Category: Class 7

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.6 Chasing the Sea Monster Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.6 Chasing the Sea Monster

Class 7 English Chapter 2.6 Chasing the Sea Monster Textbook Questions and Answers

1. From the passage, find all the words and phrases used to describe the ‘monster’.

Question 1.
From the passage, find all the words and phrases used to describe the ‘monster’.
Answer:
Unearthly animal, fearsome creature, unknown creature, huge glowworm, infernal beast, motionless animal.

2. Form groups of 4. Find all the references to time given In the passage. Then make a chart to show the events described in the passage along with the time when they occur.
Example:

• All night long: The crew stayed on their feet
• Near midnight: …………………………………….
• At 12.53: …………………………………………….
• ………….. : …………………………………………….
• ………….. : …………………………………………….
• ………….. : …………………………………………….
  (lise as many lines as you need.)

Question 1.
Form groups of 4. Find all the references to time given in the passage. Then make a chart to show the events described in the passage along with the time when they occur. Example:
Answer:

• All night long: The crew stayed on their feet.
• Near midnight: The sea animal disappeared.
• At 12.53: A deafening hiss was heard.
• Near 2.00 am: The core of a light appeared.
• At 6.00 am: The animals electric glow disappeared.
• At 7.00 am: A dense morning mist spread.
• At 8.00 am: The mist disappeared, the sea animal was seen.
• A few moments later: The frigate headed for the animal.
• Three-quarters of an hour later: They were not getting closer to the animal.
• Next one hour: The frigate gathered speed and so did the sea animal.
• At 10.50 pm: The electric light reappeared.

3. How long does the whole event described in this passage take? Work it out by reading the passage.

Question 1.
How long does the whole event described in this passage take? Work it out by reading the passage.

4. Observe the picture and the labels carefully. Then match the words and the meanings given in the foliwing table.

Question 1.
Observe the picture and the labels carefully. Then match the words and the meanings given in the foliwing table.

Answer:

Words	Column ‘B’
1. Yard	(e) A pole slung across a ship’s mast. A sail hangs from a yard
2. Mast	(d) Tall, upright pole on a ship
3. Bow	(b) The forward part of the main body of a ship
4. Deck	(a) A floor, flat area built on a Ship
5. Forecastle	(g) The part which is always at the front while the ship is sailing
6. Starboard	(h) The right-hand side of a ship as one faces forward
7. Stern	(f) The rearmost (back) part of a ship
8. Afterdeck	(i) An open deck near the back
9. Fore	(c) The forward part of a deck

5. Form groups of 4-5. Read the following sentences aloud. Using your imagination and with the help of group discussion, write other situations in which the sentences can be used.

• The outcome: disappointment and anger.
• The hour of battle had sounded
• What a chase!
• This was our chance, ……..

Question 1.
Form groups of 4-5. Read the following sentences aloud. Using your imagination and with the help of group discussion, write other situations in which the sentences can be used.
Answer:

• The outcome: disappointment and anger
• The hour of battle had sounded
• What a chase!
• This was our chance
• The outcome: happiness and relief
• The outcome: fun and joy
• The outcome: misery and poverty
• The hour of decision had arrived
• The sound of victory was heard
• What a book!
• What a personality!
• What a movie!
• This was our victory …
• This was our last straw …
• This was our fight…

6. Find the different units of measurement mentioned in the passage and get more information about them from the internet.

Question 1.
Find the different units of measurement mentioned in the passage and get more information about them from the internet.

7. Language Study: Transitive and intransitive verbs : We can classify verbs into two types – transitive and intransitive. Some verbs need on object/objects. When a verb has an object, it is a transitive verb. For example, ‘The boy kicked the football’. Here the verb ‘kick’ has ‘the football’ as its object. ‘Give’, ‘cook’, ‘buy’ are transitive verb.
Some verbs do not need any objects. When a verb does not have an object, it is an intransitive verb. For example, ‘We laughed loudly’. The verb ‘laugh’ in this sentence does not have an object. ‘Laugh’, ‘walk’, ‘dy’ are intransitive verbs.
Some verbs can be transitive or intransitive. For example,
‘Birds fly’. (intransitive) ‘Children fly kites’. (transitive)

Class 7 English Chapter 2.6 Chasing the Sea Monster Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Guess what order the commander must have given.
Answer:
The order given by the commander must have been to advance slowly towards the monster and to be ready to attack.

Question 2.
Why did the Abraham Lincoln slow down? Answer: The Abraham Lincoln slowed down because
it was
unable to compete with the monster’s speed.

Question 3.
What is the monster compared to when it disappeared?
Answer:
The monster is compared to a huge glow-worm when it disappeared.

Question 4.
What did the deafening hiss resemble?
Answer:
The deafening hiss resembled the sound made by a water spout expelled with tremendous intensity.

Question 5.
Who would get $ 500?
Answer:
The man who would pierce the infernal beast would get $ 500.

Question 6.
Describe the gunner who accepted the challenge.
Answer:
The gunner who accepted the challenge was a calm, cool, old and gray bearded man.

Question 7.
What was Ned Land doing?
Answer:
Ned Land was brandishing his dreadful weapon.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Simple Factual Questions:

Fill in the blanks.

Question i.
Let’s wait for daylight and then we’ll play a …………… role.
Answer:
different

Question ii.
Unable to compete with the monster’s speed, our frigate, the ………………. slowed down.
Answer:
Abraham Lincoln

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
What is the name of the narrator?
Answer:
The name of the narrator is Professor Aronnax.

Question 2.
What is the name of the ship?
Answer:
The name of the ship is ‘Abraham Lincoln’.

Question 3.
At what time is this event taking place?
Answer:
This event is taking place sometime near midnight.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give two words as phrases used to describe ‘monster’ in this passage.
Answer:
fear some creature, cetacean

Grammar:

Question 1.
The animal mimicked the frigate. (End with ’… the animal’)
Answer:
The frigate was mimicked by the animal.

Question 2.
No one thought of sleeping. (Make it affirmative)
Answer:
Everyone remained awake.

Question 3.
The animal mimicked the frigate. (Change into interrogative)
Answer:
Didn’t the animal mimic the frigate?

Question 4.
Pick out the verb and state whether it is transitive or intransitive.

1. Rama rang the bell loudly.
2. The bell rang loudly.
3. The baby sleeps on a bed.
4. The birds fly in the air.
5. Close the door.
6. He wrote a letter to his friend.

Answer:

1. rang – transitive verb
2. rang – intransitive verb
3. sleeps – intransitive verb
4. fly – intransitive verb
5. dose – transitive verb
6. wrote – transitive verb

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Write whether True or False.

Question i.
We stayed on the alert until night and were getting ready for action.
Answer:
False

Question ii.
The mist was very dense.
Answer:
True.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
What can the blunderbusses do?
Answer:
The blunderbusses can launch harpoons as far as a mile.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Ned had a dreadful weapon. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Ned had a dreadful weapon, didn’t he?

Question 2.
Pick out two abstract nouns from the extract.
Answer:
Disappointment, anger.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you like travelling on sea? Why?
Answer:
No, I do not like travelling on sea. I don’t know how to swim and I am very scared of drowning.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Fill in the blanks.

Question i.
………… stayed at his post, harpoon in hand.
Answer:
Ned Land

Question ii.
The animal is faster than the ………….. .
Answer:
Abraham Lincoln

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Explain why the author uses the words “what a chase!”.
Answer:
It was an exciting chase no doubt. The author says that the excitement shook his very being. The animal was so smart, it let the frigate get a little closer to it and then picked up speed and kept its distance. The animal was playing tricks with the frigate.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Pick out the words from the extract that mean the following.
i. person who fires the cannon
ii. moved faster
Answer:
i. cannoneer
ii. gathered speed

Question 2.
Give the meanings of the following.
i. harpooner
ii. mate
Answer:
i. person who handles the harpoon
ii. assistant

Grammar:

Question 1.
what a chase no i can’t describe the excitement that shook my very being (Punctuate)
Answer:
What a chase! No, It can’t describe the excitement that shook my very being.

Question 2.
The cannoneer fired a shot. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
The cannoneer fired a shot, didn’t he?

Language Study

Do as directed.

Question 1.
There was a mighty explosion. (Pick out the verb and state its kind)
Answer:
was – transitive verb.

Question 2.
The monster seemed motionless. (Frame a ’Wh1 question so as to get the underlined words as the answer)
Answer:
Who seemed motionless?

Question 3.
Barely twenty feet separated him from the motionless animal. (Pick out the adjectives from the sentence)
Answer:
Twenty, motionless

Question 4.
The electric light suddenly went out. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined word)
Answer:
Suddenly – adverb

Question 5.
Pick out the verb and state whether it is transitive or intransitive.
Question i.
The hunter killed the wolf.
Answer:
killed – transitive verb

Question ii.
Leena saw a monster.
Answer:
saw – transitive verb

Question iii.
Rains spoilt the picnic.
Answer:
spoilt – transitive verb

Question iv.
The baby cried loudly.
Answer:
cried – intransitive verb

Question v.
The bird flew away.
Answer:
flew – intransitive verb

Writing Skills

Question 1.
Write an essay on ‘A Sea Journey’.
Answer:
A sea journey is something I had never experienced. I used to look at the majestic sea and wonder what it would be like to travel by sea. I got the chance of a life time to travel on a ship.

The ship was filled with people from different states of India. At the beginning all was wonderful, the people, the sea, the sky, the weather. I was told that the journey would take many on board. But as time passed, the journey which I felt would be a pleasant one, wasn’t all that pleasant. There was nothing to see except water, water and more water. The movement of the ship on the water gave me a nauseating/nauseous feeling.

I was praying and hoping for the journey to end. At last after about eight long hours we touched land. I was so happy to be on firm landing once again. The journey by sea was an experience I wouldn’t want to repeat. This journey by sea was my first and last one.

Chasing the Sea Monster Summary in English

The lesson ‘Chasing the Sea Monster’ is an extract from the novel ‘20,000 Leagues under the Sea’ written by Jules Verne. The story in this extract is about spotting a mysterious sea monster by the inmates on a warship. The story revolves round the relentless chase between the warship (frigate) and the sea monster.

The warship (frigate) named Abraham Lincoln captained by Commander Farragut along with Professor Pierre Aronnax, a French marine biologist and narrator of the story, a master harpoonist Ned Land and other crew members chase the sea monster and in the end Ned Land succeeds in hitting the sea monster. The collision between the frigate and the sea monster is so hideous that Commander Farragut, Professor Pierre Aronnax and Ned Land are hurled into the sea.

Introduction:

The lesson ‘Chasing The Sea Monster7 is a science fiction written by Jules Verne, a French writer. He is known as the ‘Father of Science Fiction’. This is a passage, from his novel ‘20,000 Leagues under the Sea’. He describes how people on a ship think of the submarine as an animal and try to chase and hunt it.

Glossary:

1. frigate (n) – small, speedy ship used in war
2. unearthly (adj) – strange, not like those found on earth
3. luminous (adj) – bright, full of light
4. fearsome (adj) – scary, frightening
5. crew (n) – people working on the ship
6. cetaceans (n) – marine animals like a whale
7. lurking (v) – hiding
8. whaling gear (n) – equipment used to hunt whales
9. mate (n) – assistant
10. armour (n) – protective metal covering
11. profound (adj) – deep
12. astern to port (v) – towards the hinder part or stem; backward
13. blunderbusses (n) – a short, large bored gun firing metal balls, slugs or nails
14. duck guns (n) – large shot guns used for hunting ducks in large number
15. harpoon (n) – a barbed spear attached to a rope and thrown or fired from a gun to hunt whales or large fish
16. cannoneer (n) – an artillery man who uses cannon
17. harpooner (n) – a person who uses harpoons especially to hunt whales
18. enormous (adj) – huge
19. hideous (adj) – dreadful, horrid
20. mute (adj) – dumb; not having the power of speech
21. alert (adj) – attentive
22. informed (adj) – having information, based on information.
23. target (n) – a person, object or place selected as the aim of attack
24. weariness (n)- tiredness
25. brandishing (v) – to move or swing back and forth particularly demonstrating skill
26. collision (n)- clash

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.5 Learn Yoga from Animals Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.5 Learn Yoga from Animals

Class 7 English Chapter 2.5 Learn Yoga from Animals Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Complete the following diagrams.

Question A.
Benefits of yoga.

Answer:

Question B.
Precautions in Yoga Practice

Answer:

Question C.
What is yoga?

Answer:

2. Prepare charts for each one of the asanas described in the passage. Use the following points:

• Name (in English, in your mother tongue)
• Meaning in English
• General information
• Steps and pictures
• Benefits

3. List the names of body parts used in the passage.

Question 1.
List the names of body parts used in the passage.
Answer:
Body parts – navel, spine, shoulder, palm, face, elbow, wrist, chin, abdomen, chest, fingers, jaws, feet, legs, toes, eyes, mouth, head, back, tongue, lungs.
Now go through the passage and find out some more and add to the list.

4. List the adverbs/adverbial phrases used in the passage.

Question 1.
List the adverbs/adverbial phrases used in the passage.
Answer:

1. to feel physically vibrant
2. feel mentally sharp
3. completely at ease
4. breathe in deeply
5. slowly raise
6. come up slowly
7. come down slowly
8. inhale immediately
9. positioned directly below
10. smoothly arch the spine
11. adds flexibility
12. simultaneously arch your back

5. Language Study: Conjunctions: A conjunction is a word which joins words or clauses. Look at the following sentences.
1. Sahil and Rohan go to school together.
2. Sahil is drawing a picture and Rahul is playing football.
In sentence 1, the conjunction ‘and’ joins two words.
In sentence 2, the conjunction ‘and’ joins two clauses.
The following are some more examples of conjunction.

1. Do you like cricket or football?
2. Your parents will be happy if you study well.
3. She has not come to school because she is ill.
4. We played well, but we lost the match.
5. Tell him that we are going to the playground.
6. When you are at home, you should help your mother in her work.

Interjections: An interjection is a word that expresses a sudden feeling or emotion. Interjections can express joy, grief, surprise, pain, approval etc.
Look at the following examples.

1. Hurrah! We have won the game. (Joy)
2. Ouch! That hurt. (Pain)
3. Wow! What a nice picture! (Approval)

Question 1.
Underline the conjunctions in the following.
Answer:

1. Do you like cricket or football?
2. Your parents will be happy if you study well.
3. She has not come to school because she is ill.
4. We played well, but we lost the match.
5. Tell him that we are going to the playground.
6. When you are at home, you should help your mother in her work

Class 7 English Chapter 2.5 Learn Yoga from Animals Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Where was yoga perfected?
Answer:
Yoga was perfected in ancient India.

Question 2.
What does yoga involve?
Answer:
Yoga involves the mind, body and soul.

Question 3.
What are the benefits of yoga?
Answer:
The benefits of yoga are attaining concentration, focus and improving flexibility, balance and strength.

Question 4.
How does one feel after doing yoga?
Answer:
One feels physically vibrant and mentally sharp after doing yoga.

Question 5.
Who enjoys the Lion pose asana? Why?
Answer:
Simhasana or Lion pose is favourite with young people. Young people love this asana because it requires very little effort.

Question 6.
What pose does the Bhujangasana resemble?
Answer:
The Bhujangasana is a pose that resembles the posture of a cobra with raised head.

Question 7.
What are the benefits of Bhujangasana? .
Answer:
Bhujangasana helps us to tone the muscles of our back, strengthens our spine and also benefits the chest and shoulders.

Question 8.
When does the world celebrate International Yoga Day?
Answer:
The world celebrates International Yoga Day on June 21st every year, since the year 2015.

Question 9.
Why should Marjaryasana be a part of one’s morning yoga routine?
Answer:
Marjaryasana should be a part of one’s morning yoga routine because it gently stretches the muscles of the abdomen and the back as well as helps to get rid of any body pain.

Question 10.
How does Garudasana benefit the legs?
Answer:
Garudasana makes the leg muscles stronger and improves the flexibility of joints by loosening the joint muscles.

Question 11.
What are the advantages of practising the Ustrasana?
Answer:

1. It strengthens the back.
2. It boosts mood and energy.
3. It opens the shoulders, chest and quadriceps.
4. It helps in improving digestion.
5. It adds flexibility and strength to the body.

Question 12.
Do you exercise regularly? What form of exercise do you practice ?
Answer:
I exercise regularly as my parents have always motivated me to stay fit. I go to the local swimming pool everyday to swim in the evening. Swimming is refreshing for the mind and helps to maintain the overall fitness of one’s body.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks.
i. Yoga is a form of…….
ii. Yoga helps us to feel physically vibrant and mentally ……..
Answer:
i. biomimicry
ii. sharp

Question 3.
Match the columns.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Phvsicallv	a. area
2. Ancient Indian	b. sharp
3. Contemporary	c. discipline
4. Mentally	d. vibrant

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Phvsicallv	d. vibrant
2. Ancient Indian	c. discipline
3. Contemporary	a. area
4. Mentally	b. sharp

Answer in just one word:

Question 1.
What solves human problems with solutions already present in the natural world?
Answer:
Biomimicry.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
What is biomimicry?
Answer:
Biomimicry is the science of solving human problems with solutions already present in the natural world.

Question 2.
In what way is yoga a form of biomimicry?
Answer:
Yoga is a form of biomimicry because they comprise typical asanas and poses wherein we emulate mountains, trees, fish, cats and many more animals.

Question 3.
Which problems in our day-to-day life can be solved through biomimicry?
Answer:
Problems such as stiffness and back pain can be easily solved through biomimicry.

