Category: Class 7

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Maths Solutions covers the 7th Std Maths Miscellaneous Problems Set 1 Answers Solutions.

Maharashtra Board Miscellaneous Problems Set 1 Class 7 Maths Solutions

Question 1.
Solve the following:
i. (-16) × (-5)
ii. (72) ÷ (-12)
iii. (-24) × (2)
iv. 125 ÷ 5
v. (-104) ÷ (-13)
vi. 25 × (-4)
Solution:
i. (-16) × (-5) = 80

ii. 72 ÷ (-12) = \(\frac { 72 }{ -12 }\)
= \(\frac{1}{(-1)} \times \frac{72}{12}\)
(-1) × 12
= -6

iii. (-24) × 2 = -48

iv. 125 ÷ 5 = \(\frac { 125 }{ 5 }\)
= 25

v. (-104) ÷ (-13) = \(\frac { -104 }{ -13 }\)
= \(\frac { 104 }{ 13 }\)
= 8

vi. 25 × (-4) = -100

Question 2.
Find the prime factors of the following numbers and find their LCM and HCF:
i. 75,135
ii. 114,76
iii. 153,187
iv. 32,24,48
Solution:
i. 75 = 3 × 25
= 3 × 5 × 5
135 = 3 × 45
= 3 × 3 × 15
= 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
∴ HCF of 75 and 135 = 3 × 5
= 15
LCM of 75 and 135 = 3 × 5 × 5 × 3 × 3
= 675

ii. 114 = 2 × 57
= 2 × 3 × 19
76 = 2 × 38
= 2 × 2 × 19
∴ HCF of 114 and 76 = 2 × 19
= 38
LCM of 114 and 76 = 2 × 19 × 3 × 2
= 228

iii. 153 = 3 × 51
= 3 × 3 × 17
187 = 11 × 17
∴ HCF of 153 and 187 = 17
LCM of 153 and 187 = 17 × 3 × 3 × 11
= 1683

iv. 32 = 2 × 16
= 2 × 2 × 8
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 4
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
24 = 2 × 12
= 2 × 2 × 6
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
48 = 2 × 24
= 2 × 2 × 12
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 6
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
∴ HCF of 32, 24 and 48 = 2 × 2 × 2
= 8
LCM of 32,24 and 48 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
= 96

Question 3.
Simplify:
i. \(\frac { 322 }{ 391 }\)
ii. \(\frac { 247 }{ 209 }\)
iii. \(\frac { 117 }{ 156 }\)
Solution:
i. \(\frac { 322 }{ 391 }\)

ii. \(\frac { 247 }{ 209 }\)

iii. \(\frac { 117 }{ 156 }\)

Question 4.
i. 784
ii. 225
iii. 1296
iv. 2025
v. 256
Solution:
i. 784

∴ 784 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7
∴ √784 = 2 × 2 × 7
= 28

ii. 225

∴ 225 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
∴ √225 = 3 × 5
= 15

iii. 1296

∴ 1296 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
∴ √1296 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
= 36

iv. 2025

∴ 2025 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
∴ √2025 = 3 × 3 × 5
= 45

v. 256

∴ 256 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
∴ √256 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
= 16

Question 5.
There are four polling booths for a certain election. The numbers of men and women who cast their vote at each booth is given in the table below. Draw a joint bar graph for this data.

Solution:

Question 6.
Simplify the expressions:
i. 45 ÷ 5 + 120 × 4 – 12
ii. (38 – 8) × 2 ÷ 5 + 13
iii. \(\frac{5}{3}+\frac{4}{7} \div \frac{32}{21}\)
iv. 3 × {4 [85 + 5 – (15 – 3)] + 2}
Solution:
i. 45 ÷ 5 + 120 × 4 – 12
= 9 + 80 – 12
= 89 – 12
= 77

ii. (38 – 8) × 2 ÷ 5 + 13
= 30 × 2 ÷ 5 + 13
= 60 ÷ 5 + 13
= 12 + 13
= 25

iii. \(\frac{5}{3}+\frac{4}{7} \div \frac{32}{21}\)
\(\frac{5}{3}+\frac{4}{7} \times \frac{21}{32}\)
\(\frac{5}{3}+\frac{3}{8}=\frac{40}{24}+\frac{9}{24}\)
\(\frac{49}{24}\)

iv. 3 × {4 [85 + 5 – (15 – 3)] + 2}
= 3 × {4[90 – 5] + 2}
= 3 × {4 × 85 + 2}
= 3 × (340 + 2)
= 3 × 342
= 1026

Question 7.
Solve:
i. \(\frac{5}{12}+\frac{7}{16}\)
ii. \(3 \frac{2}{5}-2 \frac{1}{4}\)
iii. \(\frac{12}{5} \times \frac{(-10)}{3}\)
iv. \(4 \frac{3}{8} \div \frac{25}{18}\)
Solution:
i. \(\frac{5}{12}+\frac{7}{16}\)

ii. \(3 \frac{2}{5}-2 \frac{1}{4}\)

iii. \(\frac{12}{5} \times \frac{(-10)}{3}\)
= 4 × (-2)
= -8

iv. \(4 \frac{3}{8} \div \frac{25}{18}\)
= \(\frac{7}{4} \times \frac{9}{5}\)
= \(\frac { 63 }{ 20 }\)

Question 8.
Construct ∆ABC such that m∠A = 55°, m∠B = and l(AB) = 5.9 cm.
Solution:

Question 9.
Construct ∆XYZ such that, l(XY) = 3.7 cm, l(YZ) = 7.7 cm, l(XZ) = 6.3 cm.
Solution:

Question 10.
Construct ∆PQR such that, m∠P = 80°, m∠Q = 70°, l(QR) = 5.7 cm.
Ans:
In ∆PQR,
m∠P + m∠Q + m∠R = 180° …. (Sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180°)
∴ 80 + 70 + m∠R = 180
∴ 150 + m∠R = 180
∴ m∠R = 180 – 150
∴ m∠R = 30°

Question 11.
Construct ∆EFG from the given measures. l(FG) = 5 cm, m∠EFG = 90°, l(EG) = 7 cm.
Solution:

Question 12.
In ∆LMN, l(LM) = 6.2 cm, m∠LMN = 60°, l(MN) 4 cm. Construct ∆LMN.
Solution:

Question 13.
Find the measures of the complementary angles of the following angles:
i. 35°
ii. a°
iii. 22°
iv. (40 – x)°
Solution:
i. Let the measure of the complementary
angle be x°.
35 + x = 90
∴35 + x-35 = 90 – 35
….(Subtracting 35 from both sides)
∴x = 55
∴The complementary angle of 35° is 55°.

ii. Let the measure of the complementary angle be x°.
a + x = 90
∴a + x – a = 90 – a
….(Subtracting a from both sides)
∴x = (90 – a)
∴The complementary angle of a° is (90 – a)°.

iii. Let the measure of the complementary angle be x°.
22 + x = 90
∴22 + x – 22 = 90 – 22
….(Subtracting 22 from both sides)
∴x = 68
∴The complementary angle of 22° is 68°.

iv. Let the measure of the complementary angle be a°.
40 – x + a = 90
∴40 – x + a – 40 + x = 90 – 40 + x
….(Subtracting 40 and adding x on both sides)
∴a = (50 + x)
∴The complementary angle of (40 – x)° is (50 + x)°.

Question 14.
Find the measures of the supplements of the following angles:
i. 111°
ii. 47°
iii. 180°
iv. (90 – x)°
Solution:
i. Let the measure of the supplementary
angle be x°.
111 + x = 180
∴ 111 + x – 111 = 180 – 111
…..(Subtracting 111 from both sides)
∴ x = 69
∴ The supplementary angle of 111° is 69°.

ii. Let the measure of the supplementary angle be x°.
47 + x = 180
∴47 + x – 47 = 180 – 47
….(Subtracting 47 from both sides)
∴x = 133
∴The supplementary angle of 47° is 133°.

iii. Let the measure of the supplementary angle be x°.
180 + x = 180
∴180 + x – 180 = 180 – 180
….(Subtracting 180 from both sides)
∴x = 0
∴The supplementary angle of 180° is 0°.

iv. Let the measure of the supplementary angle be a°.
90 – x + a = 180
∴90 – x + a – 90 + x = 180 – 90+ x
….(Subtracting 90 and adding x on both sides)
∴a = 180 – 90 + x
∴a = (90 + x)
∴The supplementary angle of (90 – x)° is (90 + x)°.

Question 15.
Construct the following figures:
i. A pair of adjacent angles
ii. Two supplementary angles which are not adjacent angles.
iii. A pair of adjacent complementary angles.
Solution:
i.

ii.

iii.

Question 16.
In ∆PQR the measures of ∠P and ∠Q are equal and m∠PRQ = 70°, Find the measures of the following angles.

1. m∠PRT
2. m∠P
3. m∠Q

Solution:
Here, ∠PRQ and ∠PRT are angles in a linear pair.
m∠PRQ + m∠PRT = 180°
∴70 + m∠PRT = 180
∴m∠PRT = 180 – 70
∴m∠PRT = 110°
Now, ∠PRT is the exterior angle of ∆PQR.
∴m∠P + m∠Q = m∠PRT
∴m∠P + m∠P = m∠PRT ….(The measures of ∠P and ∠Q is same)
∴2m∠P = 110
∴m∠P = \(\frac { 110 }{ 2 }\)
∴m∠P = 55°
∴m∠Q =

Question 17.
Simplify
i. 5⁴ × 5³
ii. \(\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{6} \div\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{9}\)
iii. \(\left(\frac{7}{2}\right)^{8} \times\left(\frac{7}{2}\right)^{-6}\)
iv. \(\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^{2} \div\left(\frac{5}{4}\right)\)
Solution:
Simplify
i. 5⁴ × 5³
= 5⁴⁺³
= 5⁷

ii. \(\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{6} \div\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{9}\)

iii. \(\left(\frac{7}{2}\right)^{8} \times\left(\frac{7}{2}\right)^{-6}\)

iv. \(\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^{2} \div\left(\frac{5}{4}\right)\)

Question 18.
Find the value:
i. 17¹⁶  ÷ 17¹⁶
ii. 10^-3
iii. (2³)²
iv. 4⁶ × 4^-4
Solution:
i. 17¹⁶  ÷ 17¹⁶
= 17⁰
= 1

ii. 10^-3
= \(\frac{1}{10^{3}}\)
= \(\frac{1}{1000}\)

iii. (2³)²
= 2^3×2
= 2⁶
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
= 64

iv. 4⁶ × 4^-4
= 4^6+(-4)
= 4²
= 4 × 4
= 16

Question 19.
Solve:
i. (6a – 5b – 8c) + (15b + 2a – 5c)
ii. (3x + 2y) (7x – 8y)
iii. (7m – 5n) – (-4n – 11m)
iv. (11m – 12n + 3p) – (9m + 7n – 8p)
Solution:
i. (6a – 5b – 8c) + (15b + 2a – 5c)
= (6a + 2a) + (-5b + 15b) + (-8c – 5c)
= 8a + 10b – 13c

ii. (3x + 2y) (7x – 8y)
= 3x × (7x – 8y) + 2yx (7x – 8y)
= 21x² – 24xy + 14xy – 16y²
= 21x² – 10xy – 16y²

iii. (7m – 5n) – (-4n – 11m)
= 7m – 5n + 4n + 11m
= (7m + 11m) + (-5n + 4n)
= 18m – n

iv. (11m – 12n + 3p) – (9m + 7n – 8p)
= 11m – 12n + 3p – 9m – 7n + 8p
= (11m – 9m) + (-12n – 7n) + (3p + 8p)
= 2m – 19n + 11p

Question 20.
Solve the following equations:
i 4(x + 12) = 8
ii. 3y + 4 = 5y – 6
Solution:
i. 4(x + 12) = 8
∴4x + 48 = 8
∴4x + 48 – 48 = 8 – 48
….(Subtracting 48 from both sides)
∴ 4x = -40
∴ x = \(\frac { -40 }{ 4 }\)
∴ x = -10

ii. 3y + 4 = 5y – 6
∴ 3y + 4 + 6 = 5y – 6 + 6
….(Adding 6 on both sides)
∴ 3y + 10 = 5y
∴ 3y + 10 – 3y = 5y – 3y
….(Subtracting 3y from both sides)
∴ 10 = 2y
∴ 2y = 10
∴ y = \(\frac { 10 }{ 2 }\)
∴ y = 5

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Maths Solutions covers the 7th Std Maths Miscellaneous Problems Set 2 Answers Solutions.

Maharashtra Board Miscellaneous Problems Set 2 Class 7 Maths Solutions

Question 1.
Angela deposited Rs 15000 in a bank at a rate of 9 p.c.p.a. She got simple interest amounting to Rs 5400. For how many years had she deposited the amount?
Solution:
Here, P = Rs 15000, R = 9 p.c.p.a., I = Rs 5400

∴ T = 4
∴ Angela had deposited the amount for 4 years.

Question 2.
Ten men take 4 days to complete the task of tarring a road. How many days would 8 men take?
Solution:
Let us suppose that 8 men require x days to tar the road.
Number of days required by 10 men to tar the road = 4
The number of men and the number of days required to tar the road are in inverse proportion.
∴ 8 × x = 10 x 4
∴ \(x=\frac{10 \times 4}{8}\)
∴ x = 5
∴ 8 men will require 5 days to tar the road.

Question 3.
Nasruddin and Mahesh invested Rs 40,000 and Rs 60,000 respectively to start a business. They made a profit of 30%. How much profit did each of them make?
Solution:
Total amount invested = Rs 40,000 + Rs 60,000
= Rs 1,00,000
Profit earned = 30%
∴ Total profit = 30% of 1,00,000
= \(\frac { 30 }{ 100 }\) × 100000
= Rs 30000
Proportion of investment = 40000 : 60000
= 2:3 …. (Dividing by 20000)
Let Nasruddin’s profit be Rs 2x and Mahesh’s profit be Rs 3x.
∴ 2x + 3x = 30000
∴ 5x = 30000
∴ x = \(\frac { 30000 }{ 5 }\).
∴ x = 6000
∴ Nasruddin’s profit = 2x = 2 × 6000 = Rs 12000
Mahesh’s profit = 3x = 3 × 6000 = Rs 18000
∴ The profits of Nasruddin and Mahesh are Rs 12000 and Rs 18000 respectively.

