Category: Class 10

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 6 Animal Classification Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 6 Animal Classification

Question 1.
a. I am diploblastic and acoelomate. Which phylum do I belong to ?
Answer:
I am from phylum Cnidaria or Coelenterata.

b. My body is radially symmetrical. Water vascular system is present in my body. I am referred as fish though I am not. What is my name?
Answer:
Starfish. I am from Echinodermata phylum.

c. I live in your small intestine. Pseudocoelom is present in my thread like body. In which phylum will you include me?
Answer:
I am Ascaris. I am included in Aschelminthes.

d. Though I am multicellular, there are no tissues in my body. What is the name of my phylum?
Answer:
Sponge, Porifera.

Question 2.
Write the characters of each of the following animals with the help of classification chart:
a. Bath sponge.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Sub-kingdom: Non-chordata
Phylum: Porifera
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Cellular grade organization.
• Asymmetrical body
• Acoelomate

Bath sponge is a marine animal. Blackish in colour and round in shape having porous body. It has spongin fibres and spicules which serve as skeleton. Bath sponges have good water-holding capacity. It is sedentary animal which is fixed to some substratum in the aquatic environment. Reproduction is by budding. It also has a good regeneration capacity.

b. Grasshopper.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Sub-kingdom: Non-chordata
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Organ-system grade organization
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Triploblastic and Eucoelomate.

Grasshopper is an insect included under class insecta of phylum arthropoda because it has jointed appendages. There are three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings. It is a terrestrial insect which is well adapted to the surrounding environment by showing camouflage. It has chitinous exoskeleton. The respiration by tracheae.

c. Rohu.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Pisces
Subclass: Teleostei (Bony fish)
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Organ-system grade organization
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Triploblastic and Eucoelomate.

Rohu is a fresh water bony fish. It is a chordate having a vertebral column, hence included under subphylum vertebrata. The body is well adapted for aquatic mode of life. The shape of the body is streamlined. The exoskeleton is of scales. The gills Eire present which are used for respiration. The endoskeleton is of bones, hence called bony fish. There are paired fins and a impaired caudal fin which is used in steering and changing the direction during swimming.

d. Penguin.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Organ-system grade organization
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Triploblastic and Eucoelomate.

Penguin is a flightless bird inhabitant of cold snow-clad regions. It has exoskeleton of feathers. The body is well adapted to survive in cold regions.

It is a warm-blooded bird. The forelimbs are modified into wings. But due. to excessive body weight, the penguins are not seen flying. It can wade in the water with modified hind limbs.

e. Frog.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Organ-system grade organization
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Triploblastic and Eucoelomate.

The frog is a true amphibian that can live in water as well as on land. When on land it respires with the help of lungs while in water it uses its skin for breathing. It does not have exoskeleton. The skin is soft, slimy and moist. It is suitably coloured and hence the frog can camouflage in the surroundings. Body is divisible into head and trunk. Two pairs of limbs are seen. The forelimbs are short and used for support during locomotion. The hind limbs are long and strong, used for jumping when on land and for swimming when in water.

The eyes are large and protruding. Since the neck is absent, such eyes help in looking around. The tympanum is present.

f. Lizard.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Organ-system grade organization
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Triploblastic and Eucoelomate.

The lizard is a cold-blooded reptile. The limbs are weak and do not support the body weight, hence lizard is seen creeping. But the feet are provided with pads and suckers due to which lizards are well- adapted to climb on the vertical walls. The exoskeleton has fine scales. The body is divisible into head, neck and trunk. The capacity to regenerate is developed in lizards, hence it can produce the lost tail or limbs. The mode of reproduction is egg laying. It feeds on insects with the help of long and sticky tongue.

g. Elephant.
f. Lizard.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Organ-system grade organization
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Triploblastic and Eucoelomate.

Elephant is the terrestrial, herbivorous mammal adapted to survive in hot and humid tropical forests.
It is a mammal and hence shows viviparity and milk secretion. The body is divisible into head, neck, trunk, and tail. The proboscis is a characteristic feature of the elephant which is actually modified nose.

h. Jellyfish.
Answer:
Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Sub-kingdom: Non-chordata
Phylum: Cnidaria or Coelenterata
Characters:

• Multicellular organisms without cell wall
• Tissue grade organization
• Radially symmetrical
• Diploplastic and Acoelomate

Jellyfish or Aurelia is a coelenterate. Its body is medusa. It appears as a transparent balloon seen floating in the marine waters. Since it has appearance like a jelly, it is known commonly as jellyfish. There are tentacles provided with cnidoblasts or stinging cells. Tentacles are used for catching the prey. Cnidoblasts are used to secrete a toxin which paralyses the prey.

Question 3.
Write in brief about progressive changes in animal classification.
Answer:
There were different methods of classification of animals.

1. The first classification method was given by the Greek philosopher Aristotle. He took into account the criteria like body size, habits and habitats of the animals. This method was called artificial method of classification.
2. The same artificial method was used by other scientists such as Theophrastus, Pliny, John Ray, Linnaeus, etc.
3. Further due to advances in science the references were changed and there were some new methods of classification proposed.
4. The system of classification called ‘Natural system of classification’ was then proposed. This system of classification was based on criteria such as body organization, types of cells, chromosomes, bio-chemical properties, etc.
5. Later, Dobzhansky and Meyer gave the system of classification based on evolution.
6. In 1977, Carl Woese has also proposed the three domain system of animal classification.

Question 4.
What is the exact difference between grades of organization and symmetry? Explain with examples.
Answer:
I. Grades of organization:
(1) The grades of organization mean the way an organism has different body formation.
(2) Unicellular organisms like amoeba have a single cell in the body and hence the organization in its body is called protoplasmic grade of organization.
(3) Some organisms have only cells in their body which is called cellular grade of organization, e.g. Poriferans.
(4) Some have tissues e.g. Coelenterates. They are said to have tissue grade organization. Some have organs, they are said to have organization-organ grade, e.g. Platyhelminthes. All other higher animals have organ-system grade organization.

II. Symmetry:
(1) Symmetry on the other hand shows the base of the body formation.
(2) The symmetry can be understood by taking an imaginary cut through the animal body.
(3) Based on the symmetry there can be three types.
(4) In asymmetric animals, there is no symmetry in any plane, e.g. Amoeba.
(5) The bilateral symmetry is the one in which an imaginary axis can pass through only one median plane to divide the body into two equal halves. Most of the animals have bilateral symmetry and hence their organs are arranged in symmetric way on both the sides.
(6) The imaginary cut passing through the central axis but any plane of body aan -give more than one equal half. The organs of such animals are arranged in a radius of an imaginary circle, e.g. Cnidarians and some echinoderms.
Both grades of organization and symmetry are the bases for classifying animals into different phyla.

Question 5.
Answer in brief.
a. Give scientific classification of shark upto class.
Answer:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Pisces
Subclass: Elasmobranchii (Cartilaginous)
Example: Scientific name: Scoliodon sorrakowah.
Common name: Shark

b. Write four distinguishing characters of phylum – Echinodermata.
Answer:
Distinguishing characters of Echinodermata:

1. Marine organisms with skeleton made up of calcareous spines. Calcareous material on the body hence the name is Echiodermata. Some are sedentary while some are free swimming.
2. Body is triploblastic, eucoelomate and radially symmetrical when adult. The larvae are bilateral symmetrical.
3. Locomotion with the help of tube-feet which are also used for capturing the prey.
4. Echinoderms have regeneration capability. Hence they can restore their lost parts.
5. Most of them are unisexual.
6. Examples; Starfish, sea-urchin, brittle star, sea cucumber, etc.

c. Distinguish between butterfly and bat with the help of four distinguish properties.
Answer:
Butterfly:

1. Butterfly is classified as Non-chordate.
2. It is included in class Insecta of phylum Arthropoda.
3. Butterfly has three pairs of legs and two pairs of chitinous wings.
4. Butterfly is a diurnal (active during day) insect.
5. Butterfly lays eggs which hatch into larva. Larva develops into pupa and pupa metamorphoses into an adult.

Bat:

1. Bat is classified as a Chordate.
2. It is included in class Mammalia of subphylum Vertebrata.
3. Bat has one pair of legs and a pair of patagium which are used for flying. Patagium has bones.
4. Bat is a nocturnal (active at night) mammal.
5. Bat is a viviparous animal that gives birth to live young ones. Young ones are fed by milk secreted by mammary glands.

d. To which phylum does Cockroach belong? Justify your answer with scientific reasons.
Answer:
(1) Cockroach belongs to the phylum Arthropoda and class Insecta.
(2) Scientific reasons for placement of Cockroach in the phylum Arthropoda:

• The body is covered by chitinous exoskeleton.
• Jointed appendages present, three pairs of walking legs and two pairs of membranous wings.
• Body is eucoelomate, triploblastic, bilaterally segmented and segmented.
• Respiration by spiracles and tracheal tubes.

Question 6.
Give scientific reasons.
a. Though tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it cannot be included in class-Amphibia.
Answer:

• When tortoise lives on the land, it respires with the help of lungs.
• When in water, it puts out its nares (nasal openings) out of the water and breathes air.
• It cannot take up oxygen dissolved in water. In both the habitats it respires with the help of lungs. In case of true amphibians, this is not the case.
• They can breathe in water with the help of skin and on land with the help of lungs.
• Tortoise also has exo-skeleton which is lacking in Amphibia. Therefore, tortoise cannot be included in class Amphibia.

b. Our body irritates if it comes in contact with jellyfish.
Answer:

• Jellyfish is a coelenterate that has cnidoblasts bearing tentacles.
• These cnidoblasts inject toxins to paralyse the prey at the time of feeding.
• When jellyfish comes in contact with our body, this toxin is released causing reaction to our skin.
• Therefore, our body gets irritation when we come in contact with jellyfish.

c. All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
Answer:

• All chordates possess notochord in some period of their development.
• All vertebrates also have notochord during embryonic life, which is later replaced by vertebral column.
• Therefore all vertebrates are chordates.
• But some chrodate’s like Urochordata and cephalochordata do not possess vertebral column and hence they are not vertebrates.

d. Balanoglossus is connecting link between non-chordates and chordates.
Answer:

• Balanoglossus shows some characters of non-chordates.
• It also has notochord as in case of chordates.
• Since it shares the characters of non-chordates and chordates, from the view point of evolution, it is called connecting link between them.

e. Body temperature of reptiles is not constant. (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)
Answer:

1. Reptiles are cold-blooded animals.
2. The thermoregulatory system is not there in their bodies.
3. Their body temperatures, fluctuate as per the environmental temperatures.
4. Therefore, the body temperature is not maintained at constant level in reptiles.

Question 7.
Answer the following questions by choosing correct option.
a. Which special cells are present in the body of sponges (Porifera)?
1. Collar cells
2. Cnidoblasts
3. Germ cells
4. Ectodermal cells
Answer:
1. Collar cells
Explanation: Porifera animals are attached to the substratum. They do not show locomotion. For gathering and catching the food, they need to produce a current in the water. For this purpose, they have characteristic collar cells in their body. Germ cells and ectodermal cells are seen in all other phyla. Cnidoblasts are characteristic feature of coelenterates.

b. Which of the following animals’ body shows bilateral symmetry?
1. Starfish
2. Jellyfish
3. Earthworm
4. Sponge
Answer:
3. Earthworm
Explanation: When an imaginary plane passing through only one axis can divide the body into two equal halves, then it is called bilateral symmetry. Such symmetry is shown only by earthworm. Sponge body is asymmetrical while starfish and jellyfish are radially symmetrical.

c. Which of the following animals can regenerate it’s broken body part?
1. Cockroach
2. Frog
3. Sparrow
4. Starfish
Answer:
4. Starfish
Explanation: Cockroach, sparrow and frog cannot perform regeneration. Only echinoderms show power of regeneration. So only starfish can regenerate its broken part.

d. Bat is included in which class?
1. Amphibia
2. Reptilia
3. Aves
4. Mammalia
Answer:
4. Mammalia
Explanation: Bat gives birth to young ones and they also possess mammary glands. Amphibia, Reptilia and Aves do not show such features. Therefore, bat is included in Mammalia.

Question 8.

Body cavity	Germ Layer	Phylum
Absent	_____________	Porifera
Absent	Triploblastic	_____________
Pseudocoelom	_____________	Aschelminthes
Present	_____________	Arthropoda

Answer:

Body cavity	Germ Layer	Phylum
Absent	Diploblastic	Porifera
Absent	Triploblastic	Platyhelminthes
Pseudocoelom	Triploblastic	Aschelminthes
Present	Triploblastic	Arthropoda

Question 9.

Type	Character	Examples
Cyclostomata	……………	……………
……………	Gill respiration	……………
Amphibia	……………	……………
……………	……………	Whale, Cat, Man
……………	Poikilotherms	……………

Answer:

Type	Character	Examples
Cyclostomata	Jawless mouth with suckers	Petromyzon, Myxine
Pisces	Gill respiration	Pomfret, Sea horse, Shark
Amphibia	Moist skin without exoskeleton	Frog, Toad, Salamander
Mammalia	Mammary glands	Whale, Cat, Man
Reptilia	Poikilotherms	Tortoise, Lizard, Snake

Question 10.
Sketch, labell and classify.
1. Hydra.
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Coelenterata
Example: Hydra

2. Jellyfish
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Coelenterata
Example: Jellyfish

3. Planaria
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Example: Planaria

4. Roundworm
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-Chordata
Phylum: Aschelminthes
Example: Ascaris (Roundworm)

5. Butterfly
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Arthopoda
Class: Insecta
Example: Butterfly

6. Earthworm
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Annelida
Example: Earthworm

7. Octopus
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Mollusca
Example: Octopus

8. star fish
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Echinodermata
Example: Star fish

9. Shark
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Pisces
Example: Scoliodon (Shark)

10. Frog
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Amphibia
Example: Frog

11. Wall Lizard
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Reptilia
Example: Wall Lizard

12. Pigeon.
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub-Phylum: Vertebrata
Class: Aves
Example: Pigeon

Question 11.

Answer:
(1) Jellyfish
(2) Nereis
(3) Flatworm/Planaria
(4) Bony fish.

Project: (Do it your self)

1. In each week, on a specific day of your convenience, observe the animals present around your school and residence. Perform this activity for six months. Keep date-wise record of your observations. After the observation period of six months, analyse your observations with respect to seasons. With the help of your teacher, classify the reported animals.

Can you recall? (Text Book Page No. 61)

Question 1.
Which criteria are used for classification of organisms?
Answer:
The living organisms are classified according to their basic characteristics, such as presence or absence of nucleus, unicellular body or multicellular body, presence or absence of cell wall and the mode of nutrition in them.

Question 2.
How are the plants classified?
Answer:
The plants are classified according to the following basis:

1. Presence or absence of the organs.
2. Presence or absence of separate

Use your brain power: (Text Book Page No. 74)

(A) Animals like gharial and crocodile live in water as well as on land. Are they amphibians or reptiles?
Answer:
Ghariyal and crocodile are reptiles. They can swim in water and crawl on land. But they can respire only with the help of lungs. Their breathing is through nostrils. Even when in water, they have to inhale and exhale by coming up to the surface of water for air. Amphibians can breathe through the skin when in water and by lungs when on land. They also have hard exoskeleton which amphibians do not have. Hence, ghariyal and crocodile are not amphibians, but they are reptiles.

(B) Animals like whale, walrus live in water (ocean). Are they included in Pisces or Mammalia?
Answer:
Whale and walrus are aquatic and marine mammals. They do not belong to class Pisces. They do not have gills to breathe in dissolved oxygen in water. Neither they have scales on the body nor can they lay eggs. Whales and walrus have mammary glands like all other mammals. They give birth to live young one. They breathe only with the help of lungs by putting their nostrils out of the water at surface. Hence they are included in Mammalia.

Choose the correct alternative and write its alphabet against the sub-question number:

Question 1.
System of classification based on evolution was brought into practice by ……….. and …………
(a) Darwin, Mendel
(b) Lamarck, De Vries
(c) Morgan, Mayor
(d) Dobzansky, Meyer
Answer:
(d) Dobzansky, Meyer

Question 2.
Artificial method of animal classification was proposed by ………….
(a) Aristotle
(b) Darwin
(c) Lamarck
(d) Whittaker
Answer:
(a) Aristotle

Question 3.
Animals attached to substratum are called ……….. animals.
(a) sessile
(b) sedentary
(c) lame
(d) motionless
Answer:
(b) sedentary

Question 4.
In coelenterates, ………… are useful for capturing the prey whereas ………. inject the toxin in the body of prey.
(a) tentacles, cnidoblast
(b) hands, legs
(c) flagella, sting
(d) cilia, sting cells
Answer:
(a) tentacles, cnidoblast

Question 5.
Body of annelidan animals is long, cylindrical and …………. segmented.
(a) annular
(b) metamerically
(c) jointed
(d) cuticular
Answer:
(b) metamerically

Question 6.
…………. is second largest phylum in animal kingdom.
(a) Mollusca
(b) Arthropoda
(c) Porifera
(d) Platyhelminthes
Answer:
(a) Mollusca

Question 7.
Endoskeleton of Cyclostomata animals is …………..
(a) bony
(b) bony and cartilaginous
(c) cartilaginous
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(c) cartilaginous

Question 8.
Body cavity between the body and internal organs is called ………….
(a) gastrocoel
(b) enteron
(c) coelom
(d) cave
Answer:
(c) coelom

Question 9.
Larvae of ……….. metamorphose into adults after settling down at bottom of the sea.
(a) Hemichdrdata
(b) Urochordata
(c) Cephalochordata
(d) Cyclostomata
Answer:
(b) Urochordata

Question 10.
The body organization of unicellular organisms is of …………. grade.
(a) cellular
(b) tissue
(c) protoplasmic
(d) organ
Answer:
(c) protoplasmic

Question 11.
………….. is a cold blooded animal. (March 2019)
(a) Bat
(b) Snake
(c) Rabbit
(d) Elephant
Answer:
(b) Snake

Question 12.
Calcareous spines are present on the body of ………… animal. (July 2019)
(a) fish
(b) snail
(c) sponge
(d) starfish
Answer:
(d) starfish

Question 13.
Due to which similar characteristic honey bee and cockroach are included in the same phylum?
(a) Wings
(b) Three pair of legs
(c) Jointed appendages
(d) Antenna
Answer:
(c) Jointed appendages

Write whether the following statements are true or false with proper explanation:

Question 1.
Greek philosopher Linnaeus was the first to perform the animal classification.
Answer:
False. (Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to perform the animal classification.)

Question 2.
Heart if present in the non-chordates is on dorsal side of body.
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
Arthropoda animals bear numerous pores on their body.
Answer:
False. (Porifera animals bear numerous pores on their body.)

Question 4.
Porifera animals have special type of collar cells.
Answer:
True.

Question 5.
Aschelminthes have acoelomate and bilaterally symmetrical body.
Answer:
False. (Platyhelminthes have acoelomate and bilaterally symmetrical body. OR Aschelminthes have pseudocoelomate and bilaterally symmetrical body.

Question 6.
Planet Earth has highest number of animals from phylum Arthropoda.
Answer:
True.

Question 7.
Animals belonging to phylum Annelida perform locomotion with the help of tube-feet.
Answer:
False. (Animals belonging to phylum Echinodermata perform locomotion with the help of tube-feet.)

Question 8.
Herdmania has notochord in only tail region and hence it is called Urochordate.
Answer:
True.

Question 9.
Mammals breathe with the help of lungs.
Answer:
True.

Question 10.
Amphibians are warm blooded.
Answer:
False. (Amphibians are cold-blooded. OR Mammals are warm blooded.)

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Phylum	Characteristics
(1) Mollusca	(a) Collar cells
(2) Hemichordata	(b) Mantle
	(c) Trunk
	(d) Cnidoblasts

Answer:
(1) Mollusca – Mantle
(2) Hemichordata – Trunk.

Question 2.

Phylum	Characteristics
(1) Porifera	(a) Tunic
(2) Coelenterata	(b) Collar cells
	(c) Tentacles bearing cnidoblasts
	(d) Mantle

Answer:
(1) Porifera – Collar cells
(2) Coelenterata – Tentacles bearing cnidoblasts.

Question 3.

Subphylum/Class	Characteristics
(1) Cyclostomata	(a) Collar cells
(2) Urochordat	(b) Sucker
	(c) Tunic
	(d) Chitinous exoskeleton

Answer:
(1) Cyclostomata – Sucker
(2) Urochordata – Tunic.

Find the odd one out:

Question 1.
Physalia, Hyalonema, Ruplectella, Spongilla
Answer:
Physalia. (Physalia belongs to Coelenterata, all the remaining are poriferans.)

Question 2.
Planaria, Liverfluke, Filarial worm, Tapeworm
Answer:
Filarial worm. (Filarial worm is Aschelminthes remaining are Platyhelminthes.)

Question 3.
Star fish, Sea-urchin, Nereis, Sea-cucumber
Answer:
Nereis. (Nereis belongs to Annelida all the remaining are Echinoderm animals.)

Question 4.
Cockroach, Butterfly, Spider, Honey bee
Answer:
Spider. (Spider is eight-legged Arachnid, remaining are insects.)

Question 5.
Amphioxus, Herdmania, Doliolum,Oikopleura
Answer:
Amphioxus. (Amphioxus is Cepholochordate all the remaining are Urochordates.)

Question 6.
Frog, Tortoise, Toad, Salamander
Answer:
Tortoise. (Tortoise is a reptile, the remaining are amphibians.)

Question 7.
Tube feet, Setae, Parapodia, Sucker
Answer:
Tube feet. (Tube feet are locomotory organs of Echinoderms, the remaining are locomotory organs of Annelids.)

Question 8.
Shark, Sting ray, Electric ray, Pomfret
Answer:
Pomfret. (Pomfret is a bony fish, all the remaining are cartilaginous fish.)

Find the correlation:

Question 1.
Annelida : Earthworm : : Platyhelminthes : …………
Answer:
Annelida : Earthworm : : Platyhelminthes : Planaria/Liverfluke

Question 2.
Horse : Mammal : : Seahorse : ………….
Answer:
Horse : Mammal : : Seahorse : Pisces

Question 3.
Parapodia : Annelida : : Tube feet : ………..
Answer:
Parapodia : Annelida : : Tube feet : Echinodermata

Question 4.
Frog : Amphibia : : Turtle : …………..
Answer:
Frog : Amphibia : : Turtle : Reptilia

Question 5.
Proboscis : Hemichordata : : Suctorial mouth : …………
Answer:
Proboscis : Hemichordata : : Suctorial mouth : Cyclostomata

Question 6.
Bird from very cold regions : Penguin : : Aquatic Mammal from very cold regions : ………..
Answer:
Bird from very cold regions : Penguin : : Aquatic Mammal from very cold regions : Whale.

Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Non-chordates and Chordates.
Answer:
Non-chordates

1. Non-chordates are less evolved animals and are on the lower levels of evolution.
2. Non-chordates do not have notochord.
3. In non-chordates, there are no pharyngeal gill slits.
4. Nerve cord, if present is double and solid.
5. Nerve cord is located on the ventral side of the body.
6. Heart if present is on the dorsal side of the body.

Chordates:

1. Chordates are more evolved animals and are on the higher levels of evolution.
2. Chordates have notochord at least in some stage of development.
3. In chordates, there are pharyngeal gill slits.
4. Nerve cord is single and hollow.
5. Nerve cord is located on the dorsal side of the body.
6. Heart if present is on the ventral side of the body.

Question 2.
Phylum Platyhelminthes and Phylum Aschelminthes. OR Write any two points of differences between flat worms and round worms.
Answer:
Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flat worms):

1. Platyhelminth worms have slender and flat leaf or strip like body hence called flat worms.
2. Platyhelminthes are triploblastic and acoelomate.
3. Most of them are hermaphrodite or bisexual having both male and female reproductive systems in the same body.
4. Examples: Planaria, Liver fluke, Tapeworm, etc.

Phylum Aschelminthes (Round worms):

1. Aschelminthes have long thread-like or Cylindrical body, hence called round worms.
2. Aschelminthes are triploblastic and pseudocoelomate.
3. They are unisexual with male and female sexes separate. There is sexual dimorphism.
4. Examples: Ascaris (Intestinal worm), Filarial worm, Loa loa (Eye worm), etc.

Question 3.
Urochordata and Cephalochordata.
Answer:
Urochordata:

1. Urochordates have notochord in the tail region of the adult body.
2. These animals look like small sacs.
3. Usually urochordates are hermaphrodites.
4. Body of urochordate is covered over by skin-like test or tunic.
5. Examples: Herdmania, Doliolum, Oikopleura, etc.

Cephalochordata:

1. Cephalochrodates have notochord in the entire length of the body.
2. These animals look like small fish.
3. Cephalochordates are unisexual.
4. Body of cephalochordate is not covered in a test.
5. Example: Amphioxus.

Question 4.
Cyclostomata and Pisces.
Answer:
Cyclostomata:

1. Cyclostomata are the poorly evolved first class of vertebrate animals.
2. Cyclostomata have circular jawless mouth with suckers.
3. Paired appendages are absent in cyclostomates.
4. Cyclostomes have soft skin which is without any scales.
5. Endoskeleton is cartilaginous.
6. Examples: Petromyzon, Myxine, etc.

Pisces:

1. Pisces are the better evolved class of vertebrates which is well adapted for aquatic living.
2. Pisces have mouth with upper and lower jaws. Teeth are present in the mouth.
3. Paired and unpaired fins present in all kinds of fishes.
4. Fishes have different types of scales on the body.
5. Endoskeleton may be cartilaginous, or it may be bony.
6. Examples: Shark (Scoliodoh), rays which are cartilaginous fishes and pomfret, makerel, sardines, rohu which are bony fishes.

Question 5.
Amphibia and Reptilia.
Answer:
Amphibia:

1. Amphibians can inhabit both land and water. They can survive on both environments by breathing there.
2. The exoskeleton is absent in amphibians. The skin is soft, slimy and moist.
3. Body is divided into head and trunk. Neck is absent.
4. The digits do not have claws.
5. The respiration is by skin when in water and by lungs when on land. The larvae breathe by gills.
6. There is external fertilization at the time of sexual reproduction.
7. The developmental stages are eggs and tadpole. Metamorphosis is seen in amphibians.
8. Examples : Frog, Toad, Salamander, etc.

Reptilia:

1. Reptilians are terrestrial animals. Though turtle and sea snakes can stay in water, they cannot breathe in water.
2. The exoskeleton in the form of scales. Some animals have plates or scutes (e.g. tortoise and crocodile).
3. Body is divided into head, neck and trunk.
4. The digits have claws.
5. The respiration is only by lungs.
6. There is internal fertilization at the time of sexual reproduction.
7. The developmental stages are eggs and juvenile. Metamorphosis is not seen in reptiles.
8. Examples : Tortoise, Lizard, Snake, etc.

Question 6.
Aves and Mammalia.
Answer:
Aves:

1. Aves are totally adapted for the aerial mode of life.
2. Body is spindle shaped. Body is divisible into head, neck and trunk. There are two pairs of limbs. The forelimbs are modified to form wings for flight.
3. Digits have scales and claws.
4. The exoskeleton is in the form of feathers.
5. Jaws are modified into a beak.
6. Birds are oviparous. The eggs hatch into nestlings.
7. The incubation of eggs and feeding of nestlings is done by both parents.
8. Examples: Crow, Sparrow, Peacock, Parrot, Pigeon, Duck, Penguin, etc.

Mammalia:

1. Mammals are adapted for terrestrial life.
2. Body is not spindle shaped. It is divisible into head, neck, trunk and tail. There are two pairs of limbs. They are adapted for walking or running on the ground.
3. Digits have nails or hoofs. Few have claws.
4. The exoskeleton is in the form of fur, hair, wool, etc.
5. Jaws have teeth and they surround the mouth.
6. Mammals are viviparous. They give birth to live young ones. (Exception: Platypus)
7. Parental care is shown only by mother, who feeds, the babies with milk from mammary glands.
8. Examples: Cat, Dog, Tiger, Lion, Elephant, Human, Kangaroo, Dolphin, Bat, etc.

Classification-based questions:

Question 1.
Identify me:
(1) I am metamerically segmented, blood sucking, ectoparasite. I have suckers. Who am I and to what phylum do I belong to? (OR) Who am I? (July 2019)
I have suckers. I am blood sucking.
Answer:
Leech, Phylum Annelida.

(2) I have chitinous exoskeleton, I have four pairs of walking appendages. I can sting you. Who am I? What phylum do I belong to?
Answer:
Scorpion. Phylum Arthropoda.

Question 2.
Characters of a phylum are given below. Read them carefully and answer the questions:
(a) Spines of calcium carbonate are present on the body, (b) These animals are exclusively marine, (c) They perform the locomotion with the help of tube feet, (d) Their skeleton is made up of calcareous plates or spicules.
(i) Animals of which phylum show the above character?
Answer:
Animals belonging to phylum Echinodermata show the above characters.

(ii) Give an example from that phylum.
Answer:
Starfish, brittlestar, sea urchin.

(iii) These animals can be classified with the help of which criteria of new system of animals classification.
Answer:
Animals are classified on the basis of criteria such as body organization, body symmetry, body cavity, etc.

Question 3.
Identify my class/phylum and give one example of it: (March 2019)
(a) I have mammary glands and exoskeleton in the form of hair.
(b) We form the highest number of animals on the planet. We have bilateral symmetry and our exoskeleton is in the form of chitin.
(c) I live in your small intestine, my body is long and thread like and pseudocoelomate.
Answer:
(a) Class: Mammalia, Example: Cat, Dog, Man.
(b) Phylum: Arthropoda, Example: Prawn, Crab.
(c) Phylum: Aschelminthes, Example: Ascaris or round worm, Filarial worm.

Question 4.
Tell me who am I? What is my class/ phylum?
1. My body is divided into proboscis, collar and trunk. I am marine animal.
Answer:
Balanoglossus; Phylum: Hemichordata.

2. I stay inside two shells. My body is divided into head, foot and visceral mass.
Answer:
Bivalve or Oyster; Phylum: Mollusca.

3. I am male as well as female. I am endoparasite having a coelomate and bilaterally symmetrical and flattened body.
Answer:
Liver fluke or tape worm; Phylum: Platyhelminthes.

4. I am sedentary marine animal drinking water all the time through numerous pores on the body.
Answer:
Sponge; Phylum: Porifera.

5. I am venomous, eight legged creature having chitinous exoskeleton.
Answer:
Scorpion; Phylum: Arthropoda.

6. My body is covered by tunic. As a larva I swim but as an adult I settle down.
Answer:
Doliolum or Salpa; Phylum: Chordata subphylum : Urochordata.

