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Class 12 English Chapter 2.1 Song of the Open Road Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 2.1 Song of the Open Road Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 2.1 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 2.1 Song of the Open Road Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Choose the mode of travel that you would like the most, for a journey.
(a) Airways
(b) Waterways
(c) Railways
(d) Roadways.
Give reasons for your preference.
Answer:
(a) Airways:

• Time-saving even if costly
• Affordable nowadays due to economy airlines
• Useful to go all over the world if one can afford
• Qan enjoy birds’- eye view of different places

(b) Waterways:

• Enjoyable way to travel
• Commuting on waterways is not common all over India.
• In Kerala people use boats on canals and creeks for daily commute
• Long-distance travel by cruise-ship would offer new experiences on the oceans
• Can experience peace of mind and relaxation on long journey by waterway

(c) Railways:

• safe, quick and cheap way to travel long distances
• convenient for overnight journeys – no extra cost for night stay and rest
• comfortable for individuals, families, large groups
• view of the passing landscape and communities living along the route
• opportunity to meet people and even make new friends
• work, family trips, pilgrimage, touring – all kinds ofjourneys are possible and affordable.

(d) Roadways:

• can travel through remote areas
• travel by own vehicle gives more freedom.
• can enjoy the natural beauty -greenery, mountains, water-bodies
• see various geographical features, flora, and styles of clothing, food and even language.

Question 2.
Discuss with your partner, the preparations you would like to make for the journey chosen.
Answer:
(a) A journey by road will need a (virtual) map for the route to take. Road trips are unpredictable. Except for highways we do not know where food, water and facilities like restrooms or pharmacy may be available. One has to carry food, drinks and emergency medicines for unexpected situations. Umbrella or other rainwear, flashlight, spare tyre, tool box and jack are a must. Also when travelling by one’s own vehicle we must have the vehicle serviced and in perfect shape for long distance travel.

(b) All documents related to the vehicle – driver’s licence, registration- papers and insurance papers must be updated and ready to be shown. All journeys require the traveller to wear suitable comfortable clothes. So one would have to wear and pack clothes and accessories accordingly. One also has to foresee what weather conditions maybe along the journey and carry suitable items for that.

(c) Since all of us own mobile phones and our family will want to know about our well-being, one must remember to carry the phone charger and even a power- bank if possible. One must carry a list of emergency contact numbers on paper, in case one’s phone is lost or does not work.

(d) If one decides to travel alone one must be in touch with their loved ones daily, at least once at a particular time. If one has company then the travellers should also discuss the budget, schedule, how to tackle emergencies.and also what to do in unexpected situations.

Question 3.
Discuss the ways in which you would overcome the problems/hindrances/ difficulties you face during the journey.
Answer:
(a) In case of a problem or difficulty, I would go to the nearest place where I can try and resolve the problem.
(b) I would inform my family about the problem.
(c) I would take any steps needed to see that the problem does not become worse.
(d) I would ensure that I am safe till the problem is resolved and I can continue the journey/return home.

Question 4.
During every journey we have to observe certain rules. Discuss your ideas of the journey without any restrictions.
Answer:
(a) I would go with my friends since we work well as a team even though we have I varied interests and skills. We are like-minded about most things. We will share the costs and all of us drive well.
(b) My friends and I love to have fun but none of us is ever unruly. We do, always will, respect the law and are particular about others’ safety and our own.
(c) We will be. sure to never speed or drive rashly. None of us smokes nor consumes forbidden substances like alcohol.
(d) We will ensure that each gets some rest. We will also make sure we keep a log book to record our road trip for memories as well as a guide for later trips, so we can avoid the mistakes and fill in loopholes.

(A1)

Question (i)
Pick out the lines showing that the poet is prepared to enjoy every moment of his journey.
Answer:

• ‘Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road,..’
• ‘Healthy, free, the world before me.’
• ‘The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose.’
• ‘Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune,’
• ‘Strong and content I travel the open road.’
• ‘The earth, that is sufficient,’

Question (ii)
By ‘old delicious burdens’ the poet means
(a) the luggage
(b) the food he carries
(c) sweet memories of the past
Answer:
(c) sweet memories of the past

Question (iii)
The poet is a person who is free from all inhibitions. Discuss how the concept is expressed in the poem.
Answer:
The poet is about to embark on a trip. He j does not consider anything can restrict him, even his own hesitation or doubts. He says he is prepared -‘afoot ’and ‘light-hearted’, He is physically fit and mentally without any dilemma. He is all set to follow the road to his dream/destination. ‘Healthy and free’ He does not (want to) depend on good luck or fortune to be kind to him. He has his life, his destiny, in his own hands and is. confident that is enough. ‘I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune’.

He is no longer going to delay his journey with complaints, criticising that everything is not perfect. What is there is enough for him. ‘I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing,’ ‘The earth, that is sufficient’. His determination is strong and he has decided to progress on his path in life. ‘Strong and content I travel the open road.’

(A2)

Question (i)
Following are the activities of the poet related to his journey on the road. Divide them into two parts as ‘activities the poet will practise’ and ‘activities he will not practise’.
1. Walking along the road though he does not know where it reaches
2. Complaining about the discomforts during the journey
3. Postponing the journey
4. Praying for good fortune
5. Carrying the fond memories of the good people
6. Creating contacts with famous and influential people
7. Striving to achieve high and bright success
8. Reflecting and developing his own ‘self Activities he will practise’.
Answer:
Activities he will practise:
1. Walking along the road though he does not know where it reaches
5. Carrying the fond memories of good people
7. Striving to achieve high and bright success
8. Reflecting and developing his own ‘self Activities he will not practise

Activities he will not practise:
2. Complaining about discomforts during the journey
3. Postponing the journey
4. Praying for good fortune
6. Creating contacts with famous and influential people

(ii) Write down the traits the poet exhibits through the following lines.

Question (a)
Henceforth, I ask for no good fortune –
Answer:
I myself am good fortune – Self-confidence

Question (b)
Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing –
Answer:
Positive and self-reliant

Question (c)
I do not want the constellations any nearer –
Answer:
self-assured and independent

Question (d)
I swear it is impossible for me to get rid of them –
Answer:
clear-thinking and knowing his mind

Question (e)
I am filled with them – I will fill them in return –
Answer:
aware and honest about himself

Question (iii)
‘Healthy, free, the world before me.’ Express your views regarding the above line.
Answer:
The poet is about to set out on life’s journey. He is of healthy body and mind. He feels strong enough to meet challenges he may have to face on the way. His attitude seems positive, hopeful and determined – he says ‘the world before me’ – showing this.

Hence we can say he is ready to make use of every opportunity the world can provide and he will not delay or complain, postpone or criticize, blaming others. He can make any dream come true.

(A3)

Question 1.
The poet has used many describing words like ‘healthy’ in the poem. Make a list and classify them as
(a) For the world: ……………
(b) For himself: ………………
(c) For the road: ………………
Answer:
(a) For the world: sufficient
(b) For himself: light-hearted, healthy, free, good-fortune, strong, content,
(c) For the road: open, long brown path

(A4)

Question (i)
The road in the poem does not mean only the road to travel. The poet wants to suggest the road of life. Explain the metaphor with the help of the poem.
Answer:
In a journey we may go on, we plan on the mode of travel, and hope to have an enjoyable trip. We want to admire the scenes passing by. We may meet new people. Sometimes we may come across some difficulties, yet we complete the trip and return home to our normal routine.

For a trip, we make travel plans decide the destination and so on. But life itself is a long journey. In our life we have family and friends. We don’t know what will happen in future. We remember pleasant as well as sad situations of the past. We work hard, find success, face failure, and attain glory and defeat. So life goes on.

In both, a trip or in life, the attitude is important in how we make the journey. One must go ahead with a positive and flexible mind-set. Unexpected situations will come up. We may have pleasant as well as unpleasant situations. But if we have self-belief, any difficulty can be faced. One must just be strong.

The poem also tells we have memories. We are held back by attachments. But we can carry the beautiful past as happy memories, We should always go forward in the journey of life.

Question (ii)
There are certain words that are repeated in the poem. For example, ‘no more’ (Line 7) Find out other similar expressions. Explain the I effect they have created in the poem.
Answer:
There are several words that are repeated.
1. ‘open road’ – lines 1 and 7. Indicates the path in life is open wide for the poet/ person to make any choice he wants. The opportunities are unlimited.
2. ‘before me’ – the poet is looking at the road ahead, his future life, his outlook for the upcoming journey (of life).
3. ‘Henceforth I’ – lines 4 and 5. The poet conveys ‘from that point onwards’ he has decided to do or not do certain things.
4. ‘good-fortune’ – he believes good fortune or destiny is not external. It is within one’s power, in one’s own hands.
5. ‘I know’ – lines 11 and 12. This shows his full awareness.
6. I carry’ – lines 12, and twice in 13, I indicate the weight of the burdens though they may be delicious.
7. ‘they are’ – line 10 emphasizes that entity (constellations or people with power) belongs where it is.

Question (iii)
The use of personal pronoun ‘I’ is evident and prominent in this poem. Give reasons.
Answer:
The repetition of the pronoun ‘I’ occurs fifteen times in as many lines of the poem. This shows us how fully in charge the poet is of his life, his destiny, his actions, his decisions and the consequences.
The repeated use of T shows that he is confident of himself and is able to take his life forward independent of other’s support. He is going to stop complaining, criticizing.
He will approach the future on his own strengths. Ready to use the opportunities that he comes across, the poet is quite sure he does not need either luck or influential friends to help his attempts. He seems assured of his own capabilities.

(A5)

Question (i)
With the help of the following points, write a poetic appreciation of the poem ‘Song of the Open Road’.

• the poem
• title
• theme
• style
• poetic devices
• message
• your opinion.

Answer:
‘The Song of the Open Road’ by American poet, Walt Whitman is about optimism, energy j and confidence. The world offers opportunities to anyone who wants to use them.

Walt Whitman’s works were a powerful influence on other writers. The poet himself struggled as a child of twelve. He dropped out of school to take up some job to help the family income. He worked as lawyer’s assistant, printer’s assistant, as a teacher and journalist. He helped look after the wounded in the American Civil War.

Question (ii)
Write four to six lines of Free Verse on the topic ‘The road that leads to my college’. Express that it is the road to knowledge and bright future. You may begin like this: Evlery day I tread with the bag of books
Answer:
‘The Road That Leads to My College’ Every day I tread with the bag of books And a hopeful step, Into the space of light and hope, Lean look for myself. I go to become more ready For tomorrow and the day after. Every day, every way I Grow and grow thankful and wise, strongly hopeful.

Question (iii)
Write a blog on the following topic.
(a) Man is Free by Birth.
Answer:
Man is Free by Birth

The statement is true in every sense of the word ‘free’. If someone does not have physical freedom, it is visible. But the freedom of the mind, thoughts, emotions, the spirit, the soul, is also vital for one to fully find satisfaction in life.

I remember an advertisement to bring up boys to be sensitive. Usually boys are discouraged from showing tears. It is thought tears of fear, anxiety, pain, loss are signs of weakness when a boy cries. There should be no external signs of these emotions and parents compare the boy to a girl. They make fun of their sons to stop him crying. In this way they take away the child’s freedom to express emotions. They take away his sensitivity!

Taking away of freedom is often done by adults to their children. The parents give guidance for the future but parents impose their own expectations on the kids and take away their freedom to choose a life-goal. The child’s natural liking or strength is not considered. The herd mentality makes parents force their children to follow a field which other students are doing. They earn lots of money. But they don’t notice their child does not like or is not good at it. So the child grows up leaving his passion.

Adults teach children that out of respect and good manners they must not question them. Children will grow up seeing injustice being done. They will notice bad things happening. But their desire to question is silent. They keep quiet and accept even bad things as normal.

I could go on. But let us ensure that freedom is alive and well. Let us allow everyone to be themselves, to follow their heart, to speak out when necessary, to fulfil their dreams. But we must ensure that this freedom never injures another or interferes with other people’s freedom.

The poem says ‘open’ road. It is about freedom. The poet wants to go out from restrictions and comforts. The poet wants to be self-reliant. He is confident. The poem is in free verse. There are many poetic devices but no metre or rhyme, We immediately notice repetition. There is also Transferred epithet.

The poem is a dramatic monologue. The poem inspires us to explore the world using our abilities. Comfort, complaints, criticisms and fate are not excuses for one’s inaction.

Question (iv)
Expand the ideas suggested in the following lines:
(a) All roads lead to Rome.
Answer:
The road system in the Roman Empire was built in a way that a person could take a road from anywhere and he would reach Rome. This means that every matter can be approached differently. Everyone has their own way to approach a matter. It could be doing some work or solving a problem. Each person has their way of doing things.

It means that we should agree not to be narrow minded. We should appreciate the other person’s way of doing things also. We should not expect everyone to think exactly the same way as we do. We should allow individuals to follow their method. Sometimes some work is given. That person will complete the work in his way. When giving the task the method of doing it need not be forced. Even if it is completely new then the person may do it himself. If he is not able to do it he can ask for help.

When there is a problem many people may be trying to find a solution. We can discuss ideas. Many ideas may be put forward. There can be so many ideas that are useful for solving the problem. One may be quicker. Another may be cheaper. One may need more people. So all ideas can be pooled to finally solve the problem.

Even the head of the country has a team of ministers. The leader discusses and consults with the team for running the country. All of them play a role for successful running of the government. This is true of teamwork and cooperation. We can all work for the same goal. The work may be so big that many are required to work together. It is not necessary for everyone to do exactly the same thing. But all work together in different methods so that we reach the desired goal.

Question (b)
A man without liberty is a body without a soul.
Answer:
We think ‘liberty’ means only physical freedom. But even if a person is not physically free, his mind is working freely. Actually the freedom to think, speak and act to fulfil our wishes and goals is more important.

A free man really means a free-thinking man. We have heard of men speaking out against powerful people. They were jailed. But even in jail they wrote books. They expressed their views. We know of many such famous personalities like Gandhiji, Jawaharlal Nehru and Nelson Mandela.

Many of our Indian freedom fighters were executed for their ideas. But they did not keep quiet. They spoke out and inspired Indians to rise up against the colonial rulers. Their minds were free though they were physically in prison.

Liberty is freedom to anything for oneself without hurting other people’s liberty. We should not use freedom to do just anything we desire. That is not correct. Hence we must be aware of what is happening and speak against wrongs. When there is life, there is mind. When we have an intelligent mind, we should think.

‘Life, liberty, and thought – three persons in one substance, eternal, never-ending, and unceasing.’ Khalil Gibran.

(A6)

Question (i)
Take help from the sources available on the internet and make a list of proverbs and quotations about ‘road.’ [an example …]
Answer:
The road to success is not a path you find but a trail you blaze.
https : //www.bemytravelmuse.com/best- road-trip-quotes/
https : //www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/ road-trip

Question (ii)
Read the poem ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost.

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 2.1 Song of the Open Road Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the poem and complete the activities given below:

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Describe the mood of the speaker in the poem. Choose from the options given. There may be more than one possible option:
1. hopeful
2. thoughtful
3. serious
4. cheerful
5. regretful
6. upbeat
7. contemplative
8. buoyant
Answer:
1. hopeful
4. cheerful
6. upbeat
8. buoyant

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis:

Question 1.
Pick out the lines from the poem which indicate the past behaviour of the poet, which he now chooses to discontinue and discard. What do the thoughts indicate regarding the poet’s intentions for the future?
Answer:
The lines which the poet writes indicating his change in mind-set are:
1. ‘Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune,
2. Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing,
3. Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms,’
The poet realizes he has been discontented, complaining, blaming and criticizing others, as an excuse for his inaction. He had not taken charge of his own actions or his life.

Now he has a clear view of what he will do in the future, a different attitude to life. He has taken charge of both now. He is ready to leave behind all negativity and move ahead with hope and self-confidence.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
The poet says ‘strong and content’, ‘The earth, that is sufficient’. Describe your thoughts about yourself if you were starting out on life’s journey. Would ‘the earth be sufficient’ for you to being ‘strong and content’?
Answer:
I agree with the poet. The fact that I am reading and understanding the poem indicates I have a high-school education. People with much fewer advantages have accomplished great things. I can use the resources I have to become a good human, a useful citizen and find my way to go forward in life. Success and satisfaction does not mean making lots of money or becoming famous. If I can help fellow humans and give back to the country that has given me so much, I will be content.

Poetic Devices:

Paradox is a poetic device, which is defined as ‘a (logical) statement’ contradicting itself. It can i also be said to be a sentence that is opposed to the 1 common sense but yet can be true.

Question 1.
Pick out a line from the poem that is an example of paradox.
Answer:
‘Still here I carry my old delicious burdens’ is the line that is having a paradox ‘delicious’ and ‘burden’. Something delicious is pleasant, whereas ‘burden ’ reminds us of something difficult and unpleasant. But the poet wants to convey that his sweet memories are difficult to leave behind. They pull us back from going away. But still he will go, but he will carry his precious memories and still carry on his life’s journey.

Question 2.
Pick out the line where transferred epithet is used by the poet.
Answer:
‘Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous complaints.’
The phrase ‘indoor complaints’ describes the speaker who earlier had been enclosed indoors and complaining. Now he is ‘done’ -will no longer do that. Another phrase ‘querulous criticisms’ speaks of an irritated person constantly criticizing. The poet has decided he will no longer indulge in that also.

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 2 (Poetry)

• Song of the Open Road Class 11 English Solutions
• Indian Weavers Class 11 English Solutions
• The Inchcape Rock Class 11 English Solutions
• Have you Earned Your Tomorrow Class 11 English Solutions
• Father Returning Home Class 11 English Solutions
• Money Class 11 English Solutions
• She Walks in Beauty Class 11 English Solutions
• Small Towns and Rivers Class 11 English Solutions

Class 12 English Chapter 1.8 Voyaging Towards Excellence Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.8 Voyaging Towards Excellence Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.8 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.8 Voyaging Towards Excellence Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
There are different ways to travel from one place to another for different purposes. Discuss with your partner and match the words given in table A with their meanings in table B:

Answer:
(a) Cruise – a journey on a boat or ship to a number of places
(b) Expedition – a journey, especially by a group of people, for a specific purpose
(c) Camp – a place usually away from urban areas where tents are erected for shelter
(d) Trip – a brief pleasure outdoor visit
(e) Excursion – a short journey to a place with a particular purpose
(f) Picnic – a short visit to an outdoor place where people celebrate, enjoy and eat meals
(g) Voyage – a long journey on a ship

Question 2.
Discuss the following with your partner and complete the web.

Answer:

(A1)

Question (i)
Upbringing plays a very important role in shaping one’s life.
Answer:
The teacher will form two groups in the class. One group will speak in favour of the above topic while the other will speak against it. Debate brings out different perspectives, it does not mean one is right and other is wrong. You can take help of the following points and have a debate on it:

(A2)

Question (i)
Make a list of great Indian and foreign personalities who had a great impact on Achyut Godbole during his childhood.
Answer:

Question (ii)
Find the different techniques used by the writer to learn Science and Mathematics.
Answer:
The different techniques used by the writer to learn Science and Mathematics are:
(a) The writer used to appreciate the inherent beauty of these subjects.
(b) He found Newton’s law of motion beautiful and the Pythagorean Theorem elegant.
(c) The writer loved solving problems of Mathematics of the 9th standard when he was in the 7th.
(d) He used to love solving problems and used to enjoy finding out the most elegant method of solving them, even though I they were not a part of the curriculum.

Question (iii)
The writer faced numerous problems while communicating in English because-
Answer:
(a) He had his entire education in Marathi.
(b) His vocabulary was very weak, and pronunciation was terrible.
(c) His construction of sentences was very awkward.

Question (iv)
The writer was completely stumped because his:
Answer:
(a) vocabulary was very weak
(b) spoken English was quite pathetic
(c) pronunciation was terrible
(d) construction of sentences was very awkward

Question (v)
Due to the writer’s pathetic English speaking style, he:
Answer:
(a) felt quite lonely and terrified, in Mumbai in general, and IIT in particular.
(b) developed an inferiority complex
(c) felt depressed and diffident.
(d) wanted to run away from IIT and even Mumbai.

Question (vi)
Complete the following. The writer wanted to achieve mastery in English because-
Answer:
(a) he wanted to speak excellent, elegant and fluent English
(b) he would be able to achieve excellence and excel in anything he tried to do
(c) he need not have to feel afraid of anybody and start feeling at home in his hostel.

Question (vii)
Make a list of different steps that the writer undertook to improve his English speaking skills.
Answer:
To improve his English the writer:
(a) decided to also think in English before speaking in English.
(b) started reading English newspapers and English novels.
(c) studied etymology and phonetics and studied the roots of the words and how to pronounce them.
(d) used to stand in front of the mirror and practice speaking, realising his mistakes and correcting them himself all the time and improvising and improving day by day.

Question (viii)
Describe the writer’s achievements after achieving mastery over the English language.
Answer:
After achieving mastery over the English language:

1. His fear for English disappeared.
2. He started feeling quite confident about speaking in English at length with anybody.
3. He started feeling at home in his hostel.
4. He could give presentations with ease.
5. He negotiated and signed many contracts worldwide and ran large global software companies.
6. He headed software companies having thousands of software engineers worldwide.

Question (a)
Complete the table comparing the two different phases of the life of the writer- as an MD or Chief Executive Officer and an activist of Sarvodaya movement.
Answer:

Question (ix)
Complete the web highlighting the various opportunities you gained due to your good English speaking skills.

Answer:

Question (a)
Describe a situation or incident when you felt embarrassed for your lack of knowledge of a particular subject or incompetence in speaking English fluently.
Answer:
This happened after my Std X exams. I live in Latur, and I was visiting my cousins in Mumbai for the first time. In order to entertain me, they took me to a musical nite. Unfortunately, it was music show based on English songs, and I had no knowledge of it or interest in it. I love to listen to Hindi and Marathi songs only. They soon realized my lack of interest, and were sorry for their mistake. I was embarrassed about my complete lack of knowledge about English music.

(A3)

Question (i)
Fill in the blanks selecting the correct phrase from the alternatives given.
(feel out of place, speak at length, feel at home, sea of knowledge)
(a) By the end of the week she was beginning ………………… in her new job.
(b) When he lost his mother he was completely ……………… .
(c) Travelling can help to ………………….. .
(d) After my retirement I started ……………… as a social worker.
(e) Having faith in God ……………………. in difficult situations.
(f) To succeed in any competitive examination, one requires a sea of knowledge.
(g) The simple village girl ……………………. in a formal party.
(h) The work done by Sindhutai Sapkal …………………. of millions
(i) The teacher …………………….. explaining the concept.
(j) The speaker was ……………………… by the intelligent questions asked by the audience.
Answer:
(a) By the end of the week she was beginning to feel at home in her new job.
(b) When he lost his mother he was completely broken.
(c) Travelling can help to broaden one’s horizon.
(d) After my retirement I started my second innings as a social worker.
(e) Having faith in God keeps one going in difficult situations.
(f) To succeed in any competitive examination, one requires a sea of knowledge.
(g) The simple village girl felt out of place in a formal party.
(h) The work done by Sindhutai Sapkal touched the hearts of millions
(i) The teacher spoke at length explaining the concept.
(j) The speaker was completely stumped by the intelligent questions asked by the audience.

Question (ii)
Find out a word related to the game of cricket. List two meanings for it.

Answer:
Second innings:
1. general meaning: the second phase of life of an individual where he/she starts/ pursues a new or different career or the post retirement life.
2. related to cricket: when a team comes to bat for the second time in a test match

Question (iii)
Go through the text to find the antonyms of the words given in the grid and fill in the boxes. One is done for you.

Answer:

(A4)

Question (i)
Write whether the underlined verbs in the following sentences are Main verbs or Primary auxiliary verbs:
(a) I had a very simple upbringing. ………………
(b) I was immensely impressed. ………………..
(c) I had learnt from my childhood that money did not mean everything in life. …………………
(d) He was a convent educated guy. ……………….
(e) They did all the work in time. …………………..
(f) I had to achieve a lot in life. …………………….
Answer:
(a) Main verb
(b) Main verb
(c) Auxiliary verb
(d) Main verb
(e) Main verb
(f) Main verb

Question (a)
Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals according to the situations given in the following sentences:
Answer:

1. Take an umbrella. It might rain later.
2. People must not walk on the grass.
3. Could I ask you a question?
4. The signal has turned red. You ought to wait.
5. I was a sportsperson in my school days. I can play badminton.
6. I am going to the library. I will find my friend there.

Question (b)
Find from the extract, the sentences that show past habit.
Answer:
1. Poets like Vinda Karandikar, Mangesh Padgaonkar and Vasant Bapat used to visit our home.
2. They used to talk about Keshavsut…

(iii) Do as directed and rewrite the sentence:

Question (a)
I did not fully understand their discussions but I was immensely impressed. (Remove ‘but’.)
Answer:
Though I did not fully understand their discussions, I was immensely impressed.

Question (b)
I had decided that I would do nothing of this sort. (Remove ‘that’.)
Answer:
I had decided to do nothing of this sort.

Question (c)
My fear had vanished and I started feeling at home in my hostel. (Use ‘when’.)
Answer:
When my fear had vanished, I started feeling at home in my hostel.

Question (d)
It was only my self-esteem which stopped me. (Remove ‘which’.)
Answer:
Only my self-esteem stopped me.

Question (e)
I plunged into all these branches of knowledge. It was a period of renaissance.
(Join with ‘which’.)
Answer:
I plunged into all these branches of knowledge, which was a period of renaissance.

Question (f)
When I look back, there are a number of lessons that I cherish. (Remove ‘When’.)
Answer:
On looking back, I find that there are a number of lessons that I cherish.

Question (g)
There are hundreds who tell me that they understood the theory of relativity. (Remove ‘who’.)
Answer:
Hundreds tell me that they understood the theory of relativity.

(A5)

Question 1.
Go through the sample of the flyer given on page 91 of the textbook and prepare flyers on the topics given below.
Topics :
1. Yoga Class / Summer Hobby Class
2. Tree Plantation Drive
3. Cleanliness Drive
4. Help us to end Child Labour
5. Let’s get rid of the monsters – tobacco and alcohol

Use the following points:

• Details
• Special Features
• Why to choose us/Need of drive/Purpose of the mission
• Anything special
• Add your own points

Answer:
1. Yoga classes:
Divine Yoga Classes
First Floor, Vijai Towers, Opposite Railway Station, AAahim (West)
We have classes for all : from age 5 to 75 Men and women, girls and boys.

(A6)

Question 1.
Achyut Godbole has written many bestsellers that are famous far and wide. Read at least two books of your choice, make a summary of those books and submit.
(Students may attempt this on their own.)

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.8 Voyaging Towards Excellence Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below:

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Write if the following sentences are True or False. Rewrite the false sentences correctly:
1. The writer did not like Mathematics and Science.
2. The writer studied Mathematics and Science only for scoring maximum marks in exams.
3. The writer’s skill at solving problems helped him in his IIT entrance exam.
4. The writer scored 100% marks in Mathematics in every examination he appeared for.
Answer:
True sentence:
3. The writer’s skill at solving problems helped him in his IIT entrance exam.

False sentences:
1. The writer did not like Mathematics and Science.
2. The writer studied Mathematics and Science only for scoring maximum marks in exams.
4. The writer scored 100% marks in Mathematics in every examination he appeared for.

Corrected sentences:
1. The writer loved Mathematics and Science.
2. The writer studied Mathematics and Science not only for scoring maximum marks in exams, but also because he appreciated their inherent beauty.
4. The writer scored 100% marks in Mathematics in almost all the examinations he appeared for.

Question 2.
The writer’s joy was shortlived. Give reasons.
Answer:
In Solapur, where the writer spent his childhood, he had not seen any building which was more than three – storeyed. Mumbai however was full of skyscrapers, which made the writer uncomfortable. At IIT, most of the students and professors used to converse in English whereas the writer’s English was very poor, with a weak vocabulary, terrible pronunciation and very awkward construction of sentences.

Due to all this, he felt quite lonely and terrified in Mumbai in general and IIT in particular. He developed an inferiority complex and wanted to run away from IIT and even Mumbai. Thus, his joy at getting into IIT was shortlived.

Question 3.
Name the following from the extract:
Answer:

1. Management gurus : Alvin Toffler, Peter Drucker, C. K. Prahlad, Tom Peters
2. The founder of Infosys: Narayan Murthy
3. Two universities: Harvard, MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
4. A great technologist-Vincent Serf

Question 4.
Pick out the false sentences and rewrite them correctly:
1. The writer was more intelligent and well- j read than his friends.
2. The writer’s group was interested in many things.
3. The writer wanted to top the GRE and migrate to the U.S.
4. The writer possessed many books on various topics.
Answer:
False sentences:
1. The writer was more intelligent and well- read than his friends.
3. The writer wanted to top the GRE and migrate to the U.S.

Corrected sentences:
1. The writer’s friends were more intelligent and well-read than the writer.
3. The thought of topping the GRE and migrating to the U.S. never even touched the writer’s mind.

