, etc.

Question 3.
How is the polluted water disposed off in the cities?
Answer:
Almost 80% of the water pollution is caused by domestic sewage. This untreated sewage mixes with the various water bodies and causes water pollution.

Question 4.
Is the water supplied to the cities good for health?
Answer:

• The cities have a chlorinated central water supply, managed by the government. But people living in illegal slums have been unable to legally connect to this system.
• This forces many of them to illegally tap into city water pipes.
• This has compromised the safety of the water supply through cross-contamination in many places.

Question 5.
What are the adverse effects of water, air and noise pollution on health?
Answer:
Pollution affects the health adversely. The effects are:

• Water pollution can lead to several water borne diseases like typhoid, cholera, dysentery, jaundice and malaria.
• Air pollution can lead to asthma, respiratory inflammation, lung functioning diseases and other respiratory diseases.
• Noise pollution can lead to hearing impairment, hypertension, sleep disturbance and so on.

Use your brain power!

Write a paragraph suggesting measures of these problem of urbanisation.

Question 1.
When heaps of wastes accumulate bad odour and diseases are spread.
Answer:

• To reduce the heaps of wastes reusable bags and containers must be used for shopping, travelling or packing lunches or leftovers.
• Food scraps and garden waste can be combined to form compost.
• Buy items made of recycled content and use and reuse them as much as you can.

Question 2.
Traffic jams are a regular routine.
Answer:

• To reduce traffic jams, carpooling is a great way to get to and from work.
• Planning the route in advance will help to avoid any traffic jams.
• Making use of public transportation like railway, BEST etc will also help in reducing traffic congestion and precious fuel.

Find out.

Question 1.
Look for the changes that have occurred in the technology and mechanisation of agriculture with the help of internet. Write a short paragraph about the information you obtain.
Answer:
Mechanisation was one of the main factors responsible for urbanisation and industrialisation. Besides improving the production efficiency, mechanisation encourages large scale production and also improves the quality of production. On the other hand, mechanisation also displaces unskilled farm labour and causes environmental degradation (such as pollution, deforestation and soil erosion).

Try this.

Question 1.
Using the industrial information given in the table below, draw a line graph of the percentage of urban population. Discuss in terms of urbanisation. After studying this graph write the conclusion about urbanisation in our country from 1961-2011 in your own words.
Answer:
Observations:

• The urban population has been increasing consistently from 1961 to 2011.
• The growth of urban population was about 5.5 % from 1961 to 1981.
• However, the growth of urban population was to 13.7% from 1981 to 2011.
• Industrialisation, trade, mechanisation and technology, transport and communication and migration are factors responsible for increase in urban population.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 10 Urbanisation Human Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the statements choosing a colored option from the bracket:

Question 1.
In India is the main occupation.
(a) Industries
(b) Agriculture
(c) Banking
(d) Fishing
Answer:
(b) Agriculture

Question 2.
provides public service to the village.
(a) Gram Panchayat
(b) Municipal Council
(c) Government of India
(d) Army
Answer:
(a) Gram Panchayat

Question 3.
or provides public service to the urban areas.
(a) Municipal Council / Municipal Corporation
(b) Gram Panchayat / Gram sabha
(c) High Court / Supreme Court
(d) Government of India
Answer:
(a) Municipal Council or Municipal Corporation

Question 4.
Census of India decided to define ‘Urban’ in the year
(a) 1951
(b) 1961
(c) 1971
(d) 1981
Answer:
(b) 1961

Question 5.
For an urban area more than of the male working population must be engaged in non-agricultural occupation.
(a) 70%
(b) 75%
(c) 80%
(d) 85%
Answer:
(b) 75%

Question 6.
For an urban area, the population of the settlement should be more than
(a) 3000
(b) 4000
(c) 5000
(d) 6000
Answer:
(c) 5000

Question 7.
For an urban area, the density of population should be more than persons per sq.km.
(a) 400
(b) 300
(c) 500
(d) 700
Answer:
(a) 400

Question 8.
The growth of population from 1961 to 1981 was around
(a) 3.2%
(b) 4.3%
(c) 5.5%
(d) 6.5%
Answer:
(c) 5.5%

Question 9.
The growth of population from 1981 to 2011 was around
(a) 12.73%
(b) 14.73%
(c) 13.73%
(d) 12.83
Answer:
(c) 13.73%

Question 10.
The development and concentration of industries in a region is a factor contributing towards
(a) industrialisation
(b) mechanisation
(c) urbanisation
(d) agriculture
Answer:
(c) Urbanisation

Question 11.
In 19th century Mumbai grew rapidly because of
(a) shopping malls
(b) textile mills
(c) service industries
(d) agriculture
Answer:
(b) Textile mills

Question 12.
is a centrally located part of India.
(a) Nagpur
(b) Bhopal
(c) Bilaspur
(d) Pune
Answer:
(a) Nagpur

Question 13.
In the recent decades, the use of technology has increased in
(a) industries
(b) service
(c) agriculture
(d) engineering
Answer:
(c) agriculture

Question 14.
Manpower employed in agriculture become devoid of agriculture work due to
(a) industrialisation
(b) urbanisation
(c) mechanisation
(d) rains
Answer:
(c) Mechanisation

Question 15.
Convergence of important rail routes through led to its growth.
(a) Shirdi
(b) Pune
(c) Bhusaval
(d) Nagpur
Answer:
(c) Bhusaval

Question 16.
can be short-term, long term or permanent.
(a) Population growth
(b) Migration
(c) Trade
(d) Mechanisation
Answer:
(b) Migration

Question 17.
of a region changes largely due to urbanisation.
(a) Persona
(b) Geographical boundary
(c) Characteristics
(d) Trade
Answer:
(c) Characteristics

Question 18.
An increase in occupations leads to an increase in activities.
(a) non-economic
(b) agricultural
(c) economic
(d) social
Answer:
(c) economic

Question 19.
and social customs and traditions are exchanged as people from different parts live together in the cities.
(a) Political
(b) Economic
(c) Cultural
(d) Technological
Answer:
(c) Cultural

Question 20.
Exchange of culture, customs and traditions among people in the region creates
(a) oneness
(b) brotherhood
(c) social harmony’
(d) conflicts
Answer:
(c) social harmony

Question 21.
Due to, urban settlements get an advantage of new ideas, updated technologies and technological facilities.
(a) Jobs
(b) Modernisation
(c) Crime
(d) Migration
Answer:
(b) Modernisation

Question 22
Due to urbanisation, population iii the city increases rapidly but the do not increase in the same proportion.
(a) Entertainment facilities
(b) Sanitation facilities
(c) Housing facilities
(d) Irrigation facilities
Answer:
(c) housing facilities

Question 23.
give rise to social and health related issues.
(a) Scuffles2
(b) Thetis
(c) Slums
(d) Schools
Answer:
(c) Slums

Question 24.
is a major problem in the cities.
(a) Pollution
(b) Thetis
(c) Education
(d) Entertainment
Answer:
(a) Pollution

Question 25.
is a means to earn money through illegal ways.
(a) Harmony
(b) Crime
(c) Slum
(d) Industries
Answer:
(b) Crime

Match the following:

Answer:
(1 – d),
(2 – a),
(3 – b),
(4 – c)

Answer in one sentences:

Question 1.
What is urbanisation?
Answer:
Urbanisation is a process whereby population move from rural to urban area, enabling cities and towns to grow.

Question 2.
What should be the population density of a settlement, to be defined as an urban area?
Answer:
As per the Census of India (1961), the population density of the settlement should be more than 400 persons per sq.km.

Question 3.
Why did urbanisation start increasing in Nagpur?
Answer:
As Nagpur is centrally located in India, it faciliated trade and hence, urbanisation started increasing here.

Question 4.
What led to the rapid growth of village Savarde (District Ratnagiri)?
Answer:
Savarde’s proximity to the Konkan railway and conversion of important rail routes through Bhusawal (Dist. Jalgaon), led to the rapid growth of the village Savarde.

Question 5.
Which maj or factor has affected urbanisation?
Answer:
Migration is a major factor affecting urbanisation.

Question 6.
Name the types of migration based on time?
Answer:
The types of migration based on time are:

• short-term migration
• long-term migration and
• permanent migration

Question 7.
Name the types of migration based on place?
Answer:
The types of migration based on place are:

• rural to urban
• urban to urban and
• rural to rural

Question 8.
Which kind of occupations increase with urbanisation?
Answer:
There is an increase in secondary, tertiary and quaternary occupations with urbanisation.

Question 9.
How does urbanisation lead to social harmony?
Answer:
As people from different parts start living together in the cities, cultural and social customs as well as traditions are exchanged leading to social harmony.

Question 10.
Give any one reason why modernisation and urbanisation go together.
Answer:
In urban areas, people from different regions of the country migrate and exchange their wisdom, skills and knowledge resulting in modernisation.

Question 11.
Name some amenities and facilities that develop due to urbanisation.
Answer:
Transportation, communication, educational and medical facilities, fire brigade, etc. are some amenities and facilities that develop due to urbanisation.

Question 12.
Why do many students come to Pune city?
Answer:
Many students pursuing higher education come to Pune city, as it is well-known for these facilities.

Question 13.
Why do slums lack basic facilities?
Answer:
Most of the slums are illegal, so they do not get basic facilities from the local self governments.

Question 14.
What is the main reason for increase in the crime rate in the cities?
Answer:
The people who have migrated do not always find employment in the cities and hence crime rate has increased.

Question 15.
Which factors create tension in the cities?
Answer:
Increase in crime rates, enormous increase in land prices, struggle between various groups, etc. create tension in the cities.

Question 16.
Why do the sources of water near the city get polluted?
Answer:
Almost 80% of the water pollution is caused by domestic sewage. This untreated sewage mixes with the various water bodies and causes water pollution. Thus the sources of water near the city get polluted.

Question 17.
How is the polluted water disposed off in the cities?
Answer:
In the cities polluted water is treated in the waste water treatment plants before its disposal.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 8 Introduction to Economics Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 8 Introduction to Economics

Class 9 Geography Chapter 8 Introduction to Economics Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Explain the types of economies by filling correct information in the place of questions in the circle.

Answer:

2. Give an explanation:

Question 1.
The economy begins at home.
Answer:

• Household finance is related to income and expenditure.
• Every household has unlimited expenditure and the income earned is limited.
• The household has to make a choice regarding how it has to spend its limited resources.
• Management of this limited income to meet the unlimited expenses is Economics.
• As we manage the finance of our family, similarly the villages/cities, states, countries and the whole world needs to have economic management. So we say Economy begins at home.

Question 2.
India’s economy is of mixed type.
Answer:

• Mixed economy is a combination of Capitalism and Socialism.
• India is said to be a Mixed economy because there is a co-existence of both public and the private sectors.
• The private sector undertakes production for the profit motive, whereas the state tries to achieve social welfare.
• India, therefore, tries to achieve a balance between maximum social welfare for its citizens on one hand and profit on the other. Therefore, India’s economy is of Mixed type.

Question 3.
On the basis of economies, we can divide countries into three groups.
Answer:
The activities related to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a specific region is called economy. On the basis of economies, countries are divided into three groups. Capitalist Economy, Socialist Economy and Mixed Economy.

1. Capitalistic Economy is a kind of economy in which the means of production is in the hands of the private sector, e.g. Germany, Japan, the U.S.A.
2. Socialist Economy is a kind of economy in which the means of production belongs to the society i.e. the government’s control, e.g. China, Russia.
3. Mixed Economy is a kind of economy in which there is a co-existence of both private and public sectors, e.g. India, Sweden, the U.K.

3. Write the following questions in one line:

Question 1.
To which economic factor is the management of individual or family finances related?
Answer:
Management of individual or family finances is related to the economic factor of ‘income and expenditure.

Question 2.
From which Greek word is the term ‘Economics’ derived?
Answer:
The word ‘Economics’ is derived from the Greek word ‘Oikonomia’ which means family management.

Question 3.
In a capitalistic economy, to whom does the ownership and management of means of production belong?
Answer:
In a Capitalistic Economy, the ownership and management of means of production belong to the private sector.

Question 4.
What do you mean by globalisation?
Answer:
Globalisation means aligning the country’s economy with the world economy.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 8 Introduction to Economics Intext Questions and Answers

Can you tell?
Suppose this is your expenditure this month and your monthly income is? 20,000. To strike a balance between your income and your expenditure, decide that will be your preferences for expenditure.

Rewrite the table according to your preferences and discuss in class.

Answer:
Income And Expenditure Statement

• Preferences have been rearranged to their urgency.
• Most urgent wants are placed on the top. Least urgent wants are placed at the bottom.
• Expenses have been cut down wherever possible.
• Money spent on tourism is nil.
• Mobile bill has been reduced to? 500 from? 1000.
• And Savings equals? 3000.

Can you do it?

Question 1.
Suppose you are the finance minister of an agrarian country. Giving priority to the overall development of the country, make a five-point program.
Answer:
As a Finance Minister of an Agrarian country like India, I would focus on transforming India in five areas:

• Modernization of agriculture, encouragement to export-oriented agro-processing industries.
• Education, skill-building, and healthcare.
• Information and communication technology.
• Infrastructure development for rural industrialization.
• Spirit of Entrepreneurship.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 8 Introduction to Economics Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the statements choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
The term economics’ is derived from Greek word
(a) oikomonia
(b) oikonomica
(c) oikonomia
(d) oikonomics
Answer:
(c) oikonomia

Question 2.
China and Russia have adopted type of economy.
(a) Socialistic
(b) Capitalistic
(c) Mixed
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Socialistic

Question 3.
The main motive of a economy is to earn profit.
(a) Mixed
(b) Capitalistic
(c) Simple
(d) Socialistic
Answer:
(b) Capitalistic

Question 4.
The main aim of Socialistic economy is to achieve
(a) social welfare
(b) profit
(c) injustice
(d) tolerance
Answer:
(a) social welfare

Question 5.
Germany is an example of a country which has adopted economy.
(a) Simple
(b) Socialistic
(c) Mixed
(d) Capitalistic
Answer:
(d) Capitalistic

Question 6.
Adam Smith has defined economics as the
(a) science of knowledge
(b) science of wealth
(c) science of peace
(d) science of needs
Answer:
(b) science of wealth

Question 7.
means making the country’s economy aligned with world economy.
(a) Liberalisation
(b) Privatisation
(c) Globalisation
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Globalisation

Question 8.
Economics is an important science.
(a) social
(b) political
(c) physical
(d) alternative
Answer:
(a) social

Question 9.
One of the main functions of the economy is to the production cost
(a) maximize
(b) inflate
(c) increase
(d) minimize
Answer:
(d) minimize

Question 10.
An economy strives to create a balance between resources and needs.
(a) unlimited, limited
(b) limited, unlimited
(c) plentiful, limited
(d) limited, scarce
Answer:
(b) limited, unlimited

Question 11.
is known as the Father of Economics.
(a) Lionel Robbins
(b) Prof. Samuelson
(c) Amartya Sen
(d) Adam Smith
Answer:
(d) Adam Smith

Question 12.
Economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between and scarce which have alternative uses.
(a) means, ends
(b) people, resources
(c) money, land
(d) ends, means
Answer:
(d) ends, means

Question 13.
We understand from economics, how to use, money, land and effectively.
(a) minerals, factory
(b) time, labour
(c) food grains, machines
(d) people, power
Answer:
(b) time, labour

Question 14.
On a global level, there are types of economies.
(a) four
(b) two
(c) three
(d) five
Answer:
(c) three

Question 15.
economy is a borderless economy.
(a) State
(b) Town
(c) Village
(d) World
Answer:
(d) World

Question 16.
In Globalisation, there is trade and all restrictions on are set aside.
(a) restricted, economy
(b) free, investments
(c) no, activity
(d) zero, labour
Answer:
(b) free, investments

Match the column

Answer:
(1 – b),
(2 – c),
(3 – a)

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
Define Economics.
Answer:
According to Lionel Robbins, “Economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses”.

Question 2.
What is an Economy?
Answer:
The activities related to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a specific region is called an economy.

Question 3.
What is a Capitalistic Economy?
Answer:
The economy in which the ownership and management of the means of production is in the hands of private individuals is called as a Capitalistic Economy.

Question 4.
What is the main aim of a Capitalistic Economy?
Answer:
The main aim of a Capitalistic Economy is to earn maximum profit.

Question 5.
Which countries have adopted Capitalistic Economy?
Answer:
Germany, Japan and USA are the examples of countries which have adopted Capitalistic economy.

Question 6.
What do you mean by Socialistic economy?
Answer:
The economy in which the means of production belong to the society as a whole i.e. the government’s control is known as a Socialistic economy.

Question 7.
What is the main aim of a Socialistic economy?
Answer:
The main aim of a Socialistic economy is to achieve social welfare.

Question 8.
Name Adam Smith’s book and year of publication.
Answer:
Adam Smith’s book is titled ‘Wealth of Nations/ and was published in 1776.

Question 9.
What are the types of economy at the global level?
Answer:
Capitalist, Socialist and Mixed Economy are the types of economy at the global level

Question 10.
Which economist is known as Father of Economics?
Answer:
Adam Smith is known as Father of Economics.

Question 11.
How does Adam Smith describe Economics in his ‘Wealth of Nations’?
Answer:
In the book ‘Wealth of Nations’ Adam Smith describes Economics as ‘the science of wealth’.