Question 4.
What does biomimicry mean in simple terms?
Answer:
In simple terms, ‘bio’ means ‘life’ and ‘mimicry’ means ’emulate’.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give forms of the following words.
Answer:

Noun	Verb	Adjective
Nature	Naturalise	Natural
Simplicity	Simplify	Simple
Sharpness	Sharpen	Sharp

Question 2.
Pick out a word from the extract which means ‘in the same time period’.
Answer:
Contemporary.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Experts today are doing a wonderful job. (Begin with ’A wonderful job’)
Answer:
A wonderful job is being done by the experts today.

Question 2.
This helps us to solve our problems. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
This helps us to solve our problems, doesn’t it?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you think it is necessary to exercise? Why?
Answer:
Yes. I do think it is necessary to exercise. Exercising keeps us fit and healthy. We feel active and fresh to meet the challenges of the day. It also keeps us mentally positive.

Language Study

Do as directed.

Question 1.
The best time to practise is in the morning. (Begin with ‘The morning’)
Answer:
The morning is the best time to practise.

Question 2.
Practise in a clean, airy, well-lit room. (Pick out the adjectives in the sentence)
Answer:
Clean, airy, well-lit.

Question 3.
Relax your muscles completely. (Identify the kind of sentence)
Answer:
Imperative sentence.

Question 4.
Kneel on the yoga mat and place your hands on the hips. (Pick out the nouns)
Answer:
Mat, hands, hips.

Fill in with conjunctions.

Question 1.
This is the picture ……….. I painted yesterday.
Answer:
that

Question 2.
We met the sailors ……….. ship was wrecked.
Answer:
whose

Question 3.
This is the girl ………… has a melodious voice.
Answer:
who

Question 4.
………….. you study hard, you will succeed.
Answer:
If

Question 5.
………… it rains heavily, life comes to a standstill.
Answer:
When.

Question 6.
Give examples of interjections.
Answer:

1. Oops! I broke it. (mistake)
2. Hushi/Shh! The baby is sleeping, (silence)
3. Hey! What are you doing here? (surprise)
4. Oh! You wanted tea and not coffee, (realisation)
5. Ugh! What a foul smell! (disgust)
6. Phew! We nearly missed the fall! (relief)
7. Whew! I cannot believe we have completed on time, (relief/amazement)

Fill in with interjections.

Question 1.
………… ! You stamped my foot.
Answer:
Ouch

Question 2.
………… ! If only I had listened.
Answer:
Oh

Question 3.
………… ! It looks horrible.
Answer:
Ugh

Question 4.
………… ! I spilled the milk.
Answer:
Oops

Question 5.
………… ! What a pretty dress!
Answer:
Wow

Learn Yoga from Animals Summary in English

The lesson aptly shows us how we can do yoga by imitating animals and reptiles. It tells us the benefits and ways one can remain fit and healthy.

Introduction:

Yoga is a physical, mental and spiritual practice attributed mostly to India. Yoga day is celebrated annually on 21st June since 2015. The United Nations General Assembly has declared this day, 21st June to be an international day for yoga. The Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, in his U.N. address suggested the date of 21st June as it is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.

Glossary:

1. emulate (v) – imitate
2. vibrant (adj) – full of energy and life
3. posture (n) – the position in which you hold your body while sitting or standing
4. tone (v) – here it means to make the muscles firm
5. navel (n) – belly button
6. assume (v) – here it means ‘take’
7. splayed (v) – spread apart
8. quadriceps (n) – the large muscle at the front of the thigh
9. composite (adj) – mixture of
10. integrated (adj) – composed and co-ordinated
11. contemporary (adj) – same time period
12. discipline (n) – a specific branch of knowledge or learning
13. jerk (n) – sudden uncontrolled movement
14. vertebra (n) – small bones which make up the backbone
15. palette (n) – roof of your mouth
16. exhaling (v) – to expel air
17. inhale (v) – to draw in air
18. routine (n) – a course of action
19. flexibility (n) – quality of being flexible, suppleness
20. calf (n) – the muscle in the back of the leg below the knee
21. aches (n) – continuous dull pains in a part of one’s body
22. arch (n) – a curve with the ends down and the middle up
23. drawing (v) – to direct one’s attention to something
24. explosion (n) – a sudden burst
25. biomimicry – the science of solving human problems with solutions already present in the natural world.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.2 Odd One In Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.2 Odd One In

Class 7 English Chapter 1.2 Odd One In Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read aloud the conversations in the story turn by turn.

Question 1.
Read aloud the conversations in the story turn by turn.

2. Write about Malti and Rima using the following points:

Question 1.
Write about Malti and Rima using the following points:

Use details from the story and your own imagination when you write the above descriptions.
Answer:

Points		Rima
Appearance	Simple, oily hair, long skirt	Stylish.
Studies	Studious, intelligent, scored well in studies. She was good at Maths.	She was also good in studies.
Singing	She had a melodious and well-trained voice. She wins the first prize in the Inter­house singing competition.	She was also good at singing and wins the first prize in her own category in the Inter­house singing competition.
Attitude Towards Others	Helpful and respectful. Ready to learn from others and improve.	Rude, arrogant, unkind behaviour. She didn’t like to be corrected.
Weak Points	Her English was poor.	She was weak in Hindi. She was jealous of others and thought others to be inferior to her.

3. Imagine you are Malti. Write any one event in the story from Malti’s point of view.

Question 1.
Imagine you are Malti. Write any one event in the story from Malti’s point of view.
Answer:
Yesterday, I was absent from school. I decided to ask Rima and other classmates about the lessons taught by teachers. As soon as I uttered “I wanted to aks you about English assignment”, Rima and her friends burst out laughing. At first I didn’t understand why they were laughing. Then Rima started mocking at me, repeating the word ‘aks’.

Other girls giggled and looked at me with contempt. I felt very bad but I requested Rima to teach me English as she was good in English and its pronunciation. But she told me rudely that as I belong to the countryside, I am incapable of speaking proper English. There was a lump in my throat as I could not bear this humiliation. I wanted to retort but I couldn’t find the right words. I burst into tears and decided to run away from there.

4. How do you behave with your classmates? Write about your attitude and behaviour in the appropriate column:
(Some actions: Ask others for help, Refuse help, Judge others by their appearance, Judge others by their accent)

Question 1.
How do you behave with your classmates? Write about your attitude and behaviour in the appropriate column:
(Some actions: Ask others for help, Refuse help, Judge others by their appearance, Judge others by their accent)

Answer:

Always	Sometimes	Never
I help others.	I am sometimes grumpy towards my friends.	I am never judgemental.
I share my tiffin with my friends.	I enquire about the health of a sick classmate.	I never use harsh words.
I always respect others.	I sometimes visit NGO’s to volunteer.	I never misbehave in class.

Note: Students do the exercise based on their own individual behaviour.

5. Talk about: (a) your strengths (b) your weaknesses (c) the changes that you would like lo see in yourself (3 each).

Question a.
Your strengths:
Answer:
My biggest strength is my willingness to learn and improve myself. I am very polite and humble. I am also a good listener due to which I make friends very easily.

Question b.
Your weaknesses:
Answer:
I am lazy when it comes to doing homework.
I have a phobia of speaking in front of a large group. This has developed into stage fright. I also can’t stop eating once I start. This makes me fall sick very often.

Question c.
The changes that you would like to see in yourself:
Answer:
I would like to get rid of my laziness. I want to start cultivating the habit of reading to improve my language. I would like to participate confidently in competitions. And lastly I want to control my diet for a healthy living.

6. Discuss: Is it necessary to develop a good accent? Why? What efforts can you take to improve your pronunciation? With your teacher’s help, find out how to use online dictionaries for the purpose.

Question 1.
Discuss: Is it necessary to develop a good accent? Why? What efforts can you take to improve your pronunciation? With your teacher’s help, find out how to use online dictionaries for the purpose.
Answer:
Yes, it is extremely necessary to develop a good accent because it aids in communication. A proper accent is important to understand and be understood. I can refer a dictionary that provides pronunciation key. I can also listen to news channels such as BBC that helps us to speak English the way the natives do. Besides, no matter what the language, avoiding the influence of mother tongue can help improve pronunciation.

7. list all the adverbs that end with ‘-ly’ from the passage.

Question 1.
list all the adverbs that end with ‘-ly’ from the passage.
Answer:

1. quietly
2. rudely
3. cattily
4. uncharitably
5. sadly
6. snidely
7. abundantly
8. readily
9. cheerfully
10. mercilessly
11. particularly
12. roundly
13. badly
14. stubbornly

8. Language Study:

Question 1.
Types of nouns: You know that a noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing. The names given to particular persons, places, animals etc. are proper nouns and the rest are common nouns. For example, ‘Ria’ is a proper noun, because it is the name of a particular person. But, ‘girl’ Is a common noun, as It is not the name of a particular person. ‘Ahmednagar’ Is a proper noun, because it is the name of a particular place. ‘Town’ Is a common noun, because it is not the name of a particular place.
Answer:

Write at least 5 common nouns and 5 proper nouns each. Proper nouns are always written with a capital letter at the beginning. Can you think of proper nouns that include two or more words? How are they written? Find at least ten such nouns.
Examples: Seva Hospital, The Times of India.

Class 7 English Chapter 1.2 Odd One In Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Complete the web.
Answer:
i.

ii.

Question 2.
How did Rima and her friends try to offend Malti?
Answer:
Rima and her friends tried to. offend Malti by asking her about the oil on her hair and her long skirt.

Question 3.
Guess what Malti was about to say when the teacher entered?
Answer:
When the teacher entered, Malti was about to probably justify why she wore long skirt or oiled her hair.

Question 4.
What did Rima and her gang decide to do during the Inter-house singing competition? Did they succeed? Why?
Answer:
Rima and her gang decided to jeer when Malti sang but they did not succeed as there was such absolute silence that they did’not dare to do so. They were sure to get caught if they did

Question 5.
Why did Rima feel no joy even though she came first in her category?
Answer:
(Rima had thought that Malti must be a miserable singer and would lose in the singing competition but Malti won the first prize. Rima felt no joy even though she came first in her category as she was proved wrong and may be she even felt jealous of Malti.

Question 6.
Why did Rima walk off in a huff?
Answer:
Rima’s friends told her that she was rude to Malti. This shocked Rima as her own friends had turned against her. So, she walked off in a huff.

Question 7.
What would you have done if you would have been in Malti’s place?
Answer:
If I would have been in Malti’s place, I would have done exactly what Malti did. I would have let my work and performance speak for myself. I would have also tried to befriend Rima by helping her or praising her for her strengths.

Question 8.
Write a character sketch of Rima.
Answer:
Rima was a school-going girl who had her own clique of stylish girls. She was quick to judge people by their outward appearance. She was a bit of a snob who didn’t hesitate to comment on Malti’s oily hair. She had an envious nature as she wasn’t happy about Malti winning the first prize although she herself had also won the first prize in her own category. She thought herself to be far more superior as she was city-bred and could speak good English. She was too proud to accept her mistake when her friends pointed it out to her.

Question 9.
Discuss the meaning in the context of the story.
Answer:

1. befriended (v) – became friends
2. snob (n) – criticizing people coming from lower social class or are less education
3. forte (n) – something one is good at
4. belied (v) – failed to give a true impression or to tell lie
5. smart (adj) – intelligent, clever
6. confident (adj) – feeling or showing confidence in oneself or one’s abilities or qualities or being sure about ones abilities.
7. insufferable (adj) – intolerable

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
i. “Any new girls in your class?” enquired her father …………. .
ii. “She can’t speak …………. English.
Answer:
i. Mr. Sen
ii. much

Question 2.
Say whether true or false and correct in case the statement is false.
Rima can’t speak much English.
Answer:
False. Malti can’t speak much English.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
How did Rima describe Malti to her father?
Answer:
Rima described to her father that Malti was a funny girl from a state at the other end of the country who could not speak much English. She also added that Malti came with oily hair and a bindi and spoke with a strange accent.

Question 2.
Do Rima and her parents share the same attitude?
Answer:
No, Rima and her parents do not share the same’attitude. The parents confront Rima with reality. We know that because Rima’s parents defend and praise Malti when Rima criticizes her.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Guess the meanings of the following words in the context of the story
Answer:

• settling in (v) – to arrange oneself comfortably in
• sniffed (v) – drew in air audibly to show dislike
• mimicked (v) – imitated the voice and behaviour
• grimaced (v) – made a twisted expression on face to express disgust.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Write at least 4 Proper nouns from the above passage.
Answer:

1. Rima
2. Mr. Sen
3. Malti
4. English

Question 2.
Write at least 4 Common nouns from the above passage.
Answer:

1. mother
2. day
3. girls
4. school

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Have you ever been a victim of bullying in your class? How did you tackle it?
Answer:
Yes, I have been a victim of bullying in my class due by a handful of bullies in the class. They used to call me ‘teacher’s pet’ and tease me. Initially I was annoyed. But with the help of my parents and teachers I began to help one of the weaker students who used to bully me. In the first semester his grade were raised and he became fan and strong supporter. Eventually the others also realized their mistakes and accepted me as a friend and took my help to improve.

Question 2.
How did Rima decide whether or not Malti was smart? What is your opinion?
Answer:
Rima decided Malti’s smartness by the way she dressed and spoke English. I do not think that we should judge someone’s smartness by their outward appearance. Besides, even if someone does not speak good English, it cap always be learnt and improved upon, and the person may be very good at some other language.

Question 3.
Do Rima and her parents share the same attitude? How do we know that?
Answer:
No, Rima and her parents do not share the same opinion. We know this from the conversation between Rima and her parents. The mother feels that Malti is a clever girl for she raised her hand to answer all questions in the class. When Rima said that Malti’s English is bad and she isn’t clever, her father pointed out to Rima that the same goes with her Hindi.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Complete the web with the names of Rina Clique friends.
Answer:

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Why was Rima sad and depressed at lunch time?
Answer:
Rima was sad and depressed at lunch time because she knew she had behaved badly with Malti but didn’t want to accept it. Besides her own friends had gone against her.

Question 2.
Which lines from the passage tell us that Malti was a very humble person?
Answer:
“I know my English is weak. Yours is good. Please, will you help me to improve it?” These lines tell us that Malti was very humble.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give the antonyms of:
1. proud
2. mercilessly
Answer:
1. humble
2. mercifully, compassionately

Grammar:

Question 1.
Her own friends had turned against her.
(Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
Her own friends – subject
had turned against her – predicate.

Question 2.
Rima was shocked. (Transform into a question)
Answer:
Wasn’t Rima shocked?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Is it necessary to accept one’s mistake? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is very necessary for one to accept his mistake, because only when we accept our mistake will we make an attempt to improve ourselves. Besides, one must understand that we are all humans and are bound to make mistakes. What is important is to learn from the mistakes and not repeat them.

Language study:

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Write at least 5 common nouns and 5 proper nouns each.
Answer:

• Common nouns: parents, friends, table, participants, child, etc.
• Proper nouns: Rima, Malti, Saturday, English; Clare, etc.

Question 2.
Can you think of proper nouns that include two or more words? How are they written? Find at least ten such nouns.
Answer:
Proper nouns with two or more words have each word beginning with a capital letter except prepositions and articles.
(a) St. Peter’s Church (b) Marks & Spencer (c) The Retreat Resort (d) United Kingdom (e) Bank of Baroda (f) Big Bazaar (g) The United States of America (h) United Colours of Benetton (i) The Great Escape Water Park (j) Phoenix Market City Mall.

Question 3.
Match the meanings.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. forte	a. to arrange oneself comfortably in a new place
2. belied	b. to transfer
3. befriended	c. to express contempt
4. settling in	d. fail to give a true impression of something
5. sniffed	e. intolerable
6. insufferable	f. become a friend when in need of help
	g. something one is good at

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. forte	g. something one is good at
2. belied	d. fail to give a true impression of something
3. befriended	f. become a friend when in need of help
4. settling in	a. to arrange oneself comfortably in a new place
5. sniffed	c. to express contempt
6. insufferable	e. intolerable

Question 4.
Add a suffix to any 4 words from the lesson to make their noun forms.
Answer:

• improve – improvement
• quiet – quietness
• clear – clearance
• bright – brightness

Question 5.
Make sentences using phrases/idioms.
Answer:
Question i.
To help oneself
Answer:
She placed the bowl of dessert on the table and askeci the guests to help themselves.

Question ii.
To dote on someone
Answer:
My best friend’s mother dotes on her and buys her expensive clothes.

Question iii.
To be on the verge of something
Answer:
The differences between the two countries increased so much that they were on the verge of having a war.

Question iv.
To burst into tears
Answer:
When she saw her lost child after seven days, she burst into tears.

Question v.
To walk away in a huff
Answer:
When Hera’s friends started teasing her for her new hairstyle, she walked away in a huff.

Question 6.
Discuss the difference in the meaning of the following words:
Answer:

1. Smart – a clean, tidy, well-dressed person having quick-witted intelligence.
2. confident – a person who believes in oneself or one abilities and qualities.
3. snob – person who believes that his/her taste in a particular area is superior to those of other people.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
The teachers had liked the respectful, intelligent girl from the beginning.
(Pick out the adjectives and state their kind)
Answer:
respectful, intelligent – Adjectives of quality.

Question 2.
Malti sang beautifully.
(Pick out the verb and state whether it is transitive or intransitive)
Answer:
sang – Intransitive.

Question 3.
No one was surprised when Malti won the first prize.
(Pick out the conjunction)
Answer:
when – conjunction.