Question 5.
Complete the web: (the first letter of each quality has been given)
Answer:

Question 6.
Complete the web stating the principles of good management:
Answer:

Question 7.
What was the writer’s first love?
Answer:
to read and write on various subjects concerning human life and existence.

Question 8.
How many books has the writer written in Marathi?
Answer:
about 34 books

Question 9.
What was the name of the writer’s autobiography?
Answer:
Musafir.

Question 10.
Name any two values that the writer cherishes.
Answer:
humility, humanity

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Give the writer’s opinion about:
arts, music and literature.
Answer:
The writer says that the arts are equally, if not more, important in our lives than science and technology. He also feels that arts, music and literature enrich our lives and put meaning into our existence. He loved music.

Question 2.
money.
Answer:
The writer feels that money is necessary, but does not mean everything in life.

Question 3.
List the achievements of the writer in Mathematics.
Answer:
1. The writer loved solving problems of Mathematics of the 9th standard when he was in the 7th.
2. The writer scored 100% marks in Mathematics in almost all the examinations that he appeared for, from the 1st standard until IIT, barring only a few times. He also stood 1st in the University in all subjects put together.

Question 4.
Describe the ‘very important’ thing that happened to the writer.
Answer:
When the writer was in his third year at IIT, he came in contact with about 15-20 extremely brilliant students/researchers/ professors from IIT, TIFR and BARC. They included top-ranking students from IIT, visiting professors in American Universities, very renowned mathematicians of the world and so on. This friendship had a lasting impression on his life. He came to know what real brilliance meant, and where he stood with regard to it.

Question 5.
Describe curiosity and humanity.
Answer:
Curiosity is important. It is only because of the human curiosity that we have been able to make such a great progress in science and technology, and social sciences. Humanity means concern for our fellow human beings; it means caring for and helping others whenever and wherever possible. This is important if we wish to live in a world that is happy and contented.

Question 6.
List the things that the writer said he learnt while running large companies.
Answer:
While running large companies the writer learnt:

1. The importance of teamwork
2. The necessity of leading from the front and setting a good example for the staff.
3. The need to treat subordinates and colleagues as friends.

Question 1.
Match the subjects in Column A with the title of the books in Column B:

Answer:

1. Management – Boardroom
2. Painting – Canvas
3. Western music – Symphony
4. Psychology – Manat
5. Mathematics – Ganiti
6. Science – Kimayagar
7. Indian music – Nadvedh
8. Western films – Limelight
9. English Literature – Zapoorza
10. Economics – Arthat

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis:

Question 1.
‘Nevertheless, culturally I had a rich childhood’. Explain the statement with reference to the extract.
Answer:
The writer says that he had a very simple upbringing in a lower middle-class family which did not have even basic amenities like a fan, refrigerator, etc. Even so, it was rich culturally because various poets, writers and musicians used to visit their home and there would be hours of discussions about music, literature, paintings, sculptures, etc. Famous writers, painters and musicians were discussed and this made the writer love the arts. He states that arts, music and literature enrich our lives and put meaning into our existence.

Question 2.
Complete the following:
The writer developed a problem-solving attitude because …………….
Answer:
The writer developed a problem-solving attitude because ……………..
1. He did not study subjects only for scoring maximum marks in the examinations.
He used to study these subjects or any subject for that matter for its inherent beauty.
2. He used to love solving problems andused to enjoy finding out the most elegant method of solving them.
3. He used to get involved in solving them.

Question 3.
Complete the following:
The writer was benefitted by the discussions with great people as it…
Answer:

1. made a lasting impact on his life
2. made him realize what real brilliance meant
3. broadened his horizons, and his aims and worldview became global
4. taught him a lesson in humility, hard work and a passion for excellence.

Question 4.
Explain why the author say that passing the ‘examination of life’ is more important than passing the college examination.
Answer:
The writer wished to understand the world and how it works. He also wished to serve India and her people. To do this, he would have to read and understand different branches of knowledge, to develop values like humility, humanity and rationalism. This was the ‘examination of life’ for him. This was far more important to him than just passing the IIT examination.

Question 5.
Mention a few ways in which the author touch the hearts of the people.
Answer:
The author’s books have brought about very good changes in the lives of thousands of readers. Hundreds have come out of depression and more than a dozen have given up thoughts of committing suicide and decided to start all afresh. There are hundreds who say that they understood the theory of relativity or Big Bang after reading his book on Science ‘Kimayagar’.

His book ‘Boardroom’ on Management has created at least 20 successful entrepreneurs. Then there are hundreds who can understand Economic Times or NDTV Profit after reading his book on economics ‘Arthat’.

Many have turned to Mathematics after reading his book ‘GanitV. The same is true about his books on Indian Music (Nadvedh), English Literature (Zapoorza), Painting (Canvas), Western Films (Limelight) and Western Music (Symphony) or books such as ‘Genius’ series, ‘Rakta’ or ‘Vitamins’ or ‘Anartha’. It is these reactions of thousands of readers that made him feel that has touched the hearts of thousands of people.

Question 6.
Describe the second innings of the writer in your own words.
Answer:
After working for software companies for many years, the writer wanted to return to his first love, i.e. reading and writing on various subjects concerning human life and existence. Therefore, he gave up two lucrative offers to become a writer. This is how his second innings as a writer in Marathi began. After this, he wrote about 34 books in Marathi. Most of them became bestsellers with tens of thousands of copies sold for each. These books brought about very good changes in the lives of thousands of readers.

Hundreds came out of depression and more than a dozen gave up thoughts of committing suicide and decided to start all afresh. Thousands more have been helped in the fields of science, economics, music, mathematics, etc. by the writer’s books. It is these reactions of thousands of readers and the feeling that he is touching their hearts that has kept him going.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Describe what a ‘rich childhood’ mean to you.
Answer:
I think that a rich childhood is one where you get a lot of love and security at home. It could also be culturally rich, where you get to read or know music/books/theatre, etc. Basically, a rich childhood is one which has plenty of love, fun and friends. Money is secondary.

Question 2.
We should study any subject. Do you agree? Give your reasons.
Answer:
Every subject has its own inherent beauty and uses. We should study a subject because of its beauty. While Science and Technology are important to make our daily lives easy, arts, music and literature enrich our lives and put meaning into our existence. Every subject helps in some way in the progress of mankind.

Question 3.
Do you think that speaking English fluently and confidently is important? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes, it is. English is an international language, which the people of most countries understand. If we wish to go abroad, or have international exposure, we should know English in this competitive world. Even in India, knowledge of good English gives us a sense of confidence. It helps us to get jobs. It also helps us to get access to information from all parts of the world.

Question 4.
Name some of the top universities in the world.
Answer:
Some of the top universities in the world are: Harvard University, Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Oxford University, Cambridge University, Cornell University. Princeton University, etc.

Question 5.
Do you feel that arts, music and literature enrich our lives. Discuss.
Answer:
Art is all around us; it surrounds us. It provides us with a deeper understanding of our own emotions and those of others. It makes us more sensitive, softer and gentler. It enriches the quality of life and improves our physical and mental health. It connects us to others. Literature gives us an insight into the world of others, both in the present and the past.

Question 6.
Do you think that team work is important today? Explain with an example.
Answer:
Yes, today team work is very important in every sphere, whether it is in games or at work. Every individual has different talents and these separate talents come together when one is in a team. For example, in cricket, one person may be a good bowler, another a good batsman, a third a good fielder, etc. When all these people come together and play the game as a team, it leads to success. In an office too, only when we work in a team and contribute our respective talents can we complete projects.

Question 7.
Do you think passion is more important than wealth?
Answer:
Passion is certainly more important than wealth. Wealth can give the luxuries of life, but it cannot give mental peace and satisfaction. This can only be gained by having an interest in what we do, or in simple words, by loving our jobs. Hence, when one chooses a career, it is more important to choose one which we love rather than one which pays more.

Language Study:

Question 1.
Find from the extract, the sentences that show past habit.
Answer:
1. I used to study these subjects or any subject for that matter for its inherent beauty.
2. I used to get involved in solving them.
3. I used to love problem-solving and used to enjoy finding out the most elegant method of solving them.

Question 2.
These problems were not a part of the curriculum, but I enjoyed the whole process. (Rewrite using ‘though’.)
Answer:
Though these problems were not a part of the curriculum, I enjoyed the whole process.

Question 3.
This exam is completely based on your problem-solving ability and the ability to think not only logically but quickly and rapidly. (Pick out the adverbs of manner.)
Answer:
completely, logically, quickly, rapidly

Question 4.
Find from the text, the sentence that show past habit:
Answer:
Most of the students and professors used to converse in English.

Question 5.
Find from the extract, a sentence that shows past habit.
Answer:
I used to stand in front of the mirror and practise speaking.

Question 6.
I wanted to speak excellent, elegant and fluent English. (Rewrite using ‘that’.)
Answer:
I wanted to speak English that was excellent, elegant and fluent.

Question 7.
My fear had vanished and I started feeling at home in my hostel.
(Pick out the verbs and state the tense.)
Answer:
had vanished – past perfect tense; started – simple past tense

Question 8.
Find from the extract,the sentences that show past habit.
Answer:
1. Until that time I used to consider myself somewhat intelligent.
2. I used to visit MIT during lunch time to meet my friends.
3. I used to visit both of these Universities.
4. If you walked for an hour from there, you could reach Harvard Square near Harvard University. (Pick out the clauses and state their type.)
Answer:
you could reach Harvard Square near Harvard University-Main clause
If you walked for an hour from there- Subordinate adverb clause of condition

Question 9.
All the discussions with these greats broadened my horizon.
(Rewrite beginning ‘My horizon…………’)
Answer:
My horizon was broadened by all the discussions with these greats.

Question 10.
Find from the text, a sentence that show past habit.
Answer:
We used to discuss about relativity, Big Bang, aesthetics, literature, philosophy, economics and many other subjects every day until late into the nights.

Question 11.
I learnt these values during my IIT days.
(Rewrite beginning ‘These values’.)
Answer:
These values were learnt by me during my IIT days.

Question 12.
It is very difficult to become a master or an expert in all these subjects. (Rewrite using ‘not’.)
Answer:
It is not at all easy to become a master or an expert in all these subjects.

Question 13.
I made a few mistakes, but learnt a lot about motivation. (Rewrite as a complex sentence.)
Answer:
Though I made a few mistakes, I learnt a lot about motivation.

Question 14.
I learnt a lot of things when I was running these large companies.
(Pick out the subordinate clause and state its type.)
Answer:
when I was running these large companies – Subordinate adverb clause of time.

Question 15.
You need to lead from the front.
(Add a question tag.)
Answer:
You need to lead from the front, don’t you?

Question 16.
I had also written 4 books with 500-700 pages each on Information Technology published by Tata McGraw-Hill. (Pick out the predicate.)
Answer:
predicate-had also written 4 books with 500-700 pages each on Information Technology published by Tata McGraw-Hill.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
From the extract, prepare a word register of at least 6 words for:
‘Household appliances and objects’:
Answer:
fan, refrigerator, geyser, dining table, gas stove, air conditioner.

Question 2.
Match the columns:

Answer:

Question 3.
Choose the correct noun forms from those given in brackets:

1. elegant (elegance/elegantly)
2. solve (solving/solution)
3. develop (developmental/development)
4. logically (logical/logic)
5. appear (appearance/apparently)
6. including (inclusive/inclusion)

Answer:

1. elegant – elegance
2. solve – solution
3. develop – development
4. logically – logic
5. appear – appearance
6. including – inclusion

Question 4.
Write the verb forms of the following:

1. maximum
2. examination
3. challenging
4. beauty
5. quickly
6. admission

Answer:

1. maximum – maximise
2. examination – examine
3. challenging – challenge
4. beauty – beautify
5. quickly – quicken
6. admission – admit

Question 5.
Find out a word related to the game of cricket. List two meanings for it.
Answer:
Scoring:
1. general meaning: getting something
2. related to cricket: gaining runs

Question 6.
Guess the meaning of:

1. inferiority complex
2. sophisticated
3. arrogant

Answer:

1. inferiority complex – a feeling that you are not as good, as intelligent, as attractive, etc. as other people
2. sophisticated – smart and polished
3. arrogant – unpleasantly proud

Question 7.
Find out a word related to the game of cricket. List two meanings for it.
Answer:
Stumped: (Note: The word is not in the lesson but in the question on page 86)
1. general meaning : to be unable to answer a question or solve a problem because it is too difficult
2. related to cricket: being stumped is a method of dismissing a batsman.

Question 8.
Guess the meaning:
1. negotiate
2. at ease
Answer:
1. negotiate – to have formal discussions with someone in order to reach an agreement with them
2. at ease – comfortable.

Question 9.
Find the full forms of:

1. IIT
2. TFIR
3. BARC
4. TCP
5. IP

Answer:

1. IIT: Indian Institute of Technology
2. TIFR: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
3. BARC: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
4. TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
5. IP: Internet Protocol

Question 10.
Find the meaning of: anything under the sun
Answer:
anything under the sun-anything at all.

Question 11.
Find the full form of: GRE
Answer:
GRE – Graduate Record Examination

Question 12.
Match the following:

Answer:

1. Sociology – the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society.
2. Economics – the branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth.
3. Psychology – the scientific study of the human mind and its functions.
4. Archaelogy – the scientific study of material remains of past human life and activities.

Question 13.
From the extract find four words that form their antonyms by adding a prefix:
Answer:

1. important × unimportant
2. successful × unsuccessful
3. possible × impossible
4. written × unwritten

Question 14.
Write the past participles of:

1. learn
2. write
3. change
4. make

Answer:

1. learn – learnt
2. write – written
3. change – changed
4. make – made

Question 15.
Find out a word related to the game of cricket. List two meanings for it.
Answer:
target setting:
1. general meaning: deciding something that one hopes or intends to accomplish
2. related to cricket: deciding the number of runs to be achieved.

Question 16.
Give the adjective forms of the following:

1. humanity
2. rationality
3. humility
4. equality
5. curiosity
6. knowledge

Answer:

1. humanity – humane
2. rationality – rational
3. humility – humble
4. equality – equal
5. curiosity – curious
6. knowledge – knowledgeable

Non-Textual Grammar:

Do as directed:

Question 1.
To their astonishment they found a hissing snake stopping their way. (Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
They were astonished to find a hissing snake stopping their way.

Question 2.
The minister spotted his cheerful face in the crowd and called out to him. (Rewrite using the present participle form of the verb ‘to spot’.)
Answer:
The minister, spotting his cheerful face in the crowd, called out to him./Spotting his cheerful face in the crowd, the minister called out to him.

Question 3.
He is a great king.
(Rewrite as an exclamatory sentence.)
Answer:
What a great king he is

Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

Question 1.
Even though the laptop is expensive, but I wish to buy it for my mother.
Answer:
Even though the laptop is expensive, I wish to buy it for my mother.

Question 2.
The story should not exceed more than 800 words.
Answer:
The story should not exceed 800 words.

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Class 12 English Chapter 1.7 Why We Travel Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.7 Why We Travel Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.7 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.7 Why We Travel Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Share your views on how travelling can be a hobby:
Answer:
Students can discuss their views on travelling, both in India and in foreign countries, and how it can be a leisure time activity.

Question 2.
Discuss in the class the benefits of travelling and complete the web:

Answer:

Make a list of your expectations when you travel to some new place:
Answer:
(a) Food should be delicious and available whenever hungry.
(b) Travelling should be easy and comfortable.
(c) Hotel accommodation should be inexpensive and clean.
(d) Weather should be sunny and pleasant.

Question 3.
Discuss in the class the various types of travels. Add your own to ones given below:

Answer:

(A1)

Question 1.
Read the first two paragraphs and write down the reasons one needs to travel.
Answer:
One needs to travel:

1. initially, to lose ourselves next, to find ourselves
2. to open our hearts and eyes and learn more about the world than our newspapers tell us.
3. to bring our ignorance and knowledge to cultures which are rich in ways different from ours.
4. to become young fools again
5. to slow time down and to get taken in to fall in love once more
6. to escape into open solitudes, into aimlessness, into accepting dangers and risks
7. to sharpen the edge of life, and to taste hardship
8. to leave all one’s beliefs and certainties at home, and see everything in a different light

(A2)

Question (i)
Read the sentence ‘If a diploma can famously ……………. in cultural relativism.’ of this extract on page 67 of the textbook. Pick the sentence which gives the meaning of the above statement from the alternatives given below.
(a) A diploma certificate can be used as a passport and a passport can be used as a diploma certificate.
(b) If one has a diploma, he does not need a passport and if he has a passport, he does not need a diploma.
(c) One can acquire permission to travel to foreign countries for educational purposes based on one’s academic achievements, and travelling to foreign countries enriches one the most regarding the knowledge and wisdom of the world.
Answer:
(c) One can acquire permission to travel to foreign countries for educational purposes based on one’s academic achievements, and travelling to foreign countries enriches one the most regarding the knowledge and wisdom of the world.

Question (ii)
Prepare a list of the litterateurs and their quotations mentioned by the writer in the extract.
Answer:
Names of the litterateurs: Camus, Christopher Isherwood
Quotations: Camus said, “What gives value to travel is fear”- Christopher Isherwood once said, “The ideal travel book should be perhaps a little like a crime story in which you’re in search of something.”

Question (iii)
‘The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeing new places but in seeing with new eyes.’ – Marcel Proust. Justify with the help of the text.
Answer:
This means that we don’t really have to discover new landscapes or new sights to be in the real process of discovery. Often, we simply need to change our perspective, the way we look at things, to understand them and to raise them to a new, exhilarating level.

Question (iv)
Read the third paragraph and find the difference between a tourist and a traveller as revealed through the complaints made by them.
Answer:
1. A tourist is someone who does not leave his assumptions at home and complains, ‘Nothing here is the way it is at home’.
2. A traveller is someone who leaves his assumptions at home but grumbles, ‘Everything here is the same as it is in Cairo – or Cuzco or Kathmandu.’

Question (v)
Write sentences from the extract conveying the fact that travelling brings together the various cultures of the different parts of the world.
Answer:
1. You can teach them what they have to celebrate as much as you celebrate what they have to teach.
2. This, I think, is how tourism, which so obviously destroys cultures, can also resuscitate or revive them, how it has created new “traditional” dances in Bali, and caused craftsmen in India to pay s new attention to their works.

Question (vi)
By quoting Camus, the writer has stated that travelling emancipates us from circumstances and all the habits behind which we hide. Write in detail your views about that.
Answer:
When we are at home, we have set ideas and habits, which we are reluctant to change. We dress in a particular way and we behave in a particular way, because the people around us know us and expect that behaviour. We hide behind all this. However, when we travel, no one knows us and there are no expectations about a particular type of behaviour, dress or habits. Hence, we have a feeling of freedom and emancipation from our circumstances and habits.

(A3)

Question (i)
Read the following groups of words:

1. crooked angle
2. censored limits
3. impoverished places
4. walking video screens
5. living newspapers
6. searching questions

Discuss in pairs and make a list of some more adjectives like this and make sentences using them.
Answer:
1. burnt cottage
2. disturbed night
3. hidden house
4. missing necklace
5. probing questions
6. standing instructions
Sentences:
1. burnt cottage – The mystery of the burnt cottage was finally solved.
2. disturbed night – Rohan had a disturbed night because of the noise from the road construction.
3. hidden house – I could see the hidden house only after climbing a hill.
4. missing necklace – The detective was sure that the missing necklace would be soon found.
5. probing questions – The lawyer asked the witness some probing questions.
6. standing instructions – The queen had given standing instructions that she was never to be disturbed while sleeping.

Question 1.
Read the following sentence and pick out the phrasal verb.
We travel, then, in part just to shake up our complacencies.
Answer:
shake-up

(A4)

Question 1.
Read the following sentences carefully and find out the infinitives :
(a) We travel, initially, to lose ourselves; and we travel, next, to find ourselves.
(b) We travel to bring what little we can, …………
(c) Yet one of the subtler beauties of travel is that it enables you to bring new eyes to the people you encounter.
Answer:
(a) to lose, to find
(b) to bring
(c) to bring

Question (ii)
Combine the two sentences into one using the word given in the brackets:
(a) I go to Iceland. I visit the lunar spaces within me. (to)
(b) We have the opportunity. We come into contact with more essential parts of ourselves, (of)
(c) Romantic poets inaugurated an era of travel. They were great apostles of open eyes.
(d) The travel spins us around. It shows us the sights and values ordinarily ignored, (showing)
Answer:
(a) I go to Iceland to visit the lunar spaces within me.
(b) We have the opportunity of coming into contact with more essential parts of ourselves.
(c) Romantic poets, being great apostles of open eyes, inaugurated an era of travel.
(d) The travel spins us around, showing us the sights and values ordinarily ignored.

Question (iii)
Read the sentences given below and state whether the underlined words are gerunds or present participles.
(a) As it’s a hot day, many people are swimming
(b) This is a swimming pool.
(c) It’s very bad that children are begging.
(d) Begging is a curse on humanity.
Answer:
(a) present participle
(b) present participle
(c) present participle
(d) gerund

(A5)

Question 1.
Write an email to your friends about your proposed trek. You can take help of the points given below. You can keep your parents informed about it by adding them in BCC.

• A trek in the forest of Kodaikanal
• Time and duration
• Type of trek (cycle/ motorbike/ walk)
• Facilities provided
• Last date for registration
• Fees

(A6)

Question 1.
There is a boom in ‘Travel and Tourism’ career. Find information about different options in this field.

(A7)

Question (i)
Find information about:
(a) Fa Hien
(b) Huen Tsang
(c) Ibn Batuta
(d) Marco Polo
(e) Sir Richard Burton

Question (ii)
Further reading:

• ‘Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage’ – Lord Byron
• ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ – Jonathan Swift
• ‘Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea’ – Jules Verne
• ‘Travelling Souls’ – Brian Bouldrey

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.7 Why We Travel Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below:

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Write the name of the litterateur and his quotation mentioned by the writer in the extract.
Answer:
Name of the litterateur – George Santayana.
Quotation:
George Santayana writes, “We need sometimes to escape into open solitudes, into aimlessness, into the moral holiday of running some pure hazard, in order to sharpen the edge of life, to taste hardship, and to be compelled to work desperately for a moment at no matter what.”

Question 2.
Based on the extract, complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 3.
From the extract, write the names of:
Answer:
1. 2 litterateurs : Proust, Hazlitt
2. 2 places : Bali, Tibet

Question 4.
Pick out the false statements and write them correctly :
1. Holidays help you to appreciate your own home more.
2. Tourism can also revive cultures.
3. The writer spent many days in Bali in temples.
4. The writer finds Iceland full of chatter and routine.
Answer:
False statements:
3. The writer spent many days in Bali in temples.
4. The writer finds Iceland full of chatter and routine.

Corrected statements:
3. The writer spent many days in Tibet in temples.
4. The writer finds Iceland quiet and empty.

Question 5.
Write the name of the litterateur and his quotation mentioned by the writer in the extract.
Answer:
Name of the litterateur – Oliver Cromwell Quotation : “A man never goes so far as when he doesn’t know where he is going.”

Question 6.
Write if the following statements are True or False. Correct the false statements :
1. The posters at McDonald’s outlet in Kyoto have pictures of places in San Francisco.
2. The young people in Kyoto McDonald’s outlet look very American.
3. The writer was born in America.
4. Cities like Sydney and Toronto are a mix of many cultures.
True statements:
1. The posters at McDonald’s outlet in Kyoto have pictures of places in San Francisco.
4. Cities like Sydney and Toronto are a mix of many cultures.

False statements:
2. The young people in Kyoto McDonald’s outlet look very American.
3. The writer was born in America.

Corrected statements:
2. The young people in Kyoto McDonald’s outlet look very Japanese.
3. The writer was born in England.

Question 7.
Write from the extract:
Answer:
1. Names of 4 cities: Kyoto, Toronto, Sydney, Addis Ababa
2. Names of two food items: Teriyaki McBurgers, Bacon Potato Pies.

Question 8.
Write the name of the litterateurs and their quotations mentioned by the writer in the extract.
Answer:
Names of the litterateurs: Sir John Mandeville, Emerson, Thoreau and Sir Thomas Browne.
Quotations: Emerson said, “Travelling is a fool’s paradise.”
Thoreau said, “I have travelled a good deal in Concord.”
Sir Thomas Browne sagely put it, “We carry within us the wonders we seek without us. There is Africa and her prodigies in us.”

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Write sentences from the extract conveying the fact that travelling brings together the various cultures of the different parts of the world :
Answer:
1. We can become a kind of carrier pigeon in transporting back and forth what every culture needs.
2. I find that I always take Michael Jordan posters to Kyoto, and bring woven ikebana baskets back to California.
3. We become walking video screens and living newspapers, the only channels that can take people out of the censored limits of their homelands.
4. In closed or impoverished places, like Pagan or Lhasa or Havana, we are the eyes and ears of the people we meet, their only contact with the world outside and, very often, the closest, quite literally, they will ever come to Michael Jackson or Bill Clinton.
5. Not the least of the challenges of travel, therefore, is learning how to import – and export – dreams with tenderness.
6. We carry values and beliefs and news to the places we go.

Question 2.
Complete the following:
Travel spins us round in two ways at once:
Answer:
Travel spins us round in two ways at once: It shows us the sights and values and issues that we might ordinarily ignore. It also shows us all the parts of ourselves that might otherwise grow rusty. For in travelling to a truly foreign place, we inevitably travel to moods and states of mind that we’d otherwise ignore.

Question 3.
Write sentences from the extract conveying the fact that travelling brings together the various cultures of the different parts of the world.
Answer:
1. For when we go to France, we often migrate to French, and the more childlike self, simple and polite, that speaking a foreign language educes.
2. Even when I’m not speaking pidgin English in Hanoi, I’m simplified in a positive way, and concerned not with expressing myself, but simply making sense.

Question 4.
Write sentences from the extract conveying the fact that travelling brings together the various cultures of the different parts of the world.
Answer:
1. When we go abroad we are objects of scrutiny as much as the people we scrutinize, and we are being consumed by the cultures we consume, as much on the road as when we are at home.
2. At the very least, we are objects of speculation (and even desire), who can seem as exotic to the people around us as they do to us.

Question 5.
Write the sentences from the extract conveying the fact that travelling brings together the various cultures of the different parts of the world.
Answer:
1. When you go to a McDonald’s outlet in Kyoto, you will find Teriyaki McBurgers and Bacon Potato Pies.
2. The placemats offer maps of the great temples of the city, and the posters all around broadcast the wonders of San Francisco.
3. And-most crucial of all-the young people eating their Big Macs, with baseball caps worn backwards, and tight 501 jeans, are still utterly and inalienably Japanese in the way they move, they nod, they sip their Oolong teas – and never to be mistaken for the patrons of a McDonald’s outlet in Rio, Morocco or Managua.
4. These days a whole new realm of exotica arises out of the way one culture colours and appropriates the products of another,
5. The other factor complicating and exciting all of this is people, who are, more and more, themselves as many-tongued and mongrel as cities like Sydney or Toronto or Hong Kong.
6. Besides, even those who don’t move around the world find the world moving more and more around them. Walk just six blocks, in Queens or Berkeley, and you’re travelling through several cultures in as many minutes; get into a cab outside the White House, and you’re often in a piece of Addis Ababa.

Question 6.
Complete the following:
Answer:
1. Travel is a voyage into the imagination and is the conspiracy of perception and imagination.
2. Sir John Mandeville never visited the Far East but yet gave colourful accounts of it.
3. Emerson and Thoreau insist that reality is our creation and we invent the places we see as much as we do the books we read.

Question 7.
Complete the following, giving examples: (The answer is given directly.) The finest recent travel books are those that:
Answer:
1. undertake a parallel journey, matching the physical steps of a pilgrimage with the metaphysical steps of a questioning e.g. in Peter Matthiessen’s great “The Snow Leopard”.
2. chronicle a trip to the farthest reaches of human strangeness e.g. Oliver Sacks’ “Island of the Color-Blind,” which features a journey not just to a remote atoll in the Pacific, but to a realm where people actually see light differently).

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis:

Question 1.
Guess the difference : travel and travail:
Answer:
Travel guides us towards a better balance of wisdom and compassion, of seeing the world clearly and truly. Travail means agony, or hard toil, which will be the result of laborious travelling and hardships.

Question 2.
Describe the changes that come into us because of travels, especially to foreign countries.
Answer:
When we go abroad, we stay up late, do impulsive things and leave ourselves open to various experiences. We live for the moment, without any past or future; only the present. We may even become mysterious-to others, at first, and sometimes even to ourselves, behaving in new ways. We feel younger, as if we have been reborn.

Question 3.
Explain in your own words how travel can be a kind of ‘monasticism’.
Answer:
‘Monasticism’ means living like monks, living a self-disciplined life that is isolated from other people. When we travel, even if we are living in a luxury hotel, we live more simply than we normally do at home. We have no more possessions than what we can carry, we surrender ourselves to chance, and to whatever may come in our way. Hence, travel can be a kind of ‘monasticism’.

Question 4.
Travelling abroad make us the object of scrutiny. Justify this statement,
Answer:
When we go abroad, the local people there are curious about us and our culture. We seem exotic and different to them and they scrutinize our ways and behaviour to learn and understand more about us.