Question 12.
What is the World Economy?
Answer:
World Economy is a borderless economy in which natural resources, profit, services, capital, labour and technology flow freely across the countries.

Distinguish between Capitalist Economy and Socialist Economy.
Answer:

Answer the following in detail.

Question 1.
Explain the functions of an economy.
Answer:
Every country has a different economy. But the main functions of an economy are similar. Some of the main functions of an economy are:

• Deciding the product and quantity of its production.
• Deciding for whom will the goods be produced.
• Minimising the production costs as much as possible.
• Distributing national income1 according to social and economic justice2.
• Making appropriate provisions3 for the economic needs of the future.

Question 2.
Explain the importance of Economics.
Answer:
Economics is an important Social Science Subject.

• We use Economics on a large scale in agriculture, trade, finance, administration, law and in our daily life.
• Economics holds a paramount4 importance in the overall social development of humans.

Question 3.
Name the factors affecting an economy.
Answer:
The factors affecting an economy are:

• Geographical area and natural resources.
• Population
• Occupations
• Political Sovereignty

Question 4.
Write a description of Economics given by Lionel Robbins.
Answer:

• According to Lionel Robbins, “Economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses”.
• Since human wants are unlimited their priority is determined.
• The satisfaction of the basic needs are given priority.
• A scarce resource like land can be used either for agriculture or industries or development of infrastructure.
• In this way, Economics studies human behaviour related to unlimited wants with limited resources that have alternative uses.

Question 5.
Explain the nature of the Capitalist Economy.
Answer:

• The ownership and control of means of production is in the hands of the private individuals in the Capitalist Economy.
• There is no control of the government over economic activities in their ‘Free Market Economy’.
• The objective of economic activities is to earn maximum profit.
• The capitalist economy exists in Germany, Japan and the USA.

Question 6.
Explain the nature of the Socialist Economy.
Answer:

• There is no private ownership of the means of production as these belong to the society as a whole.
• There is total control of the State over the economy.
• The objective of the economic activities is the fulfilment of social needs (social welfare).
• Socialist economy exists in Russia and China.

Question 7.
What are the main features (components) of the economy?
Answer:

1. The economy is a system related to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a specific region.
2. The main features of an economy are :
   • Well defined geographical area.
   • Population, i.e. the people living within that geographical area and undertaking various economic activities.
   • Natural resources to undertake economic activities.
   • Political sovereignty that exercises control over the economy.

Question 8.
Explain the nature of globalisation.
Answer:

• Globalisation means aligning the economy of the country with the world economy.
• There is free trade and all restrictions on (foreign) investments are set aside.
• There is free flow of natural resources, profit, services, capital, labour and technology across the world.
• The aim is to establish a borderless economy.
• The recent economic policies of the government are leading the economy towards globalisation.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 4 Exogenetic Movements Part 2, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 4 Exogenetic Movements Part 2

Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Exogenetic Movements Part 2 Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Rewrite the correct statement:

Question 1.
The temperature range helps the wind in its work.
Answer:
Correct.

Question 2.
River’s work is more prominent than other agents of erosion in desert regions.
Answer:
Incorrect. Work of wind is more prominent in desert regions than other agents of erosion.

Question 3.
The work of groundwater is effective in the area with soft rocks.
Answer:
Correct.

2. Correct and rewrite the incorrect statements:

Question 1.
The ice on the lateral side of the glacier moves faster than the ice at the base.
Answer:
Incorrect. The ice on the base of the glacier moves faster than the ice on the lateral side.

Question 2.
The depositional work by rivers happens because of gentle slope, reduced speed and transported sediments.
Answer:
Correct.

Question 3.
A river flows at a faster speed than the glacier.
Answer:
Correct.

Question 4.
The speed of the glacier is more on both the banks than in the middle.
Answer:
Correct.

3. Identify the wrong pair

Question 1.
Deposition – V-shaped valley
Answer:
Wrong pair.
Correct pair is – Erosion – V-shaped valley

Question 2.
Transport – Ripple Marks
Answer:
Transport – Ripple Marks

Question 3.
Erosion – Mushroom Rocks
Answer:
Erosion – Mushroom Rocks

4. Identify and name the landforms in the following diagrams :

Answer:
(i) V-shaped valley
(ii) Gorge (Canyon)
(iii) Delta

5. Complete the following table by classifying the landforms according to their agents of erosion.
(waterfall, delta, cirque, arête, barchans, moraine, pothole, mushroom rock, sinkholes, beach, pillars, lagoons)
Rivers Wind Glacier Sea Waves Groundwater
Answer:

6. Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1.
List the landforms that are a result of the erosional work of the rivers.
Answer:
Gorges (canyons), V-shaped valleys and waterfalls are the result of the erosional work of the rivers.
(i) ‘V’ Shaped Valley:

• A ‘V shaped valley is formed due to the erosional work of a river.
• Over a period of time, the amount of load in the flow starts increasing.
• More and more energy of the river gets consumed in transporting the material.
• As a result, there is less erosion of the bed. The erosion along the banks and the slopes of the valley increases.
• Hence, the slopes recedes and the valley with near-vertical sides becomes wider, resembling the letter ‘V’.

(ii) Gorge:

• A gorge is found in the upper course of the river.
• It is a deep and narrow valley with steep sides.
• In mountainous areas, the river flows with great speed. Therefore, the bed of the river gets eroded more than its banks, giving rise to a gorge that has a steep banks and a narrow bed.

(iii) Waterfall:

• Waterfalls are formed as a result of the erosional work of a river.
• Water flowing over a hilly region cascades down a cliff, forming a waterfall.
• In the areas, where the hard and soft rocks are next to each other, the soft rocks are eroded faster than the hard ones. A difference in the height along the river bed leads to the formation of a waterfall.

Question 2.
Which agent is responsible for the formation of stalactites and stalagmites and where are they formed?
Answer:

• The work of groundwater is responsible for the formation of stalactites and stalagmites.
• In areas of limestone, the alkaline water seeps through the roof of the limestone caves.
• When this water evaporates, minerals get deposited at the bottom and at the top of the limestone caves.
• This leads to formation of stalactites and stalagmites.

Question 3.
List the landforms that are produced by the depositional work of the sea waves
Answer:
The landforms like beaches, sand bar, lagoons are formed due to depositional work of the sea waves.
(i) Beach:

• Large amount of sediments come from the landward side in areas between two adjoining headlands.
• Moreover, as these areas are shallow, the velocity of the waves decreases.
• As a result, the sediments that come from the land, as well as those coming from the deep sea, get deposited in this area.
• Predominantly fine sand gets settled along the coast.
• Such sandy deposits along the coasts are called beaches.

(ii) Lagoon:

• The brackish water separated from the seawater by sand bars and lying in the areas between the coast and bars is called a lagoon.
• As the waters are separated from the open sea, large waves are not generated.
• These lagoons run parallel to the sea coast.

(iii) Sand bars:

• Sand gets deposited along the sides of the headlands.
• The deposition extends parallel to the coast from one headland to the next.
• Over a period of time, these deposits extend over long distances forming bars that protrude into the water at some distance away from the beach.
• These are known as ‘sand bars’, Sometimes, the eroded material from the’ beach, gives rise to the sand bars.

Question 4.
Name the types of moraines.
Answer:
The glaciers carry sediments with them. These sediments are called moraines. Depending ond the location of the deposits, moraines can be divided into 4 types: ground moraines, lateral moraines, medial moraines and terminal moraines.

• The material deposited at the base of a glacier is called ground moraine.
• The material deposited along the banks of a glacier is called Lateral moraine.
• After the confluence of two glaciers, the moraine deposited in the central part of the glacier is known as medial moraine. It is formed out of . the side moraine of the inner banks of the two glaciers.
• At the end where a glacier turns into a stream, huge quantity of moraine is deposited. The stream of water is unable to carry the moraine further. As the deposited moraine is at the terminal part of a glacier, it is called terminal moraine.

7. Observe the following picture carefully. Identify the landforms formed by different agents of erosion. Number them with a pencil here and write their names in the sequence in your notebook.

(i)

Answer:
Depositional work of river

(ii)

Answer:
Depositional work of river

(iii)

Answer:
Erosional work of river

(iv)

Answer:
Depositional work of river

(2) Some pictures of the landforms formed by glaciers3 are given below. Write the function because of which they have been formed.

(i)

Answer:
Erosional work of glacier

(ii)

Answer:
Erosional work of glacier

(iii)

Answer:
Depositional work of glacier

(iv)

Answer:
Depositional work of glacier

(v)

Answer:
Erosional work of glacier

(vi)

Answer:
Erosional work of glacier

(vii)

Answer:
Depositional work of glacier

(3) Some pictures of the Iandforms produced by the work of the winds are given below. See the pictures and write in the box whether they have been formed by erosion or deposition.

(i)

Answer:
Erosional work of wind

(ii)

Answer:
Depositional work of wind

(iii)

Answer:
Depositional work of wind

(iv)

Answer:
Depositional work of wind

(v)

Answer:
Erosional work of wind

(vi)

Answer:
Erosional work of wind

(4) Some pictures of the landforms produced by the work of the sea waves are given below. See the pictures and write in the box whether they have been formed by erosion or deposition.

With the help of internet, obtain information regarding the places along the Konkan coast where you will find the landforms formed by sea waves.

(i)

Answer:
Erosional work of sea waves.

(ii)

Answer:
Depositional work of sea waves

(iii)

Answer:
Erosional work of sea waves.

(iv)

Answer:
Erosional work of sea waves.

(v)

Answer:
Erosional work of sea waves.

(vi)

Answer:
Depositional work of sea waves.

(vii)

Answer:
Depositional work of sea waves.

(5) See the pictures of the landforms produced by the work of groundwater. Write in the box below them whether they are formed through the work of erosion or deposition.

(i)

Answer:
Erosional work of ground water

(ii)

Answer:
Depositional work of ground water

Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Exogenetic Movements Part 2 Intext Questions and Answers

Draw a diagram showing landforms at the sea coast:
Answer:

Can You Tell?

Question 1.
How will you differentiate between a rill, gully, stream and a river?
Answer:
The smallest natural flow of rain water is a rill. Many rills come together to form a gully. Many gullies come together and form a stream. Many streams come together and form a river. Thus we can see that rills, gullies, streams nad rivers are the various forms of flowing water in increasing order of their size.

Question 2.
What is a river?
Answer:
Running water flows naturally in a direction according to gravity along the slope, making its own way. This is called a flow of water when many such flows of water come together a river is formed.

Question 3.
Where can you see the work by glaciers in India?
Answer:
Glaciers can be seen in the Himalayan region in India.

Question 4.
In which natural region can you see the work of glaciers at the sea level?
Answer:
We can see the work of glacier at sea level in the Polar regions (Antarctica).

Question 5.
Where will you find the landforms formed by sea waves along the Konkan coast?
Answer:
Along the Konkan coast, landforms formed by sea waves can be found at Harihareshwar, Bhagwatibandar, Shrivardhan, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg.

Think about it.

Question 1.
There are many creeks found in the coastal areas of Konkan but no delta, why?
Answer:
The Konkan coast has an indented (broken) coastline. Hence many creeks are found here. Many small seasonal rivers originate in the steep western side of the Western Ghats. As the rivers flow through the steep slopes their velocity increases. So, there is very little erosion done by them. Due to the narrow width of the Konkan coast, the rivers cover a short distance and drain in the Arabian sea. Thus they do not form estuaries rather than deltas.

Question 2.
Can you see a glacier moving just as you can observe the movement of river water?
Answer:
No

Question 3.
Ramu has to dig a well in his farm. But he is in a dilemma as to which season should he dig it so that there is water supply for a longer time. What will you suggest to Ramu?
Answer:
Ramu should dig a well during the summer season. A deep well can be dug during the summer season. This will ensure water supply not only during the monsoon and winter season but also during the next summer season.

Question 4.
Which agent has more kinetic energy of all-wind, river or glacier?
Answer:
Glacier is the agent of erosion which has the most kinetic energy of all. The glacier is a mixture of heavy soil and rock particles which are flowing. Thus it has both weight and movement.

Find out.

Question 1.
Is there any lake found near the meanders of the river? Obtain information about them.
Answer:

• Ox-Bow lakes are usually found near the meanders of a river.
• Wherever the river changes its direction, erosion takes place along the outer banks.
• If these conditions occur again and again, the river develops a zigzag path.
• Such a zigzag path is called a meandering path (course) and each loop along the path is called meander.
• When the turns in the course become acute, the limbs of a turn come very close.
• During flood, as the force of water increases, the river skips the meandering path and follows a straight path.
• The abandoned portion of the loop develops into a lake that is called an ‘ox-bow’ lake.

Question 2.
Where will you find mushroom rocks in the Deccan Plateau?
Answer:
Mushroom rocks can be found in the Hyderabad.

Question 3.
Can you find the work of wind near coastal areas? What landforms will be formed there?
Answer:
Yes, Ripple marks and sand mounds can be seen on the sand in the coastal regions.

Question 4.
Where are limestone caves, stalactites and stalagmites found in Maharashtra?
Answer:
Limestone caves, stalactites and stalagmites are found in Kanhur caves in the Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra.

Question 5.
Why are the landforms formed in limestone called Karst?
Answer:
A karst is an area of land formation created by eroding and dissolving portions of limestone or other soluble rock layers above or below the ground. According to the prevalent interpretation, the term is derived from the German name for the Karst region, a limestone plateau above the city of Trieste in the northern Adriatic.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Exogenetic Movements Part 2 Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the statements by choosing the correct options.

Question 1.
The sediments are deposited at the foothills of the mountains in a triangular area forming an/a ………….. .
(a) alluvial fan
(b) yardang
(c) delta
(d) V-shaped valley
Answer:
(a) alluvial fan

Question 2.
The sediments carried by the glacier2 are called ………….. .
(a) sediments
(b) silt
(c) moraines
(d) alluvium
Answer:
(c) moraines

Question 3.
The erosional, transportation and depositional work of wind is more prominent in ………….. .
(a) polar regions
(b) deserts
(c) temperate regions
(d) grasslands
Answer:
(b) deserts

Question 4.
When many flows of water come together a …………… is formed.
(a) gorge
(b) river
(c) glacier
(d) canyon
Answer:
(b) river

Question 5.
The water which percolates through the porous rocks on the non-porous layer of rock is termed as ………….. .
(a) glacier
(b) flood leeves
(c) ground water
(d) surface water
Answer:
(c) ground water

Question 6.
…………… is formed due to depositional work of river.
(a) Delta
(b) Gorge
(c) V-shaped valley
(d) Canyon
Answer:
(a) Delta

Question 7.
In regions, where the temperatures are generally below freezing points, precipitation is in the form of ………….. .
(a) rainfall
(b) hail
(c) snowfall
(d) frost
Answer:
(c) snowfall

Question 8.
The erosional work of glacier forms ………….. .
(a) drumlins
(b) eskers
(c) cirques
(d) yardangs
Answer:
(c) cirques

Question 9.
The Jacobshavn Glacier in …………… is one of the fastest moving glaciers in the world.
(a) Finland
(b) Greenland
(c) Antarctica
(d) Himalayas
Answer:
(b) Greenland

Question 10.
The depositional work of ground water forms ………….. .
(a) limestone caves
(b) lagoons
(c) ripple marks
(d) seifs
Answer:
(a) limestone caves

Question 11.
Stalactites grow ………….. .
(a) downwards
(b) upwards
(c) sidewards
(d) fast
Answer:
(a) downwards

Question 12.
The ground water levels sink down in …………… season.
(a) summer
(b) winter
(c) rainy
(d) spring
Answer:
(a) summer

Question 13.
…………… is formed as a result of the depositional work of the sea waves.
(a) Sea cliff
(b) Lagoon
(c) Wave-cut platform
(d) Sea cave
Answer:
(b) Lagoon

Question 14.
The landforms developed in limestone areas are also called as …………… landforms.
(a) lime
(b) sinkhole
(c) krast
(d) coastal
Answer:
(c) krast

Match the Columns:

(1) River

Answer:
(1 – b),
(2-a)

(2) Glacier

Answer:
(1 – c),
(2 – b)

(3) Wind

Answer:
(1 – b),
(2 – a)

(4)

Answer:
(1 – c),
(2 – b)

(5)

Answer:
(1 – b),
(2 – c)

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
Name the agents of erosion.
Answer:
The agents of erosion are wind, rivers, glaciers, sea waves and ground water.

Question 2.
What factors does the work of a river depend on?
Answer:
The works of river depends on the nature of rock, the slope of land, velocity of the flow and the volume of water.

Question 3.
What are the important phases of a river’s work?
Answer:
The important phases of a river’s work are erosion, transportation and deposition.

Question 4.
What factors does the work of glaciers depend on?
Answer:
The work of glacier depends on the thickness of the accumulated ice, the temperature, and the slope of the land.

Question 5.
Which landforms are created due to the processes of erosion by the river?
Answer:
Landforms like gorges, V-shaped valleys, potholes and waterfalls are created due to the processes of erosion by the river.

Question 6.
Which landforms are formed mainly due to the transportational and depositional work of a river?
Answer:
Due to the transportational and depositional work of a river, meanders, ox-bow lakes, flood levees, flood plains and delta regions are formed.

Question 7.
Which landforms are created as a result of the erosional work of a glacier?
Answer:
The landforms such as a cirque, arete and matterhorn, U-shaped valley, hanging valleys, etc. are created as a result of the erosional work of a glacier.