Question 4.
We put Rima into a good school to make her smart and confident.
(Pick out the preposition)
Answer:
into, to – preposition.

Question 5.
Malti answered ………………. .
(Fill in adverb of your choice to complete the sentence)
Answer:
softly, politely

Question 6.
She can’t speak much English.
(Add a question tag)
Answer:
She can’t speak much English, can she?

Question 7.
Malti looked offended but did not reply. (Replace the underlined conjunction with another conjunction without changing the meaning)
Answer:
Malti looked offended still yet did not reply.

Question 8.
Malti felt bad about their ………………….. .
(Fill in the blank with an abstract noun of your choice)
Answer:
Malti felt bad about their poverty.

Question 9.
This one does not seem smart at all.
(Change the number)
Answer:
These ones do not seem smart at all.

Question 10.
Rima did come first in her category.
(Pick out the adjective)
Answer:
first – adjective

Writing Skills:

Question 1.
Can you imagine what happened next in this story of Rima and Malti? Complete the story on your own.
The time gone by …………….
Answer:
Rima knew that she had behaved very badly. She was too proud to admit it – even to herself. Next day, after a sleepless night, Rima dragged herself to school. When she reached, her friends were already chatting with Malti. This upset her even more. Within a week or so, all her friends had befriended Malti and were all praises about her. But Rima thought otherwise.

She took it to be a wicked plan of Malti to isolate her from her friends. Rima who had always been a topper started losing confidence. This affected her performance in exams. She soon lost the affection of her teachers who thought she needed to change her rude behaviour. Rima’s health suffered and she fell sick very often. After a week’s absence from school, when she resumed, none of her friends asked her about her health.

When she asked for notes that she had missed, no one lent her the books. Rima approached the teacher and requested her to give her a week’s time to complete all the books. She also asked if she could get someone’s book to complete her notes.

The teacher send that Malti had already made notes for Rima with her permission. Rima completed all her books with Malti’s help. She was touched by this kind of gesture. She realised her mistake and apologized to Malti who embraced her. Both Rima and Malti became best of friends. Rima had learnt that beauty is skin deep.

Odd One In Summary in English

Introduction:

The lesson ‘Odd One In’ is an excerpt from the book of the same name by Tithi Tavora. Set against the backdrop of challenges encountered by a newcomer in school. The story highlights the importance of inner beauty as compared to outward appearance.

Paraphrase:

The story revolves around Rima, a city bred brat, who is quick to judge the newcomer, Malti, a countryside girl. Rima and her friends look down upon Malti for her simple looks and dressing sense. However, Malti proves her mettle to them over a period of time. Rima learns a lesson not to judge anyone by their outward appearance and be respectful to one and all. But does she really learn the lesson? Well, read the story to find more….

Glossary:

1. shrugged (v) – raised the shoulders slightly and briefly as a sign that one does not care or know about something.
2. grimaced (v) – made a twisted expression on the face to express disgust or pain or something hurting youth.
3. mimicked (v) – imitatedl the voice and behaviour
4. chorused (v) – said the same thing together
5. giggled (v) – laughed in a silly way
6. cattily (adv) – in a mean way
7. recounted (v) – narrated
8. uncharitably (adv) – in an unkind way
9. atrocious (adj) – bad
10. countered (v) – opposed
11. snidely (adv) – rudely and critically
12. abundantly (adv) – extremely
13. nimble (adj) – quick
14. clique (n) – a group of people who do not readily allow others to join
15. exaggerated (v) – altered; to make something larger than it is.
16. accent (n) – pronunciation
17. countrified (adj) – unsophisticated, simple
18. retort (v) – to reply in a short angry or witty manner
19. jeer (v) – make rude remarks a in a loud voice
20. horrid (adj) – horrible
21. roundly (adv) – completely
22. subdued (adj) – quiet and depressed

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.1 Past, Present, Future Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.1 Past, Present, Future

Class 7 English Chapter 1.1 Past, Present, Future Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the poem aloud using proper rhythm and intonation.

Question 1.
Read the poem aloud using proper rhythm and intonation.

2. Link the items in the three columns properly.

Question 1.
Link the items in the three columns properly.

Answer:

A	B	C
The past	A soft and mild autumn evening	A pleasant time which has ended
The present hour	A green and flowery spray where a young bird sits	A time, full of life in which you gather strength
The future	A sea beneath a cloudless sun	An exciting, thrilling time which has no end

3. Find the meaning of the following words.
thee, mournfully, spray, mighty

Question 1.
Find the meaning of the following words.
thee, mournfully, spray, mighty
Answer:

• thee – you (archaic/old usage)
• mournfully – sadly
• spray – a flowering branch
• might – physical strength

4. WrIte the adjectives that are used to describe the following.
evening, spray, sea

Question 1.
Write the adjectives that are used to describe the following.
Answer:

• evening – soft, mild
• spray – green, flowery
• sea – mighty, glorious, dazzling

5. Write one line about each of the following with the help of the poem.

Question 1.
Wind in the autumn evening
Answer:
It sighs expressing sadness.

Question 2.
Young bird on the spray.
Answer:
Sits on the flowery branch gathering all its physical and mental strength to explore the blue sky.

Question 3.
The Sea.
Answer:
Vast is the sea beneath the cloudless sun and as it stretches endlessly, it displays might, glorious and dazzling beauty.

6. Language Study:
A simile Is an imaginative comparison of two different things which have something in common. A simile always includes the words ‘as’ or ‘like’. For example: as tall as a tree, as lovely as a flower A metaphor is an imaginative expression that refers to someone/something as another person/thing. It shows thai the person or thing has some quality of that other person or thing. The words ‘as’ or ‘like’ are not used in a metaphor. For example : He is a gem of a person. Time is money. Books are our friends. The clouds are white sheep.
There are three metaphors in the poem. Can you find them?
Answer:
The three metaphors are:
Question i.
‘What is the past like to thee?
An autumn evening soft and mild’
Answer:
Here the past is compared to an autumn evening.

Question ii.
’Tell me, what is the present hour?
A green and flowery spray.’
Answer:
Here the present is compared to a green and flowery spray.

Question iii.
’And what is the future, happy one?
A sea beneath a cloudless sun.’
Answer:
Here the present is compared to a sea beneath a cloudless sun.

Class 7 English Chapter 1.1 Past, Present, Future Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is the central idea of the poem?
Answer:
The central idea of the poem is the child’s definition of different periods of time which is presented in the form of a dialogue between the poetess and the child.

Question 2.
What does the past stand for according to the child?
Answer:
According to the child, the past was a pleasant time but they are moments which cannot be revisited as they would never return back.

Question 3.
How does the child define the present time?
Answer:
For the child, the present is a time where he/she
prepares for the future which is unknown, but also exciting so it is the time to gather strength.

Question 4.
How is the present moment viewed with optimism by the child?
Answer:
The child compares the present time to a green and flowery branch on which a bird is all set to take off and explore the unlimited possibilities which awaits it.
This tells us that the present is something which is viewed with optimism by the child as he believes that once we gather strength, nothing is impossible.

Question 5.
How do you define time?
Answer:
According to me, time is the most precious gift we possess. It is up to us to make utmost use of it. We should plan and prioritise to make use of most of the time in hand.
How true is the Estonian proverb!
“Wasting time is robbing oneself”

Reading Skills and Poetic Device

Read the following extract and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks with any four describing words from the extract.
Answer:

Question 2.
Choose the correct alternative and complete the sentence:
For the child in the poem the past was
i. a pleasant time.
ii. an unpleasant experience.
Answer:
For the child in the poem the past was a pleasant time.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
What is the theme of the poem?
Answer:
The theme of the poem is about time and the child’s definition about the different periods of time.

Question 2.
How is this poem presented?
Answer:
This poem is presented as a dialogue between the poetess and a happy child.

Question 3.
What is the one characteristic of the past? Which is emphasised in the poem?
Answer:
One characteristic of the past which is emphasised in the poem is that we can never go back to it.

Question 4.
How should we make use of the present time?
Answer:
We should make use of the present time by using it to gather strength and courage to face the future.

Poetic Device:

Rewrite the Metaphors as Similes:

Question 1.
The past is an autumn evening soft and mild.
Answer:
The past is like an autumn evening soft and mild.

Question 2.
The present is a green and flowery spray.
Answer:
The present is like a green and flowery spray.

Question 3.
The future is a sea beneath a cloudless sun.
Answer:
The future is like a sea beneath a cloudless sun.

Question 4.
Give the rhyme scheme of the first stanza.
Answer:
The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is (a b a c).

Question 5.i.
Name and explain the figures of speech.
With a wind that sighs mournfully
Answer:
Personification – Wind is given human qualities,

Question ii.
What the past is like to thee?
‘An Autumn evening soft and mild.
Answer:
Simile – Direct comparison of past with an autumn evening.

Formative Assessment

Question 1.
Complete the following stanza to compose a poem on the topic:
The time gone by…….

Past, Present, Future Introduction:

Past, Present, Future written by Emily Bronte is a dialogue between the poetess and a happy child. They discuss what each period of time means to the child, a child with the ability to see beauty and optimism around it.

Past, Present, Future Summary in English

The poetess Emily Bronte begins the poem by asking a happy child what the past is like to him/ her. In response the child compares the past as an autumn evening which is soft and mild with a sad wind sighing in the background.

In response to the query about the present hour the child compares it to the pleasant green and flowery branch wherein a young bird gathers courage and power to mount and fly above the blue sky. In other words the child finds the present filled with hope, courage and aspiration to scale great heights; the time to gather strength.

On being asked about the future the child compares it with a sea under a cloudless sun, a sea which is mighty, glorious, dazzling and never ending. Through these words the child implies about the thrilling and never ending possibilities which awaits for him/her.

Glossary:

1. autumn (n) – the season which follows summer when leaves fall from the trees
2. mild (adj) – not severe or not very harsh
3. mournfully (adv) – with sad feelings
4. spray (n) – a flowering branch
5. mount (n) – to ascend, get ready for take off
6. glorious (adj) – marvellous
7. dazzling (adj) – extremely bright
8. stretching (v) – to be made longer
9. infinity (n) – endlessness
10. sighs (v) – to let out a long breath slowly to express sadness
11. thee (pro) – you
12. mighty (adj) – possessing great power or strength; very powerful
13. beneath (prep) – under

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.4 Home Sweet Home Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 4.4 Home Sweet Home

Class 7 English Chapter 4.4 Home Sweet Home Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write in your own words.

Question a.
How does the poet glorify his home in the first stanza?
Answer:
The poet glorifies his home in the first stanza by saying that we may roam places and stay in palaces but like magic we will get drawn to our home however modest it may be because there
is no place in the world better than our own home.

Question b.
How does the poet describe his home in the second stanza?
Answer:
The poet in the second stanza there is says that all the wonders in the world nothing as compared to his modest home. It is in his humble dwelling that he gets peace of mind which is more precious than anything in the world.

Question c.
What makes the poet remember his mother?
Answer:
The poet spends long periods of time away from home and while gazing at the moon in a faraway place he remembers his mother who must be looking at the moon from their home and remembering her child.

Question d.
What does the poet miss?
Answer:
The poet misses his loving father’s smile and the soothing caress of his loving mother.

Question e.
What does the poet hope for?
Answer:
The poet hopes to return to the warmth and comfort of his humble home and remain there forever.

Question f.
In which professions is a person forced to stay away from his home/homeland for a long time? Try to guess why the poet is forced to stay away from his home.
Answer:
A person is forced to stay away from his home/ homeland for a long time if he is an artist – could be an actor, a writer, a model, a businessman, an interpreter, a trader, a dancer, a singer, etc. A poet needs to be constantly on the move so that he gets inspired to write and create poetry. I think this is the reason the poet is forced to stay away from home.

2. Write out a few things that you would really miss about your home if you were to stay away from it for long.

Question a.
Write out a few things that you would really miss about your home if you were to stay away from it for long.
Answer:

1. I would miss my family members in the first place.
2. I would miss my friends.
3. I would miss the food made at home by my mother.
4. I would miss the love and care I get from my parents and relatives.
5. I would miss the smell of my home, my bed.

Class 7 English Chapter 4.4 Home Sweet Home Additional Important Questions and Answers

Simple Factual Questions.

Question 1.
State Whether the statements are True or False
1. Though we may roam around palaces, but there is no place like home.
2. The birds sings dolefully and does not respond to the poet’s call
Answer:
1. True
2. False

Poetic Devices.

Question 1.
Pick out the rhyming words from the extract.
Answer:
roam-home, there-elsewhere, rain-again, call-all.

Question 2.
Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam.
Answer:
Alliteration – The sound of ‘p’ is repeated for better poetic effect.

Question 3.
To thee I’ll return, overburdened with care. (Explain the line)
Answer:
The poet says that he’ll return home with a lot of worries.

Question 4.
Pick out the rhyming words from the extract.
Answer:

1. smile – beguile
2. roam – home
3. care – there

Question 5.
Write the rhyme scheme for the first four lines of the extract.
Answer:
The rhyme scheme is aabb.

Name the figures of speech for the following.

Question 1.
How sweet ’tis to sit ‘neath a fond Father’s smile.
Answer:
Alliteration – The sound of’ s’ and’ f’ is repeated for better poetic effect.

Question 2.
But give me, oh, give me, the pleasures of home.
Answer:
Repetition – The words ‘give me’ have been repeated for better poetic effect.

Question 3.
No more from that cottage again will I roam.
Answer:
Inversion – The words are not in order for better poetic effect. The right order is, ‘No more will I roam again from that cottage’.

Question 4.
Be a poet. Try and write a poem on ‘My Home’.
Answer:
My Home

I have a cosy little home,
Made of cement, bricks and dome.
It is coloured beautifully,
With everything arranged wonderfully.
We are a family of five,
When together we come alive.
A place where I can rest.
My home, it is the best.

Home Sweet Home Summary in English

The poet John Howard Payne through his poem conveys the message that ‘Home Sweet Home’ assurs us that there is no place better than home. It is a poem that reaches into the heart. He says that home is a place where we experience independence, safety, privacy and where we can dispense hospitality. The poet says that wherever we might roam or live, there is no comfort like home however big or small it is, because a home is where our family is.

Introduction:

The poem ‘Home Sweet Home’ was written by John Howard Payne, an American actor, poet, playright and author. ‘Home Sweet Home’ is a song adapted from Payne’s opera ‘Clari, the Maid of Milan’.

Glossary:

1. humble (adj) (here) – modest
2. charm (n) – an object believed to have magic powers
3. ‘neath (adj) – below or underneath
4. hallow (v) – to make holy
5. exile (n) – banished from one’s home or country
6. splendour (n)- magnificent
7. vain (adj) – useless
8. gayly (adv) – cheerfully, happily
9. dearer (adj) – precious or greatly valued by someone
10. gaze (v) – to stare intently
11. tread (v) – to walk
12. drear (adj) – cheerless
13. woodbine (n) – any of several climbing vines
14. fragrance (n) – pleasant smell
15. soothe (v) – comfort
16. beguile (v) – to charm, delight or captivate
17. overburdened (adj) – excessively burdened
18. care (n) (here) – worries
19. solace (n) – comfort in a time of loneliness or distress

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 15 Materials We Use Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 15 Materials We Use

Class 7 Science Chapter 15 Materials We Use Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill appropriate terms in the blanks:
(white cement, soap, detergent, wearing of bones, tooth decay, hard, soft, portiand, fatty acid)

Question a.
The substance that helps water to remove dirt from the surface of material is called …………… .
Answer:
soap

Question b.
Fluoride is used in toothpaste to prevent …………… .
Answer:
tooth decay

Question c.
Soap is a salt of …………… and sodium hydroxide.
Answer:
fatty acid

Question d.
Synthetic detergents can be used in …………… water as well.
Answer:
hard

Question e.
For construction purposes …………… Cement is the most commonly used cement.
Answer:
white cement

2. Write answers to the following questions. 

Question a.
How does the use of a detergent help to clean soiled clothes?
Answer:

1. A molecule of a detergent holds on to a water molecule at one end and an oil molecule at the other.
2. As a result the molecules of oil mix with the water.
3. This is how detergent acts on our soiled clothes. So detergent removes any oil or dirt sticking on to our clothes.
4. Due to the property of holding on to both oil and water, soap water spreads easily on many types of surfaces.
5. This property of spreading on a surface is called surface activity.
6. Detergents are surface active.
7. One effect of surface activity is lather formation.

Question b.
How will you check with the help of soap powder whether water is hard?
Answer:

1. In the hard water, (of a well or a tube-well), soap does not give lather but forms a scum.
2. As a result, soap loses its cleansing property. So with help of soap we will come to know that it is a hard water.

Question c.
What are the important ingredients of a tooth paste and what is the function of each?
Answer:

1. The important ingredients of a toothpaste are calcium carbonate and calcium hydrogen phosphate.
2. They remove the dirt on teeth. These ingredients also polish the teeth.
3. A certain proportion of fluoride in the tooth paste helps prevent tooth decay.
4. It is essential for the enamel covering of teeth.

Question d.
What are the ingredients of cement?
Answer:

1. Cement is a dry, greenish grey powder with fine particles.
2. It is made from silica (sand), alumina (aluminium oxide), lime, iron oxide and magnesia (magnesium oxide).

Question e.
What will happen if cement is not used in making concrete?
Answer:

1. In making concrete strong, the ingredients cement, water, sand and gravel should usually be mixed in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 3 : 0.5 to achieve maximum strength.
2. If enough cement is not used then the concrete will eventually fall apart, as cement is used as a binding agent.