Question 5.
The writer calls himself ‘many-tongued’ and ‘mongrel’. Give reasons.
Answer:
‘Many-tongued’ means that he knows many languages; ‘mongrel’ here means someone who has a mixed upbringing, someone of mixed cultures. The writer knows many languages. He was born of Indian parents, in England, and he moved to America when he was 7 years old. Hence, he says that he cannot really call himself an Indian, an American or an Englishman.

Question 6.
‘Get into a cab outside the White House, and you’re often in a piece of Addis Ababa.’ Explain the meaning of this sentence.
Answer:
Addis Ababa is the capital of Ethiopia, Africa. The sentence means that the driver of the cab outside the White House was probably an African American, may be originally from Africa.

Question 7.
“We carry within us the wonders we seek without us.” Explain.
Answer:
This means that all the wonders and emotions are within us, and if we wish to, we can tap these forces. Everything is within our own hearts and imagination. Everything is internal. Whatever we find outside has first to be inside us for us to experience it. There is no necessity for any separate outside happenings for us to feel anything.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Name the places you would like to visit the most. Give reasons to support your answer.
Answer:
I like to travel but I have not had much opportunity yet. I love seeing new places and meeting new people. I would love to travel to the North-Eastern parts of India and to foreign countries. I am also a nature lover and would love seeing high mountains, clear lakes and green pastures.

Question 2.
‘Travel helps you to appreciate your own home more’. Justify this statement.
Answer:
Holidays, especially holidays abroad, can certainly help us to appreciate our own homes more. For example, if we go to the African desert and see the problems they have with potable water supply, we will appreciate our own water resources more. If we see the problems faced by people living in very cold climates, we will appreciate the heat in our country, and even be grateful for it.

Question 3.
Do you think that people travel more, or in a different way, as compared to people fifty years back? Explain your view.
Answer:
Yes, people certainly travel more today. They also travel for different reasons. Fifty years back, in India, people generally travelled only for religious reasons or to meet relatives and family. Travelling for sightseeing was rarer. Today, in addition to these reasons, people also travel for fun, relaxation and sight-seeing. People also go on holidays abroad, which was not done often earlier.

Question 4.
Do you think that we must always seek new experiences and new places? Or do you feel that the best place is home, and we must never move?
Answer:
If we just stick to our own homes, we will be like the frog in the pond, which thought its small pond was the whole world. This is not advisable in the world of today. To be happy and successful, we must be broad-minded and unbiased. We must see what the world and other cultures have to offer. We must try to imbibe the best from other cultures and places.

Language Study:

Question 1.
We carry values and beliefs and news to the places we go.
(Rewrite using ‘not only but also.)
Answer:
We carry not only values and beliefs but also news to the places we go.

Question 2.
Travel is the best way we have of rescuing the humanity of places.
(Use an infinitive in place of the gerund.)
Answer:
Travel is the best way we have to rescue the humanity of places.

Question 3.
The beauty of this process was best described by George Santayana.
(Rewrite beginning George Santayana)
Answer:
George Santayana best described the beauty of this process.

Question 4.
Yet for me the first great joy of travelling is simply the luxury of leaving all my beliefs and certainties at home. (Pick out the finite verb and say whether the sentence is simple, compound or complex.)
Answer:
finite verb-is; simple sentence

Question 5.
Pick out the phrasal verb from this sentence:
Abroad is the place where we stay up late.
Answer:
stay up

Question 6.
Travelling is a way to reverse time. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined word.)
Answer:
travelling – gerund

Question 7.
I tend to believe more abroad than I do at home. (Rewrite using as….as..)
Answer:
I tend not to believe as much at home as I do abroad.

Question 8.
Pick out the phrasal verb from these sentences:
Answer:
1. I remember, in fact, after my first trip to Southeast Asia, more than a decade ago, how I would come back to my apartment in New York.
2. All, in that sense, believed in, “being moved”
Answer:
1. come back
2. believed in

Question 9.
Anyone witnessing this strange scene would have drawn the right conclusion.
(Rewrite using ‘who’)
Answer:
Anyone who witnessed this strange scene would have drawn the right conclusion.

Question 10.
I remember how I would come back to my apartment in New York. (Rewrite using ‘used, to’.)
Answer:
I remember how I used to come back to my apartment in New York.

Question 11.
We have to carry our sense of destination. (Rewrite beginning‘Our sense….’)
Answer:
Our sense of destination has to be carried by us.

Question 12.
The most valuable Pacifies we explore will always be the vast expanses within us.
(Rewrite using more…than..)
Answer:
We will never explore more valuable Pacifies than the vast expanses within us.

Question 13.
It keeps the mind nimble. (Rewrite using the present perfect tense of the verb.)
Answer:
It has kept the mind nimble.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Guess the meaning: riches are differently dispersed
Answer:
cultures that are rich in ways different from ours.

Question 2.
Find out a past/present participle from the extract that has been used as an adjective :
Answer:
crooked angle (crooked-past participle)

Question 3.
Find out two pairs of antonyms from the extract:
Answer:
1. lose × find
2. ignorance × knowledge

Question 4.
Guess the difference between provisional and provincial.
Answer:
Provisional means temporary, whereas provincial means limited in outlook narrow.

Question 5.
Find out from the extract a few past / present participles that have been used as adjectives:
1. walking video screens
2. censored limits
3. living newspapers
4. impoverished places
Answer:
censored, impoverished – past participles used as adjectives
walking, living – present participles used as adjectives

Question 6.
Pick out four proper nouns for places from the extract.
Answer:
Kyoto, Pagan, Lhasa, Havana.

Question 7.
Find from the extract one word for the following :
1. A Japanese art of flower arrangement
2. Satisfaction of one with oneself or one’s own achievements.
Answer:
1. ikebana
2. complacencies

Question 8.
Complete the table with the words given in the brackets:
(values celebrate now deeply discovery apprehend wonderfully distant quietude foreign appreciative spins)
Answer:

Question 9.
Find out a past/present participle from the extract that has been used as an adjective:
Answer:
searching questions (searching – present participle)

Question 10.
Discuss the pun implied by the writer, ecstasy (ex-stasis):
Answer:
ecstasy – great joy. ex-stasis – previous period of inactivity or boredom. The words sound alike but have different meanings.

Question 11.
Guess the meaning:

1. many-tongued
2. mongrel
3. inheritance
4. notions

Answer:

1. many-tongued – a person who speaks many languages.
2. mongrel – (here) someone who has a mixed upbringing, someone of mixed cultures.
3. inheritance – the acquisition of a possession, condition, or trait from past generations.
4. notions – ideas.

Question 12.
Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B, with reference to the extract:

Answer:

1. great temples
2. new realm
3. typical specimen
4. essential notions
5. synthetic versions
6. foreign world

Question 13.
Give the adjective forms of:

1. perception
2. imagination
3. friendship
4. reality

Answer:

1. perception – perceptive
2. imagination – imaginative
3. friendship – friendly
4. reality – realistic

Question 14.
Give the verb forms of:

1. perception
2. imagination
3. friendship
4. conspiracy

Answer:

1. perception – perceive
2. imagination – imagine
3. friendship – befriend
4. conspiracy – conspire

Question 15.
Guess the meaning:

1. atoll
2. prejudice
3. fosters

Answer:

1. atoll – a coral island consisting of a reef surrounding a lagoon
2. prejudice – bias
3. fosters – encourages

Question 17.
Find from the extract the antonyms of:

1. worthless
2. public
3. nearest
4. familiar
5. outside
6. slow

Answer:

1. worthless × valuable
2. public × private
3. nearest × farthest
4. familiar × unfamiliar
5. outside × inside
6. slow × quick

Do as directed:

Question 1.
The queen loved her people and looked after the affairs of her kingdom well.
(Rewrite using ‘who’.)
Answer:
The queen, who loved her people, looked after the affairs of her kingdom well.

Question 2.
But I want to test this. (Change the voice.)
Answer:
But I want this to be tested.

Question 3.
The husband had a small smile on his lips while the wife looked sad.
(Rewrite beginning with ‘Though’)
Answer:
Though the husband had a small smile on his lips, the wife looked sad.

Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

Question 1.
You must neither tell me the whole story or at least the first part of it.
Answer:
You must either tell me the whole story or at least the first part of it.

Question 2.
No sooner did the Minister begin speaking, some rogues started shouting loudly.
Answer:
No sooner did the Minister begin speaking, than some rogues started shouting loudly.

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Class 12 English Chapter 1.6 Into the Wild Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.6 Into the Wild Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.6 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.6 Into the Wild Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Narrate in your class any of the incidents of your life when you were extremely terrified or awestruck.
Answer:
(Points: alone on a lonely road – lost somewhere – seeing a beautiful sunset – seeing beautiful mountains, etc.)

Question 2.
Complete the given table regarding the factors/situations/reasons – why you sometimes get scared and the factors that add to it. Give possible solutions:
Answer:

Question 3.
Given below are various activities which you can pursue as your hobby, passion, or profession. Complete the table accordingly:

Answer:

Question 4.
Match the following ‘Wildlife Sanctuaries’ with their locations:

Answer:

(A1)

Question (i)
In pairs, discuss the professions and challenges one can take happily if one is really passionate about the job.
(Points – professions: photography, environmental conservation, writing, reporting, music, choreography, etc. challenges – low salary, difficulties with organizations, uncooperative colleagues, severe competition, etc.

Question (ii)
In groups, organize a role play activity associated with ‘Wildlife Expert’/‘Wildlife Photographer’/ ‘Wildlife Conservator’, explaining the differences and similarities involved in their profession.
(Students can find out the details of each profession from the internet and organize a role play.)

(A2)

Question (ii)
Correct the false statements:
1. Earlier Shaaz was in the field of finance.
2. The writer saw the fight between the two leopards.
3. The photograph of the old leopard made Shaaz famous.
4. Saya is a black panther.
Answer:
False statements:
2. The writer saw the fight between the two leopards.
3. The photograph of the old leopard made Shaaz famous.
Corrected statements:
2. The writer did not see the fight between the two leopards.
3. The photograph of the young leopard made Shaaz famous.

Question (iii)
Complete the given web:

Answer:

Question (iv)
Complete the following:

Answer:

Question (v)
Complete the flow chart stating the reactions of the petrified Langurs due to the presence of the Leopard.

Answer:

Question (vi)
Complete the web, describing each step taken by the writer as a solitary traveller while moving in the jungle with great precaution:

Answer:

Question (vii)
Complete the table explaining the qualities that you would like to imbibe from Nature within yourself and provide the reasons for the same:
Answer:

(A3)

Question (i)
Choose the appropriate phrase/ expression from the extract given in the brackets: (time and again, to one’s heart’s content, in a jiffy)
(a) I was on a diet for some days but today I am going to eat ……………… .
(b) Every mother scolds her children …………… for the overuse of the mobile phone.
(c) All their educational problems were sorted out ………….. because of the funds given by an NGO.
(d) Raj ran at a ……………… to catch the train.
Answer:
I was on a diet for some days but today I am going to eat to my heart’s content.
Every mother scolds her children time and again for the overuse of the mobile phone.
All their educational problems were sorted out in a jiffy because of the funds given by an NGO.
Raj ran at a frantic speed to catch the train.

(A4)

(i) Begin the following sentences with the words given in the brackets:

Question (a)
I can guide visitors. (Visitors….)
Answer:
Visitors can be guided by me.

Question (b)
Animals are paying me back. (I……..)
Answer:
I am being paid back by animals.

Question (c)
Madegowda is employed by The Bison.
(The Bison )
Answer:
The Bison employs Madegowda.

Question (d)
Older leopards like Pardus carry away livestock from villages. (Livestock….)
Answer:
Livestock are carried away from villages by older leopards like Pardus.

Question (e)
I have lost almost 80 per cent of a season’s yield of sugarcane. (Almost 80 per cent.)
Answer:
Almost 80 per cent of a season’s yield of sugarcane has been lost by me.

Question (f)
Tracking an animal also teaches you life lessons. (Life lessons)
Answer:
Life lessons are also taught by tracking an animal.

Question (g)
Many things have been taught to me by the forests. (The forests)
Answer:
The forests have taught me many things.

Question (h)
Resentment among locals towards the animals is created by this. (This)
Answer:
This creates resentment among locals towards the animals.

(ii) Rewrite the sentences by using ‘not only…… but also’:

Question (i)
Rewrite the sentences by using ‘not only….but also’:
1. The petrified Langurs speeded to the trees near and far and secured their places on the treetops.
2. Umbarzara is the haven for Tigers, Leopards and Sloth Bears.
3. I crossed the cement pillar and stones stacked by the Forest Development Corporation.
Answer:
1. The petrified Langurs not only speeded to the trees near and far but also secured their places on the treetops.
2. Umbarzara is the haven not only for Tigers but also for Leopards and Sloth Bears.
3. I crossed not only the cement pillar but also the stones stacked by the Forest Development Corporation.

(A5)

Question (i)
Your college has decided to celebrate the World Environment Day. Mr. Kiran Purandare has been invited as the ‘Chief Guest’ for the event. Imagine you are the Secretary of the ‘Nature Club’ of your college and you have to conduct an interview of Mr. Kiran Purandare. Frame 8/10 questions for the same.
Answer:
Questions to interview Mr Kiran Purandare

Good morning, Sir. On behalf of the Nature Club of our college, I congratulate you on your achievements. We also loved your book ‘Sakha Nagzira’. I would like to ask you a few questions. May I? Thank you.

1. Please tell us something about the ‘Environmental Studies’ Course that you studied’.
2. Are there any such courses in India, especially in Maharashtra?
3. How did you get interested in the conservation of the environment?
4. Do you think that we, in Maharashtra, are doing enough to look after our environment?
5. How can we get permission to spend time inside sanctuaries?
6. You were mostly a solitary traveller inside the forest. What was the reason for this?
7. Are there any excursions/expeditions in which you are going to participate, in the near future?
8. How can we help you in your work?
9. Any tips/message for our Nature Club?

Thank you, sir, for answering our questions so frankly. We wish you all the best in your future endeavours.

Question (ii)
Imagine you have visited the jungles of Nagarhole. Write a report, to be published in your college magazine/in a local newspaper.
Answer:
A Week in a Jungle

Mysuru, 13 May: Four of us from N.S. College, Mysuru, spent a week at Nagarhole National Park (Rajiv Gandhi National Park), located in Kodagu District.

It was an exhilarating and educative week. The park is filled with waterfalls, hills, valleys, streams and forests. It is famous for its rich population of animals and birds. The Bengal Tiger, Indian Leopard, Sloth Bear, Striped Hyena, etc. are the predators that can be spotted in the park. Herbivores like Elephants, Chital, Sambar Deer and Barking Deer are also spotted around the national park.

As it was the month of May, and the water holes were drying up, plenty of animals visited the lake, and we had a grand time observing their habits from the machaan which was built for tourists. We were particularly careful not to disturb the environment by talking loudly or playing music. Hence, the animals were at their natural best. We were thrilled to see a pair of Bengal Tigers and a Leopard.

It was wonderful to see these majestic animals from such a close distance. It is truly an unforgettable experience. We could not see the Sloth Bear, but there were plenty of elephants and deer. After an experience like this one, all four of us have decided to visit various sanctuaries and take an avid interest in the wildlife of India.
– Shantanu Pratap.

Question (iii)
Shaaz has contributed towards conserving the wild animals and their habitat. Your college has decided to spread the message in society and arrange a rally. Prepare an ‘Appeal’ to ensure maximum participation informing about the day, date and other relevant details.
Answer:
Come One Come All!
Come With Friends And Family!

We need your help to save our planet!
Every species is essential for the survival of the planet.
Hence, we need to protect and conserve wild animals and their habitat.
You are the One With A Voice
Protect The Ones Without A Voice

Participate in our rally.
N.S. College Grounds To Forest Office
Date: 12 November Time: 9 a.m.
Save Animals-They Will Save You!

Question (iv)
Nature is a great teacher and a guide. Complete the mind map as instructed as per the titled concept:

Answer:

(A6)

Question (i)
Surf the net and obtain more information about the conservation work done by Shaaz. Prepare posters to inspire others and display them on your college notice board.

Question (ii)
Find out the information about the I qualification and eligibility required in the professions related to wildlife such as …………

• Forest officer/Ranger
• Wildlife photographer
• Environmentalist
• Geologist
• Tour Manager

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.6 Into the Wild Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below:

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Pick out the sentences that are false and write them correctly:
1. The narrator had made notes of the langurs in the region.
2. One has to be really alert while walking in the jungle.
3. The leopard was petrified.
4. There was a lot of noise in the jungle.
Answer:
False sentences:
1. The narrator had made notes of the langurs in the region.
3. The leopard was petrified.
Correct sentences:
1. The narrator had made notes of the birds in the region.
2. The langurs were petrified.

Question 2.
Complete the following:
Answer:
1. Shaaz named the leopards:
(a) Saya
(b) Scarface
(c) Pardus
2. The visitors are welcomed because they can volunteer to teach a skills training class of their choice. This enables locals to find employment either at the numerous wildlife resorts in the region or in a city.

Question 3.
Correct the false statements:
1. BCRTI was founded out of the genuine urge to conserve the habitat of the wild life.
2. Shaaz failed to utilize the finance incurred out of tourism.
3. According to the local agriculturist seeing is more essential than listening.
4. There was no specific buffer zone around Nagarhole.
Answer:
False statements:
2. Shaaz failed to utilize the finance incurred out of tourism.
3. According to the local agriculturist seeing is more essential than listening.
Corrected statements :
2. Shaaz put the finance incurred out of tourism to good use.
3. According to the local agriculturist listening is more essential than seeing.

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Pick out from the extract four sentences that show that the writer was frightened.
Answer:

1. The evening breeze flew through my wet curled hair.
2. My stomach was aching.
3. My legs were trembling.
4. The shaking of limbs had lessened a bit.

Question 2.
Describe the meaning of the acronym BCRTI and explain its benefits to the local people.
Answer:
The BCRTI is ‘Buffer Conflict Resolution Trust of India’. It’s an agency that educates villagers who live on the fringe of the forest on the importance of conservation. Under the BCRTI umbrella, Shaaz provides locals with vocational training, with the aim of educating them on the merits of conservation and to help them benefit from tourist currency. The visitors at the resort are welcome to volunteer to teach a skills training class of their choice. The acquired skills enable locals to find employment.

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis:

Question 1.
Explain: I was alone here like a fox:
Answer:
Foxes are solitary creatures. They move around and hunt alone. In the same way, the narrator was alone; he had come to the forest alone to do his research, and now he was going back to the village all alone. Hence, he compares himself to a fox.

Question 2.
Give the meaning of the word ‘hide’ in the context and give reasons for its usage here.
Answer:
A hide is a camouflaged shelter used to get a close view of wildlife. It is a place built to look like its surrounding. The writer was observing birds and noting their behaviour. If he was visible, the birds would not come near him or act in a natural manner. Hence, he had to build a hide, conceal himself in it and then observe birds unnoticed.

Question 3.
Give reasons:
Answer:
1. After meeting Raju, the writer and Raju both felt relaxed because now there were two of them-four eyes and four hands with a stick-to find their way out of the jungle and to battle predators.
2. The time was dreadful because it was evening and the sun was setting. Being alone in the jungle at night time with predators all around was dreadful.

Question 4.
What is called ‘silver lining’ of the trail by the writer? Why?
Answer:
The writer had lost his way in the jungle and was desperate to find a village and civilization. Then he found a bright red soil trail with the marks of a bicycle wheel on it. These marks showed that there was a village nearby. To the frightened and desperate writer, this was like a ‘silver lining’.

Question 5.
The writer said, “There still exists a jungle where we can get lost, isn’t this our good luck?” What does he mean by this?
Answer:
Human beings have tried to take over all the natural areas of the world. We have encroached on jungles and forests, and there are human inhabitations within the jungles too. To find a jungle where there is no sign of human life, and one can still get lost, shows that there are some areas untouched by humans and left to nature. That is what the writer called ‘our good luck’.

Question 6.
Describe Shaaz’s meetings with Scarface.
Answer:
One day, at sunset, Shaaz and his companions went round a blind turn and saw an old leopard, well past his prime. Close to him was another very young, good-looking male leopard who was soon to come into his prime. It was like looking at the past and the present. It was clear that there was going to be a fight. However, they had to leave as it was sunset.

The next day, when Shaaz went back to the spot, sitting on the high rock was Scarface, blood dripping from a gash across his face. He sat there like he was the king of the jungle, and Shaaz knew that he had taken over from the old leopard, and it was a new journey for both of them.

Question 7.
Find: The Bison is
Answer:
The Bison is an eco-friendly wildlife camp in South India. It offers some great opportunities for youngsters to learn about the area, people, the man-animal conflict, eco-tourism and hotel management.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Describe a safari you have been on or a trip through a forest. Narrate your experience in brief.
Answer:
I have gone to the Periyar National Park in Kerala. It is in the Western Ghats. This wildlife sanctuary is home to tigers and elephants. There are also deer, leopards and Indian bison. I have also been on a boat ride in the Periyar Lake. It was a wonderful experience to see tigers drinking at the watering holes. I really enjoyed the experience and will repeat it as soon as I can.

Question 2.
Have you ever been lost/lost your way? Narrate the experience.
Answer:
Yes, once when I was in Panchgani with my family I got lost. I decided to go for a walk alone. I set out without finding out the name of the road on which our hotel was situated. As I was walking, it suddenly began to rain heavily, and got quite dark. When I looked around I found that I was in a sort of a jungle. I was terrified; then I met a villager, but he could not help me. I did not even have my cellphone with me. I was in tears when all at once I saw my hotel. I had walked round in circles! I was very relieved. It was indeed a frightening experience.

Question 3.
How do you relax at the end of a tiring day? Give a brief description.
Answer:
At the end of a tiring day, I pick up a nice book or watch a good film on TV or Netflix. This relaxes me completely. If I go to sleep j directly, I am too tired and do not get good sleep. But if I spend half an hour or so unwinding, I really feel relaxed and sleepy.

Question 4.
Would you like to meet wild animals face to face? Give reasons to support your answer.
Answer:
No, I would not. I like to see wild animals only on TV. I feel that we should not intrude into their territory, and leave them to live in peace. Besides, they are wild and not tame, and one never knows how they may behave. I have read about a lot of people being killed by wild animals.

Language Study:

Question 1.
The surroundings were reminding me.
(Rewrite, beginning the sentence with ‘I…)
Answer:
I was being reminded by the surroundings.

Question 2.
I had apparently entered in the sanctum sanctorum of a miracle called leopard.
(Pick out the finite verb/s and state the tense.)
Answer:
had entered – past perfect tense.

Question 3.
Raju was amazed at my solitary visits to Umbarzara.
(Rewrite beginning ‘My solitary’)
Answer:
My solitary visits to Umbarzara amazed Raju.

Question 3.
Then we both resumed our walking tour, (Identify the part of speech of the underlined word.)
Answer:
walking-present participle acting as an adjective.

Question 4.
I found a bright red soil trail. (Rewrite beginning with‘A ’.)
Answer:
A bright red soil trail was found by me.

Question 5.
I had no other way to climb the hillock before me. (Rewrite as an affirmative sentence.)
Answer:
This was the only way I had to climb the hillock before me.

Question 6.
I climbed one more hillock and tried to locate signs of human civilization. (Rewrite beginning ‘Climbing’.)
Answer:
Climbing one more hillock, I tried to locate signs of human civilization.

Question 7.
The behaviour of the first black panther is being documented. (They….)
Answer:
They are documenting the behaviour of the first black panther.

Question 8.
All the research on the animal has been done through camera traps. (They….)
Answer:
They have done all the research on the animal through camera traps.

Question 9.
Shaaz recalls the incident with great clarity.
(Rewrite the sentence replacing the underlined expression with a single word.)
Answer:
Shaaz recalls the incident clearly.

Question 10.
Unfortunately, the sun was setting and we had to leave. (Rewrite using ‘because’.)
Answer:
Unfortunately, we had to leave because the sun was setting.

Question 11.
Use the word ‘guide’ as a noun and a verb in two separate sentences:
Answer:
1. We can guide children to behave well. {verb)
2. I hired a local guide to show me the sights of the palace, {noun)

Question 12.
The black panther has taught me patience. (Rewrite using the adjective form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
The black panther has taught me to be patient.

Question 13.
Listening is a sense far more important than sight. (Rewrite using ‘as…as…’)
Answer:
Sight is a sense not as important as listening.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Guess the meaning of the following words :

1. upheaval
2. predator
3. hovering
4. antelope

Answer:

1. upheaval – uproar; disturbance.
2. predator – an animal that preys on other animals.
3. hovering – fluttering in the air.
4. antelope – deer-like animal with hollow horns.

Question 2.
Give the meaning of the phrase ‘to stay put’ and use it in your own sentence.
Answer:
to stay put:
Meaning: remain somewhere without moving.
Sentence: My mother told me to stay put near the entrance when she went to buy the train ticket.

Question 3.
Write two adjectives from the extract used for the leopard.
Answer:
mighty, elusive.

Question 4.
Choose the correct option for: spooked –
(a) frightened
(b) happy
(c) angry
Answer:
frightened

Question 5.
Find the contextual meaning of‘stacked’:
Answer:
stacked – piled one on top of the other

Question 6.
Guess the meaning of ‘in a jiffy’:
Answer:
in a jiffy – in a moment; very soon

Question 7.
Make sentences of your own using the words:
1. slumped
2. stumbled
Answer:
1. slumped: I was so tired after the trek that I slumped onto my bed and fell I asleep immediately.
2. stumbled: I did not see the stone in the middle of the road and stumbled over it.

Question 8.
Guess the meaning of:
1. ‘felines’
2. chronicler
Answer:
1. felines: belonging to the cat family,
2. chronicler: a person who records something.

Question 9.
Pick out two pairs of antonyms from the : extract:
Answer:
1. old × young
2. past × present

Question 10.
Write the noun forms of:

1. famous
2. enviable
3. collect
4. including

Answer:

1. famous – fame
2. enviable – envy
3. collect – collection
4. including – inclusion

Question 11.
Write the adjective forms of the following:

1. incursion
2. territory
3. resentment
4. occasion
5. employment
6. region

Answer:

1. incursion – incursive
2. territory – territorial
3. resentment – resentful
4. occasion – occasional
5. employment – employable
6. region – regional ?

Question 12.
Choose the correct simple past tense forms of the following from the brackets:

1. teach – (teached, teaching, taught)
2. lose – (loser, lost, loose)
3. put – (put, putted, putting)
4. learn – (lean, learnt, learns)

Answer:

1. teach – taught
2. lose – lost
3. put – put
4. learn – learnt.

Non Textual Grammar:

Do as directed:

Question 1.
He had won a prize in the drawing competition. (Rewrite using the future perfect tense of the verb.)
Answer:
He will have won a prize in the drawing competition.

Question 2.
How could I call him a liar? (Rewrite as an assertive sentence.)
Answer:
I could not call him a liar.

Question 3.
All other things are unimportant. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
All other things are unimportant, aren’t they?

Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

Question 1.
Unless you do not listen to his advice, I am not going to help you.
Answer:
Unless you listen to his advice, I am not going to help you./If you do not listen to his advice, I am not going to help you.

Question 2.
Hardly had I reached the airport where I heard about the change in plans.
Answer:
Hardly had I reached the airport when I heard about the change in plans.

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Class 12 English Chapter 1.5 The New Dress Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.5 The New Dress Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.5 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.5 The New Dress Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write in Column ‘B’ the description of the clothes you would choose to wear for the occasions given in Column ‘A’:
Answer:

Question 2.
Discuss the criterion of the choice of your clothes with the help of given points:
Answer:
(a) Occasion: whether it is a birthday, wedding, picnic, college festival, etc.
(b) Society (people you may meet at the venue): friends, relatives, classmates, visitors, students from other colleges, etc.
(c) Availability: bought at a store, tailored, borrowed, etc.
(d) Fashion: designer clothes, casual, Indian formal, Western formal, etc.
(e) Your wish/whim: colour of my choice, style, etc.
(f) A suggestion or advice by someone (mother, sister, friend, etc.): Only advice by friends
(g) Any other than the above mentioned reasons: I would choose a dress that would suit me and set off my looks in the best possible way, even if it may be out of fashion. I would not go by whether it is expensive or branded.

Question 3.
Divide the class into groups. Discuss the role of costumes in enhancing your personality:
Answer:
(Points: clothes very important – first impressions important – colours, cut that suit a person – if the clothes are suitable, confidence level increases – however, it is not the cost of clothes but suitability to the wearer and occasion that are important – your clothes also depend on the culture and place.)

Question 4.
State whether you agree or disagree with the following statements and discuss the reasons:
Answer:
(a) A simple dress makes one’s personality look dull.
(Disagree – if the cut is good, the cloth is good – it suits the wearer – a simple dress can be excellent.)

(b) We should not judge ourselves from the comments we receive from others.
(Agree – we should have self-esteem – trust our judgement – do not have to seek approval from others – people may be envious, etc.)