Question 8.
Name the landforms formed by the depositional work of glaciers.
Answer:
The landforms formed by the depositional work of glaciers are drumlins, eskers etc.

Question 9.
Name the types of moraine.
Answer:
Ground moraine, lateral moraine, medial moraine and terminal moraine are the different types of moraine.

Question 10.
Which landforms are created as a result of the erosional work of the wind?
Answer:
The landforms like mushroom rocks, deflation hollows, yardangs etc. are created as a result of the erosional work of the wind.

Question 11.
Which landforms are created as a result of the transportation and depositional work of the wind?
Answer:
Sand dunes, barchans, seif, ripple marks, and loess plains are created as a result of transportation and depositional work of the wind.

Question 12.
Which landforms are produced as a result of the erosional work of sea waves?
Answer:
The landforms like sea cliffs, sea caves, wave-cut platforms, sea arches and sea stacks are produced as a result of the erosional work of sea waves.

Question 13.
Mention the landforms created due to the transportation and depositional work of sea waves.
Answer:
Beaches, sand bars and lagoons are created due to the transportation and depositional work of sea waves.

Fill the map with the given information and make a legend.

(1) Konkan Coast where work of sea waves can be seen
(2) Region in India where work of glaciers can be seen
(3) Desert region in India where work of wind can be seen
Answer:

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
Like the river, a glacier too carries out the work of erosion, transportation and deposition.
Answer:

• In regions, where the temperatures are generally below freezing points, precipitation is in the form of snowfall.
• Layers of snow accumulate on the earth’s surface because of snowfall.
• The heavy weight of these overlying layers makes the snow move along the slope.
• At the base of the layer, the snow starts melting because of the friction and the pressure from above. Glacier starts moving slowly along the slope.
• Thus like the river, a glacier too carries out the work of erosion, transportation and deposition.

Question 2.
Specific landforms are formed due to deposition by wind in arid and semi arid regions.
Answer:

• Sand particles that blow with the winds are of different shapes and sizes.?
• Those particles which are very fine are carried to larger distances while the larger ones get transported to shorter distances only.
• These sand particles get deposited in deserts and semi-arid climates.
• As a result, specific landforms are formed.
• Sand dunes, barchans, seifs, ripple marks, loess plains, etc. are formed by deposition by wind.

Question 3.
The work of sea waves cause different landforms.
Answer:

• In coastal areas, the sea waves carry out erosional, depositional and transportational work.
• Winds and tides cause the movements of sea water. As a result, waves come to the coast.
• Because of their hitting the rocks at the coasts, erosion of the rocks occurs.
• The landforms like wave cut platforms, sea caves, sea arches, sea cliffs, etc. are formed because of the erosional work of the waves.
• The landforms like beaches, sand bar, lagoons are formed due to depositional work of the sea waves.

Question 4.
In the desert, the work of wind is effective.
Answer:

• The work of wind is predominantly found in the hot desert and semi-arid regions.
• Hot deserts are found close to the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.
• The average annual rainfall in the hot deserts is 250 mm or even less. Therefore, the vegetal cover is negligible.
• As there are no obstacles due to lack of vegetal cover, the work of wind is effective in the desert.

Question 5.
Glaciers have a low velocity.
Answer:

• In the high altitude areas and the areas of high elevation, the ice slides down the slope. Such a sliding mass of ice is called a glacier.
• As the ice moving in a glacier is in the solid state, its velocity is very low.
• The thickness of the accumulated ice, the temperature and the slope of the land are the factors that determine the velocity of the glacier.

Question 6.
The ground water level changes according to seasons.
Answer:

• The upper level of the stored ground water is called ground water level.
• It varies according to the slope of the land, porosity and compactness of the rocks and the rainfall in the region.
• Ground water level also changes according to season.
• In the rainy season, it is closer to the ground surface whereas during summer, it drops down deeper.

Identify the land forms made by waves and write their names in the given picture.

Answer:

• Wave-cut platform
• Lagoon
• Beach
• Sea cave
• Sea arch
• Sea stack
• Sea cliff

Write the name of the landforms with which the following diagrams are associated. Colour the eroded and the remaining part, if any, in the given diagrams.

Answer:
(a) Mushroom Rock
(b) Sand Dune (Barchan)
(c) Yardangs
(d) Seif (Sand Mounds)

Identify the landforms formed by groundwater in the given diagram.

Answer:
Stalactite and Stalagmite cave.

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
List the agents responsible for new landforms. i
Answer:
The agents – running water (river), glaciers, wind, sea waves and groundwater, – do the work of erosion, transportation and deposition. Because of these agents, the earth’s surface keeps undergoing changes and new landforms are formed.
(i) Running water (river):

• The river beds, as well as the banks of a river, are eroded due to the speedy flowing stream of water. The load that a river carries also erodes the banks and the bed of the river.
• The rocks, stones, sand, etc. collide with one another and break into fragments
• Different landforms like gorge, V-shaped valley, pothole and waterfall are formed due to the erosional work of a river.

(ii) Glaciers:

• As a glacier is nothing but a solid mass of ice, its velocity is very low. Nevertheless, the mass of water in the solid form is quite high. Therefore, glaciers cause a considerable amount of erosion.
• The glaciers erode the ice-clad base of the mountain slopes and the snow-clad sides of the mountains to a large extent.
• The Cirque, Arete and horn, U-Shaped valley and hanging valley are the landforms formed by the erosional work of a glacier.

(iii) Wind:

• The wind carries sand and pebbles.
• When they strike and scratch the rocks, the elevated and basal parts of the rocks get eroded.
• Due to the erosional processes of the wind, deflation hollows, mushroom rocks and yardangs3 are formed.

(iv) Sea waves:

• The basal portions of the headlands get severely eroded due to the continuous attack of sea waves. This leads to the erosion of the rocks on a large scale.
• Rocky coasts are formed where the headlands get severely eroded.
• Landforms such as sea cliffs, sea caves, wave- cut platforms, sea arches and sea stacks are formed due to the erosional work of sea waves.

(v) Groundwater:

• Soluble minerals in the rocks dissolve in water and they move along with the ground water. This process is called erosion by ground water.
• The work of ground water is predominant in the region where rock like limestone is found on a large scale.
• Limestone dissolves in carbonic acid. Carbonic acid is formed due to the presence of carbon? dioxide in ground water. This acid dissolves carbonates like limestone. Thus, chemical weathering takes place.
• The landforms like sinkholes and caves are the result of the erosional work of groundwater.

Question 2.
List the landforms that are produced due to deposition of sediments by rivers.
Answer:
Landforms like flood levees, flood plains, deltas are formed because of deposition of sediments,

1. Flood levees: When in flood, the river deposits ; the coarser material on the banks which in duecourse rises parallel to the banks of the river. These are called ‘flood levees’.
2. Flood plains: The finer silt deposited away from the banks during the flood form plains on ! either side of the river. They are called ‘flood plains’.
3. Delta: The continuous deposition leads to the formation of a plain in the shape of a triangle called delta. Extensive deltas have been formed ! at the mouth of rivers Ganga, Godavari, Kaveri.

Question 3.
Write in detail about the erosional and depositional work of wind.
Answer:
(i) Erosional work of winds:

• Wind carries small sand particles, small pebbles, etc. along with it.
• These particles cause erosion along rocks coming in the way due to friction.
• This leads to formation of mushroom rocks, deflation hollows, yardangs, etc.

(ii) Depositional work of winds:

• Sand particles that blow with the winds are of different shapes and sizes.
• Those particles which are very fine are carried to larger distances while the larger ones get transported to shorter distances only.
• These sand particles get deposited in deserts and semi-arid climates. As a result, specific landforms are formed.
• Sand dunes, barchans, seifs, ripple marks, loessplains, etc. are formed by deposition by wind.

Question 4.
Write in detail about the erosional and depositional work of sea waves.
Answer:
(i) Erosional work of sea waves:

• When the waves break at the coast, they bring with them water, transported stones, pebbles,sand particles, etc. This leads to the erosion of the coast.
• Because of the chemical and hydraulic action of the sea wave too, the erosion occurs. The landforms like wavecut platforms, sea caves, sea arches, sea cliffs, etc. are formed because of the erosional work of the waves.

(ii) Depositional work of sea waves:

• The eroded materials accumulate at the sea bed. Because of tides, they keep on moving towards the coast and away from the coast.
• They become fine because of attrition and hitting towards each other.
• Deposition of such materials occurs at the places where the effect of waves is less. The landforms like beaches, sand bar, lagoons are formed due to the depositional work of the sea waves.

Explain:

Question 1.
Erosional work of rivers
Answer:

• The rivers originate at a much higher altitude from the sea level.
• Here, the river flows at a great speed and therefore, its power to erode is great.
• The riverbed and the river banks get eroded because of the speedy flow of the river, sand particles, pebbles. Also, various tributaries join the main river.
• All these lead to the formation of gorges (canyons), V-shaped valleys and waterfalls.

Question 2.
Transportation and deposition by rivers
Answer:

• A river flows down the slope from a hilly region.
• At the foothills, the change in the slope causes deposition of coarse sediments.
• As these are deposited in a triangular shape, they form an alluvial fan. As the steepness of the slope decreases and the transport capacity of the river reduces, it starts flowing slowly.
• It bends (meanders) often in its way in an effort to cross even small obstacles.
• By the time the river reaches the sea, its riverbed becomes very wide and its speed becomes very slow.
• The sediments of the river get deposited in its bed and on its banks. The factors that determine the deposition of sediments are thelength of the rivers, volume of water, amountof sediments, and the slope of the river and the earth’s surface.
• Thus, landforms like flood levees, flood plains,deltas are formed because of deposition of sediments.

Question 3.
Erosion work by glaciers
Answer:

• Though the velocity of glaciers is less, the mass of the ice is more and hence the glacier erodes its own banks and its bed on a large scale.
• The erosional work of glaciers produces landforms like cirques, aretes, horns, U-shaped valleys, hanging valleys and roche moutonnees (or sheepbacks).

Question 4.
Transportation and deposition by glaciers
Answer:

• The glaciers carry sediments with them. These sediments are called moraines.
• Depending on the location of the deposits, moraines can be divided into 4 types: ground moraines, lateral moraines, medial moraines and terminal moraines.
• The depositional work of glacier produces landforms like drumlins, eskers, etc.

Question 5.
Erosional and depositional work of wind
Answer:

• Erosional work of wind: Wind carries smallsand particles, small pebbles, etc. along with I it. These particles cause erosion along rockscoming in the way due to friction.
• This leads to formation of mushroom rocks, deflation hollows, yardangs, etc.
• Depositional work of winds: Sand particles that blow with the winds are of different shapes and sizes.
• Those particles which are very fine are carried to larger distances while the larger ones get transported to shorter distances only.
• These sand particles get deposited in deserts ; and semi-arid climates. As a result, specific landforms are formed.
• Sand dunes, barchans, seifs, ripple marks, loess plains, etc. are formed by deposition by wind.

Question 6.
Erosional work of sea waves
Answer:

• When the waves break at the coast, they bring with them water, transported stones, pebbles, sand particles, etc.
• This leads to the erosion of the coast. Because of the chemical and hydraulic action of the sea wave too, the erosion occurs.
• The landforms like wave cut platforms, sea caves, sea arches, sea cliffs, etc. are formed because of the erosional work of the waves.

Question 7.
Depositional work of sea waves
Answer:

• The eroded materials accumulate at the sea bed.
• Because of tides, they keep on moving towards the coast and away from the coast.
• They become fine because of attrition and hitting towards each other. Deposition of such materials occurs at the places where the effect of waves is less.
• The landforms like beaches, sand bar, lagoons are formed due to depositional work.

Question 8.
Work of groundwater and landforms
Answer:

• The rainwater seeps below the earth’s surface through porous rocks or the cracks in the rocks.
• This water accumulates at the non-porous layer of the rock. This accumulated water is called groundwater.
• The soluble minerals in the water get dissolved and flow with the groundwater. This is the erosional work of the groundwater.
• When the groundwater evaporates or the volume of soluble minerals is more than the solubility of the groundwater, the deposition of dissolved materials starts.
• Landforms like sinkholes, limestone caves, stalactites and stalagmites are formed.
• Thus, the groundwater carries out the erosion, transportation and depositional work.

Question 9.
Groundwater table
Answer:

• The upper surface of the water accumulated below the ground is called the ground water table.
• Factors like seasons, porosity of rocks, amount of rainfall, etc. affect the level of water table.
• The water table is closer to the ground during rainy seasons while it is deeper in the summers.?

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 12 Tourism Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 12 Tourism

Class 9 Geography Chapter 12 Tourism Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Identify the type of tourism from the statement.

(A) Hemant Kumar went to Mexico to learn about the architectural skills of the Mayan culture
Answer:
Cultural Tourism

(B) Portuguese tourists had come to Goa to participate in the Goa Carnival.
Answer:
Cultural Tourism

(C) To seek treatment in a naturopathy centre, John and Amar went to Kerala.
Answer:
Medical Tourism.

(D) Pundalikrao accomplished the Char Dham Yatra with his family
Answer:
Religious Tourism.

(E) Rameshwari from Pune went to enjoy Hurda ( Roasted Grain) party and learn about modern and traditional methods of agriculture
Answer:
Agro-tourism.

(F) Sayyed family went to Ajmer Durgah.
Answer:
Religious tourism.

2. Match the columns identifying the correlation. Make a chain.

Answer:

3. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
Differentiate between religious and cultural tourism.
Answer:

Question 2.
What are the objectives of tourism?
Answer:
Following are the objectives of tourism:

• Getting joy
• Getting entertained
• Trading
• Staying
• Availing health facilities
• Getting a glimpse of agricultural life
• Performing religious activities, etc.

Question 3.
Explain the environmental effects of tourism.
Answer:
Following are the environmental effects of tourism:

• Sometimes, tourists damage tourist place and degrade the environment. Some tourists throw litter and pollute the tourist place.
• Therefore, all tourists must follow the concept of eco-tourism. Eco-tourism includes taking precautions of not degrading and polluting the environment as well as not damaging tourist places.
• Tourism is good for environmental development as the government makes economic investment in developing sanctuaries and national parks for the sake of the tourism industry.
• In eco-friendly tourism, factors like designing houses, resorts, traffic routes are designed in an eco-friendly manner in which electricity and water are used judiciously.
• The concept of recycling and reuse is also applied in eco-friendly tourism.

Question 4.
What opportunities develop with the development of tourism?
Answer:

• Tourism and Economic Development: The development of infrastructural facilities generates employment on an large scale. Eg. transportation, banking, restaurants, shops, resorts, medical services etc.
• Tourism and Environmental development: Due to the Eco-friendly tourism concept, tourist places are developed while caring for the environment. Eg. Eco-tourism.
• Tourism and’ Health: Opportunities to avail health facilities develop with tourism. Eg. Indian Ayurveda, Yoga, Pranayam.
• Tourism and Social Developments: Tourism creates social consciousness among tourists which helps in the development of neglected components of the society. For eg. Visit to Anandwan village.

Question 5.
Suggest measures after explaining the problems arising at the tourist places.
Answer:
(i) The problems that may arise at the tourist places:

• Lack of basic facilities.
• Lack of frequency of means of transportation.
• Lack of medical facilities.
• Lack of communication facilities.
• Petty crimes and security issues.

(ii) Measures to minimize the problems arising at the tourist places:

• Government can provide lodges, eateries, clean drinking water and good sanitation facilities.
• All tourist places can be connected by speedy means of transportation.
• Government can open dispensaries and arrange ambulance facilities.
• Communication facilities can be developed at every tourist place.
• Installation of CCTVs in public places and prompt action by the law and order forces can help tourist immensely.

Question 6.
Explain with the reason the places of interest that can be developed as tourist centers in your district.
Answer:

• In the district of Mumbai, there are many tourists destinations which fascinate the tourists.
• But there are few places which can be developed as tourist centres, which are currently neglected.
• To name a few, there are some small forts on the beaches of Mumbai and some caves in the suburbs of Mumbai.
• The Sion fort and the fort of Mahim are currently in a bad state and need urgent restoration.
• The Mahakali caves situated in western suburbs of Mumbai need to be developed in order to preserve cultural heritage which can attract many tourists.

(Disclaimer: The students can write answer of this above question in their own words as per the district they belong to.)

Question 7.
Local people get employment due to tourism. Give reasons.
Answer:

• Tourism is an important tertiary occupation through which many tourists visit places of interest.
• Many job opportunities are created to serve the tourists.
• When basic infrastructure improves, it leads to generation of employment.
• Many local people get job opportunities from various restaurants, transportation systems and recreational places.

5. Make a notice board containing instructions for the tourists at a tourist place.
Answer:

6. Explain how relevant is the concept of “Atithi Devo Bha va” (Guest is our God) with respect to tourism.
Answer:

1. In Sanskrit “Atithi Devo Bhava” means “Guest is our God”. This is a tag line of India’s, Ministry of Tourism’s campaign to improve the treatment of tourists in India.
2. India attracts millions of tourists every year but it still lags far behind compared to other destinations.
3. With an attempt to improve the number of tourists travelling to India, the Tourism Department of India started this social awareness campaign which provides training and orientation to taxi drivers, guides, immigration officers, police and other personnel who interact directly with the tourists.
4. This campaign educates the citizens of our country about the importance of our cultural heritage, benefits of cleanliness, importance of foreign tourists and maintaining our historical monuments.
5. All these efforts will lead to the economic development of our country.