Question 5.
Identify the class of given animals and write one characteristic of each animal:
(1) Kangaroq (2) Penguin (3) Crocodile (4) Frog (5) Sea-horse. (July 2019)
Answer:
(1) Kangaroo: Class Mammalia. It is a marsupial animal with pouch for development of offspring. Long hind limbs for jumping.
(2) Penguin: Class Aves. It is flightless bird. Body covered with thick feathery coat. Oviparous mode.
(3) Crocodile: Class Reptilia. It is a large animal seen near water bodies. Can swim in water but cannot respire in water. Body covered with exoskeleton of scaly plates. Limbs very weak in comparison with huge bodies.
(4) Frog: Class Amphibia. Shows aquatic as well as terrestrial mode. Can breathe with lungs and skin. No exoskeleton and skin is slimy.
(5) Sea-horse: Class Pisces. Bony fish. Highly modified body structure showing brood pouch for development of offspring gills for respiration, fins for swimming.

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
State any four benefits of animal classification. (March 2019)
Answer:

1. Studying the different animals becomes easy when they are placed under different groups.
2. When few representative animals of the particular group are studied then the idea about other animals belonging to that group also becomes clear.
3. The animal evolution becomes easier to follow after studying classification.
4. The identification of animals can be done accurately.
5. Relationship of the different animals with each other and with other groups can be understood clearly.
6. Habitat of each animal and its role in nature is understood by classification.
7. Various adaptations are understood by learning classification.

Question 2.
Into which phyla is Non-chordata divided? In which three subphyla are Chordates divided?
Answer:
I. The phyla of Non-chordata:

• Protozoa
• Porifera
• Coelenterata or Cnidaria
• Platyhelminthes
• Aschelminthes
• Annelida
• Arthropoda
• Mollusca
• Echinodermata
• Hemichordata

II. The subphyla of Chordata:

• Urochordata
• Cephalochordata
• Vertebrata

Question 3.
Write the characteristics of chordates.
Answer:
Characteristics of Chordates:

1. All chordates possess notochord and pharyngeal gill slits in at least during some developmental stage.
2. Presence of single, tubular and dorsally located spinal cord and ventrally located heart.

Question 4.
Write the characteristics of vertebrates.
Answer:
Characteristics of vertebrates:

• In vertebrates, notochord is replaced by vertebral column.
• Development of head is complete.
• Well-developed cranium which protects the brain.
• Presence of endoskeleton which is either cartilaginous or bony.
• Presence of jaws as in Gnathostomata or absence of jaws as in Agantha.

Write short notes on:

Question 1.
(1) Benefits of classification.
Answer:

• Studying the different animals becomes easy when they are placed under different groups.
• When few representative animals of the particular group are studied then the idea about other animals belonging to that group also becomes clear.
• The animal evolution becomes easier to follow after studying classification.
• The identification of animals can be done accurately.
• Relationship of the different animals with each other and with other groups can be understood clearly.
• Habitat of each animal and its role in nature is understood by classification.
• Various adaptations are understood by learning classification.

Question 2.
Germinal layers.
Answer:

• During the initial embryonic period of any multicellular animal there is formation of germinal layers or germ layer.
• These germ layers give rise to new tissues in the developing animal.
• The primitive animals were diploblastic i.e. they have only two germ layers called ectoderm and endoderm.
• The higher animals are triploblastic, having three germ layers; ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
• Cnidarians are diploblastic while all other animals are triploblastic.

Question 3.
Coelom.
Answer:

• Coelom means body cavity. It is situated between the body wall and the internal organs of the body.
• The coelom is formed during early embryonic life in case of multicellular animals. It is formed from either mesoderm or gut.
• Coelom when present in the body, those animals are called eucoelomate. Phylum Annelida onwards are eucoelomate animals. They are animals with true body cavity.
• Those animals in which coelom are absent are called acoelomate animals. Porifera, Cnidaria and Platyhelminthes are acoelomate animals.
• When coelom is not formed from mesoderm or gut, but formed from other tissues, it is called pseudocoelom. Only Aschelminthes animals have such coelom and hence they are called pseudocoelomate.

Question 4.
Notochord.
Answer:

• Notochord is an important feature of Chordates.
• Notochord is supporting rod like structure.
• This structure is present on the dorsal side of the animals.
• It keeps the nervous tissue separated from the rest of the tissues.
• In Hemichordates, the notochord is present in the proboscis.
• In Urochordates, the notochord is present in the tail region of the free swimming larvae.
• In Cephalochordates, the notochord lies throughout the length of the body.
• In vertebrates, notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.

Complete the paragraph by choosing the appropriate words given in the brackets:

Question 1.
(Linnaeus, Dobzhansky, Carl Woese, Theophrastus, Artificial method, Aristotle, Natural system, Traditional system)
Time to time, different scientists have tried to classify the animals. Greek philosopher ………… was the first to perform the animal classification. Aristotle classified the animals, according to the criteria like body size, habits and habitats. Classification proposed by Aristotle is known as ………… Besides Aristotle, artificial method of classification was followed by ……….., Pliny, John Ray and ……….. Later on,’………… of classification’ was followed. Natural system of classification was based on various other criteria. By the time, system of classification based on evolution was also brought into practice. It was used by …………. and Meyer. Recently, ……….. has also proposed the animal classification.
Answer:
Time to time, different scientists have tried to classify the animals. Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to perform the animal classification. Aristotle classified the animals, according to the criteria like body size, habits and habitats. Classification proposed by Aristotle is known as ‘Artificial method’. Besides Aristotle, artificial method of classification was followed by Theophrastus, Pliny, John Ray and Linnaeus. Later on, ‘Natural system of classification’ was followed. Natural system of classification was based on various other criteria. By the time, system of classification based on evolution was also brought into practice. It was used by Dobzansky and Meyer. Recently, Carl Woese has also proposed the animal classification.

Question 2.
(neck, lungs, skin, exoskeleton, amphibian, metamorphose, aquatic, gills)
Class Amphibia consist of animals which are strictly ……….. only during their larval stages. At that time they breathe through their …………. Tadpoles are such stages which later ………… to form adult frog. Adult frog respires with the help of ………… when in water and with when on land. Thus, it is a true …………. For performing cutaneous respiration, i.e. respiration through skin, they lack ………. in any form. The skin is also kept moist by staying near the water bodies. Amphibians do not have a ………… but eyes are bulging and prominent, this solves the problems of vision.
Answer:
Class Amphibia consist of animals which are strictly aquatic only during their larval stages. At that time they breathe through their gills. Tadpoles are such stages which later metamorphose to form adult frog. Adult frog respires with the help of skin when in water and with lungs when on land. Thus, it is a true amphibian. For performing cutaneous respiration, i.e. respiration through skin, they lack exoskeleton in any form. The skin is also kept moist by staying near the water bodies. Amphibians do not have a neck but eyes are bulging and prominent, this solves the problems of vision.

Paragraph based questions:

1. Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below:
Locomotion is considered as an important j characteristics of the animals. However, animals belonging to Porifera are said to be sedentary. Every 1 other phylum has typical locomotory organs. E.g. Nereis crawls with the help of parapodia, whereas earthworm buries in soil by setae. Spiders have four pairs of walking legs, crab has five while all insects have three pairs of walking legs. The walking legs are also called appendages. Starfish moves with the help of tube feet. Snails and bivalves use muscular foot for locomotion. Birds flying with their spread out wings and fish swimming with their fins, both have spindle-shaped body tapering at both the ends. While flying or swimming such body offers least resistance during locomotion. Mammals have two pairs of limbs while animals like snakes are limbless. Other animals belonging to the class of snakes also have very weak limbs which make them creep on the ground.

Questions and Answers:

Question 1.
What are the locomotory organs in phylum Annelida?
Answer:
Annelidans have parapodia and setae as the locomotory organs.

Question 2.
Which phylum has a characteristic of jointed appendages?
Answer:
Phylum Arthropoda has a characteristic of jointed appendages.

Question 3.
Which the locomotory organ of animals belong to Phylum Mollusca?
Answer:
Animals belonging to Phylum Mollusca have strong muscular foot which is used for locomotion.

Question 4.
Which class of animals show weak legs?
Answer:
Class Reptilia belonging to subphylum vertebrata show weak legs.

Question 5.
In which class of animals the forelimbs are modified?
Answer:
Class Aves belonging to subphylum vertebrata have wings which are modified forelimbs.

Diagram based questions:

Question 1.
Sketch, label and classify the following organisms:
1. Liverfluke.
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Example: Liverfluke

2. Leench.
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Annelida
Example: Leech

3. Cockroach:
Answer:

Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Division: Non-chordata
Phylum: Arthopoda
Class: Insecta
Example: Cockroach

Question 2.
Identify the animal given in the figure and label the figure:
1.

Answer:
Balanoglossus

2.

Answer:
Herdmania.

3.

Answer:
Amphioxus

4.

Answer:
Petromyzon.

5.

Answer:
bat

Question 3.
Identify the class of the animal shown in the figure and write any two characteristics.
Answer:
(1) The animal shown in the figure is bat.
(2) It belongs to class Mammalia of Subphylum Vertebrata. Phylum Chordata.
(3) Characteristics:
(i) Body is divided into head, neck, torso and tail. Patagium present for the flying mode. Nocturnal in habit. It is warm blooded.
(ii) Gives birth to live young ones. Mammary glands present for nourishing young ones.

Question 4.
Observe the figure and answer the following questions.

(a) To which phylum these organisms belong?
(b) Name the substance with which their body is covered.
(c) Name their organs of locomotion.
Answer:
(a) The starfish and the sea urchin shown in the figure belong to phylum Echinodermata.
(b) The body of echinoderm animal is covered with calcareous spines or ossicles/plates.
This is the substance covering the body is mostly calcium salts and compounds.
(c) Their locomotory organs are tube feet.

Question 5.
Observe the figures given below and answer the given questions: (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)

(a) In which phylum are these animals included?
(b) Which substance forms the outer layer of their exoskeleton?
(c) What are their locomotory organs?
Answer:
(a) These animals are included in phylum Arthropoda.
(b) The outer layer of their exoskeleton is covered by chitinous substance.
(c) Their locomotory organs are jointed paired appendages.

Question 6.
Identify the phylum of the given animal and write any two characteristics of this phylum. (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)
Answer:

This animal is Sycon sponge and its phylum in Porifera.
Characteristics of phylum Porifera
(a) Asymmetrical body.
(b) Many pores on body. Large osculum and smaller ostia.

Question 7.
(a) Identify the animal given here.
(b) Write the phylum to which it belongs.
(c) Identify the pointed parts; p, q, r and s.

Answer:
(a) The given animal is Octopus.
(b) It belongs to the phylum Mollusca.
(c) p = eye, q = sucker, s = siphon and r = tentacle.

Complete the following charts:

Question 1.
Complete the chart by taking into consideration the criteria for classification: (Text Book Page No. 61)

Answer:

Question 2.
Complete the following flow-chart.

Answer:
(A) Eukaryotes
(B) Monera.

Activity based questions:

Question 1.
Observe: (Text Book Page No. 65)
(1) Body organization of human has been shown in the following figure. Use appropriate labels for different organs present in human body.

Answer:
There are different organs in the human body. The liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, etc. related to the digestive system and a pair of kidney concerned with excretion is present in the abdominal cavity. The cranial cavity shows brain and sense organs. In the thoracic cavity there are lungs and heart. In addition to these organs, there are network of blood capillaries, nerve network, etc. which is spread from head to toes.

Question 2.
Why is earthworm called as friend of farmers? (Get Information: Text Book Page No. 69)
Answer:
Earthworms move through the soil in the farms and fields. They feed on the detritus in the soil. They also help in decomposition of the organic matter. When the soil is loosened due to their activities, the roots of the crops grow well. They enrich the soil by their excreta which act as fertilizers. All these facts make earthworm, a farmer’s friend.

Question 3.
In what way the leech is used in ayurvedic system of treatment? (Get Information: Text Book Page No. 69)
Answer:
Leeches are blood sucking ectoparasite. In Ayurveda leech is used to remove impure blood and blood clots. Such blood is sucked up by leeches and then the patient gets some relief. In the leech body there is. a substance called hirudine which prevent blood clotting as it sucks up the blood. This hirudine is also used for medicinal purpose.

Question 4.
What is chitin? (Find out: Text Book Page No. 70)
Answer:
Chitin is a type of polysaccharide. Its chemical formula is (C8H13O5N)n. It is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, which is actually a derivative of glucose. It is a primary component of cell walls in fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as crustaceans and insects. In many medicines chitin is used. The industrial processes and the biotechnological experiments also use chitin.

Question 5.
Let’s Think: (Text Book Page No. 70)
(i) What types of benefit and harm occur to human from animals of phylum-Arthropoda?
Answer:
Some insects are very useful for us. We get many products from them. e.g. Honey bee, Lac insect, Silk worm, are the insects that provide us with honey and wax, lac and silk respectively. The culture experiments are done on these insects for large scale production of these substances. Butterflies help in the pollination of crops and are thus helpful for the farmers and gardeners. Lady bug beetle is an insect which acts as a natural pest control as it attacks the other harmful insect pests.

In biological pest control methods it is widely used. Some insects, on the contrary are very harmful. Mosquito, bed bugs, lice are blood sucking parasites which can spread the diseases. Mosquito is a vector for dengue, filariasis and malaria. Some are biting insects that can cause wounds, some cause allergies of various kinds. The grains and crops are destroyed to great extent by the insects. In this way the insects belonging to the phylum Arthropods are harmful to health, wealth and peace of mind too.

(ii) Which are the animals from phylum Arthropoda those have shortest and longest life span?
Answer:
The shortest life span: May fly – About 24 hours. The longest life span : Lobster (Homarus americanus) – About 100 years.

(iii) Why has it been said that only insects directly compete with humans for food?
Answer:
The standing crop in the fields can be totally ruined by insects. The locust can damage the crops when they attack in thousands at a time. The grains are also infested by variety of insects like ants, weevils, beetles, etc. Therefore, we can say that only insects compete with humans for food.

Project: (Do it your self)

Project 1.
How does the infection of tapeworm in man, liver fluke in grazing animals like goat and sheep occur and what are their preventive measures? (Collect the Information, Internet is my friend: Textbook page no. 69)

Project 2.
How does the infection of round worms like Ascaris, filarial worm and plant nematodes occur and what are their preventive measures and treatment? (Collect the Information, Internet is my friend: Textbook page no. 69)

Project 3.
Books are my friend: Collect the information about pearl production from bivalves by reading appropriate books. (Textbook page no. 70)

Project 4.
Book are my friends: The Animal Kingdom: Libbie Hyman and some other similar books.
(Textbook page no. 75)

Project 5.
Use of Information Technology: (Textbook page no. 75)
Prepare the presentation of animal classification using video clips downloaded from internet.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 2 Location and Extent Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Chapter 2 Location and Extent

Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Location and Extent Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Are the sentences right or wrong. ? Rewrite the wrong ones

Question a.
Brazil is mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere.
Answer:
Right

Question b.
Tropic of Capricorn passes through the middle of India.
Answer:
Wrong. Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of India.

Question c.
The longitudinal extent of Brazil is less than India.
Answer:
Wrong. The longitudinal extent of Brazil is more than India.

Question d.
Equator passes through the northern part of Brazil.
Answer:
Right

Question e.
Brazil has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean.
Answer:
Wrong. Brazil has a coastline along the Atlantic. Ocean.

Question f.
Pakistan is a neighbouring country to the south east of India.
Answer:
Wrong. Pakistan is neighbouring a country to the north west of India.

Question g.
The southern part of India is called Peninsula.
Answer:
Right.

2. Answer in brief:

Question a.
What problems did Brazil and India face after independence?
Answer:
(i) India was under the British rule for almost one- and-a-half centuries and it got its independence in the year 1947.
(ii) It faced several problems like three wars, famine situations in various parts and similar issues after independence.
(iii) Brazil gained its independence in 1822 after more than three centuries of Portuguese rule.
(iv) From 1930 to 1985, for more than a half century, it was under a populist military government and it faced global financial difficulties in the late 20th century.
Thus, both India and Brazil faced many problems post-independence.

Question b.
How are Brazil and India different from each other in terms of location?
Answer:
(i) India is located in the northern hemisphere of the earth whereas some part of Brazil lies in the northern hemisphere and most of it lies in the southern hemisphere.
(ii) India entirely lies in the eastern hemisphere whereas, Brazil lies in the western hemisphere.
(iii) India lies in the continent of Asia whereas Brazil lies in the continent of South America.
(iv) India lies in the southern part of the continent of Asia whereas Brazil lies in the northern part of South American continent.

Question c.
Describe the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India and Brazil.
Answer:
(i) The extent of the mainland India is 8°4’N to 37°6’N latitudes and between 68°7’E to 97°25’E longitudes.
(ii) Indira Point is the southernmost tip of India.
(iii) It is located on 6°45’N parallel.
(iv) The extent of the mainland Brazil is 5°15’N to 33°45′ S latitudes and between to 34°47’W to 73°48’W longitude.

Select the correct option

Question a.
India’s southernmost point is known as __________.
(a) Lakshadweep
(b) Kanyakumari
(c) Indira Point
(d) Port Blair
Answer:
(c) Indira Point

Question b.
These two countries in South America do not share their border with Brazil?
(a) Chile – Ecuador
(b) Argentina – Bolivia
(c) Columbia – French Guiana
(d) Surinam – Uruguay
Answer:
(a) Chile – Ecuador

Question c.
Both the countries have _________ type of government.
Military
(b) Republic
Communist
(d) Presidential
Answer:
(b) Republic

Question d.
Which of the following shapes show the coastal part of Brazil correctly?

Answer:

Question e.
Which of the following shapes show the coastal part of India Correctly?

Answer:

Question f.
Considering hemisphere, which shape correctly represents the hemisphere in which India lies?

Answer:

Question g.
Considering the hemisphere, which correctly represents the hemisphere in which Brazil mainly lies?

Answer:

Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Location and Extent Intext Questions and Answers

Colours of both
Answer the following questions with respect to the countries that you have studied.

Question 1.
Out of the countries that you have coloured, which country is larger in size?
Answer:
Brazil is larger in size.

Question 2.
Which country has a larger latitudinal extent?
Answer:
Brazil has a larger latitudinal extent.

Question 3.
How do the locations of Brazil and India differ in terms of their positions in their respective continents?
Answer:
Brazil lies in the northern part of the continent of South America, whereas India lies in the southern part of the continent of Asia.

Question 4.
How many states does each of the two countries have?
Answer:
Brazil has 26 states and one federal district. India has 28 states and 8 union territories.

Question 5.
Obtain information regarding the emblems of both the countries, i.e. India and Brazil.
Answer:
India:
The national emblem of India is an adaptation of the Lion capital of Ashoka at Sarnath. The emblem has three lions visible, the fourth being hidden from the view. The four lions symbolise power, courage, confidence and pride. At the bottom is a horse and a bull, and its centre is a wheel (Dharma Chakra). Forming an integral part of the emblem is the motto inscribed in Devanagari Script: Satyameva Jayate (Truth Alone Triumphs)

Brazil:
The national emblem of Brazil is coat of arms shows the Southern cross in a blue circle. The ring of 27 stars around it represents Brazil’s 26 states and the Federal District. The whole is placed on a star and surrounded by coffee (at the left) and tobacco (at the right), which are the important crops in Brazil. The blue ribbon contains the official name of Brazil (Republica Federativa Do Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil) in the first line. In the second, the date of the federative republic’s establishment (November 15, 1889) is written.

Give it a try.

Question 1.
The imperial power which ruled Brazil also ruled a part of India. Find out when that part of India achieved independence?
Answer:
Answer: In India, Goa, Diu and Daman, Dadra and Nagar Haveli were under Portuguese rule. These regions got independence on 19th December 1961.

Match the column:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1)      Dance form of Brazil (2)      Capital of India (3)      Capital of Brazil (4)      Coffee pot of world	(a)     Brazil (b)     Samba (c)     New Delhi (d)     Brasilia (e)     Bangladesh (f)     Myanmar

Answer:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – d
4 – a

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Country to the south of Brazil	(a) China
(2) Sea to the west of India	(b) Uruguay
(3) Second largest populated country	(c) Arabian sea
(4) Coffee pot of the world Imperial power ruled Brazil	(d) India
	(e) Portuguese
	(f) Japan

Answer:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – d
4 – e

Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
Which is the second largest populated country in the world?
Answer:
India is the second-largest populated country in the world.

Question 2.
Which country is called the ‘coffee pot’ of the world’?
Answer:
Brazil is called the coffee pot of the world.

Question 3.
Which dance form is famous in Brazil?
Answer:
Samba is the famous dance form of Brazil.

Question 4.
Name the capital of India?
Answer:
The capital of India is New Delhi.

Question 5.
When did India gain Independence?
Answer:
India got independence on 15th August 1947.

Question 6.
When did Brazil gain independence?
Answer:
Brazil gained its independence on 7th September 1822.

Question 7.
Which countries are located to the north of Brazil?
Answer:
Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana are situated to the north of Brazil

Question 8.
Which countries are located to the west of Brazil?
Answer:
Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina are situated to the west of Brazil.

Question 9.
Which country is situated to the south of Brazil?
Answer:
Uruguay is situated to the south of Brazil.

Question 10.
Which ocean lies to the east of Brazil?
Answer:
The North and South Atlantic Ocean lies to the east of Brazil.

Question 11.
Which countries are situated to the east of India?
Answer:
Myanmar and Bangladesh are situated to the east of India.

Question 12.
Which countries are situated to the north of India?
Answer:
China, Bhutan and Nepal are situated to the north of India.

Question 13.
Which sea lies to the west of India?
Answer:
Arabian sea lies to the west of India.

Question 14.
Which countries lie to the south of India?
Answer:
Srilanka, Maldives and Indonesia lie to the south of India.

Question 15.
What is the location of the southernmost tip of India?
Answer:
The location of the southernmost tip of India (Indira Point) is 6°45′ N parallel.

Question 16.
According to the equator, in which hemisphere is Brazil located?
Answer:
Some part of Brazil lies in the northern hemisphere, while most of it lies in the southern hemisphere.

Question 17.
In which hemispheres is India located?
Answer:
India is located in the northern and eastern hemispheres.

Question 18.
What type of government does Brazil have today?
Answer:
Today, Brazil has Federal Presidential Republic type of government.

Question 19.
What type of government does India have today?
Answer:
Today, India has Federal Parliamentary Republic type of government.

Question 20.
Where does the name Brazil come from?
Answer:
The name Brazil comes from ‘Pau Brasil’, a local wooded tree.

Question 21.
Who established the early settlement in Brazil?
Answer:
The Portuguese settlers established the early settlement in Brazil.

Question 22.
Distinguish between: Location of India and Brazil
Answer:

India	Brazil
(i) India is located at 8°4’N to 37°6’N latitude and between 68°7’E to 97°25’E longitudes.	(i) Brazil is located at 5°15’N to 33°45’S latitudes and between 34°47’W to 73°48’W.
(ii) It is located in the northern and eastern hemispheres.	(ii) Some part of Brazil lies in the northern hemisphere, while most of it lies in the southern hemisphere. Brazil also lies in the western hemisphere.
(iii) India is located in the southern part of the Asian continent.	(iii) Brazil is located in the northern part of South American continent.

Question 23.
Find the difference between the post-independence characteristics of India and Brazil.
Answer:

Brazil	India
(i) Brazil gained its independence in 1822. From 1930 to 1985, for more than half a century, it was under a populist military government. Presently, Brazil has Federal Presidential Republic type of government	(i) India got its independence in the year 1947. It has Federal Parliamentary Republic type of government.
(ii) The proportion of older people that is non – working population is high.	(ii) The proportion of youth, i.e. working population is high.
(iii )It has overcome global financial difficulties in the late 20th century	(iii) It has faced several problems like three wars, famine situations in various parts and similar issues after independence.
(iv) Sex ratio and literacy rate is high in Brazil.	(iv) Sex ratio and literacy rate is low in India.

Observe the map and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Identify the countries and water bodies around India and complete the following table.


To the North
To the East
To the South
To the West
Answer:

No.	Directions	Neighbouring Countries/ Oceans
(1)	North	China, Bhutan, Nepal
(2)	South	Indian Ocean, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Indonesia
(3)	East	Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bay of Bengal
(4)	West	Arabian Sea, Pakistan, Afghanistan

Question 2.
Identify Brazil’s neighbouring countries and oceans. Complete the following table.


(a) To the North
(b) To the South
(c) To the East
(d) To the West
Answer:

No.	Directions	Neighbouring Countries	Oceans
(1)	North	Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana	North Atlantic Ocean
(2)	South	Uruguay	South Atlantic Ocean
(3)	East		South Atlantic Ocean
(4)	West	Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Colombia, Argentina

Question 3.
Show the following on an outline of the world map.
(a) Name all the continents and oceans of the world.
(b) Colour Brazil and India using different colours and name them.
(c) Draw equator on the map and write its value in degrees.
(d) Show the symbol for direction.
Answer:

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
Brazil is called the ‘coffee pot of the world’.
Answer:
(i) Brazil ranks first in the world in the terms of production of coffee.
(ii) It produces nearly 40% of the total coffee production in the world.
(iii) It is the largest exporter of coffee.
Therefore, Brazil is called the ‘coffee pot of the world’.

Question 2.
Brazil is known as the country having third longest land border.
Answer:
(i) Brazil has the world’s third longest land border, after China and Russia.
(ii) It shares its boundaries with all South American countries, except Chile and Ecuador, totalling 16,885 Kilometers.
(iii) Brazil has borders with 10 different countries, which are Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela.
(iv) Hence, Brazil is called the country having third longest land borders.

Question 3.
India is looked upon as a young country.
Answer:
(i) The proportion of youth in India’s population is high.
(ii) This forms a major part of the working population.
(iii) According to 2011 census the percentage of working population is more than 50 %.
(iv) Hence, India is looked upon as a young country.

Question 4.
India’s economic development has paced up. OR India is considered as a major global market.
Answer:
(i) Despite facing several problems after independence, today India is a major developing country of the world.
(ii) It is because of various reforms from time to time, that India’s economic development has paced up.
(iii) So, it is considered to be a global market.

Answer in brief:

Question 1.
What problems did Brazil and India face after independence?
Answer:
(i) India was under the British rule for almost one-and-a-half centuries and it got its independence in the year 1947.
(ii) It faced several problems like three wars, famine situations in various parts and similar issues after independence.
(iii) Brazil gained its independence in 1822 after more than three centuries of Portuguese rule.
(iv) From 1930 to 1985, for more than a half century, it was under a populist military government and it faced global financial difficulties in the late 20th century.
Thus, both India and Brazil faced many problems post-independence.

Question 2.
How are Brazil and India different from each other in terms of location?
Answer:
(i) India is located in the northern hemisphere of the earth whereas some part of Brazil lies in the northern hemisphere and most of it lies in the southern hemisphere.
(ii) India entirely lies in the eastern hemisphere whereas, Brazil lies in the western hemisphere.
(iii) India lies in the continent of Asia whereas Brazil lies in the continent of South America.
(iv) India lies in the southern part of the continent of Asia whereas Brazil lies in the northern part of South American continent.

Question 3.
Describe the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India and Brazil.
Answer:
(i) The extent of the mainland India is 8°4’N to 37°6’N latitudes and between 68°7’E to 97°25’E longitudes.
(ii) Indira Point is the southernmost tip of India.
(iii) It is located on 6°45’N parallel.
(iv) The extent of the mainland Brazil is 5°15’N to 33°45′ S latitudes and between to 34°47’W to 73°48’W longitude.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Location and Extent Additional Important Questions and Answers

Name the following:
Question 1.
The second-largest populated country in the world.
Answer:
India

Question 2.
The country is famous for its spices in the world.
Answer:
India

Question 3.
The country is known as the ‘coffee pot’ of the world.
Answer:
Brazil

Question 4.
The famous dance form of Brazil.
Answer:
Samba

Question 5.
Hemispheres in which India is located.
Answer:
Northern and eastern hemispheres.

Question 6.
A continent in which India is located.
Answer:
Asia

Question 7.
The latitudinal extent of India.
Answer:
8°4’N to 37°6’N

Question 8.
The longitudinal extent of India.
Answer:
68°7’E to 97°25’E

Question 8.
Foreign power which ruled Brazil for more than three centuries.
Answer:
Portuguese.

Question 9.
Independence day of Brazil.
Answer:
7th September 1822.

Question 10.
Type of Government in Brazil from 1930 to 1985.
Answer:
Populist Military Government.

Question 11.
The latitudinal extent of Brazil.
Answer:
5°15’N to 33°45’S.

Question 12.
The longitudinal extent of Brazil.
Answer:
34°47’W to 73°48’W

Choose the correct option and rewrite the statements:

Question 1.
The second largest populated country in the world is _________.
(a) China
(b) Brazil
(c) India
(d) Russia
Answer:
(c) India

Question 2.
Brazil is famous for ________ type of dance form.
(a) Salsa
(b) Samba
(c) Ballet
(d) Tango
Answer:
(b) Samba

Question 3.
The country known as the ‘coffee pot’ of the world is _______.
(a) Brazil
(b) India
(c) China
(d) Pakistan
Answer:
(a) Brazil

Question 4.
India is located in the ________ part of the Asian continent.
(a) southern
(b) northern
(c) northeastern
(d) western
Answer:
(a) southern

Question 5.
Brazil gained independence in _______.
(a) 1890
(b) 1980
(c) 1822
(d) 1820
Answer:
(c) 1822

Question 6.
Capital of Brazil is _______.
(a) Kabul
(b) Kaula Lumpur
(c) Brasilia
(d) Monaco
Answer:
(c) Brasilia

Question 7.
Capital of India is _____.
(a) Patna
(b) New Delhi
(c) Dispur
(d) Chandigarh
Answer:
(b) New Delhi

Question 8.
India was under ___ rule for almost one and a half-century.
(a) Portuguese
(b) African
(c) Russian
(d) British
Answer:
(d) British

Question 9.
For more than a half-century, Brazil was under a _____ government.
(a) Populist military
(b) Monarchy
(c) Constitutional government
(d) Dictatorial
(a) Populist military

Question 10.
Most part of the of mainland Brazil lies in the ______ hemisphere.
(a) northern
(b) southern
(c) eastern
(d) northwestern
Answer:
(b) southern

Question 11.
Brazil was ruled by ______ imperial power which also ruled a part of India.
(a) Portuguese
(b) British
(c) Indonesia
(d) Pakistan
Answer:
(a) Portuguese

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.5 Let’s March Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 2.5 Let’s March

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.5 Warming Up Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe the pictures and answer.

(a) Main difference between the two images …………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Change required ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) Your contribution as a student to help and make a difference to needy children.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
(1) Main difference between the two images : In the first picture, the little boy is working at a construction site or kiln. He is a child labourer. In the second, the boy is going to school.
(2) Change required : The boy in the first picture should not work but go to school.
(3) Your contribution as a student to help and make a difference to needy children : I donate my old books, school bag, etc. to needy children.