(c) A fashionable and costly dress makes you look rich, intelligent and beautiful.
(Disagree – the dress must suit the wearer – should be worn with confidence – wearer should have good posture – accessories should be well-matched, etc.)

(d) We should choose a dress according to the fashion rather than our choice.
(Disagree – if we choose according to fashion, may not be comfortable – the fashion may not suit us-we may feel self-conscious – hence choose a dress according to our choice.)

(A1)

Question (i)
There are a few other characters mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way their reactions help us to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Answer:
Mabel told Robert Haydon that she felt like some dowdy, decrepit, horribly dingy old fly. She said it to reassure herself and appear detached and witty, and to show that she did not feel in the least out of anything.

Robert Haydon probably replied something to praise her, which Mabel felt was just politeness, and that he was being insincere. Though she was constantly looking for approval from others, she always felt suspicious when someone actually praised her, or said something in her favour. This shows that she has no self-esteem and a very big inferiority complex.

(A2)

Question (i)
Pick out the sentence/s from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs. Dalloway’s place.
Answer:
1. If she had been dressed like Rose Shaw, in lovely, clinging green with a ruffle of swansdown.
2. For she would not join Charles Burt and Rose Shaw, chattering like magpies and perhaps laughing at her by the fireplace.

Question (ii)
Mabel is thinking too much about her dress. Pick out two sentences supporting the above statement.
Answer:
1. It seemed to her that the yellow dress was a penance which she had deserved.
2. Then Mrs Holman was off, thinking her the most dried-up, unsympathetic twig she had ever met, absurdly dressed, too, and would tell every one about Mabel’s fantastic appearance.

Question (iii)
Critically analyze Mabel’s weak economic conditions in the past as one of the reasons that led her to choose the old-fashioned dress.
Answer:
Mabel did not belong to a rich family. She was one of a family of ten. They always had to be careful about their expenses, always counting the pennies. Her mother had to carry big cans the linoleum on the stairs was worn off, and there was always some minor domestic tragedy taking place.

Even when they went to seaside resorts, they stayed at lodges which never faced the sea directly, but at an odd angle, so that they had to squint to see the sea. Maybe indirectly she was still fighting with her weak economic conditions of the past, and this had made her choose the old-fashioned dress or it could have been some memories of the past that made her do it.

Question (iv)
The cause of Miss Mabel’s disappointment is not only her poor background in the past but her too much bookishness also Substantiate.
Answer:
To a certain extent this is true. She keeps thinking about the depressing lines she has read written by Shakespeare; she also keeps thinking of the story of the fly and the saucer, and how she is a fly and the others are dragonflies, butterflies and beautiful insects. Probably her over-active imagination, which led to her continuous disappointment with various things, was also due to extensive reading.

Question (v)
Do you appreciate Mabel’s tendency of deciding her own value from the comments given by others? Explain your views.
Answer:
No, I don’t. We all have our own likes and dislikes; we should wear what we like and behave in the manner we think is appropriate. We should not depend on the approval and comments of others to decide our value and worth. This is done only by those who have no confidence in themselves and no self-esteem.

(A3)

Question (i)
Write the synonyms for the word ‘dress’ by filling appropriate letters in the blanks. One is done for you.
Answer:
(a) a t t i r e
(b) g a r b
(c) c o s t u m e
(d) g a r m e n t
(e) o u t f i t
(f) a p p a r e l

Question (ii)
Conchology means the scientific study or collection of mollusc shells. Find out the meanings of:
1. Etymology
2. Archaeology
Answer:
1. Etymology – the study of the origin and history of words.
2. Archaeology – the scientific study of material remains (such as tools, pottery, jewelry, stone walls, and monuments) of past human life and activities.

(A4)

(i) Use the correct tense form of the verbs given in the brackets and rewrite the sentences.

Question (a)
She ………………….. (take/takes/took/had taken) that old fashion book of her mother a few months back.
Answer:
She had taken that book of her mother a few months back.

Question (b)
She ……………… (pecking/pecks/pecked) at her left shoulder for quite some time.
Answer:
She pecked at her left shoulder for quite some time.

Question (c)
One human should (done /doing/be doing) this for another always.
Answer:
One human should be doing this for another always.

Question (d)
All this (will be/is/have been) destroyed in a few years.
Answer:
All this will be destroyed in a few years.

Question (e)
She (feels/felt/will be feeling) like a dressmaker’s dummy standing there.
Answer:
She felt like a dressmaker’s dummy standing there.

(ii) Do as directed:

Question (a)
Lata will sing tonight. (Make it less certain.)
Answer:
Lata may sing tonight.

Question (b)
You should wear your uniform. (Show ability.)
Answer:
You can wear your uniform.

Question (c)
Sandeep may study to clear the examination. (Make it obligatory/compulsory.)
Answer:
Sandeep must study to clear the examination.

Question (d)
I can do it. (Make a sentence seeking permission.)
Answer:
May I do it?

(iii)

Question (a)
Frame three rules for the students of your college. (Non-textual grammar)
Answer:
1. Students must wear identity cards in the college premises.
2. Students must not loiter near the college gate.
3. Every student must have at least 75% attendance in every subject.

Question (b)
Frame three sentences giving advice to your younger brother.
Answer:
1. You should make a timetable for revision at least a month before the exams.
2. You should not eat junk food.
3. You should visit your dentist at least once every six months.

Question (iv)
Fill-in the blanks with appropriate modal auxiliaries according to the situation given in the following sentences:
Answer:
(a) Take an umbrella. It might rain later.
(b) People must not walk on the grass.
(c) May I ask you a question?
(d) The signal has turned red. You must wait.
(e) I am going to the library. I could find my friend there.

(A5)

Question (i)
Virginia Woolf has created many characters other than Miss Mabel with great skill. Write a character sketch of any one of them.
Answer:
One of the guests at Mrs. Dalloway’s party was Charles Burt. Mabel was impressed by him and longing for some praise from him. However, he was a malicious person, with no heart, no fundamental kindness and only a superficial appearance of friendliness. He liked to poke fun at people and see their reactions. He probably also liked to gossip about people and discuss them behind their backs, but his opinion made a great difference to Mabel.

Question (ii)
‘Clothes mean nothing until someone lives in them.’ Expand the idea in your own words.
Answer:
Clothes mean nothing until someone lives in them These are the words of Marc Jacobs, a fashion designer. It means that clothes gain importance and character only when someone is wearing them. The first impression that people have of a person is not only through the clothes that one is wearing but the way one is wearing those clothes.

The style a person adopts tells people a lot about his/her personality and character. The best and most expensive clothes can be unimpressive if the wearer does not carry himself/herself well. On the contrary, the simplest of clothes can look good and impressive if the wearer has good posture, self-confidence and self-esteem.

Hence, when we are buying clothes, we must not only be sure that they will suit us but that we will be comfortable in them and able to carry them well. So, we must choose clothes that make us feel good about ourselves, confident and happy.

(A6)

Question 1.
Go to a library and read the following books:
(a) ‘A Haunted House’ by Virginia Woolf
(b) ‘Mrs. Dalloway’ by Virginia Woolf

(A7)

Question 1.
Find out information about career opportunities in the following fields:

1. Fashion designing
2. Dress designing
3. Textile industry
4. Garment industry
5. Image consultancy
6. Psychology and Psychiatry

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.5 The New Dress Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below:

A1. Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
Answer:
1. What depressed Mabel was her appalling inadequacy, her cowardice and her mean, water-sprinkled blood.
2. The feeling that grew stronger as she went upstairs was that something was not quite right.
3. The eyelids of the guests flickered and then shut rather tight.

Question 2.
Complete the following:
Answer:

1. According to Mabel, fashion means cut, style, and cost, at least thirty guineas.
2. When Mabel was sitting over the teacups, she had thought that she could not be fashionable.
3. The book Mabel had chosen was an old Paris fashion book of her mother’s, of the time of the Empire.
4. Rose Shaw’s lips had a little satirical pucker.

Question 3.
Mabel knew that these were her main faults:
Answer:
envy and spite

Question 4.
Mable tried to imagine them like flies:
Answer:
Rose Shaw and all the other people

Question 5.
He stopped to listen to Mabel:
Answer:
Robert Haydon

Question 6.
She, Mabel, was a fly but the others were:
Answer:
dragonflies, butterflies, beautiful insects

Question 7.
Complete the following:
Answer:
1. Miss Milan’s workroom was terribly hot, stuffy and sordid, smelling of clothes and cabbage cooking.
2. When Mabel looked at herself in the glass, she saw a grey-white, mysteriously smiling, charming girl, the core of herself.

Question 8.
Match the following and write the complete answers:

Answer:

1. Miss Milan wanted to know about the length of the skirt.
2. Miss Milan let the canary pick a hemp
3. Mabel felt it was very weak to be so dependent on people’s opinions.
4. When Mabel was in Miss Dalloway’s drawing-room she suffered tortures and was awoken to reality.

Question 9.
Pick out the sentences that are false and write them correctly:
Answer:
1. Mabel was not at all confident when she went into the room.
2. Rose Shaw was actually looking very fierce and tragic.
3. Charles Burt wanted to talk to Mabel.
4. Charles Burt told Mabel that she was looking charming.
False sentences:
2. Rose Shaw was actually looking very fierce and tragic.
3. Charles Burt wanted to talk to Mabel.
4. Charles Burt told Mabel that she was looking charming.
Corrected sentences:
2. Mabel imagined that Rose Shaw would look very fierce and tragic.
3. Mabel wanted to talk to Charles Burt.
4. Mabel wished that Charles Burt had told her that she was looking charming.

Question 10.
Match the sentences from Box A and Box B and rewrite the completed sentences:
Answer:
A:
1. Mrs. Holman did not notice Mabel’s dress
2. Mabel was angry because
3. Mrs. Holman leaned forward and told Mabel
4. Mabel compared the clamour and greed of human beings for sympathy
B:
(a) Mrs. Holman treated her like a house agent or messenger boy.
(b) how her eldest boy had strained his heart running.
(c) to a row of cormorants, barking and flapping their wings.
(d) because she was worried about her family.
Answer:

1. Mrs. Holman did not notice Mabel’s dress because she was worried about her family.
2. Mabel was angry because Mrs. Holman treated her like a house agent or messenger boy.
3. Mrs. Holman leaned forward and told Mabel how her eldest boy had strained his heart running.
4. Mabel compared the clamour and greed of human beings for sympathy to a row of cormorants, barking and flapping their wings.

Answer in very brief:

Question 1.
What did Mabel do to look busy?
Answer:
punched the cushions

Question 2.
Who were chatting near the fireplace?
Answer:
Charles Burt and Rose Shaw

Question 3.
What was Rose Shaw wearing?
Answer:
a lovely, clinging green dress with a ruffle of swansdown

Question 4.
What type of job did Hubert have?
Answer:
a safe, permanent underling’s job in the Law Courts

Question 5.
Who was Mabel’s hero?
Answer:
Sir Henry Lawrence

Question 6.
Where did Mabel dream of living?
Answer:
in India

Question 7.
Choose the correct alternative and fill in the blanks:

1. The children ……………. as they paddled. (shouted/cried)
2. The Goddess was …………….. but ……………. (ugly/kind/beautiful/cruel)
3. Mabel was years old. (fifty/forty)
4. All Mabel’s brothers and sisters were …………….. people, (strong/weak)
5. Mabel went to the seaside at ……………. .(Christmas/Easter)
6. Now that Mabel was older, the stories about the fly and the saucer would come more ……………… (seldom/often)

Answer:

1. The children shouted as they paddled.
2. The Goddess was beautiful but cruel.
3. Mabel was forty years old.
4. All Mabel’s brothers and sisters were weak people.
5. Mabel went to the seaside at Easter.
6. Now that Mabel was older, the stories about the fly and the saucer would come more seldom.

Question 8.
Who said to whom:
OR
Complete the following table:
Answer:

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Pick out the sentences from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs. Dalloway’s place.
Answer:
Mrs. Barnet, while handing her the mirror and touching the brushes and thus drawing her attention, perhaps rather markedly, to all the appliances for tidying and improving hair, complexion, clothes, which existed on the dressing table.

Question 2.
Who was Mrs. Barnet? Describe her behaviour.
Answer:
Mrs. Barnet was probably the maid or housekeeper. She held the mirror, touched the brushes, and drew Mabel’s attention, rather markedly, to the appliances kept on the dressing table for improving one’s looks. She indirectly indicated to Mabel that something about Mabel’s looks was not quite right.

Question 3.
Mabel is thinking too much about her dress. Pick out a sentence supporting the above statement.
Answer:
She could not face the whole horror – the pale yellow, idiotically old-fashioned silk dress with its long skirt and its high sleeves and its waist and all the things that looked so charming in the fashion book, but not on her, not among all these ordinary people.

Question 4.
Pick out the sentences from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs. Dalloway’s place.
Answer:
Rose herself being dressed in the height of the fashion, precisely like everybody else, always.

Question 5.
Describe the dress Mabel was wearing, What had been Mabel’s thoughts about it earlier?
Answer:
The dress was a pale yellow, old-fashioned silk dress, with a long skirt and high sleeves and waist. It had looked so charming in the fashion book, but not on her. Mabel had thought earlier that the dress would I make her look modest, old-fashioned and charming.

Question 6.
Pick out the sentences from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs. Dalloway’s place.
Answer:
She was a fly, but the others were dragonflies, butterflies, beautiful insects, dancing, fluttering, skimming.

Question 7.
What did Mabel say to Robert Haydon, and why did she say it? Describe their interactions.
Answer:
Mabel said that she felt like some dowdy, decrepit, horribly dingy old fly. She said it to reassure herself and appear detached and witty, and to show that she did not feel in the least out of anything. Robert Haydon heard this and replied with some polite and insincere words.

Question 8.
Mabel is thinking too much about her dress. Pick out some sentences supporting the above statement.
Answer:
She looked at herself with the dress on, finished, an extraordinary bliss shot through her heart. Suffused with light, she sprang into existence.

Question 9.
Describe Miss Milan.
Answer:
Miss Milan was poor and hard-working. Her face was red and her eyes bulged. Her pleasures in life were few and cheap; one of them was allowing her pet canary to pick a hemp-seed from between her lips. She was patient and had to endure a lot of difficulties.

Question 10.
Mabel is thinking too much about her dress. Pick out a sentence supporting the above statement.
Answer:
She issued out into the room, as if spears were thrown at her yellow dress from all sides.

Question 11.
Pick out the sentence/s from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs. Dalloway’s place.
Answer:
……….. and not be whipped all around in a second by coming into a room full of people.

Question 12.
Describe Mabel’s behaviour as she entered the room.
Answer:
Mabel went out into the room, as if spears were thrown at her yellow dress from all sides. But instead of looking fierce or tragic, she looked foolish and self-conscious. She smiled in a silly way, like a schoolgirl, and slouched across the room, moving quietly, as if she were a beaten dog. She then stood by herself and looked at a picture-from shame, from humiliation.

Question 13.
What had been Mabel’s dreams before marriage? Did they come true?
Answer:
Mabel had dreamt of living in India, married to some hero like Sir Henry Lawrence, or some empire builder. However, she had failed utterly, and had married Hubert, who had an ordinary job in the Law Courts. They lived in a small house without proper maids.

Question 14.
Discuss Mabel’s opinion of herself as a wife and mother.
Answer:
Mabel felt that she had always been a fretful, weak, unsatisfactory mother, and an unsteady and uncertain wife. She felt that she was hanging about lazily in a kind of twilight existence with nothing very clear or very bold, or standing out.

Question 15.
Describe the actions of the fly in Mabel’s imagination. Would the fly behave in the same way (as it did in her imagination), now that she was forty?
Answer:The fly in her imagination suddenly struggled out sometimes. But now that she was forty, she felt that the fly, and she, Mabel, would gradually cease to struggle any more.

Question 16.
Pick out the sentences from the extract which describe the ambience of the party at Mrs. Dalloway’s place.
Answer:

1. “But it’s too early to go,” said Mrs. Dalloway, who was always so charming.
2. “I have enjoyed myself,” she said to Mr. Dalloway, whom she met on the stairs.
3. She thanked Mrs. Barnet for helping her.

Question 2.
Describe Mabel’s plans and expectations for the next day.
Answer:
Mabel planned that she would go to the London Library the next day. She would find some wonderful, helpful, astonishing book, by a clergyman or by an American no one had ever heard of or she would walk down the Strand and drop into a hall where a miner was telling about the life in the pit, and suddenly she would become a new person. She would be transformed. She would wear a uniform; somebody would call her Sister : she would never give a thought to clothes again. And after that she would be perfectly clear about Charles Burt and Miss Milan forever.

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis:

Question 1.
There is another character mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way his/ her reactions help us to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Answer:
Mrs. Barnet touched the brushes and drew Mabel’s attention, rather markedly, to the appliances kept on the dressing table for improving one’s looks. She indirectly indicated to Mabel that something about Mabel’s looks was not quite right. Mabel immediately lost whatever confidence she had. This shows us that Mabel’s inferiority complex was so deep and strong that even a housekeeper’s hint rattled her and made her lose confidence.

Question 2.
Complete the following:
‘RIGHT’ signifies ………………. .
Answer:
‘RIGHT’ signifies the suitability of the dress for the occasion.

Question 3.
Complete the following:
She was afraid of looking in the mirror/glass because
Answer:
She was afraid of looking in the mirror/glass because she felt that she looked horrible in the pale yellow, old-fashioned silk dress, with a long skirt and high sleeves and waist.

Question 4.
There is another character mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way his/her reactions help us to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Answer:
Rose Shaw looked at Mabel up and down, twisting her lips in a sarcastic manner, Mabel had expected her to do this. Mabel also felt that Rose and all the others present were dressed, as always, in the height of fashion. This shows us how sensitive Mabel was to the behaviour of others and how she thought j that they were always right in fashion, while she was not. This indicates Mabel’s lack of self-esteem and self-worth.

Question 5.
What was Mabel’s imagination about flies?
Answer:
Mabel felt that we are all like flies trying to crawl over the edge of the saucer, some crawling slowly with their wings stuck together. In order to make the other people at the party look insignificant and unimportant, she tried hard to visualize them as poor, struggling flies, trying to pull themselves out of something or into something.

However, her inferiority complex was so strong that she ultimately saw only herself as a fly trying to drag itself out of the saucer. She saw the others as dragonflies, butterflies, beautiful insects, dancing, fluttering and skimming lightly.

Question 6.
Complete the following:
Answer:
Mabel’s eyes were filled with tears because she felt sorry for poor Miss Milan, who had such few pleasures in life. Those too were cheap ones, like allowing her pet canary to pick a hemp-seed from between her lips. Miss Milan was helping Mabel to become fashionable, and hence Mabel felt very fond of her and full of pity for her condition.

Question 7.
Discuss different pessimistic thoughts in Mabel’s mind.
Answer:
Mabel felt that all the thrill she had felt in her dress had vanished when she entered Mrs. Dalloway’s drawing room, and her eyes were opened to the reality of the dress. She felt depressed and weak that at her age, and with two children, she cared so much about the opinions of other people and did not have any principles or convictions of her own. She was upset that she could not take things lightly, as others did. She found plenty of faults in herself.

Question 8.
There is another character mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way his/ her reactions help us to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Answer:
Mabel told Charles Burt that ‘it’ was old- fashioned, hoping that he would think it was the picture she was talking about, and not her dress. She longed for Charles’ approval, and hoped he would say that she looked charming. But Charles Burt laughed at her, and this upset her tremendously.

She wished she had the confidence to be sure that Miss Milan was right about her dress and Charles was wrong, but unfortunately that was not so, and Charles’ laughter and his malice made her feel even more humiliated and inferior than before. This shows us that Mabel depended heavily on the approval of others and had no self-esteem.

Question 9.
There is another character mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way his/her reactions help us to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Answer:
When Mrs. Holman asked her questions about Elmthorpe and other things, Mabel was furious to be treated like a house agent or a messenger boy, to be made use of. It shows that she is insecure about herself, and feels that people are always humiliating her. Even a person like Mrs. Holman, who is having a difficult time with her family, can make Mabel feel insecure and inferior.

Question 10.
There are a few other characters mentioned in this extract. Discuss the way their reactions help us to understand the inferiority complex of Mabel.
Answer:
Mabel thought that Charles Burt and Rose Shaw were chatting together by the fireplace and laughing at her. She could not hear them, but this was her imagination and inferiority complex which made her think so. Mabel even felt that poor Mrs. Holman was laughing at her dress, and that she would tell everyone about it. Mrs. Holman had so many of her own problems that she probably never even thought of it, but Mabel’s lack of confidence made her feel so.

Question 11.
Describe Mabel’s ‘delicious/divine’ and ‘flat’ moments. Was there a reason for them?
Answer:
The delicious moments of Mabel’s life were reading contentedly in bed, or being down by the sea in the sun and sand at Easter, listening to the melody of the waves and the happy shouts of the children paddling in the water. Also, sometimes she had these moments with Hubert, when he was carving the mutton for Sunday lunch, opening a letter, or coming into the room. On the other hand, sometimes, when everything was arranged – music, weather, holidays – and there was every reason for happiness, it turned suddenly flat.

Question 12.
Complete the following:
The last sentence suggests that
Answer:
The last sentence suggests that however hard Mabel tries to be stylish or fashionable, she is ultimately a middle-class, ordinary woman. She did not have enough money to buy a new cloak. She could not have competed with the rich, stylish people at the party. However, she did not want to accept this fact gracefully, but always felt inferior.

Question 13.
“I have enjoyed myself,” said Mabel. Was this the truth? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
This was not the truth. Though Mabel tells Mr. and Mrs. Dalloway that she has enjoyed herself, she says “Lies, lies, lies!” to herself while going down the stairs. She also mentions that she, like the fly, is right back in the saucer, implying that she would again have to struggle unhappily to climb out of it.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
List the criteria you use to choose a dress/outfit.
Answer:
When I buy a dress, the first thing I look at is the price. If it is beyond my budget, I don’t even think of buying it, however much I like it. I then look at the colour and cut. I do not go in for branded stuff as I feel they are unnecessarily expensive. I am careful while buying clothes as I have limited pocket money. I try to buy things which I can mix and match.

Question 2.
Describe the kind of clothes you wear to college. Do you feel that your clothes do not match to those worn by your friends?
Answer:
I normally wear jeans and T-shirts to college. Everyone else wears the same. All my friends belong to middle-class families, and none of us go in for very fashionable or expensive clothes. I only try to choose colours that I know will look good on me. So, I am quite comfortable with my clothes and know that I look what I am – a young college student!

Question 3.
Do you look for approval from others when you do something/wear something?
Answer:
Yes, to a certain extent I do. After all, we are not solitary human beings, we live in society. When I wear a dress that I think is good, I like others to approve of it too. But I do not get upset if they don’t, because I know that everybody’s tastes are different. In the same way, if I do something outstanding and no one notices it, I do get a bit upset but then I console myself that I am happy, and that is what matters.

Question 4.
Name some simple things that make you feel really happy. Explain why it is so.
Answer:
I feel really happy at the beginning of spring. Just outside my bedroom window there are a few trees which lose their leaves in winter, but get fresh, tender green leaves in March. I watch the increase of leaves daily, and feel very happy. It sort of makes me feel that there is hope and life everywhere, even after a dreary winter.

Question 5.
Does your attention often wander when people are talking to you? Give examples.
Answer:
No, in general it does not. I try to pay full attention when someone is talking to me. But if the person is very slow, or is talking on a very boring topic or boasting, then my attention does wander. For example, the other day my neighbour Aditya was telling me in great detail about some great thing that he did. Aditya is a big liar, and exaggerates everything, so my attention wandered and he got upset with me!

Question 6.
Do you feel nervous/confident when you are at a party? Give examples.
Answer:
If I am attending a party where I do not know the people very well, then I feel nervous. For example, I was invited to a party at my school teacher’s house, in the next building. I did not know anyone there except my teacher, and I felt quite nervous. But when I attend a friend’s party, or a family gathering then I do not feel nervous at all. In fact, I look forward to such parties.

Question 7.
Describe your relationship with your siblings/cousins.
Answer:
I have an elder sister, who is two years older than me. I get along very well with her, because she is kind and very loving. She helps me a lot in my studies, and in choosing my clothes. She has many friends, and I know all of them and get along well with them. We enjoy watching movies at home and listening to music.

Question 8.
Describe one fulfilled/unfulfilled dream of yours.
Answer:
I am an avid reader. I have read many books written by English authors, in which they have described places in England and Scotland, and the beautiful green scenery. It had been my dream to see all this at least once, but it had seemed impossible, as it would have been very expensive. Then one fine day, a cousin got married in Scotland, and she wanted all of us to be present. My parents decided to go and take me along. We toured UK for fifteen days after the wedding, and my dream was fulfilled.

Language Study:

Question 1.
Mabel had her first serious suspicion that something was wrong as she took her cloak off.
(Frame a wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer.)
Answer:
When did Mabel have her first serious suspicion that something was wrong?

Question 2.
What a fright she looks! What a hideous new dress! (Rewrite as assertive sentences.)
Answer:
She looks a real fright. The new dress is very hideous.

Question 3.
Rewrite as an assertive sentence:
“How dull!”
Answer:
It was very dull.

Question 4.
She dared not look in the glass. She could not face the whole horror.
(Rewrite as affirmative sentences.)
Answer:
She was afraid to look in the glass. She was unable to face the whole horror.

Question 5.
If she could say that over often enough, she would become numb, chill, frozen, dumb.
(Pick out the clauses and state their type.)
Answer:
she would become numb, chill, frozen, dumb – main clause
If she could say that over often enough – adverb clause of condition

Question 6.
“Lies! Lies! Lies!” (Rewrite as an assertive sentence.)
Answer:
It was all lies.

Question 7.
Now she could see flies crawling slowly out of a saucer of milk. (Rewrite using ‘able’.)
Answer:
Now she was able to see flies crawling slowly out of a saucer of milk.

Question 8.
It smelt of clothes and cabbage cooking; and yet, when Miss Milan put the glass in her hand, an extraordinary bliss shot through her heart. (Rewrite using ‘though’.)
Answer:
Though it smelt of clothes and cabbage cooking, when Miss Milan put the glass in her hand, an extraordinary bliss shot through her heart.

Question 9.
She felt much, much fonder of Miss Milan than of any one in the whole world.
(Rewrite using ‘asfond … as’.)
Answer:
She did not feel as fond of anyone in the whole world as she felt of Miss Milan.

Question 10.
Suffused with light, she sprang into existence. (Rewrite as a compound sentence.)
Answer:
She was suffused with light and sprang into existence.

Rewrite in indirect speech:

Question 1.
If he had only said, “Mabel, you’re looking charming tonight!” it would have changed her life.
Answer:
If he had only told Mabel that she was looking charming that night, it would have changed her life.

Question 2.
“Mabel’s got a new dress!” he said.
Answer:
He said that Mabel had got a new dress.

Question 3.
“Why,” she asked herself, “can’t I feel one thing always, feel quite sure that Miss Milan is right, and Charles wrong and stick to it?”
Answer:
She asked herself why she couldn’t feel one thing always, feel quite sure that Miss Milan was right, and Charles wrong and stick to it?

Question 4.
Then Mrs. Holman, seeing her standing there, bore down upon her. (Rewrite as a complex sentence.)
Answer:
Then Mrs. Holman, who saw her standing there, bore down upon her.

Question 5.
Mrs. Holman looked at it suspiciously.
(Frame a wh-question to get the underlined word as the answer.)
Answer:
How did Mrs. Holman look at it?

Question 6.
Though Mrs. Holman was leaning forward and telling her how her eldest boy had strained his heart running, she could see her, too, quite detached in the looking glass. (Rewrite using ‘yet’.)
Answer:
Mrs. Holman was leaning forward and telling her how her eldest boy had strained his heart running; yet, she could see her, too, quite detached in the looking glass.

Question 7.
She knew that she was condemned.
(Identify the clauses.)
Answer:
She knew – main clause
that she was condemned – subordinate noun clause

Question 8.
She would not join Charles Burt and Rose Shaw, chattering like magpies and perhaps laughing at her by the fireplace.
(Rewrite using ‘who’.)
Answer:
She would not join Charles Burt and Rose Shaw, who were chattering like magpies and perhaps laughing at her by the fireplace.

Question 9.
She had married Hubert, with his safe, permanent underling’s job in the Law Courts, and they managed tolerably in a smallish house, without proper maids.
(Pick out the verbs and state their tense.)
Answer:
had married – past perfect tense; managed – simple past tense.

Question 10.
By degrees she would cease to struggle any more. (Rewrite using an adverb of the same meaning in place of the underlined expression.)
Answer:
Gradually, she would cease to struggle any more.

Question 11.
It didn’t matter so long as one never said them. (Rewrite using ‘unless’)
Answer:
It didn’t matter unless one said them.

Question 12.
With Hubert sometimes she had divine moments.
(Rewrite beginning ‘Divine moments…’.)
Answer:
Divine moments were had with Hubert sometimes.