7. The tourism map of Maharashtra is given. Answer the following questions based on the map.

Question 1.
Make a list of places having hot springs. What are the reasons for these being located here?
Answer:
Say, Vajreshwari, Kapeshwar, Unakeshwar, linhavare, Unapdev are the places that have hot springs.
Reason of hot water springs because geothermally heated ground water rises from the Earth’s crust.

Question 2.
At what places do you find the correlation between transportation routes and the development of tourism?
Answer:

• Aurangabad: The national highway and the airport is located in Aurangabad which facilitates the tourists to visit Ajanta and Ellora caves.
• Shirdi: Since Shirdi has got a railway station, more devotees will visit the temple every year.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 12 Tourism Intext Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

(I) Dear Students, imagine that you have to go on a vacation with your family. Make a list of 15 favourite places in Maharashtra.
After the list is prepared, put your places in the relevant classification.

• Places near the sea
• Historical places
• National parks and sanctuaries
• Hill stations
• Religious places

Select one place from each group which you would like to visit.

Discuss the reasons of your choice in the class.
Answer:
(A) A list of 15 favourite places in Maharashtra

• Mumbai
• Pune
• Nashik
• Alibaug
• Guhagar
• Malvan
• Shirdi
• Shegaon
• Chandoli
• Pench
• Kamala
• Matheran
• Mahabaleshwar
• Jawhar
• Parli Vaijanath.

(B) A relevant classification of 15 favourite places is as follows:
(1) Places near the sea :

• Alibaug
• Guhagar
• Malvan.

(2) Historical places :

• Pune
• Mumbai
• Nashik.

(3) National parks and sanctuaries :

• Chandoli
• Pench
• Kamala.

(4) Hill stations:

• Matheran
• Mahabaleshwar
• Jawhar.

(5) Religious places :

• Parli Vaijanath
• Shirdi
• Shegaon.

(C) Name of a place from each group which we would like to visit with reason :
(1) Name of a place near the sea which we would like to visit: Guhagar.
Reason: Guhagar is famous for its clean white sand beach. ‘Shri Vyadeshwar’ an ancient shiv temple is also located at Guhagar.

(2) Name of a historical place which we would like to visit: Pune.
Reason : Many historical forts are located in Pune.

(3) Name of a national park and sanctuary which we would like to visit: Karnala.
Reason : Karnala bird sactuary houses many species of resident birds.

(4) Name of a hill station which we would like.to visit: Matheran.
Reason : One can reach Matheran by a Toy Train. Horse riding is another tourist attraction of Matheran. There are gardens, waterfalls, temples, markets and many scenic points at Matheran.

(5) Name of a religious place which we would like to visit: Shegaon.
Reason : A famous ‘Gajanan Maharaj Temple’ is located at Shegaon. Anand Sagar’, a spiritual and entertainment park centre is also located at Shegaon.

(II) (i) Which new forms of tourism have developed recently? (Textbook Page no. 92)
(ii) Tell the reasons why new forms of tourism emerge. (Textbook Page no. 92)
Answer:
(i) In recent years, following are the new forms of tourism that have developed:

• Eco-Tourism
• Agro-Tourism
• Film Tourism
• Medical Tourism
• Cultural tourism

(ii) Nowadays people are more aware of new tourist destinations and attractions, have the ability to spend and need break from their routine stressful life. They take breaks to refresh and relax or may travel for some psychological and social needs.

Think about it.

We saw the various types of tourism. Just think, can we go into the space for tourism? What will we have to do for that? Where can we go? Present your ideas in the form of picture or paragraphs, etc.
Answer:
Yes, we can go into the space for tourism. We will require a the most powerful rocket built with a spaceship designed to carry atleast 100 people. We can go to the Red Planet-Mars.

Use your brain power!

Some issues related to tourism development are given below. Rewrite the inappropriate ones after correcting them.
Answer:

• The income of a country should be substantially high for development of tourism. Inappropriate: The income of a country is high due to development of tourism.
• Domestic tourism should be given a boost. Inappropriate: Domestic tourism should be given a boost.
• Tourists from other countries should be banned. Inappropriate: Tourists from other countries should be welcomed for economic development of our country.
• Appropriate: Tourists should be assured of a safe journey.
• Appropriate: The cultural heritage of a country should be preserved.
• Appropriate: We should respect other country’s culture.
• Appropriate: Government subsidies1 and incentives should be given for tourism businesses.
• Appropriate: Participation in international sports should be increased.
• Appropriate: Tourism should be encouraged through advertisements.
• Appropriate: It is necessary to preserve the tourist places.
• Appropriate: We should preserve buildings of famous people who have contributed in various sectors for memorials.
• Appropriate: Services and amenities3 should be developed for tourism.
• Tourist agencies should be banned. Inappropriate: Tourists agencies should be encourage for their businesses.
• There is no ample scope in this field. Inappropriate: There is ample scope in the field of tourism.
• Appropriate: Tourism is a type of invisible trade.
• Appropriate: All types of facilities should be developed for tourists.
• The country’s economy does not benefit at all from tourism. Inappropriate: The country’s economy benefits a lot from tourism.
• Appropriate: The hidden potential of other sites should also be developed.
• Appropriate: The forts and castles should be developed.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 12 Tourism Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the following statements by choosing the appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets:

Question 1.
Visiting various places away from our homes for getting joy, entertainment, trading, staying, etc. is called
(a) boarding
(b) lodging
(c) visiting
(d) tourism1
Answer:
(d) tourism

Question 2.
On the basis of political boundaries, tourism can be of two types and
(a) domestic tourism and local tourism
(b) international tourism and foreign tourism
(c) local tourism and holidays
(d) domestic tourism and international tourism
Answer:
(a) domestic tourism and international tourism

Question 3.
Tourism within the limits of a country is called …………………. .
(a) domestic tourism
(b) international tourism
(c) foreign tourism
(d) abroad tourism
Answer:
(a) domestic tourism

Question 4.
A person from Maharashtra going to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu for tourism, a person from Nagpur visiting Ellora Caves in Aurangabad are examples of
(a) international tourism
(b) abroad tourism
(c) domestic tourism
(d) foreign tourism
Answer:
(c) domestic tourism

Question 5.
Crossing country’s boundaries and visiting some other country for tourism is called
(a) local tourism
(b) international/ foreign tourism
(c) city tourism
(d) state tourism
Answer:
(b) international foreign tourism

Question 6.
Indian going to Switzerland for tourism, an American coming to India for tourism are examples of
(a) city tourism
(b) state tourism
(c) local tourism
(d) intemational/foreign tourism
Answer:
(d) international/ foreign tourism

Question 7.
………………….. tourism should be promoted as it is necessary to preserve the cultural heritage1 of a country.
(a) Mumbai
(b) Local
(c) Andheri
(d) Domestic
Answer:
(d) Domestic tourism

Question 8.
To go to a foreign country, one needs a ………………, ………………, travel insurance and other documents.
(a) passport, train tickets
(b) visa, bus tickets
(c) movie tickets, bus tickets
(d) passport, visa
Answer:
(d) passport and visa

Question 9.
The ……………… system in our smartphones or the GPS instrument is largely used for tourism. For that we need special applications like the
(a) GPRS and atlas
(b) GPS and radio
(c) GPS and google map
(d) google play store and GPRS
Answer:
(c) GPS and google map

Question 10.
Tourism is an important occupation.
(a) primary
(b) secondary
(c) tertiary
(d) quaternary
Answer:
(c) tertiary

Question 11.
Besides domestic tourists2, foreign tourists also visit various places of interest and therefore, ……………… currency increases in our economy.
(a) domestic
(b) foreign
(c) FOREX
(d) shares
Answer:
(b) foreign

Question 12.
Tourism should be promoted through in various media which will help in its growth.
(a) slogans
(b) word of mouth
(c) references
(d) advertisements
Answer:
(d) advertisements

Question 13.
……………… has implemented many programmes by providing guest houses, water sports, tourist houses near coastal areas, etc.
(a) Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC)
(b) Maharashtra Transportation Development Corporation (MTDC)
(c) Maharashtra Traffic Development Corporation (MTDC)
(d) Maharashtra Training Development Corporation (MTDC)
Answer:
(a) Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC)

Question 14.
……………… is a train started especially for tourism which is operated in coordination with MTDC, Indian Railways and Ministry of Tourism.
(a) Deccan Chronicle
(b) Deccan Express
(c) Mumbai Local
(d) Deccan Odyssey
Answer:
(d) Deccan Odyssey

Question 15.
………………….. train takes the Delhi-Jaipur-Udaipur-Bharatpur-Agra- Delhi route.
(a) Palace of Tiles
(b) Palace on Train
(c) Palace on Wheels
(d) Palace in Rajasthan
Answer:
(c) Palace on Wheels

Question 16.
The Indian railways have started a new train with coaches having transparent ceiling as a special attraction for tourism.
(a) superdome
(b) astrodome
(c) imax dome
(d) vistadome
Answer:
(d) vistadome

Question 17.
………………….. is an eco-friendly type of tourism.
(a) Medical tourism
(b) Eco-tourism
(c) Social tourism
(d) Religious tourism
Answer:
(b) Eco-tourism

Question 18.
A pollution-free location away from the city holding an agricultural activity where the tourist is shown a glimpse of agricultural life is called
(a) agro-tourism
(b) social tourism
(c) cultural tourism
(d) medical tourism
Answer:
(a) agro-tourism

Question 19.
In and districts of Maharashtra number of agro-tourism centres have been developed.
(a) Pune, Mumbai
(b) Mumbai, Nagpur
(c) Pune, Kolhapur
(d) Kolhapur, Amravati
Answer:
(c) Pune, Kolhapur

Question 20.
Places, where film shooting takes place, are and
(a) Mumbai film city, Ramoji city
(b) Pune city and Mahableshwar
(c) Ramoji city and Pune city
(d) Lonavala and Khandala
Answer:
(a) Mumbai film city, Ramoji City

Question 21.
………………….. in Konkan is famous for its seabed and the biodiversity found there.
(a) Juhu Beach
(b) Tarkali
(c) Alibaugh
(d) Sindhudurg
Answer:
(b) Tarkali

Question 22.
The tribal life in of Maharashtra and visit to model villages like project of the social activist Baba Amte, Ralegan Siddhi, Hiwre Bazaar, etc. creates social consciousness.
(a) Phonda Ghat, Vrindavan
(b) Melghat, Sunderbans
(c) Melghat, Anandwan
(d) Bor Ghat, Anandwan
Answer:
(b) Melghat, Anandwan

Answer in one sentence

Question 1.
What is meant by tourism?
Answer:
Visiting various places away from our homes for getting joy, entertainment, trading, staying etc. is called tourism.

Question 2.
By which name is the tourism within one’s own country’s boundaries is known?
Answer:
The tourism within one’s own country’s boundaries is known as ‘domestic tourism’.

Question 3.
What do mean by International tourism?
Answer:
Crossing country’s boundaries and visiting some other country for tourism is called international tourism.

Question 4.
A visit to which places in Maharashtra creates social consciousness?
Answer:
Visit to Melghat to see the tribal life and visit to model villages like Anandwan, Ralegansiddhi, Hiwre Bazaaro of Maharashtra creates social consciousness.

Question 5.
Anandwan’ is a project of which social activist?
Answer:
Anandwan’ is a project of the social activistt Baba Amte.

Question 6.
What is Cultural Tourism?
Answer:
Cultural tourism is a type of tourism in which tourists travel to collect information and to experience traditions, customs, art, lifestyle of people, etc. of a particular region.

Question 7.
What is Health Tourism?
Answer:
Health tourism is a type of tourism in which tourists travel for availing health facilities, achieving mental peace and physical strength.

Question 8.
What do we require when travelling abroad?
Answer:
To go abroad one requires a passport, visa, travel insurance, other documents and currency of the country where we are going.

Question 9.
Name the agro-tourism centres in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Pune and Kolhapur districts of Maharashtra have agro-tourism centres.

Observe fig. 12.1 and answer the following questions: Use an atlas for reference:

Question 1.
Out of these, which tourist places1 do you know? Make a list.
Answer:
A list of known tourist places :

• Leh
• Shimla
• Mussoorie
• Nainital
• Jaisalmer
• Ajanta
• Ellora
• Tirupati
• Udagamandalam
• Rameshwar
• Jagannath puri
• Konark
• Khajuraho
• Panaji.

Question 2.
For what are the selected places famous?
Answer:
The selected places are famous for the following:

• Leh, Shimla, Mussoorie, Naini Tal, etc. – famous for their natural beauty.
• Rameshwaram, Tirupati, Jagannathpuri – religious places.
• Ajanta, Ellora, Konark, Khajuraho – cultural sites.
• Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Kolkata – historical sites

Question 3.
Make a list of religious and historical sites from the map.
Answer:

Question 4.
Make a list of hill stations, places having sanctuaries and places along the coasts.
Answer:
(A) Hill stations –

• Shimla
• Massoorie
• Nainital
• Darjiling

(B) Sanctuaries –

• Maharashtra – Koyna, Wild life Sanctuary
• Goa – Bird sanctuary
• Gujarat – Indina wild Ass. sanctuary
• Karnataka – Bhadra wild life sanctuary

(C) Places along coast –

• Mumbai
• Panaji
• Mangalore
• Chennai

Question 5.
Correlate the physiography and tourist places in India.
Answer:

• There is a close relationship between physiography and tourist places in India.
• Many tourist places are developed at various locations having different physiography.
• The hill stations like Jammu, Srinagar, Nainital, Darjiling, Udagamandalam are developed in mountainous region of India.
• The tourist places like Ujjain, Pune, Jabalpur, etc. are located at plateau region of India.
• The tourist places Jodhpur, etc. are developed in desert area of India.
• The tourist places like Mumbai, Panaji, Mangalore, Kanniyakumari, Chennai, etc. are located in the coastal area of India.

The tourism map of Maharashtra is given below. Answer the following questions based on the map:

Question 3.
Name the ports of Konkan coast and is there any connectivity of ports with tourism?
Answer:
Mumbai, Vijaydurg, Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri, Jaygad, Harne, Shrivardhan.
Yes, there is a close connectivity between ports and tourism as tourists can reach such places by sea without wasting much time in travelling.

Question 4.
Name some of the caves in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Karle, Bhaje, Mhasrul, Ajanta, Verul, Kharosa, Pullar are some of the caves in Maharashtra.

Give reason

Question 1.
Social development be accomplished through tourism.
Answer:

1. When facets1 like rural lifestyle, tribal life and culture are included in tourism then tourism gets a social dimension1 and the neglected components can be included in development.
2. The tribal life of Mel ghat of Maharashtra and visit to model villages like ‘Anandwan’, a project of the social activist Baba Amte, Ralegansidhhi, Hiwre Bazaar, etc. creates social consciousness and gives a fillip to development there.
3. There is a great potential2 for development of such a type of tourism in India through which social development can be accomplished.

Question 3.
Tourism is an invisible Trade’.
Answer:

1. Invisible Trade is a trade in which exchange of services occurs. Example of invisible trade. Tourism is a type of invisible trade.
2. Various restaurants, shops, transportation systems and recreational places are developed because of tourism and contribute directly to the economy.
3. Also, basic infrastructure improves and employment is generated which is an advantage to the economy indirectly.
4. Thus, tourism plays an important role in economic development and hence it is said that tourism is an invisible trade.

Question 4.
Tourism is good for environmental development.
Answer:

• Tourism is good for environmental development.
• Because of eco-friendly tourism concept, tourist places can be developed while caring for the environment.
• Factors like housing, resorts, traffic routes, etc. are also designed in an eco-friendly manner.
• In this type of development process, electricity, water are used very judiciously. The concept of recycle and reuse is also applied.
• Natural environment is maintained and tourism is developed too.

Answer in 2-3 Sentences.

Question 1.
What is the speciality of Deccan Odyssey?
Answer:

• Deccan Odyssey is a luxury train operated in co-ordination with MIDC, Indian Railways and Ministry of Tourism.
• Deccan Odyssey is like a moving palace.
• It originates at Mumbai and takes tourists to Nasik, Ellora, Ajanta, Koihapur, Goa and Ratnagiri.

Question 2.
Write about the luxury train for tourists visiting Northern india.
Answer:

• Palace on wheels” is the luxury train that covers the Northern India.
• This train takes the Deihi-Jaipur, Udaypur, Bharatpur, Agra Delhi route.
• Domestic arid foreign tourists enjoy travelling in this train.

Question 3.
Why is Vistadome a special attraction for tourists?
Answer:

• The coaches of Vistadome have a transparent ceiling which is a special attraction for tourists.
• It runs on the Vishakapatnam Kirandul route.
• As the train has a glass roof, the tourists can enjoy the panaromic view of the beautiful Arakuvalley, Anantgiri Ghat and Borra Coves.

Question 4.
What is Tarkarli in Konkan renowned for?
Answer:

• Tarkarli in Konkan is renowned for its seabed and biodiversity.
• Tourists can do snorkelling and scuba diving here.
• MTDC has set up a ‘scuba diving’ training centre of International standards at Tarkarli.

Question 5.
How is the GPS useful for tourists?
Answer:

• The GPS instrument found in applications like Google App location.
• Information regarding all possible routes of travel, distances, time require according to the type of vehicle, amenities on the way like petrol pump, restaurants etc. becomes available through GPS.