Question 2.
Put a [✓] or [✗]
A good speech delivered requires the following characteristics.
(1) Well planned and thoughts well-organized. [ ]
(2) Delivered softly and in a low voice. [ ]
(3) Speaker need not greet the dignitaries and audience. [ ]
(4) Language used should be suitable to the audience. [ ]
(5) Speech should be of a proper duration. [ ]
(6) Speaker should be passive, and have no facial expressions. [ ]
(7) Speech should be supported by good examples/episodes/ visual aids. (where possible) [ ]
(8) Speaker should switch over from one language to another [ ]
Answer:
(1) Well planned and thoughts well-organized. [✓]
(2) Delivered softly and in a low voice. [✗]
(3) Speaker need not greet the dignitaries and audience. [✗]
(4) Language used should be suitable to the audience. [✓]
(5) Speech should be of a proper duration. [✓]
(6) Speaker should be passive and have no facial expressions. [✗]
(7) Speech should be supported by good examples/episodes/visual aids, where possible. [✓]
(8) Speaker should switch over from one language to another. [✗]

Question 3.
Read the expressions and insert them in the proper columns. Put the proper expression numbers in the right column.

Greeting/Salutation	Introduction	Body of the Speech	Conclusion	Thanking the Audience

Expressions
(1) Imagine ! After ten years, what will happen?
(2) Let me begin, today, by sharing my own experience.
(3) Honourable Chief Guest ………………….., eminent dignitaries, ladies and gentlemen.
(4) I don’t understand why we accept this issue so passively.
(5) I am Adarsh Birajdar, (designation) standing before you …………………..
(6) A renowned personality (name) says “ ………………….. ”
(7) Good morning, to one and all present today.
(8) I express my deep gratitude to the organisers of this event/function …………………..
(9) Let me give you an example …………………..
(10) Thank you all for a patient listening and your interest in my talk.
(11) You must have noticed that …………………..
(12) Before I conclude, I would like you to think over the fact that …………………..
Answer:

	ExpressIon No
Greeting/ Salutation	3, 7
Introduction	2, 5
Body of trie Speech	4, 6, 9, 11
Conclusion	1, 12
Thanking the Audience	8, 1

Question 4.
With the help of your teacher and classmates make a list of as many Indian Nobel Laureates as you can. (You can use Internet or school library.)

Let’s March Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Question 1.
Name the following.
(a) The persons to whom Kailash Satyarthi gives the highest credit of his honour –
(b) The greatest personalities from the land of Buddha –
(c) So called daughters of Kailash Satyarthi –
(d) The foreign activists of equal rights, mentioned in the speech –
Answer:
(a) Kaalu Kumar, Dhoom Das, Adarsh Kishore and Iqbal Masih.
(b) Buddha, Guru Nanak, Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Daughters of Kailash Satyarthi
(d) Iqbal Masih, Malala Yousafzai and Tom Harkin.

Question 2.
Mention the social issues highlighted by Kailash Satyarthi in his speech. One social issue is given for you.
(a) Child labor
(b) …………………..
(c) …………………..
(d) …………………..
(e) …………………..
(f) …………………..
Answer:

Question 3.
Complete the following diagram/chart.

Answer:

Question 4.
Complete the following web-chart.

Answer:

Question 5.
Think and give your own response.
(a) How can education help the deprived children and child laborers?
Answer:
Education will help the deprived children and child labourers to stand on their own feet and earn a decent living. It will help them to have financial independence. Education plays a huge role in building confidence, tolerance, and making children global: citizens.

(b) Name any other social activist who has worked/is working earnestly for child-welfare. Write about his/her activities.

(c) What message does the little bird’s story of the forest fire convey to us? Explain.
Answer:
The message the little bird story of the forest fire conveys to us is that we must try to do whatever we can to improve matters. We must not think that our efforts are insignificant. We must not think ‘What can one person do?’ Every little drop counts. If each of us makes a little bit of effort, the sum total will be substantial.

(d) Besides the political freedom that our nation enjoys, what other freedom should it strive for? Say why.
Answer:
Besides the political freedom that our nation enjoys. it should strive for social freedom, where everybody is treated equally irrespective of caste, creed and gender. Our nation should also strive for economic freedom, where everyone is above the poverty line. Only then will our nation progress.

(e) What is your impression of the acceptance speech given by Kailash Satyarthi, when he received the Nobel Prize? Write in 3 to 4 sentences.
Answer:
The speech was very emotional. It could be due to the fact that the speech was an earnest appeal to the hearts of the people world over. If we wish the children of the world to be looked after well, we have to rouse the adults to act in a responsible and compassionate manner. This can be done only by trying to touch their hearts and their emotions, which the speaker has attempted to do.

Question 6.
Choose the correct option and write in front of the given word, to convey the exact meaning.
(a) divinity : ………………………..
(i) goodness
(ii) godliness
(iii) god – fearing
Answer:
(ii) godliness

(b) extremist : ………………………..
(i) militant
(ii) robber
(iii) spy
Answer:
(i) militant

(c) culminate : ………………………..
(i) destroy
(ii) succeed
(iii) rise to a peak
Answer:
(iii) rise to a peak

(d) exploitation : ………………………..
(i) explosion
(ii) misuse
(iii) employment
Answer:
(ii) misuse

(e) mortality : ………………………..
(i) death
(ii) virtues
(iii) starvation
Answer:
(i) death

(f) dignity : ………………………..
(i) self-pride
(ii) self-support
(iii) self-esteem
Answer:
(i) self-esteem

Question 7.
Pick out from the lesson the-
(A) Noun forms of the following words-
(a) dignified
(b) pacify
(c) pursue
(d) ignore
(e) poor
(f) divine
Answer:
(a) dignity
(b) pacification
(c) pursuit
(d) ignorance
(e) honor
(f) divinity

(B) Verb forms of-
(a) democracy
(b) global
(c) hindrance
(d) resolution
(e) liberty
(f) service
Answer:
(a) democret
(b) globalise
(c) hinder
(d) resolve
(e) liberate
(f) serve

Question 8.
(A) Use the following words as a noun as well as a verb and make meaningful sentences with each set, in your notebook. march, honour, credit, stitch
Answer:
March:
(a) Gandhiji led the legendary salt march against the British, (noun)
(b) The women marched to the police station angrily, (verb)

Honour:
(1) honour – (a) The poor old man had the honour of shaking hands with the King, (noun)
(b) We must honour oui’ national heroes. (verb)

Credit:
(a) The athlete said that the full credit for her success goes to hci- coach. (noun)
(b) She credits ‘her success to her farnlly’s support. (verb)

Stitch:
(a) A stitch in time saves nine, (noun)
(b) Mary always stitched her school uniform herself, (verb)

(B) Write minimum 4 hidden words of more than 4 letters from – intergovernmental
Answer:
intergovernmental:

• governmental,
• meant,
• government,
• internal,
• train

(C) Make meaningful sentences by using the following phrases, in your notebook.
(a) in the pursuit of
(b) be afraid of
(c) give up
Answer:
(a) In pursuit of a ha1thier diet, more people now turn to organic foods.
(b) One should not be afraid of facing difficult situations.
(c) We must never give up hope even when we face problems.

(D) Pick from the lesson the antonyms of
(i) ignorance x ……………………….
(ii) immortality x ……………………….
(iii) deny x ……………………….
(iv) violence x ……………………….
(v) well- known x ……………………….
(vi) slavery x ……………………….
Answer:
(i) knowledge
(ii) freedom
(iii) accept
(iv) peace
(v) unknown
(vi) mortality

Question 9.
(A) What will you do in the following situations?
(a) If you see a child working in a restaurant.
……………………………………………………..
(b) If you find a child working at a construction site.
……………………………………………………..
(c) If you find a child working at a brickwork site.
……………………………………………………..
(d) If you come across a beggar child.
……………………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) I will talk to the restaurant owner and ask him to send the child to a government school. I will offer to give the child my old books and clothes.
(b) I will talk to the child’s parents and ask them to send him to school. I will also inform my parents and ask them to help.
(c) I will find an NGO and inform them about it.
(d) I will find an orphanage or NGO in the area and ask them to help him. I will also give him some picture books so that he begins to take an interest in books.

(B) Write any 2 efforts that you can make to enroll deprived children/ out of school children into a school. One is given for you.
(a) I will persuade parents of such children to send them to school.
(b) ……………………………………………………..
(c) ……………………………………………………..

Question 10.
(A) Types of Sentence
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete idea. Sentences can be classified in various ways. The following is a classification of sentences.

(i) Assertive sentence (Statement) : A sentence that makes a statement or assertion is a sentence.
For example, ‘There are many villages in India.’

(ii) Interrogative sentence : It is a sentence that asks a question. It is of two sub-types.
Yes/no interrogative sentence :
It generally begins with a helping verb or an auxiliary verb and can be answered by saying ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. For example, ‘Are you coming with us?’

Wh-interrogative sentence : It begins with a wh – word, such as ‘who’ and ‘why’ and cannot be answered by saying ‘yes’ or ‘no’. For example, ‘What is the time?’

(iii) Imperative sentence : It expresses commands, requests etc. It generally begins with a verb. For example, ‘Open your books’.

(iv) Exclamatory sentence : It expresses a strong feeling.
For example, ‘How wonderful the river looks !’ ‘What a shame !’

(B) Say whether the following sentences are Assertive (Statements), Imperative (Commands, Requests, etc.), Interrogative (Questions) or Exclamatory (Exclamations).
(1) The Mantra carries a prayer. ………………………….. .
(2) Is the world so poor? ………………………….. .
(3) Kill not your children because of poverty. ………………………….. .
(4) Let’s walk together. ………………………….. .
(5) What can one person do? ………………………….. .
(6) We have made progress. ………………………….. .
(7) How utterly we have failed our children! ………………………….. .
(8) What a big challenge it is! ………………………….. .
Answer:
(1) Assertive
(2) Interrogative
(3) Imperative
(4) Imperative
(5) Interrogative
(6) Assertive
(7) Exclamatory
(8) Exclamatory

(C) Rewrite the following sentences as Assertive (statements).
(1) Why didn’t you come earlier? ………………………….. .
(2) How frightened their eyes look! ………………………….. .
(3) How angry it makes me! ………………………….. .
(4) Should I accept such shackles of slavery? ………………………….. .
(5) What can one person do? ………………………….. .
Answer:
(1) You should have come earlier.
(2) Their eyes look very frightened.
(3) It makes me very angry.
(4) I should not accept such shackles of slavery.
(5) One person cannot do much.

Question 11.
(A) Observe the following underlined phrases. Here ‘have /has’ are followed by the past participle form of the verb. This construction indicates the present perfect tense. Find more such sentences from the text.
(1) We have made progress in the last couple of decades.
(2) We have prevented millions of child deaths.
(3) It has happened.
(4) ………………………….. .
(5) ………………………….. .
Answer:
(4) Let us inculcate….
(5) Let us globalise compassion.

(B) In the following sentences the underlined words are called infinitives. Find such examples from the speech and underline the infinitives.
(1) Every child is free to grow.
(2) I refuse to accept that all the laws and constitutions, police and judges are unable to protect our children.
(3) ………………………….. .
(4) ………………………….. .
(5) ………………………….. .
Answer:
(3) To grow and develop, to eat, to laugh, to play, to go to school, to dream
(4) Kailash Satyarthi is. not ready to accept:
(5) The Nobel Committee has generously invited me to present a lecture.

(C) Complete the following sentences with the help of the sentence given below.
(a) The biggest challenge knocking on the doors of human kind is fear and intolerance.
(i) No other challenge knocking ………………………….. as big as ………………………….. .
(ii) Fear and intolerance are bigger ………………………….. .
Answer:
(i) No other challenge knocking on the doors of humankind is as big as fear and intolerance.
(ii) Fear and intolerance are bigger than any other challenge knocking on the doors of humankind.

(b) The Nobel Prize is one of the greatest honours in the world.
(i) Very few honours ………………………….. .
(ii) The Nobel Prize is greater than ………………………….. .
Answer:
(i) Very few honours in the world are as great as the Nobel Prize.
(ii) The Nobel Prize is greater than most other honours in the world.

Question 12.
(A) Match the sentences given in part ‘A’ with the sentences given in part ‘B’. Note the differences in structure.

‘A’ Part	‘B’ Part
(1) He was kidnapped by an extremist militia.	(a) They forced the child to kill his friends and family.
(2) The child was forced to kill his friends and family.	(b) We can do this.
(3) This can be done by us.	(c) An extremist militia kidnapped him.

Answer:

‘A’ Part	‘B’ Part
(1) He was kidnapped by an extremist militia.	(c) An extremist militia kidnapped him.
(2) The child was forced to kill his friends and family.	(b) They forced the child to kill his friends and family.
(3) This can be done by us.	(a) We can do this.

(B) You might have observed that The sentences in Part A are in the passive voice while the sentences in Part B are in the active voice. Now change the following sentences into the passive voice.
1. We can do it. ……………………………
2. Her angry question still shakes me. ……………………………
3. Governments must make child-friendly policies. ……………………………
4. His answer made me angry. ……………………………
Answer:
1. It can be done by us.
2. I am still shaken by her angry question.
3. Child-friendly policies must be made by governments.
4. I was made angry by his answer.

Question 13.
Imagine your school invites Malala to preside over ‘Children’s Day’ celebration programme. Draft a welcome speech for this guest of honour. Gather information about her from Internet or your school library. While drafting a speech the following points should be kept in mind.
(1) Greeting and salutation
(2) Self-introduction and introduction of the topic
(3) A catchy thought/piece of news/short episode, to start with
(4) Body of the speech supported with related examples and episodes
(5) Conclusion
Answer:
A Welcome Speech

Honorable Chief Guest, respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends,

A pleasant good morning to you all. I am Ananya Iyer, the Cultural Secretary of our school. Today, on Children’s Day, I have the pleasure and privilege of welcoming an eminent personality, Ms. Malala Yousafzai. as our Guest of Honour. Ms. Yousafzai is a Pakistani activist who took up the cause of female education and fought for it with a missionary zeal. She is the youngest Nobel Prize laureate. She is known for human rights activities, especially the education of women and ’children in her native Swat Valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. northwest Pakistan.

On 9 October 2012, while on a bus in the Swat District, Ma’am Yousafzai and two other girls were shot by a Taliban gunman in an assassination attempt in retaliation for her activism. Ma’am Yousafzai was hit in the head with a bullet and remained unconscious and in a critical condition. Following her recovery, she became a prominent voice for the right to education. She founded the Malala Fund, a non-profit organisation and in 2013 co-authored I am Malala, an international best seller.

In 2012, she was the recipient of Pakistan’s first National Youth Peace Prize and the 2013 Sakharov Prize. In 2014, she was the co-recipient of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, along with Shri Kailash Satyarthi. Aged 17 at the time, this made her the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate. In 2015, Ma’am Yousafzai was a subject of the Oscar- shortlisted documentary He Named Me Malala. The 2013, 2014 and 2015 issues of Time magazine featured her as one of the most influential people

Ma’am, we are proud and privileged to have you with us today. We hope that your presence will inspire and motivate all of us here to take up issues relating to women and children’s rights in earnest. We request you to say a few words to the audience before the inauguration of the function. Thank You.

Question 14.
Select the correct alternative and complete the following: Kailash Satyarthi:
(1) Wants to do this, so that no one is left behind in any corner of the world: walk together. (walk tog ether/remember his ancestors)
(2) Wants to do this, to show respect to his late parents: bow to them, (bow to them/speak to them)
(3) Feels if we do this, our minds will come together: speak together. (smile/speak together)
(4) Feels this, each time he frees a child from slavery: liberated. (honoured/liberated)
Answer:
(1) walk together.
(2) bow to them
(3) speak together
(4) liberated

Question 15.
Match the words to their meanings: (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)

Words	Meaning
(1) Podium	(a) The action of trying to achieve something
(2) Aspiration	(b) A small platform
(3) Pursuit	(c) To remember something
(4) Recall	(d) An ardent wish

Answer:

Words	Meaning
(1) Podium	(b) A small platform
(2) Aspiration	(d) An ardent wish
(3) Pursuit	(a) The action of trying to achieve something
(4) Recall	(c) To remember something

Question 16.
This mantra carries a prayer, an aspiration and a resolve that has the potential to liberate humanity from all man-made crises.
Answer:
This mantra carries not only a prayer, but also an aspiration and a resolve that has the potential to liberate humanity from all man-made crises.

Question 17.
I bow to my late parents, to my motherland India and to the mother earth.
Answer:
I bow not only to my late parents, but also to my motherland India and to the mother earth.

Question 18.
Find sentences in the present perfect tense from the passage:
Answer:
I have freed a child from slavery.

Question 19.
Find sentences from the passage that’ contain infinitives: (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)
Answer:
(1) I am deeply honoured to recite a mantra.
(2) …the potential to liberate humanity…
(3) Let’s walk together. (The infinitives without ‘to’ before them are called ‘Bare Infinitives’.)
(4) Let’s speak together.
(5) Let our minds come together.
(6) Let us create knowledge together.

Question 20.
Let us create knowledge for all. (Begin the sentence with ‘Let knowledge …’ and rewrite) (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)
Answer:
Let knowledge be created for all.

Question 21.
Write about the various problems that children are facing today. (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)
Answer:
Children in cities face problems like severe competition, addiction to social networking and video games, etc. Children in rural areas face problems like exploitation, bonded labour, poverty, lack of: opportunities, etc.

Question 22.
Explain the reason why a chair is kept empty on the podium by Shri Satyarthi.
Answer:
The empty chair kept on the podium by Shri Satyarthi represents or symbolises the suffering and struggles of millions of children who are left behind.

Question 23.
Find the odd man out:
(a) dream, tiny, militia, expenditure
(b) compassion, liberty, children, pessimism
Answer:
(a) tiny-this is an adjective; the other words are nouns.
(b) children-this is a common noun; the other words are abstract nouns.

Question 24.
I am representing here – the sound of silence.
Answer:
(1) met – simple past tense
(2) am representing – present continuous tense

Question 25.
Find sentences in the present perfect tense from the passage:
Answer:
The Nobel Committee has generously invited me to present a lecture.

Question 26.
Make a list of the things that Kailash Satyarthi is not ready to accept:
Answer:
Kailash Satyarthi is. not ready to accept:
(1) that all the temples, churches, mosques and prayer houses have no place for the dreams of our 1 children, when all great religions and all countries ! teach us to care for our children.
(2) that the world is so poor, whenust one week of global military expenditure is sufficient to pay for the education of all the children.
(3) that all the laws and constitutions, police and judges, are unable to protect our children.
(4) that the shackles of slavery can eves be’ stronger than the quest for freedom.

Question 27.
Pick out from the passage the noun form of poor:
Answer:
poverty

Question 28.
I have the privilege of working with many courageous people who have the same aim. (Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined wofd.)
Answer:
I have the privilege of working with many people with courage who have the same aim.

Question 29.
All the great religions teach us to care for our children. (Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined words as the answer.)
Answer:
What do all the great religions teach us?

Question 30.
Find sentences in the present perfect tense from the passage:
Answer:
We have never given up against any threat.

Question 31.
Find sentences in the present perfect tense from the passage:
Answer:
(1) We have made progress.
(2) We have reduced the number……..
(3) We have prevented millions of child deaths.
(4) We have utterly failed our children…

Question 32.
Find sentences from the passage that contain infinitives.
Answer:
Let us make no mistake.

Question 33.
(1) Eighteen years ago, millions of individuals! demanded a new international law for the abolition of ’ the worst form’of child labour.
(2) Satyarthi wants to inculcate and transform individuals’ compassion into a global compassion.
Answer:
(1) A new international law for the abolition of ’ the worst form’of child labour.
(2) Individuals’ compassion into a global compassion.

Question 34.
List the examples Kailash Satyarthi gives to show how the world is interconnected.
Answer:
Kailash Satyarthi says that we live in an age of rapid globalisation. We are connected through:
(i) the high-speed internet
(ii) the exchange of goods and services in one single global market and
(iii) the thousands of flights from one corner to another corner of the globe.

Question 35.
Change the following sentence into the passive voice: We can do it.
Answer:
It can be done by us.

Question 36.
Do as directed:
We are connected through high-speed internet. (Frame a Wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer.)
Answer:
How are we connected?

Question 37.
The bird said, “I am doing my bit.” (Frame 2 questions which will give the above sentence as the answer.)
Answer:
(i) Who said, “I am doing my bit.”?
(ii) What did the bird say?

Question 38.
Find an example of present perfect tense from the passage.
Answer:
…….. and it has happened, …

Question 39.
Find sentences from the passage that contain infinitives.
Answer:
(1) Let us inculcate….
(2) Let us globalise compassion.

Question 40.
Pick out from the passage the noun forms of the following words:
(i) passive
Answer:
(i) passivity

Question 41.
Rewrite the sentences as directed:
(1) I challenge the passivity and pessimism surrounding our children. (Rewrite replacing the participle with the finite verb.)
(2) Children are questioning our inaction and watching our actions. (Rewrite as a rhetorical question.)
Answer:
(1) I challenge the passivity and pessimism that surrounds our children.
(2) Aren’t children questioning our inaction and watching our actions? ‘

Question 42.
Find an example of present perfect tense from the passage:
Answer:
….. yet have never tasted chocolate…

Question 43.
Find sentences from the passage that contain infinitives.
Answer:
(1) If we are to teach real peace…
(2) We shall have to begin …….
(3) ….let us unite the world….
(4) ….the power to shake the whole world…
(5) …will we allow to go without rescue….

Question 44.
Explain why the eight-year-old girl’s question shakes Mr. Satyarthi.
Answer:
The eight-year-old girl’s question shakes Mr. Satyarthi because he realizes that we are doing too little too late for the exploited children of this world. Our collective inaction is robbing them of their childhood and allowing them to be exploited.

Question 45.
What was the response of the boy’s father? What was Satyarthi’s reaction to it?
Answer:
The boy’s father said that he had never thought about the fact that his son was working outside the gate of the school and not studying with the others in the school. His answer made Satyarthi angry at that time and still makes him angry.

Question 46.
Choose the correct verb forms of the following from the given options:
(1) slavery: (a) sloven (b) slave (c) enslave.
(2) bold: (a) bolden (b) embolden (c) embold.
Answer:
(1) enslave
(2) embolden.

Question 47.
Pick out from the following the words formed by using a prefix:
(1) illiteracy
(2) innovative
(3) invest
(4) abuse.
Answer:
(1) illiteracy
(4) abuse.

Question 48.
Replace the modal auxiliary in the following sentences with another showing obligation:
(1) All of us must stand with our children.
(2) We must keep our promises.
Answer:
(1) All of us ought to stand with our children.
(2) We ought to keep our promises.

Question 49.
Find a sentence in the present perfect tense from the passage:
Answer:
I have never thought about it.

Question 50.
Find sentences from the passage that contain infinitives.
Answer:
(1) … to put an end to all forms….
(2) … must work together to accelerate action…
(3) I gathered the courage to ask the boy’s father.
(4) We are born to work.

Question 51.
Do you think that it is possible to stop child labour in our country?
Answer:
Yes. If the government is determined enough, it can be done. The programme to eradicate small pox was conducted on a war footing, and we have managed to eradicate small pox from our country., In the same way, if a programme to educate children is conducted on similar lines, we will be able to send all our children to school and stop child labour.

Question 52.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) Mr Satyarthi’s vision as a child was a vision of the future, of the cobbler boy sitting’ with him in his classroom.
(2) The foreign activists of equal rights mentioned in the speech are Nelson ivfandela and Martin Luther King.
(3) Mr Satyarthi requests the listeners to put their hands close to their hearts, close their eyes and feel and listen to the child inside them.
(4) According to Mr. Satyarthi, thousands of Mahatma Gandhis. Nelson Mandelas and Martin Luther Kings are calling on us.
Answer:
(1) A vision of the future, of the cobbler boy sitting’ with him in his classroom.
(2) Nelson ivfandela and Martin Luther King.
(3) their hands close to their hearts, close their eyes and feel and listen to the child inside them.
(4) thousands of Mahatma Gandhis. Nelson Mandelas and Martin Luther Kings are calling on us.

Question 53.
Complete the chart with the speaker’s words:
Answer:

Question 54.
Pick out from the passage the verb form of emocracy
Answer:
democratise

Question 55.
As a child, I had a vision of tomorrow. (Rewrite as a complex sentence.)
Answer:
When I was a child. I had a vision of tomorrow.

Question 56.
Find an example of present perfect tense from the passage:
…that tomorrow has become today
Answer:
has become

Question 57.
Find sentences from the passage that contain infinitives.
Answer:
(1) …for every child to have a right to life….
(2) I want you to see and feel this…
(3) I request you to put your hand….
(4) let us democratise knowledge…universalise justice….globalise compassion…let us march….

Question 58.
What is your vision of tomorrow?
Answer:
My vision of tomorrow is of an India where there is no corruption and no poverty. In my vision of India everybody can live a life of comfort and ease.

Question 59.
(1) Write two compound words of your own.
(2) Pick out an infinitive from the lesson and use it in your own sentence.
(3) Find out five hidden wordš from the given word : intergovernmental.
(4) Use the following phrase in your own sentence: in small groups
(5) Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentence: Let us made no mistake, great challenges still remain.
(6) Identify the type of sentence: We have utterly failed our children in imparting education.
(7) Write the following words in alphabetical order: invisibility, innocence, deliberations, expenditure
(8) Write the present and past participles of a verb where the last letters are doubled:
(9) Complete the word chain using nouns from the lesson: shackles →s_ _ _e, →e_ _ _e, → e_ _ _e, → e_ _ _n
Answer:
(1) classroom, motherland.
(2) to teach: Someone needs to teach her what is right and wrong.
(3) intergovernmental: governmental, meant, government, internal, train
(4) The hikers waited in small groups at the base camp.
(5) Let us make no mistake, great challenges still remain.
(6) Assertive sentence
(7) deliberations, expenditure, innocence, invisibility.
(8) plot: plotting, plotted.
(9) shackles → sense → expense → essence → education

Question 60.
(1) Use the following word and its homophone in two separate sentences: peace
(2) Prepare a word register of 4 abstract nouns from the lesson.
(3) He asked me, “What is my fault?”(Rewrite in reported speech.)
Answer:
(1) (i) We said a prayer for world peace, (ii) We are missing one piece of their saw puzzle.
(2) Abstract nouns: knowledge,ustice, compassion, prosperity, slavery, liberty, violence, peace.
(3) He asked me what his fault was.

Question 61.
(1) Use both the given words in a single meaningful sentence: privilege, progress.
(2) Analyse the sentence: I refuse to accept that all the laws and constitutions, police andudges, are unable to protect our children.
Answer:
(1) Today, we have the privilege of witnessing the progress our country is making.
(2) Complex Sentence: I refuse to accept – Main Clause; that all the laws and constitutions, police andudges, are unable to protect our children – subordinate noun clause.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.3 Stephen Hawking Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 3.3 Stephen Hawking

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 3.3 Warming Up Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Get into pairs and match the prominent personalities with the disabilities they had :

‘A’	‘B’
(1) John Milton	(a) The great German composer and musician who became deaf at the age of 28 years.
(2) Beethoven	(b) The great English poet who became blind at the age of 43 years.
(3) Stephen Hawking	(c) An American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor, had a learning disability.
(4) Walt Disney	(d) Famous scientist of the 20th century who was paralyzed.
(5) Albert Einstein	(e) Great inventor who has over 1000 patents had a learning disability and became deaf.
(6) Thomas Edison	(f) Great 20th Century scientist and noted physicist who had a learning disability.
(7) Hellen Keller	(g) Dancer whose leg had to be amputated because of an accident.
(8) Sudha Chandran	(h) Was blind and deaf.
(9) Tanay Grey-Thompson	(i) Had polio and was elected as the President of the United States for four terms.
(10) Franklin Roosevelt	(j) Is a wheelchair racer.

Answer:

A	B
(1) John Milton	(b) The great English poet who became blind at the age of 43 years.
(2) Beethoven	(a) The great German composer and musician who became deaf at the age of 28 years.
(3) Stephen Hawking	(d) Famous scientist of the 20th century who was paralyzed.
(4) Walt Disney	(c) An American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor, had a learning disability.
(5) Albert Einstein	(f) Great 20th Century scientist and noted physicist who had a learning disability.
(6) Thomas Edison	(e) Great inventor who has over 1000 patents had a learning disability and became deaf.
(7) Hellen Keller	(h) Was blind and deaf.
(8) Sudha Chandran	(g) Dancer whose leg had to be amputated because of an accident.
(9) Tanay Grey-Thompson	(j) Is a wheelchair racer.
(10) Franklin Roosevelt	(i) Had polio and was elected as the President of the United States for four terms.

Question 2.
Word Building.
(a) Reduplication : The root/stem of a word is repeated exactly the same or with a slight change.
For example,

• tweet-tweet,
• pitter-patter,
• chit-chat,
• bang-bang,
• riff-raff.

Answer:
(a) Reduplication : bow-wow; hee-haw; cheep! cheep; chomp-chomp; ping-pong

(b) Blending : Parts of two or more words combine to form a new one.
For example,

• breakfast + lunch = brunch
• smoke + fog = smog
• motor + hotel = motel

Answer:
(b) Blending : bionic, carjack, Chunnel, cineplex, cyborg, emoticon, infotainment, internet, liger (lion + tiger), netizen, telethon, vidiot, workaholic

(c) Clipping : Reducing a word to one of its syllables or a part of it.
For example, l Mathematics – Maths

• Advertisement – Ad
• Laboratory – Lab

Answer:
(c) Clipping : exam, gym (gymnasium), ‘flu (influenza), gas (gasoline), memo (memorandum)

(d) Acronym : Words formed from the first letter of each of the words involved.
For example, l radar, scuba, Unicef, Nasa

• BBC, CID, USA, ATM, VIP
• DOB, KYC, PM, GN, TY etc.

Answer:
(d) Acronym : laser, CD-ROM, IOU, K9, PIN

In your notebook, write five examples of each of the above types of word-building devices. (You may take the help of a Dictionary/Internet)

Night of the Scorpion Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Question 1.
Observe the time line and search the occurances according to it. Prepare a chart.

Answer:

Question 2.
Make a list of books written by Stephen Hawking.

Name of the book	What’s in it? (topics covered)	His contribution to the world
1. …………………………..	(a) …………………………..
2. …………………………..	(b) …………………………..
3. …………………………..	(c) …………………………..
4. …………………………..	(d) …………………………..