Question 4.
The diameter of a circle is 5.6 cm. Find its circumference.
Solution:
Diameter of the circle (d) = 5.6 cm
Circumference = πd
= \(\frac{22}{7} \times 5.6\)
= \(\frac{22}{7} \times \frac{56}{10}\)
= 17.6 cm
∴ The circumference of the circle is 17.6 cm.

Question 5.
Expand:
i. (2a – 3b)²
ii. (10 + y)²
iii. \(\left(\frac{p}{3}+\frac{q}{4}\right)^{2}\)
iv. \(\left(y-\frac{3}{y}\right)^{2}\)
Solution:
i. Here, A = 2a and B = 3b
∴ (2a – 3b)² = (2a)² – 2 × 2a × 3b + (3b)²
…. [(A – B)² = A² – 2AB + B²]
= 4a² – 12ab + 9b²

ii. Here, a = 10 and b = y
(10 + y)² = 102 + 2 × 10xy + y²
…. [(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²]
= 100 + 20y + y²

iii. Here, a = \(\frac { p }{ 3 }\) and b = \(\frac { q }{ 4 }\)
\(\left(\frac{p}{3}+\frac{q}{4}\right)^{2}=\left(\frac{p}{3}\right)^{2}+2 \times \frac{p}{3} \times \frac{q}{4}+\left(\frac{q}{4}\right)^{2}\)
…. [(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²]
\(\frac{p^{2}}{9}+\frac{p q}{6}+\frac{q^{2}}{16}\)

iv. Here, a = y and b = \(\frac { 3 }{ y }\)
\(\left(y-\frac{3}{y}\right)^{2}=y^{2}-2 \times y \times \frac{3}{y}+\left(\frac{3}{y}\right)^{2}\)
…. [(a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b²
= \(y^{2}-6+\frac{9}{y^{2}}\)

Question 6.
Use a formula to multiply:
i. (x – 5)(x + 5)
ii. (2a – 13)(2a + 13)
iii. (4z – 5y)(4z + 5y)
iv. (2t – 5)(2t + 5)
Solution:
i. Here, a = x and b = 5
(x – 5)(x + 5) = (x)² – (5)²
…. [(a + b)(a – b) = a² – b²]
= x² – 25

ii. Here, A = 2a and B = 13
(2a – 13)(2a + 13) = (2a)² – (13)²
…. [(A + B)(A – B) = A² – B²]
= 4a² – 169

iii. Here, a = 4z and b = 5y
(4z – 5y)(4z + 5y) = (4z)² – (5y)²
…. [(a + b)(a – b) = a² – b²]
= 16z² – 25y²

iv. Here, a = 2t and b = 5
(2t – 5)(2t + 5) = (2t)² – (5)²
…. [(a + b)(a – b) = a² – b²]
= 4t² – 25

Question 7.
The diameter of the wheel of a cart is 1.05 m. How much distance will the cart cover in 1000 rotations of the wheel?
Solution:
Diameter of the wheel (d) = 1.05 m
∴ Distance covered in 1 rotation of wheel = Circumference of the wheel
= πd
= \(\frac{22}{7} \times 1.05\)
= 3.3 m
∴ Distance covered in 1000 rotations = 1000 x 3.3 m
= 3300 m
= \(\frac { 3300 }{ 1000 }\) km …[1m = \(\frac { 1 }{ 1000 }\)km]
= 3.3 km
∴ The distance covered by the cart in 1000 rotations of the wheel is 3.3 km.

Question 8.
The area of a rectangular garden of length 40 m, is 1000 sq m. Find the breadth of the garden and its perimeter. The garden is to be enclosed by 3 rounds of fencing, leaving an entrance of 4 m. Find the cost of fencing the garden at a rate of Rs 250 per metre.
Solution:
Length of the rectangular garden = 40 m
Area of the rectangular garden = 1000 sq. m.
∴ length × breadth = 1000
∴ 40 × breadth = 1000
∴ breadth = \(\frac { 1000 }{ 40 }\)
= 25 m
Now, perimeter of the rectangular garden = 2 × (length + breadth)
= 2 (40 + 25)
= 2 × 65
= 130 m
Length of one round of fence = circumference of garden – width of the entrance
= 130 – 4
= 126 m
∴ Total length of fencing = length of one round of wire × number of rounds = 126 × 3
= 378 m
∴ Total cost of fencing = Total length of fencing × cost per metre of fencing
= 378 × 250
= 94500
∴ The cost of fencing the garden is Rs 94500.

Question 9.
From the given figure, find the length of hypotenuse AC and the perimeter of ∆ABC.
Solution:

In ∆ABC, ∠B = 90°, and l(BC) = 21, and l(AB) = 20
∴ According to Pythagoras’ theorem,
∴ l(AC)² = l(BC)² + l(AB)²
∴ l(AC)² = 21² + 20²
∴ l(AC)² = 441 + 400
∴ l(AC)² = 841
∴ l(AC)² = 29²
∴ l(AC) = 29
Perimeter of ∆ABC = l(AB) + l(BC) + l(AC)
= 20 + 21 + 29
= 70
∴ The length of hypotenuse AC is 29 units, and the perimeter of ∆ABC is 70 units.

Question 10.
If the edge of a cube is 8 cm long, find its total surface area.
Solution: ,
Total surface area of the cube = 6 × (side)²
= 6 × (8)²
= 6 × 64
= 384 sq. cm
The total surface area of the cube is 384 sq.cm.

Question 11.
Factorize: 365y⁴z³ – 146y²z⁴
Solution:
= 365y⁴z³ – 146y²z⁴
= 73 (5y⁴z³ – 2y²z⁴)
= 73y² (5y²z³ – 2z⁴)
= 73y²z³(5y² – 2z)

Angles and Pairs of Angles Class 7 Maths Chapter 4 Practice Set 15 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Maths Solutions covers the 7th Std Maths Practice Set 15 Answers Solutions Chapter 4 Angles and Pairs of Angles.

Std 7 Maths Practice Set 15 Solutions Answers

Question 1.
Observe the figure and complete the table for ∠AWB.

Solution:

Question 2.
Name the pairs of adjacent angles in the figures below.

Solution:
i. ∠ANB and ∠ANC
∠BNA and ∠BNC
∠ANC and ∠BNC

ii. ∠PQR and ∠PQT

Question 3.
Are the following pairs adjacent angles? If not, state the reason.

1. ∠PMQ and ∠RMQ
2. ∠RMQ and ∠SMR
3. ∠RMS and ∠RMT
4. ∠SMT and ∠RMS

Solution:

1. ∠PMQ and ∠RMQ are adjacent angles.
2. ∠RMQ and ∠SMR not adjacent angles since they do not have separate interiors.
3. ∠RMS and ∠RMT not adjacent angles since they do not have separate interiors.
4. ∠SMT and ∠RMS are adjacent angles.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Maths Chapter 4 Angles and Pairs of Angles Practice Set 15 Intext Questions and Activities

Question 1.
Observe the figure alongside and write the answers. (Textbook pg. no. 24)

1. Write the name of the angle shown alongside___.
2. Write the name of its vertex___.
3. Write the names of its arms___.
4. Write the names of the points marked on its arms___.

Solution:

1. ∠ABC
2. Point B
3. Ray BA, ray BC
4. Points A, B, C

Class 7 Maths Solution Maharashtra Board

• Angles and Pairs of Angles Practice Set 15 Class 7 Maths Solution
• Angles and Pairs of Angles Practice Set 16 Class 7 Maths Solution
• Angles and Pairs of Angles Practice Set 17 Class 7 Maths Solution
• Angles and Pairs of Angles Practice Set 18 Class 7 Maths Solution
• Angles and Pairs of Angles Practice Set 19 Class 7 Maths Solution
• Angles and Pairs of Angles Practice Set 20 Class 7 Maths Solution
• Angles and Pairs of Angles Practice Set 21 Class 7 Maths Solution
• Operations on Rational Numbers Practice Set 22 Class 7 Maths Solution
• Operations on Rational Numbers Practice Set 23 Class 7 Maths Solution
• Operations on Rational Numbers Practice Set 24 Class 7 Maths Solution
• Operations on Rational Numbers Practice Set 25 Class 7 Maths Solution

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र Textbook Questions and Answers

1. खालील प्रश्नांची एक-दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न अ.
विदयार्थ्यांनी अभयारण्यात सहलीला जाण्याचा हट्ट का धरला?
उत्तर:
जानेवारी महिन्यात विज्ञान केंद्रातर्फे शाळेत पक्ष्यांसंबंधीची चित्रफीत दाखवली होती. ती पाहून विद्यार्थ्यांनी अभयारण्यात सहलीला जाण्याचा हट्ट धरला.

प्रश्न आ.
अभयारण्यातून फिरताना सरांनी विद्यार्थ्यांना माळढोक पक्ष्याबद्दल काय सांगितले?
उत्तर:
अभयारण्यातून फिरत असताना सरांनी विद्यार्थ्यांना सांगितले की, ‘भारतातून नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असलेल्या माळढोक या अत्यंत देखण्या पक्ष्याला वाचवण्यासाठी वनविभागानं हे अभयारण्य घोषित केललं आहे.’

चर्चा करा. सांगा.

• पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे, याविषयी पालकांसोबत चर्चा करा.
• पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढवण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय करू शकता, याविषयी मित्रांसोबत चर्चा करून यादी तयार करा.

माहिती मिळवूया.

माहिती घेण्यासाठी किंवा देण्यासाठी अनेक साधने वापरली जातात. खाली माहिती देवाणघेवाण करण्याची/संवादाची काही साधने दिली आहेत. त्यांतील काही साधने एकतर्फी व काही साधने दुतर्फी माहितीची/संवादाची देवाणघेवाण करतात. त्यांची माहिती मिळवा व दिलेल्या तक्त्यात वर्गीकरण करा.
फॅक्स, पत्र, ई-मेल, मोबाइल, आंतरजाल, रेडिओ, वर्तमानपत्र, मोबाइल संदेश, चर्चा, मुलाखत, जाहिरात, भाषण, संभाषण.

उपक्रम:
तुम्ही भेट दिलेल्या एखादया पर्यटनस्थळाचे वर्णन करणारे पत्र मित्राला/मैत्रिणीला लिहा.

शब्दकोडे सोडवूया.

खालील चौकोनांतील अक्षरांमध्ये क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये लपलेली आहेत. उभ्या,आडव्यावतिरप्या पद्धतीने अक्षरे घेऊन क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये बनवावदिलेल्या जागेत लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
खालील चौकोनांतील अक्षरांमध्ये क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये लपलेली आहेत. उभ्या,आडव्यावतिरप्या पद्धतीने अक्षरे घेऊन क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये बनवावदिलेल्या जागेत लिहा.

उत्तर:
हळू, काही, आज, तिकडे, थोडासा, मोजके, तसा, वर, जरा, खाली, अनेक, तर.

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र Important Additional Questions and Answers

एक किंवा दोन शब्दांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

1. दादाला पत्र लिहणारी – …………………….
2. सहल कुठे गेली होती? …………………….
3. भारतात नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असलेला पक्षी – …………………….
4. माळढोक पक्षी कोणाचा मित्र आहे? …………………….
5. माळढोक पक्षी वर्षातून किती वेळा अंडी घालतो? …………………….
6. माळढोक पक्ष्यांबरोबर पाहिलेले पक्षी – …………………….
7. पक्ष्यांचे फोटो काढण्यापूर्वी कोणाची पूर्वपरवानगी घ्यावी लागते – …………………….
8. संतुलित’ पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक कोणाला म्हटले आहे – …………………….
9. अभयारण्यातून फिरताना बहिणीला कोणाची खूप आठवण आली? …………………….

उत्तरः

1. आयेशा
2. माळढोक अभयारण्यात
3. माळढोक
4. शेतकऱ्याचा
5. वर्षातून एकदाच
6. चंडोल, माळटिटवी
7. वनखात्याची
8. पक्ष्यांना
9. दादाची

शब्दसमूहाबद्दल एक शब्द लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

1. खूप जण मिळून एकत्र फिरायला जाणे
2. पडक्यावर एकामागोमाग एक दाखविलेले चित्र
3. पशू-पक्षी सुरक्षिततेसाठी असलेली जागा
4. फोटो काढण्यासाठी वापरण्यात येणारे साधन
5. मनातील भावनांना, विचारांना लेखी उद्गार देणारे साधन

उत्तरः

1. सहल
2. चित्रफीत
3. अभयारण्य
4. कॅमेरा
5. पत्र

खालील प्रश्नांची एक-दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
‘माळढोक पक्ष्याला शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र असे का म्हटले आहे?
उत्तर:
माळढोक पक्ष्याला शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र असे म्हटले आहे, कारण शेतातील किड्यांवर तो गुजराण करतो. त्यामुळे शेतातील किडे कमी होऊन पिकांचे त्यांपासून रक्षण होते.

प्रश्न 2.
माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी का होत आहे?
उत्तर:
माळढोक पक्षी वर्षातून एकदाच अंडी घालतो. शिवाय त्यांची अंडी जमिनीवर असल्याने इतर प्राणी ती तुडवून जातात, त्यामुळे माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी होत आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
सरांनी पक्ष्यांबद्दल सांगितलेली कोणती गोष्ट मुलांना पटली?
उत्तर:
सरांनी पक्ष्यांबद्दल सांगितले की, “पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे. प्रदूषण टाळण्यात, ङ्केवियांचं वाहन करण्यात त्यांची प्रमुख भूमिका असते.’