Question 13.
‘I have enjoyed myself,” she said to Mr. Dalloway, whom she met on the stairs. (Rewrite using indirect speech.)
Answer:
She told Mr. Dalloway, whom she met on the stairs, that she had enjoyed herself.

Question 14.
She thanked Mrs. Barnet for helping her.
(Rewrite using ‘because’.)
Answer:
She thanked Mrs. Barnet because she had helped her.

Question 15.
She would never give a thought to clothes again. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
She would never give a thought to clothes again, would she?

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Pick out two words from the extract formed by using prefixes.
Answer:
inadequacy, dissatisfaction

Question 2.
Write the noun forms of:

1. improve
2. suspect
3. attend
4. depress

Answer:

1. improve – improvement
2. suspect – suspicion
3. attend – attendance
4. depress – depression

Question 3.
Write the adjective forms of the following words :

1. fashion
2. style
3. horror
4. thought

Answer:

1. fashion – fashionable
2. style – stylish
3. horror – horrible
4. thought – thoughtless/thoughtful

Question 4.
Write the meanings of:
1. satirical
2. chastised
Answer:
1. satirical – sarcastic
2. chastised – punished

Question 5.
Pick out four infinitives from the extract.
Answer:
to make, to hear, to reassure, to crawl.

Question 6.
Pick out four words ending in ‘ing’ from the extract.
Answer:
trying, crossing, crawling, listening

Question 7.
Write the antonyms of the following words using prefixes:

1. endurable
2. polite
3. sincere
4. real

Answer:

1. endurable × unendurable
2. polite × impolite
3. sincere × insincere
4. real × unreal

Question 8.
Pick out four abstract nouns from the extract.
Answer:
bliss, existence, patience, endurance.

Question 9.
Pick out four adjectives from the extract:
Answer:
stuffy, sordid, charming, miserable.

Question 10.
Write the verb forms of:

1. opinion
2. endurance
3. bulging
4. hot

Answer:

1. opinion – opine
2. endurance – endure
3. bulging – bulge
4. hot-heat

Question 11.
Guess the meanings:
1. suffused
2. wrinkles
Answer:
1. suffused – filled with.
2. wrinkles – folds or creases in the skin.

Question 12.
Match the words in Column A with their meanings in Column B:

Answer:

1. simpered – smiled in an affectedly coy or silly manner
2. slouched – moved in a lazy, drooping way
3. slinking – moving quietly and stealthily
4. shoved – pushed
5. ruffled – loss of calmness.
6. veneer – superficial appearance

Question 13.
Guess the meanings:
1. scarlet fever
2. self-loathing
Answer:
1. scarlet fever – a bacterial illness; symptoms are a bright red rash that covers most of the body, a sore throat and a high fever.
2. self-loathing – self-hatred.

Question 14.
Write the verb forms of the following :

1. humiliation
2. agony
3. suspicious
4. grudgingly

Answer:

1. humiliation – humiliate
2. agony – agonise
3. suspicious – suspect
4. grudgingly – grudge

Question 15.
Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns in Column B, based on the extract:

Answer:

1. domestic – tragedy
2. unsympathetic – twig
3. feeble – creature
4. smallish – house

Question 16.
Pick out two compound words from the extract:
Answer:
backwater, seaside

Question 17.
Find the meaning:
1. crest of a wave
2. by degrees
Answer:
1. crest of a wave – the top of a wave
2. by degrees – gradually

Question 18.
Write two adjectives from the extract for each of the following, and write down which are the present participles from these:

1. moments
2. sky
3. life
4. wife

Answer:

1. moments → divine, delicious
2. sky → blue, smooth
3. life → creeping, crawling
4. wife → fretful, weak

Present participles: creeping, crawling.

Non-Textual Grammar:

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Speechless, she smiled happily and gathered her daughter into her arms.
(Rewrite using the infinitive form of ‘speak’.)
Answer:
Unable to speak, she smiled happily and gathered her daughter into her arms.

Question 2.
He wiped the water off and gently wrapped it in pink paper. (Rewrite as a simple sentence.)
Answer:
Wiping the water off, he gently wrapped it in pink paper.

Question 3.
Dhruv had never received such a gift.
(Rewrite as an affirmative sentence.)
Answer:
It was the first time that Dhruv had received such a gift.

Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

Question 1.
Not only did his speech improve and his expression also became clearer.
Answer:
Not only did his speech improve but his expression also became clearer.

Question 2.
Must you pass me the salt, please?
Answer:
Can you pass me the salt, please?

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Class 12 English Chapter 1.4 Big Data-Big Insights Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.4 Big Data-Big Insights Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.4 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.4 Big Data-Big Insights Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Give business suggestions to the respective industry/company for the following situations. You have received data that –
Answer:
(a) Many passengers prefer morning flights between 7 am and 9 am from Mumbai to Delhi.
Suggestion: Increase the number of flights between 7 am and 9 am.

(b) Many students are opting for UPSC/ MPSC Exams.
Suggestion: Increase the number of examination centres as well as job opportunities.

(c) Many people go for morning walk to Kamla Nehru Park.
Suggestion: Open the gates of the Park earlier and close them only at noon. Also, clean the Park the previous night before closing or very early in the morning. Keep security guards in the mornings to maintain discipline.

(d) Many people buy clothes from miracle.com an online shopping site.
Suggestion: Increase the variety and brands in clothes. Give discounts and incentives to new and regular customers. Start various schemes.

(e) The viewership on television is more between 8 pm and 10 pm.
Suggestion: Telecast serials with the highest TRPs and socially important ads (like eye donation, polio drops, etc.) at this time.

Question 2.
People get information from various sources: Can you name a few?

Answer:
Sources of Information:

1. Facebook
2. Internet
3. WhatsApp
4. Dictionary
5. Encyclopedia

(A1)

Question 1.
YouTube has many videos on various things. Listen to the uses and health benefits of ‘Lemon’ and share them with your friends.

(A2)

(i) Make pointwise notes from the lesson regarding the uses of Big Data in the following application. Do not write complete sentences.

Question (a)
‘Location Tracking’.
Answer:

1. Used by Google Maps and GPS to identify and track location of a place.
2. Geographic positioning, radio frequency identification sensors data about traffic conditions on particular route.
3. Can plan route according to travel time, transportation of the goods.
4. Companies reduce risks in transport improves speed, reliability in delivery.

Question (b)
Health Care Industry.
Answer:
Uses of Big Data:
Various apps, smartwatches, gadgets, etc. collect data about various functions of our body.

1. Data analyzed and feedback provided.
2. Doctors can have a better diagnosis of any ailment effects of any drug.
3. Past data of patients maintained suggestions, solutions for their problems given.
4. Helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics, diseases.

Question (c)
Education Industry.
Answer:

1. Get information about the study patterns of students – can now prepare customized and dynamic learning programmes according to need of individual students.
2. Every student’s comprehension level is different – course material designed to cater to different requirements of the students. One-size-fits-all pitfall avoided.
3. Students’ choices, difficulties, results, etc. are available.
4. Strengths and weaknesses gauged -guidance while choosing career.

Question (ii)
When you are asked for personal details on social media, mention precautions that you will take.
Answer:
When I am asked for personal details on social media, I first try to find out who wants them and why. I never reveal credit/ debit card pin numbers, even if it is a bank asking me. I never give my mobile/adhaar card numbers either. I also keep my social media accounts private and visible only to friends. Only after checking and re-checking do I give any details, for I know that there are many cases of exploitation going on.

Question (iii)
Do you think all the data we receive is used for positive things? If ‘No’, make a list of the negative things which can be done with the help of Big Data.
Answer:
Negative things which can be done with the help of Big Data:

1. Loss of privacy-Big Data has all information about us.
2. Misuse of personal information
3. Leaking of information-this leads to thefts, blackmail, cheating, and so on.
4. Data may fall into wrong hands, and a person may be harassed.
5. Unsolicited calls and emails based on your internet history.

(A3)

Question 1.
Guess the meaning of the following idioms and phrases and use them in sentences of your own. One is done for you.
One-size-fits-all – suitable for or used in all circumstances
The wrist watches have adjustable belts, so one – size – fits – all.

Question (a)
‘Once in a blue moon’:
Answer:
Meaning: very rarely.
Sentence: Our English teacher is very strict and smiles only once in a blue moon.

Question (b)
‘One man army’ :
Answer:
Meaning: A ‘one-man army’ is someone who can do, or thinks he can do, everything by himself and without assistance.

(A4)

Do as directed.

Question (a)
Advertisers are one of the biggest players in Big Data.
1. Begin the sentence with ‘Very few ……………’
2. Use ‘bigger than’ and rewrite the sentence.
Answer:
1. Very few players in Big data are as big as advertisers.
2. Very few players in Big Data are bigger than advertisers.

Question (b)
No other diagnosis is as good as the diagnosis done with the help of Big Data.
1. Use ‘best’ and rewrite the sentence.
2. Use ‘better than’ and rewrite the sentence.
Answer:
1. The diagnosis done with the help of Big data is the best diagnosis.
2. No other diagnosis is better than the diagnosis done with the help of Big Data.

Question (c)
These internet giants provide the greatest data about people.
1. Begin the sentence with ‘No other ……………’
2. Use ‘greater than’ and rewrite the sentence.
Answer:
1. No other networking services provide greater data about people than these internet giants.
2. No other networking services provide greater data about people than these internet giants. OR These internet giants provide greater data about people than any other networking services.

Question (ii)
Read the sentence from the text.
New insights have enabled the banks and finance companies to come up with suitable plans.
Answer:
New insights have enabled either the banks or the finance companies to come up with suitable plans.

Question (a)
New insights have enabled the banks and finance companies to come up with suitable plans. (Rewrite using ‘either … or’.)
Answer:
New insights have enabled either the banks or the finance companies to come up with suitable plans.

Question (b)
Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored and analysed. (Rewrite using ‘either … or’.)
Answer:
Whatever activity we do online is either recorded, monitored or analysed.

Question (c)
Weather sensors and satellites help us to understand the weather and help in weather forecasting. (Rewrite using ‘either … or’.)
Answer:
Weather sensors and satellites help us to either understand the weather or help in weather forecasting.

(A5)

Question (i)
Interview the students of your class regarding the career they would like to pursue and the reason for selecting that particular career. Collect the data and analyse the information you have collected. Answer:
(Sample questions)
Hi, Rohan. I would like to ask you a few questions regarding the career you would like to pursue and the reason for selecting that particular career. Are you ready? Thanks.

1. Which are your favourite subjects?
2. Have you decided on the career you would like to pursue?
3. Why have you selected that particular career?
4. What are the exams you have to pass or the qualifications you must have to pursue this career?
5. What type of work does it involve?
6. What are the job opportunities?
7. Will you have chances of business travel?
8. Is the salary structure good?
9. Is your family happy with your choice?
10. Is this your final choice, or are you still in the process of deciding?

Thanks, Rohan. I have learnt a lot from this interview today. Bye.

Question (ii)
To listen well is as powerful a means of influence as to talk well and is essential to all true conversations.
Form a group and have a group discussion on the topics:
(a) Social Media – Curse or Boon (If used carefully and judiciously, a boon if misused, or people become addicts, then a curse)
(b) Women Empowerment and Equality (very important today-gender equality a must-the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world-however, women must not take advantage of this change-must be judicious in the use of the powers given)
(c) Climate Change (one of the biggest problems of today-must be taken very seriously-must change lifestyles-reduce consumption- recycle-carbon footprint)

(A6)

Question 1.
Find out job opportunities in the following areas and the skills required for them.
(a) Clinical Data Management
(b) Network Operations
(c) Data Processing
(d) Data Operations and Research
(e) Data Entry Operation

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.4 Big Data-Big Insights Additional Important Questions and Answers

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 2.
Complete the following:
Answer:

1. Big Data analytics is used to give insights that were previously incomprehensible.
2. Big Data is so massive that it challenges the current computing technologies.
3. It’s not the amount of data that is important but what the [organizations do with the data is what matters.
4. Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining large and varied data sets or Big Data to uncover information.

Question 3.
Complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 4.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 5.
Write whether you agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. Today, the majority of equity trading takes place via data algorithms.
2. Big Data analytics cannot help in studying the investment patterns of people.
3. Big Data is useful in High-Frequency Trading.
4. Big Data cannot predict possible spikes on servers.

Answer:

1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Agree
4. Disagree

Question 6.
Describe the ways used to create a huge database in sports.
Answer:
A huge data has been created over a period of time from the recording of matches, training sessions and workouts.

Question 7.
The database collected can help a sportsperson. Explain how.
Answer:
The data enables a sportsperson to study his own performance as well as that of the other players worldwide. It also helps in improving individual as well as team performance.

Question 8.
State the use of video analytics.
Answer:
Video analytics help one to see each and every performance minutely.

Question 9.
Name the Internet Giants mentioned in the extract.
Answer:
Facebook, Google, Twitter.

Question 10.
Pick out the False sentences, if any, and correct them:
1. Every student’s level of understanding is the same.
2.Big Data has brought about a big negative change in the education industry.
3. Designing the course material to cater to different requirements of the students is a good idea.
4. Big Data has provided a solution to the ‘one-size-fits-all’ pitfall.
Answer:
False sentences:
1. Every student’s level of understanding is the same.
2. Big Data has brought about a big negative change in the education industry.
Corrected sentences:
1. Every student’s level of understanding is different.
2. Big data has brought about a big positive change in the education industry.

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Complete the following describing the sources of the collection of data:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 2.
Mention the ways to reduce risk in transport.
Answer:
Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place. GPS and Google Maps make use of Big Data. With geographic positioning and radio frequency identification sensors we get the up-to-date data about traffic, congestion on a particular route, information if the route is closed or if it is a one-way route, understanding accident prone areas, etc. Thus, we can plan our own route according to the travel time and the transportation of goods.

If we have ordered something online we can track the location of our goods in transit, we can also track the condition of the goods. All this has immensely helped the logistics companies to reduce risks in transport, improve speed and reliability in delivery.

Question 3.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. Big Data helps to predict and prevent cybercrimes, card fraud detection, archival of audit trails, etc.
2. Banks can predict future attempts of frauds by analyzing the past data of their customers and the data on previous brute force attacks.
3. SEC is using Big Data to monitor financial markets for possible illegal trades and suspicious activities.
4. Big Data algorithms are used to make trading decisions.

Question 4.
List the ways in which sensors help a person.
Answer:
Sensors help a person:

1. to understand the game from close quarters
2. to understand field conditions
3. to understand the weather conditions
4. to understand individual performances

Inference/Interpretation/ Analysis:

Question 1.
Discuss and write how Big data is increasing in volume, variation, velocity, veracity and value.
Answer:
When we like a post on Facebook or share a post on WhatsApp, visit any website, make online purchases, or watch videos, the variety of activity we do online is recorded, monitored and analysed. So a huge amount of data is collected. Data is also collected swiftly from different sources, for example web, sales, customer contact centre, social media, mobile data and so on.

Big Data analytics is used to give insights that were previously incomprehensible. As more and more people use the Internet, social media, make online purchases, use mobile phones, and are generally more active online, Big data is increasing in volume, variation, velocity, veracity and value in leaps and bounds.

Question 2.
Do you think Big Data has improved the quality of life? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Big Data has certainly improved the quality of life. Through various apps, we can maintain our body weight and exercise levels, and remain healthy. Our heart rate, sleep patterns, etc. can be monitored and any changes can be immediately reported to the doctor, who can then prescribe the correct treatment as soon as possible.

Age-related diseases like diabetes and arteriosclerosis can be treated at the early stages. Thus, we can lead healthier and more active lives. Big Data is also being used to. predict and monitor epidemics, thus ensuring that they affect as few people as possible.

Question 3.
Write some ways of the condition of the goods.
Answer:
When we order something online, we are given a tracking number. By logging into the website of the company and entering this tracking number in the given slot, we can find out the location and condition of the goods.

Question 4.
Can we understand the economy of the country by the data on Banking and Finance? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, we can. With the Big Data analytics the study of investment patterns of the people can be done. We can analyse the bank deposits made, the loans taken and the equity trading.

We can find out the business across borders. We can find out how many industries have come up, and what the industrial economy is. From all this information, we understand the economy of the country.

Question 5.
Explain, giving an example, the technique used by Netflix and YouTube to increase viewership.
Answer:
Netflix and YouTube know through Big Data just what a person has viewed and his/her behaviour online. Based on this information, the person will be shown different recommendations. For example, if a person has viewed a couple of horror films from start to end, Netflix will know that the viewer is interested in horror films.

Accordingly, Netflix will recommend a few more horror films. The viewer is pleased with this easy access to his/her favourite genre, and continues to be a customer, thus increasing Netflix revenue.

Question 6.
Discuss a solution provided by Big Data.
Answer:
Through Big Data we have information about the study patterns of students, and we can now prepare customized and dynamic learning programmes according to the need of an individual student.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Industries can be benefited from data. Explain with an example.
Answer:
Industries can benefit from the huge amount of data available. For example, in the tourism industry, through Big Data travel agencies and hotels can identify the times when there are more crowds and hence more demand for a certain tourist spot.

They can accordingly make arrangements for more flights, trains, buses, tours, labour, essential items, etc. Hotels can use big data to compile and analyse information about their main competitors so that they are aware of what other hotels or businesses are offering customers.

Question 2.
Do you have any app on your phone that monitors your health? Describe it in brief.
Answer:
Yes, I have an app that helps me to measure the calories I have eaten and I can thus plan my meals. It also records my weight and tells me whether it has gone up or down. There is a very clear graph too which gives me complete information of the ups and downs in my weight. I have managed to lose a few kilos with the help of this app and feel much healthier now.

Question 3.
Do you use GPS and Google Maps? If so, where and when?
Answer:
I drive a two-wheeler. If I have to go to a new shop/hotel or some other place, I find out the route through GPS and follow this route. I used Google Maps when I went to Goa with my family and wanted to calculate distances and use the best routes.

Question 4.
Do you spend a lot of time on Facebook, Netflix, etc.? Do you think it is addictive?
Answer:
Yes, I do spend a lot of time on Facebook. I have a large number of friends, and hence the news feed is quite a lot. I like to know what my friends are doing, where they have gone, etc. It is addictive, and since I have Facebook on my mobile phone too, I can check it at any time. This is what most of my friends do too. I know it is not good, and I am trying to control screen time. I do not subscribe to Netflix.

Question 5.
Do you think Big Data will help to bring improvements in students? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Yes, Big Data will certainly help to bring improvements in students. Students can learn topics/subj ects. according to their abilities and capacity. They can choose their careers after knowing their strengths and weaknesses, their mental make-up and abilities. Thus, there will be fewer drop-outs, and students will be happy in the careers they have chosen..

Language Study:

Question 1.
Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored and analysed. (Rewrite using ‘as well as’….)
Answer:
Whatever activity we do online is recorded, monitored, as well as analysed.

Question 2.
The massive data available with us can really work wonders. (Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
The availability of massive data with us can really work wonders.

Question 3.
Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining large and varied data sets or Big Data to uncover information. (Frame a wh-question to get the underlined part as the answer.)
Answer:
What is Big Data analytics?

Question 4.
Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics and diseases. (Rewrite using ‘as well as …’)
Answer:
Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics as well as diseases.

Question 5.
Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of epidemics and diseases. (Rewrite using ‘either …or’.)
Answer:
Big Data helps in monitoring the outbreaks of either epidemics or diseases.

Question 6.
Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place. (Rewrite using ‘as well as’.)
Answer:
Big Data has been useful in identifying as well as tracking the exact location of a place.

Question 7.
Big Data has been useful in identifying and tracking the exact location of a place. (Rewrite using ‘either … or’.)
Answer:
Big Data has been useful in either identifying or tracking the exact location of a place.

Question 8.
Weather sensors and satellites help us to understand the weather and help in weather forecasting. (Rewrite using ‘as well as’.)
Answer:
Weather sensors and satellites help us to understand the weather as well as help in weather forecasting.

Question 9.
Huge amount of data is continuously being I received from them. (Change the voice.)
Answer:
We continuously receive a huge amount of data from them.

Question 10.
Big Data has enabled smooth functioning of these agencies and institutions. (Rewrite as an interrogative question.)
Answer:
Hasn’t Big Data enabled smooth functioning of these agencies and institutions?

Question 11.
Here, Big Data algorithms are used to make trading decisions. (Rewrite using a gerund in place of the underlined word.)
Answer:
Here, Big Data algorithms are used for making trading decisions.

Question 12.
Every student’s comprehension level is different. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
Every student’s comprehension level is different, isn’t it?

Question 13.
This will also help in guiding the student regarding the best career for him. (Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
This will also help in providing guidance to the student regarding the best career for him.

Question 14.
This would, in general, enhance progress of all students. (Rewrite beginning ‘Progress….)
Answer:
Progress of all students, would in general, be enhanced.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
From the extract, find the antonyms of the following words :

1. understandable
2. tiny
3. sales
4. simple

Answer:

1. understandable × incomprehensible
2. tiny × massive (huge)
3. sales × purchase
4. simple × complex

Question 2.
From the words given below, write down the ones that have been formed using prefixes:
industries, increasing, incomprehensible, unknown, examining, uncover, information, innumerable, important
Answer:
incomprehensible, unknown, uncover, innumerable

Question 3.
Find the meanings of:
1. petabytes
2. exabytes
Answer:
1. petabytes – units of information equal to one thousand million 1000 tetrabytes.
2. exabytes – units of information equal to one quintillion 1000 petabytes

Question 4.
Pick out 4 words ending in ‘ing’ from the extract.
Answer:
identifying, tracking, positioning, understanding

Question 5.
Pick out 4 nouns ending in ‘tion’ from the extract.
Answer:
location, identification, congestion, information

Question 6.
Complete the following, giving the meanings.
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
e.g. new insights: insights that are new.

1. health-conscious people: people who are conscious of their health.
2. smartwatches: watches that are smart.
3. heart rate: the rate at which heart beats.
4. blood pressure: the pressure of the blood.
5. necessary precautions: precautions that are necessary.
6. unnecessary guesswork: guesswork that is unnecessary.

Question 7.
Find adjectives from the extract having the following suffixes :
(-able, -ible, -ial, -ious, -al)
Answer:

1. -able – suitable;
2. -ible – possible;
3. -ial – financial, social;
4. -ious – suspicious, previous;
5. -al-natural.

Question 8.
Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B to make collocations found in the extract:
Answer:

Question 9.
Give the adjective forms of the following words:

1. giant
2. interest
3. create
4. behaviour

Answer:

1. giant – gigantic
2. interest – interesting
3. create – creative
4. behaviour – behavioural

Question 10.
Match the words in Box A with the meanings in Box B:
Answer:

1. revenue – earnings
2. gigantic – huge
3. enables – allows
4. embedded – implanted

Question 11.
Make sentences of your own using the following expressions/words :

1. leaps and bounds
2. enhance
3. to make optimum use of

Answer:

1. leaps and bounds: Suman’s progress in studies increased by leaps and bounds after her health improved.
2. enhance: We can enhance our looks by having a pleasant expression on our faces.
3. to make optimum use of: Saurav decided to make optimum use of the Diwali vacation to catch up with his studies.

Oral Work:

Question 1.
Do you think people click consciously on Facebook? Discuss.
Answer:
[Points: in general, most people just press ‘like’ button on friends’ posts, many times not even reading the post-sometimes some only repeat the comment above theirs-some forwards and videos are not even seen-with so many posts and information many times there is no time to read everything]

Non-Textual Grammar

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Her family and their well-being were her highest priority. (Rewrite as an interrogative sentence.)
Answer:
Weren’t her family and their well-being her highest priority?

Question 2.
The shadows were lengthening when Smita arrived at the college. (Identify the clauses.)
Answer:
The shadows were lengthening – Main Clause
when Smita arrived at the college – Subordinate Adverb Clause of Time

Question 3.
He had to find the books and read them before the day ended.
(Rewrite using ‘not only…but also’.)
Answer:
He had not only to find the books but also read them before the day ended.

Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

Question 1.
I was either scared of people’s curious looks nor their awkward questions.
Answer:
I was neither scared of people’s curious looks nor their awkward questions.

Question 2.
He was unable to participate due to a health problems.
Answer:
He was unable to participate due to a health problem.

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Class 12 English Chapter 1.3 The Cop and the Anthem Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.3 The Cop and the Anthem Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.3 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.3 The Cop and the Anthem Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Suppose you have gone to a place where the winter season is very severe. Discuss with your partner the ways in which you would protect yourself in the cold climate. (The answer is given and underlined.)

Answer:

Question 2.
When you see a cop approaching, you feel either ‘relieved’ or ‘scared’. Discuss with your partner and write down the situations when you feel ‘relieved’ or ‘scared’.
Answer:
Relieved:
(a) You are walking alone in a dark street.
(b) There is a fight taking place near you.
(c) A group of rough-looking people are coming towards you on a lonely road.
Scared:
(a) You are riding a bike without a valid driving licence.
(b) You have broken a traffic signal.
(c) You have been involved in a fight.

Question 3.
Discuss some of the motivating things that can change a person’s life :
Answer:
(a) Listening to an inspiring speech
(b) Reading motivating books and biographies of great people
(c) Reading epics and religious books
(d) Observing successful/happy people or watching biopics of their lives.

(A1)

Question (i)
Discuss with your partner and find out the different ways in which Soapy tried ; to get arrested. The first one is given.
Answer:
(a) Tried to enter a luxurious cafe.
(b) Threw a stone and broke a shop window.
(c) Ate heartily at a restaurant and then said he had no money.
(d) Shouted and howled and raved and danced on the sidewalk.
(e) Stole an umbrella.

Question (ii)
Describe the atmosphere when Soapy reached near the Church.
Answer:
(a) A soft light glowed through the violet-stained window.
(b) Sweet music drifted out of the quaint, old church.
(c) There was a full, radiant moon, and few vehicles and pedestrians.
(d) Sparrows twittered sleepily in the eaves.

(A2)

Question (i)
Read the story and match the incidents given in Column A with the consequences given in Column B.

Answer:

1. Soapy tried to enter a cafe – Strong and ready hands of the head waiter turned him around.
2. Soapy broke a glass window – The cop ran after another man.
3. Two waiters pitched Soapy on the callous pavement – He stood up slowly beating the i dust from his clothes.
4. Soapy heard the anthem being played in the Church – Suddenly a wonderful change came in his heart.
5. Cop arrests Soapy for hanging around. – Dream of turning around in life was shattered.

Question (ii)
Give reasons and complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(a) Soapy had confidence in himself because he was shaven, his coat was trim and he had a neat, black bow. The portion of him that showed above the table looked respectable and would raise no doubt in the waiter’s mind.
(b) The head waiter of the luxurious cafe did not allow Soapy to enter because he saw Soapy’s tattered trousers and old, worn out shoes, and knew that Soapy would not have money to pay for a meal.
(c) The cop did not arrest Soapy for breaking the glass window because Soapy was standing calmly and talking to him. The policeman felt that men who smash glass windows do not remain to chat with the police.
(d) The cop did not arrest Soapy for shouting and dancing because it was the time of celebrations for the local college boys. They were generally noisy but harmless, and he had been told by his superiors to let them be.

(iii) Pick out the lines from the text which show that:

Question (a)
Soapy wants to enter the cafe for two reasons.
Answer:
1. A roasted mallard duck, thought Soapy, would be about the thing with a bottle of wine and then some cheese, a cup of coffee and a cigar.
2. The meat would leave him filled and happy for the journey to his winter island.

Question (b)
Soapy was afraid that he won’t be able to enter the prison.
Answer:
It seemed that his route to the coveted island was not to be an easy one. Some other way of entering the limbo must be devised.

Question (c)
Soapy was not caught by the cop for throwing stones at the glass.
Answer:
1. The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue.
2. The policeman saw a man half-way down the block running to catch a car. With drawn club he joined in the pursuit.

Question (d)
Soapy actually did not want the umbrella.
Answer:
He hurled the umbrella angrily into the excavation.

Question (e)
Listening to the anthem, Soapy remembered his good old days.
Answer:
He had known it well in the days when his life contained such things as mothers and roses and ambitions and friends and immaculate thoughts and collars.

Question (iv)
‘He would make a man of himself again’ – The word ‘man’ in the sentence means ……………….. .
Answer:
‘He would make a man of himself again’ – The word ‘man’ in the sentence means a responsible and worthy human being.

Question (v)
Soapy’s earlier life was much different from his present life. Complete the table to show this contrast. One is done for you.

Answer:

Question (vi)
After listening to the sweet and solemn organ notes, Soapy decides to:
Answer:
1. pull himself out of the mire, conquer the evil that had enslaved him and make a man of himself again
2. resurrect his old eager ambitions and pursue them without faltering
3. go into the roaring downtown district and find work

Question (vii)
Write an incident in which you did something wrong and repented for it later. Give reasons.
Answer:
A lady who stayed in my building used to shout at me for playing noisily under her window. One day, she shouted at me as usual from her window and went inside. I suddenly got angry and threw a stone at her window. The stone hit the glass which broke. I heard a loud shout of pain and ran away. I later came to know that she had been badly injured by the shattered glass. I repented for what I had done. Though I did not tell her that I was the culprit, I was very good to her after that.