Answer:

His Name of the What’s in it?	contribution book (topics covered)	His contribution to the world
1. A Brief History of Time	overview of space and time, existence of God and the future	an account of cosmology for the masses
2. The Universe in a Nutshell	guide to cosmology’s big theories	illustrated, easier to understand
3. A Briefer History of Time	touched upon the newest developments in the field like the String theory	simplified the original work’s core concepts

Question 3.
Make a list of Hawking’s physical inabilities after 1963.
(a) …………………………..
(b) …………………………..
(c) …………………………..
(d) …………………………..
(e) …………………………..
(f) …………………………..
Answer:
Hawking’s physical inabilities after 1963
(a) could not go anywhere except on a wheelchair
(b) an ever-worsening physical state
(c) needed someone 24/7 to manage his care and. work
(d) except for feeding himself and getting out of bed, had need of assistance for virtually everything else
(e) speech increasingly slurred, finally lost his voice for good
(f) ability to do his work in peril

Question 4.
Shape your mind. Complete the network of cluster diagram with the name of great personalities and their contribution.

Answer:

Question 5.
Complete the following web.

Answer:

Question 6.
Explain how the life of Stephen Hawking proves the proverb ‘Every cloud has a silver lining’. Write it down in your notebook.
Answer:
Every cloud has a silver lining.
This proverb ‘Every cloud has a silver lining’ means that you should never feel hopeless because difficult times always lead to better days. Difficult times are like dark clouds that pass overhead and block the sun. But at the same time, on the outer edge of the clouds you will invariably observe a silver lining that provides some measure of light and hope.

The problems and difficulties that we face in life are like those dark clouds. Stephen Hawking started experiencing problems with his health while he was barely 21, a student at Oxford. On occasion he would trip and fall, or slur his speech. Later on, he was diagnosed with ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. It was a disease in which the nerves that controlled his muscles were shutting down. He was given two and a half years to live. But as we know -he went on to live more than a half century beyond.

Thanks to an early diagnosis, advanced medical treatment and complete support from family, friends and students, he lived a full life and made major contributions to existing theories in physics and cosmology. These, in fact, were the silver linings that brightened what would otherwise have been a lacklustre life.

The life of Stephen Hawking proves that even though the difficulty we face might seem enormous, there is always hope, there are always ways to circumvent them and to keep on achieving and contributing to the world.

Question 7.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Justify your stand/answer by quoting a line from the text.
(a) Stephen Hawking was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.
(b) Hawking believed that man cannot live on other planets in the future.
(c) Though Hawking lost control over his body, he writes with a prolific rate with the help of assistants.
(d) Hawking has written or co-written more than 25 books.
Answer:
(a) No, I do not agree.
The line from the text justifying this stand is Eventually, however, doctors did diagnose Hawking with the early stages of ALS.

(b) No, I do not agree.
The line from the text justifying this stand is He’s convinced that time travel is possible and that humans may indeed colonize other planets in the future,

(c) Yes, I do agree.
The line from the text justifying this stand is Through the program and the help of assistants, Stephen Hawking has continued to write at a prolific rate.

(d) No, I do not agree.
The line from the text justifying this stand is Over the years, Stephen Hawking has written or co-written a total of 15 books.

Question 8.
The following incidents in Stephen Hawking’s life are given in jumbled order. Arrange the incidents in proper sequence as per their order of occurrence in Hawking’s life.
(a) Hawking’s book ‘The Universe in a Nutshell’ offered an illustrated guide to cosmology’s big theories.
(b) Hawking published the book ‘A Brief History of Time’ that offered an overview of space and time.
(c) Hawking was unable to attend a conference in Arizona.
(d) Hawking was diagnosed with ALS while studying cosmology at the University of Cambridge.
(e) Hawking published ‘A Brief History of Time’ that contained the newest development.
Answer:
(c) Hawking’s book ‘The Universe in a Nutshell’ offered an illustrated guide to cosmology’s big theories,
(d) Hawking published the book ‘A Brief History of Time’ that offered an overview of space and time.
(b) Hawking was unable to attend a conference in Arizona.
(a) Hawking was diagnosed with ALS while studying cosmology at the University of Cambridge.
(e) Hawking authored ‘A Briefer History of Time’ that contained the newest developments.

Question 9.
Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the Verbs as per the Subject :
(1) Mother ………………………………… a good meal. (cook/cooks)
(2) Mother and her daughter ………………………………… a good meal. (cook/cooks)
(3) The rise and fall of the Empire ………………………………… recorded in History. (is/are)
(4) Neither Ritesh nor Alok ………………………………… well. (play/plays)
(5) Either of the two ………………………………… guilty. (is/are)
(6) Everyone ………………………………… mistakes. (make/makes)
(7) That news ………………………………… published today. (is/are)
(8) Eight lakh rupees ………………………………… a big amount. (was/were)
(9) The Committee ………………………………… approved of it. (has/have)
(10) The cost of all the goods ………………………………… risen. (has/have)
Answer:
(1) cooks
(2) cook
(3) is
(4) plays
(5) is
(6) makes
(7) is
(8) was
(9) has
(10) has

Question 10.
From the following sentences, underline the Nouns and encircle their Determiners that specify the noun in a noun phrase.
(articles/possessive pronouns/demonstratives or quantifiers)
(1) He lost his voice for good.
(2) Over the years, Hawking has written 15 books.
(3) These three books articulate his search for science’s Holy Grail.
(4) A few events prevented him from despondency.
(5) That dream made him realize it.
Answer:

Question 11.
Complete the information from following graphic organiser and prepare summary.

Summary Maker

Title of the text :
(a) Name of the personality : ………………………………………………..
(b) Age : ………………………………………………..
(c) Books (As Author) : ………………………………………………..
(d) Field of Excellence : ………………………………………………..
(e) Achievements : ………………………………………………..
Answer:

Title of the text	Stephen Hawking
Name of the personality	Stephen Hawking
Age	born 8 January 1942
Books as author	‘A Brief History of Time’ ‘The Grand Design’ ‘The Universe in a Nutshell’ ‘A Briefer History of Time’ ‘Black Holes and Baby Universes’
Film	‘The Theory of Everything’
Field of excellence	Theoretical Physics, Cosmology
Achievements	Albert Einstein Award, 1978; Co-founder of Microsoft Research

Question 12.
You have come to know from the text that ‘The Theory of Everything’ is a film describing the life and work of Stephen Hawking. Watch the film on internet and write a complete review of it. You can take help of the following points while writing the review of the film.
(1) Title
(2) Characters
(3) Story
(4) Dialogues
(5) Picturisation
(6) Music
(7) Special features (if any)
(8) Opinion / Views
(9) Message/Moral values.
Answer:
The Theory of Everything – Movie Review
The movie ‘The Theory of Everything’ is based on ! the life of Stephen Hawking. He was diagnosed with ALS at the age of 21, but because of the love of fellow Cambridge student, Jane Wilde, whom he married, he went on to secure achievement after achievement and began to be called the successor to Einstein.

He and Jane defy terrible odds and break new ground In the fields of medicine and science, achieving more than either could hope to Imagine. Hawkings physical decline weakens his already frail body. His mind, on the other hand, remains sharp, always in pursuit of that single equation that would explain the elusive ‘Theory of Everything’. Right up to his mid-seventies, Stephen Hawking has no plans to retire.

The dialogue smoothly carries the narrative forward, at times Indulging In monosyllabic repartee, which, at times, provides crisp tongue-in-cheek humour. It is a very enjoyable film. It is tasteful and engaging and beautiful visually.

The music, which is quite haunting, was nominated for the best musical score at the Oscars.

The film has been criticised for harping on the theme of ‘Time’ throughout, and for being too sentimental!

However, its message that a person can accomplish much in one’s lifetime despite being afflicted with a severe physical disability is universally relevant. Moral values of love and loyalty permeate the film and thus makes it a’treat to watch.

Question 13.
Answer in one word
(1) At what age was Stephen diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
(2) Over the years, how many books has Stephen written or co-written?
(3) When did Stephen catapult to international prominence?
(4) In which year was his life story depicted?
Answer:
21
15
1988
2014

Question 14.
(a) Hawking’s book ‘A Brief History of Time’ spent more than four years atop the ‘London Sunday Times’.
Answer:
(a) Hawking’s book ‘A Brief History of Time’ spent more than four years atop the ‘London Sunday Times’.

Question 15.
Observe the timellne and search from the passage the occurrences according to It. (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 16.
Complete the table with relevant information about Hawking: (The answer is given directly.)
Answer:

Books	Films
(1) A Brief History of Time	The Theory of everything
(2) The Universe in a Nutshell
(3) A Briefer History of Time

Question 17.
Write from the passage words for
(a) status
(b) summary
(c) people
(d) immediate.
Answer:
(a) status – prominence
(b) summary – overview
(c) people – masses
(d) immediate – instant.

Question 18.
Find out the antonyms from the passage for the following
(i) worst
(ii) exclude
(iii) duplicate
(iv) oldest
Answer:
(i) worst x best
(ii) exclude xinclude
(iii) duplicate x original
(iv) oldest x newest

Question 19.
(1) He was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (Rewrite using the present perfect tense of the underlined part.)
Answer:
He has been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Question 20.
It has sold millions of copies worldwide and been translated into more than 40 languages. (Change into a simple sentence)
Answer:
Having sold millions of copies worldwide, it has been translated into more than 40 languages.

Question 21.
The short informative book became an account of cosmology. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
The short informative book became an account of cosmology, didn’t it?

Question 22.
Stephen Hawking wps a versatile personality. Justify.
Answer:
Stephen Hawking was a versatile personality. He has not only done groundbreaking work in physics and cosmology but also written or co-written 15 books. He worked as a professor of mathematics for a long time. He used to attend various conferences and could think in 11 dimensions.

Question 23.
Fill in the blanks (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) Hawking claimed that he could think in …………… dimensions.
(b) ……………. is the study of the big. …………….. is the study of the small.
(c) ………………. is a single unifying theory that can combine cosmology with quantum mechanics.
Answer:
(a) 11
(b) Cosmology, Quantum Mechanics
(c) Science’s Holy Grail

Question 24.
*(1) Record the occurrence according to the time chart (The answer is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 25.
Complete the table
Answer:

Name of Hawking’s book	Central Idea	Conclusion
The Grand Design	God could not have created the universe.	The Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of laws of physics and nothing more.

Question 26.
Complete the following: What is Hawking convinced of?
Answer:

Question 27.
(1) Write words ending in ‘-ity’ using the words given
(a) unify
(b) possible
(c) compatible
(d) inevitable.
Answer:
(a) unify – unity
(b) possible – possibility
(c) compatible – compatibility
(d) inevitable – inevitability.

Question 28.
Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B

‘A’	‘B’
(a) unifying	(a) agreeable
(b) compatible	(b) unavoidable
(c) inevitable	(c) unplanned
(d) spontaneous	(d) joining

Answer:

(a) unifying	(d) joIning
(b) compatible	(a) agreeable
(c) inevitable	(b) unavoidable
(d) spontaneous	(c) unplanned

Question 29.
Write sentences using the given phrases
(a) lay out
(b) be the consequence of
(c) is compatible with.
Answer:
(a) I want you to lay out your plans for the future before you graduate.
(b) Your present sad condition is the consequence of your past bad habits.
(c) “The king’s view on this topic is compatible with mine,” said the queen.

Question 30.
Hawking spoke against the idea. (Rewrite using ‘did not’.)
Answer:
Hawking did not speak in favour of the idea,

Question 31.
State the function of the underlined auxiliaries
(a) Humans may colonize other planets in the future.
(b) The universe can create itself from nothing.
(c) The universe will create itself from nothing.
Answer:
(a) may – possibility
(b) can – ability
(c) will – future action/prediction.

Question 32.
Add question tags
(a) The Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of the laws of physics.
(b) There is something rather than nothing.
Answer:
(a) The Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of the laws of physics, wasn’t it?
(b) There is something rather than nothing, isn’t there?

Question 32.
Do you believe that there is a God? Why?
Answer:
I believe that there is a God. This world had to have had a Creator. There is infinite variety of creation all around us and it is not possible that all of it came on its own.

Question 33.
The Big Bang was a natural occurrence.
Answer:
In the context of the passage, yes, I agree. The line from the text justifying this stand is The Big Bang was the inevitable consequence of the laws of physics and nothing more.

Question 34.
Arrange the following in order of occurrence
(a) Hawking is admitted into a medical clinic.
(b) Hawking notices problems with his physical health while at Oxford and later at Cambridge.
(c) Hawking undergoes a series of tests.
(d) Hawking’s father takes him to see a doctor.
(e) Hawking’s father takes notice of the condition.
Answer:
(b) Hawking notices problems with his physical health while at Oxford and later at Cambridge,
(e) Hawking’s father takes notice of the condition,
(d) Hawking’s father takes him to see a doctor.
(a) Hawking is admitted into a medical clinic.
(c) Hawking undergoes a series of tests.

Question 35.
Fill in the blanks in the boxes (The answers are given directly.)
(a) Two scientists other than Stephen Hawking mentioned in this passage are ………………….. and Lou Gehrig.
(b) Hawking was ……………… years old when he was admitted Into a medical clinic.
(c) Hawking first began to notice problems with his physical health while he was at …………………..
Answer:
(a) Sir Isaac Newton
(b) 21
(c) Oxford

Question 36.
Complete the following map:
Answer:

Question 37.
Complete the following:
(a) A decade is a period of ………………….
(b) ……………. refers to the formless matter supposed to have existed before the creation of the universe.
(c) To ……………. one’s speech is to speak (words) indistinctly so that the sounds run into one another.
Answer:
(a) 10 years.
(b) Chaos
(c) slur

Question 38.
The Grand Design was Hawking’s first major publication in almost a decade.
Answer:
The Grand Design was Hawking’s first major publications in almost a decade.

Question 39.
Hawking first began to notice problems with his physical health while he was at Oxford.
(Frame a ‘Wh-’ question to get the underlined part as answer.)
Answer:
When did Hawking first begin to notice problems with his physical health?

Question 40.
He would trip and fall or slur his speech. (Rewrite using ‘not only … but also …’.)
Answer:
He would not only trip and fall but also slur his speech.

Question 41.
He didn’t look into the problem until 1963. (Rewrite without ‘didn’t’.)
Answer:
He avoided looking into the problem until 1963.

Question 42.
(1) You must have suffered from some illness or sickness. Mention two or three symptoms.
That I was an atypical case.
Answer:
Once I suffered from a viral infection of the throat. It began with a slight irritation in the throat. Then there was pain and I found difficulty in swallowing food and even water. I developed high fever, a runny nose and even had fits of shivering. I visited a doctor’ who confirmed the illness and who prescribed tablets for the cure.

(2) Explain in your own words the following statement made by Stephen Hawking
That I was an atypical case.
Answer:
Stephen Hawking describes how after undergoing a series of tests at the hospital, it became clear that he had a physical condition called Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In fact, the doctors made it clear that his was a very unusual case, and not representative of a type, group or class.

Question 43.
(1) The following incidents in Stephen Hawking’s life are given in jumbled order. Arrange the incidents in proper sequence as per their order of occurrence in Hawking’s life
(a) At college, Hawking was bored with life.
(b) Hawking reflected on the condition of the boy suffering from leukemia.
(c) After the diagnosis, Hawking went on to became a noted scientist.
Answer:
(a) Hawking reflected on the condition of the boy suffering from leukemia.
(b) At college. Hawking was bored with life.
(c) After the diagnosis, Hawking went on to became a noted scientist.

Question 44.
In the mid-1970’s what did the Hawking’s family do?
Answer:
In the mid-1970’s, the Hawking family had taken in one of Hawking’s graduate students to help manage his care and work.

Question 45.
What effect did the incidents mentioned below have on Hawking?

(a) Hawking saw a boy in the same room he was in suffering from leukemia.
Answer:
Hawking reflected that his situation seemed more tolerable.

(b) Hawking had a dream that he was going to be executed.
Answer:
Hawking realized that there were still things to do with his life.

Question 46.
Why was Hawking forced to use a wheelchair?
Answer:
Hawking was forced to use a wheelchair because physical control over his body had diminished becoming completely despondent.

Question 47.
Only those who knew him well could understand him. (Rewrite using ‘no one’.)
Answer:
Other than (Apart from) those who knew him well, no one could understand him.

Question 48.
The resulting situation required 24-hour nursing care for the acclaimed physicist. (Underline the words used as adjectives.)
Answer:
The resulting situation .required 24-hour nursing care for the acclaimed physicist.

Question 49.
Fill in the blanks (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) For 30 years, Stephen Hawking held the post of ………………….
(b) Stephen Hawking selected his words with a ………………..
(c) Stephen Hawking failed to appear at the conference because of a ………………
(d) ……………… remains a constant anxiety.
Answer:
(a) Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge.
(b) hand-held clicker.
(c) chest infection.
(d) Hawking’s health

Question 50.
The following incidents in Stephen Hawking’s life are given in jumbled order. Arrange the incidents in proper sequence as per their order of occurrence in Hawking’s life
(a) Hawking was rushed to hospital.
(b) Hawking’s predicament caught the attention of a California computer programmer.
(c) Hawking announced that he was retiring.
Answer:
(a) Hawking’s predicament caught the attention of ; a California computer programmer.
(b) Hawking announced that he was retiring.
(c) Hawking was rushed to hospital.

Question 51.
What do Stephen Hawking’s works include?
Answer:
Stephen Hawking’s works include numerous scientific papers as well as information for the non- scientific community.

Question 52.
Complete the following.
Answer:

Question 53.
Record the occurrence according to the time chart (The answer is given directly.)
Answer:
2009 – Hawking failed to appear at a conference in Arizona because of a chest infection.

Question 54.
Find evidences of Stephen Hawking’s special life.
Answer:
(a) Hawking used a computer speaking program to select words on a screen that were then passed through a speech synthesizer.
(b) Hawking directed the program through a cheek muscle attached to a sensor.
(c) Hawking had virtually lost all control of his body.

Question 55.
Explain the life of Stephen Hawking with reference to the following statement:
Hawking’s health, of course, remains a constant concern.
Answer:
Due to his physical condition, Hawking’s health is always a source of worry. There are times when his body is not able to cope with the physical challenges of a routine day. There are times when his health deteriorates to such an extent that he has to be rushed to hospital. Despite all this, he continues to share his ideas with the world.

Question 56.
Guess the meaning of predicament.
Answer:
a difficult or unpleasant situation.

Question 57.
Write the adjective forms of:
(a) infection
(b) office.
Answer:
(a) infectious
(b) official.

Question 58.
Write from the last paragraph phrases that give an indication of Stephen Hawking’s health situation.
Answer:
a constant concern, a worry, rushed to the hospital, ‘gravely ill’, make a full recovery

Question 59.
Underline the determiners. (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Today, with virtually …………. control of ………….. body gone, Hawking directs ……………. program through ………….. cheek muscle attached to ………… sensor.
Answer:
all
his
the
a
a

Question 60.
Pick out the verbs and state the tense.
(a) Stephen Hawking has continued to write at a prolific rate.
(b) He had already announced he was retiring.
Answer:
(a) has continued – Present perfect
(b) had – announced – Past perfect.

Question 61.
He failed to appear at a conference. (Rewrite using ‘not’.)
Answer:
He did not appear at a conference.

Question 62.
Pick out the prepositions
(a) Hawking directs the program through a cheek muscle attached to a sensor.
(b) He was rushed to the hospital for being what ! the university officials described as being ‘gravely ill’.
Answer:
(a) through, to
(b) to, for, as.

Question 63.
(1) Write two compound words of your own
(2) Pick out the present participle and use it in a sentence He has done groundbreaking work in physics and cosmology.
(3) Spot the errors in the sentence and rewrite the sentence It been translated into many than 40 languages.
(4) Frame a sentence using the given phrase to look into
(5) Identify the sentence Hawking’s health, of course, remains a constant concern.
(6) Write the present participle verb form of the given words (a) simplify, (b) argue
(7) Arrange the words in alphabetical order speech, spontaneous, space, spine
(8) Write two hidden words in the word international
Answer:
(1) noteworthy, worldwide (humankind, handheld)
(2) Present Participle groundbreaking Sentence C V Raman carried out groundbreaking work in the field of light scattering.
(3) It has been translated into more than 40 languages.
(4) The teacher said he would look into the matter of the missing chocolates.
(5) Assertive Sentence.
(6) (a) simplifying (b) arguing
(7) space, speech, spine, spontaneous
(8) inter, intern (nation, national)

Question 64.
(1) Write a word that sounds the same as the given word and make sentences with both the words allowed
(2) Complete the word chain of nouns from the lesson. cosmology y………….. …………… …………..
(3) Prepare a word register of 4 words for the given word time.
(4) Rewrite using the indirect form of narration. “Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing,” Hawking said.
Answer:
(1) allowed – He allowed the students to take a break. aloud – He was angry when the student spoke aloud.
(2) cosmology, years, scientist, time, existence
(3) time age, day, date, year, (month, clock, tide, moment, second, present, past, future, term, hour, era, century, interval, tempo, week)
(4) Hawking said that because there was a law such as gravity, the universe could and would create itself from nothing.

Question 65.
(1) Change to the comparative degree It is the highest civilian award in the US.
(2) Use the given word as a noun and verb in sentences focus
Answer:
(1) It is the higher than any other civilian award in the US.
(2) focus (a) After Std. X, you must focus on your career, (verb)
(b) Never lose focus of your goals in life, (noun)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Solutions Lokbharti Chapter 7 खुला आकाश Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Hindi Lokbharti Chapter 7 खुला आकाश

Hindi Lokbharti 10th Std Digest Chapter 7 गिरिधर नागर Textbook Questions and Answers

सूचना के अनुसार कृवियाँ कीविए:
(1) प्रहवलका पूण् कीविए:

उतर:

(2) कृवि पूण् कीविए:

उतर:

(3) आकृवि मे वलखिए:

उतर:

(4)

उतर:

(5) लखिए:
a.

उतर:

b.

उतर:

भाषा हबंदु
(1) हनम्हलखखत संहध हिचछेद की संहध कीहजए और भेद हलखखए:

उतर:

संधि शब्द	संधि विच्छेद	संधि भेद
(i) सज्जन	सत् + जन	व्यंजन संधि
(ii) नमस्ते	नमः+ ते	विसर्ग संधि
(iii) स्वागत	सु + आगत	स्वर संधि
(iv) दिग्दर्शक	दिक् + दर्शक	व्यंजन संधि
(v) यद्यपि	यदि + यपि	स्वर संधि
(vi) दुस्साहस	दुः + साहस	विसर्ग संधि

(2) हनम्हलखखत शब् का संहध हिचछेद कीहजए और भेद हलखखए:

उतर:

संधि विच्छेद	संधि शब्द	संधि भेद
(i) दुः +  लभ	दुर्लभ	विसर्ग संधि
(ii) महा +  आत्मा	महात्मा	स्वर संधि
(iii) अन् +  आसक्त	अनासक्त	स्वर संधि
(iv) अंतः +  चेतना	अंतश्चेतना	विसर्ग संधि
(v) सम् +  तोष	संतोष	व्यंजन संधि
(vi) सदा + एव	सदैव	स्वर संधि

(3) हनम्हलखखत आकृहत मे हदए गए शब् का हिचछेद कीहजए और संहध का भेद हलखखए:

उतर:

संधि शब्द	संधि विच्छेद	संधि भेद
(i) दिग्गज’	दिक् + गज	व्यंजन संधि
(ii) सप्ताह	सप्त + अह	स्वर संधि
(iii) निश्चल	निः + चल	विसर्ग संधि
(iv) भानूदय	भानु + उदय	स्वर संधि
(v) निस्संदेह	निः + संदेह	विसर्ग संधि
(vi) सूर्यास्त	सूर्य + अस्त	स्वर संधि

(4) पाठो मे आए संहध शब् छाँटकर उनका हिचछेद कीहजए और संहध का भेद हलखखए।

संधि शब्द	संधि विच्छेद	संधि भेद
(i) निर्जीव	निः + जीव	विसर्ग संधि
(ii) संभव	सम् + भव	व्यंजन संधि
(iii) उज्ज्व	लउत् + ज्वल	व्यंजन संधि

Hindi Lokbharti 10th Textbook Solutions Chapter 7 खुला आकाश Additional Important Questions and Answers

गद्यांश क्र.1
कृति 1: (आकलन)
(1) आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

(2) उत्तर लिखिए: (बोर्ड की नमूना कृतिपत्रिका)

उत्तर:

कृति 2: (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

‘बढ़ती हुई जनसंख्या का मनुष्य जीवन पर प्रभाव’ के बारे में आपके विचार 25 से 30 शब्दों में लिखिए। (बोर्ड की नमूना कृतिपत्रिका)
उत्तर:
आज लगभग सभी देशों की जनसंख्या में बढ़ोत्तरी हो रही है। यह जनसंख्या वृद्धि आज संसार के समक्ष एक समस्या बन गई है। सभी देशों के संसाधन सीमित हैं और बढ़ी हुई जनसंख्या की माँग विशाल है, जिसकी पूर्ति करना संभव नहीं है। इसी का परिणाम है कि आज लोगों के सामने बेकारी की समस्या उत्पन्न हो गई है। जनसंख्या वृद्धि के कारण कृषि पर आधारित लोग परेशान हैं। खेती योग्य जमीन बँटती जा रही है।

अब वह इतने लोगों को रोटी देने में असमर्थ हो गई है। गाँवों की आबादी का बोझ शहरों पर आ पड़ा है। यहाँ शहरों में बेकारी की समस्या है। यहाँ भी लोग रोटी, कपड़ा, मकान की समस्याओं से जूझ रहे हैं। लोग गंदी बस्तियों में रहने के लिए मजबूर हैं। न इतने लोगों के लिए ढंग की शिक्षा व्यवस्था उपलब्ध हो पा रही है और न ही चिकित्सा व्यवस्था।

बढ़ती जनसंख्या ने देश की अर्थव्यवस्था बिगाड़ दी है। इस पर अंकुश लगाकर ही इस समस्या से छुटकारा पाया जा सकता है। तभी मनुष्य के जीवन स्तर में भी सुधार हो पाएगा।

गद्यांश क्र.2
प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)
(2) सही विकल्प चुनकर वाक्य फिर से लिखिए:
(i) बिलकुल चुपचाप बैठकर सिर्फ ………………………… बारे में सोचें। (मेरे/अपने/सबके)
(ii) दूसरों की सोच-समझ पर ………………………… रखें। (भरोसा/प्रेम/संदेह)
(iii) ………………………… अन्य नहीं, अंतमय है, हमारे ही प्रतिरूप, हमसे अलग या भिन्न नहीं। (दूसरा /सब/वह)
(iv) ………………………… तरह सारे मनुष्य केवल मनुष्य होते और कुछ नहीं। (इसी/उसी/किसी)
उत्तर:
(2) (i) बिलकुल चुपचाप बैठकर सिर्फ अपने बारे में सोचें।
(ii) दूसरों की सोच-समझ पर भरोसा रखें।
(iii) दूसरा अन्य नहीं, अंतमय है, हमारे ही प्रतिरूप, हमसे अलग या भिन्न नहीं।
(iv) उसी तरह सारे मनुष्य केवल मनुष्य होते और कुछ नहीं।

कृति 2: (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

‘आत्मचिंतन के लाभ’ विषय में अपने विचार 25 से 30 शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर:
आत्मचिंतन यानी स्वयं के विषय में चिंतन करना। आत्मचिंतन का अर्थ है किसी कार्य को करने या होने के बाद उसे करने के लिए अपनाई. गई क्रिया और विचार पद्धति का विश्लेषण। आत्मचिंतन के द्वारा हमें अपनी गलतियों से सीखने, साथ ही अपने किए गए कार्य को और बेहतर ढंग से करने का मौका मिलता है। किसी भी व्यक्ति को कोई दूसरा जितना सिखा सकता है, उससे कहीं अधिक वह अपने स्वाध्याय एवं आत्मचिंतन के द्वारा सीख सकता है। इस प्रक्रिया में हम शांत भाव से बैठकर किसी समस्या या मुद्दे के बारे में चिंतन कर सकते हैं।

छात्र जीवन में तो इसकी और भी अधिक आवश्यकता है। अपनी क्षमताओं के विषय में अच्छी तरह जाने-समझे बिना हम लक्ष्य निर्धारित कर लेते हैं। शीघ्रातिशीघ्र उसे प्राप्त कर लेना चाहते हैं और बाद में भटक जाते हैं। इसलिए पहले आत्मचिंतन करें, स्वयं को जानें, फिर लक्ष्य प्राप्ति का प्रयास करें।

गद्यांश क्र. 3
प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित गद्यांश पढकर दी गई ‘सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)
(1) उत्तर लिखिए:

उत्तर:

कृति 2: (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

‘जीवन की सार्थकता के विषय में अपने विचार 25 से 30 शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर:
ईश्वर ने हमें सर्वश्रेष्ठ योनि अर्थात मानव योनि में जन्म दिया है। हमारा कर्तव्य है कि हम मानव जाति के लिए कुछ अच्छा कार्य करें। हमें जितनी आयु मिली है, वह समय हम अच्छे कार्यों को करने में लगाएँ। कुछ ऐसा काम करें जिससे समाज और देश का हित हो।

कुछ लोग समय की कमी की बात करते हैं। लेकिन यदि कुछ करने की लगन हो तो समय आड़े नहीं आता। स्वामी विवेकानंद 40 वर्ष की आयु से भी पहले इस संसार से चले गए। ईसा मसीह का 30 वर्ष की आयु में ही प्राणांत हो गया। रामानुजम, रानी लक्ष्मीबाई, नेपोलियन, सिकंदर और अन्य अनेक अल्पायु में ही इस असार संसार को छोड़ गए, फिर भी मानव इतिहास में, ये महापुरुष अपनी छाप छोड़ गए।

सीमित समय में भी जितना अधिक-से-अधिक अच्छा हो सके, हमें देश व समाज के कल्याण के लिए कुछ सकारात्मक अवश्य करना चाहिए।

गद्यांश क्र. 4
प्रश्न.
निम्नलिखित पठित गद्यांश पढ़कर दी गई सूचनाओं के अनुसार कृतियाँ कीजिए:

कृति 1: (आकलन)
(1) आकृति पूर्ण कीजिए:

उत्तर:

(2) जोड़ियाँ मिलाइए:

अ	आ
(i) शौक	भविष्य
(ii) एकनिष्ठ	गुलाम
(ii) उज्ज्वल	रास्ते
(iv) दरजनों	सेवा

उत्तर:

अ	आ
(i) शौक	रास्ते
(ii) एकनिष्ठ	सेवा
(iii) उज्ज्वल	भविष्य
(iv) दरजनों	गुलाम

कृति 2: (स्वमत अभिव्यक्ति)