प्रश्न 4.
अभयारण्यातून फिरताना बहिणीला सर्वांत जास्त कोणाची आठवण आली व का?
उत्तर:
अभयारण्यातून फिरताना बहिणीला सर्वांत जास्त दादाची आठवण आली कारण दादालाही पक्षी खूप आवडत.

आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 1.
माळढोक अभयारण्यात पाहिलेले पक्षी
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
पक्ष्यांची या गोष्टीत प्रमुख भूमिका असते
उत्तरः

पुढील उतारा वाचून सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती 1 : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा..
उत्तरः

प्रश्न 2.
रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
1. माळढोक पक्ष्यांबरोबरच आम्ही चंडोल, …………… तसेच इतर पक्षीही पाहिले.
2. पक्ष्यांचे फोटो काढण्यापूर्वी ………… पूर्वपरवानगी घ्यावी.
उत्तर:
1. माळटिटवी
2. वनखात्याची

कृती 2 : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
उत्तरे लिहा.
1. भारतातून नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असलेला पक्षी – [ ]
2. माळढोक पक्ष्यांबरोबरच पाहिलेले इतर पक्षी – [ ]
उत्तर:
1. माळढोक
2. चंडोल, माळटिटवी

प्रश्न 2.
खालील प्रश्नांची एका वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न i.
माळढोक अभयारण्य कोणत्या मार्गावर वसले आहे?
उत्तर:
माळढोक अभयारण्य सोलापूर-बार्शी मार्गावर वसले आहे

प्रश्न ii.
माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी कधी होते?
उत्तर:
इतर प्राण्यांनी माळढोक पक्ष्यांची अंडी तुडवल्यास माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी होते.

कृती 3 : व्याकरण कृती

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थी शब्द लिहा.
(i) सुंदर (ii) खग (iii) जंगल (iv) सखा
उत्तर:
(i) देखणी (ii) पक्षी (iii) वन (iv) मित्र

प्रश्न 2.
वचन बदला.
(i) वन (ii) गाव (iii) किडे (iv) पक्षी
उत्तर:
(i) वने (ii) गावे (iii) किडा (iv) पक्षी

प्रश्न 3.
खालील वाक्ये लेखननियमांनुसार लिहा.

प्रश्न i.
सहलिच्या दिवसी आम्ही पहाटेच निघालो.
उत्तर:
सहलीच्या दिवशी आम्ही पहाटेच निघालो.

प्रश्न ii.
माळढोक पक्षी शेतकरयाचा मीत्र आहे.
उत्तर:
माळढोक पक्षी शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र आहे.

कृती 4 : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे, याविषयी तुमचे मत लिहा.
उत्तर:
निसर्ग हा सजीव व निर्जीव घटकांनी बनला आहे. यातील ङ्केप्रत्येक पटकांचा आकार, रंग, गुण हे वैशिष्टयपूर्ण असतात. पक्षीसुद्धा निसर्गाच्या या अविभाज्य घटकांपैकीच एक आहेत. निसर्गाच्या अन्नसाखळीत ते कुणाचे तरी भक्ष्य बनत असतात तर कुणाचे तरी ते भक्षक बनत असतात. अन्नसाखळीतील त्यांच्या या भूमिकेमुळे पर्यावरणाचा समतोल साधला जातो.

प्रश्न 2.
पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय करू शकता, याबद्दलची तुमची भूमिका स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तर:
आजकाल निसर्गातील अनपेक्षित व अनिष्ट बदलांचा परिणाम प्राणीजीवनाबरोबरच पक्ष्यांवरही होताना दिसतो. दिवसेंदिवस वाढणारी उष्णता व त्याच वेगाने निर्माण होणारी पाण्याची कमतरता यांमुळे पक्षांचे जीवन संकटात सापडले आहे. त्यांच्या वेगवेगळ्या प्रजातींची संख्या वाढवण्यासाठी शासकीय पातळीवर पक्षी अभयारण्ये उभारण्यासाठी जनजागृती मोहीम हाती घेऊ, तसेच मनुष्यवस्ती असलेल्या भागांत त्यांच्या दाणापाण्याची व्यवस्था करू.

त्याचबरोबर पक्ष्यांचे जीवन सुसहर होण्यासाठी वृक्षलागवडीसारखे उपक्रम हाती घेऊ. एवढेच नाही तर ज्या प्रजाती नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर आहेत अशा प्रजातींचे रक्षण करण्यासाठी शासकीय स्तरावर त्यांच्या शिकारीस व हत्येस प्रतिबंध करू.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास

खालील शब्दांचे विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तरः

1. मित्र × शत्रू
2. संतुलित × असंतुलित
3. काल × आज
4. देखणा × कुरूप

प्रश्न 2.
खालील वाक्यांतील नाम, सर्वनाम, विशेषण, क्रियापद ओळखा.
1. इतका देखणा पक्षी मी यापूर्वी कधीही बघितला नव्हता.
2. अभयारण्यातून फिरताना मला तुझी खूप आठवण आली
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 3.
खालील वाक्प्रचारांचा वाक्यात उपयोग करा.
उत्तर:
1. घोषित करणे – क्रिकेटच्या संघाचा संघप्रमुख म्हणून माझे नाव घोषित करण्यात आले.
2. निरखून बघणे – मी झाडावरील पक्ष्याला त्याचे घरटे बांधताना निरखून बघत होतो.

शब्दकोडे सोडवूया.

खालील चौकोनांतील अक्षरांमध्ये क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये लपलेली आहेत. उभ्या,आडव्यावतिरप्या पद्धतीने अक्षरे घेऊन क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये बनवावदिलेल्या जागेत लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तरः
एकदा, मजेशीर, तेथून, लगबगीने, मुळीच, तसाच, जरा, मागे, आता, पुढे.

खालील वाक्ये शुद्ध करून लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
दादा, आम्ही हा माळढोक पक्षी जवळुन नीरखून बघीतला.
उत्तर:
दादा आम्ही ह्य माळढोक पक्षी जवळून निरखून बघितला.
उदा.

1. जाता-येता
2. चार-पाच
3. कधी-कधी

खालील वाक्यांत संयोग चिन्हाचा वापर करा. उदा.

प्रश्न 1.
कोणतीही गोष्ट कष्टाशिवाय साध्य होत नाही. विदयार्थांनी देखील अभ्यास करताना या कष्टाचा पाठपुरावा’ करावा रोज दोन तीन तास वाचन करावे.
उत्तरः
कोणतीही गोष्ट कष्टाशिवाय साध्य होत नाही. विदयार्थ्यां नी देखील अभ्यास करताना या कष्टाचा पाठपुरावा करावा. रोज दोन-तीन तास वाचन करावे.

लेखन विभाग

प्रश्न 1.
माहिती घेण्यासाठी किंवा देण्यासाठी अनेक साधने वापरली जातात. खाली माहिती देवाणघेवाण करण्याची । संवादाची काही साधने दिली आहेत. त्यातील काही साधने एकतर्फी व काही साधने दुतर्फी माहितीची / संवादाची देवाणघेवाण करतात, त्यांची माहिती मिळवा व दिलेल्या तक्त्यात वर्गीकरण करा.
फॅक्स, पत्र, ई-मेल, मोबाइल, आंतरजाल, रेडिओ, वर्तमानपत्र, मोबाइल संदेश, चर्चा, मुलाखत, जाहिरात, भाषण, संभाषण.
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
चर्चा करा, सांगा व लिहा.
उत्तर:
पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे, या विषयी पालकांसोबत चर्चा करा.

• आई : राधिका त्या चिमणीसाठी भांड्यात थोडे पाणी ठेव पाहू.
• राधिका : मी नाही.
• आई : राधिका या उन्हाळ्याच्या दिवसात माणसांप्रमाणे पक्ष्यांनाही खूप तहान लागते.
• राधिका : मला का सांगते? ती का माझी मैत्रिण आहे?
• आई : राधिका, पक्षी हे आपल्यासाठी खूप महत्त्वाचे असतात.
• राधिका : सांग पाहू कसे ते?
• आई : पक्षी आपण टाकून दिलेल्या फळांच्या बिया खातात, व त्यांच्या विष्ठेतून त्या बाहेर पडतात. त्यातूनच काही बिया रूजतात व झाडे उगवतात.
• राधिका : खरचं आई?
• आई : होय! जंगलात झाडे लावायला आपण जातो का?
• राधिका : नाही?
• आई : ती सर्व झाडे पक्ष्यांमुळेच उगवतात. आपल्या आजूबाजूला जी बडा-पिंपळाची झाडे दिसतात ना, ती ही तशाच प्रकारे उगवली आहेत.
• राधिका : आई, तू म्हणतेस ते अगदी बरोबर आहे. अजून पक्षी कोणते काम करतात?
• आई : पक्षी मेलेले उंदीर किंवा इतर नको असलेला कचरा किंवा छोट्या किटकांना खातात. त्यामुळे आपला परिसर स्वच्छ राहतो व पर्यावरण संतुलित राहायला मदत होते.
• राधिका : आई मी माझ्या मित्रमैत्रिणींना सुद्धा पक्ष्यांची काळजी घ्यायला सांगेन.

प्रश्न 3.
पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढवण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय करू शकता, या विषयी मित्रांसोबत चर्चा करून यादी तयार करा.
उत्तर:
सुवर्णा : अरे राज, तू चिमणी पाहिली आहेस का?
राज : दोन-तीन वर्षांपूर्वी मी एक चिमणी पाहिली होती, पण हल्ली चिमण्या कुठेच दिसत नाहीत.
सुवर्णा : याचे काय कारण आहे हे तुला माहीत आहे का?
राज : नाही
सुवर्णा : थांब मी तुला सांगते. आपल्या सर्व मित्र मैत्रिणींना पण तू बोलव! (सर्व मित्र मैत्रिणी एकत्र येतात.) आपल्याला सर्वांना पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढविण्यासाठी काय करता येईल. यावर चर्चा करावयाची आहे. तर मग सांगा पाहू. (एकेक जण सांगू लागतात.) (1) आपण सर्वांत प्रथम झाडांची संख्या वाढवली पाहिजे. (2) पक्ष्यांसाठी पाण्याची सोय केली पाहिजे. (3) त्यांची घरटी सुरक्षित राहतील याकडे लक्ष दिले पाहिजे. (4) काहीजण पक्ष्यांची अंडी दुष्टपणे फोडून टाकतात ती वाचवली पाहिजेत.

(5) पक्ष्यांसाठी कृत्रिम घरे तयार करायला पाहिजेत. (6) पक्षी ओल्या कचऱ्याबरोबर कधीतरी प्लॅस्टिक पण खातात. यासाठी ओला व सुका कचरा वेगळा केला पाहिजे. (7) पक्षी झाडांकडे आकर्षित होतील अशा हिरव्यागार झाडांची संख्या वाढविली पाहिजे. (8) पक्ष्याना त्रास होणार नाही यासाठी मोठमोठ्या ध्वनिक्षेपकांचा आवाज टाळला पाहिजे. (9) फटाके उडविताना त्यांचा मोठा आवाज होतो त्यामुळे पक्षी घाबरतात, यासाठी आवाजविरहीत फटाके वाजविले पाहिजेत. (10) पक्ष्यांसाठी अन्नधान्य शेतात व इतर ठिकाणी राखून ठेवले पाहिजे.

प्रश्न 4.
तुम्ही भेट दिलेल्या एखाद्या पर्यटन स्थळाचे वर्णन करणारे पत्र मित्राला : मैत्रिणीला लिहा.
उत्तर:
॥श्री ।।

अ.ब. क.
सुयश अपार्टमेंट,
गांधी मार्ग, मधली आळी,
पनवेल 400805
दि.10 जुन 2018

प्रिय मित्र सुनिल यास,
सप्रेम नमस्कार तुझे पत्र मिळाले. यावेळी मे महिन्यात आई बाबांबरोबर मी महाबळेश्वरला गेलो होतो. त्यामुळे तुला पत्र लिहू शकलो नाही.

महाबळेश्वर हे उत्तम पर्यटन स्थळ आहे. अरे तिथले वातावरण तर खूपच सुंदर आहे. आम्ही तिचे सनसेट पॉईंटला गेलो होतो. तिथे इतका जोराचा वारा येतो की मला क्षणभर वाटले की मी ही वाऱ्याबरोबर उडून जातो की काय?

तसेच तेथे घोड्यावर रपेटही मारली. बोटींग केले. शेतातून काढलेली ताजी टवटवीत स्ट्रॉबेरीही आम्हांला खायला मिळाली.

तेथील बाजारात किती तरी हस्तकौशल्याच्या वस्तूही बघायला मिळाल्या. तेथील निसर्गरम्य वातावरणातून परत येण्याची इच्छाच होत नव्हती; पण काय करणार यावेच लागले. माझा अभ्यास व्यवस्थित सुरू आहे. तुझी खुशाली वरचेवर कळव.

तूबै एकदा महाबळेश्वरला जाऊन ये. तुझ्या आई बाबांना माझा शि. सा. नमस्कार. बाकी सर्व ठीक आहे.

तुझा मित्र.
अ. ब. क.

दादास पत्र Summary in Marathi

पाठ परिचय :

पत्र हे दोन व्यक्ती/संस्था यांच्यामधील वैचारिक, भावनिक देवाणघेवाण, संबंध आणि संवाद प्रस्थापित करणारे प्रभावी माध्यम आहे. मनातील भावनांना, विचारांना वाट करून देणारे ते साधन. संगणकाच्या व मोबाइलच्या जगात पत्र लिहिणे माणसे विसरूनच गेली आहेत. ‘दादास पत्र’ या पाठात बहिणीने आपल्या भावाला पत्राद्वारे सहलीला केलेल्या गमती व खुशाली कळविली आहे.

A letter is a strong medium of communication between two people or institutions to share ideologies, emotions, relationships and dialogues. It gives way to express one’s emotions or thoughts. In the world of computers and mobiles, people have forgotten to write letters. In ‘Dadas Patra’, a sister has written about her cherished memories of a picnic to her brother through a letter.