(A3)

Question (i)
O’Henry has used different words to indicate prison where Soapy wants to reach. Make a list of those words from the extract.
Answer:
the island

Question (ii)
Find out the words used for the ‘degraded state of Soapy’.
Answer:

1. the pit into which he had tumbled
2. the degraded days
3. unworthy desires
4. dead hopes
5. wrecked faculties
6. base motives
7. mire
8. evil that had enslaved him.

Question (iii)
The specific meaning of word ‘anthem’ in the content of the story is:
Answer:
Anthem – a rousing or uplifting song.

(A4)

Question (i)
Convert the following sentences into the negative without changing their meanings:
(a) The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue.
(b) Soapy drifted along, twice unsuccessful.
(c) Soapy stopped his unavailing racket.
(d) The island seemed very far away.
(e) The island seemed an unattainable Arcadia.
Answer:
(a) The policeman did not accept Soapy even as a clue.
(b) Soapy drifted along, twice not successful.
(c) Soapy stopped his racket which was not successful.
(d) The island seemed not at all near.
(e) The island seemed an Arcadia which was not attainable.

Question (ii)
Convert the following sentences into the affirmative without changing their meanings :
(a) Men who smash windows do not remain to chat with the police.
(b) On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no great pretensions.
(c) Why don’t you call a cop?
(d) Noisy; but no harm.
(e) They seemed to regard him as a King who could do no wrong.
Answer:
(a) Men who smash windows refrain from remaining to chat with the police.
(b) On the opposite side of the street was a very ordinary restaurant.
(c) Please call a cop.
(d) Noisy; but harmless.
(e) They seemed to regard him as a King who was always right.

(A5)

Question (i)
‘Forgiveness is often better than punishment’. Write two paragraphs – one for and another against this notion.
Answer:
1. To err is human, to forgive is divine.

We all make mistakes. Nobody is perfect. That is why we are human. However, mistakes should be forgiven if there is sufficient repentance. Forgiveness will make the guilty person feel ashamed of his conduct and he will not repeat it. It is easy to punish but very difficult to forgive someone. It needs a big heart and a lot of kindness. If we punish the guilty person we will only make him more defiant. If punishing someone could have solved the problem, criminals who have been jailed would never have repeated the crime. But this is not found to be so. Just as God forgives us our mistakes, we should forgive others their mistakes too.

2. Punishment is the only answer

Forgiveness may work in certain cases, but there are hardened criminals who will not respond to forgiveness. They will only be stopped by punishment. If a person has murdered another in cold blood, will he improve by forgiveness? Never. He has to be punished severely so that he does not repeat it and society feels safe.

People only fear punishment. It can be easily seen at traffic signals – if there is no policeman to punish you, most people will break the signal. Then there will be chaos. If there is no punishment and no prisons, people will do whatever they want – rob, kill, etc. – and go off freely. No, in a society where it is not possible to expect everyone to have high values, punishment for misdeeds is the only solution.

Question (ii)
You are the class representative and you have been asked by the Principal to conduct an interview of a cop. Frame 8-10 questions with the help of the following points, give introduction and conclusion.

• reasons for joining the department
• special trainings
• developing the skill to identify and locate criminals
• dealing with criminals
• achievements and awards

Answer:
Good morning, Mr. Pawar. Congratulations on your excellent work in finding the bank robbers. May I ask you a few questions about your life? Thank you.

1. When did you join the police department?
2. Which examinations did you have to clear for the post?
3. What were your reasons for joining the department?
4. Did you have to go through any special training sessions?
5. What type of criminals do you come across most in this area-thieves, killers, molesters,
   etc?
6. How do you identify or locate criminals?
7. Once you catch the culprit-say a thief-how do you deal with him?
8. Can you tell me something about your achievements and awards?
9. How can you motivate others to join the force?
10. Any message to college students?

Thank you, Sir, for sparing the time for this interview. It will be published in our school magazine. Good day.

(A6)

Question (i)
Make a list of jobs which would give you an opportunity to help the society or serve the country. Also mention the different ways in which they can be beneficial to the people and also the country,

Question (ii)
Go to your school/college library and read some other stories by O’Henry like, ‘The Gift of the Magi’, ‘The Last Leaf and ‘After Twenty years’. Write the stories in short in your notebook.

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.3 The Cop and the Anthem Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below:

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Name the following:
Answer:

1. This is where Soapy stopped at a luxurious cafe
2. This had been a gift to Soapy: a neat, black bow
3. This is what Soapy wanted to eat: a roasted mallard duck, some cheese a bottle of wine, a cup of coffee
4. This is what Soapy wanted to drink: Soapy’s tattered
5. This is what the head waiter noticed:trousers and old shoes
6. This is where Soapy was left by the head: on the sidewalk

Question 1.
Write if the following sentences are True or False. Correct the False sentences:
1. Soapy broke the glass of the shop window.
2. Nobody heard the breaking of the window.
3. The policeman chased Soapy.
4. Soapy did not run away from the place.
5. The restaurant Soapy entered was an ordinary one.
6. The policeman ate beefsteak, flapjacks, doughnuts and pie.
Answer:
True sentences:
1. Soapy broke the glass of the shop window.
4. Soapy did not run away from the place.
5. The restaurant Soapy entered was an ordinary one.

False sentences:
2. Nobody heard the breaking of the window.
3. The policeman chased Soapy.
6. The policeman ate beefsteak, flapjacks, doughnuts and pie.

Corrected sentences:
1. A policeman as well as some people heard the breaking of the window.
2. The policeman chased a man running to catch a car.
3. Soapy ate beefsteak, flapjacks, doughnuts and pie.

Question 2.
Complete the table:
(The answers is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 3.
Rearrange the following sentences according to their occurrence in the extract:

1. Soapy decided to go into the downtown district and find work.
2. A policeman caught Soapy’s arm.
3. Soapy saw a quaint old church.
4. Soapy’s ears caught sweet music.

Answer:

1. Soapy saw a quaint old church.
2. Soapy’s ears caught sweet music.
3. Soapy decided to go into the downtown district and find work.
4. A policeman caught Soapy’s arm.

Question 4.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. A soft light glowed through one violet-stained window.
2. Soapy came to a standstill on an unusually quiet corner.
3. Soapy stood without moving near the iron fence listening to the anthem that the organist played.
4. Soapy planned to resurrect his old eager ambitions.

Answer the following in a few words each:

Question 1.
Who was lighting a cigar?
Answer:
A well-dressed man

Question 2.
Who twirled his club?
Answer:
A policeman

Question 3.
Who grabbed the umbrella?
Answer:
Soapy

Question 4.
Whom did the policeman help?
Answer:
A tall blonde

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Give reasons and complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
Soapy was disgusted with the policeman because he refused to accept that Soapy had broken the window, and he rushed off to chase another man.

Question 2.
Complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 3.
Describe Soapy’s behaviour on the sidewalk.
Answer:
On the sidewalk Soapy began to yell drunken meaningless things at the top of his harsh voice. He danced, howled, spoke wildly and made a big disturbance.

Question 4.
Describe the wonderful change in Soapy’s soul.
Answer:
After listening to the anthem, Soapy remembers his earlier life, and is horrified to realize that he has indeed become a degraded person. He decides to pull himself out of the pit into which he has fallen and make a man of himself again. He determines to bring back to his life his old eager ambitions and pursue them. He makes up his mind to take up a job.

Question 5.
Describe the end of the story in your own words.
Answer:
Initially Soapy had felt that he would like to pass the winter months in prison, and he makes several efforts to get himself arrested. The notes of anthem transform him from within and he decides to give up his evil ways and become a man again. He resolves to work hard. At that very moment, ironically, a policeman arrests him for loitering and he is sent to prison for three months. Soapy faces the irony of fate as the moment he realizes that real freedom lies in a virtuous life, he is taken into confinement.

Question 6.
Complete the following:
Soapy was angry because ………..
Answer:
Soapy was angry because when he wanted to fall into the clutches of the policemen. In order to be arrested, they seemed to regard him as a king who could do nothing wrong.

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
Soapy took a stone because he wanted to break the glass of the shop window. This would result in a policeman arresting him for this act, and he would be imprisoned for the winter, which was exactly what he wanted.

Discuss the hidden meaning in the expressions/sentences.

Question 1.
It catered to large appetites and modest purses.
Answer:
The restaurant prepared food for ordinary workers who had large appetites but very little money.

Question 2.
He told the waiter the fact that the minutest coin and himself were total strangers.
Answer:
He told the waiter that he did not have any money.

Question 3.
A voice like butter cakes and an eye like the cherry in the Manhattan cocktail.
Answer:
A very smooth voice and a hard, stony eye (a tough person).

Question 4.
Discuss the meaning in the context:
He caught at the immediate straw of ‘disorderly conduct’.
Answer:
Soapy wanted to be arrested by a policeman and imprisoned. However, his efforts towards this end had been unsuccessful, and he was worried that he would continue to be unsuccessful. When he suddenly came upon a policeman lounging in front of a theatre, an idea struck him. He felt that if he shouted and screamed and made a lot of noise, he would be arrested for behaving in a dangerous and disturbing way in public, and would be imprisoned, which was what he wanted.

Question 5.
Complete the following:
(The answer is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
Soapy was angry because even after he had stolen a man’s umbrella, the man did not report him to the police, but instead apologized and said that perhaps he (the umbrella man) had made a mistake.

Question 6.
The umbrella man did not call a policeman. Give reasons for this.
Answer:
The umbrella man had himself probably stolen the umbrella from somewhere. When Soapy picked up the umbrella, the man first thought that he could get it back. But when Soapy spoke about calling a policeman, the man thought that the umbrella was actually Soapy’s, and Soapy would hand him over to the police. Hence, he apologized quickly and walked away without calling a policeman.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Give your opinion about Soapy’s desire to enter prison.
Answer:
I find it very strange that a person can actually want to enter prison, whatever be the reason. At least, from what I know of prisons, they are terrible places, and one has a very difficult time there. However, Soapy has obviously been to prison before, and probably enjoys the free food and protection from the winter that he gets there.

Question 2.
Have you ever bought/eaten something and then found that you did not have enough money to pay for it? Describe your feeling at that time.
Answer:
Yes, it happened to me once. I went to a mall and bought a jacket for myself. I had been looking at a lot of jackets and I got confused with the prices. Finally, when the cashier was making the bill, I found that the jacket I had chosen was very expensive and I did not have enough money to pay for it. I was very embarrassed to tell the cashier this, but I had to. He gave me an angry look.

Question 3.
Have you ever stolen/wanted to steal anything? Narrate in brief.
Answer:
Yes, when I was about 12 years old, I stole my friend’s remote-controlled toy car, which his uncle had sent him from abroad. It was a beautiful car. However, when I was playing with it at home my mother saw me, and she made me return the car. I later felt very ashamed of myself, but fortunately my friend forgave me.

Language Study.

Question 1.
If only he could reach a table in the restaurant unsuspected, success would be his.
(Rewrite using ‘unless’.)
Answer:
Unless he could reach a table in the restaurant unsuspected, success would not be his.

Question 2.
One dollar for the cigar would be enough.
(Add a question tag.)
Answer:
One dollar for the cigar would be enough, wouldn’t it?

Question 3.
Some other way of entering the limbo must be devised.
(Use an infinitive in place of a gerund.)
Answer:
Some other way to enter the limbo must be devised.

Question 4.
He had set his silk umbrella by the door on entering. (Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
He had set his silk umbrella by the door when he entered.

Question 5.
At length Soapy reached one of the avenues to the east. (Rewrite using another adverb phrase with the same meaning as the underlined phrase.)
Answer:
After a long time Soapy reached one of the avenues to the east.

Question 6.
On an unusually quiet corner, Soapy came to a standstill. (Rewrite using ‘that’.)
Answer:
Soapy came to a standstill on a corner that was unusually quiet.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Guess the meaning of the following in the context:
1. winter island
2. eye fell upon
Answer:
1. winter island – prison.
2. eye fell upon – saw or noticed.

Question 2.
O’Henry has used different words to indicate prison, where Soapy wants to reach. Make a list of those words from the extract.
Answer:

1. winter island
2. coveted island
3. limbo

Question 3.
Make sentences using the following words/expressions :
1. eye fell upon
2. strolled
Answer:
1. My eye fell upon the clock, and I sat up with shock.
2. Seema strolled along the beach, enjoying the breeze.

Question 4.
Guess the meaning of:

1. napery
2. betook
3. brass buttons

Answer:

1. napery – table linen.
2. betook – to cause oneself to go.
3. brass buttons – the police.

Question 5.
O’Henry has used different words to indicate prison where Soapy wants to reach. Make a list of those words from the extract:
Answer:
the island

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks with the correct nouns from the extract:

1. friendly
2. electric
3. large
4. callous

Answer:

1. friendly voice
2. electric lights
3. large appetites
4. callous pavement

Question 7.
O’Henry has used different words to indicate prison where Soapy wants to reach. Make a list of those words from the extract.
Answer:
the island, Arcadia

Question 8.
Pick out four verbs in the simple past tense from the extract.
Answer:
danced, howled, raved, disturbed

Question 9.
Match the words in Column A with the meanings in Column B :
Answer:

1. disconsolate – very unhappy
2. sauntered – walked in a relaxed manner
3. raved – spoke wildly
4. rendered – made

Non-Textual Grammar

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Shivani found a small box and dropped her bangles inside.
(Rewrite the sentence, beginning ‘Finding …)
Answer:
Finding a small box, Shivani dropped her bangles inside.

Question 2.
Sunlight from the window made her black hair appear brown. (Rewrite using ‘that’.)
Answer:
Sunlight that came from the window made her black hair appear brown.

Question 3.
On the day the school closed for the summer, no student was more delighted than Rithik.
(Change the degree.)
Answer:
1. On the day the school closed for the summer, Rithik was the most delighted student. – Superlative degree
2. On the day the school closed for the summer, Rithik was more delighted than any other student. – Comparative degree

Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

Question 1.
There is room for much boxes in this cupboard.
Answer:
There is room for many boxes in this cupboard.

Question 2.
If I requires help for him in public places, I was not embarrassed to seek it from people around.
Answer:
If I required help for him in public places, I was not embarrassed to seek it from people around.

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Class 12 English Chapter 1.2 On Saying “Please” Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.2 On Saying “Please” Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.2 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.2 On Saying “Please” Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
List the words of courtesy that we use in our daily life. Discuss them with your partner and explain the purpose of using each.

Answer:

Question 2.
Listed below are a few character traits of people. Some are positive traits, while others are not. Tick [✓] the ones you feel are desirable.

Answer:

Question 3.
Etiquette and manners are very important for a person to live in the society. Read the following and put them in proper columns:

1. To receive phone calls while you are in a lecture or class.
2. To knock before you enter your Principal’s office.
3. To thank the person who offers you tea or coffee.
4. To be polite and courteous to others.
5. To leave the classroom without the teacher’s permission.
6. To occupy the seats reserved for ladies or physically challenged or elderly people on a bus or a train.

Answer:

(A1)

Question (i)
Form groups and explain the following words with examples:
Answer:
1. Humility: being free from pride and arrogance – greatest example our former President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam – remember that ‘pride comes before a fall’ – always realize that there are people better than you are – Socrates said ‘One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing. ’
2. Self-esteem: self-respect; confidence in one’s own worth or abilities – accept oneself as one is – everyone is different and unique – highly positive quality – leads to achievements, success, healthy relationships – can be developed with a little effort.
3. Gratitude: thankfulness for something that you have got – ready to show appreciation for something – towards the Almighty, towards those who have helped you – strengthens relationships with others – creates positivity.
4. Courtesy: means good manners and polite behavior – means being kind and compassionate towards others – should be real, not artificial – creates good impression – one will be liked by all – human quality not present in animals.
5. Generosity: kindness; big-heartedness – the act of being kind, selfless and giving towards others – very positive trait – influences others – when one is generous, one feels good – many religions consider this a great virtue – encourage charity.
6. Sympathy: feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else’s misfortune – leads to stronger relationships – offering condolences when someone dies – helps us to bond with others-makes the other person’s distress less – beautiful emotion – should be developed.
7. Empathy: the ability to understand and share the feelings of another – putting yourself in the shoes of the other person – different from kindness or pity – listen when people talk – see things from the other person’s point of view – makes one a very humane person.

Question (ii)
Have a Group Discussion on the topic ‘The need of soft skills at the workplace’. Use the following points:
Answer:
(a) Written and verbal communication (writing notes, letters, memos, reports, instructions, speeches, presentations, etc.)
(b) Ways of interacting with others (showing courtesy, sympathy, cooperation, empathy, strictness, gratitude, humility, team work, etc.)
(c) Creative abilities (preparing reports, presentations, letters, etc.)
(d) Emotional intelligence (showing understanding, compassion, empathy, team work, motivation, self-awareness, etc.)

(A2)

Question (i)
Read the text and state whether the following statements are True or False. Correct the False statements.
(a) Bitter problems in day-to-day life can be solved by sweet words.
(b) Great wars could have been avoided by a little courtesy.
(c) Observance of etiquette in a normal situation is important but more important is their observance when the situation is adverse.
(d) Words like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ help us in making our passage through life uneasy.
(e) The law permits anybody to use violence, if another person is discourteous.
Answer:
True statements:
(a) Bitter problems in day-to-day life can be solved by sweet words.
(b) Great wars could have been avoided by a little courtesy.
(c) Observance of etiquette in a normal situation is important but more important is their observance when the situation is adverse.

False statements:
(d) Words like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ help us in making our passage through life uneasy.
(e) The law permits anybody to use violence, if ; another person is discourteous.

Corrected statements :
(d) Words like ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ help us in making our passage through life easy.
(e) The law does not permit anybody to use violence, if another person is discourteous.

Question (ii)
Select the most appropriate sentences which suggest the theme of the essay.
(a) The essay tells us about courtesy, civility, morality, responsibility and control.
(b) The essay explores the difficulties that can be incurred by an individual when dealing with the public.
(c) One can keep one’s peace of mind without having to lower themselves to the level of the perceived offender.
(d) People with low self-esteem are generally difficult to work with and they look down upon others to get a feeling of superiority.
Answer:
(a) The essay tells us about courtesy, civility, morality, responsibility and control.
(c) One can keep one’s peace of mind without having to lower themselves to the level of the
perceived offender.

(iii)

Question (a)
Find the reasons for the liftman’s uncivilized behaviour.
Answer:
Reasons for the liftman’s uncivilized behaviour when the passenger was rude and ill-mannered towards him:

1. he was acutely hurt by the slur cast by the passenger on his social status
2. the passenger’s discourtesy was a wound to his self-respect
3. he felt insulted by the passenger’s discourtesy.

Question (b)
List the people and their behaviour that made the passenger rude and ill- mannered.

Answer:
The people who made the passenger rude and ill-mannered:
[housemaid] → [cook] → [employer’s wife] → [employer] → [passenger] → [lift-man]

Question (iv)
Good manners are required in our daily life for making our social contacts more cooperative and friendly. Illustrate the behaviour of the polite conductor with different people in various situations.

Answer:

Question (v)
Discuss and Write the impact of good temper and kindliness on society in the light of the good-mannered conductor.
Answer:
The conductor was always cheerful and kind-hearted to everyone in the bus. This spread to his passengers and they too became cheerful and good-humored. They would naturally pass on this feeling after getting off the bus. Thus, in society, if people are good-tempered, cheerful and kind, it will spread to others and they too will start behaving in a similar manner. This will lead to a happy and compassionate society.

Question (vi)
‘A modest calling can be made dignified by good temper and kindly feeling’. Explain the statement with examples.
Answer:
This means that whatever career or job one has, however simple or modest, it can be made more dignified by behaving in a good- tempered and cheerful manner and with kindliness towards the people one comes in contact with. For example, even a simple job like that of a security guard at a mall can be made pleasant and dignified if the guard smiles and says ‘Thank you’ or ‘Good morning’ every time he/she checks a person.

A sweeper’s job can also be made more dignified if he/she just nods and smiles at passers-by or helps them if they are in need.

Question (vii)
The service of the police is necessary for the implementation of law in our society. Do you think you require this service for a good social environment? Discuss and write.
Answer:
No, we cannot have the police monitoring us for social and moral offences. For example, one cannot be punished if one refuses to smile at an acquaintance or say Thank you’. One cannot be punished if one doesn’t hold the door open for the person who is following.

These are good manners, or courtesy, and they have to be taught right from childhood, and they will change in different cultures and different circumstances. Whether a person follows them or not depends on the individual. However, if these little courtesies are followed, life will become much simpler and more pleasant for everyone.

(A3)

Question (a)
Find out the words in Column B which collocate with the words in Column A:

Answer:

Question (b)
Learning collocations is essential for making your English sound fluent and natural. Make the following collocations and use them in your own sentences.

Sentences:
(1) BIG:

1. It was a big mistake to hold a party on a rainy day.
2. “Did you get a big surprise when you saw me?” asked the little girl to her mother.
3. There was a big welcome waiting for the winning team.
4. The hungry beggar prayed that he would get a big meal at the rich man’s home.
5. Writing the difficult exam was no big deal for the intelligent boy.
6. Rohan realized that it would be a big challenge for him to win the match.
7. The discovery of a new element was big news in the scientific community.
8. Losing the beauty contest was a big shock for the arrogant girl.

(2) WELL :

1. The well-dressed man jumped over the puddle carefully.
2. The advice the teacher gave Rita was well-meant, but Rita did not like it.
3. The cook was happy to see the well-stocked cupboard.
4. Little Naina was well-pleased with her birthday gift.

Question (ii)
Sometimes while using a word in a sentence, we have to change its word class. we can make several more words from the root word.
we can make several new words from the root word.
I asked Sumit to ……………. my pencil for me. (sharp).
I asked Sumit to sharpen my pencil for me.

Question 1.
Now read the following sentences and use the words given in the brackets. Change the word class and rewrite the sentences.
(a) Leena was eating a very …………. apple and obviously enjoying it. (crunch)
(b) This picture looks …………… (colour)
(c) I’m afraid that your behaviour is just not ……………. (accept)
(d) I like my elder brother. He is very ……………. (help)
Answer:
(a) Leena was eating a very crunchy apple and obviously enjoying it.
(b) This picture looks colourful.
(c) I’m afraid that your behaviour is just not acceptable.
(d) I like my elder brother. He is very helpful.

Complete the following table. Put a cross if a word class does not exist.

Question (iii)
Write appropriate expressions and words you have to use while facing an interview :
Answer:
(a) May I come in?
(b) May I have a seat?
(c) Thank you.
(d) I’m sorry, but I did not catch what you said.
(5) Please let me know

Question (b)
You are writing a letter of complaint. List the proper expressions that you would like to write.
Answer:

1. I disagree.
2. I’m sorry to say that….
3. I would like to suggest….
4. This was not expected from a company like yours.
5. Please replace the defective piece as soon as possible.

Question (iv)
Distinguish between a legal offence and a moral offence on the basis of the extract.

Answer:

Question (v)
Find out the meaning of the phrase ‘give and take’ and use it in your own sentence.
Answer:
give-and-take – Meaning: exchange of ideas Sentence – The TV stars engaged in an interesting give-and-take which was enjoyed by the audience.

Question (vi)
Complete the table with polite expressions that we must use in our day-to-day life:

Answer:

(A4)

Question (i)
Edit the given paragraph using a/ an/the wherever necessary:
Rakesh is a/an ideal son who remains devoted to his father as he grows professionally to become a/the famous doctor. As his father grows old, he takes care to spend time with his father, bringing him tea in a/the morning and taking him out for a/the walk in an/the evening.
Answer:
Rakesh is an ideal son who remains devoted to his father as he grows professionally to become a famous doctor. As his father grows old, he takes care to spend time with his father, bringing him tea in the morning and taking him out for a walk in the evening.

Question (ii)
Spot the errors in each of the following sentences and correct the incorrect ones:

Question (a)
Radha brought pens and distributed them between her five children.
Answer:
Radha bought pens and distributed them among her five children.

Question (b)
Jayshree and Sujata sat besides each other in complete silence.
Answer:
Jayshree and Sujata sat beside each other in complete silence.

Question (c)
His best friend Vijay was blind within one eye.
Answer:
His best friend Vijay was blind in one eye.

Question (d)
One could dare to encroach on his rights.
Answer:
One could not dare to encroach on his rights.

Question (e)
She was taken with surprise when she saw the famous Taj Mahal.
Answer:
She was taken by surprise when she saw the famous Taj Mahal.

Question (f)
It is not possible to exchange the goods once the sale has been completed.
Answer:
It is not possible to exchange goods once the sale has been completed, (‘the’ is deleted.)

Question (g)
Dr. Sengupta has been trying to master the craft for the last five years.
Answer:
No error in this sentence.

Question (h)
The top-ranking candidates will be appointed in senior jobs in banks.
Answer:
The top-ranking candidates will be appointed | to senior jobs in banks.

Question (i)
She knows very well what is expected from her but she is unable to perform.
Answer:
She knows very well what is expected of her but she is unable to perform.

Question (j)
They will put on a note in this regard for your consideration.
Answer:
They will put up a note in this regard for your consideration.

Question (iii)
Read the following.
Santosh purchased a computer. He read the operating manual and followed the instructions.
(a) He linked the monitor, keyboard and printer.
(b) He plugged in the main cable.
(c) He switched on the monitor at the back.
(d) When the light appeared on the screen, he placed the Day Disk in Drive A.
(e) He pushed in the disk until the button clicked out.
(It took about 30 seconds for the computer to load the program.)
(f) He pressed the Drive button and the disk shot out.
(g) He replaced the Day Disk with the Document Disk.
(h) He pressed function key 7.
Convert these sentences into passive voice by filling in the blanks.

Firstly the monitor, keyboard and printer were linked up. Then the main cable was plugged in. The monitor was switched on at the back. When the light appeared on the screen, the Day Disk was placed in Drive A. The disk was pushed in until the button clicked out. It took the computer 30 seconds to load the program. The drive button was pressed and the disk shot out. The Day Disk was replaced with the Document Disk. Finally, the function key 7 was pressed. The word processor was then ready to use.

(A5)

Question (i)
Write a speech on ‘Courtesy is the light of life’ with the help of the following points.
(a) People have a good impression of you.
(b) You will be acknowledged and appreciated by all.
(c) You will he happier and contented with life.
Answer:
Courtesy is the light of life
Dear friends,

Good morning. You may be surprised with the topic I have chosen for this speech, for today the word ‘Courtesy’ seems to be an old-fashioned word for us. But it is really the light of life. I, Shivam Goswami, would like to say a few words on why I think so.

First of all, what does courtesy mean? It means good manners and polite behaviour. It means being kind and compassionate towards someone. When you are courteous, people have a good impression of you; but that is not the reason for being courteous. Politeness should be real, and not artificial.

A courteous person will be appreciated by all. People will like to spend time with him/her and find pleasure in the person’s company. Someone may ask ‘What is courteous behaviour’? Saying simple words like ‘Please’, ‘Thank you’, ‘Excuse me’ and ‘Sorry’ is courteous behaviour. Helping a person who has fallen is courteous behaviour. Holding the lift door open for someone is courteous behaviour.

When a person is courteous, people are automatically courteous in return. This leads to a more polite and happier society. As I conclude, I would like to ask all of you to do something for a week: Be courteous. Then you will see the returns and realize the truth of what I am saying. Thank you for listening to me so patiently. Bye.

Question (ii)
‘Manners maketh man’ – Expand the idea in your own words with proper examples.
Answer:
Manners maketh man

‘Manners maketh Man’ : so goes a famous saying. In the world of today, people are judged by their manners and conduct. Manners distinguish us from animals, and make us human. A person who is courteous and considerate towards others is said to possess good manners. Such a person is respectful to his superiors, courteous to his equals and sympathetic towards his subordinates. He always shows concern for the well-being and comfort of others. He uses words like ‘Please’, ‘Thank you’ and ‘Sorry’ while talking to others; he helps senior citizens and those in need.

Everyone likes a person who speaks and behaves politely and treats others respectfully. Good manners cost practically nothing but can buy everything. They win us friends and help us influence people. They make the world a happier place to live in by reducing friction and avoiding tension.

When we meet a person for the first time, it is the person’s courtesy which impresses us deeply. Good manners are generally taught by parents at home, and by teachers in school. Manners that are learnt during childhood generally remain with us throughout our lives. They become a part of our personality. Hence, it is desirable that good manners are instilled in children when they are very young, so that they grow up to become courteous, considerate adults.

(A6)

Question (i)
Read A. G. Gardiner’s essay “The Open Window’ and compare its theme with the essay ‘On Saying “Please.”

Question (ii)
‘Nothing clears up my spirits like a fine day’ – Keats. Collect information of the poet Keats and write it in your notebook.

(A7)

Question (i)
Soft skills are required in all walks of life including careers and industries. They are increasingly becoming the essential skills of today’s workforce. Soft skills are an integral part of finding, attracting and retaining clients also. Highly developed presentation skills, networking abilities, and etiquette awareness can help you win new clients and gain more work. The following are considered the most important soft skills.
image

Question (ii)
Following are some of the institutions where you will get the courses related to soft skills.
(a) Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
(b) Indian School of Business Management, Hyderabad
(c) XLRI – Xavier School of Management, Jamshedpur
(d) Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi
Jobs available at –

• Customer service centre
• Management schools
• Hotel industry, etc.