Write short note on:

Question 1.
GPS for tourism
Answer:

• The GPS system in our smartphones or the GPS instrument is largely used for tourism.
• For that we need special applications like the Google Map.
• We can know our exact location with the help of the map.
• Once it is decided where we want to head, then information regarding all the possible routes of travel, distances, time required according to type of vehicle, amenities on the way like petrol pump, restaurants, lodges, etc. becomes available in the app.
• We can use this for tourism.

Question 2.
MTDC
Answer:

• Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) has implemented many programmes.
• It has provided guest houses, water sports, tourist houses near coastal areas, etc.
• “Deccan Odyssey” is a train started especially for tourism which is operated in coordination with MTDC, Indian Railways and Ministry of Tourism.
• The train originates at Mumbai and takes tourists to places like Nashik, Ellora, Ajanta, Kolhapur, Goa and Ratnagiri and back to Mumbai.

Question 3.
Domestic Tourism.
Answer:

• Tourism within the limits of the country is called Domestic Tourism.
• For example, a person from Maharashtra going to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu for a vacation, a person from Nagpur visiting Ellora Caves in Aurangabad and so on.

Question 4.
International Tourism.
Answer:

• Crossing the country’s boundaries and visiting some other country for tourism is called International Tourism.
  Glossary
• For example, an Indian going to Switzerland 1 for tourism, an American coming to India for tourism and so on.

Question 5.
Things required to travel to a foreign country.
Answer:
Following are the things required to travel to a foreign country:

• A Passport, visa, travel insurance and other documents.
• Currency of the country you are going to visit.

Question 6.
Eco-friendly tourism (Eco tourism).
Answer:

• The concept of eco-friendly tourism came into light when it was realised that due to increasing population, pollution and urbanization, environment is degrading.
• The nature of ecotourism is eco-friendly.
• In ecotourism, the tourists the place are visited by taking precautions of not damaging or degrading the environment.
• Ecotourism includes avoiding sound pollution, and air pollution, not hurting trees, birds, animals, etc. in the forests, etc.

Question 7.
Agro tourism.
Answer:

• Recently the concept of ‘agro-tourism’ has arisen which is visiting a pollution-free location away from the city holding an agricultural activity.
• In agro-tourism, the tourists are shown a glimpse of agricultural life.
• For a change from the urban life, tourists live on the farm and accept the hospitality of the farmers on payment in agro-tourism.
• In Pune and Kolhapur districts of Maharashtra number of agro-tourism centres have been developed.

Question 8.
Film tourism.
Answer:

• In film tourism, the locations where films are shot are shown to the tourists.
• A number of amenities and facilities are provided at such places to attract tourists.
• Mumbai film city, Ramoji film city are the famous film tourist places in India.

Question 9.
Coastal (sea) tourism
Answer:

• Coastal (sea) tourism is a new type of tourism.
• Tarkarli in Konkan is famous for snorkelling and scuba diving. It is also famous for its seabed and the biodiversity.
• MTDC has started a ‘scuba diving training centre’ of international standards at Tarkarli of Malwan taluka in Sindhudurg district.

Answer in brief:

Question 1.
Which new forms of tourism have developed recently?
Answer:
In recent years, the following are the new forms of tourism that have developed:

• Eco-tourism: While touring a place the environment should not be degraded or damaged by tourists, then it is called Ecotourism.
• Agro-tourism: Concept of ‘agro-tourism’ has arisen where pollution-free location away from the city holding an agricultural activity is visited. There the tourists are shown a glimpse of agricultural life.
• Film Tourism: Film tourism is a new type of tourism. The locations where films are shot are shown to tourists.
• Medical Tourism: The medicinal and surgical treatment in Indian hospitals are cost-effective and therefore, many patients from various developing countries come here for treatment.
• Medical Tourism develops from such facilities required by these tourists.

Question 2.
Explain the importance of tourist development in India.
Answer:

• India is diverse in terms of culture and nature, due to which India has a lot of potential for tourism.
• The richness of natural beauty in India, attractive landscapes and high mountains like Flimalayas exquisite coastal areas attract tourists.
• Also, the diversity of Indian culture, festivals, traditions and customs have resulted in opportunities for tourism in India.

Question 8.
What are the reasons of following medical tourists in India?
Answer:

• Many tourists visit India to avail health facilities, to achieve mental peace and physical strength through Indian Ayurveda, Yoga and Pranayam.
• The medicinal and surgical treatment in Indian hospitals are cost-effective and therefore many patients from various developing countries come here for treatment.
• Hence, medical Tourism develops from the facilities required by these tourists.

Class 10th Marathi Kumarbharti Chapter 20.1 व्युत्पत्ती कोश Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Kumarbharti Chapter 20.1 व्युत्पत्ती कोश Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions, and Answers.

Std 10 Marathi Chapter 20.1 Question Answer

Marathi Kumarbharti Std 10 Digest Chapter 20.1 व्युत्पत्ती कोश Textbook Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
टिपा लिहा.
(अ) व्युत्पत्ती कोशाचे कार्य
उत्तर:
व्युत्पत्ती कोशाचे कार्य: व्युत्पत्ती म्हणजे एखादया शब्दाच्या किंवा अर्थाच्या मुळाचे ज्ञान होय. व्युत्पत्ती सांगणे म्हणजे एखादया शब्दाच्या मुळाविषयी माहिती देणे होय, अशा अनेक शब्दांच्या व्युत्पत्तींचा संग्रह म्हणजे व्युत्पत्ती कोश !

व्युत्पत्ती कोशाचे कार्य पुढीलप्रमाणे चार प्रकारे चालते:

• मराठी भाषेतील – प्रमाण व बोली – शब्दांचे मूळ रूप दाखवणे,
• विशिष्ट प्रदेशात व भौगोलिक परिसरात एकाच शब्दातील उच्चारात बदल होत असतो. हा शब्दाच्या उच्चारातील बदल व फरक दाखवणे.
• भाषेमध्ये इतिहासाच्या दृष्टीने फरक होत असतात. भिन्न भिन्न काळात जे शब्दांत बदल होतात, त्या बदलांचे कारण स्पष्ट करणे.
• भिन्न भिन्न समाजांत वेगवेगळ्या कारणांनी शब्दाच्या अर्थाच्या अंगानेही बदल संभवतात. हे अर्थातील बदल स्पष्ट करणे.

(आ) शब्द तयार होण्याचे विविध प्रकार

प्रश्न 2.
खालील मुद्द्यांच्या आधारे एक परिच्छेद तयार करा. (७ ते ८ वाक्यांत)

उत्तर:
व्युत्पत्ती कोश: एखादया शब्दाबद्दलचे कुतूहल शमवण्यासाठी आपण व्युत्पत्ती कोशाची मदत घेतो, व्युत्पत्ती कोशात आपल्याला मूळ शब्द कसा, केव्हा, कुठे निर्माण झाला हे तर कळतेच परंतु अन्य भाषांत तो शब्द कसा आला आहे व कोणत्या रूपात आहे, हेही कळते. असा हा शब्दांचा किमयागार कसा अस्तित्वात आला हे समजून घेणे उद्बोधक ठरेल.

१९३८ साली मुंबई येथे अखिल भारतीय मराठी साहित्य संमेलन भरले होते. स्वातंत्र्यवीर सावरकर हे संमेलनाचे अध्यक्ष होते. त्यांच्या अध्यक्षतेखाली ‘व्युत्पत्ती कोश रचनेचे कार्य हाती घ्यावे’ असा ठराव या संमेलनात मंजूर करण्यात आला. कृ. पां. कुलकर्णी यांच्यावर संपादनाची जबाबदारी सोपवण्यात आली. बॅ. मुकुंदराव जयकर यांनी अर्थसाहाय्य केले व श्री. दाजीसाहेब तुळजापूरकर यांनी पुरस्कृत केल्यामुळे निर्मितीस भरीव मदत केली. अखेर १९४६ साली मराठी व्युत्पत्ती कोशाचे पहिले प्रकाशन झाले.

प्रश्न 3.
पाठाबाहेरची उदाहरणे शोधून खालील कृती करा.

उत्तर:

Marathi Kumarbharti Std 10 Guide 

• आकाशी झेप घे रे Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• सोनाली Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• निर्णय Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• सर्व विश्वचि व्हावे सुखी Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• व्युत्पत्ती कोश Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions

Class 10th Marathi Kumarbharti Chapter 20 सर्व विश्वचि व्हावे सुखी Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Kumarbharti Chapter 20 सर्व विश्वचि व्हावे सुखी Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions, and Answers.

Std 10 Marathi Chapter 20 Question Answer

Marathi Kumarbharti Std 10 Digest Chapter 20 सर्व विश्वचि व्हावे सुखी Textbook Questions and Answers

कृति

कृतिपत्रिकेतील प्रश्न १ (अ) आणि (आ) यांसाठी…

प्रश्न 1.
खालील चौकटी पूर्ण करा.
(अ) संत ज्ञानेश्वर यांनी मानवाच्या कल्याणासाठी केलेली विश्वप्रार्थना – [ ]
(आ) मानवी सुखदुःखाशी सहृदयतेने समरस होणे – [ ]
(इ) ‘सर्वांभूती भगवद्भावो’ अशी प्रार्थना करणारे संत – [ ]
(ई) सामाजिक प्रबोधनावर भर देणारे संत – [ ]
(उ) संत तुकारामांचे जीवनसूत्र – [ ]
उत्तर:
(अ) संत ज्ञानेश्वर यांनी मानवाच्या कल्याणासाठी केलेली विश्वप्रार्थना – [पसायदान]
(आ) मानवी सुखदु:खाशी सहृदयतेने समरस होणे – [मैत्री]
(इ) ‘सर्वांभूती भगवद्भावो’ अशी प्रार्थना करणारे संत – [संत एकनाथ]
(ई) सामाजिक प्रबोधनावर भर देणारे संत – [संत गाडगे महाराज]
(उ) संत तुकारामांचे जीवनसूत्र – [परस्पर सहकार्य]

प्रश्न 2.
आकृत्या पूर्ण करा.


उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
फरक संग

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 4.
खालील काव्यपंक्तींचा अर्थ लिहा.
(अ) जे खळांची व्यंकटी सांडो – [ ]
(आ) दुरिताचे तिमिर जावो – [ ]
उत्तर:
(i) जे खळांची व्यंकटी सांडो – [माणसांच्या मनातील दुष्ट भाव नष्ट होऊ दे.]
(ii) दुरितांचे तिमिर जावो – [(दुरित म्हणजे दुष्कर्म.) सर्व दुष्कर्माचा अंधार नष्ट होऊ दे.]

प्रश्न 5.
खालील तक्ता पूर्ण करा. त्यासाठी कंसातील शब्दांचा उपयोग करा.
(नम्रता, मैत्रभाव, विश्वकल्याण, स्वप्रयत्न, सहकार्य)

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 6.
स्वमत.
(अ) सर्व संतांच्या प्रार्थनमधील सामाईक सूत्र तुमच्या शब्दांत थोडक्यात लिहा.
उत्तर:
संत स्वत:पलीकडे जाऊन संपूर्ण जगाकडे पाहतात. त्यांना सर्व प्राणिमात्रांबद्दलच कळवळा वाटतो. त्यांच्या मनात आपपरभाव नसतो, त्यांना सर्व माणसे समान वाटतात; सारखीच प्रिय वाटतात. म्हणून संतमहात्मे सर्व मानवजातीचे कल्याण इच्छितात. म्हणूनच ‘जो जे वांछील तो ते लाहो’ असे ज्ञानदेव म्हणतात, नामदेवांना वाटते की, सर्वांच्या मनातला अहंकार नष्ट व्हावा. म्हणजे सगळेजण एकमेकाला स्वत:च्या हृदयात सामावून घेतील. संत एकनाथांना सर्वांच्याच ठिकाणी भगवद्भाव आढळतो. संत तुकाराम महाराज सर्वांनी एकमेकाला साहाय्य करीत परमेश्वर चरणांपर्यंत जाण्याचा मार्ग दाखवतात. सर्वच संत स्वतःसाठी काहीही मागत नाहीत, ते समस्त मानवजातीसाठी, समस्त प्राणिमात्रांसाठी परमेश्वराकडे हात जोडून प्रार्थना करतात.

(आ) ‘भूतां परस्परें पडो । मैत्र जीवाचें ।’ या ओळीचा तुम्हांला समजलेला अर्थ लिहा.
उत्तर:
या ओळीतील भूत, मैत्र आणि जीव’ हे तीन शब्द खूप महत्त्वाचे आहेत. देह धारण करणारा प्रत्येकजण ‘भूत’ होय. म्हणून जगातली सगळी माणसे भूत होत. पण फक्त माणसेच नव्हेत, तर सूक्ष्मजीवांपासून ते हत्ती-गेंडे यांसारखे सर्व प्राणिमात्र भूत होत. तसेच. वृक्षवेली यासुद्घा सजीवच आहेत. त्यासुद्घा भूत होत. या सर्वांच्या मनात एकमेकांबद्दल निर्मळ, पवित्र अशी प्रेमभावना निर्माण झाली पाहिजे, ही इच्छा ज्ञानदेव देवाजवळ व्यक्त करतात. जात, धर्म, भाषा, प्रांत वगैरे गोष्टींवरून आपण अनेकांना शत्रू समजतो. या भावना बाह्य गुणांवर अवलंबून आहेत. ज्ञानदेव या गोष्टींच्या पलीकडे जायला सांगतात. प्रत्येक जण सुखीच असेल. नेमकी हीच मागणी ज्ञानदेव विश्वात्मक देवाकडे करीत आहेत.

(इ) या पाठातून तुम्ही काय शिकलात, ते तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तर:
सर्व संतांनी घ्यापक दृष्टिकोन बाळगून लोकांना उपदेश केला आहे. सर्व लोकांनी एकमेकांशी प्रेमाने वागावे. एकमेकांना, अडीअडचणीत असलेल्या सर्वांना मदत करावी. सर्वांमध्ये सहकार्याची भावना हवी. या त-हेने सर्वजण वागू लागले, तर समाजात शांती नांदेल. माणसे सुखासमाधानाने जगू लागतील. या अशा वातावरणातच माणसे प्रगती करु शकतात. अशा वातावरणात चोऱ्यामाऱ्या होणार नाहीत. दंगेधोपे होणार नाहीत. कोणाची पिळवणूक होणार नाही. कोणाची फसवणूक होणार नाही. कोणावर अन्याय होणार नाही. एकंदरीत, सर्व व्यवस्था ही न्यायावर आधारलेली राहील. म्हणून सर्वांनी एकोप्याने राहावे, असे सर्व संत सांगतात. इतरेजनांशी सहृदयतेने समरस झाले पाहिजे. सर्वांनी शिक्षण घेतले पाहिजे. वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोन बाळगला पाहिजे. हा पाठ वाचून मला हाच संदेश मिळाला.

भाषाभ्यास

खालील ओळींतील वृत्त ओळखा.

(i) म्हणे वासरा । घात झाला असा रे
तुझ्या माऊलीचेच हे खेळ सारे
वृथा धाडिला राम माझा वनासी
न देखो शके त्या जगज्जीवनासी

(ii) अविरत पथि चाले, पांथ नेमस्त मानी
कधि न मुळि न थांबे, कोणत्या कारणांनी
वचनि मननि त्याच्या, ध्येय हे एक ठावे
स्वपर जनसमूहा सौख्य कारी बनावे

(iii) मातीत ते पसरले अति रम्य पंख।
केले वरी उदर पांडुर निष्कलंक।।
चंचू तशीच उघडी पद लांबवीले।
निष्प्राण देह पडला श्रमही निमाले।।
उत्तर:

वृत्त: हे भुजंगप्रयात अक्षरगणवृत्त आहे.]

वृत्त: हे मालिनी अक्षरगणवृत्त आहे.

वृत्त: हे वसंततिलका अक्षरगणवृत्त आहे.

Marathi Kumarbharti Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 20 सर्व विश्वचि व्हावे सुखी Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न. पुढील उतारा वाचा आणि दिलेल्या सूचनांनुसार कृती करा:
कृती १: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
चौकटी पूर्ण करा:
(ii) संतांची भूमी – [ ]
(iii) संत म्हणजे – [ ]
(iv) सर्व संतांच्या प्रार्थनांमधून व्यक्त झालेली भावना – [ ]
उत्तर:
(i) संतांची भूमी – [महाराष्ट्र]
(ii) संत म्हणजे – [सत्पुरुष]
(iii) सर्व संतांच्या प्रार्थनांमधून व्यक्त झालेली भावना – [मानवता]

कृती २: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
आकृत्या सोडवा:

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
सर्वांनी गुण्यागोविंदाने राहावे, हे सांगताना दिलेला दाखला सांगा.
उत्तर:
पाने, फुले, फळे, झाडे, झरे, नदया, समुद्र, आकाशातील सर्व ग्रहगोल हे सारे एकोप्याने राहतात. त्यांच्यात कधीही कलह होत नाही, त्यांच्याप्रमाणेच सर्वांनी एकोप्याने राहावे, असा दाखला ज्ञानदेवांनी दिला आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
विधान पूर्ण करा:
पसायदान म्हणजे …………………..
उत्तर:
पसायदान म्हणजे मानवाच्या कल्याणासाठी विश्वात्मक देवाला हात जोडून केलेली प्रार्थना होय.