शब्दार्थ :

1. सहल – पर्यटन, फेरफटका – a picnic
2. चित्रफीत – सिनेमा – acinema/film
3. हट्ट – कळकळीची विनवणी – insistence
4. देखण्या – मोहक, सुंदर – charming
5. तुडवणे – पायाखाली चिरडणे – to crush under feet
6. पूर्व परवानगी – आगाऊ अनुमती, – prior permission
7. संमती संतुलित – समतोल – balance
8. पर्यावरण – अवतीभवतीची सजीव-निर्जीव सृष्टी – environment
9. प्रदूषण – अशुद्धता – pollution
10. पटणे – खात्री होणे – to be convinced
11. अविस्मरणीय – न विसरण्यासारखे – unforgettable
12. खुशाली – निरोगी व सुखी स्थिती – health and happiness
13. संतुलित – संतुलन राखलेले (Balanced)
14. अविभाज्य – विभागले न जाणारे (Integral)
15. वनविभाग (वनखाते) – अरण्यांची देखभाल करणारे खाते (forest department)
16. वहन – वाहून नेण्याची क्रिया (carrying)
17. पाठपुरवठा करणे – सतत मागे रहाणे/लागणे (persuance)
18. एकतर्फी – एका बाजूने (one way)
19. दुतर्फी – दोन्ही बाजूने (both way)
20. ध्वनिक्षेपक – speakers

वाक्प्रचार :

1. नष्ट होणे – नाहीसा होणे
2. घोषित करणे – जाहीर करणे
3. गुजराण करणे – निर्वाह करणे
4. निरखून पाहणे – बारकाईने निरीक्षण करणे

टिपा :

• चंडोल पक्षी – चिमणीसारखा दिसणारा हा पक्षी फार सुंदर गातो. त्यांची पिसे तपकिरी, राखाडी, वाळूसारखी काळी व पांढरी अशा विविध रंगाची असतात. मोकळ्या मैदानात व चराऊ गवताळ प्रदेशात त्यांचे वास्तव्य आढळते.
• माळटिटवी पक्षी – तितराइतका आकार असणाऱ्या या पक्ष्याचे पाय लांब तर पोट पांढरे व डोळे काळे असते. यास पिवळ्या गाठीची टिटवी असे म्हणतात. पडीक शेतीचा प्रदेश व धान्याची कापलेली शेते याठिकाणी हे पक्षी वास्तव्य करतात.
• माळढोक अभयारण्य – ‘जवाहरलाल नेहरू माळढोक अभयारण्य’ या नावाने ओळखल्या जाणाऱ्या या अभयारण्याची स्थापना सन 1979 मध्ये झाली. हे महाराष्ट्रातील आकारमानाने सर्वात मोठे अभयारण्य आहे. सोलापूर व नगर जिल्ह्यातील मोठ्या भूभागावर हे वसलेले आहे. याचे क्षेत्रफळ 8496 चौ.कि.मी. इतके आहे.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write the meaning:

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question Answer  Question 1.
Chauthai.
Answer:
One fourth part of the revenue

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 2.
Sardeshmukhi.
Answer:
One tenth part of the revenue

2. Write the answer in one word:

Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 1.
Balaji was from this town in Konkan.
Answer:
Shrivardhan

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Class 7 Question 2.
He ruled Bundelkhand.
Answer:
King Chhatrasal

10 The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 3.
Bajirao died at this place.
Answer:
Raverkhedi

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Answer Question 4.
He defeated the Portuguese.
Answer:
Chimajiappa

3. Write about them in your own words:

10. The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 1.
KanhojiAngre
Answer:

• Kanhoji Angre was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
• He choose Maharani Tarabai’s side.
• He attacked areas which belong to Shahu Maharaj.
• Shahu Maharaj appointed Balaji as Peshwa.
• Balaji was sent against Kanhoji.
• Balaji diplomatically turned Kanhoji towards Shahu Maharaj’s side.

Question 2.
The Battle of Palkhed
Answer:

• Mughal Emperor Farukhsear appointed Nijam-ul-Mulk as the Subhedar of Deccan.
• The Emperor gave Marathas the right to collect chauthai, Sardeshmukhi from the Mughals.
• The Nizam was against it.
• Bajirao decided to attack the Nizam and he defeated Nizam at Palkhed near Aurangabad.

Question 3.
Balaji Vishwanath:
Answer:

• Balaji Vishwanath was a prominent Maratha Sardar.
• He hailed from Shrivardhan, a town in Konkan.
• He was industrious and experienced.
• He convinced many Sardars to join hands with Shahu Maharaj.
• Kanhoji Angre, the chief of the Maratha Navy was against Shahu Maharaj and sided with Maharani Tarabai.
• He was sent against Kanhoji.
• Balaji avoided the war and diplomatically turned Kanhoji towards Shahu Maharaj’s side.

Question 4.
Bajirao I
Answer:
(i) After the death of Balaji Vishwanath, Shahu Maharaj made Bajirao I Peshwa in CE1720.

(ii) He expanded the Maratha Empire during his tenure of 20 years.

(iii) Nizam, the Subhedar of Deccan did not allow the Marathas the right to collect chauthai and sardeshmukhi.

(iv) Bajirao attacked Nizam and defeated him at Palkhed near Aurangabad.

(v) Under the leadership of his brother Chimajiappa. Bajirao sent Malharrao Holkar,: Ranoji Shinde and Udaji Pawar to strengthen the position of the Marathas in Malwa.

(vi) Mughal Subhedar Mohammad Khan Bangush attacked on Bundelkhand. The king of Bundelkhand, Chhatrasal requested Bajirao to help him.

(vii) Bajirao defeated Bangush. The King Chhatrasal honoured Bajirao on large scale.

4. Give reasons:

Question 1.
Two separate Maratha States were formed.
Answer:
(i) There was a battle between Shahu Maharaj and Maharani Tarabai for the throne/gadi.

(ii) Shahu Maharaj won the battle and captured Satara.

(iii) He got himself crowned and Satara became the capital of the Maratha kingdom.

(iv) In 1710, Maharani Tarabai declared her minor son Shivaji II as Chhatrapati at Panhalgad. Since then, a separate state of Kolhapur apart from Satara state came into existence in the Maratha Empire.

Question 2.
Azamshah released Chattrapati Shahu Maharaj from his custody.
Answer:
(i) Azamshah thought that if he released Shahu Maharaj from his custody, then there will be a fight between Maharani Tarabai and Shahu Maharaj for the throne of Chhatrapati.

(ii) The Maratha power will become weak and therefore Azamshah released Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj from his custody.

Question 3.
Delhi Darbar needed the help of the Marathas.
Answer:
(i) The Mughal Empire was threatened by the north-west Irani and Afgani attacks.

(ii) Local kings like Pathans, Rajputs, Jats and Rohilas also posed a threat for them.

(iii) The internal competition and tussle in die court also weakened the Mughal powers. Hence, Delhi Darbar needed the help Marathas.

Activity:

Get a biography of Maharani Tarabai and present an inspiring event in her life.

Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate word from the options given below:

Question 1.
Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj had got himself crowned at _______.(Pune, Satara, Malwa)
Answer:
Satara

Question 2.
At the time of Aurangzeb’s death, Shahajada _______ was in the south. (Azamshah, Aurangzeb, Farukhsear)
Answer:
Azamshah

Question 3.
Maharani Tarabai declared her minor son as Chhatrapati _______ at Panhala. (Shivaji II, Savai, Madhavrao)
Answer:
Shivaji II

Question 4.
_______ became the Subhedar of the Deccan. (Nijam-ul-Mulk, Farukhsear, Madhavrao)
Answer:
Nijam-ul-Mulk

Question 5.
Bajirao sent his brother ________ to subdue the Portuguese. (Chimajiappa, Malharrao Holkar, Ranoji Shinde)
Answer:
Chimajiappa

Question 6.
Bajirao defeated _________ of Bundelkhand. (Bangush, Nadir Shah, Farukhsear)
Answer:
Bangush

Question 7.
When Kanhoji Angre attacked Shahu Maharaj, he sent ______ against Kanhoji Angre. (Balaji Vishwanath, Bajirao, Shahu Maharaj)
Answer:
Balaji Vishwanath

Question 8.
After the death of Balaji Vishwanath, Shahu Maharaj made ________ as the Peshwa. (Chimajiappa, Bajirao I, Udaji Pawar)
Answer:
Bajirao I

Question 9.
Iran’s Emperor ___________ attack on India. (Nadirshah, Abdulla (Hassan), Hussein Ali)
Answer:
Nadirshah

Question 10.
After the death of Aurangzeb ________ and ______ dominated the Mughal Court.(Abdulla (Hasan), Hussein Ali, Nijam-Ul-Mulk)
Answer:
Abdulla (Hasan) and Hussein Ali

Question 11.
After the death of Emperor Aurangzeb the fight for __________ started between his sons. (Delhi’s throne, Chauthai-Sardeshmukhi, Subhedar of Deccan)
Answer:
Delhi’s throne

Question 12.
Prince Shahu was in the custody of _________ (Maharani Tarabai, Azamshah, Bahadur Shah)
Answer:
Azamshah

Question 13.
_______ became the capital of Maratha kingdom. (Satara, Kolhapur, Pune)
Answer:
Satara

Question 14.
__________was the chief of the Maratha Navy. (Balaji, Vishwanath, Kanhoji Angre, Bajirao I)
Answer:
Kanhoji Angre

Question 15.
Bajirao took his last breath at _______ (Raverkhedi, Bhopal, Palkhed)
Answer:
Raverkhedi

Question 16.
________ established the Maratha domination in North India by his bravery.
(Chimajiappa, Bajirao, King Chhatrasal)
Answer:
Bajirao

Match the following:

Question 1.

Answer:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – a
4 – d

Question 2.

Answer:
1 – b
2 – d
3 – a
4 – c

Explain the meanings of:

Question 1.
Subhedar.
Answer:
Historical rank in the army

Question 2.
Sanad.
Answer:
Authority

Write the answer in one word:

Question 1.
These places were under Portuguese rule.
Answer:
Vasai and Thane

Question 2.
The Emperor of Iran who invaded India.
Answer:
Nadir Shah

Question 3.
He was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
Answer:
KanhojiAngre

Question 4.
He was a great warrior.
Answer:
Bajirao

Question 5.
He was the first Peshwa.
Answer:
Balaji Vishwanath

Question 6.
The second Peshwa.
Answer:
Bajirao

Question 7.
Aurangzeb’s son.
Answer:
Shahajada Azamshah

Question 8.
Tarabai proclaimed her younger son as.
Answer:
Chhatrapati Shivaji II

Answer the following in one sentences:

Question 1.
Who was in the custody of Azamshah?
Answer:
Prince Shahu was in the custody of Azamshah.

Question 2.
What was the new political policy of Marathas?
Answer:
The new political policy of the Marathas was to protect and expand their own Empire instead of fighting with Mughal powers.

Question 3.
What had weakened the Mughal powers?
Answer:
The threat from local kings, internal competition and tussle in the court weakened the Mughal powers.

Question 4.
Who was Kanhoji Angre?
Answer:
Kanhoji Angre was the Chief of the Maratha Navy.

Question 5.
With whose help did Balaji receive the authority to recover Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi?
Answer:
With the help of Sayyid brothers, Abdulla (Hassan) and Hussein Ali, Balaji received the authority to recover Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi.

Question 6.
Whom did Bajirao send to Malwa to strengthen the position of the Marathas?
Answer:
Bajirao sent Malharrao Holkar, Ranoji Shinde and Udaji Pawar under the leadership of his x brother Chimajiappa to Malwa to strengthen the position of Marathas.

Question 7.
Whose help did King Chhatrasal seek to protect his kingdom Bundelkhand.
Answer:
The King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao to protect his kingdom Bundelkhand.

Question 8.
Which parts from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule?
Answer:
Vasai and Thane from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule.

Question 9.
Whom did Bajirao send to defeat Portuguese? ‘
Answer:
Bajirao sent his brother Chimajiappa to defeat the Portuguese.

Question 10.
What rights did Balaji get from the Mughal Emperor?
Answer:
Balaji got from the Mughal Emperor the sanads to collect Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi

Question 11.
Why did Chhatrasal ask Balaji for help?
Answer:
Mohammad Khan Bangush, the Mughal Subhedar of Allahabad attacked Bundelkhand and defeated Chhatrasal. So, Chhatrasal asked Balaji for help.

Question 12.
Where did Bajirao defeat the Nizam?
Answer:
Bajirao defeated the Nizam at Palkhed near Aurangabad.

Question 13.
What were the great qualities of Bajirao?
Answer:
Bajirao was a great warrior, a powerful ruler who established the Maratha dominance in North.

Write notes on the following:

Question 1.
The Battle of Bhopal
Answer:

• The emperor became restless due to Bajirao’s attack.
• He called the Nizam to protect Delhi.
• The Nizam attacked Bajirao with his large army.
• Bajirao defeated him at Bhopal.
• The Nizam agreed to secure the sanad of Malwa subhedari to Marathas from the Badshah.

Give explanations for the following:

Question 1.
Portuguese.
Answer:

• Vasai and Thane from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule.
• Portuguese rulers used to exploit people.

Question 2.
King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao for help.
Answer:

• King Chhatrasal established his own kingdom in Bundelkhand.
• Mughal Subhedar Mohammad Khari Bangush attacked Bundelkhand and defeated king Chhatrasal.
• Hence, King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao for help.

Question 3.
Shahu Maharaj knew the integrities of the Mughals.
Answer:

• The early part of Shahu Maharaj’s life was spent in Mughal camps.
• He has seen Mughal politics from close quarters.
• He was aware of the strong and weak points of the Mughal empire very well.
• He also knew some influential people in Mughal Darbar.
• All these factors helped him in the changing circumstances to decide the new direction for Maratha politics.