→ ‘जो हम शौक से करना चाहते हैं, उसके लिए रास्ते निकाल लेते हैं, इसका सोदाहरण अर्थ 25 से 30 शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर:
जिन कामों या चीजों का हमें शौक होता है, जिसमें हमारी रुचि होती है, उसके लिए हम समय, विधा सब निकाल लेते हैं। रुचि सफलता की वाहक है। हम सभी अपनी रुचि के कामों को करते समय उसमें डूब जाते हैं। उसी का परिणाम होता है सफलता। शिक्षा काल में जिस विषय में हमारी रुचि होती है, उसे पढ़ने में हम सारी रात भी जग लेते हैं, जबकि किसी ऐसे विषय की पुस्तक खोलते ही आँखें नींद से भर आती हैं, जो हमें पसंद न हो।

व्यायाम, तैराकी, बागवानी, चित्रकला, गायन, वादन आदि ऐसे अनेक कार्य हैं, जिनका यदि शौक हो तो मनुष्य घंटों बिताने पर भी उनसे ऊब अनुभव नहीं करता। किसी भी काम में सफलता प्राप्त करने के लिए उसमें रुचि होना परम आवश्यक है। बिना रुचि के आगे बढ़ने की संभावना बहुत कम होती है। जिस काम में हमारी रुचि होती है, उसे करने के लिए हम अपनी सारी ऊर्जा लगा देते हैं। न दिन देखते हैं, न ही रात। थकान शब्द तो मानो हमारे शब्दकोश में कभी था ही नहीं।

→ ‘कंप्यूटर ज्ञान का महासागर’ विषय पर तर्कपूर्ण चर्चा कीजिए।
उत्तर:
कंप्यूटर इस पृथ्वी पर कल्पवृक्ष के समान है। जीवन का कोई भी ऐसा क्षेत्र नहीं है, जहाँ इसका महत्व न हो। सूचना के क्षेत्र में कंप्यूटर के कारण अद्भुत क्रांति आ गई है। इंटरनेट इसकी अनुपम देन है। दुनियाभर की जानकारी हम मिनटों में प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। यह एक सेकंड में दस हजार करोड़ गणितीय गणना कर सकता है।

चाहे मौसम का पूर्वानुमान हो या प्राकृतिक गैस और खनिज भंडारों का पता लगाना हो, रेलगाड़ियों और हवाईजहाजों का आरक्षण कराना हो या संसारभर की जानकारी प्राप्त करनी हो, कंप्यूटर के द्वारा घर बैठे हम मिनटों में कर सकते हैं। यह समय-समय पर भौगोलिक सूचनाओं से संबंधित जानकारी भी देता है। मुद्रण व प्रसारण के क्षेत्र में इसका योगदान असीमित है।

कंप्यूटर एक चालक की भाँति वायुयान का संचालन करता है। चालक के बटन दबाते ही कंप्यूटर स्वयं गति और दिशा का निर्धारण कर लेता है। शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में तो आज कंप्यूटर एक अनिवार्यता बन गया है।

→ महानगरीय/ग्रामीण दिनचर्या के लाभ तथा हानि के बारे में अपने अनुभव के आधार पर लिखिए।
उत्तर:
गाँवों में आज भी खुला आसमान है। वहाँ का वातावरण शुद्ध, प्रकृति की गोद में है, जबकि महानगरों में आसमान दिखाई नहीं पड़ता। बड़े पैमाने पर वाहनों से होने वाला प्रदूषण, लगातार होने वाला शोर, भीड़ और धुआँ असहज महसूस कराता है। भीड़भाड़, ट्रैफिक जाम, और अपराध महानगरों में रोज की बात है। गाँवों में एक प्रकार का ठहराव है। शाम ढलते ही चारों ओर एक प्रकार का सन्नाटा पसर जाता है।

जबकि, महानगरों में जीवन हर समय गतिमान रहता है। देर रात तक ऑफिस, दुकानें खुली रहती हैं। बस, ट्रेन, टैक्सियाँ, स्कूटर्स सड़कों पर दौड़ते रहते हैं। गाँवों में धूप, हरियाली और शांति का आनंद प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। लोग आज भी गर्मजोशी से मिलते हैं। एक-दूसरे के दुख-तकलीफ में काम आते हैं। महानगरों में बहुत-से लोग पड़ोसी तक को नहीं पहचानते। दोस्तों, रिश्तेदारों के लिए समय नहीं निकाल पाते।

यहाँ लोगों के पास पैसा है, सुविधाएँ हैं, पर शांति कोसों दूर है। ग्रामीण लोगों का जीवन महानगरों की भागदौड़ से दूर एवं प्रकृति के करीब होता है। दूसरी ओर महानगरों में लोग हमेशा समय को पकड़ने के लिए दौड़ते रहते हैं। अति व्यस्तता के कारण तनाव, फिर स्वास्थ्य। संबंधी विभिन्न परेशानियाँ उन्हें घेर लेती हैं।

अपवठि ग‍दयांश

नम्वलखिि पररचछे‍ पढ़कर सूचना के अनुसार कृवियाँ कीविए:

हर फकसी को आतमरक् करनी होगी, हर फकसी को अपना कत्यय करना होगा। मै फकसी की सहायता की प्राशा नही करता। मै फकसी का भी प्राह नही करता। इस दुफनया से मदद की प्र्या करने का मुझे कोई अफधकार नही है। अतीत मे फिन लोगो ने मेरी मदद की है या भफ‍व् मे भी लोग मेरी मदद करें, मेरे प्र उन सबकी करुण मौिूद है, इसका दा‍व कभी नही फकया सकता। इसीफलए मै सभी लोगो के प्र फचर कक तज ञँ।

तुमहारी पररफस्फत इतनी बुरी देखकर मै बेहद फचंफतत हँ। लेफकन यह लो फक-‘तुमसे भी जयादा दुखी लोग इस संसार मे है। मै तुमसे भी जयादा बुरी पररफस्फत मे हँ। इंग् मे सब कुछ के फलए मुझे अपनी ही िेब से खच् करना पड़ता है। आमदनी कुछ भी नही है। लंदन मे एक कमरे का फकराया हर सप्ह के फलए तीन पाउंड होता है। ऊपर से अनय कई खच् है। अपनी तकलीिो के फलए मै फकससे फशकायत करू? यह मेरा अपना कम्यल है, मुझे ही भुगतना होगा।’

(फ‍ववकानंद की आतमकथा से)

(1) कृवि पूण् कीविए:
1.

2.

(2) उतिर वलखिए:
1. पररचछेद मे उखलिखत देश – [ ]
2. हर फकसी को करना होगा – [ ]
3. लेखक की तकलीिे – [ ]
4. हर फकसी को करनी होगी – [ ]

(3) वन‍देानुसार हल कीविए:
(अ) वनम्वलखिि अर् से मेलनेला शब् उपयु्थ् पररचछे‍ से ढूँढ़कर वलखिए ः
1. स्वं की रक् करना – …………………………….
2. दूसरो के उपकारो को मानने ‍वला – …………………………….

(4) लंग पहचानकर वलखिए:
1. जेब [ ]
2. साहित्य [ ]
3. दावा [ ]
4. सेवा [ ]

खुला आकाश Summary in Hindi

विषय-प्रवेश : प्रस्तुत पाठ डायरी विधा का एक उदाहरण है। कुँवर नारायण जी ने इस पाठ के माध्यम से नगरों की भीड़, वहाँ की जीवन-शैली, जीवन के संघर्ष, आत्मचिंतन आदि पर प्रकाश डाला है। लेखक मानते हैं कि व्यक्ति के विकास में आत्मचिंतन का बड़ा महत्त्व है। इसके द्वारा हम अपनी क्षमताओं के बारे में और अधिक जान सकेंगे। साथ ही अपनी गलतियों से सीख ले सकेंगे।

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.6 Science and Spirituality Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 2.6 Science and Spirituality

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.6 Warming Up Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Get into pairs/groups and match the columns:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) Science	(a) The study of the basic nature of knowledge, reality and existence, especially as an academic subject.
(2) Religion	(b) The study of nature of God and religious belief.
(3) Spirituality	(c) The intellectual and practical activities in a systematic study of structure and behaviour of the natural world through experiment and observation.
(4) Philosophy	(d) The belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power God.
(5) Theology	(e) The quality of being more concerned with the human spirit as opposed to material or physical things.

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) Science	(c) The intellectual and practical activities in a systematic study of structure and behaviour of the natural world through experiment and observation.
(2) Religion	(d) The belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power God.
(3) Spirituality	(e) The quality of being more concerned with the human spirit as opposed to material or physical things.
(4) Philosophy	(a) The study of the basic nature of knowledge, reality and existence, especially as an academic subject.
(5) Theology	(b) The study of nature of God and religious belief.

Question 2.
Given below are some incomplete Quotes. Complete them choosing from the words SCIENCE /RELIGION /SPIRITUAL and make them meaningful:

• ………………………….. without religion is lame; without science is blind. ………………………….. has outrun our power, we have guided missiles, but misguided man.
• On a ………………………….. journey, we all have the same destination.
• ………………………….. is meant to awaken man’s love for his Source – God!
• ………………………….. provides a means of with the Creator of Heaven and Earth, in the language of your heart and soul.
• ………………………….. is a beautiful gift to humanity; we should not distort it.

Answer:

• Science, Religion
• Science, Spiritual
• Spiritual
• Religion
• Religion
• Science

Question 3.
What’s the difference between science and technology? Discuss in pairs and tell your answer to the class.
Answer:
We generally assume that science and technology mean almost the same thing. HowSver, there is a difference. The goal of science is the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake while the goal of technology is to turn the scientific knowledge into industrial and commercial use. Simply put, technology is the practical application of science,

Question 4.
Do you think that science and faith are both important in our lives? Why? Discuss in your group and give a small presentation in front of the class.
Answer:
Yes, both science and faith are important in our lives. There is no contradiction between the two. Both genuinely seek the truth. Science explores the truth about the material and physical world. Faith introspects on the spiritual aspects including the Self and the Creator. Science helps us understand the physical structure of the universe, while faith deals with human values and morals. Both complement each other. In the words of Einstein, ‘Science without religion is lame; religion without science is blind.’

Question 5.
We need science

Answer:

Question 6.
Refer to a dictionary to find out the meanings of the following words.

• Spirit- a person’s mind or feelings or soul.
• Spiritual
• Spirituality
• Spiritualism
• Spiritualist

Answer:

• Spiritual – relating to or affecting the human spirit or soul, as opposed to material or physical things
• Spirituality – the quality of being concerned with the human spirit, or soul, as opposed to material or physical things
• Spiritualism – a system of belief or religious practice based on supposed communication with the spirits of the dead, especially through mediums
• Spiritualist – an advocate of the doctrine that the spirit exists as distinct from matter, or that spirit is the only reality

Science and Spirituality Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Question 1.
(A) Read ‘Part I’ and match the words in Column ‘A’ with associating words given in Column ‘B’.

No	‘A’		‘B’
(i)	Science and faith	(a)	Created by fact and faith
(ii)	Science	(b)	Success of societies
(iii)	Better Planet	(c)	Betterment of humanity
(iv)	Creations and Discoveries	(d)	Believers of science and religions
(v)	Conflict	(e)	Solves questions, discovers truth, conceives inventions

(i) …………………………..
(ii) …………………………..
(iii) …………………………..
(iv) …………………………..
(v) …………………………..
Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
(1) Science and faith	(a) Success of societies
(2) Science	(e) Solves questions, discovers truth, conceives inventions
(3) Better Planet	(a) Created by fact and faith
(4) Creations and Discoveries	(c) Betterment of humanity
(5) Conflict	(d) Believers of science and religions

(B) Read ‘Part II’. Go through the given statements and say whether you agree or disagree to each of them.
(a) The Space Research set up facility was planned at Allapi, Kerala – …………………………..
(b) The person who could help and can be contacted was the Bishop – …………………………..
(c) It was quite easy to relocate so many people and destroy religious institutions for space-research centre – …………………………..
(d) Dr. Kalam joined ISRO in 1970 – …………………………..
(e) Science and spirituality seeks prosperity of the human life – …………………………..
Answer:
(a) Disagree
(b) Agree
(c) centre Disagree
(d) Disagree
(e) Agree

(C) Go through ‘Part III’ and complete the following statements.
(a) The essence of a happy life and a peaceful society lies in one sentence – …………………………..
(b) To keep this planet liveable and the human race thriving, we have to …………………………..
(c) Mahaswamiji’s greatest contribution is the …………………………..
(d) We can remove the  our souls by …………………………..
(e) The narrator, Srijan, realised that through Dr. Kalam’s words of wisdom …………………………..
(f) Mahaswamiji possesses powers that kept him so strong were ………………………….. or
Answer:
(a) The essence of a happy life and a peaceful society lies in one sentence – ‘What can I give’.
(b) To keep this planet liveable and the human race thriving, we have to replace this attitude of ‘what can I take’ with the goodness of
(c) Mahaswamiji’s greatest contribution was the establishment of a free residential education system for more than nine thousand children in the ashram.
(d) We can remove the impurities obscuring our souls by living pure and ethical lives and by serving humanity.
(e) The narrator, Srijan, realized that through Dr Kalam’s words of wisdom he was getting to learn from countless great minds.
(f) The narrator (Srijan) said this to Dr Kalam ‘ while discussing the Mahaswamiji’s 102nd birthday i celebrations.

2. Choose the correct alternative for the given statements.
(A) Dr. Kalam’s father was an …………………………. .
(a) teacher
(b) scientist
(c) farmer
(d) imam.
Answer:
(d) imam.

(B) Dr. Kalam’s friends discussed on …………………………. .
(a) science and technology
(b) discoveries and inventions.
(c) science and spirituality
(d) community’s problems and solutions.
Answer:
(c) science and spirituality

(C) According to Dr. Kalam, the need that is felt more than ever is ………………………….. .
(a) a laboratory to conduct experiments.
(b) a new technology to find results.
(c) a dialogue among cultures, religions and civilizations.
(d) a dialogue between people of different professions.
Answer:
(c) a dialogue among cultures, religions and civilizations.

(D) Dr. Kalam’s father was a symbol of ………………………….. .
(a) trust and faith.
(b) simplicity and divinity
(c) teacher and disciple.
(d) father and friend.
Answer:
(b) simplicity and divinity

(E) Spirituality takes care of ………………………….. .
(a) education, teaching and learning.
(b) science, technology and sci-fi.
(c) confusion, misery or failure.
(d) crime, illiteracy and child labour.
Answer:
(c) confusion, misery or failure.

(F) How can academic brilliance diminish?
(a) by disturbance and frustration.
(b) by going off track
(c) by a coating of dust.
(d) by losing focus and seriousness.
Answer:
(d) by losing focus and seriousness

(G) What was most astonishing about 102 year old Swamiji?
(a) He was a great speaker and orator.
(b) He was a great scientist.
(c) He was a great admirer of technology.
(d) He looked as steady and alert as any other youngster.
Answer:
(d) He looked as steady and alert as any other youngster.

(H) What Dr. Kalam gathered while swimming in silence at the shores of Mahapragyaji?
(a) beautiful sea shores
(b) tree lined beaches
(c) sands of conscience
(d) beautiful sun-set.
Answer:
(c) sands of conscience

Question 3.
Among the three parts, there are people who touched and influenced the life of Dr. A. P. J. Kalam in one or the other ways. Complete the web chart by writing the names of such people.
Answer:
Kalam In one way or the other were:

Question 4.
Write the significance of the following years, as given in the text.
1960 ……………………………
1970 ……………………………
1980 ……………………………
2009 ……………………………
2012 ……………………………
Answer:
1960 → Is significant as Dr Kalamoined ISRO that year.
1970 → Dr Kalam made his first unsuccessful launch.
1980 → Dr Kalam made his first successful launch.
2009 → The writer graduated from IIMA and met Dr Kalam
2012 → The writer was discussing with Dr Kalam the number of Ph.D’s he (Dr Kalam) had received.

Question 5.
Who said to whom and when?
(a) “Can we give up God’s abode for such a great scientific mission ?”
…………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
Reverend Father Pereira said this to „the people in the Church, one Sunday. On the previous day, Dr Sarabhai and Dr Kalam had approached him to request the people to give up the church land for the building of a space research centre.

(b) “And then God will shine through us.”
…………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
Professor Satish Dhawan to Dr Kalam when ‘ they were talking about academic brilliance.

(c) “I wonder what power Mahaswamiji possesses, that keeps him so strong.”
…………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
Reverend Father Pereira said this to „the people in the Church, one Sunday. On the previous day, Dr Sarabhai and Dr Kalam had approached him to request the people to give up the church land for the building of a space research centre.

Question 6.
Answer the following in your own words, and write in your notebook.
(a) What makes Dr Kalam a humble personality?
Answer:
Even though Dr Kalam was indisputably a great scientist, he had deep faith and espoused the cause of the betterment of humanity. This shows that he was indeed a humble personality.

(b) How were different virtues inculcated in Dr Kalam?
Answer:
Dr Kalam inculcated the virtue of humility from his father who was a boatman. He learnt from his father how simplicity and divinity could go together.

(c) How did the Reverend relate and compare the work that he and Dr Sarabhai did for people?
Answer:
The Reverend said that Dr Sarabhai was a scientist. We benefit from the devices that science has developed in many ways – in our homes and in the fields of medicine and technology. A priest prays for the peace and well-being of his people. Thus both science and spirituality seek the Almighty’s blessing for the prosperity of the human mind and body. In short, both are doing the sameob.

(d) What was so remarkable about Dr Sri Sri Shivakumar Mahaswamiji?
Answer:
The remarkable aspect about Dr Sri Shivakumara Mahaswamiji was that he had dedicated his life to the service of humanity.

(e) Why is there an urgent need to replace ‘What can I take’ with ‘What can I give?
Answer:
There is an urgent need to replace ‘What can I take’ with ‘What can I give’ for the very survival of humanity. Unless we realize the gravity of the message, this planet will become a hub of environmental degradation, social evils, inequity and corruption. If we do not take up the challenge, our planet will not be liveable and the human race will not prosper.

Question 7.
In your notebook, write a short paragraph on each of the following covering up their profession and personality traits with examples.
(a) Rev. Peter Bernard Pereira
(b) Dr Sri Shivakumar Mahaswamiji
(c) Dr A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Answer:
(a) His interactions with the great scientist Professor Vikram Sarabhai and the Reverend Peter Bernard Pereira shaped Dr Kalam’s thoughts on religion.
(b) The 102nd birthday celebrations of His Holiness Dr Sri Sri Shivakumara Mahaswamiji.
(c) Dr A P Abdul Kalam was the past President of India. By the way, he was a great scientist, orator and a humanitarian.

8. Write in your own simple words what the following expressions convey in the context they occur in the text.
(a) Faith and fact can, together, create a better planet.
…………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
If people have belief in a greater power! as well as understand the truth of things that exist around them, this world will become a better place for all of us to live in harmony.

(b) Dr Kalam’s own life was nourished by multiple faiths.
…………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
This means that the life of Dr Kalam improved in quality because of the discussion he had with people of different faiths, such as the head priest of a temple who was a Vedic scholar, and a Christian priest.

(c) But there was a major roadblock.
…………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
This expression conveys the fact that something was being planned, but there were serious issues that hindered its progress.

(d) Only when the dust is removed, does the mirror shine and the reflection becomes clear.
…………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
This expression is a comparison between the mind and the mirror. The brilliance of both can be diminished by many factors that act like coatings of dust. However, when that coating is removed, both shine and radiate brilliance.

(e) Through his (Kalam’s) words of wisdom, I was getting to learn from countless great minds.
…………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
This expression first of all conveys the information that Dr Kalam himself was a very well- read person who had acquired his knowledge from innumerable great minds of the past. Further, it conveys that the speaker (Narrator; Srijan) himself received an education from Dr Kalam by association with him.

(f) He gathered the sands of conscience to be our guide, our best friend.
…………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
These words convey the idea that Dr Kalam realized that our own conscience is our guide and! best friend.

(g) ‘What can I take?’ is the thought which is responsible for all the wrong, seen around us.
…………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
These words convey the idea that when people think only in terms of what they can get S from others, it leads to every possible illegal or bad behaviour.

9. (A) From the lesson, pick out one word for each of the following.
(a) increase the speed …………………………
(b) point of view …………………………
(c) nearness in space …………………………
(d) a place of residence …………………………
(e) eager to know everything …………………………
(f) echoed loudly …………………………
(g) giving away much to the needy …………………………
(h) without making a difference …………………………
Answer:
(a) accelerate
(b) perspective
(c) proximity
(d) abode
(e) inquIsitive
(f) reverberated
(g) munificence
(h) indiscriminately

(B) Arrange the following words in the alphabetical order.

• inventions,
• indisputable,
• interactions,
• inequity,
• institutions,
• inquisitive,
• indiscriminately

Answer:

• indiscrimInately,
• Indisputable,
• inequity,
• Inquisitive,
• institutions,
• Interactions,
• Inventions.

(C) Find from the lesson the noun forms of –
1. combine …………………………
2. solve …………………………
3. simple …………………………
4. divine …………………………
5. advance …………………………
6. tranquil …………………………
7. liveable …………………………
8. strong …………………………
Answer:
1. combination
2. solution
3. simplicity
4. divinity
5. advancement
6. tranquillity
7. life
8. strength

Question 10.
Match the word connectors with reference to part I, II, III respectively. Make sentences of each of these connectors.

No	Word		Connector
1.	government	(a)	person
2.	betterment of	(b)	curbs
3.	pure and ethical	(c)	degradation
4.	community’s	(d)	launch
5.	religions	(e)	dialogue
6.	astonishing	(f)	silence
7.	technological	(g)	motivation
8.	frank	(h)	aspect
9.	social	(i)	life
10.	faith	(j)	centre
11.	inquisitive	(k)	officials
12.	academic	(l)	problems
13.	environmental	(m)	humanity
14.	pin-drop	(n)	service
15.	alternate	(o)	bodies
16.	remarkable	(p)	evils
17.	silent	(q)	advancement
18.	famished	(r)	brilliance
19.	unsuccessful	(s)	accommodation
20.	space-research	(t)	discipline

Answer:
(1) Some government officials came to our village to inspect the sanitary conditions.
(2) Gandhiji’s efforts were for the betterment of humanity.
(3) The hermit was revered for living a pure and ethical life.
(4) We formed a core team to look into the community’s problems.
(5) We need religious discipline in order to develop a clear conscience.
(6) The most astonishing aspect of this great king’s personality is his humility.
(7) The district required more skilled manpower for technological advancement.
(8) The teacher had a frank dialogue with the youth about his drug problem.
(9) He left his good secureob in order to dedicate himself to social service.
(10) In order to make progress, people should avoid conservative faith curbs.
(11) To be a good detective, ond must basically be an inquisitive person.
(12) All through his school and college days he displayed academic brilliance.
(13) Plastics are major contributors to environmental degradation.
(14) There was pin-drop silence when the sad news was announced.
(15) The owner was provided alternate accommodation until his flat was renovated.
(16) Lai Bahadur Shastri was a remarkable person.
(17) Our inner beliefs should be the silent motivation to do good to others.
(18) The communal kitchen is a great boon to famished bodies.
(19) At the first attempt it was an unsuccessful launch.
(20) ISRO is a space research centre in Bengaluru.

Question 11.
Simple sentence : subject + verb + object/complement/adverbial: Analysing a simple sentence is done by separating the subject and the predicate. The predicate is further analysed into –
(1) verb + object as in ‘A doctor treats patients’./ ‘He greeted the teacher.’
(2) verb + complement as in ‘They are very tired.’ / ‘I have a cold.’
(3) verb + adverbial as in (He walks slowly. / Raj arrived late. / The thief is hiding there.)

Say whether the predicates in the following sentences have an object/a complement/an adverbial.
(1) There was silence. …………………………
(2) Alexander Bell invented the telephone. …………………………
(3) They have a holiday. …………………………
(4) The dancer danced gracefully. …………………………
(5) The milkman comes daily. …………………………
(6) The hostess served tea. …………………………
(7) The kite soared upwards. …………………………
Answer:
(1) Complement
(2) Object
(3) Complement
(4) Adverbial
(5) Adverbial
(6) Object
(7) Adverbial

Question 12.
(A) Punctuate the following sentences to make them meaningful.
(1) dinesh took a bus that stopped at nanded railway station after crossing somvar peth
(2) dr a p j abdul kalam was the past president of india by the way he was a great scientist orator and a humanitarian
(3) nouns are of different types common proper abstract concrete material
(4) what a lot of noise you all make said the teacher cant you keep quiet for a while
(5) wow how lovely that cake looks they said we cant wait to eat it
Answer”
(1) Dinesh took a bus that stopped at Nanded railway station after crossing Somvar Peth.
(2) Dr A P J Abdul Kalam was the past President of India. By the way, he was a great scientist, orator and a humanitarian.
(3) Nouns are of different types: common, proper, abstract, concrete, material.
(4) “What a lot of noise you all make!” said the teacher, “Can’t you keep quiet for a while?”
(5) “Wow! How lovely that cake looks!” they said, “We can’t wait to eat it.”

(B) Copy the first paragraph on page 92 in your notebook, carefully. Encircle all the punctuation marks with a colored pencil/pen.
“Dear children …………………. ‘amen’.

Question 13.
Project :
Read Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s very renowned books ‘Wings of Fire’; and ‘Ignited Minds’, to find the following :
(a) Subject of the book
(b) Special features of the book
(c) Teachings/learnings/moral/message from the book
(d) Your own opinion/idea/comment on the book
Answer:
Dr A. P.. Kalam was the son of an imam, a simple fisherman. He was born in Rameswaram on 15 October 1931. He went on to become the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was widely acclaimed as the ‘People’s President’. He was particularly fond of children and youth and made himself approachable to them at all times.

He was a student of Physics and aerospace engineering. He was a scientist and science administrator mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for nearly four decades. He was intimately involved in India’s civilian space programme and military missile development efforts.

He is famous as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India’s Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the initial nuclear test by India in 1974.

He was the recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna in 1997, India’s highest civilian honour.

Amongst his writings, the most famous are ‘Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji’, and ‘India 2020’.

While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management, Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27uly 2015, aged 83. Thousands including national-level dignitaries attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.

Question 14.
(A) Draft a speech that you would give at your School Assembly convincing junior students that the secret of true happiness lies in Giving and Sharing more than in Receiving and Taking.

Write it with the appropriate steps in your notebook.
Answer:
Friends,
It is through experience I .have learned that ‘AS’ you give, so you live’.

There was a time in my life when I only wanted things. I was happy only when I received gifts. My main goal in life was to take as many things from others as I could.

But then one day, on the way to market, I saw a beggar boy running along the road. In his hand he held a loaf of bread. He ran to his mother, who was lying on the sidewalk. He sat next to her and started feeding her. It touched me deeply that this boy who must have been hungry himself, found greateroy in feeding his famished mother.

From that day onwards I started giving things to others. If I had two pens and someone wanted one, I would give it to him or her. I asked my mother to give my old clothes to a poor child from a nearby slum. For my birthday celebrations, instead of having a party, I went along with my mother to the temple and fed a line of beggars.

Giving things to others brings me greatoy and happiness. Receiving something gives temporary satisfaction. But reaching out to others and seeing them smile, sharing things with others and making it worthwhile – these are far more precious than any other personal possessions.

Thank you.

(B) Divide your class in two groups and have a Debate on the topic ‘Science and Spirituality can go hand in hand’.
Answer:
For (view):
Both science and spirituality study aspects of our world. Both require mental discipline. Both require belief in certain axioms and truths. Hence both are valid. Science is the body. Spirituality is the mind. Science explores the creations of God. Spirituality delves into the nature of God. Both are two sides of the same coin. Both complement each other.

It is inevitable therefore that science and spirituality go hand in hand.

Against (counterview):

Science requires factual knowledge. It is a component of millions of physical laws. Spirituality is a free bird that soars on the wings- of personal belief. It does not require proof. Only faith. How then can they be considered to be on the same plane? One is concrete; the other abstract. In order to draw upon spirituality, one may conjure up any image in the mind and be satisfied. Science seeks explanation in logical reasoning based upon unlimited past experiences and developed into a truth by considering experiment after experiment.

The two are poles apart and cannot go hand in hand.

Question 15.
State whether the statements are True or False:
Answer:
(a) It is necessary for science and faith to function true to their roles.
(b) Kalam’s status as a great scientist is in dispute.
(c) Both fact and faith are required for a better world.
(d) There is never any conflict between believers in science and believers in religion.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False

Question 16.
Why do science and faith have to go hand in hand?
Answer:
Science and faith must go hand in hand for the sake of human good. Science provides focus on human activities while faith gives one a perspective, which is essential for success.

Question 17.
From the passage pick out one word for each of the following:
(a) keeps something within limits
(b) unable to be challenged or doubted
Answer:
(a) curbs
(b) indisputable

Question 18.
Write the noun forms of:
(a) create
(b) coexist
(c) discover
(d) conceive
(e) accelerate.
Answer:
(a) create – creation
(b) coexist – coexistence
(c) discover – discovery
(d) conceive – conception
(e) accelerate – acceleration.

Question 19.
Faith provides perspective. (Rewrite beginning with ‘Perspective’.)
Answer:
Perspective is provided by faith.

Question 20.
Write whether the predicates in the following sentences have an object/a complement/an adverbial: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(a) This is indisputable.
(b) Science provides focus.
(c) They will work together.
Answer:
(a) complement
(b) object
(c) adverbial

Question 21.
Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
Conflict often arises between people who believe in science and people who believe in religion,

Question 22.
Which, according to you, is more important for our planet to survive – science or religion? Give your reasons in brief.
Answer:
According to me, both are important – science \ as well as religion. Science provides us with facts that tell us about our planet. Religion educates us about the proper attitude towards all things created on earth. We need both for our planet to survive. Both go hand in hand.

Question 23.
Complete the following map:
Answer:

Question 24.
Complete the following based on the passage: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
People who touched and influenced Dr A. P.. Kalam in one way or the other were:

Question 25.
Complete the following.
Answer:

Question 26.
Give evidence from the passage to show that Dr Kalam’s father combined the virtues of ‘simplicity’ and ‘divinity’.
Answer:
Dr Kalam’s father was a boatman. This was the basis for his simplicity. He was also an imam in a mosque and believed strongly in leading a spiritual life. This was the basis of his divinity.

Question 27.
Write from the passage four words that are connected with or related to religions.
Answer:
imam, mosque, Hindu, Christian (priest, temple, Vedic, reverend father, church, divinity, spiritual, spirituality)

Question 28.
Match the words in column ‘A’ with their meanings in column ‘B’:

‘A’	‘B’
(i) remembered	(a) frank
(ii) honest	(b) misery
(iii) clothes	(c) recalled
(iv) sorrow	(d) attire

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
(i) remembered	(c) recalled;
(ii) honest	(a) frank;
(iii) clothes	(d) attire;
(iv) sorrow	(e) misery.

Question 29.
Write the noun forms of:
(a) solve
(b) frank
(c) believe.
Answer:
(a) Solve – solution
(b) frank – frankness
(c) believe – belief.