Question f.
Make a list of detergents, that you use. Answer: There are two types of detergents that we use, (a) Natural (b) Man-made detergents.

1. Natural detergents are soap nut (ritha) soap pod (shikekai).
2. Man-made detergents are soap, hard soaps, soft soaps.
3. Synthetic detergents have taken the place of soap.
   • Detergents are commonly available as powders or concentrated solution.
   • Detergents are for laundry, washing clothes and cleaning dishes.
4. Alkaline detergents used for hard surface cleaning.

Question g.
What should be expected from a detergent for delicate garments?
Answer:

1. Detergents should not be strong, they may spoil the texture, colour of delicate garments.
2. Now a days many detergents are available especially for woollen, delicate clothes.
3. They should not contain bleach, phosphorous which will harm delicate clothes.

Question h.
What is meant by surface activity? Name three chemicals responsible for the surface activity of various detergents.
Answer:

1. Due to the property of holding on to both oil and water, soap water spreads easily on many types of surfaces.
2. The property of a substance of spreading on a surface is called surface activity and the substance is called surfactant.
3. Detergents are surface active.
4. They increase the spreading and wetting ability of water by reducing its surface tension.
5. Chemicals responsible for the surface activity of various detergents is phenol, Aprotinin.

3. What are the similarities and differences between:

Question a.
Natural detergents and Man-made detergents
Answer:

Natural detergents	Man-made detergents
1. Soap nut (ritha) and soap pod (shikekai) are the natural detergents.	1. Soap is man-made detergent soft soap and hard soap.
2. Natural detergents do not have harmful effect on human skin or on silk or woollen clothes.	2. Soap has effect on skin and cloth because it has chemicals in it.
3. Soap nut, soap pod contain a chemical saponin.	3. Soap has acid in it, soap is sodium and potassium salt of fatty acids.
4. It is naturally available.	4. It is man made using chemicals and oil.

Question b.
Soap and Synthetic detergents
Answer:

Soap	Synthetic detergents
1. Soap is man-made detergent, it is in use since ancient times.	1. Synthetic detergent have taken the place of soap.
2. Soap loses its cleansing property in hard water it does not give lather.	2. Synthetic detergent can be used in hard water also.
3. Soap was prepared by using animal fat and wood ash.	3. Synthetic detergent are obtained by subjecting fats, kerosene to various chemical processes.
4. Variety of soaps are available, soft soap for bathing, hard soap for washing, cleaning.	4. Variety of synthetic detergents are available – Ariel, Surf Excel, etc.

Question c.
Bath soap and Soap for washing clothes
Answer:

Bath soap	Soap for washing clothes
1. Soft soap is used for bathing.	1. Hard soap is used for washing clothes.
2. Soft soap is potassium salt is fatty acids.	2. Hard soap is sodium salt of fatty acid.
3. Soft soap dissolves more easily readily in water.	3. Hard soap do not dissolve easily in water.
4. Now a days many perfumes, moisturizes are mixed to make it more attractive and useful.	4. In this type of soap now a days germicides, anti foaming agents are mixed to make it more useful.

Question d.
Modern cement and Ancient cement
Answer:

Modem cement	Ancient cement
1. Cement manufactured from 60% lime, silica 25% and alumina 5%. the rest is iron oxide and gypsum.	1. Romans used to make aqueous cement by mixing volcanic ash in moistened lime. It was very durable.
2. It is the most commonly used cement for Construction work.	2. It is Roman cement volcanic ash prevent cracks from spreading.
3. It is called Portland Cement.	3. It is called Aqueous Cement.

4. Explain why –

Question a.
Soap cannot be used in hard water.
Answer:

1. In the hard water of a well or a tube well, soap does not give lather but forms a scum.
2. As a result soap loses its cleansing property. So soap cannot be used in hard water.

Question b.
Oil does not mix in water. However, oil and water become homogenous if a sufficient quantity of detergent is added.
Answer:

1. A molecule of a detergent holds on to a water molecule at one end and an oil molecule at the other.
2. As a result the molecules of oil mix with the water, and we will see that the water and oil have become homogenous and the colour of the mixture appears milky.

Question c.
Synthetic detergents are superior to soap.
Answer:

1. Soap is a man-made detergent which has been in use since ancient times.
2. It was prepared by using animal fat and wood ash. In hard water, soap does not give lather, it loses its cleansing property.
3. So we can not use soap in hard water. Now synthetic detergents have taken the place of soap.
4. They can be used in hard water as well
5. Synthetic detergents have many more advanced properties like they are added with perfumes, conditioner for fabric, etc.

Question d.
Often coloured spots are formed on clothes during washing.
Answer:

1. Curry stains stick fast to the criss-crossing threads of the material of our clothes.
2. Curry contains turmeric a natural indicator which turns red in a basic solution.
3. Soaps are sodium salts of fatty acids and are basic in nature.
4. While washing the clothes, turmeric reacts with soap solution and turns red forming red spots on the clothes.
5. But the spots disappear after washing the clothes with plenty of water.

Question e.
Tobacco masheri should not be used for cleaning teeth.
Answer:

1. Masheri is the smokeless form of tobacco. It is tobacco, containing teeth cleaning powder
2. It contains tobacco leaves.
3. Tobacco contains toxic and Carcinogenic chemicals which can cause cancer, oral cancer, mouth and throat cancer, gum disease, tooth decay.
4. Its use can cause abnormal delivery in pregnant women.

Project:

Question 1.
Visit a cement factory. See how cement is prepared and discuss the process.

Question 2.
Write a conversation based on cement houses, mud-houses and wattle-and-daub houses.

Class 7 Science Chapter 15 Materials We Use Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
The principal ingredients of a toothpaste are ………………. and ………………. which remove the dirt on the teeth.
Answer:
Calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate

Question 2.
………………. in the toothpaste helps prevent tooth decay.
Answer:
Fluoride

Question 3.
The property of a substance of spreading on a surface is called ………………. .
Answer:
surface activity

Question 4.
………………. and ………………. are the natural detergent in common use.
Answer:
Soap nut, Soap pod

Question 5.
Soap nut and soap pod contain a chemical named ………………. .
Answer:
Saponin

Question 6.
………………. is a man-made detergent.
Answer:
Soap

Question 7.
………………. is used for washing clothes.
Answer:
Hard soap

Question 8.
………………. is used for bathing.
Answer:
Soft soap

Question 9.
Hard soap is ………………. salt of fatty acids.
Answer:
Sodium

Question 10.
Soft soap is ………………. salt of fatty acids.
Answer:
Potassium

Name the following:

Question 1.
A substance which is spread on a given surface and used for cleaning.
Answer:
Surfactant

Question 2.
A chemical contained in soap nut and pod.
Answer:
Saponin

Question 3.
An element which helps prevent tooth decay which is used in toothpastes.
Answer:
Fluoride

Question 4.
The latin word which means detergent.
Answer:
Detergere

Question 5.
A cement used for construction purpose.
Answer:
Portland cement

Question 6.
A mixture of cement, water, sand and gravel.
Answer:
Concrete

Question 7.
A natural detergent.
Answer:
Soap nut

Choose the correct option:

Question 1.
Which one of these material grows on an animal
(cotton, rubber, wood, wool)
Answer:
Wool

Question 2.
Which of these is man-made?
(oranges, apples, plastic bags, tomatoes)
Answer:
Plastic bags

Question 3.
The statue is made from marble, marble is a ………….. material.
(weak, elastic, man-made, natural)
Answer:
Natural

Question 4.
Toy Duck is made from plastic. Plastic is a ………….. material.
(natural, man-made, raw, precious)
Answer:
Man-made

Question 5.
Which of these materials is natural?
(Nylon, Rock, Plastic, Polythene)
Answer:
Rock

Question 6.
Which one of these is a natural material?
(Lemonade, Cola, Water, Ice cream)
Answer:
Water

Question 7.
The toy plane made from wood. Wood is a ………….. material.
(man-made, natural, weak)
Answer:
Natural

Question 8.
Which one of these materials is natural?
(Nylon, cotton, polythene, polyesters)
Answer:
Cotton

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column ’A’	Column ’B’
1. Fluoride	a. Man-made detergent
2. Soap nut	b. Sodium salt of fatty acid
3. Soap	c. Man-made material
4. Cotton	d. Prevents tooth decay
5. Nylon	e. Potassium salt of fatty acid.
6. Hard soap	f. Natural detergent
7. Calcium carbonate	g. Natural material
8. Soft soap	h. Main ingredients of toothpaste

Answer:

Column ’A’	Column ’B’
1. Fluoride	d. Prevents tooth decay
2. Soap nut	f. Natural detergent
3. Soap	a. Man-made detergent
4. Cotton	g. Natural material
5. Nylon	c. Man-made material
6. Hard soap	b. Sodium salt of fatty acid
7. Calcium carbonate	h. Main ingredients of toothpaste
8. Soft soap	e. Potassium salt of fatty acid.

Find out:

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What is the source of the fluoride in a tooth paste or tooth powder?
Answer:
A naturally occurring mineral found in tooth paste and drinking water. Sodium Fluoride (NaF) is the source of fluoride in toothpaste.

Question 2.
Note down all the information given on a tooth powder/toothpaste container or carton and discuss.
Answer:
1. The carton shows the name of the company and name of toothpaste and its contains all the ingredients present in toothpaste.

2. Licence No. of company, Regd. Trade Mark of Colgate Palmolive Co-manufactured by Colgate-Palmolive (India) Ltd. Licenced user of Trade Mark made in India. Tooth paste contains 1000 ppm max of available fluoride when packed.

3. Ingredients: Calcium carbonate, sorbitol, sodium lauryl sulphate, silica, sodium silicate flavour, sodium monoflouro phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, benzyl alcohol.

4. Direction for use: Brush thoroughly atleast twice a day.
5. Children under 6 years of age should have adult supervision and use only appropriate amount.

Question 3.
Now a days why are the roads made of concrete?
Answer:

1. Concrete is prepared by mixing cement, limestone, sand, gravel, and water. It is solid, more durable and strong.
2. There is no erosion for many years and roads are smoother. So the roads are made of concrete.

Question 4.
What causes the hardness of water?
Answer:

1. Hardness is a measure of amount of dissolved salts in water.
2. It is caused by dissolved salts like carbonates, chlorides mostly of calcium and magnesium
3. Presence of these makes washing of clothes by soap difficult.
4. Hard water is water that has high mineral content.
5. Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone and chalk.

Can you tell?

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Which substances were used earlier for cleaning teeth?
Answer:
In olden times neem twigs, coal powder ash, tooth powder, salt, pomegranate rind, were used for cleaning teeth.

Question 2.
What do we use today to clean our teeth?
Answer:
Now a days we use variety of toothpastes and tooth powders to clean our teeth.

Question 3.
What do we use for cleansing our body?
Answer:
Soap, many liquid body wash are also used to clean our body.

Question 4.
What are the materials used for construction?
Answer:
Metals, wood, stone, cement, concrete, timber, bricks, metal sheet, soil, Earth, marble, aluminium, iron, steel, bamboo, glass, plastic.
Concrete: is a wet mixture of sand, gravel, cement, and water used to create building foundations, footpaths or roads.

Question 5.
Which of the houses seen in the pictures here have a strong structure? Why?

Answer:
The houses made from stone, bricks, and cement and concrete have a strong structure.

Write short notes on or Explain:

Question 1.
Natural detergent
Answer:

1. It is naturally available soap nut (ritha) and soap pod (shikekai) are the natural detergents in common use.
2. They contain a chemical named saponin.
3. Soap nut and soap pod do not have any harmful effect on human skin or on silk, woollen threads, and cloth.

Question 2.
Man-made detergents
Answer:

1. Detergent which is made by processing naturally available material, soap is a man-made detergent which has been in use since ancient times.
2. In those days soap was prepared by using animal fat and wood ash.
3. Therefore two types of soap (a) Hard Soap is used for washing clothes. It is a sodium salt of fatty acids, (b) Softsoap is used for bathing. It is a potassium salt of fatty acids.
4. It does not cause irritation of the skin.
5. But we can’t use soap in hard water because soap does not give lather but forms a scum. So, soap loses its cleansing property so now synthetic detergent have taken the place of soap.
6. Synthetic detergents are obtained by subjecting these raw materials (fats and kerosene) to a variety of chemical processes. These can be used in hard water as well.

Question 3.
Soap
Answer:
Two types of soap are:
1. Hard soap is used for washing clothes. It is a sodium salt of fatty acids.
2. (a) Softsoap is used for bathing. It is a potassium salt of fatty acids, (b) It does not cause irritation of the skin, (c) But we can’t use soap in hard water because soap does not give lather but forms a scum, (d) So, soap loses its cleansing property so now synthetic detergents have taken place of soap, (e) Synthetic detergents are obtained by subjecting these raw materials (fats and kerosene) to a variety of chemical processes, (f) These can be used in hard water as well.

Question 4.
Concrete
Answer:

1. Concrete is prepared by mixing cement, water, sand and gravel.
2. For making a strong and leak proof slab certain substances are mixed in concrete.
3. Now a days, roads are made of concrete because they are very durable, strong and smooth.

Question 5.
Surface activity
Answer:

1. Soap molecule has the property of holding on to both oil and water soap water spreads easily on many types of surfaces.
2. The property of a substance of spreading on a surface is called surface activity and the substance is said to be a surfactant.
3. Detergents are surface-active. One effect of surface activity is lather formation.

Question 6.
Explain the method of preparation of soap.
Answer:
Material required for preparation soap are 15 g sodium hydroxide, 60 ml coconut oil, 15 g salt, perfume, a glass rod, beaker, tripod, wire gauze, burner, water mould etc.
Procedure:

1. Take 60 ml of coconut oil in a beaker.
2. Dissolve 15 g sodium hydroxide in 50 ml water. Mix the sodium hydroxide solution in the oil slowly, while stirring with a glass rod.
3. Heat the mixture, and boil it for 10 – 12 minutes, stirring it all the while.
4. Take care that the mixture does not boil over while heating.
5. Dissolve 15 g salt in 200 ml water, pour this solution into the above mixture and stir.
6. The soap formed by the chemical reaction now floats on the water. After some time, it becomes thick.
7. Now separate the thick soap and add the perfume to it, shape the bar of soap using the mould.
8. In this process, fat and alkali combine to form salts of fatty acids.
9. Chemically, soap is a sodium or potassium salt 4 of fatty acids.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.4 The King’s Choice Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 1.4 The King’s Choice

Class 7 English Chapter 1.4 The King’s Choice Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write a character sketch of each of the animals. Write about their actions and thoughts and the qualities that emerge through

Question 1.
Write a character sketch of each of the animals. Write about their actions and thoughts and the qualities that emerge through
Answer:
1. Lion: Lion was big and strong and very fierce. All the other animals in the forest called him king. The king promised other animals to give them food and protection. Whenever the king roared other animals stood in awe. Whenever he took a walk, others followed him. The lion was king also very responsible. When he had his meal, he left remains for other. So they always had enough to eat.
2. Fox: He was wise and clever creature and adviser of lion king. The fox took an oath of loyalty to the king.
3. Leopard: He was watchful and swift of foot, and a body of lion king.
4. Vulture: He was bird and can fly high in sky and a messager of lion.

2. Using your imagination, write more sentences in the same pattern:
(a) But the more the lion had, the more he wanted.
(b) Whenever he took a walk, they followed him.
(c) To be king is good. But to be kind is better.

Question a.
Using your imagination, write more sentences in the same pattern:
(a) But the more the lion had, the more he wanted.
(b) Whenever he took a walk, they followed him.
(c) To be king is good. But to be kind is better.
Answer:

1. The more you quieten the mind, the more restless it becomes.
2. Whenever I speak, he interrupts me.
3. It is nice to be important. But it is more important to be nice.
4. To live well on earth is good. But to leave well is better.

3. Turn the story into a play as a group activity and present the scenes in the classroom.

Question 1.
Turn the story into a play as a group activity and present the scenes in the classroom.
Answer:
(Curtain opens) The lion is seen pacing back and forth in deep thought.

• Lion: Hmmm, I think it’s time I’ve courtiers for myself. (Calls his guards.) Tell the fox, the leopard and the vulture to meet me at once.
• Guard: Yes, Your Majesty! (Enter of fox, leopard and the vulture)
• Fox, Leopard, Vulture: Our salute to the king of kings! (all bow down)
• Lion: Mr. Fox, you are known for your wisdom. You shall be my advisor from now on.
• Mr. Fox: (elated) As you wish, Your Majesty!
• Lion: And you…. Mr. Leopard, I am impressed by your alertness. You are swift of foot too. You shall be my bodyguard.
• Mr. Leopard: (humbly) I shall be happy to serve you, Your Majesty!
• Lion: (gesturing) And dear Vulture, you fly high above. I appoint you as my messenger.
• Mr. Vulture: I am honoured, Your Majesty! (One day the vulture enters all excited)
• Mr. Vulture: O great king! I have seen a camel in the desert not far away. I think it will be a good idea for you to taste camel meat.
• Lion: (looking at his other advisers) What do you say? (Mr. Fox & Mr. Leopard not wanting to show ignorance)
• Mr. Fox & Mr. Leopard: We don’t mind. But since the vulture has suggested let him lead the way. We shall humbly follow. (All set off on a journey to the forest. It’s hot and the sun is shining brightly.)
• King: Oh! It’s too hot to bear. My paws are burning.
• Mr. Vulture: (flying high above in cooler air) Your Majesty! The desert is close by. We shall reach in some time.
• King: (not able to bear the pain) Stop! We shall return.
• Mr. Vulture: (in thought) If we return, there will be nothing for us to eat as I will not be able to eat the king. I must stop him from returning. “Your Majesty! If you want we shall rest”.
• Mr. Fox: O king! We are far away from the forest. Let us continue towards the desert.
• King: I cannot walk anymore.
• Mr. Leopard: (thinking to himself) I wish I could run away from here.
• Fox: Let me ask for help, (leaps towards the desert)
  (In the desert)…

4. This story takes an unexpected turn when the lion decides to spare the camel’s life. Choose any fable, story that you like and rewrite it giving it an unexpected turn.

Question 1.
This story takes an unexpected turn when the lion decides to spare the camel’s life. Choose any fable, story that you like and rewrite it giving it an unexpected turn.
Answer:
A ‘friend’ is a position in one’s heart and not the court. A courtier works for money. There is self-interest involved whereas a friend is a far more selfless relation in which one does not expect anything in return. It is a relationship in which friendship itself is the only reward.

5. Talk about the good qualities of any one person you do not like. (You need not name the person.)

Question 1.
Talk about the good qualities of any one person you do not like.
Answer:
I do not like my benchmate in my class as she is very untidy and comes shabbily dressed. However, there are many good qualities in her that I admire. She is an extremely polite girl. I have seen her go out of her way to help my other classmates. Also, she is very regular in her studies besides being a voracious reader. A habit that I long to imbibe in myself.

6. Language Study: Common nouns-i: Some things, animals, etc., that is, some nouns can be counted. They are called countable nouns. Some common nouns stand for something that cannot be counted. They are called uncountable nouns. Countable nouns have two forms. A noun that shows one person or thing, etc. is said to be in the singular. For example, ‘boy’, ‘girl’, ‘dog’, ‘tree’, ‘chair. A noun that shows more than one person or thing, etc. is said to be in the plural. For example, ‘boys’, ‘girls’, ‘dogs’, ‘trees’, ‘chairs’.

Note the expressions ‘a slice of bread’, ‘strands of hair’, ‘two glasses of water’, ‘a cup of milk’ and ‘a bit of fun!’. Here, we do not say ‘breads’, ‘hairs’, ‘waters’, ‘milks’, ‘funs’, etc.

Question 1.
Find five countable nouns from the passage and write their singular and plural forms.
Answer:

1. life – lives
2. friend – friends
3. messenger – messengers
4. gift – gifts
5. creature – creatures

Question 2.
List the units that we use to measure the following: water, milk, distance, weight.
Answer:

• • water – litres
  • milk – litres
  • distance – centimetre, metre, kilometre
  • weight – grams, kilograms

Class 7 English Chapter 1.4 The King’s Choice Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What qualities are necessary in the following? Why?
Answer:
1. King: A king should be just and kind. His justice will instill faith towards him in his subjects and his kindness will help him win their hearts. A king should not demand respect instead it should be earned with his qualities and virtues.

2. Adviser: An adviser must be very wise and foresighted. He must weigh the pros and cons of a decision and only then advise the king to go ahead with it. This is also because once the decision is taken it cannot be reverted and fate of the entire kingdom largely depends on these decisions.

3. Bodyguard: A bodyguard of a king must be his shadow. Extremely vigilant and alert, the bodyguard should be able to sense trouble and mischief as the king’s life can be in danger if he lacks these qualities. He should not hesitate to risk his life to save the king if required. This also demands physical strength and spirit.

4. Messenger: A messenger should be very quick at carrying messages as sometimes the messages are so important and urgent that any loss of time may cause great harm to the kingdom. Moreover, the messenger should be very faithful and keep the messages of the king confidential. This will safeguard the kingdom from enemies. Also, the messenger should remember that he represents the king himself, hence should be very trustworthy.

Question 2.
Write the oath that each of the courtier must have taken.
Answer:
1. Oath taken by the advisor (Fox):
I, Mr. Fox, do hereby solemnly swear that I will remain loyal to my king and the kingdom and to the best of my ability advise the king on matters of administration in order to preserve, protect and defend the kingdom.

2. Oath taken by the messenger (Vulture):
I, Mr. Vulture, do hereby solemnly swear that I will remain loyal to my king and this great kingdom and will to the best of my ability deliver messages as and when required. In doing so I shall not alter the messages, keeping them confidential in the best interest of my kingdom in order to preserve, protect and defend it.

3. Oath taken by the bodyguard (Leopard):
I, Mr. Leopard, do hereby solemnly swear that I shall always be with the king like his shadow and will to the best of my ability protect, guard and defend the king and in doing so with loyalty I shall not hesitate to lay down my life in the general good of my beloved land.

Question 3.
Why was the vulture told to lead the way?
Answer:
The vulture had suggested that the lion should eat the camel it had seen in the desert. As, neither the lion nor the fox, nor the leopard had ever seen a camel and besides, as the fox and leopard didn’t want the vulture to appear wiser than them, they asked the vulture to lead as it was his idea.

Question 4.
Why had the lion never seen a camel?
Answer:
The lion stayed in the forest and a camel lives in a desert. So the lion had never seen a camel.

Question 5.
What advice did the fox and the leopard give? Was it based on good and sound thinking?
Answer:
The fox and the leopard advised the king to set off on a camel hunt. This advice was not based on good and sound thinking as they were accustomed to walking in the forest under shady trees and the desert would not provide them this comfort. They didn’t want to appear foolish and ignorant and so the advice.

Question 6.
Do you think the vulture was enjoying the search?
Answer:
Yes, as the vulture was flying high up in the cooler air, it was enjoying the search.

Question 7.
Do you think the king’s decision to go back was right?
Answer:
No, I don’t think the king’s decision to go back was right as he had already walked a long distance not only risking his life but that of his courtiers as well. He could have rested and then continued.

Question 8.
Can you guess the plan the fox had thought of?
Answer:
The fox had planned to trick the camel, and use him as a means of transport to go to their forest, kill him and have a feast.

Question 9.
Why does the fox address the camel as friend camel?
Answer:
The fox addressed the camel as ‘friend camel’ to make him believe that he is his well-wisher so that the camel does not see through his wicked intentions.

Question 10.
What qualities of the courtiers emerge in this part of the story when they were in the desert?
Answer:
The lion king comes across as someone who had leapt before looking what he was landing into. He himself didn’t know how he would return to the forest but commanded that they should stop right there. Not a very thoughtful and far sighted king. The vulture appears to be self-centred and greedy. He was only interested in eating the camel. The leopard, though a bodyguard, was a coward who wanted to run away. However, the fox comes across as a problem-solver who rescues everyone from the situation with his wit.

Question 11.
The fox, the leopard and the vulture have the same thought about the camel. Why is it so?
Answer:
By sparing the camel and not eating it, the king had spoilt the plan of the fox, vulture and the leopard. As they had similar interests, they had the same thought about the camel. The animals were all tired and hungry and realised that the camel would make a large meal. The camel being simple minded would not suspect this play and they could easily have a feast and satiate their hunger by fooling him. They were now irritated with their plans having been failed.

Question 12.
Did you expect the lion to be kind to the camel? Do you think his decision was right?
Answer:
No, I didn’t expect the lion to be kind to the camel who was his prey. Yes, I think the lion’s decision was right as he was thankful to the camel for saving their lives by carrying them back to the forest. His decision was a mark of gratitude towards the camel.

Answer in one sentence.

Question 1.
Why did the king appoint the leopard as his bodyguard?
Answer:
The king appointed the leopard as his bodyguard as he was watchful and swift on his feet.

Question 2.
What did the lion’s courtiers do when he went hunting?
Answer:
When the lion king went hunting, the courtiers found animals for him to kill.

Question 3.
How does the vulture describe the camel to the lion king?
Answer:
The vulture describes the camel as a lone animal in the desert who was big and fat.

Question 4.
Why couldn’t the lion walk any further?
Answer:
The lion could not walk any further as the hot sand had burned his paws.

Question 5.
What does the fox tell the camel?
Answer:
The fox tells that the camel that the lion king had killed his master and it was now free. The lion king, therefore, had invited it to live at his court.

Question 6.
On what condition did the camel agree to serve the lion?
Answer:
The camel agreed to serve the lion in return for a home at his court.

Question 7.
Why were the courtiers shocked to listen to the lion king’s decision?
Answer:
The courtiers were shocked to listen to the lion king’s decision as they had risked their lives to eat the camel’s meat but the king had now decided to spare it.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Complete the web
Answer:

Question 2.
Who said to whom
Question i.
“A king must have a court”
Answer:
The king thought to himself.

Question ii.
“I want you to be my adviser”
Answer:
The king said the above sentence to the fox.

Question iii.
“I want you to be my bodyguard”
Answer:
The king said the above sentence to the leopard.

Question iv.
“You are to be my messenger”
Answer:
The king said the above sentence to the vulture.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Why must a king have a court?
Answer:
A king must have a court for the smooth functioning of his kingdom. Besides, the king cannot do everything on his own so, by delegating work to his courtiers, the king can assure that various departments in his kingdom are serving his subjects well.

Question 2.
How is the human administration similar to that of what we read in the passage?
Answer:
Just as we have different portfolios the Lion king also gave responsibilities to his courtiers. For example the fox who is very wise and clever and we too have a council of ministers who advice the Prime Minister; just like the leopard who is watchful and swift, we too have the defence system in our country and like their vulture who is a messenger we too have the ministry of communication and technology.

Question 3.
What is the oath of loyalty?
Answer:
An oath of loyalty is a pledge one takes acknowledging one’s duty and faithfulness towards one’s country or a king.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give the meanings of the following words.
Answer:

• courtiers – people who attend the royal court
• adviser – the one who advises
• bodyguard – a person employed to protect somebody
• loyal – faithful towards a person or an organisation.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Pick out the Subject and Predicate from the following sentences.
1. They brought him gifts from every corner of the forest.
2. The lion called a leopard to his side.
3. The fox, the vulture and the leopard took an oath of loyalty to the king.
4. The three courtiers never opposed the king.
Answer:

Subject	Predicate
1. They	brought him gifts from every corner of the forest.
2. The lion	called a leopard to his side.
3. The fox, the vulture and the leopard	took an oath of loyalty to the king.
4. The three courtiers	never opposed the king.

Question 2.
Identify any 4 common nouns from the above passage.
Answer:
king, forest, fox, leopard, animals

Question 3.
Add the question tag for the following sentences.

1. He called a fox to his side.
2. You are to be my messenger.
3. The king promised to give them food and protection.
4. He was big and strong and very fierce.

Answer:

1. He called a fox to his side, didn’t he?
2. You are to be my messenger, aren’t you?
3. The king promised to give them food and protection, didn’t he?
4. He was big and strong and very fierce, wasn’t he?

Question 4.
Give the adjective forms for the following.

1. protection
2. loyalty
3. watch
4. thought

Answer:

1. protective, protected
2. loyal
3. watchful
4. thoughtful

Question 5.
Complete the table using the singular or plural forms of the nouns.
Answer:

Singular	Plural
1. apple	apples
2. book	books
3. class	classes
4. photo	photos
5. life	lives
6. woman	women
7. mouse	mice
8. child	children
9. deer	deer
10. country	countries

Question 6.
Find five countable nouns from the passage and write their singular and plural forms.
Answer:

Singular	Plural
1. king	kings
2. animal	animals
3. gift	gifts
4. fox	foxes
5. bird	birds

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. The lion ordered his courtiers to eat the camel.
2. The vulture, fox and the leopard offer themselves to the lion king.
Answer:
1. False
2. True

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Were the courtiers being loyal to their king?
Answer:
No, the courtiers were not being loyal to their king as by getting the camel killed by the lion they would force the lion king to go against his own promise of protecting the camel thereby spoiling the king’s image.

Question 2.
What qualities of the camel are seen in his speech?
Answer:
The camel comes across as very humble and loyal character. He knows very well that he could not be of much use to the lion in the forest. Moreover, he is willing to lay down his life for the sake of his king which means that he is extremely selfless.

Question 3.
Why did the lion laugh to see the courtiers go?
Answer:
The lion laughed to see the courtiers go because he knew they were unfaithful courtiers and were only with him to serve their own selfish motives. He had been successful in driving them away without pronouncing a cruel judgment against them.

Question 4.
Why did the king offer his friendship to the camel?
Answer:
The king realized that his courtiers were unfaithful. In contrast, the camel was loyal and good. So, he offered friendship to the camel.

Question 5.
Explain the lines “To be king is good. But to be kind is better”.
Answer:
The king through the lines “To be king is good, but to be kind is better” wants to say that as a king he demanded respect but couldn’t win loyal friends or courtiers. But by being kind to the camel he not only gained respect but also won a true friend.

Vocabulary:

Question
Give homophones for the following words.
(a) accept
(b) seen
Answer:
(a) except
(b) scene

Grammar:

Question 2.
Away flew the vulture.
(Separate the subject and predicate.)
Answer:
The vulture – subject, flew away – predicate

Question 3.
They were never seen in the forest again.
(Add a question tag)
Answer:
They were never seen in the forest again, were they?

Question 4.
What qualities of the lion king impresses you the most? Why?
Answer:
The lion king was very witty and wise. He had the skill of teaching his wicked and cunning courtiers a lesson without being cruel to them. He also had the quality of distinguishing between the faithful and the unfaithful. These qualities of the lion king impress me the most.

Language Study:

Do as directed.

Question 1.
The king promised to give them food and protection. (Rewrite using ‘Not only… but also’.)
Answer:
The king promised to give them not only food but also protection. The king not only promised to give them food, but also protection.

Question 2.
Let us go back to the forest.
(State the kind of sentence.)
Answer:
Imperative sentence.

Question 3.
They did not want the vulture to seem wiser than them. (Iden tify the degree of comparison.)
Answer:
Comparative degree.

Question 4.
All the other animals in the forest called him king.
(Rewrite beginning with ‘He was’.)
Answer:
He was called king by all the other animals in the forest.

Question 5.
“Our king, the lion, has killed your master” said the fox.
(Change into indirect speech.)
Answer:
The fox informed that their king, the lion, had killed his master.

Question 6.
Make sentences using phrases/idioms.
Answer:

• To set off – We packed our bags and set off on a nature trail.
• To keep (yourself) from – My grandmother is 70 years old. But that does not keep her from enjoying treks.

Question 7.
Complete the table.
Answer:

Noun	Verb	Adjective
friendship	befriend	friendly
life	live	lively
thought	think	thoughtful
protection	protect	protective
strength	strengthen	strong

Writing Skills:

Question 1.
Choose any fable, story that you like and rewrite it giving it an unexpected turn.
Answer:
The Thirsts Crow
One hot day, a thirsty crow flew all across the plains in search of water. It had taken him more time than he thought and he felt weak. Losing all hope, he flew down to see if there was water kept outside the houses by the lonely street.

To his delight, he found a jug with water outside a small hut. But, the jug had very little water and it’s neck was too narrow for his head to be put in. He tried picking up the jug but in vain. Finally, he saw some pebbles and decided that if he dropped the pebbles, into the jug the water level would rise and he would be able to quench his thirst. But the crow had no patience to throw each pebble in one by one and wait for water level to rise slowly.

He saw a big stone lying by the side of the jug. He thought to himself, “if I put this big stone inside the jug, the level of water will rise at once”.

In his heart he felt proud about himself for this brilliant idea. So in desperation, he took the big stone and threw it in the jug. But to his disappointment, the stone hit the base of the earthen jug so hard that the jug broke into pieces. All the water from the jug spread all over the place. The crow tried to drink but before he could do so the thirsty earth had soaked in most of it.
Moral: Haste makes waste.

The King’s Choice Summary in English

The folk tale ‘The King’s Choice’ highlights the importance of virtues such as loyalty and kindness. The lion king in the story proves that a king’s might and majesty may win him some untrue and fake followers but kindness alone can give him the gift of faithful friends. On the other hand, the faithful camel’s character underlines the age old maxim, ‘Loyalty always pays’.

Paraphrase:

The story takes us to a forest where the lion king appoints the fox, the vulture and the leopard as his courtiers. However, the vulture due to his selfish and greedy motive of eating up the lion king lures him into going to the desert to eat camel meat. Other courtiers also follow.

When the king and his companions get tired of walking in the scorching sun, the fox comes to their rescue. He, through his wit and craftiness, befriends the camel and tricks him into believing that the king wanted to befriend him. The innocent camel appears before the king and carries the trio back to the forest on his back.

Filled with gratitude towards the camel on saving his life, the king decides to spare him and gives him his protection. Although the three courtiers are unhappy with the decision, they keep quiet.

However, after few days, unable to go hunting, the lion summons his courtiers and orders them to bring him food. The cunning fox once again holds a meeting and they plan to compel the king to eat the camel. But there is a twist in the story, the camel is safe once again due to its loyalty and the betrayers are compelled to flee. Thus, the king outsmarts his crafty and unfaithful courtiers and repays the camel for his loyalty with his kindness.

Glossary:

1. fierce (adj) – physically violent and frightening
2. swift (adj) – quick
3. watchful (adj) – alert and vigilant
4. oath (n) – promise or vow
5. awe (n) – respect and fear
6. remains (n) – the parts left over after other parts have been removed
7. lone (adj) – only one
8. vulture (n) – a large bird of prey
9. paws (n) – an animal’s foot
10. feast (n) – a large meal, typically eaten during celebrations
11. risked (v) – put in danger
12. grateful (adj) – thankful

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 16 Natural Resources Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 16 Natural Resources

Class 7 Science Chapter 16 Natural Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Describe natural resources with reference to the following 3 types:

Question a.
Mineral resources
Answer:
Mineral wealth has an important place among natural resources. The rocks on the earth are mainly made of minerals. These minerals can be obtained by mining. Minerals that contain a high proportion of metals are ores, (i) Minerals are formed from the magma in the earth’s crust and the lava from the eruption of volcanoes when they cool and get transformed into crystals e.g. magnetite, mica, (ii) Minerals get transformed from one form into another due to large changes in temperature and pressure e.g. Diamond, Graphite, (iii) There are 3 types of minerals according to their properties Non-metal minerals: e.g. mica, sulphur, potash, diamond.

• Metals minerals: e.g. Iron, gold, silver, tin, bauxite, platinum.
• Energy minerals: e.g. Coal, mineral oil, natural gas, diamond, ruby, sapphire, jade are used as gems.

Some important minerals and ores are Iron ore, manganese, bauxite, copper and mica.

Question b.
Forest resources
Answer:

1. A forest is a natural habitat of plants, animals and microbes.
2. Forest perform certain specific protective and productive functions.
3. We get different types of wood and many medicinal plants from forests.
4. Forest wealth includes fire wood, trees like teak, mahogany, neem, acacia, subabhul, fibers, paper, rubber, gum, aromatic substances.
5. We get fragrant essential oils from lemon grass, vanilla, kewada, vetiver (khus) and eucalyptus.
6. Sandalwood and oil of eucalyptus are used for making soaps, cosmetics and incense sticks.
7. Also we get fruits, bulbs, roots, honey, sealing wax, dyes from forest.
8. Many medicinal plants adulsa, bel, neem, periwinkle, cinnamon, are used for treatment of various diseases such as cough cold, malaria, diarrhoea, cancer, fever and cold.
9. Wood is used as a source of energy for cooking purpose and for keeping warm.
10. For making furniture, tool handles, matches, bridges, boats etc.
11. Bamboos are used for matting, flooring, basket, ropes, rafts, cots etc.
12. Bamboos, wood are used in the manufacture of rayon, yams, artificial silk-fibers.

Question c.
Ocean resources
Answer:

1. Oceans occupy about 70% of a earth’s surface.
2. Energy can be obtained on a large scale from oceans.
3. Sea waves at high and low tide and ocean currents are being used for generation of power.
4. There are billions of tons of minerals dissolved in ocean water.
5. There are large reserves of tin, chromium, potassium, phosphates, copper, zinc, iron, lead, thorium, manganese, sulphur, uranium in the ocean and sea beds.
6. Also we get many types of gems, conches, shells and pearls from the sea.
7. There are large reserves of mineral oil and natural gas at the bottom of sea.
8. We get fishes, dried shrimp, shells, fungi, shark, cod fish and sea cucumber from the ocean.

2. Write answers to the following questions in your own words.

Question a.
What is meant by fossil fuel? What are their types?
Answer:

1. Fossil fuels (such as coal or natural gas) are formed in the earth from dead plants and animals, due to high pressure from above and the heat from the earth’s interior.
2. The dead plants, animals get transformed into fossil fuel.
3. There are three types of fossil fuels which can be used for energy production, Coal, oil and natural gas.

a. Coal:

1. Coal is a solid fossil fuel formed over millions of years by the decay of land vegetation,
2. Coal is a store house of carbon. Coal is found in mines,
3. It is like porous, hard, black rock.
4. It is burnt to obtain heat energy.
5. It is used as a fuel in thermal power plants and to run boilers and railway engines, for cooking and baking bricks.
6. Anthracite is the coal of the highest grade.
7. Producer gas and water gas are obtained from coal.

b. Mineral oil:

1. Mineral oil is the liquid fuel formed by the decomposition of organic substances buried underground,
2. The underground mineral oil is extracted through oil wells.
3. Mineral oil is found mainly in oil sands, shale, sandstone and limestone at a depth of about 1000 to 3000 metres.
4. Mineral oil is also known as petroleum or crude oil. It is greenish-brown in colour.
5. Petroleum is a mixture of many compounds mainly of the hydrocarbon type.
6. It also contains compounds of oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur.
7. Petroleum is extracted through oil wells and refined by fractional distillation to separate other components,
8. Aviation petrol, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, naphtha, lubricating oil, tar are all obtained from petroleum.
9. They are used as fuel and for production of dyes, pesticides, perfumes and artificial fibres.

c. Natural gas:

1. Natural gas is an important fossil fuel.
2. It is lighter than air. It is found with petroleum in underground oil wells and in some places as natural gas alone.
3. The main component of natural gas is methane (CH₄), ethane (C₂H₆), propane (C₃H₈) and butane (C₄H₁₀) are present in small proportions.
4. This gas is highly flammable.
5. This fuel can be carried over long distance by means of a gas pipeline.
6. In absence of pipeline, it is transformed under high pressure into compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG).

Question b.
Make a list of the components we obtain from mineral oil.
Answer:

1. Mineral oil is the liquid fuel. It is also known as petroleum or crude oil. Petroleum is refined by fractional distillation to separate other components.
2. Aviation petrol, gasoline, diesel, kerosene, naphtha, lubricating oil, tar are the components we obtain from mineral oil.

Question c.
What do we get from forest?
Answer:

1. A forest is a natural habitat of plants, animals and microbes. We get wood, firewood from trees like teak, mahogany, neem, subabhul.
2. Also we get fibers, paper, rubber, gum and aromatic substances.
3. We get many medicinal plants like Adulsa, Bel, Neem, Periwinkle, Cinnamon, Cinchona which are used for treatment of various diseases like cough, cold, diarrhea, fever, cancer, diarrhoea, nausea, malaria.
4. We get fragrant essential oils from lemon grass, vanilla, kewada, khus, eucalyptus.
5. In addition to this we get fruits, bulbs and roots, honey, sealing wax, catechu, dyes from forest.

Question d.
What are the items included in ocean resources? What are their uses?
Answer:

1. Tons of minerals are found in ocean water.
2. They are tin, chromium, phosphates, copper, zinc, iron, lead, manganese, sulphur, uranium etc.
3. We also get many types of gems, conches, shells and pearls from the sea.
4. Mineral oil and natural gas is found at the bottom of sea.

Bio-resources in oceans

• Fishes – like pomfret, seer fish as also shrimps
• prawns – they are sources of proteins and vitamins, therefore, mainly used as sea food
• Dried shrimp, Bombay duck powder – used as poultry feed and is a good manure.
• Shells – used for preparation of medicines, ornaments and decorative articles.
• Fungi – used for the production of antibiotics.
• shark and cod fish – used for producing edible oil rich in Vitamins A, D and E.
• Sea cucumbers – used as medicine for treating cancer and tumours.

Mineral resources from oceans

• Thorium – used in the production of atomic energy.
• Magnesium – used in the flash bulb of a camera.
• Potassium – the main ingredient in production of soap, glass, fertilizer.
• Sodium – used in the production of cloth and paper.
• Sulphate – used in making artificial silk.

Question e.
Why should we prevent the wastage of fuels used for vehicles?
Answer:

1. Vehicles are powered by gasoline or diesel petrol.
2. Nowadays compressed natural gas (CNG) is also used.
3. Aviation petrol, gasoline, diesel, we get from petroleum after fractional distillation.
4. Petroleum is a non-renewable source of energy.
5. It is getting depleted day by day and the demand for fuel has increased greatly due to the rapidly growing population.
6. But the reserves of petroleum (fossil fuel) are limited.
7. It is becoming difficult to meet the increased demand. So we should prevent the wastage of fuel.

Question f.
Why is the diversity of plants and animals in the forests declining?
Answer:

1. The major causes of biodiversity decline are land use changes, pollution, changes in atmosphere, CO₂ concentration, changes in the nitrogen cycle, acid rain, climate alteration and introduction of exotic species.
2. All this is due to population growth.
3. This is the main cause of the loss of biodiversity. More of wood for fuel is been used, more land is required for food production, livestock grazing etc.
4. Rainforest land is converted to industrial and residential usage, so natural habitat of birds, animals is destroyed.
5. Due to population growth most of wild land is converted to crop land. So no space for animals to live, their natural habitat is destroyed.

Question g.
Write the names of five minerals and the useful substances obtained from them.
Answer:
Some important minerals and ores are:

1. Iron ore: It is used for making farming implements, rails of railway tracks etc.
2. Manganese: Compounds of manganese are used in the preparation of medicines and for giving a pink tinge to glass. Manganese is also used in electrical appliances.
3. Bauxite: It contains 55% Aluminium. Therefore, it is used mainly in aeroplanes, transport vehicles and to make electric wire.
4. Copper: It is used to make electric wires as well as in radios, telephones, vehicles, and for making kitchen utensils and statues.
5. Mica: Mica has many uses such as in ayurvedic medicines, dyes, electric machines and equipment, wireless communication equipment, etc.

Question h.
Name the two important stages in the process of obtaining metals from ores.
Answer:
The two important stages in the process of obtaining metals from ores are extraction and purification.

3. What steps are taken for protection and conservation of natural resources?

Question a
What steps are taken for protection and conservation of natural resources?
Answer:

1. Protection and conservation of natural resources is necessary to protect the natural world. (CNRM) Community Natural Resource Management has been promoted in recent years for biological conservation.
2. The World Conservation Union has been formed. It is the world’s leading authority and democratic platform in conservation and sustainability.
3. Young trees should not be cut. More and more trees need to be grown.
4. The stringent restrictions/ laws/ Regulations regarding use of forests should be strictly followed. Awareness is being created through Mass media.

4. Complete the Flow Chart:

Question a.

Answer:

5. How does the economic condition of a nation depend on its natural resources?

Question a.
How does the economic condition of a nation depend on its natural resources?
Answer:
1. Natural resources are a necessary condition for economic growth.
2. Three circles enclosed within one another shows how both economy and society are subsets of our planetary ecological system.

3. Natural resource economics deals with the supply, demand and allocation of the Earth’s natural resources.
4. Economic growth is an increase in the value of goods and services produced in an economy.
5. The natural resources of a country depend on the climatic and environmental conditions.
6. Countries having plenty of natural resources enjoy good growth than countries with small amount of natural resources.
7. A country having skilled and educated work force with rich natural resources takes the economy on the growth path, because skilled and educated people can efficiently utilize or exploit natural resources, e.g. Saudi Arabia: their economic growth is high, because they have oil wells.
8. All countries import fuel or oil from them so Saudi Arabia is economically a rich country.

6. Which medicinal plants will you grow on your school premises and near your house? Why?

Question a.
Which medicinal plants will you grow on your school premises and near your house? Why?
Answer:
1. I will grow tulsi, neem, lemon grass, bel, adulsa, periwinkle, cinnamon, ashwagandha, shatavari, amla, hirda, behda.
2. These plants are used for treatment of various diseases.

• Tulsi → for cough and cold.
• Amla, hirda, behda → Help in digestion of food or any stomach related problems.
• Adulsa → for cough and cold
• Bel → for Diarrhoea
• Neem → Fever and cold
• Periwinkle → Cancer
• Cinnamon → Diarrhoea, nausea.
• Cinchona → Malaria.
• Ashwagandha → It can reduce blood sugar levels. It can reduce stress and anxiety, may reduce symptom of depression.
• Shatavari → has been used for centuries in Ayurveda to support the reproductive system.
• Amla → Excellent source of vitamin C. Amla juice is best tonic to keep you younger for long.
• Hirda → This fruit is commonly called Haritaki. It is used for treating arthritis, dental problems like caries, bleeding gums.
• Behda →(Beleric) is a rejuvenative and laxative, proves beneficial for hair, throat and eyes.
• Tulsi → Tulsi has germicidal, fungicidal, anti-bacterial anti-biotic properties, cures fever. Treats diabetes, protects the heart. Tulsi has anti-oxidant component Eugenol which keeps one’s blood pressure under control.

Project:

Question 1.
Collect conches and shells of various shapes and colours and make a decorative article.

Question 2.
Collect information about the mines of various minerals.

Class 7 Science Chapter 16 Natural Resources Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
………….. is the major raw material for biogas.
Answer:
cow dung

Question 2.
Atomic energy is obtained by using ores of ………….. .
Answer:
Uranium

Question 3.
Biogas generation is mainly based on the principle of ………….. .
Answer:
Fermentation

Question 4.
Floods can be prevented by ………….. .
Answer:
Afforestation

Question 5.
Coal, petroleum, natural gas are ………….. resources.
Answer:
non-renewable

Question 6.
The total percent of land of world under forest cover is ………….. .
Answer:
30%

Question 7.
A naturally occurring substance ………….. .
Answer:
minerals

Question 8.
Minerals that contain a high proportion of metal are called ………….. .
Answer:
ore

Question 9.
Coal, mineral oil and natural gas are ………….. .
Answer:
fossil fuel

Question 10.
Deposits of common salt are also found in the earth. This salt is called ………….. .
Answer:
rock salt

Question 11.
………….. is the liquid fuel formed by the decomposition of organic substances.
Answer:
Mineral oil

Question 12.
The underground mineral oil is extracted through ………….. .
Answer:
oil wells

Question 13.
Mineral oil is also known as ………….. or ………….. .
Answer:
petroleum, crude oil

Question 14.
………….. are the preserved remains of dead organisms in rock.
Answer:
Fossil

Question 15.
Coal can be formed from ………….. .
Answer:
Fossils

Question 16.
Impurities of sand and soil in ore are called ………….. .
Answer:
Gangue

Question 17.
Coal mainly contains ………….. .
Answer:
carbon

Question 18.
Petroleum is formed from ………….. .
Answer:
organisms in sea

Question 19.
Separation of various fractions of petroleum is called ………….. .
Answer:
Refining

Question 20.
We can obtain minerals from rocks by ………….. .
Answer:
mining

Question 21.
………….. is the most important ore of aluminium
Answer:
Bauxite

Question 22.
………….. is the coal of the highest grade.
Answer:
Anthracite

Question 23.
Metals are obtained from their ore by ………….. and ………….. .
Answer:
extraction, purification

Question 24.
………….. is the largest oil and gas research and production company in India.
Answer:
ONGC

Question 25.
Natural gas is transformed under high pressure into ………….. and ………….. .
Answer:
LNG and CNG

Question 26.
The main component of Natural gas is ………….. .
Answer:
Methane

Question 27.
………….. and ………….. are used for adding fragrance in soaps and incense sticks.
Answer:
Sandalwood and oil of Encalyptus

Question 28.
………….. is a natural herbal medicine for cough and cold.
Answer:
Adulsa

Answer the following:

Question 1.
What is meant by natural resources?
Answer:

1. We get many substances from nature.
2. They satisfy a variety of our daily needs. Soil, stones, minerals, air, water, plants and animals on the earth are all various kinds of natural resources.

Question 2.
What are alternative fuels?
Answer:
Hydrogen, biofuels, methanol or wood alcohol, ethanol or green alcohol are some of the alternative fuels.

Question 3.
What is meant by fuels?
Answer:

1. Fuel is a substance that is used in day-to-day life and burned to generate energy.
2. Fuels such as coal, wood, oil, gas provide energy when burned.
3. Fuels are found in solid, liquid or gaseous state.

Question 4.
Which natural resources do we use as fuels?
Answer:
We use coal, mineral oil and natural gas as fuels.

Question 5.
What is meant by forests?
Answer:
An extensive area of land covered by a variety of plants is called a forest. A forest is a natural habitat of plants, animals and microbes.

Question 6.
What are the uses of forests?
OR
Write short note on forest and its uses.
Answer:

1. A forest is a natural habitat of plants, animals and microbes.
2. Forest help improve and maintain the quality of environment.
3. Forest helps in prevention of soil-erosion, help to control floods, protects wild life, maintains the balance of atmospheric gases.
4. We get many medicinal plants from forest which help in treatment of various diseases.
5. Examples Adulsa, Bel, Neem, periwinkle, amla tulsi, cinnamon.
6. We also get wood, firewood from trees like teak, mahogani, neem, sababhul. Wood is useful for making furniture, farming implements, in construction work.
7. Forest wealth includes fibres, paper, rubber, gum and aromatic substances.
8. We get fragrant essential oils from lemon grass, vanilla, kewada and eucalyptus.
9. They are used for making soaps, cosmetics and incense sticks. We get various fruits, bulbs, roots, honey, sealing wax, catechu dyes etc. from forest.

Question 7.
Are minerals to be found in seas and on the seabed as they are found inside the earth?
Answer:
Yes, there are very large reserves of tin chromium, phosphates, copper, zinc, iron, lead, manganese, sulphur, uranium etc. in the ocean and seabed.

Question 8.
How is mineral oil formed?
Answer:

1. Mineral oil is the liquid fuel formed by the decomposition of organic substances buried underground.
2. Millions of years ago, bodies of dead sea organisms sank to the bottom of the sea.
3. Layers of soil and sand collected on them.
4. Due to high pressure and temperature the remains of the dead organisms were transformed into mineral oil.
5. The underground mineral oil is extracted through oil wells.

Use your brain power!

Question 1.
Why are all minerals not ores?
Answer:

1. Minerals that contain a high proportion of metal are called ores.
2. Majority of the metals occur in the form of compounds called ores.
3. But all minerals are not ores.
4. Few metals like gold, silver, copper, platinum and bismuth occur in free state in nature. So all minerals are not ores.

Question 2.
What is meant by metal mineral and non¬metal mineral?
Answer:

1. Metal-minerals contain metallic elements in their chemical formula. So they are called metal-minerals, for example, iron, copper, gold, silver etc.
2. They contain metal in raw form.
3. Non-metallic minerals do not contain metal elements in their inorganic chemical formula Example, Clay, Diamond, Dolomite, Gypsum, Mica, Quartz.

Question 3.
Why is mineral oil called ‘liquid gold’?
Answer:
Because of its high price and value and its economic need, the mineral oil is called liquid gold. It’s reserve is less and demand is more.

Question 4.
Why is coal called black gold?
Answer:

1. Coal is a storehouse of carbon. Coal is used as a fuel, in thermal power plants as well as to run boilers and railway engines.
2. It is used as a fuel for cooking and for baking bricks in kilns on a large scale.
3. The gaseous fuels, producer gas and water gas are obtained from coal.
4. Coal as an energy resource, contributes greatly to industrial development.
5. As coal is black in colour and worth a lot of money just like gold, it is called black gold.

Question 5.
What would happen if underground mineral resources are exhausted?
Answer:

1. Coal, petroleum and other mineral are all non-renewable sources of energy.
2. The reserve is less and demand is more. They would get exhausted one day.
3. If such a situation occurs, we will not get electricity.
4. All our household and industries depend on electricity.
5. Transportation and household items, and food items would become very costly.
6. The survival of human life will be ver\ difficult.

Question 6.
Why is natural gas an eco-friendly fuel?
Answer:

1. Natural gas is an important source of energy which is eco-friendly because of its low carbon dioxide emission.
2. When burned it produces 45% less CO₂ than coal, 30% less than oil, and about 15% less than wood.
3. It does not produce carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide or airborne particles, all of which are harmful to human and animal health.
4. It is referred as the clean energy source and is fuel for the present century as it does not ‘ pollute the atmosphere or contribute to global warming.

Question 7.
What useful things will we have to do without if rubber is no longer available?
Answer:

1. Rubber has played a largely hidden role in global environment history for more than 150 years.
2. In industries, rubber is needed to connect and protect all moving parts of machines.
3. Native people used rubber for rubber boots.
4. Household uses rubber in everything viz dish washing gloves, toys, jar seals, tyres in vehicles.
5. Welcome mat at the door, Boots, raincoats, mattress cushions, earplugs, hot water bottles, surgical tubing and gloves, in labs, birth control device.
6. In schools rubber bands, erasers, mouse pads, key board, rolling chair wheels. Head phone pads, rubber stamps are useful items used in schools and offices.

Question 8.
What are the adverse effects of clearing of forest or cutting down trees?
Answer:

1. Clearing of forest is also called Deforestation.
2. Removal or cutting down of trees has resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity.
3. If has adverse impacts on concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. (Trees use up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for the process of photosynthesis.)
4. Deforestation is a main contributor to global warming. Major cause of enhanced greenhouse effect. Deforestation cause carbon dioxide to linger in the atmosphere.
5. Deforestation reduced the content of water in the soil and ground water and atmospheric moisture, because trees extract ground water through the roots and release it into the atmosphere.
6. When a part of forest is removed the trees no longer transpire this water, resulting in much drier climate.
7. Due to deforestation soil erosion and flooding, landslide problems occur.
8. Deforestation results in decline in biodiversity, on a natural global scale is known to cause the extinction of many species.
9. Forest is habitat for wild life, and many medicinal plants. If forests are removed it will affect wild life and also we will not get medicinal plants.

Find out:

Question 1.
How did the various ages of the prehistoric period get their names on the basis of the uses of metals.
Answer:
1. The three-age system in history archaeology, and physical anthropology is a methodological concept adopted during the 19th century by which artifacts and events of late prehistory and early history could be ordered into a recognizable chronology.

2. Initially developed by C. J. Thomson, director of the Royal Museum of Nordic Antiquities, Copenhagen – as a means to classify the museum’s collection according to whether the artifacts were made of stone, bronze or iron.

3. Depending-upon the use of stone, bronze, iron, that period was known as stone age, bronze age, and iron age, respectively.

Answer the following:

Question 1.
Write down the difference between Metal minerals and Non-metallic minerals.
Answer:

Metal minerals	Non-metallic minerals
1. Metal minerals contain metal in raw form.	1. Non-metallic minerals do not contain metal.
2. These metals are generally associated with igenous rocks.	2. These metals are generally associated with sedimentary rocks.
3. They are usually hard and have shine of their own.	3. They are not usually hard, have no shine of their own.
4. e.g. Iron, copper tine, bauxite.	4. e.g. Salt, coal, mica, clay.

Question 2.
Write down the different types of coal.
Answer:
Peat, lignite (brown coal), bituminous coal and anthracite are various types of coal.
Anthracite is the coal of the highest grade.

Question 3.
Write down the characteristics of Compressed Natural Gas.
Answer:
Characteristics of CNG:

1. Catches fire easily.
2. No solid waste remains after combustion.
3. Carbon dioxide and water are formed in small quantities.
4. Other pollutants are not produced.
5. Can be transported easily.
6. Combustion can be controlled easily.

Observe the pictures and answer the question.

Question a.
What is the process shown in the given picture?
Answer:
The process shown is formation of mineral oil and natural gas.

Question b.
Explain the process.
Answer:

1. Mineral oil is the liquid fuel formed by the decomposition of organic substances buried underground.
2. Millions of years ago, bodies of dead sea organisms sank to the bottom of the sea.
3. Layers of soil and sand collected on them.
4. Due to high pressure and temperature the remains of the dead organisms were transformed into mineral oil.
5. The underground mineral oil is extracted through oil wells.

Question c.
What are the gaseous substances formed in the above process?
Answer:
Natural gas is also formed along with mineral oil. It contains methane, ethane, propane and butane gases.

Question d.
When the products of the process is refined, what other components are produced?
Answer:
When mineral oil is refined by fractional distillation products produced are petrol, diesel, kerosene, naphtha lubricating oil, tar, etc.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 20 In the World of Stars Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 20 In the World of Stars

Class 7 Science Chapter 20 In the World of Stars Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write the proper words in the blanks:
(meridian, horizon, twelve, nine, apparent, celestial, ecliptic)

Question a.
When seen from a great distance, the sky seems to be touching the ground along a circle. This circle is called the …………… .
Answer:
horizon

Question b.
The ………….. is used while defining the zodiac sign.
Answer:
meridian

Question c.
Classified according to seasons, one season will have ………… nakshatras.
Answer:
nine

Question d.
The rising of the sun in the east and its setting in the west is the ………. motion of the sun.
Answer:
apparent

2. A star rises at 8 pm. tonight. At what time will it rise after a month? Why?

Question a.
A star rises at 8 pm. tonight. At what time will it rise after a month? Why?
Answer:

1. Str s rise and set 4 minutes earlier every day. If star rises at 8 pm tonight, it will rise at 7:56 pm tomorrow.
2. It will rise at 5:24 pm after a month.
3. The sun and the moon are seen to move from the west to the east against the background of stars.
4. The sun moves through one degree every day and the moon through 12 to 13 degrees.
5. This happens due to the motion of the earth around the sun and the moon around the earth which affects the duration of the stars and shortens its time period.

3. What is meant by “The sun enters a nakshatra?” It is said that in the rainy season the sun enters the mrug nakshatra. What does it mean?

Question a.
What is meant by “The sun enters a nakshatra?” It is said that in the rainy season the sun enters the mrug nakshatra. What does it mean?
Answer:

1. When we look at the sun we see not only the sun but also constellation behind the sun.
2. The constellation cannot be seen in bright sunlight but it is indeed present behind the sun.
3. As the earth changes its position, a different constellation or zodiac sign or raashi appears behind the sun.
4. This is what we express when we say that the sun enters a particular zodiac sign or raashi.
5. In rainy season due to the perceived motion of the sun, it enters mrug nakshatra and that is how it is expressed.

4. Answer the following questions. 

Question a.
What is a constellation?
Answer:
A group of stars occupying a small portion of the celestial sphere is called a constellation.

Question b.
What points should be considered before a skywatch?
Answer:

1. The place for sky watching should be away from the city and as far as possible it should be new moon night.
2. Binoculars or telescopes should be used for skywatch.
3. Identifying the pole star in the north makes the skywatch easier. Hence the pole star should be used as a reference point for skywatch.
4. As the stars in the west set early, sky watching should begin with stars in the west.
5. (a) On a sky map, the north and south are towards the bottom and top of the map respectively, (b) This is because the sky map is to be held overhead in such a way that the direction we face is at the bottom side.

Question c.
It is wrong to say that the planets, stars and nakshatras affect human life. Why?
Answer:

1. Science has proved that the constituents of the solar system e.g. planets, satellites and comets as also distant stars and constellations do not have any influence on human life.
2. Man has stepped on the moon and will conquer Mars in the 21st century.
3. Hence, in this age of science, holding on to beliefs which have been proved wrong by numerous scientific tests, is an unnecessary waste of time and energy.
4. It is important to consider all these issues with a scientific frame of mind.

5. Write a paragraph on the birth and life cycle of stars using following figure.

Question a.
Write a paragraph on the birth and life cycle of stars using following figure.
Answer:
Stars are born out of nebulae. Nebulae are clouds made up mainly of hydrogen gas and dust particles which are attracted towards one another by the force of gravity, (i) As a result of pressure, the internal temperature increases and the cloud becomes dense and spherical in shape, (ii) From the diagram, life cycle of two stars can be explained.

(a) Ordinary star: (i) The ordinary star forms a Red giant star at the later stage of its evolution when it runs out of hydrogen gas at its core. (ii) At the end stage of its life it forms a white dwarf. Stars like the sun become white dwarf when its nuclear fuel is totally exhausted. (iii) It is 1% in diameter of its original size.

(b) Massive Star: (i) Massive star forms Red super giant star at the end of its life cycle, (ii) They are also called super red giants with a relatively cool outer surface, (iii) Supernova is the explosive death of the star of the end of its life with the brightness of 100 million stars in a short amount of time, (iv) A neutron star is the dense core of the supernova. (v) It is the smallest and the densest star known to exist with a 10 km radius, (vi) Neutron stars sometimes end as a black hole, (vii) Black holes are not seen from telescopes and are identified by their intense gravitational pull where even light cannot escape.

Project:

Question a.
Visit a planetarium, collect information and present it in your school on Science day.

Class 7 Science Chapter 20 In the World of Stars Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
The different group of stars is known as ………….. .
Answer:
constellation

Question 2.
The pole star is ………….. .
Answer:
North star

Question 3.
The moon moves around the earth in about ………….. days.
Answer:
27 days

Question 4.
The celestial objects are ………….. .
Answer:
The stars

Question 5.
The star that lies close to the aris of rotation of the earth ………….. .
Answer:
Pole star

Question 6.
The definite elliptical path in which a planet revolves around the sun is called ………….. .
Answer:
Orbit

Question 7.
Our earth as well as the sun belongs to the galaxy which has a spiral shape called ………….. .
Answer:
milky way

Question 8.
………….. is made up of five bright stars which are distributed along the figure of the letter M.
Answer:
Sharmishtha

Question 9.
The pole star has ……………. on one-side and ……………… on the other.
Answer:
Saptarashi, Sharmishtha

Question 10.
The continuous empty space between the planets and stars in the sky is called ………….. .
Answer:
space

Name the following:

Question 1.
The brightest star in the nakshatra.
Answer:
Yogatara

Question 2.
The stars forming a group that has a recognizable shape.
Answer:
Constellation

Question 3.
Millions of stars and planets present in the sky forming a group.
Answer:
Milky way

Question 4.
The clouds from which stars are bom.
Answer:
Nebulae

Question 5.
Saptarshi constellation in English.
Answer:
Great Bear

Question 6.
The festival celebrated when sun enters Makar raashi.
Answer:
Makara Sankranti

Question 7.
The brightest star in the Orion constellation.
Answer:
Sirius

State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the false statements:

Question 1.
The hydrogen gas and dust particles in a nebulae are attracted towards each other by gravity.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
While standing on the ground, the celestial sphere exactly below our feet is called the Zenith.
Answer:
False. The point on the celestial sphere exactly above our head is called the Zenith

Question 3.
The circle describing the apparent motion of the earth around the sun is called the ecliptic.
Answer:
False. Ecliptic is the apparent motion of sun around the earth

Question 4.
Vrushchik or Scorpio is a constellation with 10 to 12 stars.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Makar raashi is also known as Capricorn zodiac sign.
Answer:
True

Match the following:

Question a.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Saptarshi	a. Divided into 88 constellations
2. Mmg nakshatra.	b. In the north direction.
3. Orion	c. Group of 7 bright stars (kite)
4. Vrushchik	d. Made up of 5 bright stars (M)
5. Pole star	e. 7 – 8 stars.
6. Celestial sphere	f. Group of 10 -12 stars

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Saptarshi	c. Group of 7 bright stars (kite)
2. Mmg nakshatra.	d. Made up of 5 bright stars (M)
3. Orion	e. 7 – 8 stars.
4. Vrushchik	a. Divided into 88 constellations
5. Pole star	b. In the north direction.
6. Celestial sphere	f. Group of 10 -12 stars

Answer in one line:

Question 1.
In which direction stars move in the sky except polar star?
Answer:
When seen from earth, stars appear to move from east to west.

Question 2.
What activity does IUCAA carry out?
Answer:
IUCAA which is present in PUNE carries out fundamental research in astronomy.

Question 3.
Define constellation.
Answer: A group of stars occupying a small portion of the celestial sphere is called constellation.

Question 4.
What is Nakshatra?
Answer:
The moon completes one revolution around the earth in approximately 27 days. The portion celestial sphere traversed by the moon in one day is called a nakshatra.

Question 5.
What is yogatara?
Answer:
A nakshatra is known from the brightest star that it contains. The brightest star is called the yogatara.

Define the following:

Question 1.
Horizon
Answer:
Far away the sky seems to be touching the ground. The line at which they meet is caled horizon.

Question 2.
Zenith
Answer:
While standing on the ground the point on the celestial sphere exactly above our head is called the Zenith.

Question 3.
Nadir
Answer:
While standing on the ground the point on the celestial sphere exactly below our feet is called the nadir.

Question 4.
Meridian
Answer:
The great circle which passes through both the celestial poles and the observer’s zenith and nadir is called a meridian.

Question 5.
Celestial equator
Answer:
If we uniformly expand earth’s equator in all directions indefinitely, it will penetrate the celestial sphere along a circle. This circle is known as the celestial equator.

Question 6.
Ecliptic
Answer:
The earth moves around the sun, but seen from the earth, the sun appears to move along a circle on the celestial sphere. This circle describing the apparent motion of the sun around the ‘ earth is called the ecliptic.

Question 7.
Zodiac sign
Answer:
The ecliptic has been imagined to divided into 12 equal parts. Each part subtends 30 degrees at the centre of the celestial sphere. Each of these part is called a raashi or zodiac sign.

Question 8.
Mrug Nakshatra or Orion
Answer:
It has 7 – 8 starts of which four are at the comers of quadrangle. The line passing through the three middle stars of the constellation when extended meets a very bright star. This is Vyadh or Sirius.

Find out.

Answer the following questions

Question 1.
Using a Marathi calendar collect information about 27 nakshatras, and divide them into the following 3 categories.
(i) Monsoon Nakshatra (ii) Winter Nakshatra (iii) Summer Nakshatra
Answer:
27 nakshtras: Ashwini, Bharani, Krittika, Rohini, Mrigashirasha, Ardra, Punarvasu, Pushya, Ashlesha, Magha, PurvaPhalguni, Uttara Phalguni, Hasta, Chitra, Swati, Vishakha, Anuradha, Jyeshtha, Mula, Purva Ashadha, Uttara Ashadha, Abhijit, Shravana, Dhanishtha, Shatabhishta, Purva Bhadrapada, Uttara Bhadrapada, Revati

Monsoon Season	Winter Season	Summer Season
Ashwini Karthe	Krittika	Visakha
Bharani Karthe	Rohini	Anuradha
Arudra Karthe	Mrigashirsha	Jyeshtha
Pushyani	Ardra	Mula

Aslesha	Punarvasu	Purva Ashadha
Magha		Uttara Ashadha
Purva Phalguni		Shravana
Uttara Phalguni
Chitra
Hasta

Question 2.
Write the difference between constellations Saptarshi and Mrug nakshatra
Answer:

Saptarshi	Mrug nakshatra
1. It is made up of five bright stars which are distributed along the figure of the letter M.	1. It is made up of seven-eight stars of which four are at the corners of a quadrangle.
2. Pole star is the brightest star in the constellation.	2. Sirius is the brigh jveutr0n Starie constellation.
3. It is on the meridian in the month of April and in the month of October.	3. It is on the meridian in the month of February and in June.
4. In English, it is called the Great Bear.	4. In English, it is called Orion.

Question 3.
Draw sketches to show the relative position of prominent stars in Ursa major and Orion.
Answer:
a. Ursa major (Saptarshi) appears like a big dipper, (or kite shape). There are 3 bright stars in the handle and 4 stars in the bowl of the dipper. (It can be seen during April in summer in northern skies).

(b) Orion appears like a hunter. Three bright stars appear in the belt, 5 bright stars are arranged in the form of a quadrilateral. (It is visible during winter in the northern skies)

Question 4.
Why is the pole star important for sky watch?
Answer:

1. Identifying the Pole Star in the north makes the sky watch easier. Hence the pole star should be used as a reference point for skywatch.
2. If we extend one side of the quadrangle of Saptarshi, it reaches the Pole Star.
   The pole star has Saptarshi on one side and Sharmishtha on the other.

Question 5.
What is the relation between the pole star and the constellations Saptarshi and Sharmishtha?
Answer:

1. Saptarshi is in the shape of a quandrangle with a tail made up 3 stars resembling a kite. If we extend one side of the quadrangle it reaches the Pole Star.
2. The constellations of Saptarshi and Sharmishtha are useful in locating the Pole Star.
3. The perpendicular bisector of the line joining the third and fourth stars in Sharmishtha goes towards the Pole star.
4. The Pole Star has Saptarshi on one side and Sharmishtha on the other.

Use your brain power!

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
One Zodiac Sign = ………….. nakshatras
Answer:
27 nakshatras. Each nakshatra is divided in padas or charan. Every nakshatra has 4 padas. These 27 nakshatra complete the entire circle of 360° of zodiac.
The zodiac comprises of 360°.

Question 2.
Is sun the only star present in our Milky Way galaxy?
Answer:
No. Sun is not the only star present in the Milky Way. There are lakhs of stars in the Milky Way, some of them being many times bigger than our sun. Some of them have their own planetary systems with a great diversity in colour, brightness, as well as size.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 13 Changes – Physical and Chemical Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 13 Changes – Physical and Chemical

Class 7 Science Chapter 13 Changes – Physical and Chemical Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Distinguish between the following.

Question a.
Physical change and Chemical change
Answer:

Physical changes	Chemical changes
1. In a physical change material may change its	1. A change which after physical properties and
shape, size, texture or state.	composition also.
2. No new compound is formed.	2. New compound /substance is formed due to chemical change.
3. The change is temporary. It is reversible.	3. The change is permanent and irreversible.
4. Examples: Evaporation of water, boiling of water, melting of ice.	4. Examples: Burning of wood, paper, souring of milk, digestion of food, rusting of iron.

Question b.
Periodic changes and Non-periodic change
Answer:

Periodic changes	Non-periodic change
1. Some changes occur again and again after a definite interval of time. Such changes are called periodic changes.	1. In this, certain changes will recur after one occurrence, it cannot be said for sure, even if they occur interval is not fixed. Such changes are called non-periodic changes.
2.  Examples: movement of clock hands in clock showing time, change of season, day and night formation, heart beat, ripening of fruit, rising and setting of the sun.	2. Examples: volcanic eruption, occurrence of an earthquake, tsunami, forest fires, freezing of water to form ice, sneezing, rusting of iron.
3. They repeat themselves after a fixed interval of time.	3. They do not repeat themselves after a fixed interval of time.

Question c.
Natural change and Man-made change
Answer:

Natural change	Man-made change
1. Changes that occur naturally on its own are called natural changes.	1. Changes that are result of human activity. Such changes are called man-made.
2. Examples ripening of a fruit, spoiling of milk, change in the climate	2. Burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, pollution of air, water and soil.

2. Under which different types can the following changes be classified?

Question a.
Conversion of milk into yoghurt.
Answer:
Manmade (useful).

Question b.
Bursting of cracker.
Answer:
Manmade (fast change).

Question c.
Occurrence of an earthquake.
Answer:
Non-periodic.

Question d.
Revolution of earth around the sun.
Answer:
Periodic. (Natural change)

Question e.
Stretching of a spring.
Answer:
Physical, reversible change.

3. Give reasons.

Question a.
While purchasing canned food, its expiry date should be checked.
Answer:

1. Canned food is processed food.
2. After certain period of time it may get spoilt due to some growth of micro-organism it may get intoxicated.
3. If we consume such food we may get food poisoning, so we should check the expiry date.

Question b.
An iron article should be given a coat of paint.
Answer:

1. When an iron article is kept for long time it gets corroded due to presence of oxygen in atmosphere.
2. Iron gets oxidized to iron oxide which forms a reddish brown layer on it and iron gets rusted.
3. It is called corrosion. Due to corrosion things become weak.
4. So an iron article should be given a coat of paint so that it is protected against corrosion.
5. Paint gives protection to iron.

Question c.
A Wooden article should be polished.
Answer:

1. When a wooden article comes in contact with moisture there is possibility of fungal growth and also termites will make wooden article brittle and break.
2. So a wooden article should be polished which forms a protective layer.
3. It does not allow the wooden article to get decayed by moisture or attacked by termite.

Question d.
Copper and brass utensils should be tinned.
Answer:

1. Due to corrosion of copper or brass a greenish layer is seen to form on it.
2. So to protect copper and brass utensils from corrosion they are coated with tin.
3. This process is called thinning.

Question e.
A dry handkerchief gets wet at once on dipping in water, but it takes long for a wet handkerchief to dry.
Answer:

1. The dry fibres of handkerchief absorbs water to its maximum capacity immediately that is why handkerchief gets wet at once.
2. When wet handkerchief dries, all the water absorbed has to become water vapour by evaporation.
3. This depends on surrounding air and heat.
4. That is why wet handkerchief takes a long time to dry.

4. What will you take into account while identifying the following:

Question a.
A physical change in a substance.
Answer:
I will take into account the following facts.

1. Whether the shape, size or state of the substance is changed.
2. Whether it is a temporary change.
3. Whether it is a reversible change.

Question b.
A chemical change in a substance.
Answer:
I will take into account the following facts.

1. Whether a new substance is formed.
2. Whether it is a permanent change.
3. Whether it is a non-reversible change.

5. Read the paragraph and note down the various types of changes it mentions.

Question a.
Read the paragraph and note down the various types of changes it mentions.
It was nearing six o’clock in the evening. The sun was setting. A breeze was blowing. Leaves on the tree were shaking. Sahil was sitting in the courtyard, rolling balls of wet soil and shaping them into various toys. Then he felt hungry and went into the house. Mother made a dough from wheat flour and fried purees. While eating hot purees, his attention was drawn outside the window. It had started raining. There was lighting too. Sahil was enjoying his dinner in the dim light.
Answer:

1. Clock showing six o’clock time – It is a periodic change.
2. Sun was setting – A periodic change.
3. Breeze was blowing – A natural change.
4. Leaves shaking – A natural change.
5. Making toys from wet soil – Physical change.
6. Making dough from wheat flour – Physical change
7. Frying purees – Chemical change.
8. Raining – Natural change.
9. Lightning – Natural change.

Project:

Question a.
Visit a place where work like powder coating. spray painting is done. Make a note of the information you obtain.

Class 7 Science Chapter 13 Changes – Physical and Chemical Important Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks and rewrite the sentences:

Question 1.
Burning of candle is a ………………. change.
Answer:
chemical

Question 2.
Cooking of vegetable is ………………. change.
Answer:
useful

Question 3.
A man painted his main gate made up of iron to prevent it from ………………. .
Answer:
rusting

Question 4.
Galvanization is a process used to prevent the rusting of ………………. .
Answer:
iron

Question 5.
Making sugar solution is a ………………. change.
Answer:
physical

Question 6.
A physical change is generally ………………. .
Answer:
temporary

Question 7.
Grinding of wheat grain changes its size, it is a ………………. .
Answer:
physical change

Question 8.
Iron benches kept in lawns and gardens get rusted. It is a change because a new ………………. is formed.
Answer:
chemical, product.

State whether the following statements are True or False. Correct and rewrite the false statement:

Question 1.
Iron and rust are the same substance.
Answer:
False, Rust is oxide of iron.

Question 2.
Iron pipes coated with zinc do not get rusted easily.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change.
Answer:
False, it is a chemical change.

Question 4.
Cutting a log of wood into pieces is a chemical change.
Answer:
False, it is a physical change.

Question 5.
Digestion of food is a chemical change.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
Melting of wax is a chemical change.
Answer:
False, it is a physical change.

Question 7.
Dissolving sugar in water is physical change.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Changes in which new substances are formed are called physical changes.
Answer:
False, they are called chemical change.

Question 9.
Breaking down of larger food particles into smaller particles is a chemical change.
Answer:
False, it is a chemical change.

Question 10.
Setting of curd is a physical change.
Answer:
False, it is a chemical change.

Question 11.
Heating of iron is a physical change.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
Cooking a vegetable is chemical change.
Answer:
True

Question 13.
Freezing water into ice is a chemical change.
Answer:
False, it is a physical change

Define the following.

Question 1.
Physical change:
Answer:
In a physical change the material may change shapes or forms but no new compounds are formed and change can generally be reversed by reversing the conditions.

Question 2.
Chemical change
Answer:
A chemical change produces a new substance having new and different properties and which cannot be reversed by reversing the conditions.

Question 3.
Periodic change
Answer:
Some changes occur again and again after . a definite interval of time, such changes are called periodic changes.

Question 4.
Non-periodic change
Answer:
Changes that do not repeat themselves after a fixed interval of time are called non-periodic changes.

Question 5.
Reversible change
Answer:
The changes that can occur in a forward and reverse direction again and again are called reversible changes.

Question 6.
Irreversible change.
Answer:
The changes which we cannot reverse back to same thing are called Irreversible changes e.g. Burning of wood, paper.

Question 7.
Condensation
Answer:
The process by which matter changes from its vapour or gaseous state into its liquid state by cooling is called condensation.

Question 8.
Corrosion of metals
Answer:
When an iron article rusts, a reddish brown layer (of iron oxide) forms on it. A greenish layer is seen to form on a copper article. This is called corrosion of metals.

Question 9.
Galvanization
Answer:
Iron articles are given a thin coat of zinc to prevent corrosion this is called galvanization.

Question 10.
Tinning
Answer:
Copper and brass articles are coated with tin. This is called tinning.

Question 11.
Natural change
Answer:
Changes that occur naturally like ripening of a fruit, spoiling of milk are called natural changes.

Question 12.
Man-made change
Answer:
Man-made changes are result of human- activity. E.g. Burning of fossil fuel.

Question 13.
Useful change
Answer:
Many changes such as baking bread, cooking food are useful to us, they are called useful changes.

Question 14.
Harmful change
Answer:
The changes that are not useful or changes that harms living things or the environment are called harmful changes.

Name or Give two example of:

Question 1.
Two physical changes.
Answer:

1. Melting of wax
2. Melting of ice

Question 2.
Two chemical changes.
Answer:

1. Burning of wax candle
2. Burning of wood or paper.

Question 3.
Two periodic changes.
Answer:

1. Occurrence of day and night
2. change of seasons

Question 4.
Two non-periodic changes.
Answer:

1. A meteor moving across the sky.
2. A bird sitting on a tree flies away.

Question 5.
Two reversible changes.
Answer:

1. Melting of wax.
2. Freezing water into ice.

Question 6.
Two irreversible changes.
Answer:

1. Ripening of a mango.
2. Burning of wood

Question 7.
Two natural changes.
Answer:

1. Lighting in the sky.
2. Earthquake.

Question 8.
Two manmade changes.
Answer:

1. Baking bread
2. Cooking food.

Question 9.
Two useful changes.
Answer:

1. Ripening of mango
2. Curdling of milk.

Question 10.
Two harmful changes.
Answer:

1. Spoiling of milk.
2. Air pollution.

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Photosynthesis	a. Physical change.
2. Dissolving sugar in water	b. Chemical change
3. Burning of wood	c. Man-made change.
4. Melting of wax	d. Periodic changes.
5. Digestion of food	e. Non-periodic change
6. Heartbeat	f. Chemical change.
7. Occurrence of earthquake.	g. Physical change.
8. Deforestation	h. Chemical change.

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Photosynthesis	b. Chemical change
2. Dissolving sugar in water	a. Physical change.
3. Burning of wood	f. Chemical change.
4. Melting of wax	g. Physical change.
5. Digestion of food	h. Chemical change.
6. Heartbeat	d. Periodic changes.
7. Occurrence of earthquake.	e. Non-periodic change
8. Deforestation	c. Man-made change.

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Depositing a layer of zinc on Iron	a. Tinning
2. Souring of milk	b. Rust
3. Curdling of milk	c. Galvanization
4. Iron oxide	d.  Chemical changes
5. Depositing layer of tin on copper and brass article.	e. Man-made changes.

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Depositing a layer of zinc on Iron	c. Galvanization
2. Souring of milk	d.  Chemical changes
3. Curdling of milk	e. Man-made changes.
4. Iron oxide	b. Rust
5. Depositing layer of tin on copper and brass article.	a. Tinning

Distinguish between the following.

Question 1.
Reversible change and Irreversible change
Answer:

Reversible change	Irreversible change
1. The changes that can occur in a forward and reverse direction again and again is called reversible.	1. The changes which we can not reverse back to some thing are called irreversible change.
2. E.g.: (a) Melting a wax candle and obtaining the original solid wax again, (b) Stretching a rubber or spring.	2. E.g.: Burning of paper or wood cannot be undone. Wood cannot be obtained from the ash.

Under which different types can be following changes be classified:

Question 1.
Formation of curd from milk.
Answer:
Manmade change (useful), chemical

Question 2.
Burning of wood or paper.
Answer:
Manmade, chemical change.

Question 3.
Glowing of bulb.
Answer:
Manmade (fast).

Question 4.
Rusting of iron.
Answer:
Chemical change (harmful)

Question 5.
Burning of Camphor.
Answer:
Chemical change

Question 6.
Souring of milk.
Answer:
chemical change (harmful)

Question 7.
Digestion of food.
Answer:
Chemical change (useful), irreversible

Question 8.
Change of season.
Answer:
Periodic change, natural change

Question 9.
Day and night formation.
Answer:
Periodic change

Question 10.
Heartbeat.
Answer:
Periodic change

Question 11.
Water pollution.
Answer:
Manmade, harmful change

Question 12.
Air pollution.
Answer:
Manmade, harmful change

Question 13.
Burning of fossil fuel
Answer:
Manmade (irreversible change)

Question 14.
Ripening of fruit.
Answer:
Natural, chemical

Question 15.
Change-in climate.
Answer:
Natural, periodic

Question 16.
Melting of ice into water
Answer:
Physical change

Question 17.
Germination of seed.
Answer:
Natural, slow, desirable.

Question 18.
Bursting of balloon.
Answer:
Irreversible change (fast).

Give reasons:

Question 1.
The burning of wax is a chemical change
Answer:

1. Because when the cotton wick embedded in the candle is burnt, ash and smoke is formed.
2. It is not possible to make wick again from the smoke and ash.

Can you tell?

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
We see many man-made materials in our day-to-day life. For what purpose are they produced.
Answer:
We see many man-made matrical in our day to day life. For example,

1. Air conditioners for getting cool air in houses offices and cars.
2. Wooden furniture made from wood obtained by cutting trees.
3. Refrigerators to protect food from spoiling.

Question 2.
You made a link from the glass piece. How will you change the shape of the link to give it its original shape?
Answer:
Heat the glass piece again at the link. When it becomes soft break it.

Question 3.
How will you restore the original candle after melting one ?
Answer:
Collect the melted wax and give the required shape when it is soft.

Question 4.
What comes after daytime?
Answer:
Night time (periodic change)

Question 5.
What is the next stage after sunrise?
Answer:
Sunset (periodic change)

Question 6.
What comes after a high tide in the sea?
Answer:
Low tide (periodic)

Question 7.
A bird sitting on a tree flies away.
Answer:
non-periodic change.

Question 8.
A meteor streaking across the sky.
Answer:
non-periodic change.

Use your brainpower!

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What kind of change is the falling of a tree in a storm?
Answer:
Natural change.

Question 2.
What kind of a change is the conversion of milk into yoghurt?
Answer:
Manmade ‘ change, useful change and a chemical change

Question 3.
What is meant by irreversible change? Give some examples.
Answer:

1. An irreversible change is a permanent change that cannot be undone, cannot reverse it back to original substance.
2. In irreversible change new materials are always formed.
3. Irreversible changes are permanent changes.
4. Heating, burning, mixing, powdering are few processes which causes irreversible changes.

Examples:

• burning of paper or wood
• cooking of raw egg.

Question 4.
Which type of change is the change of seasons from summer to rains to winter?
Answer:
Natural and periodic change

Question 5.
Which hands of a clock show periodic changes from 6.00 am to 6.00 pm? How many times?
Answer:
Small (hour) hand (12 times).

Question 6.
Which of the following are physical changes and which are chemical changes?
(making a table from wood, burning wood, breaking of a glass object, ripening of a tomato, rusting of iron.
Answer:

Physical	Chemical
1. Making a table from wood	1. Burning wood
2. Breaking of a glass object	2. Rusting of iron
	3. Ripening of a tomato

Question 7.
What are periodic and non-periodic changes?
Answer:
1. We find that some changes occur again and again after a definite interval of time. Such changes are called Periodic changes, e.g. Sunrise and Sunset.
2. On the other hand, it cannot be ‘Slid for sure when certain changes will recur after one occurrence. Even if they recur, the time interval is not fixed. Such changes are called non-periodic changes, e.g. A meteor streaking across the sky.

Question 8.a.
Which changes shown in the pictures below are temporary.

Answer:
(b) Removing iron nails with help of magnet
(d) Conversion of ice cubes into water.

Question b.
Which of the changes are permanent?
Answer:
Bud blooming into flower.

Question c.
In which did the original matter undergo a change?
Answer:

1. In permanent change
2. Bud blooming into flower.

Question d.
In which the original matter remain unchanged?
Answer:
In temporary changes
(b) iron nails
(d) ice cubes.

Question e.
In which of the changes was a new substance with a new property formed?
Answer:

1. Bud blooming into flower.
2. Ice to water, Ice is in solid state, Water is in liquid state.

Question 9.
Give some examples of fast and slow changes that occur in your surroundings.
Answer:

Fast	Slow
1. Burning of paper or wood	1. rusting of iron
2. Burning of candle	2. germination of seeds
3. Bursting of a balloon	3. curdling of milk
4. Bursting of crackers	4. ripening of a fruit