कृती ३: (व्याकरण)

प्रश्न 1.
पुढे दिलेली वाक्ये वाचा आणि योग्य त्या नामासाठी योग्य ते सर्वनाम वापरा:
(i) ही संतांची खरी भूमिका आहे.
(ii) संतांच्या साहित्याचा आत्मा भक्ती हा आहे.
(iii) संत परमेश्वराकडे स्वतःसाठी काहीही मागत नाहीत.
उत्तर:
(i) ही संतांची खरी भूमिका आहे.
(ii) त्यांच्या साहित्याचा आत्मा भक्ती हा आहे.
(iii) ते परमेश्वराकडे स्वत:साठी काहीही मागत नाहीत.

प्रश्न 2.
‘विश्वकल्याण = विश्वाचे कल्याण’ यासारखे आणखी दोन शब्द विग्रहासह लिहा.
उत्तर:
(i) शांतिनिकेतन = शांतीचे निकेतन.
(ii) रजनीनाथ = रजनीचा नाथ.

प्रश्न 3.
अधोरेखित शब्दांचे अनेकवचन योजून वाक्य पुन्हा लिहा:
माणसाच्या मनातील माणुसकीचा झरा जिवंत ठेवला पाहिजे.
उत्तर:
माणसांच्या मनांतील माणुसकीचे झरे जिवंत ठेवले पाहिजेत.

उतारा क्र. २
प्रश्न. पुढील उतारा वाचा आणि दिलेल्या सूचनांनुसार कृती करा:

कृती १: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
विधाने पूर्ण करा:
(i) आयुष्यात मोठे व्हायचे असेल, तर अंगी नम्रता हवी; म्हणजे अंगी नम्रता असेल, तर ……………………….
(ii) थोरांच्या चरित्रांतून आपल्याला शिकवण मिळते की, ……………………….
उत्तर:
(i) आयुष्यात मोठे व्हायचे असेल, तर अंगी नम्रता हवी; म्हणजे अंगी नम्रता असेल, तर आयुष्यात मोठे होता येईल.
(ii) थोरांच्या चरित्रांतून आपल्याला शिकवण मिळते की, विनम्रता ही केव्हाही जगाला आपलेसे करते.

प्रश्न 2.
स्पष्ट करा:
(i) सर्वांभूती भगवद्भावो.
(ii) संतसंग देई सदा.
उत्तर:
(i) सर्वांभूती भगवद्भावो म्हणजे प्राणिमात्रांशी मैत्री केली पाहिजे. येथे मैत्री म्हणजे काय? मैत्री म्हणजे माणसांच्या सुखदुःखांशी समरस होणे आणि असे समरस होताना आपपरभाव न बाळगणे.
(ii) संतांचा सदोदित सहवास लाभावा. त्यामुळे संतांचे गुण, त्यांची वृत्ती, त्यांचा दृष्टिकोन अंगी भिनतो. मग सगळेच जण परस्पर सहकार्यासाठी उभे ठाकतात. या परस्पर सहकार्यातून मानवी जीवनाचे कल्याण साधले जाते. म्हणून मला सदोदित संतांचा सहवास दें.

प्रश्न 3.
रामदासांनी दिलेला संदेश लिहा.
उत्तर:
संत रामदासांचा संदेश: हे परमेश्वरा, जनहित तेच बघ. सर्वांचे कल्याण कर.

प्रश्न 4.
गाडगेबाबांचा संदेश लिहा.
उत्तर:
संत गाडगे महाराजांचा संदेश: धर्मकार्यासाठी वाटेल तसा पैसा उधळण्यापेक्षा तोच पैसा शिक्षण मिळवण्यासाठी खर्च करावा. स्वत:च स्वत:च्या उद्धारासाठी सिद्ध झाले पाहिजे. त्यातच माणसाचे कल्याण आहे.

कृती ३: (व्याकरण)

प्रश्न 1.
विरुद्ध अर्थाचे शब्द लिहा:
(i) कल्याण
(ii) वैयक्तिक
(iii) माणुसकी
(iv) समारोप.
उत्तर:
(i) कल्याण × अकल्याण
(ii) वैयक्तिक × सामूहिक
(iii) माणुसकी × माणुसकीहीनता
(iv) समारोप × सुरुवात

प्रश्न 2.
कंसात दिलेला प्रत्यय जोडून शब्दांचे पूर्ण रूप लिहा:
(i) भूमिका (ला)
(ii) झरा (चे)
(iii) ग्रंथ (ला)
(iv) नदी (ना).
उत्तर:
(i) भूमिकेला
(ii) झऱ्याचे
(ii) ग्रंथाला
(iv) नदयांना.

प्रश्न 3.
समानार्थी शब्द लिहा:
(i) कळवळा
(i) कल्याण
(iii) प्रार्थना
(iv) सहृदयता.
उत्तर:
(i) कळवळा = करुणा
(ii) कल्याण = उत्कर्ष
(iii) प्रार्थना = विनंती
(iv) सहृदयता = सहानुभूती.

उतारा क्र.३
प्रश्न. पुढील उतारा वाचा आणि दिलेल्या सूचनांनुसार कृती करा:

कृती १: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
चौकटी पूर्ण करा:
(i) संपूर्ण गावाची भगवद्गीता – [ ]
(ii) गावाचे मंदिर – [ ]
(iii) मंदिरातील मूर्ती – [ ]
उत्तर:
(i) संपूर्ण गावाची भगवद्गीता – [गावस्वच्छता]
(ii) गावाचे मंदिर – [संपूर्ण गाव]
(iii) मंदिरातील मूर्ती – [माणूस]

प्रश्न 2.
आकृत्या पूर्ण करा:

उत्तर:

(३) चौकटी पूर्ण करा:

उत्तर:

कृती २: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
‘माणूस हा सामाजिक प्राणी आहे,’ या विधानाची सत्यता पटवून देणारी वाक्ये लिहा.
उत्तर:
(i) माणूस हा कधीही एकाकी राहू शकत नाही.
(ii) त्याला संवादाची नितांत गरज असते.
(iii) माणसाने कुणालाही दुखावता कामा नये.
(iv) शक्यतो दुसऱ्याच्या उपयोगी पडले पाहिजे.

प्रश्न 2.
‘हे विश्वचि माझे घर’ या ज्ञानदेवांच्या उद्गारामागील भावनेचा:
(i) आज पूर्ण होताना दिसून येणारा भाग:
(ii) आज आपण गमावलेला भाग:
उत्तर:
(i) आज पूर्ण होताना दिसून येणारा भाग: विज्ञान-तंत्रज्ञानामुळे जग खूप जवळ आले आहे; लहान झाले आहे. आज माणसे सहजगत्या कुठेही जाऊ शकतात, राहू शकतात. जग जणू एक घरच बनले आहे.
(ii) आज आपण गमावलेला भाग: घरातल्या माणसांच्या मनात घरातल्या इतरांबद्दल जिव्हाळा, आपुलकी असते. थोडक्यात, आपापसांतील नात्यांत भावनेचा ओलावा असतो. आज आपण हा ओलावा गमावून बसलो आहोत. माणसामाणसांना जोडणारा जिव्हाळा आज हरवला आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
झाड व पर्वत यांतील साम्य लिहा.
उत्तर:
झाड व पर्वत यांच्यात एक साम्य आहे. झाड स्वत: उन्हाचा ताप सहन करते आणि थंड सावली इतरांना देते. त्याप्रमाणेच पर्वतही वागताना दिसतो. पर्वताच्या कुशीत नदी उगम पावते. पण नदी तिथे थांबत नाही. ती पर्वतापासून दूर जाते. पर्वत तिचा हा वियोग सहन करतो आणि नदीला सर्व जगाची तहान भागवू देतो.

प्रश्न 4.

उत्तर:

कृती ३: (व्याकरण)

प्रश्न 1.
पुढील शब्दांतील प्रत्यय ओळखा आणि त्या प्रत्ययासह आणखी दोन शब्द लिहा:
(i) साधर्म्य
(ii) सहृदयता.
उत्तर:
(i) साधर्म्य – य:
सुंदर + य = सौंदर्य,
गद + य = गय.

(ii) सहृदयता – ता:
कोमल + ता = कोमलता,
विविध + ता = विविधता.

प्रश्न 2.
कंसांतील सूचनांनुसार उत्तर: लिहा:
(i) या संकल्पना संतसाहित्यातून प्रकट झाल्या आहेत. (भूतकाळ करा.)
(ii) हा ग्रंथ पूर्ण करण्याच्या तयारीत ते होते. (भविष्यकाळ करा.)
(iii) यातून प्रार्थना निर्माण झाली. (वर्तमानकाळ करा.)
उत्तर:
(i) या संकल्पना संतसाहित्यातून प्रकट झाल्या होत्या.
(ii) हा ग्रंथ पूर्ण करण्याच्या तयारीत ते असतील.
(iii) यातून प्रार्थना निर्माण होते.

प्रश्न 3.
कंसांतील सूचनेनुसार बदल करून वाक्ये पुन्हा लिहा:
(i) संत ज्ञानेश्वरांनी सांगितलेली ही प्रार्थना मराठी मनाच्या स्मरणात कायम आहे. (मिश्र वाध्य करा.)
(ii) वैयक्तिक इच्छा पूर्ण व्हावी म्हणून आपण नेहमीच प्रार्थना करतो. (केवल वाक्य करा.)
उत्तर:
(i) संत ज्ञानेश्वरांनी जी प्रार्थना सांगितली, ती मराठी मनाच्या स्मरणात कायम आहे.
(ii) वैयक्तिक इच्छा पूर्ण होण्यासाठी आपण नेहमीच प्रार्थना करतो.

प्रश्न 4.
पुढील वाक्यातील अधोरेखित शब्दांबद्दल पुढील माहिती लिहून तक्ता पूर्ण करा.
विज्ञानातील चांगले प्रकल्प समृद्धी आणतात, पण सुंदर मने ही राष्ट्राची श्रीमंती वाढवतात.

उत्तर:

कृती ४: (स्वमत/अभिव्यक्ती)

प्रश्न 1.
समाजातील जिव्हाळा हरवल्याबद्दलची व्यक्त केलेली खंत व त्याचा परिणाम तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तर:
सध्या जवळजवळ सर्वांच्या मनात इतरांबद्दल जिव्हाळा राहिलेला नाही. साध्या साध्या प्रसंगात माणसे हमरातुमरीवर येतात. साधे बसमध्ये चढताना लोक धक्काबुक्की करतात. त्यामुळे मुले, म्हातारी माणसे, आजारी माणसे व अपंग यांचे खूप हाल होतात. काही दुष्ट दुधात भेसळ करतात, अन्नपदार्थात भेसळ करतात. त्यामुळे कित्येकांना विषबाधा होते. काहीजणांना प्राण गमवावे लागतात. वाईट बांधकामामुळे रस्त्यांवर भीषण अपघात घडतात. घरे कोसळतात. पूल कोसळतात. त्यांत अनेकांचे अतोनात नुकसान होते. या माणसांवर कोणती संकटे कोसळतात, कोणत्या दु:खांना तोंड द्यावे लागते. याबद्दल भ्रष्टाचाऱ्यांना ना खेद वाटतो, ना खंत वाटते. इतरांबद्दल जिव्हाळाच वाटत नसल्याने अशी कृत्ये माणसांकडून घडून जातात.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास

कृतिपत्रिकेतील प्रश्न ४ (अ) आणि (आ) यांसाठी…
व्याकरण घटकांवर आधारित कृती:

१. समास:
पुढील सामासिक शब्दांचा विग्रह करून समास ओळखा:

उत्तर:

२. अलंकार:
रूपक अलंकाराची लक्षणे सांगून उदाहरण दया:
उत्तर:
लक्षणे: उपमेय व उपमान यांत एकरूपता असते व ती भिन्न नाहीत असे वर्णन जेथे असते तिथे रूपक अलंकार होतो.
उदाहरण: काय बाई सांगो। स्वामीची ती दृष्टी।
अमृताची वृष्टी । मज होय ।।

४. शब्दसिद्धी:
* पुढील चौकटीत दिलेल्या शब्दांचे वर्गीकरण करून तक्ता पूर्ण करा:

उत्तर:

५. सामान्यरूप:
तक्ता पूर्ण करा:

६. वाक्प्रचार:
(१) वाक्प्रचार व अर्थ यांच्या जोड्या लावा:

(२) तक्ता पूर्ण करा: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-१)

भाषिक घटकांवर आधारित कृती:

१. शब्दसंपत्ती:

(१) विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा:
(i) आधुनिक × ……………………….
(ii) मर्यादित × ……………………….
(iii) स्मरण × ……………………….
(iv) तिमिर × ……………………….
(v) दुष्कर्म × ……………………….
(vi) स्वार्थ × ……………………….
(vii) व्यर्ध × ……………………….
(viii) वैयक्तिक × ……………………….
उत्तर:
(i) आधुनिक × प्राचीन
(iii) स्मरण × विस्मरण
(v) दुष्कर्म × सत्कर्म
(vii) व्यर्थ × सार्थ
(ii) मर्यादित × अमर्यादित
(iv) तिमिर × प्रकाश
(vi) स्वार्थ × निःस्वार्थ
(viii) वैयक्तिक × सार्वजनिक,

(२) समानार्थी शब्द लिहा: (प्रत्येकी दोन)
(i) [ ………. ] = [वृक्ष] = [ ………. ]
(ii) [ ………. ] = [समुद्र] = [ ………. ]
(iii) [ ………. ] = [सूर्य] = [ ………. ]
(iv) [ ………. ] = [चंद्र] = [ ………. ]
उत्तर:
(i) [ झाड ] = [वृक्ष] = [ तारू ]
(ii) [ सागर ] = [समुद्र] = [ सिंधू ]
(iii) [ रवी ] = [सूर्य] = [ भास्कर ]
(iv) [ शशी ] = [चंद्र] = [ रजनीनाथ ]

(३) पुढील शब्दांतील समानार्थी व विरुद्धार्थी शब्दाच्या चार जोड्या तयार करा: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-१)

उत्तर:

(४) पुढील शब्दांतील अक्षरांपासून चार अर्थपूर्ण शब्द तयार करा:
(i) तुकाराम → [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
(ii) महाराज → [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
(iii) गगनभरारी → [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-१)
उत्तर:
(i) तुकाराम → [राम] [कारा] [मका] [मरा]
(ii) महाराज → [महा] [राज] [जरा] [राम]
(iii) गगनभरारी → [नभ] [भरा] [राग] [रान]

(५) गटात न बसणारा शब्द लिहा:
(i) तम, तिमिर, समर, काळोख, अंधार.
(ii) उजेड, तेज, प्रकाश, आकाश, आभा.
(iii) खोदाई, लढाई, शिष्टाई, मुंबई. (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-२)
(iv) हरिहर, हररोज, हरघडी, हरसाल. (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-२)
उत्तर:
(i) समर
(ii) आकाश
(ii) मुंबई –
(iv) हरिहर लेखननियम:

(१) अचूक शब्द निवडा:
उत्तर:
(i) सहायक / साहय्यक / सहय्यक / सहाय्यक. – [सहायक]
(ii) उतरार्ध / उत्तरार्ध / उतर्राध/ उत्तर्राध. – [उत्तरार्ध]
(iii) अतिशयोक्ती / अतीशयोक्ती/ अतिशयोक्ति / अतीशयोक्ति. – [अतिशयोक्ती]
(iv) कल्पवृक्ष /कप्लवृक्ष / कल्पव्रक्ष / कल्पवृक्ष. – [कल्पवृक्ष] (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-१)
(v) उप्तन्न/उत्पन/ उत्पन्न/ऊत्पन्न. – [उत्पन्न]
(vi) सुचना / सूचना / सुचणा / सूचाना. – [सूचना]
(vii) स्मृतीदीन /स्मृतिदिन / स्मृतिदीन /स्मृतीदिन. – [स्मृतिदिन]
(viii) परंपरिक / पारंपारिक / परंपारिक / पारंपरिक. – [पारंपरिक]
(ix) तिर्थरूप/तीर्थरूप/तीर्थरुप / तिथरूंप – [तीर्थरुप]
(x) आशिर्वाद/आशीर्वाद/आर्शीवाद/आशिरवाद – [आशीर्वाद] (मार्च १९)

(२) पुढील वाक्ये लेखननियमांनुसार लिहा:
(i) शिक्षणामुळे माणुस सूसंस्क्रुत व्हावा.
(ii) आपल्या पूरवजांनी अर्जीठा वेरूळ बनवलाय. (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-१)
उत्तर:
(i) शिक्षणामुळे माणूस सुसंस्कृत होतो.
(ii) आपल्या पूर्वजांनी अजिंठा वेरूळ बनवलाय.

३. विरामचिन्हे:
(१) पुढील वाक्यांतील विरामचिन्हे ओळखा:
संत ज्ञानेश्वरांच्या ‘ज्ञानेश्वरी’ या ग्रंथात पसायदान आहे.
उत्तर:
[ ‘ ‘ ] → एकेरी अवतरणचिन्ह
[ . ] → पूर्णविराम.

(२) पुढील वाक्यात योग्य ती विरामचिन्हे भरून वाक्य पुन्हा लिहा:
निसर्गातील फुले फळे वृक्ष नदया समुद्र सूर्य चंद्र तारे एकोप्याने राहतात
उत्तर:
निसर्गातील फुले, फळे, वृक्ष, नया, समुद्र, सूर्य, चंद्र, तारे एकोप्याने राहतात.