Answer the following in short:

Question 1.
How did Balaji Vishwanath turned Kanhoji towards the side of Shahu Maharaj?
Answer:

• Kanhoji Angre was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
• He chose Maharani Tarabai’s side.
• He attacked areas which belonged to Shahu Maharaj.
• Shahu Maharaj sent Balaji Vishwanath against Kanhoji.
• Balaji avoided the war and won Kanhoji towards the side of Shahu Maharaj.

Question 2.
Why did Bajirao decide to attack Delhi?
Answer:

• The Marathas established their supremacy in Malwa and Bundelkhand.
• Bajirao demanded Malwa Subhedari from the Badshah (Emperor).
• The Emperor rejected his demand Hence Bajirao decided to attack Delhi.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 6 Natural Regions

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the following statements carefully. Correct the wrong ones and write them down:

Natural Regions Class 7 Geography Question 1.
Due to its mild and warm climate, people from the West European region are not energetic.
Answer:
False – Due to its mild and warm climate people from the West European region are industrious and energetic.

Std 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Question 2.
The prairie region is called the wheat basket of the world.
Answer:
True.

Natural Regions Class 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
The trees in the Mediterranean region have oily leaves and the bark is quite thick. There is a high rate of transpiration.
Answer:
False – The trees in the hot desert region have oily leaves and the bark is quite thick. There is high rate of transpiration.

Natural Regions Class 7 Question 4.
The camel is an important animal of the hot desert region as it can survive without water and is useful for transport.
Answer:
True.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Question 5.
Carnivorous animals like tigers and lions are found in large numbers in the equatorial regions.
Answer:
False – Carnivorous animals like tigers and lions are found in large numbers in the grassland region (Sudan).

2. Give geographical reasons:

6 Natural Regions Question 1.
People in monsoon region are mainly engaged in agriculture.
Answer:
(i) The monsoon region is located in tropical & subtropical belt between 10° & 30°N & parallels which receives almost perpendicular rays of the sun for most part of the year.

(ii) The summers temperature are hot with between 27° & 32°C & the winters are mild with temperatures between 15° to 24°C.

(iii) This region receives rainfall during specific season from the south west monsoon winds and the rainfall varies between 250 to 2500 mm.

(iv) Thus as the climatic conditions are such that they favour growth of variety of crops.

(v) Thus, people in the monsoon region are engaged in agriculture.

Natural Regions Std 7 Question 2.
Trees in equatorial forests grow tall.
Answer:
(i) The equatorial forest are found in regions between 50°N & 50°S of the equator. This region receives perpendicular rays of the sun throughout the year.

(ii) The climate of the equatorial region is hot & it receives rainfall throughout the year. Annual rainfall in this region is between 2500 & 3000 mm.

(iii) Hence, dense evergreen forests are found here. Due to dense vegetation sunlight does not reach the ground & the trees compete for sunlight.

(iv) Thus, trees in equatorial forests grow tall.

Question 3.
Vegetation is short-lived in the Tundra region.
Answer:
(i) Tundra region is located between 65°N to 90°N parallels due to which the climate here is very cold.
(ii) The mean summer temperatures is between 20°C to 30°C.
(iii) Very cold climate of winter does not support growth of vegetation but short grass, small shrubs, flowers, lichen, moss etc. grow during short summer period here
(iv) Thus, vegetation is short-lived in the Tundra region.

3. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is the latitudinal extent of the Taiga . region?
Answer:
Taiga region extends from 55° to 65° N latitudes from Alaska to the Atlantic coast & in parts of Eurasia.

Question 2.
Name any three herbivorous animals from the Sudan region. What has nature endowed them with for self-protection?
Answer:

• Sudan region has zebras, elephant and giraffe.
• Nature has gifted them with speedy legs.
• The skin of the animals here have colourful spots or stripes/bands.

Question 3.
What are the characteristics of the Monsoon region?
Answer:
The characteristics of the Monsoon region are as follows:

• The summer temperature is between 27° and 32°C & the winter temperature is 15° to 24°C.
• Rainfall varies between 250 to 2500 mm. This region gets rain in specific seasons from the SW Monsoon.
• Rainfall here is highly variable and distribution is quite uneven.
• Semi-evergreen and deciduous forests are found in this region. Vegetation depends on the distribution of rainfall.
• Agriculture is the main occupation of the people here.
• Large number of small hamlets are found. There is considerable difference in the diet & costumes of the people in the monsoon region.
• Population here is mostly engaged in primary occupation

4. Show the following items on an outline map of the world. Prepare the index:

• Colorado Desert
• British Columbia
• Downs Grassland
• Inhabited part of Greenland
• Mediterranean Sea
• Congo basin
• Llanos and Campos

Answer:

Activity:

Using the Internet, check the information given in this lesson. Collect pictures of the flora and fauna and the human life of the various natural regions. Make a collage by pasting these pictures on the world map.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell:

Observe the picture given on Pg. no. 30 of Geography textbook and answer the following question given below.

Page no: 31

Question 1.
Why are the house types shown in the pictures not seen in our surrounding?
Answer:
All the house types shown in the pictures are not seen in our surroundings because house types differ from place to place. They are built taking into consideration rainfall, temperature and raw material available for building houses.

Question 2.
Which are the regions where such types of houses are found?
Answer:
In cities, we find buildings and bungalows built of concrete material. An igloo is found in the Tundra or Taiga region. Huts are found in grassland or forested areas.

Question 3.
Would you like to stay in a house built of ice? Why don’t we build such houses?
Answer:
Yes, I would like to stay in an ice house. We can’t build it here because the temperature is high which will melt the ice and we don’t have snowfall in Maharashtra.

Question 4.
What brings about difference in people’s clothing?
Answer:
There is difference in people’s clothing because firstly it depends upon the climate of the place. Secondly it depends upon the culture & tradition as well as the raw material available or textile industries that are set up a particular region.

Question 5.
Where do you think Khubz, insects and ants also form a part of the diet of the people?
Answer:
Human beings eat whatever is edible & does not harm their digestive system.
Previously Khubz, insects & ants were consumed mainly by tribal people or people living in underdeveloped countries, but today it is consumed by people for protein, or for tradition or even as exploratory cuisine.

Question 6.
Can the animals from polar region like polar bears and penguins be kept in the tropical zoos?
Answer:
No, polar bear and penguins survive only in colder regions. They cannot bear the tropical heat and may die. Therefore, they are not kept in tropical zoos.

Question 7.
Are all the plants shown in the pictures found in our surroundings? If not, where do you think they can be found?
Answer:
TB pg 30 – The tree shown in 1 st picture is found in the coastal area. The tree in the 2nd picture is found in the equatorial region. The plant in the 3rd picture is found in the hot desert region.
TB pg 31 – The tree in the 1st picture is found in grassland regions.
The tree in 2nd picture is found in the monsoon region
The tree in the 3rd picture is found in the Taiga region.

Think about it:

Question 1.
Why are animals like lions not found in Equatorial forests?
Answer:
(i) Equatorial regions have hot & humid climate & it rains throughout the year. So, dense multilayered evergreen forests are found here.

(ii) As the sunlight does not reach the ground the trees compete to get sunlight & hence trees grow very tall.

(iii) Mainly animals which can survive in swampy & marshy environment of forests are arboreal animals found in equatorial forests.
Hence animals like lions are not found in equatorial forests.

Question 2.
Why are the hot deserts mainly located along the western side of the continents?
Answer:
The planetary winds shed their moisture in the eastern parts of the continents and become dry by the time they reach the western margins. Therefore, hot deserts are mainly located along the western side of the continents.

Question 3.
Why are people in the hot deserts engaged mostly in animal rearing?
Answer:
Hot deserts have very scanty rains and high temperature which does not favour agriculture, therefore people in the hot deserts are mostly engaged in animal rearing.

Question 4.
Why do people in hot deserts live a nomadic life?
Answer:
People in hot deserts rear animals for a living. Therefore they move from place to place in search of water and fodder for their animals.

Question 5.
Why are carnivorous animals found in the grasslands?
Answer:
In the grassland region there are a large number of herbivorous animals. Therefore carnivorous animals are found in large numbers.

Make friends with maps!

Observe the map and answer the following questions

Question 1.
Which natural regions are found in India?
Answer:
Monsoon region is the natural region found in India.

Question 2.
Which continent comprises a major portion of the hot desert type of region?
Answer:
Continent of Africa comprises a major portion of hot desert type region.

Question 3.
Which continent has the highest diversity in terms of natural regions?
Answer:
Continent of Asia has the highest diversity in terms of natural region.

Question 4.
Why are there fewer natural regions in the southern hemisphere than those in the northern hemisphere?
Answer:
Because the land in the southern hemisphere is less and have only in two temperature zones.

Question 5.
Which natural region occupies the largest area in the world.
Answer:
Taiga region occupies the largest area in the world.

Question 6.
Where else do we find conditions similar to the continent of Antarctica?
Answer:
Greenland has conditions similar to continent of Antarctica.

Question 7.
Throughout which natural regions does the Prime Meridian pass?
Answer:
The Prime Meridian passes through Hot deserts, Mediterranean type of climate, Taiga, West European type region.

Observe the table of natural region on Pg. 33 of textbook, then answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which natural region consists of short-lived vegetation?
Answer:
Tundra region consists of short-lived vegetation.

Question 2.
In which natural region will you find the kraals?
Answer:
We will find the kraals in Sudan type grassland region.

Question 3.
Which region has winter rains?
Answer:
The Mediterranean region has winter rains.

Question 4.
In which natural regions are gorillas and chimpanzees found?
Answer:
Gorillas and Chimpanzees are found in the Equatorial region.

Question 5.
In which natural region is the land surface in the forests devoid of vegetation?
Answer:
Hot deserts region is devoid of vegetation.

Question 6. Which regions favour dairy farming?
Answer:
Grassland (Prairie and Steppes) favour dairy farming.

Question 7.
Which region is favourable for fruit production?
Answer:
Mediterranean region is favourable for fruit production.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Regions Additional Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks choosing the correct option from the bracket:

Question 1.
The ______ people live in the Steppes grassland and they live a nomadic life. (Zulu, Pygmies, Kirgiz)
Answer:
Zulu

Question 2.
Monsoon region gets rains from the ____ winds. (NE monsoon, SW monsoon, SE monsoon)
Answer:
SW monsoon

Question 3.
_____ cause cyclonic rain in the West European region. (Westerlies, Easterlies, Polar)
Answer:
Westerlies

Question 4.
Sailors and explorers are mainly found in the ______ region. (Mediterranean, Monsoon, West European)
Answer:
Mediterranean

Question 5.
The _______ type of forest is found in the Equatorial region.(Coniferous, Evergreen, Deciduous)
Answer:
Evergreen

Question 6.
The ________ region receives rainfall in winter. (Mediterranean, Equatorial, Taiga)
Answer:
Mediterranean

Question 7.
Seat of Greek and Roman civilization is found in the ______ region. (Taiga, Hot desert, Mediterranean)
Answer:
Mediterranean

Question 8.
In Monsoon region, ______ is the main occupation of the people. (agriculture, animal husbandary, secondary)
Answer:
agriculture

Match the pair correctly:

Question 1.

Answer:
1 – e
2 – d
3 – c
4 – b
5 – a

Do the following tasks:
Question 1.
Write the important occupation of the region in the following table:
Answer:

Question 2.
Find the location of the following regions from the world map and write down in the table given below:
Answer:

Who am I. (Type of region):

Question 1.
I am found in Indonesia and Guinea
Answer:
Equatorial Region

Question 2.
I am found as Llanos and Campos
Answer:
Grasslands (Sudan type)

Question 3.
I am found in the Colorado and the Atacama
Answer:
Hot Desert region

Question 4.
I am found in South America and North America
Answer:
Grassland (steppes and prairies)

Question 5.
I am found from the Alaska to the Atlantic coast
Answer:
Taiga region

Question 6.
I am found in Greenland and North Canada
Answer:
Tundra region

Question 7.
I am found in California.
Answer:
Mediterranean region.

Name the following:

Question 1.
Any two animals of Tundra region
Answer: Reindeer, Polar bears.

Question 2.
Any 2 types of trees of the Taiga region.
Answer:
Spruce, Pine.

Question 3.
A tribe found in the Steppes and Prairies grassland who are no more nomadic.
Answer:
Kirghiz

Question 4.
Any two tribes found in Sudan type grassland region.
Answer:
Zulu, Hausa

Question 5.
Any three hot deserts
Answer:
Sahara (N. Africa), Thar (Asia), Colorado (N. America)

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What is the mean winter temperature in the Tundra region?
Answer:
The mean winter temperature in the tundra region is approximately -20° to -30°C.

Question 2.
How are the summers and winters in Sudan region?
Answer:
In the Sudan region, summers are hot and humid where as winters are warm and dry.

Question 3.
What are the annual rainfall in the Equatorial region?
Answer:
The annual rainfall in the equatorial region is between 2500 and 3000 mm.

Question 4.
Which animal is commonly found in the hot deserts? Why?
Answer:
Camels are commonly found in the hot deserts. as they can survive for days without water.

Question 5.
What are the characteristics of plants in the hot desert region?
Answer:
Their vegetation is in the form of thorny bushes with hardly any leaves; also the leaves are narrow, oily & the plants have a thick bark.

Question 6.
What type of forest are found in the Taiga region?
Answer:
Mainly coniferous forests are found in the Taiga region.

Give Geographical reasons for:

Question  1.
In hot desert region, animals like camels survive for days without water.
Answer:
(i) In Hot desert region mean summer temperature is 30° to 45°C.
(ii) The heat is tremendous & the rainfall is very low.
(iii) Camels have adapted themselves to such extreme conditions. When there is food & water a camel can eat & drink large amounts & store it as fat in the hump. Hence in hot desert region, animals like camels survive for days without water.

