Category: Class 6

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 1 The Earth and the Graticule Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 1 The Earth and the Graticule

Class 6 Geography Chapter 1 The Earth and the Graticule Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Place a tick mark (✓) against the correct option:

Question 1.
What term is used for the imaginary east-west horizontal lines on the earth?
(i) Meridians
(ii) International Date Line
(iii) Parallels
Answer:
Parallels

Question 2.
What is the shape of the meridians?
(i) Circular
(ii) Semicircular
(iii) Points
Answer:
Semicircular

Question 3.
What do the parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude together form on the globe?
(i) Angular distance
(ii) Hemisphere
(iii) Graticule
Answer:
Graticule

Question 4.
How many parallels are there in the northern hemisphere?
(i) 90
(ii) 89
(iii) 91
Answer:
90

Question 5.
Which circles form the eastern and western hemispheres?
(i) 0° parallel and 180° meridian
(ii) 0° Prime Meridian and 180° meridian
(iii) North and South Polar circles
Answer:
0° Prime Meridian and 180° meridian

Question 6.
Which circle appears as a point on the globe?
(i) Equator
(ii) North/South Pole
(iii) Prime Meridian
Answer:
North/South Pole

Question 7.
How many places on the earth may be located on 45° N parallel?
(i) One
(ii) Many
(iii) Two
Answer:
Many

B. Observe a globe and examine the following statements. Correct the wrong ones:

Question 1.
Parallels of latitude lie parallel to the Prime Meridian,
Answer:
Wrong: Parallels of latitude lie parallel to the equator.

Question 2.
All parallels of latitude converge at the equator.
Answer:
Wrong: All meridians of longitude converge at the poles.

Question 3.
Parallels and meridians are imaginary lines.
Answer:
Right.

Question 4.
8° 4′ 65″ N is a north meridian.
Answer:
Wrong: 8° 4′ 65″ N is a north parallel.

Question 5.
Meridians are parallel to each other.
Answer:
Wrong: Latitudes are parallel to each other.

C. Find the correct graticule out of the following and put a tick mark against it.

Answer:
Figure (a) is correct.

D. Answer the following:

Question 1.
How will you express the latitude and longitude of the North Pole?
Answer:
The latitude of the North Pole would be 90°N. All the meridians of longitudes pass through the North Pole. So the North pole would be 0° longitude.

Question 2.
How much is the angular distance between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn?
Answer:
The angular distance between the tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn is 23°30′ + 23°30′ = 47°

Question 3.
Using a globe, write down the names of the countries through which the equator passes.
Answer:
The countries through which the equator passes are Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Sao tome and Principe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia and Kiribati.

Question 4.
Write down the main uses of the graticule.
Answer:
Graticules help us to determine the locations on the earth. In the modern age, Geographical Information Systems, Global Positioning System, Google Maps, Wikimapia, Bhuvan of ISRO also make use of graticules.

E. Complete the following table:

Characteristics	Parallels of latitude	Meridians of longitude
Shape
	Size of each parallel is different
Distance		Distance between two meridians is larger on the equator and the same decreases towards the Poles.

Answer:

Characteristics	Parallels of latitude	Meridians of longitude
Shape	Circular	Semicircular
Size	Size of each parallel is different	Size of each meridian is same
Distance	Distance between two parallels is the same everywhere	Distance between two meridians is larger on the equator and the same decreases towards the Poles.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 1 The Earth and the Graticule Textbook Questions and Answers

Think a little!

Question 1.
A game of reading the meridians on the world map is going on. Shaheen and Sanket are asking each other to locate places on specific meridians and are making notes of the same. Shaheen asks Sanket to locate Wrangel Island on 180° meridians. Sanket could locate the island in the map but both are confused while making a note of it. They are puzzled whether to write 180° E or 180° W? What would be the precise answer? Please help them. Can we use a similar logic with reference to 0° meridian as well?
Answer:
The 0° and the 180° meridians lie opposite to each other and form a circle around the earth. This circle divides the earth in the eastern and western hemisphere. Shaheen and Sanket can write the Wrangled island to be loacted on 180° meridian.

Do it yourself!

Use figure 1.4 of the geography textbook:

In the upper portion of the circle, at the centre X, draw angles of 30°, V₁ X K₁ and V₂ X K₂; K₁ and K₂ being the points on the circle. Draw an ellipse joining K₁ and K₂.
In the lower half of the circle, mark angles of 60° and name the points on the circle as P₁ and P₂.

Question 1.
Draw an ellipse joining P₁ and P₂.
Answer:

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Is the distance between K₁ K₂ and P₁ P₂ the same?
Answer:
No, the distance between K₁ K₂ and P₁ P₂ are not the same.

Question 2.
Compare the distances XK₁ and XP₂. Are these distances the same or are they different?
Answer:
Yes, the distances are the same.

Question 3.
Now compare the ellipses you have drawn. Which is the larger ellipse? Why?
Answer:
The ellipse through K₁ and K₂ is larger than the ellipse through P₁ and P₂ . This is because the distance between K₁ K₂ is greater than the distance between P₁ P₂.

Observe the picture (fig) on page 5 of the textbook and answer the following questions:

Let the line AM be 0°.
Draw the line MB. Measure the angle it makes with the line AM and write it near B. Note the semicircle that passes through B and joins the North and South Poles. Trace it.
Now join MC. Measure ∠AMC and write it next to C. Draw a semicircle that passes through ‘C’ and joins the North and South Poles.
Draw a line that passes through point A at 0°, and joins the North and South Poles.

Answer:
∠AMB = 70°
∠AMC = 85°

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
How many parallels and meridians can be drawn on a globe at an interval of 10°?
Answer:
19 parallels and 36 meridians can be drawn on a globe at an interval of 10°.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 1 The Earth and the Graticule Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct options from the brackets:

Question 1.
A miniature model of the earth is called a _____.(ball, globe, sphere)
Answer:
globe

Question 2.
The location of any place on the earth is determined with reference to the ______ of the earth. (poles, circle, centre)
Answer:
centre

Question 3.
The _______ is considered as 0° parallel.(equator, poles, circles)
Answer:
equator

Question 4.
The ______ bisects the earth into north and south parts. (poles, equator, circles)
Answer:
equator

Question 5.
One can draw _____ parallels on the earth at the interval of 1°. (90,181,360)
Answer:

Question 6.
The 0° meridian is known as the _____. (Central meridian, Equator, Prime Meridian)
Answer:
Prime Meridian

Question 7.
Each degree is divided into 60 ______.(minutes, hours, seconds)
Answer:
minutes

Question 8.
One can draw _____ meridians each at a distance of 1°. (90,181, 360)
Answer:
360

Question 9.
All meridians are _______ in size.(unequal, equal, uneven)
Answer:
equal

Question 10.
Exact location of a place on the earth can be located using ______.(equator, latitude and longitude, Prime Meridian)
Answer:
latitude and longitude

Question 11.
The distance between any two adjacent parallels is _______ on the surface of the earth. (111 km, 102 km, 44 km)
Answer:
111 km

Question 12.
The parallels and meridians on the globe form a net that is called a ______.(latitude,graticule, longitude)
Answer:
graticule

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Different parallels	Distance between meridians
(1) Poles	(a) 111 km
(2) Tropic of Cancer	(b) 102 km
(3) Polar Circles	(c) 0 km
(4) Equator	(d) 44 km
(5) Meridians	(e) 360
	(f) 1°

Answer:
1 – c
2 – b
3 – d
4 – a
5 – e

Place a tick mark (✓) against the correct option:

Question 1.
Which meridian is considered as the Prime Meridian?
(i) 0°
(ii) 80°
(iii) 90°
Answer:
0°

Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1.
What are parallels of latitudes?
Answer:
Ellipses that are created at some angular distance from the centre of the earth and are parallel to one another are called parallels of latitudes.

Question 2.
How many parallels are there in the northern hemisphere?
Answer:
There are 90 parallels in the northern hemisphere.

Question 3.
Which circle divides the earth in the eastern and western hemisphere?
Answer:
The Prime Meridian divides the earth in the eastern and western hemisphere.

Question 4.
What is the distance between any two adjacent parallels on the surface of the earth?
Answer:
The distance between any two adjacent parallels on the surface of the earth is 111 km.

Question 5.
What is a graticule?
Answer:
The parallels and meridians on the globe form a net that is called a graticule.

Question 6.
What is used to determine the location on the earth?
Answer:
Latitude and longitude is used to determine the location on the earth.

Write the full forms of:

Question 1.
GIS
Answer:
Geographical Information System

Question 2.
GPS
Answer:
Global Positioning System

Question 3.
IRNSS
Answer:
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System

Question 4.
ISRO
Answer:
Indian Space Research Organisation

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
Parallels and meridians are imaginary lines on the earth.
Answer:
Parallels and meridians can be drawn on a globe though not on the earth. That is why parallels and meridians are imaginary lines on the earth.

Question 2.
Geographers developed a miniature model of the earth in the form of a globe.
Answer:
Oceanic waters, uneven nature of the land, forest, innumerable islands of different sizes and buildings make it impossible to draw lines on the earth. In order to overcome this difficulty, geographers developed a miniature model of the earth in the form of a globe.

Question 3.
Latitude and longitudes are expressed into degree, minutes and seconds.
Answer:
To locate the places within the distance of 111 km exactly, the unit degree is divided into smaller units. Degrees are divided into minutes and seconds.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Explain the meaning of the term ‘equator’.
Answer:

• The equator is considered as 0° parallel.
• It is the largest parallel and great circle.
• It bisects the earth into two equal hemispheres viz, the northern and southern hemisphere.

Question 2.
What are Poles of the earth?
Answer:
On the globe and also on the earth, at the north and south ends of the earth’s axis, Poles appear as points. These are called the North Pole and the South Pole respectively.

Observe a globe and examine the following statements. Correct the wrong ones:

Question 1.
Parallels of latitude lie parallel to the Prime Meridian,
Answer:
Wrong: Parallels of latitude lie parallel to the equator.

Question 2.
All parallels of latitude converge at the equator.
Answer:
Wrong: All meridians of longitude converge at the poles.

Question 3.
Parallels and meridians are imaginary lines.
Answer:
Right.

Question 4.
80° 4′ 65″ N is a north meridian.
Answer:
Wrong: 80° 4′ 65″ N is a north parallel.

Question 5.
Meridians are parallel to each other.
Answer:
Wrong: Latitudes are parallel to each other.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 2 Sources of History Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 2 Sources of History

Class 6 History Chapter 2 Sources of History Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
In the past, what materials were used for writing?
Answer:
In the past, materials like potsherds, unbaked bricks, bark of birch trees and copper plates were used for writing.

Question 2.
What information is obtained from Vedic literature?
Answer:
We come to know of life of man and ancient Indian History from the Vedic literature.

Question 3.
Which literature is preserved by oral tradition?
Answer:
Owis, folk songs, folk tales and similar literature is preserved by oral tradition.

2. Classify the following sources as material, written and oral sources.
Copper-plate, folk tales, pottery, beads, travelogues, owis, inscriptions, Vedic literature, stupa, coin, Puranas

Material sources	Written sources	Oral sources

Answer:

Material sources	Written sources	Oral sources
pottery	copper-plate	folk tales
beads	travelogues	owis
stupa	inscriptions
coins	vedic literatures
	puranas

3. Observe the picture of earthen pots and try to make similar ones.

4. Observe any coin and note the following things.
Answer:

• Inscription on the coin: Picture of Queen Victoria
• Metal used: Gold
• Year of the coin: 1862
• Symbol on the coin: Queen Victoria
• Picture, language, shape, and denomination of the coin: Queen Victoria, English, round, denomination as per size of the coin.

5. Do you know a few things by heart? Present them in your group

Activity:

Collect pictures /photos of material and written sources and exhibit them.