(३) प्रस्तुत वाक्यातील चुकीची विरामचिन्हे ओळखा व दुरुस्त करून लिहा: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-१)
मी तिला म्हटले. कर्त्यांच्या पुतळ्यापाशी बसून रडायला तुला काहीच कसे वाटत नाही!
उत्तर:
मी तिला म्हटले, “कव्यांच्या पुतळ्यापाशी बसून रडायला तुला काहीच कसे वाटत नाही?”

(४) पुढे विरामचिन्हाचा उपयोग दिला आहे त्यानुसार त्या आशयाचे विरामचिन्ह चौकटीत भरा: (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-१)
(i) बोलणाऱ्याच्या तोंडचे शब्द दाखवण्यासाठी → [ ” ” ]
(ii) दोन शब्द जोडण्यासाठी किंवा जोडशब्दातील पदे सुटी करून दाखवण्यासाठी → [ – ]

४. पारिभाषिक शब्द: *पुढील इंग्रजी पारिभाषिक शब्दांना मराठी प्रतिशब्द लिहा:
उत्तर:
(i) Children’s Theatre – बालरंगभूमी
(ii) Daily Wages – दैनिक वेतन / रोजंदारी
(iii) Joint Meeting – संयुक्त सभा
(iv) Junior Clerk – कनिष्ठ लिपिक
(v) Letter-Head – नाममुद्रित प्रत
(vi) Up-to-date – अदययावत
(vii) Open Letter – अनावृत पत्र
(viii) Press Note – प्रसिद्धिपत्रक
(ix) Registered Letter – नोंदणीकृत पत्र
(x) Revaluation – पुनर्मूल्यांकन
(xi) Survey – सर्वेक्षण / पाहणी
(xii) Secretary – सचिव / कार्यवाह

५. अकारविल्हे / भाषिक खेळ:
(१) पुढील शब्द अकारविल्हेनुसार लिहा:
(i) संत → महंत → साधू → महापुरुष.
(ii) संस्कृत → मराठी → हिंदी → इंग्रजी.
उत्तर:
(i) महंत → महापुरुष → संत → साधू.
(ii) इंग्रजी → मराठी → संस्कृत → हिंदी.

(२) आकृती पूर्ण करा:

उत्तर:

सर्व विश्वचि व्हावे सुखी शब्दार्थ

• साधर्म्य – समान गोष्ट.
• चिरंजीव – चिरकाल टिकणारी गोष्ट.

सर्व विश्वचि व्हावे सुखी वाक्प्रचार व त्यांचे अर्थ

• साकडे घालणे : विनवणी करणे.
• आपलेसे करणे : आपुलकी निर्माण करणे,
• समरस होणे : एकरूप होणे.

Marathi Kumarbharti Std 10 Guide 

• आकाशी झेप घे रे Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• सोनाली Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• निर्णय Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• सर्व विश्वचि व्हावे सुखी Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• व्युत्पत्ती कोश Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions

Class 10th Marathi Kumarbharti Chapter 19 तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक (कविता) Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Marathi Solutions Kumarbharti Chapter 19 तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक (कविता) Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions, and Answers.

Std 10 Marathi Chapter 19 Question Answer

Marathi Kumarbharti Std 10 Digest Chapter 19 तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक Textbook Questions and Answers

कृति

कृतिपत्रिकेतील प्रश्न २ (अ) साठी…

प्रश्न 1.
खालील आकृत्या पूर्ण करा.
(अ) (१) डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांनी नाकारलेली गोष्ट
उत्तर:
डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांनी नाकारलेली गोष्ट – [मळवाट]

(२) डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांचे स्वागत करणारे
उत्तर:
डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांचे स्वागत करणारे – [खाचखळगे]

(आ)

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
कवितेतील संदर्भ आणि स्पष्टीकरणे यांच्या जोड्या लावा.
कवितेतील संदर्भ – स्पष्टीकरण
(१) मळवाट – (अ) अन्यायाविरुद्ध आवाज उठवू न शकणारा समाज
(२) खाचखळगे – (आ) पारंपरिक वाट
(३) मूक समाज – (इ) अडचणी, कठीण परिस्थिती
उत्तर:
(१) मळवाट – पारंपरिक वाट
(२) खाचखळगे – अडचणी, कठीण परिस्थिती
(३) मूक समाज – अन्यायाविरुद्ध आवाज उठवू न शकणारा समाज

प्रश्न 3.
चवदार तळ्याच्या घटनेनंतरच्या पन्नास वर्षांत वातावरणात झालेल्या बदलाचे वर्णन करणाऱ्या ओळी लिहा.
उत्तर:
(i) सूर्यफुले ध्यास घेत आहेत.
(ii) बिगूल प्रतीक्षा करीत आहे.
(iii) चवदार तळ्याचे पाणी थंड झाले आहे.

प्रश्न 4.
चवदार तळ्याच्या घटनेसंदर्भाने तुलना करा.
पन्नास वर्षांपूर्वीची परिस्थिती – पन्नास वर्षांनंतरची परिस्थिती
………………… – …………………
………………… – …………………
………………… – …………………
उत्तर:
पन्नास वर्षांपूर्वीची परिस्थिती पन्नास वर्षानंतरची परिस्थिती
(i) सूर्यफुलांनी पाठ फिरवली सूर्यफुले ध्यास घेत आहेत. होती.
(ii) रणशिंग फुकले होते. आता बिगूल वाट पाहत आहे.
(iii) चवदार तळ्याचे पाणी आता चवदार तळ्याचे पाणी पेटले होते थंड आहे.

प्रश्न 5.
काव्यसौंदर्य.
(अ) ‘तुझे शब्द जसे की
महाकाव्ये तुझ्या पायाजवळ गळून पडावीत
तुझा संघर्ष असा की
काठ्यांच्या संगिनी व्हाव्यात.’, या ओळींचे रसग्रहण करा.
उत्तर:
आशयसौंदर्य: डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांनी प्रस्थापित वर्णव्यवस्थेविरुद्ध महाड येथे चवदार तळ्याचा जो संग्राम केला व शोषितांवरील अन्यायाविरुद्ध लढा उभारला, त्याच्या पन्नास वर्षे पूर्तीनंतर कवी ज. वि. पवार यांनी ‘तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक’ या कवितेमध्ये आपले मनोगत व्यक्त केले आहे. मूक समाजाच्या या महानायकाला अभिवादन करताना त्यांच्या कार्याचा यथोचित गौरव केला आहे.

काव्यसौंदर्य: उपरोक्त ओळींमध्ये डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर यांच्या शब्दांची किमया आणि संघर्षाचा परिणाम यांची महती कथन केली आहे. चवदार तळ्यावर सर्वांसाठी पाणी खुले करताना महामानवाने जी घोषणा केली त्या शब्दांपुढे सर्व महाकाव्ये नतमस्तक व्हावीत अशी होती. तसेच जो संघर्ष केला त्याचा प्रभाव असा पडला की शोषितांच्या हातातल्या काठ्या जणू जहाल बंदुका झाल्या. डॉ. बाबासाहेबांचा शब्द व संघर्षाचे सामर्थ्य यातून व्यक्त होते.

भाषिक वैशिष्ट्ये: मुक्तछंदात (मुक्तशैली) लिहिलेली ही कविता, त्यातील ओजस्वी शब्दकळेमुळे कार्यकर्त्यांच्या काळजाला थेट भिडते. काव्यात्म पण थेट विधानांमुळे त्यातील विचार परिणामकारक झाले आहेत. ‘महाकाव्याची नम्रता’ व ‘काठ्यांच्या बंदुका’ या प्रत्येकी शांतरस व अद्भुतरस यांची निर्मिती करतात.

(आ) डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांचे कवितेतून जाणवलेले कर्तृत्व तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा.
उत्तर:
पारंपरिक वर्णव्यवस्थेने नाकारलेल्या व दैन्य, दारिद्रयाच्या अंधारात खितपत पडणाऱ्या मूक समाजाला डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांनी नवविचारांचा प्रकाश दाखवला. .अन्यायाविरुद्ध न बोलणाऱ्या समाजात जागृती निर्माण केली. सर्व सुखांनी पाठ फिरवलेली असताना व अडचणींचा मार्ग असताना पारंपरिक वाटेने जायचे नाकारून, कठीण परिस्थितीवर मात करून डॉ. बाबासाहेबांनी नवा इतिहास घडवला. बहिष्कृत भारताला आत्मविश्वास दिला. अगाध ज्ञानाच्या बळावर लढा पुकारून शोषित जनतेच्या पायातल्या बेड्या मुक्त केल्या. चवदार तळ्याचा संग्राम यशस्वी केला. अशा प्रकारे पीडित व शोषित समाजाला सन्मानाने जगायला शिकवले.

(ई) अगाध ज्ञानाच्या बळावर डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर यांनी केलेले कार्य, तुमच्या शब्दांत थोडक्यात लिहा.
उत्तर:
अतिशय कठीण परिस्थितीमध्ये डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांनी आपले शिक्षण पूर्ण केले. त्यांनी बॅरिस्टर ही पदवी संपादन केली. ते उच्च विद्याविभूषित होते. त्यांनी आपल्या अगाध ज्ञानाच्या बळावर इथल्या बहिष्कृत समाजाला अन्यायापासून मुक्त करण्याचे अतिशय महत्त्वाचे कार्य अंगिकारले. शोषित, पीडित व वर्णव्यवस्थेतून नाकारलेल्या, समृद्धीपासून वंचित असलेल्या जनतेला संघटित केले. त्यांनी ‘शिका, संघटित व्हा व संघर्ष करा’ हा मूलमंत्र देऊन शोषित समाजाला आत्मविश्वास दिला. अन्यायाविरुद्ध लढा देण्यास प्रवृत्त केले. चवदार तळ्याचा संग्राम यशस्वी केला. समाजाला बोधितत्त्वाची शिकवण देऊन बौद्ध धर्म स्वीकारला. स्वतंत्र भारताचे संविधान लिहून भारतीय राज्यघटनेचे ते शिल्पकार ठरले. डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांना, त्यांच्या अगाध कर्तृत्वाला मानवंदना देण्यासाठी ‘भारतरत्न’ हा सर्वोच्च बहुमान सन्मानाने बहाल करण्यात आला.

Marathi Kumarbharti Class 10 Textbook Solutions Chapter 19 तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक Additional Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न. पुढील कवितेच्या आधारे दिलेल्या सूचनांनुसार कृती करा:
कृती १: (आकलन)

प्रश्न 1.
चौकटी पूर्ण करा:
(i) मूक समाजाचे नायक
(ii) पाठ फिरवणारी
(iii) संपूर्ण जागृत केलेला
(iv) अगाध ज्ञानाच्या बळावर कुंकलेले –
(v) डॉ. आंबेडकरांच्या पायाजवळ गळून पडणारी
(vi) डॉ. बाबासाहेबांच्या डरकाळीने डळमळलेले
(vii) अजूनही प्रतीक्षा करणारा –
(vii) प्रस्तुत कविता या काव्यसंग्रहातून घेतली आहे
उत्तर:
(i) मूक समाजाचे नायक – डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर
(ii) पाठ फिरवणारी – सूर्यफुले
(iii) संपूर्ण जागृत केलेला – बहिष्कृत भारत
(iv) अगाध ज्ञानाच्या बळावर फुकलेले – रणशिंग
(v) डॉ. आंबेडकरांच्या पायाजवळ गळून पडणारी – महाकाव्ये
(vi) डॉ. बाबासाहेबांच्या डरकाळीने डळमळलेले – आकाश व पृथ्वी
(vii) अजूनही प्रतीक्षा करणारा – बिगूल
(viii) प्रस्तुत कविता या काव्यसंग्रहातून घेतली आहे. – नाकेबंदी

कृतिपत्रिकेतील प्रश्न २ (आ) साठी…

प्रश्न.
पुढील कवितेसंबंधीत्याखाली दिलेल्या मुद्द्यांच्या आधारे कृती सोडवा: कविता-तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक.
उत्तर:
(१) प्रस्तुत कवितेचे कवी: ज. वि. पवार.
(२) कवितेचा रचनाप्रकार: मुक्तछंद.
(३) कवितेचा काव्यसंग्रह: नाकेबंदी.
(४) कवितेचा विषय: डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांचे माहात्म्य,

(५) कवितेतून व्यक्त होणारा (स्थायी) भाव: सर्वहारा समाजात अशक्यप्राय वाटणारी जागृती करून त्याला स्वबळावर उभे केल्याबद्दलचा कृतज्ञता भाव,

(६) कवितेच्या कवींची लेखनवैशिष्ट्ये: कविता मुक्तछंदात आहे. ‘तू परिस्थितीवर स्वार झालास’, ‘इतिहास घडवलास’, ‘रणशिंग फुकलेस’, ‘गुलामांच्या पायातल्या बेड्या तोडल्यास’, ‘आकाश हादरलं’, ‘पृथ्वी डचमळली’, ‘चवदार तळ्याला आग लागली’ यांसारख्या लढवय्या शब्दप्रयोगांनी कविता ओजस्वी बनली आहे. पूर्वी दलित समाज बाबासाहेबांच्या नेतृत्वाखाली खवळून उठला होता. तथाकथित उच्चवर्णीयांमध्ये खळबळ माजली होती. हे ‘चवदार तळ्याला आग लागली’ या शब्दांतून प्रखरपणे व्यक्त होते. ‘आता दलित समाज शांत झाला आहे, ही बाब ‘चवदार तळ्याचे पाणी थंड झालंय’ या शब्दांतून व्यक्त होते.

(७) कवितेंची मध्यवर्ती कल्पना: डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर यांनी केलेल्या महान कार्याबद्दल त्यांचे माहात्म्य कथन करण्यासाठी ही कविता लिहिली आहे. बाबासाहेबांनी सर्वार्थानी गांजलेल्या, पिचलेल्या समाजात जागृती निर्माण केली. त्यांना आत्मसन्मान मिळवून दिला. दलित समाजाला नवा जन्म दिला. पूर्ण खचलेल्या मनांमध्ये आत्मविश्वास ओतला. ही बाबासाहेबांची कर्तबगारी या कवितेचा आशय आहे.

(८) कवितेतून व्यक्त होणारा विचार: पारंपरिक वर्णव्यवस्थेने नाकारलेल्या व दैन्य, दारिद्र्याच्या चिखलात खितपत पडलेल्या समाजाला डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांनी बाहेर काढले. त्याला आत्मविश्वास दिला. स्वत:च्या पायावर उभे केले. संपूर्ण दलित समाज त्या वेळी बाबासाहेबांच्या पाठीशी उभा राहिला, चवदार तळ्याच्या सत्याग्रहाला, दलित चळवळीला तेज प्राप्त करून दिले. पण आता मात्र तोच दलित समाज थंड झाला आहे. त्याचे बाबासाहेबांनी मिळवून दिलेले तेज आता विरून गेले आहे. याविषयीची खंत कवींनी या कवितेत व्यक्त केली आहे.

(९) कवितेतील आवडलेली ओळ: आज पन्नास वर्षांनी अनुभवतोय सूर्यफुले तुझा ध्यास घेतायत बिगूल प्रतीक्षा करतोय चवदार तळ्याचं पाणी, तेही आता थंड झालंय.

(१०) कविता आवडण्याची वा न आवडण्याची कारणे: ही कविता अतिशय चांगली आहे. ओजस्वी शब्दांनी ओतप्रोत भरलेली आहे. कविता वाचत वाचत जाता बाबासाहेबांची महानता स्पष्ट होत जाते. त्यांनी दलित समाजाला दिलेल्या तेजाचा प्रत्यय येतो. शेवटच्या कडव्यात मात्र कलाटणी आहे. शेवटच्या कडव्याच्या आधीच्या कडव्यात प्रखर तेजाचा प्रत्यय येत राहतो. मात्र आता तोच दलित समाज शांत, थंड झाल्याची दु:खद जाणीव व्यक्त होते. ही दुःखद जाणीव शेवटच्या केवळ चार ओळींमध्ये व्यक्त झाली असतानाही आधीच्या जाज्वल्य भक्तीच्या पार्श्वभूमीवर मनाला व्याकूळ करते. हा दु:खभाव हाच या कवितेचा आत्मा आहे.

(११) कवितेतून मिळणारा संदेश: अज्ञान, दारिद्रय, जातीयता यांच्या चिखलात रुतून पडलेल्या समाजाला बाबासाहेबांनी बाहेर काढले. त्याला पृथ्वीच्या पाठीवर सन्मान मिळवून दिला. प्रखर आत्मविश्वास दिला. या लढ्याच्या काळात दलितांनी बाबासाहेबांना पूर्ण साथ दिली. पण आता मात्र दलित समाजामध्ये तेज मावळले आहे. तो थंड झाला आहे. तेव्हा या दलित समाजाने पुन्हा पूर्वीप्रमाणे सर्व ताकदीनिशी उठावे आणि पुन्हा एकदा विषमतेविरुद्ध लढ्याला सिद्ध व्हावे, अशी इच्छा कवी व्यक्त करतात. हाच या कवितेचा संदेश आहे.

रसग्रहण
कृतिपत्रिकेतील प्रश्न २ (इ) साठी…
प्रश्न. पुढील पंक्तींचे रसग्रहण तुमच्या शब्दांत लिहा:

प्रश्न 1.
‘आज पन्नास वर्षांनी अनुभवतोय सूर्यफुले तुझा ध्यास घेतायत बिगूल प्रतीक्षा करतोय चवदार तळ्याचं पाणी, तेही आता थंड झालंय.’ (सराव कृतिपत्रिका-२)
उत्तर:
आशयसौंदर्य: दलितांवरील अन्यायाविरुद्ध डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांनी पुकारलेला लढा हा ‘चवदार तळ्याचा संग्राम’ म्हणून प्रसिद्ध आहे. या लढ्याला पन्नास वर्षे उलटून गेल्यावर ज. वि. पवार यांनी ‘तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक’ या कवितेमध्ये या महामानवाला अभिवादन केले आहे. उपरोक्त ओळीत आताच्या परिस्थितीचे विदारक वर्णन केले आहे.

काव्यसौंदर्य: पन्नास वर्षे झाल्यानंतर चवदार तळ्याच्या संग्रामाचा ऊहापोह करताना व लढा थंड झाल्याची खंत व्यक्त करताना कवी म्हणतात-सुख-समृद्धीचे प्रतीक असणाऱ्या सूर्यफुलांनी भूतकाळात पाठ फिरवली होती, ती सूर्यफुले अजून तुझा ध्यास घेतायत. परिस्थितीत बदल न झाल्यामुळे संघर्षाला प्रवृत्त करणारा बिगूल तुझी वाट बघत आहे. चवदार तळ्याचे पाणी आता थंड पडले आहे. संघर्ष मावळला असला, तरी पुन्हा पेटण्यासाठी पाणी आसुसलेले आहे.

भाषिक वैशिष्ट्ये: ही कविता मुक्तच्छंदात (मुक्तशैली) आहे. त्यामळे भावनांचे व विचारांचे थेट प्रसारण योग्य शब्दांत झाले आहे. सूर्यफुले व बिगूल या प्रतीकांमुळे आशयघनता वाढली आहे. ‘चवदार तळ्याचं पाणी थंड पडणं’ या वाक्यखंडातून आताच्या विदारक परिस्थितीवर मार्मिकपणे बोट ठेवले आहे.

प्रश्न 2.
‘तू झालास परिस्थितीवर स्वार आणि घडविलास नवा इतिहास तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक आणि जागा केलास उभा बहिष्कृत भारत.’
उत्तर:
आशयसौंदर्य: डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांनी शोषित व पीडित जनतेवर होणाऱ्या अन्यायाविरुद्ध लढा उभारला. मूकसमाजाच्या या महानायकाला अभिवादन करताना ज. वि. पवार यांनी ‘तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक’ या कवितेमध्ये त्यांच्या महत्कार्याचा गौरव करताना उपरोक्त ओळी लिहिल्या आहेत.

काव्यसौंदर्य: चवदार तळ्याच्या संग्रामाला पन्नास वर्षे पूर्ण झाल्याच्या पार्श्वभूमीवर डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांच्या कर्तृत्वाची थोरवी गाताना कवी म्हणतात-प्रतिकूल परिस्थितीवर मात करून तुम्ही या वर्णव्यवस्थेने ग्रासलेल्या समाजाला जागृत केलेत. त्यांना नवविचारांची प्रेरणा देऊन नवीन इतिहास घडविला. अन्याय सहन करणाऱ्या जनतेचे तुम्ही महानायक झालात. बहिष्कृत असलेल्या पीडित समाजात नवचैतन्य निर्माण केलेत. त्यांच्यातील आत्मविश्वास जागवलात.

भाषिक वैशिष्ट्ये: मुक्तशैलीमध्ये लिहिलेली ही कविता त्यातील समर्पक शब्दांमुळे अर्थवाहक झाली आहे. ‘मूक समाज’ ‘बहिष्कृत भारत’ या संकल्पनांचा यथोचित वापर केल्यामुळे कविता परिणामकारक झाली आहे. सुयोग्य व ठाशीव शब्दकळा हे या कवितेचे बलस्थान आहे. थेट शब्दकळेमुळे ओज हा गुण दिसून येतो. आशयाला समर्पक अभिव्यक्तीची जोड मिळाल्यामुळे ओळी रसिकांच्या काळजाला भिडतात.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास

(कृतिपत्रिकेतील प्रश्न ४ (अ) आणि (आ) यांसाठी…
व्याकरण घटकांवर आधारित कृतीः

१. समास:
पुढील समासांचे प्रत्येकी एकेक उदाहरण लिहा:
(i) अव्ययीभाव
(ii) विभक्ती तत्पुरुष
(iii) इतरेतर द्वंद्व
(iv) वैकल्पिक द्वंद्व
(v) समाहार वंद्व
(vi) द्विगू
(vii) कर्मधारय.
उत्तर:
(i) बेशक
(ii) भयमुक्त
(iii) आईबाबा
(iv) बरेवाईट
(v) हळदकुंकू
(vi) चौकोन
(vii) नीलपुष्प.

२. अलंकार:
‘व्यतिरेक’ या अलंकाराचे लक्षण सांगून उदाहरण लिहा:
उत्तर:
लक्षणे: उपमेय हे उपमानापेक्षा श्रेष्ठ असते, असे वर्णन केले असेल तर ‘व्यतिरेक’ हा अलंकार होतो.

उदाहरण:
‘तू माउलीहून मयाळ । चंद्राहुनि शीतळ ।
पाणियाहूनि पातळ । कल्लोळ प्रेमाचा ।।

३. वृत्त:
पुढील ओळींचे गण पाहून वृत्त ओळखा:
तुझ्या आसवांचा नभी पावसाळा
जशी सांज होता फुलांनी रडावे
उत्तर:

वृत्त – हे भुजंगप्रयात अक्षरगणवृत्त आहे.

४. शब्दसिद्धी:

प्रश्न 1.
‘गैर’ हा उपसर्ग असलेले चार शब्द लिहा:
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
उत्तर:
[गैरहजर] [गैरसमज] [गैरसोय] [गैरशिस्त]

प्रश्न 2.
‘णारा’ हा प्रत्यय असलेले चार शब्द तयार करा:
उत्तर:
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[बोलणारा] [चालणारा] [लिहिणारा] [हसणारा]

प्रश्न 3.
‘शेजारीपाजारी’ यासारखे चार अभ्यस्त शब्द तयार करा:
उत्तर:
[बारीकसारीक] [उरलासुरला] [अघळपघळ] [आडवातिडवा]

५. सामान्यरूप:

पुढील शब्दांतील सामान्यरूप ओळखा:
(i) सूर्यफुलांनी
(ii) परिस्थितीवर
(iii) युद्धात
(iv) डरकाळीने
(v) वर्षांनी
(vi) ज्ञानाच्या.
उत्तर:
(i) सूर्यफुलांनी – सूर्यफुलां
(ii) परिस्थितीवर – परिस्थिती
(iii) युद्धात – युद्धा
(iv) डरकाळीने – डरकाळी
(v) वर्षांनी – वर्षां
(vi) ज्ञानाच्या – ज्ञाना.

६. वाक्प्रचार:

पुढील अर्थ असलेले वाक्प्रचार निवडा:
(i) वाट पाहणे –
(अ) प्रतीक्षा करणे
(आ) सहन करणे.
उत्तर:
वाट पाहणे – प्रतीक्षा करणे.

(ii) मदत न करणे – …………………………
(अ) अंग धरणे
(आ) पाठ फिरवणे.
उत्तर:
मदत न करणे – पाठ फिरवणे.

(iii) बाहेर ठेवणे – …………………………
(अ) उपकृत करणे
(आ) बहिष्कृत करणे.
उत्तर:
बाहेर ठेवणे – बहिष्कृत करणे.

भाषिक घटकांवर आधारित कृती:

१. शब्दसंपत्ती:

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थी शब्द लिहा:
(i) खळगा= …………………………
(ii) जवान = …………………………
(ii) संघर्ष= …………………………
(iv) फूल = …………………………
उत्तर:
(i) खळगा = खड्डा
(ii) जवान = सैनिक, तरुण
(iii) संघर्ष = लढा
(iv) फूल = पुष्प.

प्रश्न 2.
विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा:
(i) काळोख x …………………………
(ii) चवदार x …………………………
(iii) मूक x …………………………
(iv) थंड x …………………………
उत्तर:
(i) काळोख x उजेड
(ii) चवदार x बेचव
(iii) मूक x बोलका
(iv) थंड x उष्ण, गरम.

प्रश्न 3.
पुढील शब्दांतील अक्षरांपासून चार अर्थपूर्ण शब्द बनवा:
(i) मळवाटेने →
(ii) चवदार →
उत्तर:
(i) मळवाटेने → मळ – वाम – मवाळ – वाटेने
(ii) चवदार → चव – दार – वर – रख

प्रश्न 4.
गटात न बसणारा शब्द लिहा:
(i) पृथ्वी, अवनी, जमीन, वसुंधरा, रसा.
(ii) पाणी, जलद, तोय, उदक, नीर.
उत्तर:
(i) जमीन
(ii) जलद.

२. लेखननियम:
अचूक शब्द लिहा:
(i) ऐतिहासिक/ ऐतिहासीक / एतिहासिक /ऐतीहासिक.
(ii) वैश्विक / वेश्विक / वैश्वीक/वैस्विक.
(iii) माहीती /माहिती/माहिति /माहीति.
(iv) भवतिक / भौतीक / भौतिक / भौवतिक.
(v) वीपरीत / विपरीत / विपरित / वीपरित.
उत्तर:
(i) ऐतिहासिक
(ii) वैश्विक
(iii) माहिती
(iv) भौतिक
(v) विपरीत.

३. विरामचिन्हे:
विरामचिन्हांसमोर नावे लिहा:
[ : ] [ ]
[ ! ] [ ]
[ ; ] [ ]
[ ? ] [ ]
उत्तर:
(i) [ : ] [अपूर्णविराम]
(ii) [ ! ] [उद्गारचिन्ह]
(iii) [ ; ] [अर्धविराम]
(iv) [ ? ] [प्रश्नचिन्ह]

४. पारिभाषिक शब्द:

योग्य पर्याय निवडा:
(i) Correspondence – …………………………
(१) व्यवहार
(२) पत्रवाटप
(३) पत्रव्यवहार
(४) कर्जवाटप
उत्तर:
(३) पत्र्यव्यवहार

(ii) Humanism – …………………………
(१) व्यक्तिवाद
(२) भूतदया
(३) मानवतावाद
(४) सामाजिक
उत्तर:
(३) मानवतावाद

(iii) Journalism – …………………………
(१) वृत्तपत्र
(२) मुखपत्र
(३) पत्रकारिता
(४) प्रसिद्धी माध्यम
उत्तर:
(३) पत्रकारिता

(iv) Lecturer – …………………………
(१) शिक्षक
(२) प्राचार्य
(३) अधिव्याख्याता
(४) व्याख्याता
उत्तर:
(३) अधिव्याख्याता

(v) Pocket Money – …………………………
(१) जमाखर्च
(२) पैसाअडका
(३) हातखर्च
(४) पावती
उत्तर:
(३) हातखर्च

(vi) Qualitative – …………………………
(१) गुणपत्रक
(२) गुणात्मक
(३) प्रसिद्धी
(४) गणसंख्या
उत्तर:
(२) गुणात्मक

५. अकारविल्हे /भाषिक खेळ:
(१) पुढील शब्द अकारविल्हेनुसार लिहा:
(i) रणशिंग → बिगूल → तुतारी → नगारा.
(ii) सूर्यफूल → मोगरा → गुलाब → चाफा.
उत्तर:
(i) तुतारी → नगारा → बिगूल → रणशिंग.
(ii) चाफा → गुलाब → मोगरा → सूर्यफूल.

(२) शब्द बनवा:

उत्तर:

तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक Summary in Marathi

तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक कवितेचा भावार्थ

वर्णव्यवस्थेला क्रूर दुष्ट चक्रात खितपत पडलेल्या शोषित व पीडित जनतेमध्ये जागृती आणण्यासाठी व त्यांच्यामध्ये आत्मविश्वास जागवण्यासाठी डॉ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकर यांनी महाड येथे चवदार तळ्याचा संग्राम केला. या घटनेला पन्नास वर्षे पूर्ण झाल्याच्या निमित्ताने या महानायकाला कवींनी कवितेतून अभिवादन केले आहे. कवी म्हणतात –

हे महानायका, तू या शोषित वर्गासाठी लढा उभारायला निघालास तेव्हा काळोखाचे साम्राज्य होते. दु:ख, दैन्य, दारिद्रय व सामाजिक असमता यांच्या अंधाराने शोषित वर्ग ग्रासलेला होता. सतेज किरणांनी न्हायलेल्या उमेदीच्या सुखाच्या सूर्यफुलांनी साथ दिली नाही. तू एकाकी होतास, तरी डगमगला नाहीस. तू बुरसटलेल्या विचारांच्या पारंपरिक वाटेने जायचे नाकारलेस. नवविचारांचा, जागृतीचा मार्ग खाचखळग्यांनी भरलेला अतिशय खडतर होता. खड्ड्यांनी म्हणजे अनेक अडचणींनी तुझे स्वागत केले.

अशा या प्रतिकूल परिस्थितीची तू तमा बाळगली नाहीस. त्यावरही तू मात केलीस आणि नवविचारांच्या प्रेरणांचा नवीन इतिहास तू घडवलास, आतापर्यंत वर्णव्यवस्थेने नाकारलेल्या, अन्याय सहन करणाऱ्या सर्वहारा जनतेचा तू नायक झालास आणि दुर्लक्षित असलेल्या, बहिष्कृत असलेल्या भारतीय समाजात तू जागृती आणलीस. नवचैतन्य आणलेस, त्यांच्यात आत्मविश्वास जागा केलास.

तुझ्या अपरिमित, प्रचंड ज्ञानाच्या सामर्थ्याने तू संग्रामाचे रणशिंग फुकलेस, अन्यायाविरुद्ध बंड करण्यास सज्ज झालास. आतापर्यंत गुलामगिरीत खितपत पडणाऱ्या बांधवांच्या पायातल्या दास्याच्या साखळ्या तू तोडून टाकल्यास आणि एखादया युद्धात सैनिकांना सज्ज करावे, तसे चवदार तळ्याच्या संग्रामासाठी सर्व दलित बांधवांना तळ्याच्या काठी उभे केलेस.

सर्व महाकाव्यांनी तुझ्या चरणाशी नतमस्तक व्हावे, असे तुझे संघर्षमय शब्द होते. हातातील सर्व काठ्या बंदुका होऊन बरसाव्यात, असा तुझा अनोखा संघर्ष होता. तुझ्या बुलंद घोषणेमुळे आकाश हादरून गेले नि पृथ्वी डळमळू लागली आणि बघता बघता चवदार तळ्याच्या पाण्याला आग लागली म्हणजेच संघर्ष पेटला.

या चवदार तळ्याच्या संग्रामाला आता पन्नास वर्षे उलटून गेली. कवी म्हणतात – पन्नास वर्षांनी तो संघर्ष पुन्हा मी अनुभवू पाहतो. अजूनही ज्या सूर्यफुलांनी भूतकाळात पाठ फिरवली होती, ती सूर्यफुले अजून तुझा ध्यास घेत आहेत. पुन्हा संघर्ष करण्यासाठी संघर्षाला प्रवृत्त करणारे बिगूल तुझी वाट बघत आहे. चवदार तळ्याचे पाणी आता थंड पडले आहे. संघर्ष मावळला आहे. (पण चवदार तळ्याचे पाणी आजही पुन्हा पेटण्यासाठी आसुसलेले आहे. शोषितांची परिस्थिती फारशी चांगली नाही.)

तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक शब्दार्थ

• मूक – अबोल,
• नायक – नेते, कप्तान, अग्रणी, प्रणेता.
• खाचखळगे – खड्डे.
• स्वार – आरूढ.
• बहिष्कृत – बाहेर टाकलेला, परित्यक्त.
• अगाध – प्रचंड.
• बळ – शक्ती, सामर्थ्य.
• बेड्या – साखळ्या.
• जवान – सैनिक.
• संघर्ष – लढा, झुंज.
• संगिनी – बंदुका,
• डरकाळी – वाघाची आरोळी.
• हादरणे – थरथरणे.
• डचमळली – डळमळीत झाली.
• प्रतीक्षा – वाट पाहणे.

तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक वाक्प्रचार व त्यांचे अर्थ

• पाठ फिरवणे : मदत न करणे, वंचित ठेवणे.
• स्वागत करणे : मानाने, आदराने एखादया व्यक्तीला या म्हणणे.
• परिस्थितीवर स्वार होणे : परिस्थितीवर मात करणे,
• बहिष्कृत करणे : बाहेर ठेवणे, वंचित करणे.
• रणशिंग फुकणे : युद्ध सुरू होण्याचा इशारा देणे.
• बेड्या तोडणे : स्वतंत्र होणे,
• गळून पडणे : निखळून पडणे.
• ध्यास घेणे : एखाद्या गोष्टीची ओढ वाटणे.
• प्रतीक्षा करणे : वाट पाहणे.

Marathi Kumarbharti Std 10 Guide 

• आकाशी झेप घे रे Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• सोनाली Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• निर्णय Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• तू झालास मूक समाजाचा नायक Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• सर्व विश्वचि व्हावे सुखी Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions
• व्युत्पत्ती कोश Class 10 Marathi Textbook Solutions