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.2 On Saying “Please” Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below.:

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
Read the following sentences and find out True and False sentences. Correct the false sentences:
1. The liftman invited the passenger into the lift.
2. If you knock down a burglar, the law will acquit you.
3. There is no legislation against bad manners.
4. The complainant had to pay a fine.
Answer:
True sentences:
2. If you knock down a burglar, the law will acquit you.
3. There is no legislation against bad manners.

False sentences:
1. The liftman invited the passenger into the lift.
4. The complainant had to pay a fine,

Corrected sentences:
1. The liftman threw the passenger out of the lift.
4. The liftman had to pay a fine.

Question 2.
Explain the penalty, if any, that one has to pay if one is rude or boorish.
Answer:
There is no penalty to pay if one is rude or boorish except the penalty of being called a ill-mannered person.

Question 3.
The behaviour of the people who made the passenger rude and ill-mannered:
Answer:

Question 4.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. The first requirement of civility is that we should acknowledge a service.
2. The Underground Railway Company insists that their employees are civil.
3. The words which make life smooth are ‘please’ and ‘thank you’.
4. The job of a bus conductor is very difficult and sometimes painful.

Question 5.
Tick mark the correct words:
(The answers are marked directly.)
Answer:

1. The author finally found/did not find the money for the ticket.
2. The author thought he had left home with/ without any money.
3. The conductor gave/did not give the author a ticket.
4. The author was pleased/displeased with the conductor.

Question 6.
Complete the web by choosing the correct words from the brackets that describe the conductor: (mean cheerful considerate grumpy patient solicitous impatient polite irritable good-tempered haughty good-natured kind)
Answer:

Question 7.
Complete the following :
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. A modest career can he made dignified by good temper and kindly feeling.
2. The law can only protect us against material) attack.
3. The narrator says he does not want to apologise for praising an unknown bus conductor.
4. A man who is polite may lose material advantage but he always has the spiritual victory.

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Explain what the liftman wanted the passenger to do, and what happened afterwards.
Answer:
The passenger, on entering the lift, said ‘Top’. The liftman wanted him to say ‘Top please’. The passenger refused to do so. The liftman, instead of taking him to the top floor, threw him out of the lift.

Question 2.
Explain the sentence: The pain of a kick on the shins soon passes away but the pain of a wound to our self-respect or our vanity may poison a whole day.
Answer:
This means that if we are physically attacked i and injured, the pain of the wounds will soon heal and be forgotten. But if our self-respect or pride is hurt, it may poison our lives and behaviour for a much longer time.

Question 3.
It is not possible for the law to become the guardian of our private manners. Explain.
Answer:
The area of moral offences is quite vast and no laws or commandments can cover this area. In addition, social civilities, speech and manners are of so many types and the interpretation of these (whether they are good or bad) is so different that no court could administer a law which governed them. Hence, it is not possible for the law to become the guardian of our private manners.

Question 4.
Mention a couple of ways to keep the machine of life oiled and running sweetly.
Answer:
We can keep the machine of life oiled and running sweetly by using courteous words like ‘Please’ and ‘Thank you’ to acknowledge a service.

Question 5.
Complete the following:
(The answer is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
The public owes much to the Underground Railway Company because they insist on a certain standard of civility in their employees, and take care that the standard is observed.

Question 6.
Complete the table:
Answer:

Question 7.
Write the narrator’s opinion about how the liftman should have dealt with the passenger’s uncivility. Give reasons for the same.
Answer:
In the opinion of the writer, the liftman, instead of throwing the passenger out of the lift, should have treated him with elaborate politeness. He would have then had the victory not only over the rude passenger, but also over himself, and that was the spiritual victory that was more important. His revenge would then have been more subtle and effective.

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis :

Question 1.
Name the ‘unpleasant specimen’ mentioned in the extract and describe his behaviour.
Answer:
The ‘unpleasant specimen’ mentioned in the extract is the type of bus conductor who regards his passengers as natural enemies whose chief purpose on the bus is to cheat him, and who can only be kept honest by using a loud voice and an aggressive manner.

Question 2.
Describe the stale old trick, according to the conductor.
Answer:
Pretending that you have forgotten your purse at home, and hence do not have the fare for the ticket is a stale old trick, according to the conductor. (The conductor does not say this the narrator only imagines that he may do so.)

Question 3.
Describe the reactions of the bus conductor.
Answer:
No, the conductor did not think that the narrator was dishonest. He cheerfully accepted what the narrator said without doubting him and offered him a free ticket.

Question 4.
Describe the experience which made the narrator comfortable in the bus.
Answer:
The conductor had trampled on the narrator’s sensitive toe, causing him pain and agony. However, the conductor had then explained matters and apologized so profusely that the narrator forgot his pain and anger. After this experience, the narrator always observed his constant good nature and cheerful behaviour with pleasure and felt comfortable in his presence.

Question 5.
Describe the narrator’s justification of his praise of the conductor.
Answer:
The narrator says that if the famous poet Wordsworth could gain wisdom from a poor leech-gatherer, he sees no reason why ordinary people should not take lessons on conduct from a bus conductor, who shows how a modest job can be made more dignified by behaving in a good-tempered and cheerful manner and with kindliness towards the people one comes in contact with.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Describe a person you have come across who is always polite and helpful. What do you think about him/her?
Answer:
The security guard of our building is always polite and helpful. He will help senior citizens get in and out of their cars or into the lift; he will help any person who has heavy bags. He also replies politely to any question asked by anyone. We all like him very much and often share our chocolates and biscuits with him. We also give him books, stationery and toys for his little child.

Question 2.
Describe a pleasant/unpleasant experience you have had with a bus conductor.
Answer:
This is an experience I had when I was new to Mumbai. I got into a bus and asked the conductor for a ticket to Dadar. The conductor shook his head and told me that I had got into the bus going in the wrong direction. He patiently explained that I would have to get off at the next stop, cross the road, and catch a bus having the same number but going in the opposite direction. He even pointed out the bus stop to me. Though I felt a bit embarrassed, I thanked him for his kindness.

Question 3.
Give your opinion about the conductor’s behaviour.
Answer:
The conductor was really a good and kind human being who saw the best in everyone and believed everyone. He was ready to pay the fare for the narrator’s ticket himself, even though he was not sure whether it would be returned. It is difficult to find such generous and helpful people in the world today, and it leaves a very pleasant feeling in the heart when you do.

Language Study:

Question 1.
The law does not compel me to say ‘Please’.
(Rewrite as an interrogative sentence.)
Answer:
Does the law compel me to say ‘Please’?

Question 2.
It was a question of ‘Please’.
(Add a question tag.)
Answer:
It was a question of ‘Please’, wasn’t it?

Question 3.
It will permit me to retaliate with reasonable violence.
(Pick out the finite and non-finite verbs.)
Answer:
will permit – finite verb;
to retaliate – non-finite verb (infinitive)

Question 4.
The pain of a wound to our self-respect may poison a whole day.
(Pick out the auxiliary and state its function.)
Answer:
may – possibility

Question 5.
For there are few things more catching than bad temper.
(Write the part of speech of the underlined word.)
Answer:
Gerund

Question 6.
Bad manners probably do more to poison the stream of general life than all the crimes in the calendar. (Rewrite in the present perfect tense.)
Answer:
Bad manners have done probably more to poison the stream of general life than all the crimes in the calendar.

Question 7.
There is a social practice much older and much more sacred than any law which enjoins us to be civil.
(Rewrite using ‘not only … but also… ’)
Answer:
There is a social practice not only much older but also much more sacred than any law which enjoins us to be civil.

Question 8.
Most people will have a certain sympathy with him. (Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
Most people will sympathize with him.

Question 9.
Here and there you will meet an unpleasant specimen who regards the passengers as his natural enemies. (Replace the verb in the future tense with a modal auxiliary showing possibility.)
Answer:
Here and there you might meet an unpleasant specimen who regards the passengers as his natural enemies.

Question 10.
I had left home without any money in my pocket. (Pick out the verb and state the tense.)
Answer:
had left-past perfect tense.

Question 11.
I know that stale old trick.
(Rewrite beginning ‘That stale old trick ’.)
Answer:
That stale old trick is known to me.

Question 12.
I said it was very kind of him.
(Identify the clauses.)
Answer:
I said – main clause
it was very kind of him – subordinate noun clause

Question 13.
I began to observe him whenever I boarded his bus. (Pick out the subordinate clause and state the type.)
Answer:
subordinate clause – whenever I boarded his bus; adverb clause of time.

Question 14.
He seemed to have an inexhaustible fund of patience and a gift for making his passengers comfortable. (Rewrite using ‘as well as…’)
Answer:
He seemed to have an inexhaustible fund of patience as well as a gift for making his passengers comfortable.

Question 15.
In lightening their spirits he lightened his own task. (Rewrite using the verb form of the underlined word.)
Answer:
When he lightened their spirits he lightened his own task.

Question 16.
A very modest calling may be dignified by good temper and kindly feeling. (Rewrite as an interrogative sentence.)
Answer:
Can’t a very modest calling be dignified by good temper and kindly feeling?

Question 17.
“I never give the wall to a scoundrel,” said a man who met Chesterfield one day in the street. “I always do,” said Chesterfield, stepping with a bow into the road. (Rewrite using reported speech.)
Answer:
A man who met Chesterfield one day in the street said that he never gave the wall to a scoundrel. Chesterfield, stepping with a bow into the road, replied that he always did.

Question 18.
The polite man may lose the material advantage, but he always has the spiritual victory. (Rewrite beginning ‘Though’)
Answer:
Though the polite man may lose the material advantage, he always has the spiritual victory.

Vocabulary:

Find out the meanings of the following phrases and use them in your own sentences.

Question 1.
knock someone down –
Answer:
Meaning: to hit someone forcefully so that he/she falls down
Sentence: The young boy was so angry with the bully that he knocked him down.

Question 2.
to comply with :
Answer:
Meaning: to obey.
Sentence: We must comply with the laws of the country we live in.

Question 3.
Find out 2 words with prefixes and 2 with suffixes from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. Words with prefixes : discourtesy, uncivil.
2. Words with suffixes : instruction, reasonable.

Question 4.
Complete the following:
Answer:

1. A liftman is a person who is employed to operate a lift.
2. An assailant is a person who attacks another person.
3. A complainant is a person who makes a formal complaint in a law court.
4. A burglar is a person who illegally enters houses and steals things.

Question 5.
Write the meanings of the following words :

1. redress
2. henpecked
3. black eye.

Answer:

1. redress – to set right to remedy.
2. henpecked – being controlled by and frightened of one’s wife.
3. black eye – an area of skin around the eye that has gone dark because it has been hit.

Question 6.
Use the phrase ‘a black eye’ in your own sentence.
Answer:
When I saw my friend with a black eye, I knew that he had been in a fight with someone.

Question 7.
Find out 2 words with suffixes and 2 compound words from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. words with suffixes: vanity, really.
2. Compound words: breakfast, housemaid.

Question 8.
Write the meaning of the following words:

1. endorse
2. verdict
3. resentment
4. calling

Answer:

1. endorse – express support
2. verdict – judgement
3. resentment – anger
4. calling – vocation or profession.

Question 9.
Find out 2 words with suffixes from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
Words with suffixes : sympathy, requirement.

Question 10.
Find out two words with prefixes and two with suffixes from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. Words with prefixes: unfriendliness, inconvenience
2. Words with suffixes: existence, discovery

Question 11.
Pick out four adverbs of manner from the extract.
Answer:
coldly, cheerfully, luckily, easily.

Question 12.
Write the meanings of the followings words:

1. countenance
2. treading
3. assured (someone)
4. benediction
5. uncouth

Answer:

1. countenance – face.’
2. treading – walking on.
3. assured (someone) – made something certain to someone.
4. benediction – a blessing.
5. uncouth – impolite, unrefined.

Question 13.
Find out 2 words with prefixes and 2 with suffixes from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. words with prefixes: inexhaustible, unusually
2. words with suffixes: investment, cheerful

Question 14.
Write the meaning of ‘moral affront’.
Answer:
moral affront: a deliberate offence or insult to one’s dignity or self-respect.

Question 15.
Find out the meaning of the following phrase and use it in your own
sentence: lower than the angels
Answer:
lower than the angels – Meaning : less than perfect
Sentence: The unexpected behaviour of the religious men was somewhat lower than the angels.

Question 16.
Write four words with suffixes from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
agreement, politeness, institution, sweeten.
Note: Students can find more words on their own.

Vocabulary:

A Collocation is a combination of words in a language that often go together. They habitually occur together and hence convey some meaning by association, e.g. early morning, hot dinner, fast train.

Non-Textual Grammar:

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Hearing the sound of music from a side street, Mona had an idea.
(Rewrite as a compound sentence.)
Answer:
Mona heard the sound of music from a side-street and had an idea.

Question 2.
Siddharth could not ask his father for a cricket bat.
(Rewrite using the antonym of ‘able’.)
Answer:
Siddharth was unable to ask his father for a cricket bat.

Question 3.
“I will try,” the lady smiled.
(Rewrite in indirect speech.)
Answer:
The lady smiled and said that she would try.

Spot the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly:

Question 1.
I picked some of the lovely, tasty fruits and had eaten my fill of them.
Answer:
I had picked some of the lovely, tasty fruits and had eaten my fill of them.

Question 2.
I miss my friends a lots.
Answer:
I miss my friends a lot.

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Class 12 English Chapter 1.1 An Astrologer’s Day Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.1 An Astrologer’s Day Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

12th Std English Chapter 1.1 Brainstorming Question Answer

12th English Digest Chapter 1.1 An Astrologer’s Day Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Discuss with your partner and complete the table:

Answer:

Question 2.
The scene in a local market of a village/ town/city is very attractive. People with different occupations sell their wares. Discuss with your partner the variety of activities at the local market.
Answer:

1. selling flowers, selling grocery
2. selling garments and cloth
3. selling imitation jewellery and accessories
4. selling snacks and fast food
5. selling steel and earthenwares

Question 3.
In a village/town/city it is quite a common sight to see an astrologer sitting by the roadside with his professional equipment. Discuss with your partner and list the requirements for his trade.
Answer:

1. parrot, cards, etc.
2. turban, beard, dhoti
3. dried leaves with writing on them
4. cloth with mystic signs to spread his cards
5. bead necklace, coins, shells, punchang, etc.

Question 4.
There are certain unreasonable beliefs among people living in our society. Certain common events are linked with superstitions. List such events, discuss the superstitions linked with them and the means of their eradication.
Answer:
Events and superstitions linked with them:

1. A cat crossing your path (something bad will happen)
2. Walking under a ladder (something unfortunate will happen)
3. Wearing black clothes for an auspicious function (will bring bad luck to the hosts)
4. Spilling salt (unlucky for the person)
5. A black crow cawing outside your window (you will be having guests)

Means of eradication: The only means of eradication is through education. Scientific attitude must be developed in society. Religious heads must counsel and guide their followers. The elders in families must also get rid of old beliefs.

A1.

(i) Given below are some descriptions. Discuss them with your partner and find out one word for each of them.

Question (a)
The scientific study of the universe and the objects in it, including stars, planets, nebulae and galaxies:
Answer:
Astronomy

Question (b)
The study of the movements of the planets, Sun, Moon, and Stars in the belief that these movements can have an influence on people’s lives:
Answer:
Astrology

Question (c)
A prediction of what will happen in the future:
Answer:
Prophecy

Question (d)
Scientific discipline that studies mental states and processes and behaviour in humans and other animals:
Answer:
Psychology

Question (ii)
In the story we are told that the Town Hall Park was a remarkable place in many ways for an astrologer to build his business. List the exceptional qualities of the place from this extract.
Answer:
The exceptional qualities of the place were:

1. A surging crowd
2. A variety of trades and occupations, like medicine sellers, sellers of stolen hardware and junk
3. magicians
4. auctioneers of cheap cloth
5. a vociferous vendor of fried groundnuts.

Question (iii)
The astrologer never opened his mouth till the other had spoken for at least ten minutes. Discuss the reasons behind his act.
Answer:
(a) He was good at reading people.
(b) He obtained a lot of information about their lives from their talk.
(c) He could analyse their character and understand their problems.
(d) He could easily frame his statements to their satisfaction.

A2.

Question (i)
The tactics used by the astrologer to earn his wages are:

Answer:

Question (ii)
An astrologer’s appearance helps to create an impression on his clients. Complete the following:
(The answer is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

1. The turban on his head
2. The sacred ash and vermilion on his forehead
3. dark whiskers covering the face
4. a sparkle in his eye accompanied by an abnormal gleam

1. Read the following sentences and choose the correct one:

Question (a)
The astrologer says that if Nayak does not leave his village again, he would –
(1) return the money
(2) face danger
(3) go back home and stop looking for the man who tried to kill him
(4) not find the killer.
Answer:
(2) face danger

Question (b)
According to the narrator, the astrologer’s success in his profession is primarily due to –
(1) luck
(2) the bargains he drives
(3) his appearance
(4) his understanding of people.
Answer:
(4) his understanding of people

Question (c)
The story suggests that the astrologer’s comments and observations pleased people by –
(1) promising them success and good fortune
(2) proving, as time passes, to have been true
(3) flattering them or supporting their own views
(4) helping them to learn to solve their own problems.
Answer:
(3) flattering them or supporting their own views

Question (d)
Guru Nayak the astrologer because he wants to –
(1) understand the past
(2) find out who the astrologer is
(3) make some money through a bet
(4) get the answer to a specific question.
Answer:
(4) get the answer to a specific question.

Question (e)
Guru Nayak is looking for the man who tried to kill him –
(1) to take revenge
(2) to get an apology
(3) to demand an explanation
(4) to prove that the man was unsuccessful.
Answer:
(1) to take revenge

Question (f)
The astrologer’s remarks make Guru Nayak feel all of the following except –
(1) relieved
(2) suspicious
(3) impressed
(4) disappointed.
Answer:
(2) suspicious

Question (g)
Reactions of the astrologer’s wife to his news suggest that she –
(1) was unaware of his past
(2) has been worried about his safety
(3) has known him since he was young
(4) is concerned about her future with him.
Answer:
(1) was unaware of his past

Question (iv)
Read the following sentences and find out the True and False sentences. Correct the False sentences:
(a) The astrologer gave a correct prediction to the client about his past that he was stabbed, thrown into a well and left for dead
(b) When the astrologer came to know that the man whom he killed is alive he felt that he was relieved of his guilt.
(c) The astrologer tried to back out of the deal and talked about the client’s past.
(d) The astrologer rescued himself from Guru Nayak’s revenge.
(e) The moral of the story is that we must be responsible about what we have done and should not run away from our mistakes.
Answer:
(a) True.
(b) True: When the astrologer came to know that the man whom he killed is alive he felt that he was relieved of his guilt.
(c) False
Corrected sentence. The astrologer struck a bargain with the client and then talked about the client’s past.
(d) True.
(e) False: The moral of the story is that we must be responsible about what we have done and should not run away from our mistakes.
Corrected sentence: The moral is that we should never believe in superstitions.

Question (v)
The astrologer had changed his appearance and his persona when he arrived in the city. Give specific reasons for this.
Answer:
The astrologer thought that he had killed a man after a quarrel. He was afraid that he would be arrested and jailed for this crime. Hence, to avoid detection he changed his appearance and his persona when he arrived in the city.

Question (vi)
‘The darkness load that was inside the astrologer has disappeared’. Through this sentence, explain the significance of the title ‘An Astrologer’s Day’.
OR
(vii) The astrologer feels relieved that Guru is not dead as it relieves a great burden from him. Critically justify the statement and explain it.
Answer:
The astrologer thought that he had killed a man after a quarrel. Hence he had run away from his village, changed his appearance and his persona when he arrived in the city, and become an astrologer. However, he still felt guilty for what he had done. When he came to know that the man he thought he had killed was actually alive, the dark load inside him disappeared, and it made his day, i.e. he felt relieved and happy. This is the significance of the title ‘An Astrologer’s Day’.

Question (viii)
The astrologer wins/gets the sympathy/ criticism of the reader in the end. Express your opinion with the support of the main story.
Answer:
I think I sympathize with the astrologer. He did not try to intentionally kill Guru Nayak; it had happened in the heat of the moment. Of course, he should not have tried to run away but should have accepted responsibility for his crime. However, he is genuinely sorry for what had happened.

His words ‘a great load is gone from me today. I thought I had the blood of a man on my hands all these years’ indicates this. Hence, I sympathize with him and am happy that he can now live in peace.

Question (ix)
Suggest some steps to eradicate superstitions and other ill practices from our society.
Answer:
To eradicate superstitions and other ill practices from our society the first and most important step is education. Schools and colleges must help their students to develop a scientific attitude and think logically and rationally.

Secondly, as people in India tend to listen to their religious heads, all religious heads should send out clear messages to their followers about the eradication of superstitions. And lastly, the older generation should change their opinions and ideas and get rid of silly superstitious beliefs.

Question (x)
In the story, the astrologer has great listening power. Listening helps in developing good relations with people. Express your opinion.
Answer:
Yes, listening helps in developing good relations with people. When we listen, we indicate to the speaker that we care about him/her and are interested in his/her problems/joys. We show that we are ready to help him/her if necessary. We share his/ her ideas. We also realize how we can deal with people successfully by listening to their views.

(A3)

Question (i)
In the story, the astrologer, Guru Nayak and astrologer’s wife reveal their qualities through words and actions. Pick out from the box the words that describe them and write in the appropriate columns:

Answer:

Question 1.
Match the suffixes with the words and make words:

Answer:

Question (iii)
‘An Astrologer’s Day’ has ironic elements where the astrologer pretends to have ‘supernatural knowledge’ that coincidently turns out to be the truth. Find out an example of irony from the extract and write it down:
Find out the examples of irony from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
His eyes sparkled with a sharp abnormal gleam which was really an outcome of a continual searching look for customers, but which his simple clients took to be a prophetic light and felt comforted.
1. He knew no more of what was going to happen to others than he knew what was going to happen to himself the next minute.
2. He was as much a stranger to the stars as were his innocent customers.
3. He said things which pleased and astonished everyone : that was more a matter of study, practice, and shrewd guesswork.

Question (iv)
Find the examples of code-mixing from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. ‘cowrie shells’
2. turban

Question (v)
There are some phrases where the word ‘crown’ is used with different shades of meaning. Use the following phrases to complete the sentences meaningfully. One is done for you.
Crowning achievement, to crown the effect, crown of thorns, crowning glory, to crown it all
Answer:
e.g. To crown the effect, he wound a saffron- coloured turban around his head.
(a) The works of Shakespeare are the crowning glory of English drama.
(b) Amitabh has given us awesome movies throughout five decades. But his crowning achievement is his performance in the movie ‘Black’.
(c) In her pursuit of success, Radha has distanced herself from her family. Her fame has become a real crown of thorns.
(d) They threw a wonderful party for me with costumes, games and to crown it all my favourite kind of ice cream.
(e) Medical science has great inventions, but organ transplantation is definitely a crowning achievement for human beings.

(A4)

Question (i)
Use the word given in the brackets and rewrite the sentence:
(a) The power of his eyes was considerably enhanced. (enhancement)
(b) He had a working analysis of mankind’s troubles, (worked)
(c) He knew what was going to happen to himself the next minute. (happening)
(d) If you find my answers satisfactory, will you give me five rupees? (satisfaction)
(e) He shook his head regretfully. (regret)
(f) It was a bewildering crisscross of light rays, (bewildered)
(g) “I should have been dead if some passer-by had not chanced to peep into the well,” exclaimed the other, overwhelmed by enthusiasm. (enthusiastically)
(h) You tried to kill him. (killing)
(i) I will prepare some nice stuff for her. (preparation)
(j) The other groaned on hearing it. (heard)
Answer:
(a) There was considerable enhancement in the power of his eyes.
(b) He had worked out an analysis of mankind’s troubles.
(c) He knew what could be happening to himself the next minute.
(d) If my answers give you satisfaction, will you give me five rupees?
(e) He shook his head with regret.
(f) He was bewildered by the crisscross of light rays.
(g) “I should have been dead if some passer-by had not chanced to peep into the well,” exclaimed the other enthusiastically.
(h) You tried killing him.
(i) I will make a preparation of some nice stuff for her.
(j) The other groaned when he heard it.

(A5)

Question (i)
Prepare a speech on Science and Superstitions.
Answer:
Science and Superstitions
Respected teacher and my dear friends,

I wish you all a very good morning. Today we are celebrating Science day in our school, and on this occasion I, Rohan Kamte, would like to say a few words about Science and Superstitions.

Science and Superstitions are two opposite ends of a pole. Those who have the scientific attitude and believe in science cannot possibly believe in superstitions. After all, what exactly are superstitions? They are only some tales made up by people for some reason or the other. Let me give you an example. Many years ago, in a house in a village, they were having an auspicious function. A lot of food was being cooked.

A cat and her kitten were moving about here and there in the kitchen. Afraid that the cat would be trampled upon or may fall into one of the open fires, the mistress of the house ordered the servant to put the cat and its kitten under a basket, and to do so every time there was a function in the house. This became a ‘superstition’ and in some houses, people actually brought a cat into the house and put it under a basket whenever they had a function!

This is what superstitions are all about. The superstition of bad luck if you walk under a ladder too has its reasons. The ladder could fold up and injure a person walking beneath it, or something could fall on the person’s head.

So friends, I request you: In this age of Science, do not believe in silly superstitions. Keep your minds open. Be rational and logical. Analyse things. Believe something only if it has the backing of Science. Thank you.

(ii) Read the following proverbs. Share you views and expand the ideas.

Question (a)
Actions speak louder than words.
Answer:
Actions speak louder than words

Today a lot of importance is being given to the way we speak and what we speak. But we have to remember that ultimately it is not words but actions that are important. Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of our Nation, did not give any grand speeches. However, by his actions he saw that India gained her freedom. Our soldiers do not give long lectures on patriotism they merely act to defend the country. What would have happened if they had only spoken but not acted?

This very well-known proverb is very apt when it comes to parent-child interaction. It has been seen that children observe the actions of their parents and imitate them not their words. In the animal kingdom too, the actions of the parent are of paramount importance. During elections, politicians make loud speeches but later on do not work. It is because of this behaviour that they lose the trust of the people. Thus, we must act with responsibility, always remembering that people observe our actions and are not swayed by our words.

Question (b)
The face is the index of the mind.
Answer:
[Points: facial expressions and eyes indicate one’s thoughts – this is. non-verbal communication – that is why we smile when happy and frown when sad – however, smart people can hide their feelings so that face does not show them – so one has to be careful while reading faces]

Question (c)
Speech is silver and silence is golden.
Answer:
[Points: we speak – we give others information or reveal our thoughts – others speak, we get information – sometimes we speak hastily and hurt others – create problems – remain silent and think – can find solutions – many leaders speak hastily – create international problems – better to be silent and let one’s actions speak]

Question (d)
Argument is the worst kind of communication.
Answer:
[Points: arguments – people get angry – angry words and raised voices – hurt people – confusion – relationships spoilt – instead talk softly and allow others to talk – accept that others can think in a different way – ‘a man convinced against his will is of the same opinion still’]

Question (e)
Attitudes are the real figures of speech.
Answer:
[Points: quote by Edwin H Friedman – in communication, more than the verbal message, the non-verbal message important – your attitude and behaviour have more impact than your words – for example, if you say ‘sorry’ in a harsh tone without any apology on your face – the word has no meaning – hence body language and attitude are very important)

Question (f)
The wise man has long ears and a short tongue
Answer:
[Points: better to listen than to speak – wise people listen more and speak only when they have something important to say – speech is silver and silerwe is golden – in any situation it is better to remain silent and evaluate situation – empty vessels make the most noise]

(A6)

Question (i)
Bill Naughton has written a collection of wonderful stories which you can read in his book ‘The Goal Keeper’s Revenge and Other Stories’. Read all the stories and discuss their themes with your partner.

Question (ii)
Read R.K. Narayan’s humorous collections of short stories and novels. Here are some titles you can read.
(a) ‘Under The Banyan Tree’
(b) ‘The Doctor’s Word’
(c) ‘LawleyRoad’
(d) ‘A Horse and Two Goats’
(e) ‘Gateman’s Gift’

(A7)

Question 1.
Surf the internet and find out the career opportunities in Astronomy.

Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 1.1 An Astrologer’s Day Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the extract and complete the activities given below:

Global Understanding:

Question 1.
List the fancy names the vendor of fried groundnuts gave his wares.
Answer:
The fancy names the vendor of fried groundnuts gave his wares are:

1. ‘Bombay Ice Cream’
2. ‘Delhi Almond’
3. ‘Raja’s Delicacy’, etc.

Question 2.
Complete the following:
(The answer is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
If the astrologer had stayed in the village, he would have carried on the work of his forefathers-namely, tilling the land, living, marrying and growing old in his cornfield and ancestral home.