Question 2.
The Mediterranean region is known for its rainfall in winters.
Answer:
(i) The Mediterranean region lies between 30°and 40° parallels in both the hemispheres on the western side of continents.
(ii) Therefore, the Mediterranean region comes under the influence of westerlies.
(iii) Hence, it receives rainfall in winter.

Question 3.
Taiga region, lumbering is the main occupation.
Answer:
(i) The Taiga region has a cool climate. The summer temperature ranges between 15° to 20°C & the winter temperature falls below 0°C.
(ii) Hence, mainly coniferous forests are found here.
(iii) The wood of the trees here is light & soft.
(iv) Hence, lumbering is the main occupation in the Taiga region.

Question 4.
As one travels from the equator to the poles the spectrum of biodiversity narrows down.
Answer:
(i) In Equatorial region the occupation is based on forest produce, for eg. gathering of gum, rubber, etc.

(ii) Whereas towards the poles, the availability of natural resources adversely affects the human occupations.

(iii) The availability of sunlight and water keep on changing from equator to the polar region therefore as one travels from the equator to the poles, the spectrum of biodiversity narrows down.

Question 5.
There are variations in the biodiversity in different parts of the world.
Answer:
(i) Difference in landforms, climate and soil greatly influence the flora, fauna and human life.
(ii) Therefore it give rise to variations in the biodiversity in different parts of the world.

Question 6.
Equatorial region has a number of diseases.
Answer:
Equatorial region has a number of diseases because of the hot and humid climate which ,decomposes and causes vegetal litter.

Answer the following questions in short:

Question 1.
Describe coniferous trees in the Taiga region.
Answer:

• Coniferous trees have light and soft wood
• Leaves are narrow and pointed.
• Branches are leaning towards the ground.

Question 2.
Describe the vegetation in the Mediterranean region.
Answer:

• Grass is found in low rainfall regions whereas coniferous forests are found in mountainous region.
• Trees have thick barks and thick, small and oily leaves.

Question 3.
What types of forests are found in the Monsoon region?
Answer:
In the Monsoon region, semi-evergreen and deciduous forest are found.

Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
What are the characteristics of the West European Region?
Answer:
The characteristics of the West European Region are as follows

• Mean Summer temperature is around 20°C, mean winter temperature is around 5°C.
• Mean rainfall is between 500 and 2500 mm.
• The rainfall is mostly in the form of cyclones associated with westerlies.
• It rains throughout the year.
• Climate is mild.
• Green grass is seen all the year round.
• Trees shed their leaves in winter.
• Coniferous trees and short-grasses grow here.

Question 2.
What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean region?
Answer:
The characteristics of the Mediterranean region are as follows :

• Dry summers and rainfall in winter and mean summer temperature from 21 °C to 27°C.
• Winter temperature between 10°C and 14°C.
• Mean annual rainfall is 500 to 1000 mm.
• It rains in winter.
• Thick small oily leaves.

Arrange the name of the region given in the semicircular globe depending on the parallels they lie:

Question 1.

Answer:

• Tundra region – Between 65° to 90° parallels.
• Taiga region – Between 55° and 65°N parallels.
• Prairie grassland – Between 30° and 55° N and S parallels.
• Hot Desert region – Between 20° and 30° N and S parallels.
• Sudan grassland – Between 5° to 20° N & S parallels.
• Equatorial region – Between 5° N to 20° S of the equator.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj

Class 7 History Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Can you tell ?

Class 7 History Chapter 7 The Administration Of The Swaraj Question 1.
A Council with eight departments –
Answer:
Ashtapradhan Mandal

The Administration Of The Swaraj Std 7 Question Answer Question 2.
Bahirj Naik was the Head of this department –
Answer:
Intelligence department.

The Administration Of The Swaraj Std 7 Question 3.
The sea fort built by Maharaj near Malvan –
Answer:
Sindhudurga

7 The Administration Of The Swaraj Question Answer Question 4.
He looked after the war materials on the fort –
Answer:
The Karkhanis.

2. Write about it in your own words:

The Administration Of The Swaraj Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj’s Policy regarding agriculture.
Answer:

• Agriculture was the backbone of the village/ rural economy
• Shivaji Maharaj paid attention to the welfare of the peasants.
• The officers were warned not to collect more revenue than the fixed amount.
• Peasants were encouraged to bring more land under cultivation.
• Special concession was granted if: There was famine, floods or if any army of the enemy had devasted the area.
• Bullocks, ploughs and good seeds were provided to the peasants.

Question 2.
Shivaji Maharaj – a ruler concerned about the welfare of his subjects.
Answer:
(i) Shivaji Maharaj had an excellent agricultural policy like fixed revenue. He paid attention to the welfare of the peasants.

(ii) Concessions to the farmers who had crop failure due to floods, famine, etc.

(iii) He provided bullocks, ploughs and good seeds to the farmers.

(iv) He increased trade so that kingdom could prosper.

(v) He protected industries, e.g. The salt industry in the Konkan.

(vi) Salt imported from the Portuguese territory would then cost more so he protected the salt industry in Konkan. Hence the above stories reveal that Shivaji Maharaj was concerned about the welfare of his subjects.

3. Give reasons:

Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj appointed a Council of Eight Ministers.
Answer:

• Shivaji Maharaj divided the administration in to eight different departments.
• For the convenience of the administration, Shivaji Maharaj appointed a Council of Eight Ministers called ‘Ashtapradhan Mandal’.

Question 2.
Shivaji Maharaj raised a navy.
Answer:

• The enemies on the west coast of India created obstacles in the work of expansion of the Swaraj.
• It was necessary to curb their activities and to protect the west coast.
• Shivaji Maharaj also realized that the one who has a navy, controls the sea. Hence, Shivaji Maharaj raised a navy.

4. Complete the chart:

Question 1.

Answer:

Activities:

1. Interview a person in your neighbourhood who has served in the armed forces.
2. Visit a market in your town. List the items prepared/grown in the neighbourhood and those that come from outside.

Class 7 History Chapter 7 The Administration of the Swaraj Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate words from the options given below:

Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj entrusted the responsibility of organizing the land revenue system to _____ .(Bahuji Naik, Netaji Palkar, Annaji Datto)
Answer:
Annaji Datto

Question 2.
_________ was the highest officer in the cavalry. (Sarnobat, Havaldar, Naik)
Answer:
Sarnobat

Question 3.
One of the excellent sea forts was ________ (Sindhudurga, Padmadurga, Rajgad)
Answer:
Sindhudurga

Question 4.
______ looked after the storage of food grains and maintenance of war material on the fort. (Killedar, Karkhanis, Sabnis)
Answer:
Karkhanis

Question 5.
______ was the backbone of rural economy. (Navy, Agriculture, Army)
Answer:
Agriculture

Question 6.
Shivaji Maharaj appointed a _______ Council of Ministers. (four, eight, seven)
Answer:
Eight

Question 7.
Shivaji Maharaj knew the importance of __________ (trade, agriculture, industries)
Answer:
agriculture

Name the following:

Question 1.
He is the chief of the infantry.
Answer:
Sarnobat

Question 2.
Officers of infantry.
Answer:
(a) Havaldar
(b) Jumledar

Question 3.
Two type of cavalrymen.
Answer:
(a) Shiledars
(b) Bargirs

Question 4.
Number of forts in Swaraj.
Answer:
300 Forts

Question 5.
Number of ships of various kind in Navy.
Answer:
400 ships

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Which officers were there on the forts?
Answer:
There was a Killedar, Sabnis and a Karkhanis on every fort.

Question 2.
Which were the hill forts built by Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
(i) Pratapgad
(ii) Pavangad
(iii) Rajgad

Question 3.
Name the battleships in the Navy of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
(i) Gurab
(ii) Galbat
(iii) Pal

Question 4.
What were the two types of cavalrymen?
Answer:
(i) The Shiledar with his own horse and weapons
(ii) The Bargirs who were provided with a horse and weapons by the state.

Question 5.
Who were the Chief Naval Commanders?
Answer:
Maynak Bhandari and Daulatkhan were the Chief Naval Commanders.

Question 6.
Name the enemies on the west coast, who created obstacles in the expansion of Swaraj.
Answer:

• The Portuguese of Goa
• The Siddi of Janjira
• The British factors of Surat
• The Rajapur.

Question 7.
What constituted the ‘Ashtapradhan Mandal’?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj appointed a council of eight ministers handling the affairs of eight different departments. These eight heads of department constituted the Ashtapradhan Mandal.

Question 8.
How did Shivaji Maharaj appoint the council of ministers?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj appointed the council on the basis of their merits and achievements, and they were paid handsome salaries.

Question 9.
How did Shivaji Maharaj describe the merchants?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj described the merchants as “Merchants are the ornaments of the kingdom and the glory of the king”.

Question 10.
Name some of the famous sarnobats (officers) of the cavalry.
Answer:

• Netaji Palkar
• Prataprao
• Gujar
• Hambirrao Mohite.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj encouraged trade.
Answer:

• Shivaji knew that a kingdom does not prosper if the trade does not increase.
• Necessary goods could be brought in the kingdom.
• Goods were available in plenty.
• Prosperity of trade increased the wealth.

Question 2.
Shivaji Maharaj protected the salt industry in Konkan.
Answer:

• At that time, traders imported salt from the Portuguese territory and sold in Swaraj.
• They paid heavy duty on the salt.
• That affected the local trade in Konkan areas. Hence Shivaji Maharaj protected the salt Industry in Konkan.

Question 3.
Forts were of great importance.
Answer:

• Possession of a fort made it possible to keep an eye on the surrounding area.
• In case of a foreign invasion, it was possible to protect the people by taking shelter in the fort.
• It was possible to stock the fort with food grains, war materials, ammunition and military garrison.
• Hence forts were of great importance.

Write about the following in your own words:

Question 1.
Bahirji Naik
Answer:

• Bahirji Naik was the head of the intelligence department.
• He was extremely skilled in his job.
• He collected accurate and detailed information about the subject.

Question 2.
Ashtapradhan Mandal of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:

Lets Learn:

Obtain information about the Armed Forces of India

Question 1.
State the names of the three Armed forces.
Answer:

• The Indian Army
• The Indian Navy
• The Indian Air force

Question 2.
What is the designation of the head of each forces?
Answer:

• The Indian Army – General
• The Indian Navy – Admiral
• The Indian Air force – Air Chief Marshal

Question 3.
Who is the head of all the three forces?
Answer:
The President of India is the head of all the three forces.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Find it from the chapter:

Std 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Question 1.
Grave dangers in the life of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:

• The meeting with Afzalkhan.
• The siege of Panhala.
• The attack on Shaistakhan.
• The escape from Agra.

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Question 2.
They risked their life at the time when the Maharaj escaped from Agra.
Answer:
(a) Hiroji Farjand
(b) Madari Meheter

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Questions And Answers Question 3.
What warning did Shivaji Maharaj issue to the Deshmukh of Rohida Valley?
Answer:
Maharaj warned the Deshmukh of the Rohida Valley not to fail in his duty to the ryot.

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Question Answer Question 4.
What inspiration can future generations draw ‘ from the life of Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
The future generation will continue to draw inspiration from the work of Shivaji Maharaj, who laid the foundation of Swaraj and turning ,
it into Surajya, as an ideal and a source of inspiration.

2. Write about it in your own words:

8. An Ideal Ruler Question 1.
the Deshmukh to avoid any loss of the ryot?
Answer:

• Maharaj warned the Deshmukh of the Rohida Valley not to fail in his duty to the Ryot.
• He told him to visit every village and shift people to a safe place down the ghats.
• He strictly told him not to delay even for a moment.

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Question 2.
How do we know that his religious policy was that of tolerance?
Answer:
(i) The Maharaj had to struggle against the Islamic rulers such the Adilshahi, the Mughals and the Siddis. But he considered the Muslims in Swaraj as his own people.

(ii) While meeting Afzalkhan, Siddi Ibrahim was a servant in his army.

(iii) Siddi Hilal was a soldier in the army.

(iv) Daulatkhan was an important officer in his navy.

(v) During the campaign, the soldiers were instructed not to harm a mosque. If they came in possession of a copy of the Holy Quran, they should hand over the same with due respect to a Muslim.

An Ideal Ruler Question Answer Question 3.
Explain Shivaji Maharaj’s policy regarding the army.
Answer:

• There was strict discipline in the army.
• The soldiers were paid salaries regularly.
• They were paid cash and not jagirs.
• There was a strict order to the army that the valuable collected from the enemy territories were to be deposited with the government.
• Soldiers were honoured for their bravery.
• Maintenance of the families of soldiers who died in battles were looked after.
• He took care of the wounded soldiers and the enemy soldiers who had surrendered.

3. Give one word for:

8.An Ideal Ruler Question 1.
An important officer in the navy of Swaraj.
Answer:
Daulatkhan

An Ideal Ruler Question 2.
A Tamil poet who composed a poem on Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Subramanyam Bharati

An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Chapter 8 Question 3.
Created an independent kingdom in Bundelkhand.
Answer:
Chhatrasal

8 An Ideal Ruler Std 7 Question 4.
He composed Powadas on the greatness of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Mahatma Jyotirao Phule

Activities:

1. Tell how you help your friend in his need.
2. List the places named after famous personalities.

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler InText Questions and Answers

Can you tell?

Question 1.
How is the waste in your area managed?
Answer:
(i) Recycling: The waste materials such as old newspaper pieces of glass, bottles, empty tins are sold and later are used by recycling it.

(ii) Many NGOs are working for waste management. They are helping the rag pickers to collect the recycling waste from the door steps, rather than collecting from the soil in the bad and dirty condition.
Creating Awareness for waste management.

• Use cloth bags instead of plastic.
• Bye food that has less packaging.
• Reduce paper usage.
• Separating the dry and the wet waste in separate bins.

Question 2.
State the name of the machinery that looks after waste management.
Answer:
BMC: Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation.