Question 30.
(1) Write whether the predicates in the following sentences have an object/a complement/an adverbial:
(a) His father was a boatman.
(b) Father Bodal had built the first church.
Answer:
(a) complement
(b) object

Question 31.
Pick out the auxiliaries and state the mood:
(a) All three of them used to sit and discuss the community’s problems.
(b) Simplicity and divinity could go together.
Answer:
(a) used to – past habit
(b) could – possibility.

Question 32.
Even though his father was a boatman, Dr Kalam went on to become the President of India. (Rewrite using ‘yet’.)
Answer:
Dr Kalam’s father was a boatman, yet” he went on to become the President of India.

Question 33.
Complete the following based on the passage:
Answer:
People who touched and influenced Dr A. P.. Kalam in one way or the other were:

Question 34.
What is the significance of the year 1960 as given in the passage?
Answer:
1960 is significant as Dr Kalamoined ISRO that year.

Question 35.
Complete the following.
Answer:

Question 36.
Write from the passage words that sound the same as:
(a) grate
(b) dew
(c) wood
(d) hear
(e) two
(f) sew.
Answer:
(a) grate – great
(b) dew – due
(c) wood – would
(d) hear – here
(e) two – to
(f) sew – so.

Question 37.
Pick out from the following words that, do not begin with the prefix ‘re-’ religion, reverend, religious, research, relocate, region
Answer:
religion, reverend, religious, region

Question 38.
Match the phrases with one word from the passage:

‘A’	‘B’
(i) which is new and inexperienced	(a) proximity
(ii) a place provided for a particular purpose.	(b) fledgling purpose
(iii) something that causes delay or obstruction	(c) site
(iv) nearness in space	(d) roadblock

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
(i) which is new and inexperienced	(b) fledgling purpose
(ii) a place provided for a particular purpose.	(c) site
(iii) something that causes delay or obstruction	(d) roadblock
(iv) nearness in space	(a) proximity

Question 39.
Professor Sarabhai and his team had selected a site in Thumba, Kerala. (Pick out the subject of the sentence.)
Answer:
Professor Sarabhai and his team

Question 40.
It was here that he learnt about the true meaning of religious service.
Answer:
Where did he learn about the true meaning of religious service?

Question 41.
It would be impossible to relocate so many people. (Rewrite using ‘not’.)
Answer:
It would not be possible to relocate so many people.

Question 42.
What do you learn from this passage?
Answer:
From this passage, I learn that people belonging to different religions can come together and reach a common understanding to resolve major and sensitive issues. Religious harmony is the theme of this passage.

Question 43.
Complete the following:
(a) Reverend Father Pereira helped to solve the problem of acquiring the site.
(b) Father Pereira described the Church in three ways: (i) his abode (ii) his children’s abode (iii) God’s abode.
Answer:
(a) Reverend Father Pereira
(b) (i) abode
(ii) his children’s
(iii) God’s.

Question 44.
Go through the given statements and say whether you Agree or Disagree with each of them:
Answer:
(a) Science and spirituality seek the prosperity of human life. –
(b) Reverend Pereira absolutely refused to consider Dr Kalam’s request. –
(c) Alternate accommodation was offered only to the fishermen. – Disagree
(d) Everyone present in the church agreed to Reverend Pereira’s plea –
Answer:
(a) Agree
(b) Disagree
(c) Disagree
(d) Agree

Question 45.
Who said to whom and when? ‘Can we give up God’s abode for such a great scientific mission?’
Answer:
Reverend Father Pereira said this to „the people in the Church, one Sunday. On the previous day, Dr Sarabhai and Dr Kalam had approached him to request the people to give up the church land for the building of a space research centre.

Question 46.
Complete the following with the reference to the passage:
(1) We benefit from the devices that science has developed to light up our homes.
(2) We can talk to a large gathering and be heard using a microphone.
(3) Medical science allows doctors to diagnose and treat patients.
(4) Science and technology enhance the overall comfort and quality of human life.
Answer:
(1) to light up our homes.
(2) using a microphone.
(3) diagnose and treat patients.
(4) comfort and quality of human life.

Question 47.
Write one word for:
(a) one who follows a teacher or a leader
(b) eager to know everything
(c) a place of residence
(d) echoed loudly
Answer:
(a) discIple
(b) inquisitive
(c) abode
(d) reverberated

Question 48.
Write from the passage two words that have almost the same meaning as ‘prosperity’:
Answer:
comfort, well-being

Question 49.
Write from the passage two words that indicate noise.
Answer:
reverberated, deafening.

Question 50.
How is it possible? (Rewrite as an assertive sentence.)
Answer:
It is not possible.

Question 51.
I am able to talk to you using this mic. (Rewrite using ‘can’.)
Answer:
I can talk to you using this mic.

Question 52.
The whole church reverberated with the deafening noise of a collective ‘amen’. (Pick out the prepositions.)
Answer:
with, of

Question 53.
Add question tags:
(a) Vikram and I are doing the sameob.
(b) I am able to talk to you using this mic.
Answer:
(a) Vikram and I are doing the sameob, aren’t we?
(b) I am able to talk to you using this mie, aren’t I’

Question 54.
How did the people respond to the appeal made by Reverend Pereira? Would you give the ( same response?
Answer:
The people got up and the whole church reverberated with the deafening noise of a collective ‘amen’. Yes, if I had been part of the gathering, I too would haveoined in with a loud positive response, Considering the importance of the space research centre, I would have been willing to suffer the agony i of relocation.

Question 55.
Complete the following:
(a) We can lead a pure life by serving humanity.
(b) The philosophy of Dr Kalam had an impact on the narrator.
Answer:
(a) serving humanity.
(b) Dr Kalam

Question 56.
Who had directly influenced Dr Kalam’s beliefs?
(a) Professor Satish Dhawan
(b) Srijan
(c) God
(d) countless great minds
Answer:
(a) Professor Satish Dhawan

Question 57.
Who said the following to whom and when? “And then God will shine through us.”
Answer:
Professor Satish Dhawan to Dr Kalam when ‘ they were talking about academic brilliance.

Question 58.
Match the words in column ‘A’ with their opposites in column ‘B’: ‘

‘A’	‘B’
(i) asked	(a) increased
(ii) obscure	(b) impure
(iii) diminished	(c) clear
(iv) pure	(d) responded

Answer:

‘A’	‘B’
(i) asked	(d) responded
(ii) obscure	(c) clear
(iii) diminished	(a) increased
(iv) pure	(b) impure

Question 59.
Choose from the following words/phrases that more or less indicate the meaning of the word ‘wisdom’:
humanity, brilliance, ethical lives, academically accomplished, great minds
Answer:
brilliance, academically accomplished, great minds

Question 60.
Write the noun forms of:
(a) responded
(b) accomplished
(c) different
(d) clear t
(e) pure
Answer:
(a) responded – response
(b) accomplished – accomplishment
(c) different – difference
(d) clear – clarity
(e) pure – purity.

Question 61.
Academic brilliance is no different from the brilliance of a mirror. (Rewrite without ‘no’.)
Answer:
Academic brilliance is similar to the brilliance of a mirror.

Question 62.
God will shine through us. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
God will shine through us, won’t He?

Question 63.
He had advised me to use my degree and gold medal to transform society. (Pick out the infinitives.)
Answer:
to use, to transform

Question 64.
Name the following based on the passage. The person who touched and influenced the life of Dr APJ Abdul Kalam. –
Answer:
Dr Sri Sri Shivakumara Mahaswamiji.

Question 65.
Find evidence from the passage that indicates that Swamiji:
(a) was dedicated
(b) has inner strength
(c) contributed to the good of the society
(d) was younger than the young generation
Answer:
(a) Who has dedicated his life to the service of humanity.
(b) Swamiji stood on his feet without any support!
(c) his greatest contribution is the establishment of a free residential education. Swamiji feeds thousands of children.
(d) He looked as steady and alert as any other youngster present there.

Question 66.
Complete the following.
Answer:

Question 67.
Write a short paragraph on Dr Sri Shivakumara Mahaswamiji covering his profession and mentioning his personality traits with examples.
Answer:
Dr Sri Sri Shivakumara Mahaswamiji was a remarkable person. He had dedicated his life to the service of humanity and had established a free residential education system for more than nine thousand children. At the age of 102 he could stand without support, give a wise discourse for half an hour and then go on to feed thousands of children. He looked as steady and alert as any other youngster present there and displayed tremendous amount of inner strength.

Question 68.
Write the opposites of the following words using prefixes (un-, in-, etc.):
(a) invited
(b) remarkable
(c) humanity
(d) wise.
Answer:
(a) invited – uninvited
(b) remarkable – unremarkable
(c) humanity – inhumanity
(d) wise – unwise.

Question 69.
Guess the meanings of:
(i) genetics
(ii) googled?
Answer:
(i) genetics – heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
(ii) googled – found out information about the subject on the Google website

Question 70.
Find out the noun forms of the following from the passage:
(a) celebrated ……
(b) contribute …..
(c) educate …
(d) strong ….
Answer:
(a) celebrated – celebration
(b) contribute – contribution
(c) educate – education
(d) strong – strength

Question 71.
This display of inner strength touched Dr Kalam deeply. (Rewrite beginning ‘Dr Kalam
Answer:
Dr Kalam was deeply touched by this display of inner strength.

Question 72.
How many of these four would be able to stand tall for half an hour? (Rewrite as an assertive sentence.)
Answer:
Not many of these four would be able to stand tall for half an hour.

Question 73.
I had googled the subject beforehand. (Identify the tense of the sentence.)
Answer:
Past perfect tense

Question 74.
We were discussing this unusual birthday party. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
We were discussing this unusual birthday party, weren’t we?

Question 75.
What measures will you take to keep yourself physically and mentally fit?
Answer:
To keep myself physically fit, I will take good care of my diet and eat only healthy foods. I will exercise regularly. To keep myself mentally fit, I will try to have a positive attitude towards life, be cheerful and happy and help others.

Question 76.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Dr Kalam observed great …………………… in Swami Sivananda.
(b) Dr Kalam’s father believed in the value of …………………. .
(c) Mahaswamiji gives education to famished ……………………, food to famished ………………….. .
(d) The essence of a happy life and a peaceful society lies in one sentence – ……………………. .
Answer:
(a) tranquillity
(b) giving back
(c) minds, bodies
(d) ‘What can i give’

Question 77.
Complete the following based on the passage:
Answer:
The people who touched and influenced Dr APJ Kalam in one way or the other were:

Question 78.
Complete the following table:

Name of person	Values
(a) Pramukh Swamiji	goodness of action
(b) Professor Brahma Prakash	need for living a pure and ethical life
(c) Father Pereira and Dr Sarabhai	selflessness in service
(d) Swami Sivananda	tranquillity
(e) Dr Kalam’s father	simplicity, the value of giving back
(f) Mahaswamiji	munificence, spirit of giving.

Answer:
(a) Goodness of action
(b) Pure and ethical life
(c) Selflessness in service
(d) Tranquillity
(e) Simplicity, giving back
(f) Munificence

Question 79.
Rearrange the letters to form sensible words:
(a) y e s f i l l e t =
(b) s c e n e c o i n c =
Answer:
(a) y e s f i l l e t = lifestyle
(b) s c e n e c o i n c = conscience

Question 80.
From the lesson write one word for:
Answer:
(a) giving away much to the needy munificence
(b) the basic idea of something essence

Question 81.
Complete the following choosing from the words/phrases given below: [moral sense of right and wrong, purity, characteristic spirit of a culture, principle or belief, simplicity, peace, generosity, spirituality]
(a) A tenet is a principle or belief.
(b) Conscience is a moral sense of right and wrong.
(c) Ethos is the characteristic spirit of a culture.
(d) Tranquillity is peace.
Answer:
(a) Principle or belief.
(b) Moral sense of right and wrong.
(c) Characteristic spirit of a culture.
(d) Peace.

Question 82.
Write the noun forms of:
(a) pure
(b) settle
(c) final.
Answer:
(a) pure – purity
(b) settle – settlement
(c) final – finality.

Question 83.
Activities based on Contextual Grammar:
(1) In giving so much, he becomes strong. (Rewrite using ‘because’.)
Answer:
He becomes strong because he gives so much.

Question 84.
His munificence fuels his strength. (Rewrite beginning with ‘His strength …’.)
Answer:
His strength is fuelled by his munificence.

Question 86.
What was the secret of Mahaswamiji’s fitness even at the age of 102 years?
Answer:
Mahaswamiji was a remarkable man. He lived with the belief of giving selflessly to famished minds and bodies. By giving, he himself became stronger. His spirit of generosity increased his strength and kept him standing tall and active in life.

Question 87.
Fill in the blanks:
(1) Dr Kalam’s message made an impact on the writer because of its gravity and the challenge it posed became his silent motivation.
(2) The truth of humanity lies in the answer to the question ‘What can I give?’
Answer:
(1) gravity, challenge
(2) truth, humanity

Question 88.
What makes society corrupt and unfair?
Answer:
Society becomes corrupt and unfair when humans think they can take indiscriminately from the environment and destroy it or when they think only of what they can take from other humans.

Question 89.
Complete the following with word from the passage:
Answer:

Question 90.
Pick out the adverbs: circumspectiy, indiscriminately, inequity, gravity.
Answer:
circumspectly, indiscriminately

Question 91.
Write what the underlined auxiliaries indicate:
(a) What can I give?
(b) We have to replace this attitude …
Answer:
(a) can – ability, possibility
(b) have to – obligation, compulsion.

Question 92.
The gravity of the message struck me. (Rewrite in the passive voice.)
Answer:
I was struck by the gravity of the message.

Question 93.
What answers do you get when you ask yourself the question ‘What can I give’?
Answer:
When I ask myself the question ‘What can I give’, I get the answer that I can ‘give’ my talents, my proper moral attitudes, my efforts in the service of others, financial help according to my means …!

Question 94.
Punctuate the following sentences to make them meaningful: (Note: 1 sentence will be asked in the activity sheet.)
(1) Spot the errors and rewrite the sentence correctly: We discussing the number of Ph.D’s Dr Kalam received.
(2) Arrange the following words in alphabetical order: inventions, indisputable, interactions, inequity, institutions, inquisitive, indiscriminately.
(3) Identify the type of sentence: Within a year he wants to build scientific facilities near the sea coast.
(4) Rearrange the letters to form two sensible words:
(1) i c e g e n t s
(2) f u n m i n c e i c e
(5) Make a meaningful sentence using the phrase: to come full circle.
(6) Pick out an infinitive and use it in your own sentence: I am able to talk to you using this mic.
(7) Write two smaller words hidden in the given word: perspective
(8) Complete the following word chain with words from the lesson: church, _ _ _ _ _e,
Answer:
(1) We weref discussing the number of Ph.D’s Dr Kalam had received.
(2) indiscriminately, indisputable, inequity, inquisitive, institutions, interactions, inventions
(3) Assertive Sentence
(4) (1) genetics (2) munificence
(6) It is firstanuary, the year has come full circle.
(6) Infinitive: to talk Sentence: The headmaster wants to talk to you about the annual function.!
(7) perspective: price, respect (spice, spite)
(8) church, house, equator, religious, scientist, team, mic, culture

Question 95.
(1) Write a word that sounds the same as ‘there’ and make a sentence.
(2) Prepare a word register of eight words for the word ‘house’.
(3) Rewrite beginning with the underlined part. His team had selected a site in Thumba.
Answer:
(1) Homophone: there – their! Sentence: They wanted admission for their child,
(2) House: apartment, residence, abode, dwelling, home, habitation, domicile, lodging, settlement
(3) A site in Thumba had been selected (by his team).

Question 96.
(1) Underline the modal auxiliary and state its function: They must have come full circle.
(2) Use the word ‘benefit’ as a noun as well as a verb in sentences.
Answer:!
(1) They must have come full circle. Function: past certainty.
(2) (a) Science confers many benefits on mankind, (noun)
(b) The bonus will benefit our family in many ways, (verb)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 Disaster Management

Question 1.
Complete the table.

Answer:

Question 2.
Write notes.
a. Disaster Management Authority.
Answer:
Disaster Management Authority is the body that works at the level of government from national level to village level. This work is basically about management of any disaster and tackling the problems of the affected people. At National level there is National Disaster Management Authority for which the Prime Minister is the chairman. For every state there is State Disaster Management Authority, where the chief minister of every state is the chairman. Under the state level, there are district level units where district collector is responsible for disaster management and implementation of rehabilitation schemes. Below district level authority there are Taluka and then Village Disaster Management Committees.

The Tahsildar is the chairman for Taluka level while the Sarpanch of the village is responsible for management of disasters at village level. Collector of each district helps in planning, coordinating and controlling the implementation of rehabilitation programme and also gives essential instructions and reviews the entire system.

b. Nature of disaster management.
Answer:
Disaster management involves either prevention of disasters (Pre-disaster management) or creating preparedness to face them (Post-disaster management). The action plans are prepared for managing disasters. This is done after studying the different aspects such as preventive measures, rehabilitation and reconstruction plans. The disasters are tackled by executing action plans in the following steps: Preparation, redemption, preparedness, action during actual disaster, response, resurgence and restoration. At every level there are other voluntary organizations and Government meteorological institutions for their help.

c. Mock drill.
Answer:

• Mock drill is the practice to check whether there is preparedness for dealing with the sudden attack of disaster.
• For this purpose, virtual or apparent situations that simulate the disaster are created.
• The reaction time for any type of disaster is checked by such activity. In the presence of trained personnel, the execution of the rescue plans are observed.
• People also understand their responsibilities at the time of actual disaster.
• The experts also check execution of plan designed for disaster redressal.
• By such mock drills, the efficacy of the system can be understood. In future, when actual calamity strikes, there is already preparation for disaster redressal. Therefore, mock drill is useful.

d. Disaster Management Act, 2005.
Answer:
Government of India has made Disaster Management Act in 2005. The affected people are given all necessary help as per this act. With the humanitarian view, people are rehabilitated and helped them to come back to normalcy after the disaster.

As per this Act, National Disaster Response Force has been established. This force consists of 12 divisions in entire India which are attached with Indian Army. The headquarter is located in Delhi, but the action is taken all over the country with the help of army. As per the Act, in Maharashtra National Disaster Response Force is in action through State Reserve Polioe Force. The personnel of this force are trained accordingly, and they take part in the rescue work during different disasters.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions.
a. Explain the role of district disaster control unit after occurrence of any disaster.
Answer:
(1) District control unit looks after the ; disaster management of the district.
(2) It is immediately formed either after the impact of disaster or if warning is given about some upcoming disaster.

District-wise Disaster Control Unit performs following role:

• The review of various aspects of disasters is done.
• Through the disaster control unit there is continuous contact established with various agencies like army, air force, navy, telecommunication department, paramilitary forces, etc. for obtaining help.
• The unit also coordinates with various voluntary organizations for their help in disaster management.

b. Give the reasons for increase in human disasters after the World War-II.
Answer:

• After Second World War, the feelings of peace and brotherhood among the global citizens were lost. The geographic, religious, racial and ethnic differences sprang up tremendously.
• Atrocities that Nazi has performed made deep impact on the minds of people. Terrorism, abduction, robberies and social unrest increased in almost all the countries.
• The financial losses had incurred in the World War II. The misuse of science and technology was done to retrieve these deficits.
• At the end of World War II, the atomic bombs were dropped in Japan. This has created health problems in the entire world.
• Social inequality, economic disparity, racial and religious differences were some adversaries that created unrest in the country.
• Later, the neighbouring nations kept on fighting. The geographical boundaries were changed. People always had feelings of insecurity. The terrorism flourished. All such instances gave rise to man-made disasters.

c. What are the objectives of disaster management?
(OR)
State any four objectives of disaster management. (March ’19)
Answer:
Objectives of disaster management:

• To save human life from disasters. To help them for moving away from the place of disasters by rapid action.
• To supply essential commodities to the affected people. This helps to reduce the gravity of disaster. People are given grains, water and clothes and other basic necessities under this objective.
• To bring back the conditions of affected people to normalcy.
• To rehabilitate the affected and displaced victims.
• To think and execute the protective measures in order to develop capability to face the disasters in future.

d. Why is it essential to get the training of first aid? (July ’19)
Answer:
When there is a disaster, we need to immediately help the victim. Till the medical help arrives, one should be in position to treat the injured and save his or her life. In such cases; knowing first- aid is essential. Such kind of a need may arise in case of our parents, our siblings at home or with friends in school. Those who are injured should be treated at once. If we know about techniques of first aid, we can save such person before the medical help arrives. Therefore, it is essential to get the training of the first aid.

e. Which different methods are used for transportation of patients? Why?
Answer:
For the transportation of patients following methods are used:

• Cradle method: This method is used for children and persons with less weight.
• Carrying piggy back: This method is useful in carrying the unconscious persons.
• Human crutch method: If one leg of the person is injured, then the victim is supported with minimum load on the other leg. This is called human crutch method.
• Pulling or lifting method: For carrying an unconscious person for a short distance this method is used.
• Carrying on four-hand chair: This method is used when the support is needed for a part below waist region.
• Carrying on two-hand chair: Patients that cannot use their hands but can hold their body upright, are carried by such method.
• Stretcher: By making temporary stretcher in case of emergency, the unconscious patient can be moved. Such temporary stretchers are made by using bamboos, blanket, etc.

Question 4.
On the basis of the structure of disaster management authority, form the same for your school.
Answer:

Question 5.
Write down the reasons, effects and remedial measures taken for any two disasters experienced by you.
Answer:
Students are expected to write the answer based on their own experiences.

Question 6.
Which different aspects of disaster management would you check for your school? Why?
Answer:
For the pre-disaster management at school following aspects would be inspected.

• Are the telephones 6f the school working properly?
• Is there a first-aid box in each class?
• Are there any basic medicines in the school?
• Is the team ready for rescue of smaller children from lower classes?
• Has monitor or prefect participated in a mock drill? Does he/she know about first aid?
• Is the contact of parent representative available in emergency situations?
• Is the Medical Officer/Doctor present on the school campus?
• Is there enough drinking water and some dry snacks available in the school?
• Are the staircases and corridors suitable for quick evacuation of the children?

Question 7.
Identify the type of disaster.
a. Terrorism.
Answer:
Man-made, intentional.
Due to the activities of terrorism, many innocent lives are lost. Many are seriously injured. Some become crippled for their entire life. Buildings, monuments, vehicles everything is completely destroyed. There is rift between different religions or sects. The peaceful atmosphere is disturbed. The entire society is under the constant fear of insecurity.

b. Soil erosion.
Answer:
Natural, geophysical, geological.
When the upper fertile layer of soil is lost, it becomes barren. The trees are uprooted. The fertility of the area is lost. The land becomes unsuitable for cultivation or farming. Due to wind, flowing water or grazing animals the naturally occurring soil erosion becomes hazardous for the environment.

c. Hepatitis.
Answer:
Natural, biological, animal-origin.
Hepatitis is a viral disease which spreads through the contaminated food and water. The outburst of epidemic of hepatitis is difficult to control. As in big cities the quality of road side food is often consumed, the spread of hepatitis is. fast. People suffer due to hepatitis.

d. Forest fire.
Answer:
Natural, biological, plant-origin.
Due to heat and wind, the dry grass and the shrubs catch fire in the forests, resulting in forest fires. Such rapidly spreading forest fire can finish the biodiversity within a very short span of time. It is difficult to extinguish the naturally lit forest fires. Many trees and other vegetation, animals and birds along with their habitats are destroyed due to forest fire. The smoke emanating causes the air pollution.

e. Famine.
Answer:
Natural, climatic.
Due to famine there is severe water scarcity. In absence of water, the fields and farms become barren as the crops cannot grow without water. There is shortage of food grains. The cattle dies due to want of water and grass. Local people have to migrate in search of food, water and shelter.

f. Theft.
Answer:
Man-made, intentional.
Theft causes economic loss for the one whose money or valuables are looted. The person who suffers the loss also undergo mental and emotional shock. Sometimes the thief may also cause physical harm. It may cost on life too.

Question 8.
Some symbols are given below. Explain those symbols. Which disasters may occur if those symbols are ignored?

Answer:
The above signs are warning symbols which should never be ignored.
The meaning of each is given below. They are giving warnings about explosive, inflammable, oxidizing, compressed gas, corrosive, toxic, irritant, environmentally hazardous and health hazard.

(1) Explosive: Some materials are explosive. While handling such materials care should be taken. We should not take anything that would cause fire leading to explosion. If explosion occurs, there would be a major disaster causing great loss of life and property. Thus if this sign is seen, great care has to be taken.

(2) Inflammable: Similar to explosive substances, the inflammable materials can also catch fire easily. Therefore, to warn people such sign is given on materials that can cause hazard by burning.

(3) Oxidizing: Some chemical substances are oxidizing. They carry out chemical reactions with a rapid speed. E.g. If potassium permanganate falls on the cloth, it starts the reaction on its C-C bonds. Due to such property of carrying out reactions, the cloths may catch fire. Therefore, oxidizing substances should be handled with care.

(4) Compressed: Compressed substances are filled under pressure in some container. If mishandled, they can come out of the container by bursting it open. This can cause some injuries.

(5) Corrosive: The corrosive substances are very reactive. The mere touch of corrosive substances can cause destruction of skin, eyes, respiratory passages, digestive organs, etc. rapidly. Just touching or smelling of such substances can cause major injury and thus warning sign of corrosive substance should never be ignored.

(6) Toxic: To taste a toxic substance or even to smell it, can lead to death. The packing of these substances are therefore marked as dangerous. They should be avoided as far as possible.

(7) Irritant: When skin or any delicate part of the body comes in contact with the irritant substance, it can cause harmful reaction. Especially, eyes, nasal mucosa and skin are affected by contact with corrosive substances.

(8) Environmentally hazardous: Many sub¬stances cause harm to the environment due to their toxicity. Air, water or soil can be polluted due to such pollutants. When environment is affected, ultimately these hazardous effects come back to human species. Therefore, such substances should be carefully used. Their use should be judicious and controlled.

(9) Health hazard: The substances that can cause hazard to our health should always be distanced from us. Such substances should not be kept in proximity. As far as possible they should be kept away and handled with great care if needed for any work. Materials marked with health hazard can cause severe toxicity.

Question 9.
Explain that why is it said like that?
a. Mock drill is useful.
Answer:

• Mock drill is the practice to check whether there is preparedness for dealing with the sudden attack of disaster.
• For this purpose, virtual or apparent situations that simulate the disaster are created.
• The reaction time for any type of disaster is checked by such activity. In the presence of trained personnel, the execution of the rescue plans are observed.
• People also understand their responsibilities at the time of actual disaster.
• The experts also check execution of plan designed for disaster redressal.
• By such mock drills, the efficacy of the system can be understood. In future, when actual calamity strikes, there is already preparation for disaster redressal. Therefore, mock drill is useful.

b. Effective disaster management makes us well prepared for future.
Answer:

• Disaster can strike any time. The sudden disasters can be man-made with some bad intentions or may be accidental.
• When natural calamity strikes suddenly with a huge impact, large scale devastation of property and general environment degradation occurs along with substantial mortality of people and animals.
• Therefore, it is most appropriate to have the preparedness to reduce the impact of any future disasters.
• We cannot control the onset of the natural disaster, but we can definitely reduce the harsh effects of the disaster by following disaster management plan.

Question 10.
Complete the following chart.

Answer:

Question 11.
Following are the pictures of some disasters. How will be your pre and post-disaster management in case you face any of those disasters?

Answer:
In the pictures given, following disasters are shown:
(1) Two groups of children are fighting with each other.
(2) There is gas leakage from the LPG cylinder.
(3) There is heavy downpour due to cloud bursting which has led to waterlogging in the town.
(4) There is cyclone causing a tornado. (Commonly called a twister)

Projects:

Project 1.
Demonstrate the activities shown on page no. 106 of Std. IX Science and Technology textbook in front of the students of other classes. Make a video clip and send it to others.

Project 2.
Form a group of students from your school to demonstrate the mock drill and demonstrate it in the school

Can you recall? (Text Book Page No. 109)

Question 1.
What is disaster?
Answer:
Disaster is the incidence that occurs suddenly causing heavy damage to life and property. The disaster can be man-made or due to natural reason.

Question 2.
Which disasters have you experienced in your area?
Answer:
On September 2019, there was a heavy downpour in Pune. This disaster has been experienced recently.
On 26th November 2008 there was attack at several places by the Pakistani terrorists. The stories about the deaths and damage caused by this disaster were seen in films and learnt about this from our elders.

Question 3.
What are the effects of that disaster on local and surrounding conditions?
Answer:
Due to a heavy downpour in Pune, there was waterlogging in all the shallow areas. All the transport systems collapsed on that day. Large trees fell down injuring the people. The water logging caused condition like floods. Schools, colleges and offices were shut down. People were caught in troublesome situation.

On 26th November 2008 many innocent people lost their lives. There was tremendous damage caused to some of the important places like Taj Palace Hotel and Chabad house.

Use your brain power: (Text Book Page No. 111)

Question 1.
Depending upon information given on page 111, explain the various effects of the disaster of railway accident.
Answer:
The effects of disastrous railway accident:
The effect will be dependent upon the nature of the accident that has occurred. Whether, it is a collapse of bridge or due to derailment of the train, or due to collision of two moving trains, whether it is due to failure in signaling system, due to land slide or due to obstacle in the tunnel, that has to be understood. The impact of such railway accident will be dependent on the way that accident has occurred. Based on this impact the effects will take place.

(1) Environmental	The entire surroundings will show destruction.
(2) Administrative/ Managerial	The railway department will have stress and the time table will collapse. The regular use of tracks will hamper, resulting into delay in railway traffic.
(3) Political	Ministry of railways is considered to be responsible for the accident. Sometimes the Railway Minister resigns.
(4) Medical	The passengers commuting in the train die or suffer from serious injuries.
(5) Economic	The railways suffer huge financial loss.
(6) Social	The railway traffic is disturbed. Passengers are troubled as they get held up at some place.

Observe/Discuss:
Let’s Discuss: (Text Book Page No. 110)
Question 1.
observe the images on textbook page no. 110. whether the places of disasters are known to you? Discuss the emfects of these disasters on public lire. How people could lave been saved from these disasters? Discuss with your friends in the classroom.
Answer:
Students should discuss the disasters given in the pictures by themselves after collecting the information.

Observe: (Text Book Page No. 114)

Question 1.
Observe the disaster cycle given below and explain each aspect of the disaster of earthquake.
Answer:
The main aspects of disaster cycle to tackle disaster of earthquake are as follows:
(1) Preparation : With the help of seismograph, the warning about forthcoming earthquake can be obtained these days. The intensity of the earthquake is also predicted with the help of technology. If the estimate of the Richter scale is on the higher sides, there would be more preparatory measures taken to tackle the forthcoming problem of earthquake.

(2) Redemption: Once this information is obtained the possible impact of the earthquake on the houses, buildings, people can be studied by the geological experts. The meetings of the Disaster Management Authority will be organized for same.