Question 3.
The Town Hall Park was a remarkable place in many ways for an astrologer to build his business. List the exceptional qualities of the place from the extract.
Answer:
The exceptional qualities of the place were:

1. lack of municipal lighting
2. flare from the groundnut heap
3. hissing gaslights, some with naked flares, and cycle lamps
4. bewildering criss-cross of light rays and moving shadows

Question 4.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
The signal for the astrologer to leave was when the nuts vendor blew out his flare and rose to go home.
The astrologer spoke only when his client had spoken for at least ten minutes.

Question 5.
Rearrange the following sentences in the order of their occurrence in the extract:

1. “I will speak to you tomorrow.”
2. “Oh, stop that,” the other said.
3. “There is a woman ”
4. “Or will you give me eight annas?”

Answer:

1. “Oh, stop that,” the other said.
2. “Or will you give me eight annas?”
3. “I will speak to you tomorrow.”
4. “There is a woman ………..”

Complex Factual:

Question 1.
Complete the following:
(The answer is given directly and underlined.) The tactics used by the astrologer to earn his wages are:
Answer:

Question 2.
Describe how the astrologer had left the village.
Answer:
The astrologer had left the village without any previous thought or plan. He had left home without telling anyone. He did not rest till he left behind his village a couple of miles.

Question 3.
The astrologer could understand the problem in five minutes. Give reasons from the extract.
Answer:
The astrologer had a working analysis of mankind’s troubles like marriage, money and the tangle of human ties. Long practice had sharpened the way he perceived things, and thus he could understand the problem in five minutes.

Question 4.
Complete the following :
(The answer is given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 5.
Complete the web:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 6.
Complete the following with what had happened to Guru Nayak’s enemy, according to the astrologer. According to the astrologer ………….. .
Answer:
According to the astrologer, Guru Nayak’s enemy had died. He had been crushed by a lorry.

Question 7.
Describe the load on the astrologer’s mind.
Answer:
The astrologer thought that he had killed a man after a quarrel. He felt intensely guilty about this, and had run away from his village. This feeling of guilt was the load on his mind.

Question 8.
Was the astrologer’s wife happy with his day’s earnings? What did she plan to do with it?
Answer:
Yes, the astrologer’s wife was overjoyed with his day’s earnings. She planned to buy some jaggery and coconut and make some sweets for their daughter.

Inference/Interpretation/Analysis:

Question 1.
The presence of the groundnut vendor is beneficial to the astrologer. Justify.
Answer:
The vendor of fried groundnuts gave his wares fancy names like ‘Bombay Ice Cream’, ‘Delhi Almond’, ‘Raja’s Delicacy’ and so on. People were amused and attracted by this and flocked to him to buy groundnuts. As the astrologer was seated right next to him, the groundnut vendor’s customers dallied near the astrologer and were probably tempted to consult him.

Question 2.
Pick out the lines that tell you that the astrologer did not have any real knowledge of astrology.
Answer:

1. He had not in the least intended to be an astrologer when he began life.
2. He knew no more of what was going to happen to others than he knew what was going to happen to himself the next minute.
3. He was as much a stranger to the stars as were his innocent customers.
4. It was a bewildering crisscross of light rays and moving shadows. This suited the astrologer very well.

Question 3.
The astrologer could tell the person/client about his life. Describe the method he used.
Answer:
The astrologer would listen to his client talk for about ten minutes. He would thus get all the information about his life from him, and then cleverly pose questions which made it appear that he actually knew about the person’s life.

Question 4.
‘Our friend felt piqued.’ Name the friend and give reasons for him feeling ‘piqued’.
Answer:
‘Our friend’ is the astrologer. He felt piqued because the man cut short his words rudely and told him to tell him something worthwhile. The astrologer was used to people listening eagerly and respectfully to whatever he had to say, and the behaviour of the man showed that he did not value the usual smooth talk. That is why the astrologer felt piqued.

Question 5.
Complete the following:
(The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
1. The man was left for dead because he had been pushed into a well in a field. Nobody normally looked into the well, and he would have died had there not been a passer-by who chanced to peep into the well.
2. The man looked gratified because his enemy had met his death by being crushed under a lorry. Guru Nayak felt that the man deserved such a terrible fate for what he had done to him.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you like to hear predictions about your future? Give reasons.
Answer:
No, I do not like to hear predictions about my future. I do not believe that any person can foretell what is going to happen in someone’s life. Astrology is just a way of making money from gullible people. I believe that one must work hard and be a good human being if one wants to be successful in life.

Question 2.
Do you think that astrology is an art and can be studied? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes, astrology is an art. There are various methods of predicting the future, like palm-reading, reading the pulse, reading the horoscope, etc. These methods can be studied, or the knowledge can be inherited from one’s ancestors. However, the astrologer must have intuition and talent for this art.

Question 3.
Explain with examples your reactions when someone challenges you.
Answer:
If the challenge is worthwhile, I take it up. For example, my friend Rohan challenged me to a bicycle race to the top of a nearby hill. I took it up as it was interesting, and I knew I could do it.

However, when my friend Soham challenged me to jump from the first floor of our building, I refused the challenge, as I knew it was dangerous and I was likely to break some bones. Though Soham scoffed at me, and said that he had already done it, I did not let his ridicule bother me.

Language Study:

Question 1.
The power of his eyes was considerably enhanced by their position.
(Rewrite beginning ‘The position …………’)
Answer:
The position of his eyes considerably enhanced their power.

Question 2.
This colour scheme never failed.
(Rewrite as an affirmative sentence.)
Answer:
This colour scheme was always successful.

Question 3.
He had left his village without any previous thought or plan. (Rewrite using neither … nor …’)
Answer:
He had left his village with neither any previous thought nor plan.

Question 4.
One or two had hissing gaslights. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined word.)
Answer:
hissing – adjective (present participle used as an adjective)

Question 5.
He never opened his mouth till the other had spoken for at least ten minutes.
(Rewrite using ‘only’.)
Answer:
He opened his mouth only after the other had spoken for at least ten minutes.

Question 6.
He looked up and saw a man standing before him. (Rewrite as a simple sentence.)
Answer:
Looking up, he saw a man standing before him.

Question 7.
If I prove you are bluffing, you must return that anna to me with interest. (Pick out the clauses and state their type.)
Answer:
you must return that anna to me with interest-main clause
If I prove you are bluffing-adverb clause of condition

Question 8.
“Tell me something worthwhile.” (Identify the type of sentence.)
Answer:
Imperative sentence.

Question 9.
Never travel southward again, and you will live to be a hundred. (Rewrite using ‘only if)
Answer:
You will live to be a hundred only if you never travel southward again.

Question 10.
He flung the coins at her and said “Count them. One man gave all that.” (Rewrite in reported speech.)
Answer:
He flung the coins at her and instructed her to count them. He added that one man had given all of it.

Question 11.
I will prepare some nice stuff for her. (Rewrite using the past perfect tense of the verb.)
Answer:
I had prepared some nice stuff for her.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Match the suffixes with the words and make words:
Answer:

Question 2.
Pick out two words from the extract that indicate sound.
Answer:
crackled, hissing

Question 3.
Guess the meaning of ‘pies’
Answer:
pies – is the plural form of pie which is a former bronze coin of India, the 12th part of an anna.

Question 4.
Find an example of code mixing from the extract and write it down.
Answer:
pies

Question 5.
Find out the examples of irony from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. When he told the person before him, gazing at his palm, “In many ways you are not getting the fullest results for your efforts,” nine out of ten were disposed to agree with him.
2. “Most of your troubles are due to your nature. How can you be otherwise with Saturn where he is? You have an impetuous nature and a rough exterior.” This endeared him to their hearts immediately, for even the mildest of us loves to think that he has a forbidding exterior.

Question 6.
Guess the meaning of the words:

1. tilting
2. bluffing
3. glimpse

Answer:

1. tilting – to move into a sloping position.
2. bluffing – deceiving, lying
3. glimpse – to see someone or something for a very short time

Question 7.
Find examples of code mixing from the extract and write them down.
Answer:

1. anna
2. rupee
3. cheroot
4. jutka

Question 8.
Guess the meaning of the words:

1. passer-by
2. peep
3. overwhelmed
4. groaned

Answer:

1. passer-by – a person who happens to be going past something or someone, especially on foot.
2. peep – to peer into something cautiously
3. overwhelmed – overcome
4. groaned – made a low sound of distress.

Question 9.
Find examples of code mixing from the extract and write them down.
Answer:
1. annas
2. pyol

Question 10.
Find from the extract the antonyms of the following words:

1. light
2. noise
3. few
4. dead

Answer:

1. light × darkness
2. noise × silence
3. few × many
4. dead × alive

Non-Textual Grammar:

1. Do as directed:

Question 1.
A stone struck the man on the head.
(Rewrite using the passive voice.)
Answer:
The man was struck on the head by a stone.

Question 2.
You will not recover. Refrain from smoking.
(Rewrite using ‘unless’.)
Answer:
You will not recover unless you refrain from smoking.

Question 3.
He is certainly taller than his brother.
(Rewrite in the positive degree.)
Answer:
His brother is certainly not as tall as he is.

Spot the error in the following sentences:

Question 1.
His mouth watered when he saw a bouquet of grapes.
Answer:
His mouth watered when he saw a bunch of grapes.

Question 2.
They left their luggages at the railway station.
Answer:
They left their luggage at the railway station.

English Yuvakbharati 12th Full Digest Section 1 (Prose)

Class 10 English Chapter 2.4 Question Answer Maharashtra Board

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions My English Coursebook Chapter 2.4 An Epitome of Courage Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

An Epitome of Courage Poem 10th Std Question Answer

My English Coursebook Standard Ten Guide Chapter 2.4 An Epitome of Courage Textbook Questions and Answers

Warming up!

Chit-chat:

A Strange Truth – ‘Handicapped are those who refuse to take up challenges, even with all their senses and physiology in perfect condition.’

Question 1.
Understand and discuss the above truth.
Answer:
(वरील सत्याविषयी समजून घ्या व चर्चा करा.)

Question 2.
How can you encourage such people to change and become confident? Discuss at least 4 to 5 ways you can do the above.
Answer:
1. The discussion should be related to the people who are not really disabled mentally or physically. This truth is about the people who are mentally and physically perfect but avoid, hesitate or neglect doing something challenging. By some reasons, they are not ready to change their attitude or fixed ideas. They don’t wish to change their mindset and stick to their passive and inactive attitude.

2. Think and try to understand the reasons behind their lethargy, inactiveness or indifference and try to encourage them and give them confidence.

3. Ways to encourage them and give confidence :

• Know his mindset, know his/her handicaps and obstacles he faced.
• Talk to him/her in friendly manner about his good qualities.
• Give examples of successful persons who have faced the challenges.
• Advice him/her to be brave, courageous and active.
• Help him/her in the fields where he/she lacks (confidence, courage, boldness, openness, etc.)

1. There are pleasant and polite ways of referring to people with physical and mental disabilities. Fill in the table below:

Question 1.
There are pleasant and polite ways of referring to people with physical and mental disabilities. Fill in the table below:

Answer:

2. Read the beginning and complete the story in your own words:
Sumit, the son oç a shoe maker, was a highly intelligent student in a municipal school. His Maths teacher Called him 1Einstein’, for he was brilliant in Maths.
He loved Maths. umit wanted to study further after C, however he suffered
from Polio and …..
Now, continue the story with a favourable/positive ending.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

English Workshop:

1. Match the following. 

Question 1.
Match the following.

Answer:

2. Complete the following web-chart containing the qualities of Dr. Stephen Hawking.

Question 1.
Complete the following web-chart containing the qualities of Dr. Stephen Hawking.

Answer:

3. Arrange the following statements according to the occurance in the life history of Dr Stephen Hawking.

Question 1.
Arrange the following statements according to the occurance in the life history of Dr Stephen Hawking.
(a) At the age of 17, Stephen noticed that he fell down a couple of times for no reason.
(b) He became a fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the US National Academy of Science.
(c) He believes that in the next millenium, science will discover the core secrets of the universe.
(d) Stephen was born on 8th January, 1942 and then grew up like an average child and a normal teenager.
(e) The disease worked its way into Stephen’s body and left him disabled.
(f) Stephen decided to continue his doctoral research work with renewed vigor.
(g) Stephen was diagnosed with a rare disease – ALS or LOU.
(h) Though confined to a wheelchair he worked on computer and expressed his thoughts.
Answer:
(a) Stephen was born on 8th January, 1942 and then grew up like an average child and a normal teenager.
(b) At the age of 17, Stephen noticed that he fell down a couple of times for no reason.
(c) Stephen was diagnosed with a rare disease- ALS or LOU.
(d) Stephen decided to continue his doctoral research work with renewed vigour.
(e) The disease worked its way into Stephen’s body and left him disabled.
(f) Though confined to a wheelchair he worked on computer and expressed his thoughts.
(g) He became a fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the US National Academy of Science.
(h) He believes that in the next millennium, science will discover the core secrets of the universe.

4. Homographs – Pairs of words that are spelled and pronounced the same, but have different meanings, in different contexts.
For example

• watch – observe
• watch – device that shows time

Question 1.
Use the following words in two different contexts.
Answer:
(a) couple – couple
1. The bowler managed to take a couple of wickets.
2. The elderly couple was taking a walk in the park.

(b) mind – mind
1. There were many thoughts in his mind, before he left his house.
2. Do you mind, if I put on the fan?

(c) space – space
1. We shall make some space for our new table.
2. Man is thinking of building a space station on the moon.

(d) sound – sound
1. The loud sound at midnight startled everyone.
2. His idea of celebrating birthday in a different way sounds quite interesting.

(e) left – left
1. Go straight and then turn left to reach the station.
2. As soon as he completed his Ph.D., he left for USA.

5. Use the following words/phrases in your own sentences.

Question 1.
Use the following words/phrases in your own sentences.
(a) quirk of fate
(b) confined to
(c) exaggeration
(d) an epitome of
(e) millennium.
Answer:
(a) By the quirk of fate, all the members of the happy family died in an accident.
(b) My neighbour is confined to bed for a long time with paralysis.
(c) He told me the strange news without any . exaggeration.
(d) The champion cricketer is an epitome of modesty
(e) I believe that man will go to stay on other planets before the next millennium.

6. Expand the given themes. Make use of this support/hints:

Question 1.

Answer:
Question a.
Falling ill during the Final Exam.
Answer:
If I fall ill during my final exam, I’ll feel worried in the beginning. But soon I’ll collect myself and will face the problem boldly. Determinedly I’ll continue to appear for the remaining exam papers because there will be no reason getting into a panic about the final exam. I already have completed my study and revised it well before the exam.
My parents, I am sure, will be there to nurse me well and look after my health, medicines and my fast recovery. My friends also will help me in my

studies. They will comfort me and give me confidence. If I feel a little better, I myself will continue my studies for the final exam. So everything will fall into place.

Question b.
Helping a Disabled Person.
Answer:
If I meet a disabled person who needs help, I’ll treat him kindly. I shall sympathetically enquire about his difficulties and his requirements. I shall, with the help of my friends, try to provide him with the things he needs. If his needs are beyond our reach, we shall contact the persons or the organizations who could support him and fulfill his needs and requirements. We shall continue our efforts till he meets all his essential needs and equipment.

Question c.
Helping a Friend in Trouble.
Answer:
If any of my friends is in trouble, I will immediately visit him and find out the nature of his trouble. I shall try to pacify him if he is really very much affected. I shall console him if his trouble is because of emotional or financial problems. My friends and I will promise him to share his problem if he speaks it up clearly and freely. A trouble shared is a trouble halved. We shall advise him to be patient and tolerate the situation bravely and courageously. We shall try to help and support our friend in every possible way.

Question d.
Meeting a Great Person like Dr. Stephen Hawking.
Answer:
Before meeting such a great person like Dr. Stephen Hawking, I will have to preplan my visit and get permission for the visit from him. I must be ready with the information about his life history, his characteristics, his education, his achievements and his display of exemplary courage in the face of overwhelming odds.

It is difficult to face and get to talk to such an awe-inspiring person. But I know how to handle myself in this situation. I will talk to him boldly and respectfully. I will overcome my fear of meeting such a great man. I will tell him how I am impressed and inspired by his work and achievements. I will get the greatest joy of my life in meeting such a great personality.

7. You happen to meet a successful person who is a disabled. Write an imaginary dialogue between you and him/her. You can take support of the hints provided.

Question 1.
You happen to meet a successful person who is a disabled. Write an imaginary dialogue between you and him/her. You can take support of the hints provided.
(a) introductionlwelcome/greetings
(b) congratulating/honouring
(c) cause/reason for the disability
(d) decisionlplan/organisationlimplementation
(e) idols in life
(f) parents/friends – support if any
(g) success stories/accomplishments
(h) conclusion/final message if any
Answer:
Answer:
An Imaginary Dialogue between Sumit, a disabled and you:

• Myself: Hello, Sir, nice to meet you. I have read that you have received ‘The Sangeet Samrat’ Award of our city. Congratulations!
• Sumit: Yes, you are right, and thank you for your good wishes.
• Myself: You are confined to the wheelchair and both your legs are amputated. What made you disabled?
• Sumit: At the age of five I was crippled by Polio, The disease worked its way into my legs and they had to be amputated. I was confined to this wheelchair since then.
• Myself: I wonder how you could achieve such a great feat. Didn’t you feel depressed?
• Sumit: That is a long story. Music was in my blood. My father was a great classical singer. I used to listen to him since my childhood. He was my first Guru.
• Myself: With all your sufferings and this disability, what made you live a normal life and who inspired you?

Sumit: God is great! And courage is a wonderful thing! I was optimistic, so I faced the calamity without losing heart. Fortunately one of our teachers in our special school inspired me. He told me the story of Wilma Rudolf whose legs were crippled by Polio. Even then she wanted to become the fastest runner in the world and she did it! She practised with determination.

She failed in many races got up started again. The day came when she reached Rome for participating in the 1960 Olympics. In women’s running races (events), she won gold medals in 100 metres running, 200 metres running and 400 metres relay race, defeating all the participants. She became the fastest runner in the then world. The story inspired me and I started my riyaz undauntedly for hours together and here I am today.

• Myself: Were there any obstacles?
• Sumit: Yes, there were. I faced them boldly and moved ahead. People began to admire my songs and music. Now people respect me as rich and famous, but a humble music director.
• Myself: Could you please tell me about the most memorable day in your career as a music composer?
• Sumit: Yes, It is unforgettable that I received my ‘Sangeet Samrat Award’ from Godlike Guru Pandit Hridaynath Mangeshkar.
• Myself: What are your plans for future?
• Sumit: I will continue my service to music and please my fans.
• Myself: What is your advice to the younger generation?
• Sumit: Come what may. Work hard determinently. Win over your physical or mental calamities courageously. Don’t give up and try your best to get success in life.
• Myself: Thank you for giving your precious time and talk.
• Sumit: It’s my pleasure!

Language Study:

1. Complete the following Word Chain of adjectives.

Question 1.
Complete the following Word Chain of adjectives
(a) cruel →____→ ____ → ____ → ____.
(b) medicine →____ → ____ → ____ → ____.
(c) grow →____ →____ → ____ → ____.
(d) physics →______ → ______→ ______ → ______.
Answer:
(a) cruel → lazy → yearlong → genuine → enthusiastic.
(b) medicine → energy → yardstick → keyboard → diary.
(c) grow → withstand → develop → practice → entertain.
(d) physics → secretary → yawn → nature → eligible

2. (A) Convert the following to Exclamatory sentences of the same meaning.

Question 1.
Convert the following to Exclamatory sentences of the same meaning.
(a) Dr Hawking is a very humble man.
(b) He was very clumsy.
(c) He was very simple and intelligent.
(d) Courage is a truly wonderful thing.

Answer:
(a) How humble a man Dr. Hawking is!
(b) How clumsy was he!
(c) How simple and intelligent was he!
(d) How truly wonderful a thing courage is!

(B) Convert the following to Interrogative (Question) form.

Question 1.
Convert the following to Interrogative (Question) form.

1. The prognosis was bad.
2. Stephen decided to continue his research.
3. There are many people who display exemplary courage.
4. His mind would soar up into space like light.

Answer:

1. Wasn’t the prognosis bad?
2. Didn’t Stephen decide to continue his research?
3. Aren’t there many people who display exemplary courage?
4. Wouldn’t his mind soar up into space, like light?

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Chapter 2.4 An Epitome of Courage Additional Important Questions and Answers

Read the following passage and do the activities:

Simple Factual Activities:

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences with the help of the information from the passage:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. Dr. Stephen Hawking was born on the eighth day of January 1942 in Oxford.
2. Courage is the quality which makes people not to lose heart when faced with a great calamity.
3. Dr. Stephen Hawking was a living legend of Cosmology.
4. He wanted to study mathematics but the Oxford University did not have mathematics course then, so he opted to study physics instead.
5. Stephen Hawking’s parents failed to know ! about Stephen that one day their little boy ; will be acclaimed as one of the greatest scientist of this century.
6. Stephen Hawkings was sent to the University of Oxford to study Mathematics.

Question 2.
State whether the following sentences are True or False:
Answer:

1. Dr. Stephen Hawking was born on the eighth day of February 1942. – False
2. Dr. Stephen Hawking was a living legend of Biology. – False
3. Courage makes people not lose heart when faced with a great calamity. – True
4. Dr. Stephen Hawking was born before the death of Galileo. – False

Question 3.
Say whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:

1. At the age of 17 Dr. Stephen Hawking was suffering from an extremely rare disease. – True
2. Stephen’s teachers liked his handwriting very much. – False
3. He got his Ph.D. studying the concept of ‘Black Holes’. – True
4. At the dismal stage Dr. Hawking enjoyed his life the most. – True

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences with the help of the information given in the passage:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

1. Dr. Hawking is a very humble man, though he is considered Einstein’s equal in intelligence.
2. Dr. Hawking expressed his thoughts with the help of his finger and with a computer.
3. He was bestowed with numerous honorary doctorates and awards.
4. Dr. Hawking’s ‘A Brief History of Time’ is one of the best selling books of our time.

Complex Factual Activities

Question 1.
What do you know about Dr Stephen Hawking from this passage?
Answer:
Dr Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford on the 8th of January 1942. Nobody could imagine that the little boy would be one of the greatest scientists of this century. He faced a great calamity with great courage and became living legend of Cosmology. His body was bound to a wheelchair but his mind was working and that made him one of the greatest scientists of this century.

As a child he had a lot of love for music and mathematics. His father wanted him to study medicine but he was bent on studying mathematics. The Oxford University did not have a course in mathematics, so he opted to study physics.

Question 2.
Complete the web:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 3.
Complete the following web showing the effects of the disease ALS or LOU on Dr Hawking:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Question 4.
What did Dr. Stephen achieve even after the disease disabled him?
Answer:
Even after the disease disabled Stephen he continued his doctoral research work with renewed vigour. He studied the concept of “Black Holes” and got his Ph.D. in the subject. The study sparked his imagination with bright ideas. He made many epoch-making statements that shook established theories. To explain the concept of ‘Big Bang’ better, Stephen invented what is known as “Lie Algebra”.

Question 5.
What does the writer say about the books authored by Dr. Hawking?
Answer:
The writer says about Dr. Hawking’s books that he wrote many books dealing with his terrific ideas keeping a common man in mind. His writing is full of wit and humour. His style is so lucid that non-scientists can also understand his writing. His book ‘A Brief History of Time’ is one of the best selling books of our time.

Question 6.
Which of Dr. Hawking’s achievements are mentioned in this passage?
Answer:
Dr. Hawking is an authority on profound subjects of science. Numerous honorary doctorates and awards have been bestowed upon him. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the US National Academy of Sciences. He has authored many books dealing with his awesome ideas. His book ‘A Brief History of Time’ is one of best selling books of our times.

Activities based on Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Classify the following words into verbs, adjectives and nouns:
whole, know, little, predict, calamity, legend, mind, physics, great, imagine, wonderful, cruel, courage, faced, grew, heart, fate, course.
Answer:

1. Verbs – know, predict, imagine, faced, grew
   
2. Adjectives – little, wonderful, cruel, whole, great
3. Nouns – calamity, legend, mind, physics, courage, heart, fate, course

Question 2.
Find the similar meaning word/phrase for the following from the passage
Answer:

1. a period of hundred years – century
2. a very fine example of something – epitome
3. acclaimed – hailed
4. unexpected change of destiny – quirk of fate

Question 3.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meanings in Column ‘B’:

Answer:

Question 4.
Write the adjectives for the following nouns from the passage:

1. ideas
2. style
3. courage
4. secrets.

Answer:

1. awesome ideas
2. lucid style
3. exemplary courage
4. core secrets

Question 5.
Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meanings in Column ‘B’:

Answer:

Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Question 1.
Make the following sentences exclamatory:

i. Courage is truly a wonderful thing.
Answer:
What a wonderful thing courage is!

ii. He was very clumsy.
Answer:
How clumsy he was!

Question 2.
Change the following sentence into positive and comparative degree:
Dr Hawking is one of the greatest scientists of this century.
Answer:
i. Positive degree: Very few (Not many) scientists of this century are as great as Dr. Hawking.
ii. Comparative degree: Dr. Hawking is greater than most other scientists of this century.

Question 3.
He is one of the greatest scientists of this century. (Choose the correct question tag from the given alternatives.)
(a) aren’t he?
(b) is he?
(c) wasn’t he?
(d) isn’t he?
Answer:
He is one of the greatest scientists of this century; isn’t he?

Question 4.
He made many epoch-making statements. (Rewrite the sentence using Present Continuous Tense.)
Answer:
He is making many epoch-making statements.

Question 5.
This disease came as a bolt from the blue. (Rewrite the sentence using Past Perfect Tense.)
Answer:
This disease had come as a bolt from the blue.

Personal Responses:

Question 1.
Do you think, that courage is a wonderful thing? Why do you think so?
Answer:
Yes, I do think that courage is a wonderful I think because it can work miracles in one’s life. A person with great courage stimulates an ordinary or even a disabled person to achieve the impossible, I know a small boy who rescued his younger sister from a tiger’s fierce attack. A courageous person is brave enough to do whatever he/she feels to be right and good in his or her opinion.

Question 2.
What, do you think, are the miseries of a person who is confined to wheelchair?
Answer:
I think, the person who is confined to a wheelchair has to face many restrictions, difficulties and inconveniences. He is mentally and physically depressed all the time. He is deprived of living comfortable happy life. He neither has control over his limbs nor on his mind.

Question 3.
How do you know that Dr. Hawking is a perfect example of optimism and hope?
Answer:
He fully believed in his courage, his intelligence and his authority on profound subjects of science. He did not lose his hopes, even when he was suffering from the dreaded ALS disease. He believed that his life was not different from other people. He tried his best and lived a normal life like other people. He did not think about his sufferings or regret the things that prevented him from doing the things he hoped. His optimism helped him to fulfill his hopes and goals.

Do as directed:

Question 1.
His writing is full of wit and humour.
(Rewrite the sentence using Past Perfect Tense.)
Answer:
His writing had been full of wit and humour.

Question 2.
He is a fellow of the Royal society and a member of the US National Academy of Science.
(Use not only – but also)
Answer:
He is not only a fellow of the Royal society but also a member.

Activities based on Language Study

Do as directed:

Question 1.
Complete the words by using the correct letter:

1. d e _ t h
2. s t _ g e
3. b o o _ s
4. b _ a v e

Answer:

1. d e a t h
2. s t a g e
3. b o o k s
4. b r a v e

Question 2.
Put the following words in alphabetical order:

1. profound, prognosis, planet, possible
2. undaunted, confined, awesome, explain

Answer:

1. planet, possible, profound, prognosis
2. awesome, confined, explain, undaunted

Question 3.
Punctuate the following sentences:

1. he said to her we must have to come out of this calamity
2. shall we reach meeras house on time i asked.

Answer:

1. He said to her, “We must have to come out of this calamity.”
2. “Shall we reach Meera’s house on time?” I asked.

Question 4.
Make four words (minimum 3 letters each) using the letters in the word meanwhile:
Answer:
mean, while, meal, mile

Question 5.
Write related words as shown in the example:
(Answers are directly given and underlined.)
Answer:

Do as directed:

1. Attempt anyone:

b. Add a clause to the following sentence to expand it meaningfully.
Nobody thought that
Answer:
Nobody thought that he would become such a great sportsman.

2. Attempt anyone:

a. Add a prefix or suffix to make new words:
1. known
2. lucky
Answer:
1. unknown
2. unlucky

OR

b. Make a meaningful sentence using any one of the following words:
1. known
2. lucky
Answer:
1. Satyendra Nath Bose was one of the known scientists of India.
2. Our school team was lucky to win the Kabaddi match at the last moment.

My English Coursebook 10th Digest Pdf Unit 2 

• You Start Dying Slowly … 10th English Solutions
• The Boy who Broke The Bank 10th English Solutions
• The Twins 10th English Solutions
• An Epitome of Courage 10th English Solutions
• Book Review – Swami and Friends 10th English Solutions
• World Heritage 10th English Solutions