Think about it:

Question 1.
Why is it necessary to grow trees?
Answer:

• Trees are very important on this planet.
• They give us oxygen, store carbon.
• They stabilise the soil and gives life.
• They absorb carbon dioxide and harmful gases such as sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide from air.
• They provide habitat and food for birds and other animals.
• They provide us the materials for tools and shelter

Class 7 History Chapter 8 An Ideal Ruler Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate word from the options given below:

Question 1.
______ was an important officer in the navy of the Swaraj. (Daulatkhan, Siddi Hilal, Tanaji Malusare)
Answer:
Daulatkhan

Question 2.
The Maharaj inspired _______ to create an independent kingdom in Bundelkhand. (Chhatrasal, Jim Mahal, Daulatkhan)
Answer:
Chhatrasal

Question 3.
_______ was a Sardar in the army of the Maharaj. (Siddi Ibrahim, Siddi Hilal, Daulatkhan)
Answer:
Siddi Hilal

Question 4.
______ has written a book about the greatness of Maharaj. (Pandit fawaharlal Nehru, Kahfikhan, Lala Lajpatrai)
Answer:
Lala Lajpatrai

Question 5.
__________ sacrificed his life while conquering Sinhagad. (Hiroji Farjand, Jiva Mahal, Tanaji Malusare)
Answer:
Tanaji Malusare

Question 6.
________ crossed the sledge of Panhalagad in disguise of Shivaji Maharaj. (kind, cash, gold)
Answer:
Shiva Kashid

Question 7.
Maharaj made arrangements to pay the salaries of soldiers in _______ (Shiva Kashid, Tanaji Malusare, Kanhoji)
Answer:
cash

Question 8.
_______ described in his powadas the greatness of Shivaji Maharaj. (Lokmanya Tilak, Mahatma jyotirao Phule, Lola Lajpatrai)
Answer:
Mahatma Jyotirao Phule

Give one word for:

Question 1.
Built sea forts and created a navy.
Answer:
Sindhudurg

Question 2.
Written long poem on Maharaj.
Answer:
Vishwakavi Rabindranath Tagore.

Answer in one or two sentences each:

Question 1.
Which powers ruled over Maharashtra before the foundation of Swaraj?
Answer:
Adilshahi, the Portuguese and Mughal powers ruled over Maharashtra.

Question 2.
Which four major dangers did Shivaji Maharaj face?
Answer:
(a) Meeting with Afzalkhan
(b) Siege of Panhala
(c) Attack on Shaistakhan
(d) Escape from Agra

Question 3.
What had Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said about Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
“The Maharaj did not belong to Maharashtra alone, he belonged to the whole Indian nation”, was said by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 4.
What shows that Shivaji Maharaj was a great environmentalist?
Answer:
(a) The garbage in his fort was burnt in an allotted space.
(b) Even vegetables had to be grown on its ash. These lines show that Shivaji Maharaj was a great environmentalist.

Question 5.
Mention few qualities of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj had innumerable qualities like leadership, management, foresight, political diplomacy, military administration, loyalty towards truth and justice, etc.

Question 6.
Which actions of Shivaji Maharaj prove that he was a pioneer of a new era?
Answer:
Maharaj established Swaraj while fighting against many enemies. This action itself proves that he was a pioneer of a new era.

Question 7.
What did Shivaji Maharaj aim to establish?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj aimed at establishing and maintaining an independent and sovereign existence, that did not accept the dominance of any power.

Question 8.
What was deeply installed in Shivaji Maharaj’s mind?
Answer:
The teachings of his parents towards the establishmnet of Swaraj and ethics were deeply instilled in his mind.

Question 9.
How did Tagore see Shivaji Maharaj’s efforts of founding Swaraj?
Answer:
Tagore saw his efforts on founding Swaraj as efforts for realizing a noble cause.

Find it from the chapter:

Question 1.
What advice did Shivaji Maharaj give theageing Kanhoji when he fell ill?
Answer:
When the ageing Kanhoji fell ill, Maharaj told him not to neglect his medicines or treatment on any account.

Write about the following in your own words:

Question 1.
What inspiration can you draw from Shivaji Maharaj’s life?
Answer:
(i) Future generation will continue to look upon the work of Shivaji Maharaj of founding the Swaraj and turning it into Surajya as an ideal and a source of inspiration.

(ii) Shivaji Maharaj was a great National Hero.

(iii) All Indian languages have works that talk about him as an ideal ruler and a source of inspiration.

Question 2.
Organisational skills of the Maharaj.
Answer:
The organisational skills of the Maharaj were unparallel and for this he had his royal associates.

• Jiva Mahala killed Sayyid Banda during the meeting with Afzalkhan.
• Bajiprabhu Deshpande blocked the advances of the enemy on the way to Vishalgad.
• Murarbaji Deshpande defended the fort of Purandar.
• Tanaji Malusare sacrificed his life while conquering Sinhagad.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 1 Sources of History

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources of History Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the names of the following sources of history:

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources Of History Questions And Answers Question 1.
l _ _ _ _ d
Answer:
legend

Sources Of History Class 7 Question 2.
t _ _ _ _ h
Answer:
tarikh

Class 9 History Chapter 1 Sources Of History Questions And Answers Question 3.
b _ _ _ _ r
Answer:
bakhar

Sources Of History Class 7 Question Answer Question 4.
p _ _ _ _a
Answer:
Powada

Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Question 5.
i _ _ _ _ i _ _ i _ n
Answer:
inscription

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Questions And Answers Question 6.
m _ _ u _ _ _ t
Answer:
monument

2. Let’s write:

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions  Question 1.
What do monuments include?
Answer:
Monuments include samadhis, graves and veergalas and buildings.

Class 8 History Chapter 1 Sources Of History Questions And Answers Question 2.
What is a Tarikh?
Answer:
Tarikh or Tavarikh means the sequence of events.

Sources Of History Question And Answer  Question 3.
What qualities of the author are important in the writing of history?
Answer:
The author’s integrity, impartiality and neutrality are very important in writing history.

3. Find the odd man out:

Bakhar Is A Source Of History  Question 1.
Material sources, written sources, unwritten sources, oral sources.
Answer:
unwritten sources

Chapter 1 Class 7 History Question 2.
Monuments, coins, cave sculptures, stories.
Answer:
stories

Class 7 History Chapter Question 3.
Bhurjapatra, temples, treatises, paintings.
Answer:
temples

Question 4.
Owis, tarikhs, folk tales, myths.
Answer:
tarikhs

4. Explain the following concepts:

Question 1.
Material sources
Answer:
Those authentic material evidences or proofs of the ancient period which support our study of historical events are called material sources of history, e.g. memorials, buildings, cave sculptures, inscription, coins, copper, plates, forts, etc.

Question 2.
Written sources
Answer:
Those authentic evidences or proof of the ancient period which are in written form are called written sources of history, e.g. Documents of proceedings in Courts of kings, genealogies, Shakavali, correspondence, dispatches, treatises, biographies, travelogues, chronicles, Tavarikh, etc.

Question 3.
Oral sources
Answer:
We understand various aspects of folk life through folk literature traditionally passed from generation to generation and they are known as oral sources of history, e.g. Myths, Folk songs, Gatha, Shlokas, Abhangas, Powadas Proverbs, Legends, etc.

5. Is it necessary to evaluate sources of history ? Give your opinion.
Answer:
(i) Yes, it is necessary to evaluate the sources of history.
(ii) Just because a source is old does not mean it is reliable or true. We should examine their authenticity and see which sources are genuine and which are fake.
(iii) We must evaluate its quality with the help of different methods and through critical analysis.
(iv) It is necessary to determine the integrity, impartiality and neutrality of the authors by knowing their personal interests, the period during which they lived and political pressures on them.

6. Write why in your words:

Question 1.
A stone inscription is considered to be an authentic source of history.
Answer:
A stone inscription, i.e. a carving on the stone is a very authentic source of history as it throws light on different features of the ancient time like the language of communication which existed, script used and the social, political and economic life of a period, etc.

Question 2.
Oral sources reveal various aspects of people’s lives.
Answer:
(i) Various aspects of folk life through folk literature passed on to us by our ancestors.
(ii) They are pearls of wisdom and they hold a wealth of knowledge about the past.
(iii) It throws light on the rich cultural life of the past and different art forms which were practised in those times.

Activity:

Visit any museum that is nearby. Gather information about the sources of history from the period that you are studying and record it in your activity book.

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources of History InText Questions and Answers

Formative Evaluation

Can you tell?

Question 1.
How do coins narrate history?
Answer:
(i) The coins made by different rulers using metals like gold, silver, copper are important sources of history.
(ii) From these coins we learn about the rulers, the period they ruled in, governance, religious ideas, personal details and use of language in that period.
(iii) Similarly, we also learn about the financial transactions and economic conditions, the advancement in metallurgy prevailing at that time.
(iv) From the images of Ram-Sita on the coins of Emperor Akbar or Shiva Parvati on the coins of Hyder Ali we see religious co-ordination of those days.

Speak your thoughts:

Question 1.
Suggest measures for preserving sources of history.
Answer:
(i) Written documents can be digitized and at the same time the original source should be preserved.
(ii) Controlling moisture by storing artefacts in an encasement which is oxygen free can help in their preservation.
(iii) Museums and other institutions must put in place steps and measures to preserve material sources of history in a scientific manner.
(iv) Handling, storage and display of artefacts must be done with care.
(v) Artefacts and other sources must be kept locked and continuous monitoring must be ensured to avoid any loss.
If any artefacts show signs of deterioration, conservationist must be called in for restoration of the same.

Class 7 History Chapter 1 Sources of History Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate words from the options given below:

Question 1.
The period from the ninth century CE till the end of the eighteenth century is considered to be the _____ period of Indian history. (Ancient, Medieval, Modern)
Answer:
Medieval

Question 2.
History gives us a chronological, scientific and systematic account of ______ events. (past, present, future)
Answer:
past

Question 3.
Historical sources should be used judiciously and only after a ______. (thorough reading, indepth study, critical analysis)
Answer:
critical analysis

Question 4.
Veergala is a ________. (fort, monument, palace)
Answer:
monument

Question 5.
The Peshwas used the _______ language on their coins. (Arabic or Persian, Hindi or Sanskrit, Pali)
Answer:
Arabic or Persian

Question 6.
Travellers of other countries who came to India have written ______ or accounts of their travels, (biography, autobiography, travelogues)
Answer:
travelogues

Question 7.
Tavarikh or Tarikh means the ______. (information about past, sequence of events, dates)
Answer:
sequence of events

Question 8.
The author’s ______ is very important in writing history. (viexvpoint, perspective, impartiality and neu trality)
Answer:
impartiality and neutrality

Question 9.
An, _____ is a carving on a stone, or a wall. (metal plate, inscription, edict)
Answer:
inscription

Question 10.
______ is a type of chronicle that originated in Maharashtra. (Bakhar, Myths, Travelogues)
Answer:
Bakhar

Find the odd man out:

Question 1.
Genealogies, Travelogue, Chronicles, Inscription.
Answer:
Inscription

Question 2.
Churches, Temples, Mosques, Myths
Answer:
Myths

Name the following:

Question 1.
The subject which gives us a chronological, scientific and systematic account of past events.
Answer:
History.

Question 2.
Any two metals used by different rulers in the past to make coins.
Answer:
Gold, Silver

Question 3.
One place in Tanjavur where inscriptions are found.
Answer:
Brihadishwara temple premises.

Question 4.
Two things inscribed on copper plates.
Answer:
(a) Royal edicts
(b) Verdicts

Question 5.
Any two scripts used in the Medieval period.
Answer:
(a) Devanagari
(b) Arabic

Question 6.
Written accounts of the travels by the travellers from other countries.
Answer:
Travelogues.

Question 7.
Any two travellers who visited India in the Medieval period.
Answer:
(a) A1 Biruni
(b) Ibn Batuta

Question 8.
Sanskrit biography of Shivaji Maharaj was composed by this poet.
Answer:
Paramanand.

Question 9.
A source of history which means the sequence of events.
Answer:
Tavarikh or Tarikh.

Question 10.
Two people who compiled Tavarikh.
Answer:
(a) A1 Biruni
(b) Ziauddin Barani.

Question 11.
A type of chronicle that originated in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Bakhar.

Question 12.
Any two chronicles written in Marathi.
Answer:
(a) Mahikavatichi Bakhar
(b) Sabhasad Bakhar

Question 13.
Any two contemporary western historians.
Answer:
(a) Robert Arm
(b) Grant Duff

Question 14.
Any two oral sources of history.
Answer:
(a) Owis
(b) Folk songs

Answer in one sentence:

Question 1.
What information does history give us?
Answer:
History gives us a chronological and systematic account of past events.

Question 2.
What must history be based on?
Answer:
History must be based on authentic evidence or proofs which are known as sources of history.

Question 3.
What are the different sources of history?
Answer:
Material sources, written sources and oral sources are the three different sources of history.

Question 4.
How should we use different sources of history?
Answer:
We have to use the different sources of history judiciously and only after critical analysis.

Question 5.
What do we learn when we look at forts and monuments built in the past?
Answer:
When we look at the forts and monuments we come to know about the development of architecture, the economic conditions, the quality of art, style of the building construction and people’s standard of living in that particular period.

Question 6.
Why is an inscription considered to be a very important and reliable source of history?
Answer:
An inscription is considered to be a very important and reliable source of history because it helps us to understand features like the language, script, social life of a period etc.

Question 7.
What are known as copper plates?
Answer:
Inscriptions carved on sheets of copper are known as ‘copper plates’.

Question 8.
How do we understand various aspects of folk life?
Answer:
We understand various aspects of folk life through folk literature traditionally passed from generation to generation.

Explain the following terms:

Question 1.
History
Answer:
History is a chronological, scientific and systematic account of past events.

Question 2.
An inscription
Answer:
An inscription is a carving on a stone or a wall.

Question 3.
Tavarikh or Tarikh
Answer:
Tavarikh or Tarikh means the sequence of events.

Question 4.
Bakhar
Answer:
Bakhar is a type of chronicle that originated in Maharashtra.