(3) Preparedness: What the general public should do and what action the reserved forces should take, will be decided in case of actual incidence of the earthquake. The schemes and plans will be made ready in this direction.

(4) Impact of Earthquake: In case of disaster of earthquake, people will be helped to safety. The trapped people will be rescued. First aid and other necessary help will be provided. The data about the losses and the intensity of this disaster will be noted and reported for the further process.

(5) Response: In this phase the response of the people as well as the action of Government can be well studied. The response should be quick and positive. The maximum lives and property should be saved by such responses. The disaster of earthquake should be managed with positivity and through help given to the sufferers.

(6) Resurgence: Earthquakes can destroy the entire households or even entire community. Such homeless people should be given the place to stay. Resurgence is important phase for the national welfare. If the citizens of India are cared for, the nation too will progress.

(7) Restoration: The earthquake victims should be settled by providing them with new settlements. Sometimes, entire village is to be settled. E.g. In Latur or Kutch, there twas very large scale devastation. But Government of India as well as some NGOs helped to reconstruct the houses. In such earthquake-prone areas, houses are built in specific pattern to withstand any possible future calamities.

Observe: (Text Book Page No. 117)

Question 1.
Give the reference of following pictures and explain importance of each of those in disaster management. Which are other such activities ?

Answer:
The actions shown in the above pictures are as follows:
(a) The patient is made to lie on the stretcher. He must be unconscious and injured to greater extent, so that he cannot move by himself.
(b) The patient is helped by giving artificial respiration. Probably the victim is suffocated and needs oxygen supply.
(c) and (d) The patient is being picked up. Most probably the patient is unconscious.
The unconscious person who cannot move by himself is carried by these two methods. In method ‘c’, the weight of the patient is less and hence he can be lifted as shown in the picture. In picture ‘d’ the victim has to be lifted in other way, may be due to his greater body weight.
(e) The patient is carried on the back as in ‘carrying piggy back’ position. He too is unconscious and needs to be shifted for medical treatment.
(f) The patient in this picture is carried by ‘human crutch method’. When victim’s one leg is injured, he cannot walk without support. Hence, he needs to be carried in such a way.

In all the above methods, the injured person at the time of disaster is transported to hospital or dispensary for further medical help. The primary first-aid is given to the victim. Now the volunteer is taking him for further treatment. Such rescue activities depend upon the type of disaster and the extent of the injury. Hence the methods will be of different nature.

Let’s Think: (Text Book Page No. 111)

Question 1.
What will be the effect on yourself and surrounding, if any accident-like disaster occurs during the sports on playground or in school?
Answer:
When in school, there is an accident, first of all we get scared. But with caring help of the teacher, we will give the first aid to the injured friends by using first aid kit. If the injury is serious, we will take him to the medical centre of the school. While playing or during sports event, children flock around and make unnecessary crowding. In case of such accident, first of all the crowd will have to be dispersed. If there is major disaster, one should not fumble but manage the disaster in a wise way with the help of teachers.

Let’s Think: (Text Book Page No. 112)

Question 1.
Explain the nature and scope of the disaster of flood with the help of six points given on text book page no. 112.
Answer:
The nature and the scope of the disaster of flood can be described according to the six points:
(1) Pre-disaster phase: Due to Indian Meteorological Department the warning predictions are received before any climatic disaster strikes. If the scope of the flood is predicted to be high, then the people who may be affected by the calamity are relocated to a safer area.

(2) Warning phase: In the warning phase the Government warns the general public about the forthcoming disaster of floods through mass media like radio, television, newspapers, etc. In recent times, even the cellphone messages are sent to people for warning them. The people living in coastal areas will be worst affected and hence such people are given greater care and they are immediately made to leave their houses. They are taken to the safe places.

(3) Emergency phase: When the flood waters actually start rising up, the low-lying areas are submerged. Houses, roads and shops everything goes under water. The rescue operations are carried out by army men from National Disaster Rescue Force. They take every possible effort to rescue the trapped people. The emergency continues till the water does not recede. Later after the water starts receding, people who had been taken to places on heights, start coming back. During this phase, search, rescue operations, medical treatment, and first aid are all the aspects on which the attention is focussed.

(4) Rehabilitation phase: The people affected due to floods are given emotional and financial support. The fields, farms, houses or cattle-shed are under water. Such people are given transient accommodations. Many cattle and other animals die by drowning. Their rotting carcasses have to be disposed as soon as possible because the decaying process spreads epidemics of diseases. People are given vaccinations to protect them from diseases of such kind. Special care of young children and senior citizens is taken during this period. Supply of food and drinking water is also very important task during this time.

(5) Recovery phase: During recovery phase, the life comes gradually back to normalcy. The removal of dead, decaying material and the debris is the first priority. The water connections and electricity is restored back. Various NGOs or Government organizations provide help of various kind to the affected people. This help is to be distributed to those who are in real need. This work is also done by Disaster Management Department.

(6) Reconstruction phase: The houses and building that collapse due to floods are built back. Agricultural activities start again. Roads and water supply is once again normalized. Schools and colleges start once again. Thus, the once flood affected area comes back to routine functioning again.

Let’s Think: (Text Book Page No. 117)

Question 1.
Following are some pictures of disasters. Which precautions would you take during those disasters?

Answer:
The pictures shown above are showing earthquake, fire and snake bite respectively.
In the above disasters, the initial precautions to be taken are as follows:
(1) Earthquake: In case of earthquake, one should immediately come out of house and stand in the open ground. If this is not possible, one has to go below table or any other cover. During collapse of the building, there should not be a head injury. This precaution is basically for prevention of dangerous injuries and saving our life. Switch off the power supply. If in journey, stay inside the vehicle.

(2) Fire: First and foremost is to save ourselves from fire. Then one can help others in rescue operations. Help others to extinguish fire. Call the fire department for immediate action.

(3) Snake bite: Many a times the biting snake can be non-venomous too. But the victim is psychologically affected too. The tourniquet should be tied in the region above the snake bite. The rope, piece of cloth or even handkerchief can be used for this purpose, so that the venom, if any should not rise and reach vital organs. The wound should be made near the bite-wound so that the blood will ooze out and some venom can automatically flow out. Though these are first-aid measures, the victim should be rushed to a qualified doctor for an injection of antivenin.

Choose the correct alternative and write its alphabet against the sub-question number:

Question 1.
Disasters definitely affect the ………… of the nation.
(a) people
(b) economy
(c) security
(d) employment
Answer:
(b) economy

Question 2.
If local ………… is not strong enough, citizens become confused.
(a) leadership
(b) women
(c) politicians
(d) cattle
Answer:
(a) leadership

Question 3.
…………… problems arise diming the disaster.
(a) Local
(b) Global
(c) Administrative
(d) Private
Answer:
(c) Administrative

Question 4.
Stinking pollution caused due to decomposing corpses of humans and other animal is ………… disaster.
(a) environmental
(b) health
(c) necessary
(d) effective
Answer:
(a) environmental

Question 5.
After the subsidence of any type of disaster, rehabilitation work is started in ………… phase.
(a) later
(b) transitional
(c) terminal
(d) ultimate
Answer:
(b) transitional

Question 6.
…………. phase is highly complicated phase.
(a) Reconstruction
(b) Recycling
(c) Reuse
(d) Redevelopment
Answer:
(a) Reconstruction

Question 7.
There had been a huge ……….. in the village Malin, Tal. Ambegaon in 2014.
(a) earthquake
(b) storm
(c) landslide
(d) change
Answer:
(c) landslide

Question 8.
The atomic energy plant at Chernobyl was used only for generating ………….
(a) electricity
(b) solar power
(c) atomic energy
(d) agriculture
Answer:
(a) electricity

Question 9.
Supply of essential ………….. to the affected people can reduce the effect of the disaster.
(a) food
(b) water
(c) commodities
(d) money
Answer:
(c) commodities

Question 10.
Keeping …………. ready is a practice to check the preparedness of facing the disaster.
(a) First aid
(b) Mock drill
(c) Ambulance
(d) Fire brigade
Answer:
(b) Mock drill

Question 11.
Which of the following is man-made disaster. (March, July ’19)
(a) Earthquake
(b) Flood
(c) Meteor
(d) Leakage of toxic gases
Answer:
(d) Leakage of toxic gases

Question 12.
What should be done if gas cylinder at your house catches fire?
(a) Water should be sprinkled
(b) Sand, soil should be put on it
(c) Cylinder should be covered with wet blanket
(d) one should run away
Answer:
(c) Cylinder should be covered with wet blanket

Which type of disaster is described in the following statements:

Question 1.
On 26th July 2005, entire suburban Mumbai was waterlogged.
Answer:
Cloudbursting and severe downpour

Question 2.
Elephants in the Bandipur forest started running helter and skelter due to smoke.
Answer:
Forest fires

Question 3.
Many innocent people died in the bomb blast that occurred on 11th July 2006 in local trains.
Answer:
Bomb explosion-Terrorism

Question 4.
In Kutch, suddenly many school children were buried under the rubble.
Answer:
Earthquake

Question 5.
Because of lack of crops, people from Vidarbha are migrating to other regions.
Answer:
Dry famine

Question 6.
The huge waves in Chennai engulfed many human lives in December 2004.
Answer:
Tsunami.

Find the correlation:

Question 1.
Earthquake in recent times : Gujarat, Latur : : Devastating floods in 2018 : ………….
Answer:
Earthquake in recent times : Gujarat, Latur : : Devastating floods in 2018 : Kerala/Assam

Question 2.
Toxic gas leakage: Accidental disaster : : war : …………..
Answer:
Toxic gas leakage: Accidental disaster : : war : Intentional

Question 3.
Sun spots : Atmospheric type of disaster : : Salinization : …………..
Answer:
Sun spots : Atmospheric type of disaster : : Salinization : Geological type of disaster

Question 4.
Pre-disaster management : Preparation and warning : : Post-disaster management : ………..
Answer:
Pre-disaster management : Preparation and warning : : Post-disaster management : Resurgence and restoration.

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Column A: Disaster	Column B: Type
(1) Earthquake and volcano	(a) Animal origin
(2) Snowfall and snowstorms	(b) Geological
	(c) Climatic
	(d) Terrorism

Answer:
(1) Earthquake and volcano – Geological.
(2) Snowfall and snowstorms – Climatic.

Question 2.

Column A: Disaster	Column B: Type
(1) Aquatic weeds	(a) Animal origin
(2) Attack by locusts (insects)	(b) Plant origin
	(c) Geological
	(d) Climatic

Answer:
(1) Aquatic weeds – Plant origin
(2) Attack by locusts (insects) – Animal origin.

Question 3.

Column A: Disaster	Column B: Type
(1) Atomic tests	(a) Intentional
(2) Terrorism	(b) Unintentional
	(c) Geological
	(d) Animal origin

Answer:
(1) Atomic tests – Unintentional
(2) Terrorism – Intentional.

Question 4.

Column A: Effect	Column B: Effect
(1) Contamination of water	(a) Economical
(2) Collapsing of transport system	(b) Environmental
	(c) Administrative
	(d) Geological

Answer:
(1) Contamination of water – Environmental
(2) Collapsing of transport system – Administrative.

Question 5.

Column A: Effect	Column B: Problem
(1) Spread of epidemics	(a) Economical
(2) Shortage of funds	(b) Administrative
	(c) Medical
	(d) Physical

Answer:
(1) Spread of epidemics – Medical
(2) Shortage of funds – Economical.

Question 6.

Column A: Effect	Column B: Problem
(1) Rift due to religions	(a) Economical
(2) Citizens getting confused	(b) Social
	(c) Political
	(d) Environmental

Answer:
(1) Rift due to religions – Social
(2) Citizens getting confused – Political.

Identify the type of disaster and describe the effects of the same in brief:

Question 1.
Accident at Chernobyl.
Answer:
Man-made, unintentional. At Chernobyl in Russia there was the atomic energy plant, where disastrous accident took place. The radiations emitted through the reactors caused tremendous radiation pollution. These hazardous effects are even seen today.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
When there are riots, the cities, towns or villages show signs of tense atmosphere.
Answer:

• During riots, there is financial loss for all the rioting groups.
• The belongings, houses, shops, etc. are destroyed or damaged.
• Property is looted. There is no guarantee of safety and security for anyone.
• Women and children suffer the most as they are easily victimized. Therefore, when there are riots, the cities, towns or villages show signs of tense atmosphere.

Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
which are the disaters that make Impact for longer duration? Give examples.
Answer:
Those disasters that make the impact for long duration and those disasters, whose after-elfbcts are either severe are long term disasters. Their severity increases with thme. Such disasters are famine, various problems of growth of crop, strikes of workers, rising levels of oceans, desertification, etc.

Question 2.
What types of disaster are the following? Explain their impacts.
(a) Floods (b) War. (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)
Answer:
(a) Flood is geophysical climatic disaster.
(b) War is man-made intentional disaster.

Impact of flood : The low-lying and the coastal areas are seen to be submerged. The entire region is waterlogged.
Impact of war: Tremendous destruction causing loss. Many lives are lost. The costs of all the items rise due to war conditions. Entire nation faces insecurity.

Question 3.
Explain in brief the sensitive issues of general public about disaster.
(OR)
Which are the three aspects of disaster tjiat are important for common citizens?
Answer:
The phase of emergency, transitional phase and reconstruction phase are the three phases of disaster that are important for common citizens.

(1) Phase of emergency: If timely and rapid action is taken during this phase, maximum lives can be saved. Search and rescue operations, medical help, first aid, restoring communication services, removing the people from affected area are done during this phase. The gravity of disaster can be estimated during this phase.

(2) Transitional Phase: The disaster subsides and then the work of transitional phase starts. The main concern is rehabilitation work for the affected and displaced people. This work includes clearing of debris, restoring water supply, repairing roads, etc. to bring normalcy in public life. Help from different voluntary and Government institute is taken to offer the monetary provision and essential commodities to affected victims. Permanent means of livelihood is given to the people to reduce their mental and emotional stress. The victims are truly rehabilitated.

(3) Reconstruction Phase: Reconstruction phase is a highly complicated phase which actually overlaps with transition stage. Help is offered to people to reconstruct their buildings. Other facilities like roads and water supply are restored. Farming practices are restarted. It is a very gradual phase that makes the victims to completely rehabilitate.

Question 4.
What are the objectives of mock drill?
Answer:
Objectives of Mock Drill:

• To evaluate the response of the people to the disaster.
• To improve the coordination between various departments of disaster control.
• To identify one’s own abilities if disaster approaches.
• To improve the ability to quick response to disaster and taking rapid action.
• To check the competency of the planned actions.
• To identify the possible errors and risks while dealing with disasters.

Question 5.
Write down the names of international organizations that work for disaster management.
Answer:
Following international organizations work for disaster management.

• United Nations Disaster Relief Organization
• United Nations Centre for Human Settlements
• Asian Disaster Reduction Centre.
• Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre.
• World Health Organization.
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Question 6.
The building in which you are residing ( has caught fire on the ground floor. What necessary rescue steps will you take? (July ’19)
Answer:

• We shall call out for help.
• We shall immediately call fire brigade.
• We shall try to extinguish fire with the help of other people.
• We will give first aid to people who are injured, fill the medical help arrives.
• We will cover our nose and mouth with moist cloth to prevent suffocation.

Write short notes:

Question 1.
Pre-disaster management.
Answer:
The management measures taken before onset of a disaster is called pre-disaster management.
In pre-disaster management, complete preparation and planning to face any type of disaster is done. For this purpose, following steps are taken.

• Identifying the areas where the disaster can strike. Such disaster-prone areas are to be thoroughly studied.
• Through predictive intensity maps and hazard maps, the information is collected about the intensity of disaster and probable sites of disasters respectively.
• Special training for disaster management is given to the concerned people.
• The mass awareness is created about disaster management through training programmes, mass media and internet, etc.

Question 2.
Post-disaster management.
Answer:
The management measures taken after the striking of a disaster is called post-disaster management.
Following steps are taken during post-disaster management:

• Helping the victims of disasters by giving all possible help needed for their survival.
• Local people are trained to take part in the disaster management so that affected people can be saved rapidly.
• Establishing the help centres that could provide all the necessary help. Such centres will be different in case of different disasters.
• Collection and categorization of the material received from control centre for helping the victims. Distributing the same and reviewing the measures continuously.
• Disaster rescue programmes are mainly focused.

Some symbols are given below. Explain those symbols. Which disasters may occur if those symbols are ignored?

Question 1.
Write what the signs indicate:

Answer:

• Figure A indicates inflammable substances. They can catch fire if they come in contact with oxygen-rich air.
• Figure B indicates corrosive substances which can cause damage to tissues of skin, eyes and other delicate organs etc.
• Both the symbols are warning signs for people to keep away or handle carefully such substances.

Question 2.
What does the symbols below indicate? Write in brief. (Board’s Model Activity Sheet)

Answer:
(1) Symbol ‘A’ indicates Irritant. When skin or any delicate part of the body comes in contact with the irritant substance, it can cause harmful reaction. Especially, eyes, nasal mucosa and skin are affected by contact with corrosive substances.
(2) Symbol ‘B’ indicates toxic substance. To taste a toxic substance or even to smell it, can lead to death. The packing of these substances are therefore marked as dangerous. They should be avoided as far as possible.

Complete the paragraph by choosing the appropriate words given in the brackets:

(Capability, Rehabilitation, Commodities, Human, objectives, normalcy, amusements)
The ………. of disaster management comprise of the following aspects …………. life is saved from the disasters. People are helped to move away from the place of disasters. They are given essential ……….. by the government so that the gravity of disaster is reduced. The disaster conditions are brought back to ………… of the affected and displaced victims is done. Moreover, protective measures for future are also planned to develop ………… among the people to face any possible disasters in future.
Answer:
The objectives of disaster management, comprise of the following aspects. Human life is saved from the disasters. People are helped to move away from the place of disasters. They are given essential commodities by the government so that the gravity of disaster is reduced. The disaster conditions are brought back to normalcy. Rehabilitation of the affected and displaced victims is done. Moreover, protective measures for future are also planned to develop capability among the people to face any possible disasters in future.

Paragraph based questions:

1. Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below:
Disasters can be properly classified into three categories, viz. natural disasters, technological disasters and man-made disasters. The forces that cause natural disasters cannot be controlled. Moreover, they are becoming more frequent in the current years due to phenomena of climate change. On and off incidences of cyclones, cloud bursting, floods, etc. am creating havoc in the lives of people. Technological disasters are due to improper and callous behaviour at the different processes carried out in technical establishments. Man-made disasters are conflicts arising due to different religions, regions and-terrorism.

Questions and Answers:

Question 1.
What are three broad areas of disasters?
Answer:
Natural disasters, technological disasters and manmade disasters are three broad areas of disasters.

Question 2.
Which disasters cannot be controlled? Why?
Answer:
Natural disasters cannot be controlled as they are due to natural phenomena beyond the human power to stop them.

Question 3.
Which type of disasters were very common in Western Maharashtra in recent times? Why?
Answer:
Cloud bursting and floods were very common in Western Maharashtra caused due to climate change.

Question 4.
Give any one example of technological disaster that shook the entire India.
Answer:
Bhopal gas tragedy that occurred in 1984 was a worst disaster that shook the entire India.

Question 5.
Which types of disasters can be controlled in order to lead happy, peaceful and secured life? How?
Answer:
We have to control manmade disasters such as wars, riots, terrorism, etc. by having peaceful negotiations, respect for each human being and feeling of brotherhood among all.

Questions based on tables and charts:

Question 1.
Complete the chart: (Text Book Page No. 111)
Different problems occur with disasters. In the concept map different effects are mentioned. Read it and fill the blank places.
Answer:
(Answers are given directly in bold.)

Question 2.
Complete the chart: (Text Book Page No. 117)
Complete the chart as per the objectives of the first aidr:t
Answer:
(Answers are given directly in bold.)

Activity based questions:

Question 1.
Observe the images ‘A’ and ‘B’ and answer the following questions.

(i) Which disasters are shown in the images ?
Answer:
Image A is showing damage due to earthquake. Image B is showing house on fire.

(ii) Which primary precautions will you take in case of disaster shown in ‘A’?
Answer:
In the above disasters, the initial precautions to be taken are as follows :
Earthquake: In case of earthquake, one should immediately come out of house and stand in the open ground. If this is not possible, one has to go below table or any other cover. During collapse of the building, there should not be a head injury. This precaution is basically for prevention of dangerous injuries and saving our life. Switch off the power supply. If in journey, stay inside the vehicle.

(iii) Which type of first-aid is offered to the injured people in disaster ‘B’?
Answer:
First aid given to burn victim:

• The person who is injured by fire should be dotised with cold water on his/her body. This will extinguish fire and give some relief caused due to inflammation. Do not break the blisters. Give water to drink.
• Cover the burnt part by wet and moist cloth. Wash the wounds with antiseptic solution.
• If the person is severely burnt, transfer him/her immediately to hospital.

Question 2.
Correct the following diagram:

Answer:

Projects:

Project 1.
Can you tell? ( Textbook page no. 118)
Whether there had been mock drill by fire fighters under the disaster management scheme in your school? Which techniques did you see during the drill?

Project 2.
Try this: (Textbook page no. 115)
Which factors will you consider while designing the pre-disaster management plan for your school/home? Prepare a survey report with the help of your teacher.

Project 3.
Get information:
(1) Visit the district collector or Taluka Tehasildar office and collect the information about disaster management. (Textbook page no. 115)
(2) Meet the medical officer/doctor from your village and collect information about providing the first aid. (Textbook page no. 118)

Project 4.
Internet is my friend:
(1) Search for the video clips of disasters. Discuss in your class about effects of disasters and remedies over it. (Textbook page no. 110)
(2) Find out more about the activities of international organizations that work for disaster management.
(Textbook page no. 116)
1. United Nations Disaster Relief Organization.
2. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements.
3. Asian Disaster Reduction Centre.
4. Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre.
5. World Health Organization.
6. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 1.4 All the World’s a Stage Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 1.4 All the World’s a Stage

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 1.4 Warming Up Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Pair work

• Talk to your friend about all the things related to ‘Seven.’
  For example Seven wonders of the world.
• Pair up with your partner and name those given below all of the under :

(a) The seven wonders of the world
………………………………………………………
(b) The seven continents
………………………………………………………
(c) The seven colours of the rainbow
………………………………………………………
(d) The seven notes of the music
………………………………………………………
(e) The seven seas of the world
………………………………………………………
Answer:
(a) The Seven wonders of the world : The Great Wall of China, Christ the Redeemer Statue, Machu Picchu, Chichen Itza, The Roman Colosseum, The Taj Mahal and Petra.
(b) The Seven continents : Asia, Europe, Australia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica.
(c) The Seven colours of the rainbow : violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red
(d) The Seven notes of the musical scale : sa-re-ga-ma-pa-da-ni./doh-re-me-fa-so-la-ti
(e) The Seven seas of the world : Arctic Ocean, Antarctic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, North Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean.

Question 2.
Life is often compared to many things. Write down 7 things that life can be compared to and justify the comparison. For example,
(a) Life is a keyboard, because if you press the right keys you have typed a good destiny.
(b) ………………………………………………………
(c) ………………………………………………………
(d) ………………………………………………………
(e) ………………………………………………………
(f) ………………………………………………………
(g) ………………………………………………………
Answer:
(a) Life is a keyboard; if you press the right keys, you have typed out a good destiny.
(b) Life is a river-always flowing.
(c) Life is like a seed; it will never grow unless planted, nourished and nurtured.
(d) Life is like an elevator, with lots of ups and downs. ‘
(e) Life is like an onion. You peel off layer after layer. Sometimes it makes you weep.
(f) Life is like a jigsaw puzzle. You have all the pieces, but you have to put them together correctly.
(g) Life is like a jack-in-the-box. You never know : when you are going to get a box on your chin.

Question 3.
Match the approximate ages with the stages.

No.	Age-group			Stages
1	Birth to 2 years		a	teenage/adolescence
2	3 years to 12 years		b	old age/second childhood
3	13 years to 17 years		c	middle-age
4	18 years to about 44 years		d	babyhood/infancy
5	About 45 years to 60 years		e	senior citizen/elderly person
6	65 years up to 75 to 80 years		f	adulthood
7	Above 80 years		g	childhood

Answer:

No.	Age-group	Stages
(1)	Birth to 2 years	(d) babyhood/infancy
(2)	3 years to 12 years	(g) childhood
(3)	13 years to 17 years	(a) teenage/adolescence
(4)	18 years to about 44 years	(f) adulthood
(5)	About 45 years to 60 years	(c) middle-age
(6)	65 years up to 75 to 80 years	(e) senior citizen/ elderly person
(7)	Above 80 years	(b) old age/second childhood

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Unit 1.4 Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the words in given clouds. Match them with what they signify.

Answer:
(1) Stage – Life
(2) Characters – Roles played by human beings
(3) Script – Story of life
(4) Dialogues – Conversation
(5) Entry – Birth
(6) Exit – Death

Question 2.
Read the poem carefully and complete the following table.

Ages of Man	Role	Qualities/Actions
1		1. 2.
2		1. 2.
3		1. 2.
4		1. 2.
5		1. 2.
6		1. 2.
7		1. 2.

Answer:

First	infant	(1)   frightened (2)   crying, puking
Second	schoolboy	(1)   unhappy (2)   whining, creeping unwillingly to school
Third	lover	(1)   woeful (2)   sighing, singing sad ballads
Fourth	soldier	(1)  jealous in honor, ambitious (2)   quarreling, facing danger

Question 3.
Write down in your own words the differences between the following stages of a man’s life.
2nd stage and 4th stage …………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

3rd stage and 5th stage …………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………

1 st stage and 7th (last) stage …………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
Answer:
2nd stage and 4th stage:
The second stage is that of a school boy, complaining and crying. He goes to school early in the morning, with a well-scrubbed, shining face. He carries his school bag and creeps slowly, like a snail, unwillingly to school.

‘Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard, Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel.’

3rd stage and 5th stage:
The third stage is that of a lover, who is’ breathless and sighing with passion. He sings sad Songs dedicated to the beauty of his lover.

The fifth stage is that of , a mature middle-aged man with a round belly. He is stern and formal and full of wisdom. He is full of wise sayings and gives modern examples.

1 st stage and 7th (last) stage:
The first stage is that of an infant, crying weakly and throwing up in his nurse’s arms. He is unaware of what is happening around him.The baby, at this stage, is without teeth, without vision, without taste and without anything.

The last stage of all, which ends one’s eventful life, is when man becomes senile and enters his second childhood. He is again unaware of what is happening around him. This final stage is when he is once more without teeth, without vision, without taste and without anything.

Question 4.
Pick out lines that contain Imagery (a picture created in the mind by using words) of the following people.
(a) School boy …………………………………
(2nd stage) …………………………………
(b) Soldier …………………………………
(4th stage) …………………………………
(c) Judge …………………………………
(5th stage) …………………………………
(d) Senior citizen …………………………………
(6th stage) …………………………………
Answer:
(a) a snail
‘The whining schoolboy, with his satchel and shining morning face, creeping like a snail unwillingly to school.’

(b) acts like the pard
‘Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard, Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel.’

(c) In fair round belly with good capon lined
With eyes “severe and beard of formal cut

(d) His youthful hose, well-saved, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank

Question 5.
You will notice that there is no Rhyme-scheme in the poem. It appears similar to the poem 1.1 ‘Where the Mind is Without Fear by Tagore.

However Tagore’s poem has no steady rhythm/meter either it is called Free Verse. Shakespeare uses lines with a steady rhythm of 5 beats in each. It is termed as Blank Verse. (No rhyme-scheme but uniformity in rhythm) Copy the lines from “Ánd all the men and women merely players” to “sudden and quick in quarrel”. Put a stress mark on each of the syllables stressed in the lines as for example, And all the men and women merely players;
Answer:
The poem is written in free verse without any rhyme scheme or consistent metre. There are many figures of speech e.g. Repetition. Metaphor, Alliteration, etc. An Important figure of speech is Personification. ‘Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection’. Here, we can actually visualize ‘tireless striv1ng stretching Its arms to reach its goal.

The poem is a prayer to God. Tagore addresses God as ‘my Father’ and asks Him to awaken his country Into a heaven of freedom, where there is total freedom of good thoughts, good words and good actions. He wishes for a country where people would be free from fear, where knowledge would be free to all individuals and people from all castes and religions would be united.

Question 6.
Think and write on your own.
(a) What is the theme/central idea of this poem?
(b) Which two stages of man, described by Shakespeare sound humorous? Say why.
(c) The last (7th) stage of life sounds very sad and miserable. How can you make old age also cheerful and happy?
Answer:
(a) The theme of this poem is the cycle of life.
It tells us how one starts out an infant, helpless and unaware of the surroundings, and ends the same way, i without being aware of what is happening around one.

(b) The second and third stages are humorous. One can just imagine the school boy, complaining and whining, creeping to school slowly with a well-scrubbed and shining face. The third stage, where the lover sighs loudly and sings sad poems and songs, is also humorous.

(c) We can make the last stage joyful by preparing for it beforehand. We know that most of us will reach this stage before our final exit. Hence, we must maintain good health, and keep good relations with our family and the people around us. We must save enough money to get us through this stage without any stress on ourselves or others.

Question 7.
(A) The poem is entirely metaphorical. Pick out the comparisons from the poem.
(a) world …………………………………
(b) actors …………………………………
(c) birth and death …………………………………
(d) school boy …………………………………
(e) the lover’s sigh …………………………………
(f) spotted leopard …………………………………
(g) last stage (old age) …………………………………
Answer:
(a) stage
(b) –
(c) entrances and exits
(d) a snail
(e) a furnace
(f) bearded soldier

(B) Pick out from the poem two examples of each.
(a) Simile
(1) …………………………………
(2) …………………………………
Answer:
Simile. Two dissimilar objects are compared using the word ‘like’.

(b) Onomatopoeia
(1) …………………………………
(2) …………………………………

(c) Alliteration
(1) …………………………………
(2) …………………………………

(d) Metaphor
(1) …………………………………
(2) …………………………………

(e) Inversion
(1) …………………………………
(2) …………………………………

(f) Transferred Epithet
(1) …………………………………
(2) …………………………………
Answer:

(a) Simile	(1)   Creeping like a snail (2)   Soldier bearded like the pard
(b) Onomatopoeia	(1)   And then the whining schoolboy (2)   Sighing like a furnace
(c) Alliteration	(1) They have -their exits and their entrances (2) His youthful hose, well- saved, a world too wide
(d) Metaphor	(1)   They have their exits and their entrances (2)   men and women merely players
(e) Inversion	(1)   His acts being seven ages. (2)   With eyes severe and beard of formal cut
(f) Transferred Epithet	(1)   with a woeful ballad (2)   Into the lean and slippered pantaloon

Question 8.
Read the summary of the play ‘As You Like It’ by William Shakespeare using the Internet. Find out which character has narrated the above poem and on what occasion. Also, make a list of all the characters of the play.
Answer:
The character who has narrated the above poem in the play ‘As You Like It’ by William Shakespeare is Jacques. He narrates it in Act II, Scene VII.

Some of the other characters in the play are Celia, Rosalind, Orlando, Oliver, Duke Senior, Duke Frederick, Touchstone, etc.

Question 9.
Read the poem again and write an appreciation of the poem in a paragraph format. (Refer to page no. 5)
Answer:
Point Format
(for understanding)
The title of the poem : All the World’s a Stage’
The poet : WIlliam Shakespeare
Rhyme scheme : blank verse I.e. no rhyme scheme, but there is a steady rhythm of five beats In each line.
Figures of speech : Metaphor, Simile, Alliteration, Repetition. etc.
Theme/Central idea : The theme of the poem Is the cycle of life.

Paragraph Format
The poem ‘All the World’s a Stage’ is by William Shakespeare. It is taken from Shakespeare’s play ‘As you like It’. It is a monologue by one of the characters in the play.

The poem is written in blank verse i.e. there is no rhyme scheme, but there Is a steady rhythm of five beats i.e. iambic pentameter in each line. There are many figures of speech, like Simile. Alliteration and Repetition. but the one that stands out Is Metaphor. In the lines ‘All the world’s a stage, And all men and women are merely players’, there is an implied comparison between two different things.

In this poem, Shakespeare compares life to a stage. He has divided life Into seven stages. each having its own varied qualities and features. The theme of the poem is the cycle of life. It tells us how one starts out as an Infant, helpless. without understanding. and ends the same way, without being aware of what Is happening around one.

Question 10.
Complete the following diagram:
Answer:

Question 11.
Match the following :

A	B
(1) Infant	(a) acts like the pard
(2) School boy	(b) mewling and puking
(3) Lover	(c) whining,
(4) Soldier ‘	(d) sighing like furnace

Answer:

(1) Infant	(b) mewling arjd puking
(2) School boy	(c) whining
(3) Lover	(d) sighing like furnace
(4) Soldier	(a) acts like the pard

Question 12.
Complete the following : (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(1) ‘Exits’ and ‘entrances’ refer to deaths and births.
(2) Reputation is like a bubble because one does useless things for one’s reputation, which can burst like a bubble in one instant.

Question 13.
Name and explain the poetic devices used in the following lines:
(a) Soldier bearded like the pard
Answer:
Simile. Two dissimilar objects are compared using the word ‘like’,

(b) Sighing like a furnace
Answer:
Simile. Two dissimilar objects are compared using the word ‘like’.

(c) men and women merely players
Answer:
Metaphor. Implicit comparison between two different things.

(d) They have their exits and their entrances
Answer:
Alliteration. Repetition of the sound of ‘t’ and ‘e’.
Metaphor. Implicit comparison between two different things.

(f) With a woeful ballad
Answer:
Alliteration. Repetition of the sound of ‘w’.
Transferred Epithet. It is not the ballad that is woeful but the lover.

Question 14.
Complete the following diagram :
Answer:

Question 15.
Write if the following statements are True or False :
Answer:

• Man in the fifth stage of life is full of wisdom. (True)
• Man in the sixth stage has a fair, round belly. (False)
• The last few lines are full of melancholy. (True)
• In the last stage, man is unaware of his surroundings. (True)

Question 16.
Write down in your own words the differences between the following stages of a man’s life :
(a) 5th and 6th stage :
Answer:
The fifth stage is that of a mature middle-aged man with a round belly. He is stern and formal and full of wisdom. He is full of wise sayings and gives modern examples.

In the sixth stage, man has become old, with thin legs in slippers and loose pants. He has spectacles on his nose and a pouch by his side. The close-fitting stockings, which he had saved from his younger days, are now too big for his thin legs, which have shrunk with age. His loud voice, which was once manly, has now become childish and shrill. There are whistling sounds when he talks.

Question 17.
Complete the following table based on the extract. (The answers are given directly.)
Answer:

Stages of Man	Role	qualities/Actions
Fifth	adult man	(1)   fat, serious and wise (2)   giving advice
Sixth	middle-aged man	(1)   thin and shrunken (2)   talking in a shrill-voice
Seventh	very old man	(1)   senile, child-like (2)   oblivious to his surroundings

Question 18.
The poem is entirely metaphorical. Pick out the comparison from the extract: last stage (old age)
Answer:
last scene

Question 19.
Name and explain the figures of speech used in the following lines :
(a) His youthful hose, well-saved, a world too wide
Answer:
Alliteration. Repetition of the sound of ‘w’.

(b) For his shrunk shank
Answer:
Alliteration. Repetition of the sound of ‘s’.

(c) Turning again towards childish treble
Answer:
Alliteration. Repetition of the sound of ‘t’.

(d) Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
Answer:
Repetition. The word ‘sans’ is repeated for emphasis.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Social Science Book Solutions

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 History Solutions Answers

• Chapter 1 Historiography Development in the West
• Chapter 2 Historiography Indian Tradition
• Chapter 3 Applied History
• Chapter 4 History of Indian Arts
• Chapter 5 Mass Media and History
• Chapter 6 Entertainment and History
• Chapter 7 Sports and History
• Chapter 8 Tourism and History
• Chapter 9 Heritage Management

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Political Science Solutions Answers

• Chapter 1 Working of the Constitution
• Chapter 2 The Electoral Process
• Chapter 3 Political Parties
• Chapter 4 Social and Political Movements
• Chapter 5 Challenges faced by Indian Democracy

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Geography Solutions Answers

• Chapter 1 Field Visit
• Chapter 2 Location and Extent
• Chapter 3 Physiography and Drainage
• Chapter 4 Climate
• Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
• Chapter 6 Population
• Chapter 7 Human Settlements
• Chapter 8 Economy and Occupations
• Chapter 9 Tourism, Transport and Communication

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.3 Connecting the Dots Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 2.3 Connecting the Dots

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.3 Warming Up Questions and Answers

Question 1.
(A) Connect the dots to get what means a lot to you.

The word is ……………………………… .
Answer:

The word is SUN

(B) With your benchmark, use the letters given above to make a word register of ‘computers’. Set a time -limit of 5 minutes and compare your list with that of other classmates.
Answer:
AI, adobe, android, arithmetic, binary, browser, byte, bit, download, document, data, database, disk, format, http, hardware, homepage, java, keyboard, key, Microsoft, malware, memory, network, netscape, program, reboot, spam, spreadsheet, software, virus, web, windows, update, zip.

Question 2.
You are quite familiar with computers, especially the personal computer. Form pairs and make a list of famous computer manufacturing companies. One is given to you.
(a) Apple
(b) ……………………….
(c) ……………………….
(d) ……………………….
(e) ……………………….
(f) ……………………….
Answer:
(a) Apple
(b) Samsung
(c) IBM
(d) Lenovo
(e) Foxconn
(f) HP Inc.

Question 3.
Complete the web by filling the various benefits of computers.

Answer:

Question 4.
(A) Expand the following into their full forms.
(a) that’s
(b) didn’t
(c) here’s
(d) can’t
(e) I’ve
Answer:
(a) that’s – that is
(b) didn’t – did not
(c) here’s – here is
(d) can’t – cannot
(e) I’ve – I have

(B) Write the shortened forms of the following.
(a) You have ……………………….
(b) I would ……………………….
(c) It is ……………………….
(d) You are ……………………….
(e) He will ……………………….
(f) I had ……………………….
(g) will not ……………………….
(h) shall not ……………………….
(i) are not ……………………….
(j) need not ……………………….
(k) must not ……………………….
(l) ought not ……………………….
Answer:
(a) you have – you’ve
(b) I would – I’d
(c) it is – it’s
(d) you are – you’re
(e) he will – he’ll
(f) I had – rd
(g) will not – won’t
(h) shall not – shan’t
(i) arc not – aren’t
(j) need not – needn’t
(k) must not – mustn’t
(l) ought not – oughtn’t

Connecting the Dots Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Question 1.
(A) Rearrange the incidents in the life of Steve Jobs in chronological order.
(a) Steve Jobs started Next.
(b) Jobs underwent a surgery.
(c) Jobs learned about serif and sans serif type faces.
(d) Jobs returned to Apple Inc.
(e) Jobs married Laurene.
(f) Jobs was diagnosed with cancer.
(g) Jobs dropped out of Reed College.
Answer:
(a) Jobs started Next.
(b) Jobs underwent surgery.
(c) Jobs learned about serif and san serif typefaces.
(d) Jobs returned to Apple Inc.
(e) Jobs married Laurene.
(f) Jobs was diagnosed with cancer.
(g) Jobs dropped out of Reed College.

(B) Read the third story again. Complete the flow-chart given below.

Answer:

Question 2.
Read the lesson. Refer to a dictionary and match the words in column ‘A’ with their meanings in column ‘B’.

No	‘A’		‘B’
(a)	diagnosis	(i)	the power believed to control events
(b)	devastating	(ii)	complete list of items especially in a special order and description.
(c)	intuition	(iii)	act of identifying the nature of a problem or illness.
(d)	calligraphy	(iv)	power of understanding situations or people’s feelings before hand.
(e)	destiny	(v)	causing great destruction
(f)	catalogue	(vi)	beautiful handwriting done with a special pen or brush.

Answer:

No	‘A’		‘B’
(a)	diagnosis	(iii)	act of identifying the nature of a problem or illness.
(b)	devastating	(v)	causing great destruction
(c)	intuition	(iv)	power of understanding situations or people’s feelings before hand.
(d)	calligraphy	(vi)	beautiful handwriting done with a special pen or brush.
(e)	destiny	(a)	the power believed to control events
(f)	catalogue	(ii)	complete list of items especially in a special order and description.

Question 3.
Go through all the three stories. Identify some qualities of Steve Jobs and complete the web chart.

Answer:

Question 4.
Complete the following table.
‘The Three Stories in the Life of Steve Jobs’

	About	Setbacks	Reactions	Achievements and benefits
First story
Second story
Third story

Answer:

	About	Setbacks	Reac­tions	Achieve­ments and benefits
First story	College days	no boarding and lodging	managed with friends and at a temple	learnt calligraphy
Second story	starting ’Apple’	fired from the company	started a new company ‘Next’	most creative period; renaissance’ of ‘Apple’
Third story	death	diagnosed with cancer	surgery, cure	learnt not to waste time living someone else’s life

Question 5.
Say HOW?
→ the calligraphy classes helped Steve Jobs after 10 years.
Answer:
10 years later when Steve Jobs was designing the first Macintosh computer, he recalled what he had learned in the calligraphy classes about serif and san serif typefaces as well as other elements that go into great typography. He designed all this into the Macintosh computer.

→ You can connect dots.
Answer:
We can’t connect dots by looking forward; we can only connect them looking backwards. We have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in our destiny.

→ Jobs reacted later on, after the shock of being fired from Apple.
Answer:
After he overcame the shock of being fired from Apple, Jobs felt the lightness of being a beginner again. He felt free to enter one of the most creative periods of his life. He started two companies – Next and Pixar.

→ Jobs was cured of a rare cancer.
Answer:
Jobs was diagnosed with a very rare form of pancreatic cancer. It was curable by surgery. Jobs had the surgery and he was cured.

→ Jobs acquired the famous words ‘Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish’
Answer:
When Jobs was young, he used to read an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalogue’. In the final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road beneath which were the words ‘Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish’. Steve acquired these words from the magazine.

Question 6.
Besides those given at the end of the talk by Steve Jobs, pick out other pieces of advice that Jobs gives in his speech.
Answer:
(a) Learn to connect the dots.
(b) Learn whatever you can whenever you can.
(c) We can learn even from negative experiences.
(d) Have trust that somehow the dots will connect in your future.
(e) Have trust in your gut. destiny, life, karma, whatever …
(f) Love what you do.
(g) Keep looking for what you love and don’t ever settle for less.
(h) Even under the most devastating circumstances, you can start all over again.
(i) Don’t lose faith.
(j) Your time is limited, so don’t waste it lining someone else’s life.

Question 7.
(A) Use the following idioms/phrases in sentences of your own.
(a) drop in …………………..
(b) drop out …………………..
(c) stumble on …………………..
(d) look backwards …………………..
(e) look forward …………………..
(f) let (someone) down …………………..
(g) sign off …………………..
(h) begin anew …………………..
Answer:
(a) Though I am not a member of the club, I often play tennis there as a drop in.
(b) I decided to drop out of karate classes as it was taking too much of my time.
(c) While surfing the net, he stumbled into a portal that showed only horror movies.
(d) After his terrible experience in his native place, he went to the city and never looked backwards.
(e) He tried to forget his terrible experience in his native place and looked forward.
(f) He placed great trust in his secretary, and she never let him down.
(g) I would like to sign off by telling you a short story with a beautiful message.
(h) It is never too late to forget past mistakes and begin anew.

(B) Fill in the gaps in choosing the appropriate idioms.
(drown out, hits in the head with a brick, get one’s affairs in order, connect the dots, begin to dawn, stay hungry)
(a) The wealthy landlord made a will before he could die.
(b) Those who aspire for success should always to learn more.
(c) If you you will realise that crime ultimately leads to poverty.
(d) The siren of the ambulance all other traffic noise.
(e) When the father learned about his son’s misdeeds, it
(f) On reading exactly same essays in both answer sheets, it the examiner, that the students had cheated during exams.
Answer:
(a) Getting his affairs in order
(b) Stay hungry
(c) Connect the dots
(d) Drowned out
(e) It hit him on the head with a brick.
(f) Began to dawn on

Question 8.
(A) Name the Tense of the Verbs underlined to include Time (Past/Present/Future) and Aspect (Simple/Continuous/Perfect/Perfect Continuous)
(1) I slept on the floor
(2) We were designing the first Macintosh computer
(3) It had made all the difference
(4) I am fine, now
(5) I have been facing death
(6) I shall be telling you three stories
Answer:
(1) Time – Past; Aspect – Simple.
(2) Time – Past Tense; Aspect – Progressive (continuous).
(3) Time – Past tense Aspect – Perfect
(4) Time – Present; Aspect – Simple.
(5) Time – Present; Aspect – Perfect.
(6) Time – Future; Aspect – Progressive (continuous).

(B) Change the Tense as instructed.
(1) I got fired. (Future Perfect)
(2) Life hits you in the head. (Present Perfect Continuous)
(3) The dots will somehow connect. (Past Perfect)
(4) I started a company. (Present Continuous)
(5) My doctor advised me. (Past Perfect Continuous)
Answer:
(1) Jobs got fired.
(2) Life hits you in the head.
(3) The dots had somehow connected.
(4) I started a company.
(5) My doctor had been advising me.

Question 9.
Read the News item and write an application for a suitable job in the same company. Attach a seperate CV/Resume.
May 19, 2016
Apple Opens Development Office in Hyderabad
(A) The new office in Hyderabad will focus on development of maps, Apple products, like iPhone, iPad, Mac. etc. This will create upto 4000 jobs
Answer:

Answer:
Ratan Shah
11 Salsa Apts.
Hafeczpeth
Hyderabad
Telangana – 500 049.
27th May, 2020

The HR Manager
Apple Development Office
18-23, Rd Number 2
Financial District
Nanakram Guda
Hydcrabad
Telangana — 500 032.

Subject : Application for post of Systems Analyst ‘
Sir,
I read the news item in the Times of India’ dated May 20, which stated that Apple has opened a Development office in Hyderabad, which is likely to create up to 4000 jobs. I am interested in applying for the post of Systems Analyst.

I have a bachelor’s degree In Computer Information Systems (CIS) and 6 months experience in Cornputronic& Ltd. as Systems Analyst. I am well-versed in analyzing, designing and implementing Information Systems. I wish to further my prospects and hence am applying to your company.

I do hope that you will give me the opportunity to prove my mettle.

Yours truly,
Ratan Shah

Attachments: CV, photocopies of Academic and Professional Certificates
Resume:
Name: Ratan Shah
Age: 24 years
Educational Qualification: B.Com (1st class); B.Computer Science (CIS)
Experience: 6 months experience in Computronics Ltd. as Systems Analyst
Marital Status: Single
Special Interests: Chess, Football, Cycling
Contact information: Address as above
Mobile no.: 097

(B) Imagine you are already working as an Engineer in Apple Development Office, Hyderabad. Write an application for 2 weeks leave to the HR Manager as you have to undergo an urgent surgery.
Answer:
Ms. Sara Kanchwala
11 Salsa Apts.
Hafeezpeth
Hyderabad
Telangana 500 049.
3 September, 2020

The HR Manager,
Apple Development Office
18-23, Rd. Number 2
Financial District
Nanakram Guda
Hyderabad
Telangana – 500 032.

Subject : ApplicatIon’ for leave of absence due to Imminent surgery (4th September to 17th September)

Dear Sir,
I had a bad fall a couple of days back and tore a ligament ‘In my knee. The pain is Intense and my doctor has advised me that immediate surgery is necessary.

Please grant me 2 weeks medical leave as the doctor has advised a fortnight’s complete bed rest post-op. Thanking you in advance,

I remain,
Yours truly,
Sara Kanchwala

Question 10.
Prepare a speech on the title “The Will to Win” to be delivered before the class during a competition.
Hints –

• Title
• Introduction
• Objective and Illustrations
• Specific examples
• Purpose of the title.
• Sources/Resourses for implementation.
• Usefulness/Benefits
• Conclusion.

Answer:
The Will to Win

Friends,
The topic before us today is The Will to Win’. This title brings to my mind the story of the hare and the tortoise. When the hare challenged the tortoise to a race, the tortoise knew very well that its speed was in no way comparable to that of the hare. Yet this little animal agreed to the race. And why, may I ask you? Only because it had the will to win. Come what may, the tortoise had to prove to the hare that it could win if it wanted to. And finally it won!

This, in fact, is the driving force behind all great ventures and achievements. The Will to Win!

I remember the time when I went to Std. V. My father had been transferred from Agra to Bhusaval. A subject that I had trouble mastering was the language Marathi. Needless to say in the first term I flunked very badly. But I was a student who usually scored high marks in all subjects. This failure was devastating.

However, I did not let it faze me. I took great interest in class lessons. Read my Marathi textbook over and over. Made friends who spoke fluently in Marathi and ventured speaking to them. At first they poked fun at me. But within a month I had picked up the basic structure of the language and began writing answers to questions on my own. Believe it or not, at the end of the term I topped the class in Marathi. ; Today I can speak in the language as if it is my mother tongue.

Friends, my message to you today is that you can do anything. All you require is the will. If you have the will, the skill will follow. So set your goals, define your objectives and I wish all of you the very best in ; whatever you decide to do in life.

Be sure of one thing: If you have the will, You Will Win!

Thank you.

Question 11.
Project :
Collect more information about Steve Jobs with the help of Internet. Complete it with images into a file.

Question 12.
Do you remember doing some activities in your childhood that you didn’t like it. Form pairs and make a list of all those activities. Do you think, any one of these activities have helped you in solving your problems? Share your experience with the class.

• chopping vegetables:
• cleaning the home; sweeping and dusting
• hanging out clothes to dry
• looking after my little brother
• helping dad to repair the bicycle

Answer:
Once while driving home from school, the chain of my bicycle got dislodged and I almost fell off. There was no bicycle repair shop nearby and no passers-by were able to help me. Since I had experience helping dad to repair his bicycle, somehow I managed to get the chain fixed and wobbled back home. My hands were black and dirty with grease and oil, but at least I didn’t have to walk back home, pushing my bicycle along.

Question 13.
Write True or False for these statements: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(1) Steve Jobs slept in his dorm room. False
(2) Steve took his required courses as a registered student of Reed College. False
(3) During Steve’s College days, one had to pay 5 cents deposit for a Coke bdttle. True
(4) Steve ha’d comfortable college experiences. False

Question 14.
What basic course in Reed College helped while designing the Mac?
Answer:
The basic course of calligraphy in Reed College helped while designing the Mac.

Question 15.
Arrange the following incidents in Steve Jobs’ life in proper sequence based on this passage:
(a) Jobs stayed as a drop-in for 18 months.
(b) Jobs used to sleep on the floor in his friend’s house.
Answer:
(a) Jobs stayed as a drop-in for 18 months.
(b) Jobs used to sleep on the floor in his friend’s house.

Question 16.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) Steve’s first story is about connecting the dots.
(2) Steve got one good meal every Sunday night at the Hare Krishna temple.
Answer:
Connecting the dots.
Hare Krishna temple.

Question 17.
What did Steve Jobs do for two years after he joined Reed College?
Answer:
After joining Reed College, for two years Steve would stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest him. Instead he began dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

Question 18.
List the hardships that Steve faced.
Answer:

• Steve didn’t have a dorm room and so had to sleep on the floor in friends’ rooms.
• Steve returned Coke bottles for the 5 cent deposits to buy food with.
• Steve would walk seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.

Question 19.
Write from the passage a phrase that means ‘Apart from this, I have nothing more to tell.’
Answer:
That’s it.

Question 20.
Choose the correct contextual meaning of the phrase: connecting the dots.
(a) making a pattern with the help of dots
(b) associating one previous idea with other ideas that follow
(c) joining dots in a puzzle to get the correct picture
(d) understanding a procedure
Answer:
(b) associating one previous idea with other ideas that follow

Question 21.
Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B:

A		B
(i)	intuition	(a)	a set of characters like letters, symbols, etc. in one design
(ii)	calligraphy	(b)	the style and appearance of printed matter
(iii)	typography	(c)	power of understanding the feelings of people
(iv)	typeface	(d)	beautiful handwriting done with a special pen or brush

Answer:

(i)	intuition	(c)	power of understanding the feelings of people
(ii)	calligraphy	(d)	beautiful handwriting done with a special pen or brush
(iii)	ypography	(b)	the style and appearance of printed matter
(iv)	typeface	(a)	a set of characters like letters, symbols, etc. in one design

Question 22.
It was one of the best decisions I ever made. (Rewrite using ‘better than’.)
Answer:
It was better than most other decisions I ever made.

Question 23.
Personal Response: What impression of Steve Jobs do you get from this passage?
Answer:
In this passage, it appears that Steve Jobs is a student who goes by his impulses. He has a thirst for knowledge, but prefers subjects that he finds interesting and avoids those that he finds uninteresting, even though he has enrolled for them. He is ready to face all kinds of hardships in order to study what he wants to. Steve Jobs had a natural curiosity and intuition. He also had an instinct about what makes something really great and the habit of storing it away in his mind for future use.

Question 24.
Fill in the blanks: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) Steve designed the Macintosh computer.
(2) Windows copied the Macintosh computer.
(3) It was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when Steve was in college.
(4) You can only connect the dots looking backward.
Answer:
(1) Macintosh
(2) Windows
(3) forward
(4) backward

Question 25.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) The Mac ‘computer which he designed would not have had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.
(2) Since Windows just copied Mac, it was likely no personal computer would have had them.
Answer:
(1) not have had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.
(2) no personal computer would have had them.

Question 26.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Words connected with typography from the passage are: typeface and font.
Answer:
typeface and font.

Question 27.
Match the words /phrases in column A with their meanings in column B:

(A)		(B)
(i)	gut	(a)	Macintosh computer.
(ii)	destiny	(b)	having several parts.
(iii)	Mac	(c)	the power believed to control events.
(iv)	multiple	(d)	courage and determination.

Answer:

A		B
(i)	gut	(d)	courage and determination
(ii)	destiny	(c)	the power believed to control events
(iii)	Mac	(a)	Macintosh computer
(iv)	multiple	(b)	having several parts

Question 28.
It was impossible to connect the dots looking forward. (Pick out the verbs and say if they are finite or non-finite.)
Answer:
was – finite; to connect, looking – non-finites

Question 29.
It was very clear. (Rewrite as an exclamatory sentence.)
Answer:
How clear it was!

Question 30.
Mac would never have had multiple typefaces. (Rewrite as an interrogative sentence.)
Answer:
Would Mac ever have had multiple typefaces?

Question 31.
Personal Response: Write about something which you learned in the past and which has helped you in the present.
Answer:
When I was in Std. V, mother enrol led me for dancing classes, I had to stop when I reached Std. IX. However, now whenever I need a break or I am feeling stressed, I put on some music and dance. That gives me relief from stress.

Question 32.
Name the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(1) The world’s most successful animation studio. Pixar
(2) The company that Steve Jobs took five years to establish. Next
(3) The company that bought Next. Apple
(4) Steve Jobs’ wife. Laurene

Question 33.
What setback did Jobs suffer when he was thirty?
Answer:
When Jobs was thirty, he was fired from the company which he himself had started. This was devastating and a major setback in his life.

Question 34.
Match the words/phrases in column A with their meanings in column B:

A		B
(i)	renaissance	(a)	causing great destruction
(ii)	to start over	(b)	lost one’s job
(iii)	fired	(c)	revival
(iv)	devastating	(d)	to begin again

Answer:

A		B
(i)	renaissance	(c)	revival
(ii)	to start over	(d)	to begin again
(iii)	fired	(b)	lost one’s job
(iv)	devastating	(a)	causing great destruction

Question 35.
Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate idioms: (at the heart of, hit him on the head with brick, begin to dawn, lose faith)
(1) Even if you don’t succeed at first, don’t lose faith in yourself.
(2) It is corruption in high places that lies at the heart of the non-development of this locality.
Answer:
(1) Lose faith
(2) At the heart of

Question 36.
Personal Response: What does this second story of Jobs convey to you?
Answer:
The second story of Jobs – about love and loss – conveys to us that even if our efforts result in complete disaster, we should continue believing in ourselves. It tells us that we should love our work. If we haven’t yet found it, we should keep on searching. We should never accept less than what we aim for in life.

Question 37.
Which quality of Steve Jobs impresses you the most? How would you apply it in your life?
Answer:
I admire Steve’s quality of not giving up even after facing a terribly shocking loss. It inspires me never to be disheartened by failure, but to always keep trying. Even if one loses everything, one has to have the courage to start all over again.

Question 38.
Arrange the following incidents in Steve Jobs’ life in proper sequence based on this passage:
(a) Jobs was advised to get his affairs in order.
(b) Jobs was cured of a rare form of cancer.
Answer:
(a) Jobs was advised to get his affairs in order.
(b) Jobs was cured of a rare form of cancer.

Question 39.
Fill in the blanks: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
(1) Steve’s third story is about death.
(2) The doctor describes the last stage of cancer as the ‘prepare to die’ stage.
(3) Steve ‘says that you should follow your heart and intuition.
(4) We should not waste time.
Answer:
(1) death
(2) ‘prepare to die’
(3) heart and intuition.
(4) time.

Question 40.
What does Jobs warn you about life and dogma?
Answer:
Jobs warns us not be trapped by dogma. Dogma is living with the results of other people’s thinking. The overpowering influence of other’s opinions should not drown out our own inner voice.

Question 41.
How does Jobs close his address to the graduate students?
Answer:
Steve Jobs closes his address to the graduate students by telling them about an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalogue’. In the final issue on the back cover there was a photograph of an early morning country road. Beneath it were the words ‘Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish’. Jobs wishes the students the same words as his farewell message to them.

Question 42.
Write from the passage four medical words / phrases / terms.
Answer:
pancreatic cancer, diagnosis, biopsy, surgery

Question 43.
Match the words in column ‘A’ with their meanings in column ‘B’:

A		B
(a)	diagnosis	(1)	a set of beliefs held by an organisation which others are expected to accept without argument.
(b)	catalogue	(2)	act of identifying the nature of a problem or illness.
(c)	dogma	(3)	in a new or different way.
(d)	anew	(4)	complete list of items especially in a special order and description.

Answer:

A		B
(a)	diagnosis	(2)	act of identifying the nature of a problem or illness.
(b)	catalogue	(4)	complete list, of items especially in a special order and description.
(c)	dogma	(1)	a set of beliefs held by an organisation which others are expected to accept without argument
(d)	anew	(3)	in a new or different way.

Question 44.
Choose correct question tags for the sentences and rewrite: wasn’t it? isn’t it? aren’t I? will you?
(a) Don’t be trapped by dogma.
(b) It was their farewell message.
(c) Your time is limited.
(d) I’m fine now.
Answer:
(a) Don’t be trapped by dogma, will you?
(b) It was their farewell message, wasn’t it?
(c) Your time is limited, isn’t it?
(d) I’m fine now, aren’t I?

Question 45.
Don’t waste it. (Rewrite without ‘don’t’.)
Answer:
Avoid wasting it.

Question 46.
Personal Response: “Your time is limited. So don’t waste it living someone else’s life.” What are your views about these statements?
Answer:
These are the conclusions that Steve Jobs came to when he discovered that he was suffering from pancreatic cancer. Coming face to face with death, he realized how very little time we have on earth to realize our true potential. Most of our lives are spent following the dictates of others. By this statement, Steve Jobs means that we should spend every moment of our lives trying to discover our own potential and determine our own purpose and path in life.

Question 47.
(1) Pick out the compound words from the given words: dropping, calligraphy, backwards, graduate, photograph
(2) Pick out the gerund and use it in your own sentence: I could begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
(3) Punctuate the sentence: heres one ekample reed college offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country
(4) Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentence: At the calligraphy class, I learn about what make great typography great.
(5) Identify the type of sentence: Don’t settle.
(6) Find out two hidden words of at least 4 letters each from the word ‘devastating’.
(7) Form present participles in which the last letter is doubled: drop, quit
(8) Arrange these words in alphabetical order: friend, follow, found, freed.
Answer:
(1) backwards = back + wards; photograph = photo + graph
(2) Gerund: dropping Sentence: Stop dropping in here without any warning.
(3) Here’s one example: Reed College offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.
(4) At the calligraphy class, I learned about what makes great typography great.
(5) Imperative Sentence in the Negative.
(6) devastating-vast, taste (gate, stain.)
(7) dropping, quitting
(8) follow, found, freed, friend

Question 48.
(1) Write the homophone for the word ‘story’ and frame a sentence.
(2) Rewrite the sentence using the past perfect continuous tense: We were designing the first Macintosh computer.
(3) Rewrite beginning with underlined part: The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again.
(4) Write a word register for the word: ‘doctor’ (4 words).
Answer:
(1) Homophones: story – storey Sentence: I live in a seven-storys building.
(2) We had been designing the first Macintosh computer.
(3) The lightness of being a beginner again replaced the heaviness of being successful.
(4) physician, surgeon, medico, healer, practitioner. (MD, medic, scientist, specialist)

Question 49.
(1) Use the word,‘trust’ in sentences as a noun as well as a verb.
(2) Underline the modal auxiliary and state its function: I had to take a calligraphy class.
Answer:
(1) (a) I have great trust in my teacher, (noun)
(b) Trust in God. (verb)
(2) I had to take a calligraphy class, (necessity/ obligation/compulsion)