Class 6 History Chapter 2 Sources of History Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
A number of objects used by our ancestors still _____.
(a) exist
(b) diminish
(c) exhausted
Answer:
exist

Question 2.
______ can also be learnt through customs and traditions, folk arts, folk literature as well as historical documents.
(a) Science
(b) History
(c) Astrology
Answer:
History

Question 3.
______ used by human in the past, provide us with valuable information about life in the ancient times.
(a) Clothes
(b) Cows
(c) Artefacts
Answer:
Artefacts

Question 4.
The ornaments and other artefacts throw light on ______ interaction.
(a) political
(b) social
(c) historical
Answer:
social

Question 5.
We get information about the __________ of the people from the remains of foodgrains, seeds and bones of animals found in excavations.
(a) diet
(b) health
(c) illness
Answer:
diet

Question 6.
Artefacts, articles, monuments or their ruins are called the ______ ‘sources’ of history.
(a) oral
(b) written
(c) material
Answer:
material

Question 7.
The Stone Age people have recorded many events and expressed their _______ in paintings on rocks.
(a) emotions
(b) opinion
(c) views
Answer:
emotions

Question 8.
In the beginning, man wrote on potsherds, unbaked bricks using ________ objects.
(a) blunt
(b) pointed
(c) zigzag
Answer:
pointed

Question 9.
Man began to record the _______ that took place around him.
(a) competitions
(b) points
(c) events
Answer:
events

Question 10.
Many rulers had their orders, judicial decisions, donations, etc., inscribed on stone or _______.
(a) gold-plates
(b) copper-plates
(c) press plates
Answer:
copper-plates

Question 11.
________ means writing sheets made from the bark of a birch tree.
(a) Bhurjapatra
(b) Paper
(c) Book
Answer:
Bhurjapatra

Question 12.
Birch trees are found in _______.
(a) Jammu
(b) Delhi
(c) Kashmir
Answer:
Kashmir

Question 13.
We learn about the Stone Age period of Indian history through _____ excavations.
(a) physical
(b) archaeological
(c) astrological
Answer:
archaeological

Question 14.
In the beginning, the vedas were not in the ________ form.
(a) oral
(b) written
(c) material
Answer:
written

Question 15.
The vedas and the post Vedic literature form an ______ source of ancient Indian History.
(a) important
(b) unimportant
(c) written
Answer:
important

Match the following:

Column (A)	Column (B)
(1) Material (2) Written (3) Oral (4) Pillar inscriptions	(a) Upanishad (b) Folk tales (c) Coins (d) The vedas

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – b
4 – d

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What are ‘sources of History’?
Answer:
History can be learnt through customs and traditions, folk arts, folk literature as well as historical documents. All these are known as ‘Sources of History’.

Question 2.
How are artefacts useful?
Answer:
Artefacts are useful as they provide us with valuable information about life in the ancient times.

Question 3.
What are artefacts?
Answer:
Things used by man in his day-to-day life are known as artefacts.

Question 4.
What throws light on the social interaction of ancient man?
Answer:
The ornaments and other artefacts throw light on the social interaction of ancient man.

Question 5.
How do we get information about the diet of the ancient people?
Answer:
We get information about the diet of the ancient people from the remains of foodgrains, seeds and bones of animals found in excavation.

Question 6.
What are ‘material sources’ of History?
Answer:
Artefacts, articles, monuments or their ruins are called the ‘material sources’ of history.

Question 7.
What are copper-plates?
Answer:
Copper plates are actual plates made of copper which the rulers used to inscribe their orders, judicial decisions, donations, etc.

Question 8.
What are ‘oral sources’ of history?
Answer:
Owis, folk songs, folk tales and similar literature that is not written but passed on from generation to generation by word of mouth are oral sources of history.

Question 9.
How were vedas preserved before it was put in written form?
Answer:
Before the vedas were written, the ancient Indian had developed the technique of memorizing and reciting them.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
How did man record events before the art of writing?
Answer:

• The stone age people have recorded many events and expressed their emotions in paintings on rocks
• It was only after thousands of years that man learnt the art of writing.

Question 2.
Write a short note on ‘written sources’ of history.
Answer:

• Man began to record the events that took place around him.
• Over a period of time, many forms of literature developed like books on religious and social subjects, plays, poetry, travelogues and scientific works
• All this literature helps us to understand the history of the various historical periods.
• These sources are known as ‘written sources of history’.

Question 3.
Why should precautions be taken while writing history?
Answer:

• A written document cannot be said to be authentic just because it is old.
• It needs to be examined critically as to who wrote it, why and when it was written
• The conclusions drawn on the basis of various genuine documents have to be cross-checked and corroborated with one another
• Such a critical analysis is very important in the writing of authentic history.

Can you tell?

Structures such as forts, rock-cut caves, stupa etc. are known as material sources of history.
Try to guess what other structures can be called material sources.
Answer:
Coins, potsherd, earthern pot, ornaments or any kind of ancient artefacts can also be called material source.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 1 The Indian Subcontinent and History Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 History Solutions Chapter 1 The Indian Subcontinent and History

Class 6 History Chapter 1 The Indian Subcontinent and History Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is history?
Answer:
History is a coherent account of the significant past events in the progress of human culture.

Question 2.
Where do human settlements flourish?
Answer:
Human settlements have flourished wherever the means of living are plentiful.

Question 3.
What do the people in the hilly region j depend on for their food?
Answer:
In the hilly regions people depend more on hunting and gathering for their food.

Question 4.
Which was the earliest civilization in India?
Answer:
The Harappan civilization was the earliest civilization in India.

2. Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
What does human life depend on?
Answer:
Human life in any region depends to a large extent on its geographical characteristics, diet, clothing, housing and occupation.

Question 2.
What features of our surroundings form the means of our livelihood?
Answer:
The climate, rainfall, agricultural produce, flora and fauna of the region where we live form the source or means of our livelihood.

Question 3.
Which region is known as the Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and India together form the region known as south Asia. Considering the expanse and significance of India in this region, it is also known as the Indian subcontinent.

3. Give reasons:

Question 1.
There is a close relation between history and geography.
Answer:

• Time, place, society and individuals are four major pillars without which history cannot be written.
• Of these four components ‘place’ is related to geography or geographical conditions.
• This makes history and geography inseperable i.e. very closely related.

Question 2.
People are forced to leave their settlements.
Answer:

• Sometimes reasons like degradation of the environment, drought, invasion, etc. leads to scarcity of means.
• Therefore, people are forced to leave their settlements in their fight for survival.

4. Explain the difference in the human life in the hilly regions and that on the plains.
Answer:

Human life in the Hilly region	Human life in the Plains
(1) Human life was very strenuous	(1) Life was more comfortable.
(2) Land was not fertile. therefore no So agriculture was wcarried on.	(2) Land was very Fertile So agriculture   was carried on.
(3) Grains and vegetables Grains and are scarce.	(3) Grains and vegetables are found in plenty
(4) They depend on hunting and gathering  for their food.	(4) They do not depend on hunting and gathering for their food.

5. Observe the physical map of India and answer the questions based on it:

Question 1.
Which mountain ranges lie in the north of India?
Answer:
The Hindukush and the Himalayan mountain ranges.

Question 2.
Which are the routes to India from the north-east?
Answer:
The route to India from the north east is by sea.

Question 3.
Where do the Ganga and Brahmaputra meet?
Answer:
The Ganga and Brahmaputra meet in Bangladesh.

Question 4.
Name the islands to the east of the Indian peninsula.
Answer:
The Andaman and Nicobar islands are the Indian islands to the east of the Indian peninsula.

Question 5.
In which part of India do we see the Thar Desert?
Answer:
We see the Thar Desert in the north western part of India.

Activity:

• Obtain information about the lakes or reservoirs in your locality.
• Show the following on a world map :
  1. The Himalaya Mountain
  2. The Silk Road
  3. Arabia

Class 6 History Chapter 1 The Indian Subcontinent and History Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option:

Question 1.
________ is a coherent account of the significant past events in the progress of human culture.
(a) History
(b) Geography
(c) Civics
Answer:
History

Question 2.
Not much fertile land is available in the ______ region.
(a) plains
(b) hilly
(c) plateau
Answer:
hilly

Question 3.
Grains and vegetables are _______ in the hilly areas.
(a) scarce
(b) plenty
(c) moderate
Answer:
scarce

Question 4.
In the ______ regions, people depend more on hunting and gathering for their food.
(a) plateau
(b) plains
(c) hilly
Answer:
hilly

Question 5.
Human settlements have flourished wherever the means of living are _______.
(a) scarce
(b) plentiful
(c) moderate
Answer:
plentiful

Question 6.
_____ lies to the north of India.
(a) Andaman
(b) Western Ghats
(c) Himalayas
Answer:
Himalayas

Question 7.
_____ lies to the east of India.
(a) Bay of Bengal
(b) Eastern ghats
(c) Lakshadweep
Answer:
Bay of Bengal

Question 8.
_________ lies to west of India.
(a) Himalayas
(b) Arabian sea
(c) Brahmaputra
Answer:
Arabian sea

Question 9.
______ lies to the south of India.
(a) Indian Ocean
(b) Arabian Sea
(c) Pacific Ocean
Answer:
Indian Ocean

Question 10.
The Hindukush and Himalayan ranges have created an impenetrable wall on the nothern side of the ________ subcontinent.
(a) Indian
(b) Foreign
(c) Asian
Answer:
Indian

Question 11.
There is a land route through the Khyber and Bolan passes in the ______ mountains.
(a) Himalayan
(b) Satpuda
(c) Hindukush
Answer:
Hindukush

Question 12.
The _____ desert spreads across Rajasthan, Haryana and some parts of Gujarat.
(a) Bhor
(b) Thar
(c) Arabian
Answer:
Thar

Question 13.
The _______ river that originates in Himachal Pradesh reaches the Thar desert.
(a) Ganga
(b) Sindhu
(c) Ghaggar
Answer:
Ghaggar

Question 14.
A region that is bound by sea on three sides is called a ______.
(a) peninsula
(b) plateau
(c) island
Answer:
peninsula

Question 15.
A major part of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the_______ plateau.
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Bengal
(c) Deccan
Answer:
Deccan

Question 16.
The mountain ranges of the Vindhya and Satpuda are located to the of the ________ Deccan Plateau.
(a) east
(b) north
(c) west
Answer:
north

Question 17.
Deccan plateau was a part of the ______ empire, the largest in ancient India.
(a) Maurya
(b) Gupta
(c) Chola
Answer:
Maurya

Question 18.
Lakshadweep is a group of Indian islands in the _____ Sea.
(a) Red
(b) Dead
(c) Arabian
Answer:
Arabian

Question 19.
The Harappan civilization had spread mainly in the ________ part of the Indian subcontinent.
(a) southeastern
(b) northwestern
(c) southwestern
Answer:
north western

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column (A)	Column (B)
(1) Himalayas	(a) South
(2) Indian Ocean	(b) East
(3) Arabian Sea	(c) North
(4) Bay of Bengal	(d) West

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – d
4 – b

Question 2.

Column (A)	Column (B)
(1) China	(a) Deccan plateau
(2) Vindhya range	(b) Not a part of Indian subcontinent
(3) Bangladesh	(c) In Bay of Bengal
(4) Andaman and Nicobar islands	(d) In the Hindukush mountains
(5) Khyber and Bolan passes	(e) Part of Indian subcontinent

Answer:
1 – b
2 – a
3 – e
4 – c
5 – d

Answer the following in one sentence:

Question 1.
Give the four major pillars without which history could not have been written.
Answer:
Time, place, society and individuals are the four major pillars of history, without which history could not have been written.

Question 2.
What has created an impenetrable wall on j the northern side of the Indian subcontinent? j
Answer:
Two mountain ranges, the Hindukush and Himalayan ranges have created an impenetrable wall on the northern side of the Indian subcontinent.

Question 3.
Which passes form a route in the Hindukush mountains?
Answer:
The Khyber and the Bolan passes form a land route in the Hindukush mountains.

Question 4.
What is known as ‘Hakra’ in Pakistan?
Answer:
The Ghaggar river that originates in Himachal Pradesh reaches the Thar desert. It is known as ‘Hakra’ in Pakistan.

Question 5.
Which plateau occupies a major part of the Indian peninsula?
Answer:
The Deccan plateau occupies a major part of the Indian peninsula.

Question 6.
Which mountain range is to the north of the Deccan plateau?
Answer:
The Vindhya and Satpuda mountain ranges are located to the north of the Deccan plateau.

Question 7.
Name the Indian islands in the Bay of Bengal.
Answer:
Andaman and Nicobar are the Indian islands in the Bay of Bengal.

Question 8.
Which manuscript mentions the Indian islands?
Answer:
The manuscript ‘Periplus of the Erythrean Sea’ or ‘Handbook of the Red Sea’ by an unknown Greek sailor, makes a mention of Indian islands.

Question 9.
Which two ancient cities are in today’s Pakistan?
Answer:
The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are in today’s Pakistan.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
State the extent of our country, India.
Answer:
Our country India, extends far and wide:

• To its north lies the Himalayas.
• To the east, the Bay of Bengal.
• To the west, the Arabian Sea.
• And to the south, the Indian ocean.
• Except for the islands of Andaman, Nicobar and Lakshadweep, the rest of the country is contiguous.

Question 2.
Describe the trade route from China to Arabia.
Answer:

• There is a land route through the Khyber and Bolan passes in the Hindukush mountains.
• This land route was connected to an ancient trade route.
• The trade route from China in the east passed through central Asia and reached Arabia in the west.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
The trade route from west to east was also called the silk route.
Answer:

• Silk was the main commodity exported to the western countries using this trade route.
• Therefore this trade route from west to east was called the ‘silk route’ or ‘silk road’.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans

Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Find the odd man out:

Question 1.
Shell, fish, crab, ship
Answer:
ship

Question 2.
Arabian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Dead Sea, Caspian Sea
Answer:
Dead Sea

Question 3.
Sri Lanka, India, Norway, Peru
Answer:
Sri Lanka

Question 4.
Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Bay of Bengal
Answer:
Bay of Bengal

Question 5.
Natural gas, salt, gold, manganese
Answer:
Natural gas

B. Write the answers:

Question 1.
Which items does man get from the oceans?
Answer:
Salt, fish, shells and other products, minerals like iron, lead, cobalt, sodium, manganese, chromium, zinc, mineral oil and natural gas are the items man gets from oceans.

Question 2.
Why It is economic to carry out transport by water ways.
Answer:

• Waterways is a cost-effective, fuel efficient and relatively more environment friendly means of transportation.
• Large scale transport of goods can be carried out with the help of ships, trawlers, boats, etc. at a low cost.
• So it is economic to carry out transport by waterway.

Question 3.
Why There is a difference in the climate of regions close to the oceans and regions far away from the oceans.
Answer:
(i) The oceans influence the climatic condition of a place. Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than regions away from the ocean.

(ii) There is a difference in the maximum and minimum temperature with the difference being less in coastal region (nearness to the sea) while it is more in the region far away from the sea (continentality).

(iii) The temperature in coastal areas remains equable due to the mixing of vapour released through evaporation of water from these water bodies into air. This vapour absorbs and stores the heat released from the land.

Question 4.
Which continents are located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean?
Answer:
Asia, Australia, North America and South America are the continents located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean.

Activity:

Colour the different oceans on an outline map of the world and prepare an index for the map. (See inside front cover, figure B.)

Project:

Group work: Make five groups. Each group should collect some information and pictures of one ocean. With the help of the information collected, each group should make a poster and make presentation.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans InText Questions and Answers

Think a little!

Question 1.
Where does the water flowing through the rivers go in the end?
Answer:
The water flowing through the rivers goes into the oceans in the end.

Question 2.
Are there volcanic eruptions in the seas?
Answer:
Yes, volcanic eruptions take place in the seas.

Question 3.
What would have happened if man had not discovered sea routes?
Answer:

• If there were no sea routes, we would lose out on the most economic option of transportation.
• Large scale transport of goods would become inconvenient.
• International trade too would suffer.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Where did all this water on the earth come from?
Answer:
While some scientists believe that water was created due to the impact of comets there are others who believe that Earth’s waters have existed since the birth of planet earth.

Find out:

Question 1.
Collect information about how a natural pearl is formed.
Answer:

• Natural pearls form when an irritant- usually a parasite and not the proverbial grain of sand – works its way into an oyster, mussel, or clam.
• As a defense mechanism, a fluid is used to coat the irritant.
• Layer upon layer of this coating called ‘nacre’ is deposited until a pearl is formed.

Question 2.
Which oceanic organism develops in it?
Answer:
The oceanic organism oyster develops in it.

Question 3.
In which sea is it found in India?
Answer:
The Arabian Sea.

What will you do?

Question 1.
Different marine animals like the blue whale, turtle, starfish, etc. appear before you in your dream and complain to you. They say, “You humans are not allowing us to live properly. You throw the waste and chemicals that you do not want into our house. The youngsters in our house are falling ill due to this. Some are getting killed. You must think about this situation and remove the pollution from the seas.” Now tell what you will do.
Answer:
“Environmental problems begin with people as the cause and end with people as the victims.” Different ways to remove pollution from sea are:

• Creating awareness amongst people.
• Organising a clean-up operation.
• Insisting that government take steps to prevent marine pollution caused due to waste disposal.
• Following the principle of recycling waste and proper treatment of sewage before its disposal into water bodies.
• Generating a sense of responsibility amongst the citizens.

Can you do it?

Question 1.
Sameer and Sania are playing a game of showing the waterways on a map of the world. Their routes are going in opposite directions. One of the following the eastern route while the other is making a route that takes to the west.

From Mumbai port some goods are to be taken to London in UK. On a map of the world, show at least two such routes with a pencil.
Write down the names of the ports of different nations that fall on the route followed by each.

Ports on the route followed by Sameer:

Answer:

• JNPT – India
• Nish tun – Yemen
• Salal – Oman
• Port of Berbera – Somalia
• Port of A1 Qusayr – Egypt
• Port of Said – Egypt Suez
• port – Egypt
• Port of Tenes – Algeria
• Port of Tunis – Tunisia
• Port of Bone facia – France
• Port of Aguilas – Spain
• Port of Adra – Spain
• Port of Gibraltar – Gibraltar
• Port of Sines – Portugal
• Swange Pier – UK
• Whitstable harbour – UK
• Purfleet Thames Terminal – UK
• Port of London – UK

Ports on the route followed by Sania:

• Port of Mergui – Myanmar
• Port of Ramong – Thailand
• Port of Krueng Raya – Indonesia, etc.

Question 2.
Which of the routes you feel is shorter? That of Sameer’s or Sania’s?
Answer:
Sameer’s route is shorter.

Question 3.
Which oceans does one have to pass through if one follows Sameer’s route or Sania’s route?
Answer:
If one follows Sameer’s route one has to pass through the Indian Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean. If Sania’s route is taken she has to pass through the Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean.

Question 4.
What are Panama and Suez? For what purpose were they constructed?
Answer:

• Panama and Suez are the canals in the sea built for commercial purpose.
• It helped in saving time, money and energy and gave a fillip to international trade due to the shorter distance and easy accessibility.

Question 5.
Have they been used in Sameer’s and Sania’s routes?
Answer:
Yes, Suez Canal is used in Sameer’s route while Panama Canal is used in Sania’s route.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Importance of Oceans Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill the blanks choosing the correct alternatives from the brackets:

Question 1.
The ______ includes all the water bodies like oceans, seas, rivers and their tributaries, lakes, reservoirs and also ground water that exist on the earth.
(lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere)
Answer:
hydrosphere

Question 2.
Total global water 97.7% is contained in ______ (lakes, oceans, seas)
Answer:
oceans

Question 3.
The ocean with an area 166,240,977 sq. km is the _______ ocean. (Indian, Atlantic, Pacific)
Answer:
Pacific

Question 4.
All rivers flowing from mountains or hilly areas finally meet in the ________.(lakes, seas, oceans)
Answer:
oceans

Question 5.
Salinity is expressed in terms of ______.(mils, ml, gms)
Answer:
mils

Question 6.
The average salinity of oceanic water is _______.(80%, 332%, 35%)
Answer:
35%

Question 7.
The salinity of the Dead Sea is _____.(332 %, 35%, 60%)
Answer:
332 %

Question 8.
About ________ of the surface of the earth is occupied by water. (90%, 95%, 70.8%)
Answer:
70.8%

Question 9.
Salt as a substance is obtained by constructing ______. (sea bed, salt pan, river bunds)
Answer:
salt pan

Question 10.
________ is conducted on a much higher scale as compared to the other modes of transport. (Water transport, Air transport, Road transport)
Answer:
Water transport

Question 11.
Pollution of _________ water is caused due to oil spills. (river, lake, oceanic)
Answer:
oceanic

Question 12.
Winds blowing due to pressure difference in the belts is called ______. (planetary winds, oceanic winds, minerals)
Answer:
planetary winds

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Oceans	The area in sq. km
(1) Pacific	(a) 20,327,000
(2) Atlantic	(b) 73,426,163
(3) Indian	(c) 166,240,977
(4) Southern	(d) 13,224,479
(5) the Arctic	(e) 86,557,402

Answer:
1 – c
2 – e
3 – b
4 – a
5 – d

Find the odd man out:

Question 1.
Pearls, corals, diamonds, medicinal plants
Answer:
diamonds

Question 2.
Spain, Norway, Japan, India
Answer:
India

Question 3.
Blue whale, sea turtles, seerfish, dolphins
Answer:
seerfish

Name the following:

Question 1.
Water bodies which are a part of the . hydrosphere.
Answer:
Oceans, seas, rivers and their tributaries, lakes, reservoirs, ground water.
Question 2.
Percentage of global waters contained in oceans.
Answer:
97.7%

Question 3.
Two aquatic animals found in the ocean.
Answer:

• Microscopic planktons
• Huge whales

Question 5.
Places where volcanic eruptions occur.
Answer:

• Land
• Ocean

Question 6.
Two minerals obtained from the sea.
Answer:

• Phosphates
• Sulphates

Question 7.
Two uses of marine animals.
Answer:

• Production of fertilisers
• Production of pharmaceuticals

Question 8.
Two countries with coastline which largely depends on the sea for their livelihood.
Answer:

• Seychelles
• Mauritius

Question 9.
The controller of global temperature and source of rains.
Answer:
Oceans.

Question 10.
The beginning and end of the water cycle takes place here.
Answer:
Oceans.

Question 11.
Two minerals obtained from the ocean floor.
Answer:

• Cobalt
• Sodium

Question 12.
Precious items obtained from the seas.
Answer:

• Pearls
• Corals

Question 13.
Mode of transport used for large scale transportation of goods.
Answer:

• Ships
• Trawlers

Question 14.
Two actions by man which has lead to large scale pollution in oceanic waters.
Answer:

• Oil spills
• Exploitative fishing

Answer the following in one sentence each:

Question 1.
What happens when aquatic animals die?
Answer:
When aquatic animals die, their remains accumulate in the oceans.

Question 2.
What enters the ocean with the rain water?
Answer:
Sediments from eroded lands, trees and bushes flowing with water, dead remains, etc. enter the ocean with the river water.

Question 3.
What happens when the dead remains in the ocean decompose?
Answer:
When the dead remains in the oceans decompose it releases various minerals and salts in the ocean water.

Question 4.
Where do we find maximum salinity?
Answer:
The Dead Sea is known to have the maximum salinity of 332%.

Question 5.
How is salt obtained?
Answer:
Salt as a substance is obtained by constructing salt pans in the coastal areas.

Question 6.
Which is one of the ancient occupations of human beings and what is the major purpose of his activity?
Answer:
Fishing is one of the ancient occupation and the major purpose of this activity is to obtain food.

Question 7.
How does the earth get rainfall?
Answer:
The oceans have a vast expanse, therefore huge amounts of vapour get created and this process goes on continuously and from this vapour the earth gets rainfall.

Question 8.
How is pollution caused in oceanic water?
Answer:
In order to fulfill his requirements, man undertakes many activities that lead to the production of huge amounts of different types of waste materials which cause pollution.

Question 9.
Write anyone cause of pollution of oceanic waters.
Answer:
Cutting of mangroves forests in coastal areas is one of the main cause of pollution in oceanic waters.

Question 10.
How does oceanic pollution affect the aquatic animals?
Answer:
Due to oceanic pollution many aquatic animals are under the threat of being extinct. For example, the blue whale, some types of sea turtles, dolphins, etc.

Question 11.
Which items does man get from the oceans?
Answer:
Salt, fish, shells and other products, minerals like iron, lead, cobalt, sodium, manganese, chromium, zinc, mineral oil and natural gas are the items man gets from oceans.

Question 12.
Which continents are located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean?
Answer:
Asia, Australia, North America and South America are the continents located along the coast of the Pacific Ocean.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
The ocean water is saltier than drinking water.
Answer:

(i) In drinking water, the proportion of salts is quite low. Water from oceans and seas has a greater amount of salt. Hence it tastes salty.

(ii) Volcanic eruptions leads to increase in the level of salts and minerals in ocean water.

(iii) Volcanic eruptions takes place in the oceans. During volcanic eruptions different minerals, ashes, salts and gases are added to the water. This increases the level of salts and minerals in ocean water.

(iv) Due to continuous evaporation of oceanic water, the proportion of salt increase.

Question 2.
The temperature in coastal areas remains equable.
Answer:

(i) In regions close to the oceans, seas or large reservoirs, there is not much of a difference in the temperature throughout the day.

(ii) The main reason for this is the mixing of vapour released through evaporation of water from these water bodies into air.

(iii) This vapour in the air absorbs and stores the heat released from the land.

(iv) Hence, the temperature in coastal regions remain equable.

Question 3.
It is economic to carry out transport by water ways.
Answer:

• Waterways is a cost-effective, fuel efficient and relatively more environment friendly means of transportation.
• Large scale transport of goods can be carried out with the help of ships, trawlers, boats, etc. at a low cost.
• So it is economic to carry out transport by waterway.

Question 4.
There is a difference in the climate of regions close to the oceans and regions far away from the oceans.
Answer:
(i) The oceans influence the climatic condition of a place. Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than regions away from the ocean.

(ii) There is a difference in the maximum and minimum temperature with the difference being less in coastal region (nearness to the sea) while it is more in the region far away from the sea (continentality).

(iii) The temperature in coastal areas remains equable due to the mixing of vapour released through evaporation of water from these water bodies into air. This vapour absorbs and stores the heat released from the land.

Question 5.
Oceans act as the controller of global temperature.
Answer:

(i) Winds move the oceanic water in the form of currents.

(ii) Ocean currents move from the equatorial region to polar regions and from polar regions to the equatorial region.

(iii) This leads to the redistribution of heat on the earth.

(iv) The cold currents moving towards the equatorial region making the temperature of coastal areas in that zone milder whereas the warm currents coming in the colder region cause the temperature in coastal areas to rise. Hence, the oceans act as the controller of global temperature.

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
What are planetary winds?
Answer:

• Equatorial regions receives perpendicular sunrays.
• As a result these areas get more heat whereas the polar regions receive highly slant rays.
• This differential heating creates imbalance in the temperature of air in different parts leading to formation of belts of high and low pressure on earth.
• Winds blow1 due to the pressure differences in these belts. These winds are called Planetary Winds.

Question 2.
Write in brief about oceanic transport.
Answer:

• Oceans have provided us the most economic option of transportation.
• Large scale transportation of goods is carried out with the help of ships, trawlers, boats, etc.
• International trade is carried out on a large scale using waterways.
• Countries like Spain, Norway, Japan have a good coastline due to which goods are transported by ocean routes, making these countries important.

Question 3.
How do ocean currents aid water transport?
Answer:

• Ocean currents are quite important in water transport.
• As far as possible water transport is carried out along ocean currents.
• They accelerate the speed of the ships and also save fuel to a considerable extent.

Question 4.
List the causes that lead to large scale pollution of oceanic water.
Answer:
The causes that lead to large scale pollution of oceanic water are:

• Oil spills.
• Releasing the waste produced in the coastal cities into the seas.
• Materials thrown out from ships.
• Exploitative fishing.
• Cutting of mangrove forests in coastal areas.
• Disasters caused by the water mines.
• Sewage released by industries and cities.
• Excavation carried out in the seas.

Do it yourself!

Question 1.
Calculate the difference between the mean maximum and minimum temperature and write in the last column

Place	Country	Mean Max. Temp. °C	Mean Min. Temp. °C	Range of Temperature
Beijing	China	18.4	08.4	10
Istanbul	Turkey	18.0	10.0	08		_______
Madrid	Spain	19.0	09.0	10
New York66	United States	16.3	08.3	08		________
Denver	United States	16.2	02.2	14
Kabul	Afghanistan	14.7	05.2	09.5		________
Baghdad	Iraq	30.4	14.7	15.7

Question 2.
Highlight the rows for the places having a range of temperatures over 10°C with red colour, other rows in blue colour (Refer the above table)
Question 3.
Find the locations of these places from an atlas. (Students activity)
Question 4.
Which places are closer to the oceans? Tell whether the range of temperature at these
places is l ess or more?
Answer:
Istanbul and New York are closer to the oceans. These places which are closer to the oceans have lesser range of temperature.

Question 5.
What might be the main reason leading to differences in the temperature range in different places?
Answer:
The main reason leading to differences in temperature range in different places is because of the location of the place on the planet earth. Other factors like latitude, altitude, atmosphere, ocean currents, planetary winds etc. too have their impact.

Question 6.
In which thermal zone are all these places located?
Answer:
All these places are located in the temperate thermal zone.

Question 7.
Which places are fai away from the oceans?
Do these places have a greater or smaller temperature range?
Answer:
Istanbul, Denver, Kabul and Baghdad are far away from the ocean as these places have a greater temperature range.

Question 8.
Mention the places having the smallest and greatest temperature ranges.
Answer:
Istanbul and New York have the smallest temperature range while Baghdad has the greatest temperature range.

Question 9.
Draw a graph for the above data. Use a proper colour scheme.
Answer:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 10 Human Occupations Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 10 Human Occupations

Class 6 Geography Chapter 10 Human Occupations Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Select the correct option:

Question 1.
Serving as a ______ is a tertiary type of occupation.(bus conductor, veterinary doctor, brick kiln worker)
Answer:
bus conductor

Question 2.
In the tropical areas, we mainly see ________ occupations. (primary; secondary, tertiary)
Answer:
primary

Question 3.
Amol’s Granny sells papads and pickles. This is a _______ occupation. (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Answer:
secondary

B. Give reasons:

Question 1.
The type of occupation determines a person’s
income.
Answer:
(i) Occupation is a job, a person’s role in society wherein a regular activity is carried out for income.

(ii) Certain occupations bring greater economic benefits to the society and the nation at large while certain occupations bring relatively less economic benefits.

(iii) Similarly some occupations require higher level of knowledge and skill while some can be carried out with little or no skill or expertise. Person’s income is proportionate to the economic benefit his occupation brings with it and the land of his knowledge and skill. So the type of occupation determines a person’s income.

Question 2.
Primary occupations are associated with developing countries while tertiary, with developed countries.
Answer:
(i) Countries which are developing have low income as they are in a state of development and their main source of income comes from production carried out in primary sector.

(ii) Developed countries are rich with high income and so they practice tertiary occupation. They have enough money to invest in business which creates tertiary occupations which requires huge investment.

Question 3.
Quaternary occupations are not commonly seen.
Answer:
Quaternary occupations are occupations which require special knowledge, skills and expertise. This sectorevolves in well-developed countries and requires skilled workforce apart from sufficient money to invest in fields like IT, research and development, quality testing, etc.

Activity:

• Visit a secondary occupation in your area.
• Gather information related to that occupation
• using the following points and note it down.
• Name of the occupation
• Raw material used
• Source of raw material
• Finished product
• Market for finished product
• Tertiary occupations required in it.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 10 Human Occupations InText Questions and Answers

Look at the figure and answer the following questions:




Question 1.
What are the cows and buffaloes in picture A doing?
Answer:
The animals, cows and buffaloes are grazing in the pasture, i.e. land covered with grass and other low plants.

Question 2.
What is being obtained in picture B?
Answer:
Milk is being obtained in picture B.

Question 3.
What is happening at the Milk Collection Centre in picture C?
Answer:
Milk is being filled for storage and sold at the milk collection centre.

Question 4.
In picture D, what is being transported? Where could the tanker be going?
Answer:
Milk is being transported to the milk processing centre. The tanker is on the truck

Question 5.
Which products are seen in picture E? From what have these products been made?
Answer:
Curd, ghee, butter, cheese and shrikhand are the products seen in picture E and these products have been made from milk.

Question 6.
What else is happening in picture E?
Answer:
In picture E, person is testing the quality of the prepared milk products.

Question 7.
Out of the products shown in picture F, which products do you use?
Answer:
I use all the products shown in picture F as milk products are high on nutrients and good for health.

Question 8.
What would be main difference between milk and milk products?
Answer:
Milk is a beverage obtained from nature, directly from different animals. While milk products are obtained by processing milk into different products.

Question 9.
Do these products perish quickly like milk?
Answer:
No, they have a longer life unlike milk.

Look at the figure and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which of these activities is undertaken to obtain a product from nature?
Answer:
Obtaining milk from the cow is the activity undertaken to obtain a product from nature.

Question 2.
How long does this product last?
Answer:
If refrigerated it will last for about five days to one week.

Question 3.
In which picture is the product obtained from nature being collected?
Answer:
In picture C, the product obtained from nature is being collected.

Question 4.
Which service did the milk producer get through this activity?
Answer:
Transport and unloading of milk, a tertiary service is the service which the milk producer received.

Question 5.
Where is milk being taken? What happens to the milk thereafter?
Answer:
The milk is being taken to the milk processing centre for processing milk to make milk products.

Question 6.
What milk products are seen in the picture?
Answer:
Ghee, butter, cheese, shrikhand are the products seen in the picture.

Question 7.
Who inspects these products?
Answer:
A food inspector, a person with special skill and expertise inspects these products.

Question 8.
What does the shopkeeper do with these products?
Answer:
The shopkeeper sells these products to the consumer.

Question 9.
Which of these products are perishable and which are non- perishable?
Answer:
All are the products, even after proper storage will deteriorate and perish over a period of time.

Question 10
Will the price and weight of these products be same as that of the milk?
Answer:
The price and weight of these products will be higher after processing. These products will be more durable and its quality too will be enhanced and so their price will be also higher.

Use your brainpower!

Question 1.
Milk is available at ₹ 40 per litre while dahi at ₹ 60 per kg and paneer at ₹ 200 per kg. If both are obtained from milk, why is there so much difference in their prices?
Answer:
Milk is being processed, obtained from nature and made it into different products. These products are more durable. Their quality its enhanced and therefore their price is higher.

Answer the following questions based on the pie charts:

Question 1.
Which country has more manpower engaged in primary occupation?
Answer:
Bangladesh.

Question 2.
Which country has more manpower engaged in secondary occupation?
Answer:
Turkey.

Question 3.
Which country has more manpower engaged in tertiary occupations?
Answer:
United Arab Emirates.

Question 4.
Which country has almost equal manpower engaged in all the occupations?
Answer:
Turkey.

Think a little!

Who am I?

Question 1.
Who examines us when we fall ill?
Answer:
Doctor

Question 2.
Who checks our examination papers?
Answer:
Teacher

Question 3.
Who prepares the designs of buildings?
Answer:
Architect

Question 4.
Who produces machines and looks after their maintenance and repairs?
Answer:
Engineer

Observe figure and answer the questions related to sugar production:



Question 1.
Classify the occupations from primary to quaternary
Answer:

Primary	Secondary	Tertiary	Quaternary
Harvesting of sugarcane	Sugarcane being collected at factory	Transport of sugarcane	Quality check
	Processing of sugarcane juice	Sacks of sugar being canned	Inspection and maintenance of machinery in the factory
	Sugar production	Sale of goods

Question 2.
Which raw material is used in the secondary occupation?
Answer:
Sugarcane is the raw material used in the secondary occupation.

Question 3.
Which is the finished product obtained in the secondary occupation?
Answer:
Sugar is the finished product obtained in the secondary occupation.

Question 4.
What are the services in tertiary occupations?
Answer:
Transport of sugarcane, sacks of sugar being carried and sales of goods are the services in tertiary occupations.

Question 5.
Which picture is related to a quaternary occupation? Can you name the occupation?
Answer:
Picture G is related to a quaternary occupation. The occupation is quality testing.

Think and discuss:

What effect does nature have on our occupations? Think a little. Give a thought to the following issues. Discuss them in the class. Write two paragraphs about it.

• There have been no rain at all (drought).
• A storm strikes
• There was an earthquake.
• Untimely rains
• Good rains
• Excessive rains and floods
• All of a sudden, a volcano erupts
• A tsunami hits.

Answer:
Primary occupations like agriculture can be totally disrupted if there are no rains or excessive rains while good rains will usher with good agricultural output. When we receive good agricultural yield it will have a positive input on all secondary occupations which rely on agriculture. It will bring about all-round growth in both agricultural and industrial sector.

Natural calamities like storms, earthquake, volcanoes and tsunami can have adverse impact on various occupations. It can bring all the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary occupations to a standstill. Occupations related to production, storage, distribution, etc. will be greatly affected as rescue and rehabilitation of the people and reconstruction of the damaged caused, becomes a priority.

Do it yourself!

Question 1.
Which occupations are found in your area?
Answer:
I live in Maharashtra and occupations like textile manufacture, manufacture of sugar, pharmaceutical, petrochemicals, electronics, automobiles, engineering services, food processing, etc. are practised here.

Question 2.
Which occupation is practised on a large scale?
Answer:
Sugar manufacturing is an occupation which is practised on a large scale.

Question 3.
Find the reason behind it.
Answer:
Advantageous location of Maharashtra, progressive government policies, availability of raw material, i.e. sugarcane, good infrastructure and above all the ownership given to farmers in sugar factories are the reasons why this occupation is practised on a large scale.

Question 4.
Both human and natural factors affect occupations. Can you find those factors?
Answer:
Development of industries, availability of technical know-how and skilled manpower, existing labour laws and government policies pertaining to occupations development of infrastructure are the human factors that affect occupations.
Climate, terrain of a region, fertility of soil, susceptibility to natural calamities, availability of raw materials, etc. are the natural factors which affect occupations.

Question 5.
Obtain information about the damage caused to the environment through different occupations.
Answer:
Pollution of the environment in all its form – air, water, soil and land, deforestation, soil erosion, depletion of the ozone layer, etc. are some of the damages caused due to different occupations practised.

While practising occupations we should be careful not be cause of hazardous air emissions, land contamination leading to soil pollution, marine and coastal pollution caused due to untreated waste water, etc. Sustainable development, let us remember should be the need of the hour.

Visit a secondary occupation in your area gather information related to that occupation using the following points and note it down:
Answer:

Name of the occupation	Pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Raw material used	Animal extracts, herbal extracts, additives like glaze, talc, etc. and chemical substances.
Sources of raw material	From different parts of India, some raw materials are imported from other countries.
Finished products	Medicine and other pharma products.
Market of finished products	National and international markets including US, UK, Australia, Russia, Germany, etc.
Tertiary occupations	Transport of goods, loading and unloading of goods and sale of goods.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 10 Human Occupations Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the following statements by choosing the correct options:

Question 1.
Occupations which are dependent on nature are called _______ occupations. (secondary, primary, tertiary)
Answer:
primary

Question 2.
Processed products are ________.(non-perishable, more durable, less durable)
Answer:
more durable

Question 3.
Occupations dependent on primary occupations are called ______ occupations. (primary, secondary, quaternary)
Answer:
secondary

Question 4.
The occupations which provide complimentary services to the other two occupations are called _________ occupations. (tertiary, secondary, primary)
Answer:
tertiary

Question 5.
Countries which have more manpower engaged in _______ activities are considered to be developed countries. (primary , secondary, tertiary)
Answer:
tertiary

Question 6.
Countries which have more manpower engaged in primary activities are considered to be _____ countries. (developed, developing, under developed)
Answer:
developing

Question 7.
transactions decide the country’s ______.(production, occupation, manpower)
Answer:
primary

Arrange the following in proper order:

• Selling milk products in the market.
• Obtaining milk and selling milk.
• Processing milk at milk processing centres.
• Rearing of domestic animals.
• Making ghee, butter, cheese, shrikhand, paneer, milk powder, etc.

Answer:

• Rearing of domestic animals.
• Obtaining milk and selling milk.
• Processing milk at milk processing centre.
• Making ghee, butter, cheese, shrikhand, paneer, milk powder, etc.
• Selling milk products in the market.

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Column A	Column B
(1) Animal husbandry and fishing	(a) secondary occupation
(2) Processing of milk	(b) tertiary occupation
(3) Transport of goods	(c) quaternary occupation
(4) Quality testing of product	(d) primary occupation
(5) Transaction of the country	(e) economic transactions
	(f) production

Answer:
1 – d
2 – a
3 – b
4 – c
5 – f

Name the following:

Question 1.
Any two products obtained after processing milk at milk processing centre:
Answer:

1. Butter
2. Cheese

Question 2.
Any two animals domesticated by man:
Answer:

1. Cow
2. Buffalo

Question 3.
Occupation which is directly dependent on nature:
Answer:
Primary occupations.

Question 4.
Occupations dependent on primary occupations:
Answer:
Secondary occupations.

Question 5.
Occupations which provide complementary services to primary and secondary occupations:
Answer:
Tertiary occupations.

Question 6.
Occupations like sale of goods
Answer:
Tertiary occupations or service occupations

Question 7.
Occupations which requires special expertise:
Answer:
Quaternary occupations.

Question 8.
Countries which have more manpower engaged in tertiary activities:
Answer:
Developed countries.

Question 9.
Countries which have more manpower engaged in primary activities:
Answer:
Developing countries.

Complete the table:

Occupations	Definition	Examples
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

Answer:

Occupations	Definition	Examples
Primary	Occupation which directly depend on nature are called primary occupations.	Farming, animal husbandry, mining, foresting, fishing.
Secondary	Occupations dependent on primary occupations are called secondary occupations.	Food processing, manufacturing, construction.
Tertiary	Occupations which provide complementary services to primary and secondary occupations are called tertiary occupations.	Transport of goods, commercial services, loading and unloading goods, sale of goods.
Quaternary	The occupations which requires special expertise and special skills are called quaternary occupations.	Quality testing of food products, inspection and maintenance., IT.

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
Why does man undertake various activities?
Answer:
Man undertakes various activities to satisfy his need.

Question 2.
How are activities undertaken by man classified?
Answer:
Activities undertaken by man are classified on the basis of their nature and the products they yield.

Question 3.
Where are raw materials supplied to the industries often obtained from?
Answer:
Raw materials supplied to the industries are often obtained from nature.

Question 4.
Which occupations require special skills and expertise?
Answer:
Quaternary occupations requires special skills and expertise.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Why are the prices of processed milk products higher?
Answer:

• Milk obtained from nature is processed and made into different products which involves high cost.
• These products are more durable.
• Their quality too is enhanced.
• Therefore their price is also higher.

Question 2.
Explain the term “Service occupation”.
Answer:

• The occupations which provide complementary services to the other two occupations, i.e., primary and secondary occupations are tertiary occupations.
• These occupations are complementary i.e., supportive to all other occupations.
• These occupations are called as service occupation e.g., transport of goods, loading and unloading of goods and sale of goods, etc.

Question 3.
A person testing the quality of a product is practising a quaternary occupation. Elaborate.
Answer:

• To test the quality of a product, a person must have some special skills.
• This service is not an ordinary one but the one which requires special expertise.
• Such services which requires special skills and expertise are called quaternary occupations.

Question 4.
How can we decide the extent of the country’s development?
Answer:

• Different occupations are practised in different countries of the world.
• Through these occupations, economic transactions occur within a country and between various countries.
• These transactions decide the country’s production of various goods and their national income.
• This, in turn, is used to decide the extent of a country’s development.

Question 5.
What decides the country’s annual income?
Answer:
Different occupations are practised in different countries of the world through which economic transactions occur within country and various countries which decide the country’s production of various goods and their annual income.

I can do this!

Question 1.
Answer:

Name different occupations

Primary occupation Secondary occupation Tertiary occupation Quaternary occupation

Differences

Primary occupations are those occupations which are dependent on nature, e.g. Agriculture. Occupations dependent on primary occupations are called secondary occupations, e.g. Food processing. Those occupations which provide complementary services to primary and secondary occupation are called tertiary occupations, e.g. Sale of goods. While occupation which requires special skills and expertise are called quaternary occupation, e.g. Quality assurance.

Question 2.
Classify the occupations from primary to quaternary.
Answer:

Primary occupations	Secondary occupations	Tertiary occupations	Quaternary occupations
Farming, mining, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing	Manufacturing, construction, food processing	Commercial services, transport of goods, loading and unloading of goods, sale of goods	Research and development, IT, quality assurance, inspection and maintenance

 

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 5 Temperature Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra Board Class 6 Geography Solutions Chapter 5 Temperature

Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Temperature Textbook Questions and Answers

A. Where am I?

Question 1.
The isotherm 0°C runs in my surroundings:
Answer:
Northern Asia/Northem Canada.

Question 2.
The mean annual temperature is 25°C around me:
Answer:
Central Africa.

Question 3.
The mean annual temperature around me is 10°C:
Answer:
Northern Europe/Central Asia/USA.

B. Who am I?

Question 1.
I connect places of equal temperature.
Answer:
Isotherm.

Question 2.
I am useful for measuring the correct temperature.
Answer:
Simple thermometer.

Question 3.
I get heated due to the land or water near me.
Answer:
Air.

Question 4.
Land and water gets heated due to me.
Answer:
Sunrays.

C. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Explain with a diagram, the effect of the spherical shape of the earth on the temperature at different latitudes.
Answer:

• Due to the spherical shape of the earth and the resultant curvature of the surface, sunrays occupy a larger or a lesser area.
• Equatorial regions which receive straight rays of the sun occupy less space and heat received is more.
• Polar regions receive slant rays of the sun occupy larger space but the heat received is less.

Question 2.
What is the relation between the latitudinal extent and temperature of a region?
Answer:

• 0° and 23° 30′ North and South perpendicular rays. Temperatures are higher throughout the year.
• 23° 30′ and 66° 30′ North and South receive extreme slant rays. Temperatures are moderate.
• 66° 30′ and 90° North and South receive extreme slant rays. Temperatures are very low.

Question 3.
What makes the isotherms run zigzag over continental areas?
Answer:
Isotherms run zigzag over continental areas because the temperature is influenced by its physical set up and height above the mean sea level on the continent.

Activity:

• Use the thermometer in your school and note the daily temperature on a display board.
• For two weeks, take down in your notebook, the information regarding weather given in the daily newspapers. Discuss your notes in the classroom.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Temperature InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Question 1.
Find the range of temperature at Mumbai, Nagpur and Srinagar. Draw bar graphs for the same.
Answer:
Annual Range of temperature in °C

Region	Min. temperature	Max. temperature
Mumbai	20.5	32
Nagpur	22	44
Srinagar	2.5	24

Answer the following questions with the help of figure:

Question 1.
What is the tube of the thermometer fixed on ?
Answer:
The tube of the thermometer is fixed on a mount.

Question 2.
What substance is used in the thermometer tube?
Answer:
Mercury or alcohol is used in the thermometer tube.

Question 3.
What do the figures on the scale indicate?
Answer:
The figures on the scale indicate temperature scale.

Question 4.
In which different units is the temperature measured?
Answer:
The temperature shows Celsius and Fahrenheit.

Question 5.
What season does the temperature in the figure indicate?
Answer:
The figure indicates summer season.

How will the rays fall between:

Question 1.
0° and 23° 30′ North and South?
Answer:
Perpendicular rays.

Question 2.
23° 30′ and 66° 30′ North and South?
Answer:
Slant rays.

Question 3.
66° 30′ and 90° North and South?
Answer:
Extreme slant rays.

What will you do?

You stay at ‘Man’ in Satara district. Your Grandma stays at Vengurla in Sindhudurg district. During Diwali, you often visit Vengurla. You like the sea coast there. The warm air of that region attracts you because you are freed from the dry air and scratching cold of your place. This time Grandma is suffering from asthma. Doctors have advised her to stay at a place which has a drier climate. What should you do?
Answer:

• Humid air is heavier than dry air, thus a person suffering from asthma finds it difficult to breathe in humid air.
• So, I will take my grandma to my place at Man’ in Satara district, as the air is dry in this region.

Think a little!

Question 1.
Will it be alright if water or oil is used in the thermometer?
Answer:
Water or oil cannot be used in a thermometer because they have a very high freezing part due to the lower temperature upto 30°C cannot be shown.

Question 2.
Where is the temperature of your district headquarters recorded?
Answer:
The temperature of the district headquarters is recorded in the district meteorological department.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Which season would be the best for visiting the following places and why? Goa, Chikhaldara, Chennai, Darjeeling, Ellora, Agra.
Answer:
Goa, Chennai, Ellora and Agra in the winter season. Chikhaldara and Darjeeling in the summer season.

Question 2.
Tell if the following statement is right or wrong. Give reasons.
In order to understand the climate of a region, the latitudinal extent is more useful than the longitudinal extent.
Answer:
The above statement is right.
In order to understand the climate of a region, the latitudinal extent is more useful because the earth is divided into three temperature zones depending on the amount of heat received from the equator to the North and South Poles.

Observe the map. Name the coastal areas that will experience changes in temperature. Give the reason for this.

Answer:
(i) West coast of North America : The California current moving from the Northern frigid zone to the torrid zone will reduce the temperature at this coast.

(ii) East coast of North America : The Gulf stream current flowing towards the northern frigid zone will increase the temperature at this coast.

(iii) West coast of Europe : The North Atlantic current flowing towards the Northern frigid zone will increase the temperature at this coast

Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Temperature Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks wish the right alternative given in the bracket:

Question 1.
The main factor which influences the distribution of temperature is ______. (ocean current, longitude, latitude)
Answer:
latitude

Question 2.
______gas can hold heat within itself in the atmosphere. (Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Hydrogen)
Answer:
Carbon dioxide

Question 3.
Isotherms are fairly parallel to the latitudinal line in the _____ hemisphere. (Northern, Western, Southern)
Answer:
Southern

Question 4.
Nagpur receives _______ climate. (extreme, equable, moderate)
Answer:
extreme

Question 5.
When an ocean current flows from the frigid to the torrid zone, it _____ the temperature of the coast in the torrid zone. (increase, reduces, equal)
Answer:
reduces

Question 6.
Isotherms are lines that connect places with the ______ temperature after avoiding the effect of the height, (different, same, moderate)
Answer:
same

Question 7.
Substance used in a thermometer tube is _____ (water, mercury, oil)
Answer:
mercury

Question 8.
The freezing point of mercury is _______°C. (-39, -49, -59)
Answer:
-39

Question 9.
The freezing point of alcohol is _____ °C. (-110, -120, -130)
Answer:
-130

Question 10.
Air temperature is measured in _______ (Celsius, Fahrenheit, Grams)
Answer:
Celsius

Match the pairs correctly:

Question 1.

Factor	Isoline
(1) Height	(a) Isotherm
(2) Temperature	(b) Isohyet
(3) Pressure	(c) Contour
(4) Rainfall	(d) Isobar
(5) Planktons	(e) Food for fishes
	(f) Ocean current

Answer:
1 – c
2 – a
3 – d
4 – b
5 – e

Give one word for the following sentences:

Question 1.
The sunrays which occupy less area.
Answer:
Perpendicular.

Question 2.
The sunrays which occupy larger area.
Answer:
Slant.

Question 3.
The climate in coastal areas.
Answer:
Equable.

Question 4.
The climate in continental areas.
Answer:
Extreme.

Question 5.
Food for fishes.
Answer:
Plankton.

Question 6.
Main factor responsible for influenceing the distribution of temperature.
Answer:
Latitude.

Question 7.
Measuring daily temperature.
Answer:
Thermometer.

Name the following:

Question 1.
Temperature zones on the earth:
Answer:
Torrid zone, temperate zone and frigid zone.

Question 2.
Lines drawn on a map by joining all the points having the same value:
Answer:
Isolines.

Question 3.
Two cold currents:
Answer:
Canaries and Peruvian current.

Question 4.
Two warm currents.:
Answer:
Equatorial and Brazil current.

Answer the following questions in one sentence each:

Question 1.
What is diurnal range of temperature?
Answer:
The difference in maximum and minimum temperature of a day is called diurnal range of temperature.

Question 2.
What factors leads to horizontal currents in the ocean?
Answer:
Horizontal currents develop in the ocean due

difference in temperature
density of water and
winds.

Question 3.
What is the advantage of the convergence of warm and cold current?
Answer:
The convergence of warm and cold current favours the growth of plankton.

Question 4.
What are isolines?
Answer:
Lines drawn on a map by joining all the points having the same value are called isolines.

Question 5.
Where is the distance between the isotherms parallel?
Answer:
The distance between the isotherms are parallel from South Pole to the Tropic of Capricorn.

Question 6.
Which factors lead to diversity in the climate of different regions?
Answer:
The factors which lead to diversity in the climate of different regions are nearness to the sea, continentality, height above the mean sea level and physical level.

Question 7.
What is an annual range of temperature?
Answer:
The difference in the mean temperatures of summer and winter is called an annual range of temperature.

Give geographical reasons for the following statements:

Question 1.
There is unequal distribution of heat received from the Sun.
Answer:
The unequal distribution of heat received from the Sun is because:

• The earth is spherical in shape.
• The rays which fall on the equator are straight, occupy less area and give more heat.
• The rays which fall on the curvature i.e., on the polar regions are slant rays which occupy large area and give less heat.

Question 2.
The temperature near the sea level is higher and it decreases in the mountainous region.
Answer:

• Firstly, the sea water gets heated by the rays of the sun.
• The absorbed heat is later radiated into the atmosphere.
• So, the layer of air close to the surface gets heated.
• This heat gets transferred vertically to the adjacent upper layers of air.
• Therefore, the temperature near the sea level is higher and it decreases at the mountainous region.

Question 3.
In the coastal areas, as compared to continental areas, the temperature of air is lower during the day but warmer at night.
Answer:

• There is difference in the heating and cooling of land and water.
• The air over the land gets heated faster and also cools rapidly.
• The air over the water gets heated slowly and also loses the heat in a slower manner.
• The temperature of air is lower during the day but warmer at night, in the coastal areas when compared to continental areas.

Question 4.
Greenhouse gases lead to increasing temperature of the earth.
Answer:

• Some gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide and water vapour can hold the heat within themselves for a long period of time.
• Due to the gases, the temperature of air in the atmosphere increases.
• Thus, greenhouse gases lead to increasing temperature of the earth.

Question 5.
Regions, where warm and cold currents converge, are favourable for the growth of fisheries.
Answer:

• Regions, where warm and cold currents converge, are favourable for the growth of planktons.
• Planktons are the food for fishes.
• Fishes travel here in large numbers.
• They breed in warm waters and increase the number of fishes.
• Therefore, regions where warm and cold currents converge favour the growth of fisheries.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Explain the movement of ocean currents from equator to the polar region.
Answer:
Due to temperature differences, both upward and horizontal currents develop in the ocean. Besides temperature differences, factors like winds and differences in the density of water also give rise to horizontal currents. These ocean currents flow from the equator to the polar region and from the polar region to the equator.

Question 2.
Explain the effect of the ocean current flows from the frigid to the torrid zone.
Answer:
When an ocean current flows from the frigid to the torrid zone, it reduces the temperature of the coasts in the torrid zone. When a current flows from the torrid to the frigid zone, it increases the temperature of the coasts in the frigid zone.

I can do this!

Question 1.
Identify the temperature zones.
Answer:
There are three temperature zones namely torrid, temperate and frigid zones.

Question 2.
Tell the factors influencing temperature.
Answer:
Factors influencing temperature are latitude, winds, nearness to the sea, continentality, vegetation cover, cloud cover, physical set up, height above sea level and industrialisation.

Question 3.
Describe the global distribution of temperature with its characteristics.
Answer:
The isotherms in the southern hemisphere are fairly parallel to the latitudinal lines. From South Pole to the Tropic of Capricorn the distance between these lines is almost equal. As the proportion of land in the southern hemisphere is limited, temperatures in these parts are largely influenced by latitude.

In the northern hemisphere, the distance between these lines varies. In this hemisphere, the proportion of land is comparatively greater. This affects the distribution of temperature. These effects are seen in the form of variations in the distance between the isotherms and curved nature of these lines.

Question 4.
Describe the structure of a thermometer.
Answer:
A vacuum glass tube is filled with mercury or alcohol is mounted on a wooden board. There are two temperature scales showing Celsius and Fahrenheit.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Marathi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 15 होळी आली होळी Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Marathi Solutions Chapter 15 होळी आली होळी (कविता)

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions Chapter 15 होळी आली होळी Textbook Questions and Answers

1. एक ते दोन शब्दांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न अ.
होळीला करावयाचा गोड पदार्थ?
उत्तर:
पुरण पोळी

प्रश्न आ.
केरकचरा टाकण्याचे ठिकाण?
उत्तर:
कचरा पेटी, खड्डा

2. एक-दोन वाक्यातं उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न अ.
कवीने काय तोडण्यास मनाई केली आहे?
उत्तर:
कवीने झाडे व फांदया तोडण्यास मनाई केली आहे.

प्रश्न आ.
होळीच्या वेळी झोळी कशाने भरावी?
उत्तर:
होळीच्या वेळी झोळी सद्गुणांनी भरावी.

प्रश्न इ.
होळीसाठी मोळी कशाची बांधावी?
उत्तर:
अनिष्ट रूढी व प्रथांची मोळी होळीसाठी बांधावी.

प्रश्न ई.
कवीने होळीच्या दिवशी कोणती शपथ घ्यायला सांगितली आहे?
उत्तर:
‘होळीच्या दिवशी वृक्ष राजी तोडणार नाही’ ही शपथ घ्यायला कवीने सांगितले आहे.

प्रश्न उ.
कवीच्या मताप्रमाणे होळी साजरी केल्यास त्याच्या घरी कोण पाणी भरेल?
उत्तर:
कवीच्या मताप्रमाणे होळी साजरी केल्यास त्याच्या घरी निसर्गराजा पाणी भरेल.

3. ‘पर्यावरणाचे भान ठेवून होळी साजरी करा.’ याबाबत तुमचे मत दोन – तीन वाक्यांत लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
‘पर्यावरणाचे भान ठेवून होळी साजरी करा.’ याबाबत तुमचे मत दोन – तीन वाक्यांत लिहा.
उत्तर:
‘होळी’ च्या सणादिवशी गल्लोगल्ली, जागोजागी होळी पेटवली जाते. या होळीमध्ये जाळण्यासाठी आपण झाडे मोठ्या प्रमाणावर तोडतो. ही झाडे जाळल्यामुळे वायू प्रदूषण एकाच दिवशी मोठ्या प्रमाणात होते. झाडे तोडल्यामुळे जीवनावश्यक ऑक्सीजनचे प्रमाण कमी झाले आहे. एकाच सार्वजनिक ठिकाणी आपण होळी जाळून तिची सर्वांनी सामूहिक पूजा केली तर होणारे मोठ्या प्रमाणावरील प्रदूषण आपणास टाळता येईल. होळीच्या दिवशी झाडे न तोडता झाडे लावण्याचा संकल्प करूयात व आपल्या पृथ्वीचे संवर्धन करूयात. पर्यावरणाचे रक्षण करूया.

4. ‘होळी’ च्या सणाची तयारी तुम्ही कशी कराल ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
‘होळी’ च्या सणाची तयारी तुम्ही कशी कराल ते लिहा.
उत्तर:
प्रथम मी घराच्या अंगणात पाण्याचा सडा शिंपडून अंगण स्वच्छ करून घेईन. नंतर होळीसाठी अंगणात एक छोटासा खड्डा तयार करेन. त्या खड्ड्यात थोड्या प्रमाणात वाळलेले गवत व शेणाच्या शेणी /गोवऱ्या उभ्या करून रचून ठेवेन. नंतर होळी भोवती सुंदर रांगोळी काढेन. घरात आईच्या कामात मदत करेन.

5. तुमच्या परिसरात ‘आदर्श होळी’ साजरी करण्यासाठी एक सूचना फलक तयार करा.

प्रश्न 1.
तुमच्या परिसरात ‘आदर्श होळी’ साजरी करण्यासाठी एक सूचना फलक तयार करा.

उत्तर:

6. होळी हा सण ‘फाल्गुन’ या मराठी महिन्यात येतो. त्याप्रमाणे खालील तक्ता दिनदर्शिका पाहून पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 1.
होळी हा सण ‘फाल्गुन’ या मराठी महिन्यात येतो. त्याप्रमाणे खालील तक्ता दिनदर्शिका पाहून पूर्ण करा.

उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
खालील सूचना वाचा. अशा आणखी सूचना तयार करा.

Class 6 Marathi Chapter 15 होळी आली होळी Additional Important Questions and Answers

एक ते दोन शब्दांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
एक प्रकारचे वस्त्र?
उत्तर:
बंडी

खालील कवितेच्या ओळी पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 1.
होळी आली होळी
खावी …………………………
…………………… तोडू नका,
केर-कचरा खड्ड्यात टाका.
उत्तर:
होळी आली होळी
खावी पुरणाची पोळी,
झाडे, फांदया तोडू नका,
केर-कचरा खड्ड्यात टाका.

प्रश्न 2.
होळी आली होळी
ठेवू ……………………………
……………………. वृक्ष राजी
घ्यावी आज अशी आण.
उत्तर:
होळी आली होळी
ठेवू पर्यावरणाचे भान,
नका तोडू वृक्ष राजी
घ्यावी आज अशी आण

प्रश्न 3.
होळीचा हा सण असा
……………………………….
……………………………….
स्वत: येऊन पाणी भरील.
उत्तर:
होळीचा हा सण असा
जो कोणी साजरा करील,
निसर्गराजा त्याच्या घरी
स्वत: येऊन पाणी भरील.

खालील प्रश्नांची प्रत्येकी एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
कोणत्या गोष्टीचे भान ठेवण्यास कवीने सांगितले आहे?
उत्तर:
पर्यावरणाचे भान ठेवण्यास कवीने सांगितले आहे.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास

प्रश्न अ.
‘होळी – पोळी’ यासारखे कवितेतील शब्द शोधून लिहा.
उत्तर:

1. नका – टाका
2. झोळी – मोळी
3. भान – आण
4. थंडी – बंडी
5. करील – भरील

प्रश्न आ.
खालील अक्षरांवर अनुस्वार (-) देऊन शब्द पुन्हा लिहा.
उत्तर:

1. फादया – फांदया
2. बाधू – बांधू
3. थडी – थंडी
4. बडी – बंडी
5. अडी – अंडी
6. बाधा – बांधा

होळी आली होळी Summary in Marathi

काव्यपरिचयः

प्रस्तुत कवितेत कवी दिलीप पाटील यांनी ‘होळी’ या सणाचे महत्त्व विशद केले आहे. त्याचबरोबर या सणाच्या निमित्ताने | कोणत्या गोष्टी सोडाव्या व कोणत्या गोष्टी आत्मसात कराव्यात याचे वर्णन केले आहे.

शब्दार्थ:

1. होळी – भारतातील एक सण (holi)
2. अनिष्ट – वाईट (evil)
3. रूढी – परंपरा (tradition, custom)
4. पर्यावरण – भोवतालचा परिसर (environment)
5. वृक्ष राजी – वन, जंगल (forests)
6. आण – शपथ (an oath)
7. बंडी – बनियन (under garment)
8. पाणी भरणे – मदत करणे (to help)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Marathi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 8 कुंदाचे साहस Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Marathi Solutions Chapter 8 कुंदाचे साहस

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions Chapter 8 कुंदाचे साहस Textbook Questions and Answers

1. दोन-तीन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न अ.
झाडे, शेते हिरवीगार कशामुळे झाली होती?
उत्तर:
पावसाळ्याचे दिवस होते, त्यामुळे झाडे, शेते हिरवीगार झाली होती.

प्रश्न आ.
कुंदा केव्हा पोहायला शिकली होती?
उत्तर:
कुंदा वयाच्या आठव्या वर्षी पोहायला शिकली होती.

प्रश्न इ.
कुंदाला नदीवर कोणते दृश्य दिसले?
उत्तर:
नीलाची ‘धावा! धावा! लवकर या, रझिया पाण्यात पडली’, कुणीतरी वाचवा हो! अशी हाक कानावर पडताक्षणी कुंदा नदीकाठी पोहोचली. आजूबाजूचे लोकही या आवाजाने नदीकडे धावू लागले. मुलींचा गोंधळही वाढू लागला होता. कुंदा नदीच्या काठावर येऊन क्षणभर थांबली. तिला रझिया पाण्यात गटांगळ्या खात त्या पाण्याच्या प्रवाहाबरोबर पुढे पुढे वाहत जात असलेली दिसली.

प्रश्न ई.
नदीच्या काठावरचे लोक कुंदाला कोणत्या सूचना देत होते ?
उत्तर:
‘कुंदा, पाण्याचा वेग वाढतो आहे. मागे फीर’ अशा सूचना नदीच्या काठावरचे लोक कुंदाला देत होते.

प्रश्न उ.
रझियाच्या आईच्या डोळ्यांतून आनंदाश्रू का आले?
उत्तर:
कुंदाने पाण्याच्या वाहत्या प्रवाहात उडी टाकून रझियाला वाचवले होते. त्या दोघीही सुरक्षित असल्याचे पाहून रझियाच्या आईने दोघींना घट्ट मिठी मारली. आपल्या रझियाचे प्राण धाडसामुळे वाचले, या विचाराने मन भरून आल्यामुळे रझियाच्या आईच्या डोळ्यांतून आनंदाश्रू आले.

2. खालील शब्दांचे विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा. 

प्रश्न 1.
खालील शब्दांचे विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा.
(अ) प्रसन्न × ………………
(ई) हसणे × ……………..
(आ) दूरवर × ……………
(उ) पुढे × …………..
(इ) शूर × ………….
(ऊ) लवकर × ………….
उत्तर:
(अ) प्रसन्न × अप्रसन्न
(ई) हसणे × रडणे
(आ) दूरवर × जवळ
(उ) पुढे × मागे
(इ) शूर × घाबरट, भित्रा
(ऊ) लवकर × उशिरा

3. पोहण्यामध्ये तरबेज असलेल्या व्यक्तीला ‘जलतरणपटू’ म्हणतात. या प्रकारचे खालील शब्द वाचा व त्यांच्या योग्य जोड्या लावा.

प्रश्न 1.
पोहण्यामध्ये तरबेज असलेल्या व्यक्तीला ‘जलतरणपटू’ म्हणतात. या प्रकारचे खालील शब्द वाचा व त्यांच्या योग्य जोड्या लावा.

‘अ’ गट	‘ब’ गट
(अ) क्रिकेट खेळण्यात पटाईत	1. वक्ता
(आ) धावण्यात पटाईत	2. क्रिकेटपटू
(इ) भाषण करण्यात पटाईत	3. धावपटू

उत्तर:

‘अ’ गट	‘ब’ गट
(अ) क्रिकेट खेळण्यात पटाईत	2. क्रिकेटपटू
(आ) धावण्यात पटाईत	3. धावपटू
(इ) भाषण करण्यात पटाईत	1. वक्ता

4. खालील खेळ खेळण्यासाठी आवश्यक असणाऱ्या वस्तू/गोष्टी लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
खालील खेळ खेळण्यासाठी आवश्यक असणाऱ्या वस्तू/गोष्टी लिहा.
(अ) क्रिकेट –
(आ) कबड्डी –
(इ) फुटबॉल –
(ई) लिंबूचमचा –
(उ) संगीतखुर्ची –
(ऊ) विटीदांडू –
(ए) लगोरी –
(ऐ) पोहणे –
उत्तर:
(अ) क्रिकेट – बॅट
(आ) कबड्डी – मातीचे मैदान, सफेद खडू / पावडर
(इ) फुटबॉल – नेट
(ई) लिंबूचमचा – लिंबू
(उ) संगीतखुर्ची – खुर्ची
(ऊ) विटीदांडू – दांडू
(ए) लगोरी – चिप्प्या
(ऐ) पोहणे – पोहण्याचा पोशाख, टोपी, पोहण्याचा चष्मा

5. कंसातील वाक्प्रचार दिलेल्या वाक्यांत योग्य ठिकाणी वापरा.
(दंग होणे, गलका वाढणे.)

प्रश्न अ.
शाळेची सुट्टी झाल्याबरोबर शाळेच्या मैदानात विदयार्थ्यांचा ………. वाढला.
उत्तरः
गलका वाढला

प्रश्न आ.
परीक्षा असल्यामुळे मुले अभ्यासात ………….. झाली.
उत्तर:
दंग झाली.

6. आंतरजालाचा उपयोग करून भारतीय जलतरणपटू यांची माहिती घ्या. प्रत्येक खेळाडूची माहिती चार-पाच वाक्यांत लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
आंतरजालाचा उपयोग करून भारतीय जलतरणपटू यांची माहिती घ्या. प्रत्येक खेळाडूची माहिती चार-पाच वाक्यांत लिहा.
उत्तर:
1. सेबेस्टियन झेविअर (Sebastian Xavier) – यांचा जन्म 10 फेब्रुवारी 1970 रोजी केरळ मध्ये झाला. 50 मीटर फ्री स्टाईल स्विमिंगमध्ये त्यांनी 22.89 सेकंदाचे राष्ट्रीय रेकॉर्ड जवळ जवळ अकरा वर्षे केले. त्यांनी दक्षिण आशियाई खेळात (SAF) 36 सुवर्णपदके मिळवली. 2001 मध्ये त्यांना खेळाच्या क्षेत्रातील सर्वोत्कृष्ट अर्जुन पुरस्काराने सन्मानित केले. त्यांच्या जन्म मनामईल (Manamayil) कुटुंबात केरळ राज्यातील ‘अलाप्पुझा’ (Alappuzha) जिल्हयात ‘इड्थूवा’ (Edathua) या ठिकाणी झाला.

त्यांचे माध्यमिक पर्यंतचे शिक्षण सेन्ट अॅलोसीयस (St. Aloysius) माध्यमिक शाळेत झाले. त्यांचे कॉलेजचे शिक्षण सेन्ट अॅलोसीयस (St. Aloysius) मध्ये झाले. त्याचवेळी त्यांनी वरिष्ठ जलतरणपटू म्हणून तयारी केली. तसेच लाईम लाईट (Lime light) खेळात कौशल्य दाखवले. नंतर ते भारतीय रेल्वेमध्ये राष्ट्रीय व आंतरराष्ट्रीय पातळीवर खेळू लागले. नंतर त्यांनी भारतीय अॅथलेटिक ‘मॉली चॉको’ (Molly Chacko) बरोबर लग्न केले. त्यानंतर ते दोघेही दक्षिण रेल्वे मध्ये काम करू लागले.

2. अंकुर पसेरीयाः (Ankur Paseria) यांचा जन्म 16 मार्च 1977 मध्ये झाला. ते भारतीय अमेरिकन जलतरणपटू आहेत. त्यांनी विशेष प्राविण्य बटरफ्लाय (butterfly events) या प्रकारात मिळवले आहे. 100 मीटर बटरफ्लाय या पोहण्याच्या प्रकारात त्यांनी रेकॉर्ड केले आहे. जपान येथे टोकियोमध्ये झालेल्या आशियाई खेळात त्यांच्याबरोबरच असलेला जलतरणपटू ‘वीरधवल खाडे’ याचे रेकॉर्ड ब्रेक केले. कॅलिफोर्नियाच्या ‘लॉस एन्जिल’ विदयापिठाची पदवी त्यांनी प्राप्त केली आहे. ते एक अष्टपैलू जलतरणपटू आहेत.

3. वीरधवल खाडे: मुळात कोल्हापूरचा असलेल्या खाडेने वयाच्या दहाव्या वर्षी पोहायला सुरूवात केली आणि तेव्हापासून त्याने खूप दूरवरचा पल्ला गाठला आहे. या सहा फूट उंचीच्या धिप्पाड मुलाला पोहण्याचे प्रशिक्षण ‘निहार अमीन’ यांनी दिले आहे. वीरधवल खाडे याने त्याच्या वयोगटात जगातील सर्वात वेगवान जलतरणपटू (पोहणारा) असा लौकिक मिळवला आहे.

आशियाई क्रीडास्पर्धांत पुरूषांच्या 50 मीटर बटरफ्लाय (थोड्या अंतराची वेगवान शर्यत) जलतरण स्पर्धेत कांस्यपदक पटकावून इतिहास घडवला आहे. खजान सिंगने 1986 च्या क्रीडास्पर्धांत मिळवलेल्या रौप्य पदकानंतर आशियाई क्रीडास्पर्धात पदक जिंकणारा वीरधवल हा पहिला भारतीय होता.

त्याने 50 मीटर, 100 मीटर, 200 मीटर आणि 400 मीटर फ्री स्टाइल (मुक्त शैली) जलतरण स्पर्धेत आणि 50 मीटर बटरफ्लाय स्पर्धेत अनेक विक्रम केले आहेत. ऑलिम्पिक क्रीडास्पर्धांत पात्रता मिळवणारा आतापर्यंतचा सर्वात तरूण भारतीय जलतरणपटू असा त्याचा लौकिक आहे.

4. समशेर खान – 1956 मध्ये झालेल्या ऑलिम्पिक स्पर्धेत पोहण्याच्या शर्यतीत उतरणारे समशेर खान हे प्रथम भारतीय जलतरणपटू आहेत. 1956 मध्ये मेलबर्न येथे झालेल्या पोहण्याच्या शर्यतीत ते पाचव्या क्रमांकावर विजयी झाले होते. 1955 मध्ये बँगलोर येथे झालेल्या राष्ट्रीय स्पर्धेत त्यांनी 200 मीटर बटरफ्लाय या कौशल्यात सर्वांचे विक्रम मोडीत काढले.

समशेर खान हे भारतीय संरक्षक दलात कामाला होते. ते 1962 च्या भारत-चीन युद्धात तसेच 1971 च्या भारत – पाकिस्तान च्या युद्धात सहभागी झाले होते. 1973 मध्ये ते ‘सुबेदार’ या पदावर असताना निवृत्त झाले.

7. तुम्ही रझियाचे ‘हितचिंतक’ आहात, या नात्याने तिला कोणत्या सूचना दयाल?

प्रश्न 1.
तुम्ही रझियाचे ‘हितचिंतक’ आहात, या नात्याने तिला कोणत्या सूचना दयाल?
उत्तरः

1. रझियाने नदीच्या किनारी सावधानतेने खेळले पाहिजे होते.
2. रझियाने पोहायला शिकले पाहिजे.
3. रझियाने कोणत्याही प्रसंगात घाबरू नये.
4. रझियाने कुंदाचे आभार मानायला पाहिजेत.

8. पाठ वाचून तुम्हाला कुंदाचे कोणकोणते गुण जाणवले ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
पाठ वाचून तुम्हाला कुंदाचे कोणकोणते गुण जाणवले ते लिहा.

उत्तर:

विशेषण – उदा. समीर हुशार मुलगा आहे.
या वाक्यात ‘हुशार’ हा शब्द ‘मुलगा’ या नामाविषयी विशेष माहिती सांगतो. नामाविषयी विशेष माहिती सांगणाऱ्या शब्दाला ‘विशेषण’, म्हणतात; म्हणून ‘हुशार’ हा शब्द ‘विशेषण’ आहे.

9. कुंदाचे अभिनंदन करणारा कोणता संदेश तुम्ही भ्रमणध्वनीवरून पाठवाल ते खालील चौकोनात लिहा. 

आपण समजून घेऊया.

खालील शब्दसमूह वाचा.
सुंदर फुले, गोड आंबा, उंच डोंगर, ताजे दूध, पिवळा झेंडू, सात केळी, लांब नदी, अवखळ मुले.
वरील शब्दसमूहात फुले, आंबा, डोंगर, दूध, झेंडू, केळी, नदी, मुले ही नामे आहेत, तर सुंदर, गोड, उंच, ताजे, पिवळा, सात, लांब, अवखळ हे शब्द त्या नामांबद्दल विशेष माहिती सांगणारे शब्द आहेत. अशा शब्दांना विशेषण म्हणतात.

खालील आकृतीत गुलाबाच्या फुलाला आठ विशेषणे लावली आहेत. ती समजून घ्या.

खालील चित्राला दोन-दोन विशेषणे लावा.

खालील वाक्ये वाचा.
(अ) अरेरे! तू पडलास.
(आ) शाबास! छान खेळलास.
(इ) अरे वाह! छान कपडे आहेत.
उत्कट भावना व्यक्त करताना ती दाखवणाऱ्या शब्दांच्या शेवटी !’ असे चिन्ह देतात. या चिन्हास उद्गारचिन्ह म्हणतात.

प्रश्न 1.
कुंदाचे अभिनंदन करणारा कोणता संदेश तुम्ही भ्रमणध्वनीवरून पाठवाल ते खालील चौकोनात लिहा.
उत्तर:
‘कुंदा तुझे खूप खूप अभिनंदन ! तुझे साहस बघून मला खूप अभिमान वाटला. अशाच साहसी मुलींची आज भारत देशाला गरज आहे. तुझ्या साहसाने आम्हां मुलींना खूप स्फूर्ती मिळाली आहे.’

प्रश्न 2.
खालील आकृतीत गुलाबाच्या फुलाला आठ विशेषणे लावली आहेत. ती समजून घ्या.

उत्तर:

1. टवटवीत गुलाब
2. सुंदर गुलाब
3. नाजूक गुलाब
4. सुवासिक गुलाब
5. टपोरे गुलाब
6. रंगीत गुलाब
7. लालभडक गुलाब
8. ताजे गुलाब

प्रश्न 3.
खालील चित्रांना दोन-दोन विशेषणे लावून लिहा.
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 4.
खालील वाक्ये वाचा.
(अ) अरेरे! तू पडलास.
(आ) शाबास! छान खेळलास.
(इ) अरे वाह! छान कपडे आहेत.
उत्तर:
(अ) अरेरे! फार वाईट झाले!
(आ) बापरे ! केवढा हा साप!
(इ) ओह! किती सुंदर!

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 6 Solutions Chapter 8 कुंदाचे साहस Important Additional Questions and Answers

खाली दिलेल्या वाक्यातील रिकाम्या जागी योग्य शब्द भरून वाक्य लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

1. सर्वत्र प्रसन्न …………………. होते.
2. पावसामुळे नदीचा …………………. वाढत होता.
3. पाहता पाहता ती पट्टीची …………………. बनली होती.
4. दूरवर शेतात शेतकरी व काही बायका कामात …………………. होत्या.
5. कुंदा धावत येऊन काठावर उभी …………………. राहिली.
6. कुंदाला फक्त …………………. दिसत होती.
7. ही बातमी …………………. पसरली.
8. कौतुकाने व अभिमानाने त्यांनी मुलीला …………………. घेतले.
9. आज साऱ्या गावात कुंदाच्या ………………….. चर्चा होती.
10. साऱ्यांच्या कौतुकाच्या …………………. कुंदा आनंदून गेली.

उत्तर:

1. वातावरण
2. प्रवाह
3. जलतरणपटू
4. मग्न
5. क्षणभर
6. रझिया
7. गावभर
8. जवळ
9. साहसाचीच
10. वर्षावाने

खालील प्रश्नांची प्रत्येकी एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
गावातील नदीचे नाव काय आहे?
उत्तर:
गावातील नदीचे नाव ‘सोना’ हे आहे.

प्रश्न 2.
कोणत्या दिवशी शाळेला सुट्टी होती?
उत्तर:
‘रविवार’ या दिवशी शाळेला सुट्टी होती.

प्रश्न 3.
कुंदा व तिच्या मैत्रिणी कुठे खेळायला गेल्या होत्या?
उत्तर:
कुंदा व तिच्या मैत्रिणी नदीच्या काठावर खेळायला गेल्या होत्या.

प्रश्न 4.
कुंदा वयाच्या कितव्या वर्षी पोहायला शिकली होती?
उत्तर:
कुंदा वयाच्या आठव्या वर्षी पोहायला शिकली होती.

प्रश्न 5.
दूरवर शेतात कोण-कोण कामात मग्न होते?
उत्तर:
दूरवर शेतात शेतकरी व काही बायका कामात मग्न होत्या.

प्रश्न 6.
पाण्यात कोण पडली होती?
उत्तर:
रझिया पाण्यात पडली होती.

प्रश्न 7.
रझियाला पाण्यातून वाचवण्यासाठी पाण्यात कोणी उडी घेतली?
उत्तर:
रझियाला पाण्यातून वाचवण्यासाठी पाण्यात कुंदाने उडी घेतली.

प्रश्न 8.
कुंदाने रझियाला कुठे आणले?
उत्तर:
कुंदाने रझियाला काठाकडे आणले.

प्रश्न 9.
कौतुकाने व अभिमानाने कुंदाला कोणी जवळ घेतले?
उत्तरः
कौतुकाने व अभिमानाने कुंदाला तिच्या आई-बाबांनी जवळ घेतले.

असे कोण कोणास म्हणाले ते लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
“धावा! धावा! लवकर या, रझिया पाण्यात पडली.”
उत्तर:
नीला आजूबाजूच्या लोकांना म्हणाली.

प्रश्न 2.
“कुंदा, पाण्याचा वेग वाढतो आहे. माघारी फिर.”
उत्तर:
जमलेली माणसे कुंदाला म्हणत होती.

प्रश्न 3.
“रझिया घाबरू नको, मी आले आहे.”
उत्तर:
कुंदा रझियाला म्हणाली.

प्रश्न 4.
“कुंदा, आज तुझ्यामुळेच माझ्या रझियाचा जीव वाचला.”
उत्तर:
रझियाची आई कुंदाला म्हणाली.

खालील प्रश्नांची दोन-तीन वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
पावसाळ्याचे दिवस असल्याने गावात कोणता बदल झाला होता?
उत्तर:
पावसाळ्याचे दिवस असल्याने झाडे, शेते सर्वच हिरवीगार झाली होती. सर्वत्र प्रसन्न वातावरण होते. गावातल्या सोना नदीला भरपूर पाणी आले होते. पावसामुळे नदीचा प्रवाह वाढत होता. हा बदल झाला होता.

प्रश्न 2.
कुंदाला नदीवर कोणते दृश्य दिसले?
उत्तर:
‘रझिया नदीच्या पाण्यात पडली आहे, व तिला वाचवण्यास कुणीतरी मदत करा’ ही नीलाची हाक कुंदाच्या कानावर पडल्याबरोबर ती धावतच नदीकिनारी पोहोचली. ती नदीच्या काठावर येऊन क्षणभर उभी राहिली तेव्हा तिला रझिया पाण्यात गटांगळ्या खात पाण्याच्या प्रवाहाबरोबर पुढे पुढे वाहत चालल्याचे दृश्य दिसले.

प्रश्न 3.
नदीच्या काठावरचे लोक कुंदाला कोणत्या सूचना देत होते?
उत्तर:
नीलाच्या हाकेमुळे आजूबाजूचे लोकही नदीकिनारी जमले होते. रझियाला वाचवण्यासाठी कुंदाने पाण्यात उडी घेताच लोक जोरजोरात ओरडून ‘कुंदा’ पाण्याचा वेग वाढतो आहे. ‘माघारी फिर’ ही सूचना देत होते.

प्रश्न 4.
कोणती बातमी गावभर पसरली?
उत्तर:
कुंदा आणि तिच्या मैत्रिणी रविवारी शाळेच्या सुट्टीच्या दिवशी नदीच्या काठावर खेळत असताना रझिया पाण्यात पडली व पाण्याच्या प्रवाहाबरोबर गटांगळ्या खात ती बुडू लागली. पण तिला वाचवण्यासाठी कुंदाने पाण्यात उडी घेतली व तिला काठाकडे आणले. तोवर लोकांनी मोठा दोर पाण्यात सोडून दोघींना बाहेर काढले. ही बातमी गावभर पसरली.

प्रश्न 5.
रझियाच्या आईच्या डोळ्यांतून आनंदाश्रू का आले?
उत्तर:
वाहणाऱ्या नदीच्या मोठ्या प्रवाहात गटांगळ्या खात बुडत असणाऱ्या आपल्या मुलीला कुंदाने मोठ्या धाडसाने वाचवले. कुंदामुळेच आज रझियाचा जीव वाचला’ या विचारानेच रझियाच्या आईच्या डोळ्यातून आनंदाश्रू आले.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास:

खालील शब्दांचे समानार्थी शब्द लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

1. साहस
2. सर्वत्र
3. मैत्रिण
4. मग्न
5. लहानगी
6. हाक
7. पाणी
8. बातमी
9. सुखरूप
10. कवटाळणे

उत्तरः

1. धाडस
2. सगळीकडे
3. सखी
4. गर्क, दंग
5. छोटी
6. आवाज
7. जल, उदक
8. खबर, माहिती
9. सुरक्षित
10. मिठी मारणे

खालील शब्दांचे विरूद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

1. दिवस
2. भरपूर
3. मोठ्या
4. बायका
5. लहान

उत्तरः

1. रात्र
2. कमी, थोडे
3. छोट्या
4. माणसे
5. मोठे

खालील शब्दांचे वचन बदला.

प्रश्न 1.

1. झाड
2. शेत
3. सुट्टी
4. मैत्रिण
5. बाई
6. हाक
7. दोर
8. मिठी

उत्तरः

1. झाडे
2. शेते
3. सुट्ट्या
4. मैत्रिणी
5. बायका
6. हाका
7. दोऱ्या
8. मिठ्या

प्रश्न 2.
कंसातील वाक्प्रचार दिलेल्या वाक्यांत योग्य ठिकाणी वापरून वाक्य पुन्हा लिहा.
(दंग होणे, गलका वाढणे, गटांगळ्या खाणे)
1. पोहता न आल्यामुळे जयेश नदीच्या पात्रात ……………… .
उत्तर:
गटांगळ्या खाऊ लागला.

पोहण्यामध्ये तरबेज असलेल्या व्यक्तीला ‘जलतरणपटू’ म्हणतात. या प्रकारचे खालील शब्द वाचा व त्यांच्या योग्य जोड्या लावा.

प्रश्न 1.

‘अ’ गट	‘ब’ गट
1. कुस्ती खेळण्यात पटाईत	(अ) तिरंदाज
2. तीर चालवण्यात पटाईत	(आ) कुस्तीपटू

उत्तर:

‘अ’ गट	‘ब’ गट
1. कुस्ती खेळण्यात पटाईत	(आ) कुस्तीपटू
2. तीर चालवण्यात पटाईत	(अ) तिरंदाज

खालील चौकोनातील मुलाच्या चित्राला आठ विशेषणे लावली आहेत ती लिहून काढा.

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तर:

1. हुशार मुलगा
2. कष्टाळू मुलगा
3. सुंदर मुलगा
4. अभ्यासू मुलगा
5. प्रेमळ मुलगा
6. गोरा मुलगा
7. चलाख मुलगा
8. कामसू मुलगा

प्रश्न 2.
खालील चित्रांना दोन-दोन विशेषणे लावून लिहा.
उत्तर:

खालील वाक्यांत योग्य ठिकाणी उद्गार (!) चिन्ह त्या.

प्रश्न 1.
धावा धावा लवकर या, रझिया पाण्यात पडली.
उत्तर:
धावा! धावा! लवकर या, रझिया पाण्यात पडली.

प्रश्न 2.
केवढी धाडसी मुलगी आहेस तू.
उत्तर:
केवढी धाडसी मुलगी आहेस तू!

प्रश्न 3.
शब्बास छान खेळलास.
उत्तर:
शाब्बास! छान खेळलास.

कुंदाचे साहस Summary in Marathi

पाठपरिचय:

‘कुंदाचे साहस’ या पाठात कुंदाने दाखवलेले साहस व तिची समयसुचकता याविषयी वर्णन केले आहे.

शब्दर्थ:

1. साहस – धाडस (adventure)
2. शेत – रान (farm)
3. प्रसन्न – आनंदी (happy)
4. वातावरण – भोवतालचा परिसर (surrounding)
5. भरपूर – खूप, जास्त (a lot of)
6. प्रवाह – पाण्याचा वाहणारा वेग (flow of water)
7. काठ – किनारा, तट (bank of river)
8. पट्टीची – पोहण्यात तरबेज (swimmer)
9. कडूनिंब – एक प्रकारचे लिंबाचे झाड (Neem tree)
10. बागडत – इकडे-तिकडे उड्या मारत (fluttering)
11. मग्न – गर्क, गुंग, दंग (indulge in)
12. लहानगी – छोटी (a little)
13. दंग – मग्न (surprised, ongrossed)
14. हाक – आरोळी, आवाज (call)
15. गलका – गोंधळ (noise)
16. क्षणभर – काही वेळ (a moment)
17. पात्र – नदीचा वाहता प्रवाह (a bed of river)
18. एवढीशी – लहानगी, छोटी (a little)
19. वेग – गती (speed)
20. माघारी – परत, मागे (retreat)
21. तोवर – तोपर्यंत (till then)
22. दोर – कासरा, रस्सी (rope)
23. सुखरूप – सुरक्षित (safe)
24. कवटाळणे – मिठी मारणे (to huy)

वाकप्रचार व अर्थ:

1. मग्न असणे – दंग असणे, गर्क असणे, गुंग असणे
2. गावभर पसरणे – सगळीकडे समजणे, पूर्ण गावात माहिती होणे
3. गलका वाढणे – गडबड वाढणे, गोंधळ करणे
4. गटांगळ्या खाणे – पाण्यात बुडणे
5. कोणाचेही शब्द कानावर न पडणे – काहीही ऐकायला न येणे
6. आनंदाश्रू वाहणे – आनंदाने डोळ्यातून अश्रू येणे