Question 5.
Chronicles
Answer:
Chronicles are written sources of history which help in understanding aspects like the contemporary political happenings, linguistic transaction, cultural life, social conditions, etc.

Classify the following into Material sources, Written sources and Oral sources of history:

Question 1.
Ornaments, Fort, Owis, Myths, Utensils, Folk songs, Weapons, Travelogue, Well, Biographies, Clothing, Powada, Copper plate, Folk tales, Coins, Shloka, Temples, Books
Answer:

Complete the following diagrams:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 6 Conflict with the Mughals Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 6 Conflict with the Mughals

Class 7 History Chapter 6 Conflict with the Mughals Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Arrange in chornological order:

Conflict With The Mughals Std 7 Answers Question 1.
(i) Southern campaign of Shivaji Maharaj
(ii) Raid on Lai Mahal
(iii) Escape from Agra
(iv) Coronation
(v) Treaty of Purandar
(vi) Shaistakhan’s invasion
Answer:
(i) Shaistakhan’s invasion
(ii) Raid on Lai Mahal
(iii) Treaty of Purandar
(iv) Escape from Agra
(v) Coronation
(vi) Southern campaign of Shivaji Maharaj

2. Find the names from the chapter:

Conflict With The Mughals Std 7 Question Answer Question 1.
A dictionary containing Sanskrit alternatives.
Answer: Rajya – vyavahara – kosha

Conflict With The Mughals Std 7 Question 2.
He won Trimbakgad.
Answer:
Moropant Pingale

Class 7 History Chapter Question 3.
This Sardar was defeated at Vani-Dindori.
Answer:
Sardar Daudkhan

Conflict With The Mughals Questions And Answers Question 4.
A place where the British, Dutch and French had their factories.
Answer:
Surat

3. Write about these in your own words:

Conflict With Mughals Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj’s preparation for the > coronation.
Answer:
(i) The famous learned Pandit Gagabhatt was invited to conduct the coronation of Shivaji Maharaj.

(ii) Invitations were sent to learned Brahmans of all parts of India.

(iii) Shivaji visited the famous temples in Maharashtra and distributed clothes and other things among the Brahmans.

(iv) A gold plated steel/stool was prepared with precious ornaments was brought for Shivaji Maharaj.

(v) Holy water from seven sacred rivers Yamuna, Indus, Ganga, Godavari, Kaveri and Krishna was brought and kept in a gold vessel.

(vi) A special royal umbrella of cloth with gold fringes and pearls was prepared.

(vii) Special scarlet robes for Shivaji Maharaj was prepared.

Question 2.
The Coronation of Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
(i) Shivaji Maharaj felt that it was necessary to entitle himself as a king.

(ii) A formal coronation ceremony was organized.

(iii) Many learned Brahmans from all parts of India came. Even Ambassadors from all over India came to witness the ceremony.

(iv) On 6th June, 1674, Shivaji got up early in the morning, worshipped the gods and took blessing from the priests.

(v) He was dressed up in a special scarlet robe and precious ornaments

(vi) The Brahmans chanted Mantras and blessed Shivaji.

(vii) Gagabhatt held the royal umbrella over the Maharaj’s head, and poured the holy water from seven rivers.

(viii) Special coins were minted-a gold coin called Hon and a copper coin called Shivrai.

(ix) A dictionary showing Sanskrit meaning for Persian words was prepared. It is called Rajya- vyavahara-kosha.

Question 3.
Escape from Agra.
Answer:
(i) Shivaji Maharaj pretended to be ill.

(ii) He complained of severe pain in the stomach. Doctors were called. They started treating the patient, Shivaji.

(iii) He started sending out huge baskets of sweets to Sadhus and Maulavis for his quick recovery. In the beginning, the guard outside would examine the baskets.

(iv) In the course of time, they got tired of this daily routine and stopped it.

(v) One evening, Shivaji made Hiroji sleep in his bed and asked Madari to manage his feat.

(vi) Then Shivaji Maharaj and Sambhaji Raje hid themselves in two of the many baskets that were going out.

(vii) The baskets were supposed to contain sweets and allowed to pass unchecked.

(viii) At a place previously fixed, Shivaji Maharaj and Sambhaji Raje got out of the baskets and adroitly escaped from Agra and reached Maharashtra safely after a few days.

Question 4.
Shivaji Maharaj’s Campaign of the South.
Answer:
(i) After the coronation ceremony, Shivaji went to the South at Golconda.
(ii) He made friendship with Qutubshah.
(iii) He captured the forts like Bangalore, Hoskote, Jinji, Vellore, etc. and some territories of Adilshah.
(iv) He appointed Raghunath Narayan Hanamante the chief officer to look after these territories.

4. Give reasons:

Question 1.
Shivaji Maharaj entered into the ‘Treaty of Purandar’.
Answer:
(i) Aurangzeb sent a powerful Sardar, Jaisingh to defeat Shivaji Maharaj.
(ii) He started a naval campaign against Maharaj.
(iii) Jaisingh and Dilerkhan siege the fort of Purandar.
(iv) The Mughals siege the Fort of Purandar.
(v) Murarbaji Deshpande fought with courage but died a hero’s death.

Question 2.
Shivaji Maharaj took an aggressive stand against the Mughals.
Answer:
(i) The Treaty of Purandar meant a great loss of wealth and humiliation for the Marathas.
(ii) Shivaji Maharaj wanted to recapture the forts and territories given to the Mughals as per the Purandar treaty.
(iii) In order to earn the reputation, Shivaji Maharaj took an aggressive stand against the Mughals.

Activities:

How do you prepare for the special programmes on Independence Day/ Republic Day ? Make a list with help of your teacher.
Visit a historical place in your neighbourhood and write a report on your visit.

Class 7 History Chapter 6 Conflict with the Mughals InText Questions and Answers

Do you remember?

Question 1.
Which Indian king started a new calendar?
Answer:
King Vikramaditya started the Vikrama Sam vat Era after defeating the Shakas in 57-58 BC and Shivaji Maharaj also started Rajyabhisheka Shaka (the coronation era in 1674).

Gather information:

Question 1.
Find out how Shivaji Maharaj escaped from his house arrest at Agra.
Answer:
(i) In 1666, Aurangzeb invited Shivaji to Agra, along with his nine-year-old son Sambhaji and a few of his trusted people.

(ii) Aurangzeb’s plan was to send Shivaji to Kandahar, now in Afghanistan, to consolidate the Mughal empire’s north-western frontier.

(iii) However, in the court, on 12th May 1666, Aurangzeb made Shivaji stand behind military commanders of his court.

(iv) Shivaji took offence and stormed out of court, and was promptly placed under house arrest under the watch of Faulad Khan, Kotwal of Agra.

(v) Shivaji pretended severe illness and requested to send most of his group back to the Deccan and conveyed his wish to distribute some sweets to the poor as offerings for getting well.

(vi) Thereafter, on his request, he was allowed to send daily shipments of sweets and gifts to saints, fakirs, and temples in Agra as offerings for his health.

(vii) The Kotwal was requested that the boxes of sweets should be touched by Maharaj himself as a custom and hence all the boxes were strictly checked.

(viii) According to the Mughal documents, after several days and weeks of sending out boxes containing sweets, Shivaji, disguised as labourer carrying sweet basket escaped on 17 August 1666.

(ix) Sambhaji, being a child had no restrictions and was sent out of the prison camp before Shivaji escaped.

(x) After escaping Shivaji and his son fled to the Deccan disguised as sadhus.

Class 7 History Chapter 6 Conflict with the Mughals Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate words from the options given below:

Question 1.
The Killedar of the fort of Chakan was ____ (Vyankoji, Firangoji Narsala, Murarbaji Deshpande)
Answer:
Firangoji Narsala

Question 2.
Shaistakhan set up his camp at Lalmahal in ________ (Pune, Satara, Agra)
Answer:
Pune

Question 3.
The treaty of ______ was signed between Jaisingh and Shivaji. (Pune, Bengal, Purandar)
Answer:
Purandar

Question 4.
Shivaji helped Jaisingh against _______ (Adilshah, Aurangzeb, Qutubshah)
Answer:
Adilshah

Question 5.
The Mughals captured the fort of _________ (Jinji, Chakan, Raigad)
Answer:
Chakan

Question 6.
In the raid, ________ lost his fingers (Shaistakhan, Jaisingh, Afzalkhan)
Answer:
Shaistakhan

Question 7.
_______ was the Subhedar of Surat. (Dilerkhan, Inayat Khan, Shaistakhan)
Answer:
Inayat Khan

Question 8.
______died a heroic death, while defending the Purandar fort. (Firangoji Narsala, Raghunath Narayan, Murarbaji Deshpande)
Answer:
Murarbaji

Question 9.
Shivaji Maharaj passed away at Fort ______ on 3rd April, 1680. (Purandar, Chakan, Raigad)
Answer:
Raigad

Question 10.
______, a learned Pandit crowned Shivaji Maharaj on his first coronation. (Pandit Gagabhatt, Nischalpuri Gosavi, Firangoji Narsala)
Answer:
Gagabhatt

Question 11.
Shivaji Maharaj had his second coronation performed under the guidance of ______. (Krishnaji Anant Sabhasad, Nischalpuri Gosavi, Pandit Gagabhatt)
Answer:
Nischalpuri Gosavi

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Answer:
1 – d
2 – c
3 – b
4 – a

Question 2.

Answer:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – d
4 – a

Arrange in chronological order:

Question 1.
(i) Shivaji Maharaj’s campaign to the South
(ii) The treaty of Purandar
(iii) Shivaji Maharaj’s death in Raigad
(iv) Shivaji Maharaj’s coronation
Answer:
(i) The treaty of Purandar
(ii) Shivaji Maharaj’s coronation
(iii) Shivaji Maharaj’s campaign to the South
(iv) Shivaji Maharaj’s death in Raigad

Find the names from the chapter:

Question 1.
A learned Pandit who crowned Shivaji Maharaj at Raigad.
Answer:
Gagabhatt

Question 2.
This treaty was signed between Jaisingh and Shivaji Maharaj.
Answer:
The Treaty of Purandar

Question 3.
It was a rich city. Shivaji Maharaj raided it and obtained plenty of wealth.
Answer:
Surat

Question 4.
He took shelter in the southern part of Jinji.
Answer:
Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj.

Question 5.
It is a world famous library.
Answer:
The Saraswati Mahal

Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Whom did Aurangzeb send to curb Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
Aurangzeb sent Jaisingh, an experienced and powerful Rajput Sardar against Shivaji Maharaj.

Question 2.
What were the terms of the ‘Treaty of Purandar’?
Answer:
According to the terms of the treaty, Shivaji Maharaj gave twenty-three of his forts along with adjoining territories yielding an annual revenue of four lakh hons. He also assured the Mughals, of help against Adilshah.

Question 3.
How did Aurangzeb treat Shivaji Maharaj at his Darbar in Agra?
Answer:
Aurangzeb did not treat Shivaji Maharaj with due honour at his court and gave vent to his anger.

Question 4.
When and where was Shivaji Maharaj coronated? Who crowned him?
Answer:
On 6th June, 1674, Gagabhatt a learned Pandit crowned Shivaji Maharaj at Raigad.

Question 5.
What was inscribed on the special coins minted on the occasion of the coronation?
Answer:
Shri Raja Shiva Chhatrapati was inscribed on . the special coins minted on the occasion of the coronation.

Question 6.
Which dictionary was prepared on the special occasion of coronation?
Answer:
A dictionary showing Sanskrit alternatives for Persian words was prepared. It is called ‘Rajya- vyavahara-kosha’.

Question 7.
What did Sabhasad, a chronicler, write about Shivaji Maharaj?
Answer:
Sabhasad wrote “It was no mean achievement for a Maratha King to become such a great Chhatrapati”.

Question 8.
What was the objective of Jaisingh’s invasion?
Answer:
The objective of Jaisingh’s invasion was to curb the increasing activities of Shivaji Maharaj and then to turn to Adilshahi.

Question 9.
Under whose guidance was the second coronation performed?
Answer:
Shivaji Maharaj’s second coronation was performed under the guidance of Nischalpuri Gosavi.

Question 10.
What was encouraged by rulers of Tanjavur?
Answer:
Rulers of Tanjavur encouraged art and learning.
The Saraswati Mahal Library in Tanjavur is world famous.

Give reasons:

Question 1.
Shaistakhan suffered great humiliation.
Answer:
(i) Shaistakhan invaded Pune and set up his camp at Lai Mahal in Pune, where Shivaji Maharaj lived in his childhood.
(ii) His forces looted the people.
(iii) Shivaji Maharaj decided to raid Lai Mahal.
(iv) On the night of 5th April, 1663, along with his band of soldiers, Shivaji Maharaj raided Lai Mahal.
(v) In this raid, Shaistakhan lost his fingers hence suffered great humiliation.

Question 2.
Shivaji Maharaj decided to attack/raid Surat.
Answer:
(i) Shivaji Maharaj wanted to teach the Mughals a lesson as Shaistakhan had ravaged large territories of the Swaraj.
(ii) Surat was a big trade centre and a port under Mughal control.
(iii) The British, Dutch and French laid their factories in Surat.
(iv) Maximum revenue was being generated by this city for the emperor.
(v) It was a rich city.
(vi) Maharaj marched to Surat.
(vii) The Subhedar of Surat could not put up any resistance.
(viii) Maharaj obtained plenty of wealth from Surat without bothering the common people.
(ix) This campaign was a stunning blow to Emperor Aurangzeb’s prestige.
(x) This campaign of Surat was completely successful.

Question 3.
Shivaji Maharaj raided Lai MahaL
Answer:
(i) Shaistakhan had set up his camp at Lai Mahal ,in Pune where Shivaji Maharaj had lived in his childhood.
(ii) Shaistakhan’s army looted the people in the Pune region for two years.
(iii) This had an adverse effect on the morale of people.
(iv) Therefore Shivaji Maharaj raided Lai Mahal.

Complete the following:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer: