Prasanna

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 3 Exogenetic Movements Part 1 Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 3 Exogenetic Movements Part 1

Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Exogenetic Movements Part 1 Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer in brief.
(a) What is mechanical weathering?
Answer:

1. The disintegration of rocks without any change in their chemical composition is called mechanical weathering.
2. The minerals in the rocks expand because of heat and contract when the temperature decreases. Due to such continuous contracting and expansion, tension develops in the rock particles.
3. Each mineral reacts differently to the temperature; some minerals expand more, while others do not expand as much. Consequently, the tension formed in the rocks also increases and decreases. As a result, cracks develop in the rocks and they break.
4. In areas where the temperatures drop below 0°C for quite some time, the water accumulated in the cracks and crevices in the rocks freezes. Its volume increases which leads to tension in the rocks and they shatter.
5. When the alkaline water of the sea fills in the cracks of the rocks, the soluble minerals in the rock get dissolved leading to the formation of small holes in the rocks.
6. Because of the heat, this water turns into water vapour and only crystals of alkaline materials remain in the rocks. Crystals occupy more space which causes tension in the rock.
7. Sometimes the outer layers of the rocks exert pressure on the inner or lower layers. When this pressure ceases to exist, the lower or inner layers get freed from the pressure. This also leads to weathering.
8. In areas of heavy rainfall soaking of rock water also causes weathering of some rocks like sandstone and conglomerate. When water penetrates such rocks, the particles get loose and separate from the main rock.

(b) What are the main types of chemical weathering?
Answer:
The process of decomposition of rocks due to changes in their chemical composition is called chemical weathering.
Its main types are:
(i) Carbonation

• When the rain water mixes with the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere it leads to the formation of dilute carbonic acid.
• Many rocks like limestone get easily dissolved in such acids.

(ii) Solution

• Some minerals in the rock get dissolved in water.
• Because of this solution, alkalis in the rock dissolve and make them brittle.

(iii) Oxidation

• This process occurs in rocks which have iron present in them. The iron in the rock comes in contact with water and a chemical reaction takes place between iron and oxygen.
• Hence, a reddish coloured layer forms on the rocks. This is called rust.
• It occurs in rocks in areas with high rainfall.

(c) How does biological weathering occur?
Answer:

• It is the process by which rocks are broken into small fragments and fine particles due to the action of plants, animals and human beings.
• The roots of the plants enter the points and ! cracks of the rocks in search of moisture.
• As the roots grow bigger, they create tension in the rocks and start breaking them.
• Animals such as mice, rabbits and rats dig I holes, anthills etc. and weaken the rock, which makes them loose and break into pieces.
• Besides these, algae, moss1, lichen2, other flora grow in the rocks. They also help in weathering.
• Thus, the weathering caused by living organisms is called biological weathering,

(d) Distinguish between weathering and mass wasting.
Answer:

Weathering	Mass Wasting
(i) Breaking or weakening of rocks is called as weathering.	(i) When weathered rock material moves down the slopes due to gravity and accumulate near the foothills or gentle slopes, it is mass wasting.
(ii) Weathering is of three types – Mechanical, Chemical and Biological.	(ii) Mass wasting is of two types – Rapid and Slow.

2. Write whether the statements are true or false. Correct the incorrect ones.

(a) Climate affects earthquakes.
Answer:
False – Internal movements affect (leads to) earthquakes.

(b) Mechanical weathering is less effective in humid climates.
Answer:
True

(c) Mechanical weathering happens on a large scale in dry climates.
Answer:
True

(d) The breaking down of rocks into smaller particles is called weathering.
Answer:
True

(e) Lateritic rocks are formed through exfoliation.
Answer:
False – Lateritic rocks are formed due to oxidation.

3. Complete the flowchart below.

Answer:

4. Identify the type of weathering from the given description.

(a) Some animals live inside the grounds by making burrows.
(b) The rock rusts.
(c) Water which has accumulated in the crevices of the rocks freezes. Consequently, the rock breaks.
(d) The pipes supplying water in colder regions break.
(e) Sand formation occurs in deserts
Answer:
(a) Biological weathering
(b) Chemical weathering
(c) Mechanical weathering
(d) Mechanical weathering
(e) Mechanical weathering

Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Exogenetic Movements Part 1 Intext Questions and Answers

Can You Tell?
(1) See the given pictures. Observe the physical appearance of the rocks in each picture. You can see that rocks are broken, fractured and have holes in them. In a picture you can also see that the statue has been deformed. Why are the rocks in such a condition? Think about them and briefly tell the reasons you can think of. Discuss the reasons. Check with the teachers if your reasons are relevant.
Answer:

• At some places the day temperatures are very high and the night temperatures are very low. In the given pictures the rocks may have broken due to temperature variation during day time and night time.
• In coastal areas when the sea waves hit the rocks, the rocks fracture and break down.
• Due to the roots of trees, and activities of burrowing animals like ant, rats etc. in the soft rocks, the rocks break down.
• The statues might be deformed due to heat and humidity.

Lets Recall

Question 1.
Have you seen the process of biological weathering3 around you?
Answer:
I have seen process of biological weathering3 around me. Many plants and trees have grown in an old dilapidated building which is located near my house. The roots of the trees have broken the walls and slabs of the building at many places.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Exogenetic Movements Part 1 Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the statements choosing the correct option from the bracket:

Question 1.
…………………… is formed due to chemical precipitation between water and alkalis.
(a) Limestone
(b) Sandstone
(c) Coal
(d) Iron
Answer:
(a) Limestone

Question 2.
…………………… process occurs in rocks which have iron present in them.
(a) Shattering
(b) Oxidation
(c) Carbonation
(d) Granular
Answer:
(b) Oxidation

Question 3.
Sometimes the weathered materials do not move downward but sink ‘in situ’. This is called ………………….. .
(a) carbonation
(b) exfoliation
(c) precipitation
(d) slumping
Answer:
(d) slumping

Question 4.
periglacial regions along the slopes, small layers of soil accumulate because of the movement of soil. This is called ………………….. .
(a) soil erosion
(b) solifluction
(c) shattering
(d) block disintegration
Answer:
(b) solifluction

Question 5.
Biological weathering occurs because of ………………….. .
(a) high temperatures
(b) frost
(c) crystal growth
(d) living organisms
Answer:
(d) living organisms

Question 6.
come minerals in the rock get dissolved in the water and undergo chemical weathering. This process is called ………………….. .
(a) solution
(b) carbonation
(c) exfoliation
(d) precipitation
Answer:
(a) solution

Question 7.
When dilute carbonic acids reacts with the minerals in the rocks the process is called as ………………….. .
(a) carbonation
(b) exfoliation
(c) precipitation
(d) slumping
Answer:
(a) carbonation

Question 8.
When the outer layers of the rock fall apart from the main rock due to difference in temperatures, the process is called ………………….. .
(a) shattering
(b) oxidation
(c) exfoliation
(d) carbonation
Answer:
(c) exfoliation

Question 9.
…………………… is a universal solvent¹.
(a) Soil
(b) Water
(c) Carbon
(d) Oxygen
Answer:
(b) Water

Question 10.
Alkalis in the rock dissolve because of the solution and make them ………………….. .
(a) even
(b) sturdy
(c) brittle
(d) crusty
Answer:
(c) brittle

Match the Column:

I.

(I) Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Mechanical weathering (2) Chemical weathering (3) Biological weathering	(a) burrowing (b) frost (c) carbonation (d) erosion

Answer:
(1-b),
(2- c),
(3 – a)

II.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Oxidation (2) Slumping (3) Solifluction	(a) Mass movement occurring slowly (b) Carbon dioxide gets mixed with air (c) Chemical reaction between iron and oxygen (d) Weathered material which sink in situ

Answer:
(1 – c),
(2 – d),
(3 – a)

Answer in one sentence each;

Question 1.
What are the Exogenetic processes?
Answer:
Exogenetic processes are external processes 1 that occur on or above the earth’s surface, E.g. weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition etc.

Question 2.
Explain the Process of weathering
Answer:
Breaking or weakening of rocks is called as weathering.

Question 3.
What is Mechanical Weathering?
Answer:
The disintegration of rocks without any change in their chemical composition is called mechanical weathering.

Question 4.
What is Chemical Weathering (Salt Weathering)?
Answer:
The process of decomposition of rocks due to changes in their chemical composition is called chemical weathering.

Question 5.
What do you mean by Biological Weathering?
Answer:
The weathering process caused by human beings, animals and plants is called biological weathering.

Question 6.
What is Slumping?
Answer:
Sometimes the weathered materials do not move downward but sink ‘in situ’ (where they ! are). This is called slumping. ;

Question 7.
What is Solifluction?
Answer:
In periglacial regions along the slopes, small layers of soil accumulate because of the movement of soil. This is called solifluction.

Question 8.
Explain Granular Weathering.
Answer:
When water penetrates in rocks like sandstones and conglomerates1, the particles get loose and separate from the main rock. This is called granular weathering.

Question 9.
What is Block Disintegration?
Answer:
When water accumulates in wide points and big blocks of rocks separate from each other, this is called block disintegration.

Question 10.
What is Exfoliation?
Answer:
When the outer layer of the racks fall apart from the main rock due to temperature, the process is called exfoliation.

Question 11.
What does the term ‘diurnal Range’ mean
Answer:
The difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature is diurnal Range.

Question 12.
What is Solution?
Answer:
The minerals in rocks which dissolve in water leads to the formation of solutions.

Question 13.
Name the two types of mass movements.
Answer:
The two types of mass movements are:
(a) Rapid Mass Movement and
(b) Show Mass movement.

Question 14.
What are the types of Mechanical weathering?
Answer:
The types of Mechanical weathering are
(a) Temperatures
(b) Frost
(c) Crystal growth
(d) Release of pressure and
(c) water

Question 15.
Types of chemical weathering.
Answer:
The types of chemical weathering are:
(a) Carbonation
(b) Solution and
(c) Oxidation

Question 16.
Where does Mechanical weathering occur?
Answer:
Mechanical weathering occurs mainly in the arid climates.

Question 17.
Chemical weathering can be seen in which climates?
Answer:
In humid conditions, one can see chemical weathering.

Write whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE. Correct the incorrect statements.

Question 1.
Soil creep is uncommon in areas with dry climates and gentle slopes.
Answer:
False – It is a common phenomenon in such areas.

Question 2.
Shattering is a type of mechanical weathering
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
Granular weathering occurs in areas of heavy rainfall.
Answer:
True.

Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Mechanical Weathering and Chemical Weathering.
Answer:

Mechanical Weathering	Chemical Weathering
(i) In this type of weathering, rocks get disintegrated but the chemical composition of the rocks does not change.	(i) It is a process where rocks get disintegrated and the chemical composition of the rocks change.
(ii) It is caused due to differences in the day and night temperature.	(ii) It is caused due to the reaction of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water with certain rock minerals.
(iii) It is more common in an extremely cold climates and hot dry desert climates.	(iii) It is more common in hot and humid climates.

Fill the map with the given information and make a legend.
(1) Area affected by a landslide (mudslide) in Maharashtra.
(2) Wadgaon Darya

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
Oxidation process occurs in heavy rainfall areas.
Answer:

• The oxidation process occurs in rocks which have iron present in them.
• The iron in the rock comes in contact with water and a chemical reaction takes place between iron and oxygen.
• A reddish coloured layer forms on the rocks.
• Thus, the oxidation process occurs in heavy rainfall areas.

Question 2.
Chemical weathering occurs in areas of heavy rainfall.
Answer:

• The rain water travels through the atmosphere before reaching the ground. Carbon dioxide in the air gets mixed in the water in this process.
• Dilute carbonic acid gets formed. Materials like limestone get easily dissolved in such acids leading to weathering of rocks.
• Some minerals in the rock gets dissolved in water. Limestone is formed due to chemical precipitation between water and alkalis.
  Similarly, because of the solution, alkalis in the rock dissolves and make them brittle.
• Oxidation process occurs in rocks which have iron present in them. The iron in the rock comes in contact with water and a chemical reaction takes place between iron and oxygen.
• Hence, a reddish coloured layer forms on the rocks. This is called rust.

Question 3.
Mechanical weathering3 takes place in the cold regions.
Answer:

• In the cold regions, the temperature drops below 0°C for a period of time.
• The water that has percolated through the cracks in the rocks freezes and turns into ice.
• Ice requires greater space than water. Tension is developed when the ice tries to acquire greater space.
• The continuous process of freezing and melting finally leads to the breaking of the rock mass.

Question 4.
Rapid mass movements occurs along the steep slopes.
Answer:

• A thick layer of weathered material forms on the steep slopes.
• When it rains in such areas, the rainwater penetrates the weathered materials and their weight increases.
• Due to this the weathered materials move very rapidly and come down the steep slopes.

Question 5.
Mechanical weathering is seen in areas where the diurnal range of temperature is high.
OR
Change in temperature leads to Mechanical weathering.
Answer:

• The minerals in the rocks expand because of heat and contract when the temperature decreases.
• Due to such continuous contracting and expanding, tension develops in the rock particles.
• Each mineral reacts differently to the temperature. Some minerals expand more, while others do not expand as much.
• Consequently, the tension formed in the rocks also increases and decreases. As a result, cracks develop in the rocks and they break.
• Thus in areas, where the diurnal range of temperature is higher, mechanical weathering is seen.

Question 6.
Water plays an important role in chemical weathering.
Answer:

• Rock is a mixture of many minerals.
• Since many things get dissolved easily in water, it is considered a universal solvent.
• The solubility1 of the solution increases because the matter gets dissolved in water.
• Water speeds up the process of carbonation, solution and oxidation. These processes lead to the weathering of rocks.
• Thus water plays an important role in chemical weathering.

Question 7.
Frost leads to mechanical weathering.
Answer:

• In areas where the temperatures drop below 0°C for quite some time, the water accumulated in the cracks and crevices in the rocks freezes.
• The volume of water increases on freezing.
• This leads to tension in the rocks and they shatter.
• In this way frost leads to mechanical weathering.

Answer in brief:

Question 1.
What is a mass movement? What are the types of mass movements?
Answer:
The weathered rock materials move along the slopes due to gravity and accumulate near the foothills or the gentler slopes. When the weathered particles move down due to gravity alone, the process is called mass movements.

Types of Mass movements:
(i) Rapid mass movements:

• A thick layer of weathered material forms on the slope. When it rains in such areas, the rain water penetrates the weathered materials and their weight increases.
• The weathered materials move very rapidly and come down the slope.
• Sometimes the weathered materials sink in situ. (Where they are)
• Rockfalls, landslides, land subsidence are ; termed as rapid mass movements.

(ii) Slower mass movements:

• Soil creep is the most common phenomenon in areas with dry climate and gentler slopes.
• In periglacial regions along the soil. This is called as solifluction.

Question 2.
How does external processes occur?
Answer:

• External processes occur because of the forces working on the earth’s surface.
• They are mainly solar energy, gravitational force and kinetic energy associated with the moving objects on the earth’s surface.

Question 3.
What is exfoliation?
Answer:

• In regions of high temperatures, the exposed part of the rock heats more while the inner part is comparatively cooler.
• As a result, the outer layers of the rocks fall apart from the main rock.
• This is called the exfoliation of the rock.

Question 4.
Explain the process of oxidation.
Answer:

• The oxidation process occurs in rocks which have iron present in them.
• The iron in the rock comes in contact with water and a chemical reaction takes place between iron and oxygen.
• Hence, a reddish coloured layer forms on the rocks. This is called rust.

Explain:

Question 1.
Block Disintegration
Answer:

• Sometimes both temperature and water are responsible for weathering.
• The difference in temperature cause contraction and expansion of minerals in the rocks. This leads to widening theoints or cracks in the rocks.
• Water accumulates in such wideouts and big blocks of rocks separate from each other.
• This is called Block Disintegration.

Question 2.
Carbonation
Answer:

• Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering.
• The rainwater travels through the atmosphere before reaching the ground.
• Carbon dioxide in the air gets mixed in the water in this process and dilute carbonic acid gets formed.
• For e.g Water + Carbon Dioxide = Carbonic Acid (H₂O +CO₂ = H₂CO₃)
• Materials like limestone get easily dissolved in such acids.

Question 3.
Solution
Answer:

• Some minerals in the rock get dissolved in water.
• Limestone is formed due to chemical precipitation between water and alkalis.
• At Wadgaon Darya in Ahmadnagar district, limestone gets precipitated chemically i.e. undergoes chemical weathering again.
• Similarly, because of solution, alkalis in the rock dissolve and make them brittle.

Question 4.
Make a record of few landslides that have occured in India and write about them briefly.
Answer:
Landslide is a rapid mass movement which is caused majorly due to heavy rains, floods, earthquakes etc. The following are some fatal landsides in India.

1. Guwahati landslide, Assam:- The landslide took place in the year 1948 due to heavy rains & over 500 people died in this landslide.
2. Darjeeling landslide, West Negal:- This landslide happened in the year of 1968. It was triggered by floods and thousands of people died due to this landslide.
3. Malpa landslide, Uttarkhand:- Consecutive landslides occured in August 1998 in village of Mapla due to which 380 people died as an entire village was destroyed in the landslide.
4. Kedarnath landslide, Uttarakhand:- This landslide took place onune 16, 2013 & was the result of Uttar Khand floods. Over 5700 people were reported dead and over 4200 villages were affected by floods and post-flood landslide.
5. Malin landslide, Maharashtra:- This landslide occured onuly 30, 2014, in a village in Malin. The landslide occured due to heavy rainfall and around 151 people died and 100 people went missing after the disaster.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Maths Solutions covers the Problem Set 5 Geometry 10th Class Maths Part 2 Answers Solutions Chapter 5 Co-ordinate Geometry.

Problem Set 5 Geometry 10th Std Maths Part 2 Answers Chapter 5 Co-ordinate Geometry

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks using correct alternatives.

i. Seg AB is parallel to Y-axis and co-ordinates of point A are (1, 3), then co-ordinates of point B can be _______.
(A) (3,1)
(B) (5,3)
(C) (3,0)
(D) (1,-3)
Answer: (D)
Since, seg AB || Y-axis.
∴ x co-ordinate of all points on seg AB
will be the same,
x co-ordinate of A (1, 3) = 1
x co-ordinate of B (1, – 3) = 1
∴ Option (D) is correct.

ii. Out of the following, point lies to the right of the origin on X-axis.
(A) (-2,0)
(B) (0,2)
(C) (2,3)
(D) (2,0)
Answer: (D)

iii. Distance of point (-3, 4) from the origin is _________.
(A) 7
(B) 1
(C) 5
(D) -5
Answer: (C)
Distance of (-3, 4) from origin
\(\begin{array}{l}{=\sqrt{(-3)^{2}+(4)^{2}}} \\ {=\sqrt{9+16}} \\ {=\sqrt{25}=5}\end{array}\)

iv. A line makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of X-axis. So the slope of the line is ________.
(A) \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
(B) \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
(C) \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
(D) \(\sqrt { 3 }\)
Answer: (C)

Question 2.
Determine whether the given points are collinear.
i. A (0, 2), B (1, -0.5), C (2, -3)
ii. P(1,2), Q(2,\(\frac { 8 }{ 5 } \)),R(3,\(\frac { 6 }{ 5 } \))
iii L (1, 2), M (5, 3), N (8, 6)
Solution:

∴ slope of line AB = slope of line BC
∴ line AB || line BC
Also, point B is common to both the lines.
∴ Both lines are the same.
∴ Points A, B and C are collinear.

∴ slope of line PQ = slope of line QR
∴ line PQ || line QR
Also, point Q is common to both the lines.
∴ Both lines are the same.
∴ Points P, Q and R are collinear.

∴ slope of line LM ≠ slope of line MN
∴ Points L, M and N are not collinear.
[Note: Students can solve the above problems by using distance formula.]

Question 3.
Find the co-ordinates of the midpoint of the line segment joining P (0,6) and Q (12,20).
Solution:
P(x₁,y₁) = P (0, 6), Q(x₂, y₂) = Q (12, 20)
Here, x₁ = 0, y₁ = 6, x₂ = 12, y₂ = 20
∴ Co-ordinates of the midpoint of seg PQ

∴ The co-ordinates of the midpoint of seg PQ are (6,13).

Question 4.
Find the ratio in which the line segment joining the points A (3, 8) and B (-9, 3) is divided by the Y-axis.
Solution:
Let C be a point on Y-axis which divides seg AB in the ratio m : n.
Point C lies on the Y-axis
∴ its x co-ordinate is 0.
Let C = (0, y)
Here A (x₁,y₁) = A(3, 8)
B (x₂, y₂) = B (-9, 3)
∴ By section formula,


∴ Y-axis divides the seg AB in the ratio 1 : 3.

Question 5.
Find the point on X-axis which is equidistant from P (2, -5) and Q (-2,9).
Solution:
Let point R be on the X-axis which is equidistant from points P and Q.
Point R lies on X-axis.
∴ its y co-ordinate is 0.
Let R = (x, 0)
R is equidistant from points P and Q.
∴ PR = QR

∴ (x – 2)² + [0 – (-5)]² = [x – (- 2)]² + (0 – 9)² …[Squaring both sides]
∴ (x – 2)² + (5)² = (x + 2)² + (-9)²
∴ 4 – 4x + x² + 25 = 4 + 4x + x² + 81
∴ – 8x = 56
∴ x = -7
∴ The point on X-axis which is equidistant from points P and Q is (-7,0).

Question 6.
Find the distances between the following points.
i. A (a, 0), B (0, a)
ii. P (-6, -3), Q (-1, 9)
iii. R (-3a, a), S (a, -2a)
Solution:
i. Let A (x₁, y₁) and B (x₂, y₂) be the given points.
∴ x₁ = a, y₁ = 0, x₂ = 0, y₂ = a
By distance formula,

∴ d(A, B) = a\(\sqrt { 2 }\) units

ii. Let P (x₁, y₁) and Q (x₂, y₂) be the given points.
∴ x₁ = -6, y₁ = -3, x₂ = -1, y₂ = 9
By distance formula,

∴ d(P, Q) = 13 units

iii. Let R (x₁, y₁) and S (x₂, y₂) be the given points.
∴ x₁ = -3a, y₁ = a, x₂ = a, y₂ = -2a
By distance formula,

∴ d(R, S) = 5a units

Question 7.
Find the co-ordinates of the circumcentre of a triangle whose vertices are (-3,1), (0, -2) and (1,3).
Solution:
Let A (-3, 1), B (0, -2) and C (1, 3) be the vertices of the triangle.
Suppose O (h, k) is the circumcentre of ∆ABC.

∴ (h + 3)² + (k – 1)² = h² + (k + 2)²
∴ h² + 6h + 9 + k² – 2k + 1 = h² + k² + 4k + 4
∴ 6h – 2k + 10 = 4k + 4
∴ 6h – 2k – 4k = 4 – 10
∴ 6h – 6k = – 6
∴ h – k = -1 ,..(i)[Dividing both sides by 6]
OB = OC …[Radii of the same circle]

∴ h² + (k + 2)² = (h – 1)² + (k – 3)²
∴ h² + k² + 4k + 4 = h² – 2h + 1 + k² – 6k + 9
∴ 4k + 4 = -2h + 1 – 6k + 9
∴ 2h+ 10k = 6
∴ h + 5k = 3 …(ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get

∴ The co-ordinates of the circumcentre of the triangle are (\(\frac { -1 }{ 3 } \),\(\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \))

Question 8.
In the following examples, can the segment joining the given points form a triangle? If triangle is formed, state the type of the triangle considering sides of the triangle.
i. L (6, 4), M (-5, -3), N (-6, 8)
ii. P (-2, -6), Q (-4, -2), R (-5, 0)
iii. A(\(\sqrt { 2 }\),\(\sqrt { 2 }\)),B(-\(\sqrt { 2 }\),-\(\sqrt { 2 }\)),C(\(\sqrt { 6 }\),\(\sqrt { 6 }\))
Solution:
i. By distance formula,

∴ d(M, N) + d (L, N) > d (L, M)
∴ Points L, M, N are non collinear points.
We can construct a triangle through 3 non collinear points.
∴ The segment joining the given points form a triangle.
Since MN ≠ LN ≠ LM
∴ ∆LMN is a scalene triangle.
∴ The segments joining the points L, M and N will form a scalene triangle.

ii. By distance formula,


∴ d(P, Q) + d(Q, R) = d (P, R) …[From (iii)]
∴ Points P, Q, R are collinear points.
We cannot construct a triangle through 3 collinear points.
∴ The segments joining the points P, Q and R will not form a triangle.

iii. By distance formula,

∴ d(A, B) + d(B, C) + d(A, C) … [From (iii)]
∴ Points A, B, C are non collinear points.
We can construct a triangle through 3 non collinear points.
∴ The segment joining the given points form a triangle.
Since, AB = BC = AC
∴ ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle.
∴ The segments joining the points A, B and C will form an equilateral triangle.

Question 9.
Find k, if the line passing through points P (-12, -3) and Q (4, k) has slope \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \).
Solution:
P(x₁,y₁) = P(-12,-3),
Q(X₂,T₂) = Q(4, k)
Here, x₁ = -12, x₂ = 4, y₁ = -3, y₂ = k

But, slope of line PQ (m) is \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) ….[Given]
∴ \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { k+3 }{ 16 } \)
∴ \(\frac { 16 }{ 2 } \) = k + 3
∴ 8 = k + 3
∴ k = 5
The value of k is 5.

Question 10.
Show that the line joining the points A (4,8) and B (5, 5) is parallel to the line joining the points C (2, 4) and D (1 ,7).
Proof:

∴ Slope of line AB = Slope of line CD
Parallel lines have equal slope.
∴ line AB || line CD

Question 11.
Show that points P (1, -2), Q (5, 2), R (3, -1), S (-1, -5) are the vertices of a parallelogram.
Proof:
By distance formula,

In ꠸PQRS,
PQ = RS … [From (i) and (iii)]
QR = PS … [From (ii) and (iv)]
∴ ꠸ PQRS is a parallelogram.
[A quadrilateral is a parallelogram, if both the pairs of its opposite sides are congruent]
∴ Points P, Q, R and S are the vertices of a parallelogram.

Question 12.
Show that the ꠸PQRS formed by P (2, 1), Q (-1, 3), R (-5, -3) and S (-2, -5) is a rectangle.
Proof:
By distance formula,


In ꠸PQRS,
PQ = RS …[From (i) and (iii)]
QR = PS …[From (ii) and (iv)]
꠸PQRS is a parallelogram.
[A quadrilateral is a parallelogram, if both the pairs of its opposite sides are congruent]

In parallelogram PQRS,
PR = QS … [From (v) and (vi)]
∴ ꠸PQRS is a rectangle.
[A parallelogram is a rectangle if its diagonals are equal]

Question 13.
Find the lengths of the medians of a triangle whose vertices are A (-1, 1), B (5, -3) and C (3,5).
Solution:

Suppose AD, BE and CF are the medians.
∴ Points D, E and F are the midpoints of sides BC, AC and AB respectively.
∴ By midpoint formula,


∴ The lengths of the medians of the triangle 5 units, 2\(\sqrt { 13 }\) units and \(\sqrt { 37 }\) units.

Question 14.
Find the co-ordinates of centroid of the triangle if points D (-7, 6), E (8, 5) and F (2, -2) are the mid points of the sides of that triangle.
Solution:

Suppose A (x₁, y₁), B (x₂, y₂) and C (x₃, y₃) are the vertices of the triangle.
D (-7, 6), E (8, 5) and F (2, -2) are the midpoints of sides BC, AC and AB respectively.
Let G be the centroid of ∆ABC.
D is the midpoint of seg BC.
By midpoint formula,

E is the midpoint of seg AC.
By midpoint formula,

Adding (i), (iii) and (v),
x₂ + x₃ + x₁ + x₃ + x₁ + x₂ = -14 + 16 + 4
∴ 2x₁ + 2x₂ + 2x₃ = 6
∴ x₁ + x₂ + x₃ = 3 …(vii)
Adding (ii), (iv) and (vi),
y₂ + y₃ + y₁ + y₃ + y₁ +y₂ = 12 + 10 – 4
∴ 2y₁ + 2y₂ + 2y₃ = 18
∴ y₁ + y₂ + y₃ = 9 …(viii)
G is the centroid of ∆ABC.
By centroid formula,

∴ The co-ordinates of the centroid of the triangle are (1,3).

Question 15.
Show that A (4, -1), B (6, 0), C (7, -2) and D (5, -3) are vertices of a square.
Proof:
By distance formula,


∴ □ABCD is a square.
[A rhombus is a square if its diagonals are equal]

Question 16.
Find the co-ordinates of circumcentre and radius of circumcircle of AABC if A (7, 1), B (3,5) and C (2,0) are given.
Solution:
Suppose, O (h, k) is the circumcentre of ∆ABC


∴ h² – 6h + 9 + k² – 10k + 25 = h² – 4h + 4 + k²
∴ 2h + 10k = 30
∴ h + 5k = 15 … (ii)[Dividing both sides by 2]
Multiplying equation (i) by 5, we get
25h + 5k = 115 …(iii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (iii), we get

Substituting the value of h in equation (i), we get

∴ The co-ordinates of the circumcentre of the triangle are (\(\frac { 25 }{ 6 } \),\(\frac { 13 }{ 6 } \)) and radius of circumcircle is \(\frac{13 \sqrt{2}}{6}\) units.

Question 17.
Given A (4, -3), B (8, 5). Find the co-ordinates of the point that divides segment AB in the ratio 3:1.
Solution:
Suppose point C divides seg AB in the ratio 3:1.
Here; A(x₁, y₁) = A (4, -3)
B (x₂, y₂) = B (8, 5)
By section formula,

∴ The co-ordinates of point dividing seg AB in ratio 3 : 1 are (7, 3).

Question 18.
Find the type of the quadrilateral if points A (-4, -2), B (-3, -7), C (3, -2) and D (2, 3) are joined serially.
Solution:

Slope of AB = slope of CD
∴ line AB || line CD
slope of BC = slope of AD
∴ line BC || line AD
Both the pairs of opposite sides of ∆ABCD are parallel.
∴ ꠸ ABCD is a parallelogram.
∴ The quadrilateral formed by joining the points A, B, C and D is a parallelogram.

Question 19.
The line segment AB is divided into five congruent parts at P, Q, R and S such that A-P-Q-R-S-B. If point Q (12, 14) and S (4, 18) are given, find the co-ordinates of A, P, R, B.
Solution:

Points P, Q, R and S divide seg AB in five congruent parts.
Let A (x₁, y₁), B (x₂, y₂), P (x₃, y₃) and
R (x₄, y₄) be the given points.
Point R is the midpoint of seg QS.
By midpoint formula,
x co-ordinate of R = \(\frac { 12+4 }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 16 }{ 2 } \) = 8
y co-ordinate of R = \(\frac { 14+18 }{ 2 } \) = \(\frac { 32 }{ 2 } \) = 16
∴ co-ordinates of R are (8, 16).
Point Q is the midpoint of seg PR.
By midpoint formula,

∴ 28 = y₃ + 16
∴ y₃ = 12
∴ P(x₃,y₃) = (16, 12)
∴ co-ordinates of P are (16, 12).
Point P is the midpoint of seg AQ.
By midpoint formula,

∴ co-ordinates of A are (20, 10).
Point S is the midpoint of seg RB.
By midpoint formula,

∴ 36 = y₂ + 16
∴ y₂ = 20
∴ B(x₂, y₂) = (0, 20)
∴ co-ordinates of B are (0, 20).
∴ The co-ordinates of points A, P, R and B are (20, 10), (16, 12), (8, 16) and (0, 20) respectively.

Question 20.
Find the co-ordinates of the centre of the circle passing through the points P (6, -6), Q (3, -7) and R (3,3).
Solution:
Suppose O (h, k) is the centre of the circle passing through the points P, Q and R.

∴ (h – 6)² + (k + 6)² = (h – 3)² + (k + 7)²
∴ h² – 12h + 36 + k² + 12k + 36
= h² – 6h + 9 + k² + 14k + 49
∴ 6h + 2k = 14
∴ 3h + k = 7 …(i)[Dividing both sides by 2]
OP = OR …[Radii of the same circle]

∴ (h – 6)² + (k + 6)² = (h – 3)² + (k – 3)²
∴ h² – 12h + 36 + k² + 12k + 36
= h² – 6h + 9 + k² – 6k + 9
∴ 6h – 18k = 54
∴ 3h – 9k = 27 …(ii)[Dividing both sides by 2]
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get

Substituting the value of k in equation (i), we get
3h – 2 = 7
∴ 3h = 9
∴ h = \(\frac { 9 }{ 3 } \) = 3
∴ The co-ordinates of the centre of the circle are (3, -2).

Question 21.
Find the possible pairs of co-ordinates of the fourth vertex D of the parallelogram, if three of its vertices are A (5, 6), B (1, -2) and C (3, -2).
Solution:

Let the points A (5, 6), B (1, -2) and C (3, -2) be the three vertices of a parallelogram.
The fourth vertex can be point D or point Di or point D₂ as shown in the figure.
Let D(x₁,y₁), D, (x₂, y₂) and D₂ (x₃,y₃).
Consider the parallelogram ACBD.
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
∴ midpoint of DC = midpoint of AB


Co-ordinates of point D(x₁, y₁) are (3, 6).
Consider the parallelogram ABD₁C.
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
∴ midpoint of AD₁ = midpoint of BC

∴ Co-ordinates of D₁(x₂,y₂) are (-1,-10).
Consider the parallelogram ABCD₂.
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
∴ midpoint of BD₂ = midpoint of AC

∴ co-ordinates of point D₂ (x₃, y₃) are (7, 6).
∴ The possible pairs of co-ordinates of the fourth vertex D of the parallelogram are (3, 6), (-1,-10) and (7,6).

Question 22.
Find the slope of the diagonals of a quadrilateral with vertices A (1, 7), B (6,3), C (0, -3) and D (-3,3).
Solution:
Suppose ABCD is the given quadrilateral.

∴ The slopes of the diagonals of the quadrilateral are 10 and 0.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 1.5 Joan of Arc Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 1.5 Joan of Arc

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 1.5 Warming Up

Question 1.
Discuss in groups/pairs and make a list of the weapons used in the old times and in the present times.

Weapons used in the past	Weapons used nowadays

Answer:

Weapons used in the past	Weapons used nowadays
stones, bow and arrows, spears, swords, lances, catapults, axes, daggers, cutlasses, etc.	missiles, hand grenades, bombs, machine guns, tanks, nuclear weapons, etc.

Question 2.
Imagine that you are the captain of your school Kabaddi team. Your final match is against a very strong team. Your team members are sure that you will lose. How will you boost their morale? Work in groups and prepare a short list of what can encourage the team.
Answer:
(Some points: pointing out your team’s strong points—the opponent’s weak points—the hard practice you have put in—the various occasions where underdogs have won unexpectedly, etc.)

Question 3.
Adding different prepositions to the same action verb changes the meaning of the phrases, thus formed.
For example,
call out – announce
call at – visit
call for – summon
call up – make a telephonic call
call off – cancel

Guess the difference in meanings of the underlined phrases.
(1) (a) He promised to look into the matter …………………….. .
(b) He asked me to look for his lost book …………………….. .
(c) I shall look forward to your arrival …………………….. .
Answer:
(a) He promised to look investigate into the matter.
(b) He asked me to look search for his lost book.
(C) I shall look forward await eagerly to your arrival

(2) (a) An epidemic of cholera broke out in the village …………………….. .
(b) The thieves broke into the locked house …………………….. .
(c) They broke up their friendship …………………….. .
Answer:
(a) An epidemic of started sudden’y cholera broke out in
(b) The thieves broke entered illegally a Into the locked house. forcibly
(c) They broke up their ended friendship.

(3) (a) You must carry out your duty faithfully …………………….. .
(b) Please carry on with your work …………………….. .
(c) They carried off the trophy in the football matches …………………….. .
(d) Carry forward the remaining balance to the next page …………………….. .
Answer:
(a) You must carry out complete: execute your duty faithfully.
(b) Please carry on with continue tork
(c) They carried off the won trophy in the football matches.
(d) You may carry forward to transfer the remaining balance to the next page.

Phrasal verbs : A phrasal verb is a verb that is made up of a main verb together with an adverb or preposition or both.

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Unit 1.5 Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the extract from G. B. Shaw’s play on Joan of Arc and fill in the Tree diagram.
Joan of Arc

Answer:

Question 2.
(A) Pick out from the extract of the play two lines that provide evidence for each of the following.
Joan of Arc
(a) Her confidence
(1) …………………….
(2) …………………….
Answer:
(1) The Dauphin will give me all I need to free Orleans.
(2) I will teach them all to fight for France.

(b) Her courage
(1) …………………….
(2) …………………….
Answer:
(1) She really doesn’t seem to be afraid of anything.
(2) The Squire’s glare neither frightens her nor stops her.

(c) Her optimism
(1) …………………….
(2) …………………….
Answer:
(1) If she can put some fight into him, she can put it into anybody.
(2) I don’t think it can be very difficult if God is on your side.

(d) Her determination
(1) …………………….
(2) …………………….
Answer:
(1) I have arranged it all. You have only to give the order.
(2) Yqu said that you would not see me. But here I am.

(e) Her patriotism
(1) …………………….
(2) …………………….
Answer:
(1) I will teach them all to fight for France.
(2) You and Polly will live to see the day when there will not be a single English soldier on the soil of France.

(B) Using the above points, frame a character-sketch of Joan of Arc, in your own words and write it in your notebook. Suggest an attractive title for the same.
Answer:
The Heroine of France-Joan of Arc Joan, a well-built, strong country girl of 17 to 18 years, _is brave and courageous and unafraid of anything. She is confident and asks directly for whatever she wants and is sure of getting It. She is optimistic and feels that if God is on one’s side, one can do anything. She is determined to go to Orleans and motivate the Dauphin to fight the English and save OrleAnswer: Squire Robert and the others feel that if anyone can put some fight into the Dauphin, It is Joan. She ¡s extremely patriotic and confidently says that she will motivate the French soldiers to fight, and soon there will not be a single English soldier left on the soil of France.

Question 3.
From the extract, find what the following are compared to and why:
(a) as easy as …………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
as easy as chasing a cow out of the meadow. This comparison is made because Joan was a country girl and had probably chased many cows out of the meadows. Besides, cows are docile creatures and can be driven away very easily.

(b) as mad as …………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
as mad as Joan, for Joan was planning to go to the Dauphin, who was frightened, and motivate him to fight for Orleans.

(c) The Dauphin in Chinon is like …………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
The Dauphin in Chinon Is like a rat In a corner, for just like a cornered rat gives up, he too had given up and refused to fight to save Orleans.

(d) The (enemy) soldiers will be driven away like …………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
The enemy soldiers will be driven away like sheep. This comparison is made because sheep, always move in flocks and their herd mentality forces them to free if the leading ones flee.

(e) Joan of Arc is a bit of …………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Joan of Arc is a bit of a miracle because she is courageous, confident and determined enough to go to the Dauphin and motivate him to fight for Orleans, when everybody else had given up.

Question 4.
Say WHY? Write it in your notebook.
(a) Joan wanted to meet Captain Squire.
(b) Joan did not ask for many soldiers from the Captain Squire.
(c) Poulengey, Jack and Dick had offered to accompany Joan.
(d) French soldiers were always beaten in war.
(e) Captain Squire Robert said, “I wash my hands off it.”
Answer:
(a) Joan wanted Captain Squire to give her a ’ horse, an armour and some soldiers and send her to meet the Dauphin. That was the reason she wanted to meet him.

(b) Joan did not ask for many soldiers from the Captain Squire because the Dauphin would give her all that she needed.

(c) Poulengey, Jack and Dick felt there was something about Joan, and that she was a bit of a miracle. Her words had put fire into them. They also felt that it was their last chance of saving OrleansHence they offered to accompany her.

(d) The French soldiers were always trying to save their lives, and would run away from the battlefield. Hence they were always beaten in war.

(e) Captain Robert Squire was uncertain about allowing Joan to go to the Dauphth. He could not believe that Joan would be successful In her mission. Even then, he could not withstand her determination and confidence; he also felt that this was the last chance of saving Orleans, and that there was something special about Joan. However, he did not want to be held responsible for anything; hence he said “I wash my hands of it.”

Question 5.
Using a dictionary, find the difference between the following pairs of phrases. Make sentences of your own with each of them.

Phrases	Meaning	Own Sentences
1. cut in cut out	………………………………………… …………………………………………	………………………………………… …………………………………………
2. be held by be held up	………………………………………… …………………………………………	………………………………………… …………………………………………
3. run away run for	………………………………………… …………………………………………	………………………………………… …………………………………………
4. be known as be known for	………………………………………… …………………………………………	………………………………………… …………………………………………
5. go with go after	………………………………………… …………………………………………	………………………………………… …………………………………………
6. put fire into put fire out	………………………………………… …………………………………………	………………………………………… …………………………………………

Answer:

Phrases	Meaning	Own Sentences
1. (a) cut in (b) cut out	(a) interrupt (b) reduce or stop something	(a) The teacher asked Rohan not to cut in when she was teaching. (b) Planting a line of trees along the road will cut out the noise from vehicles.
2. (a) be held by (b) be held up	(a) before (b) delayed	(a) The mayor wanted the elections to be held by the end of the month. (b) The marriage party was held up in the traffic jam.
3. (a) run away (b) run for	(a) escape; go off (b) to compete in an election	(a) The kind king allowed the captured deer to run away. (b) The film star wanted to run for the post of Mayor.
4. (a) be known as (b) be known for	(a) to be called as (b) to be famous for	(a) The new boss wanted to be known as a good and kind person. (b) Nagpur is known for its oranges.
5. (a) go with (b) go after	(a) suit each other (b) pursue; follow	(a) Don’t you think these shoes go with this dress? (b) You will never be happy if you go after money all the time.
6. (a) put fire into. (b) put fire out	(a) inspire, motivate (b) extinguish	(a) The Chief Guest’s words put fire into the young students. (b) Seeing trouble brewing, the minister advised his team to put the fire out before it spread everywhere.

Question 6.
From an Indian History Book or Internet find out information about Indian Women (queens) who led battles. (For example, Rani of Jhansi and Rani Karnawati of Mewad). Write 3 points of similarity and 3 points of contrast between any one of the above Indian Queens and Joan of Arc. Write in your own words.

Similarities Contrast
(a) …………………… (i) ……………………
(b) …………………… (ii) ……………………
(c) …………………… (iii) ……………………

Question 7.
Read the script from :
Joan (Girl) : Good morning, Captain
Squire …………………… up to
Joan : (simply) ……………………
Polly and Jack have promised to come with me.

Write a summary of that part of the script (in the indirect speech) in 15 to 20 lines. Do it in your notebook.
Answer:
Joan asked the Squire to give her a horse, an armour and some soldiers, and send her to the Dauphin. On hearing this, Robert angrily asked the steward why he had not told him that she was mad.

The steward told Robert to give Joan what she wanted. Robert then told Joan that he would send her back to her father with orders to lock her up. Joan replied that it wouldn’t happen that way; Robert had not wanted to see her, yet she had managed to see him.

Joan then asked him for a horse which would cost 16 francs. It was a big amount of money, but she would save It on the armour, as she did not need a beautiful, fitting armour. A soldier’s armour would do. She said that she would not want many soldiers, for the Dauphin would give her what she needed to free Orleans. Three men would be enough for him to send with her. She adds that Polly and Jack had promised to go with her.

Question 8.
(A) Make the following sentences Affirmative without change of meaning.
(a) Negative : I am not so sure, now.
Affirmative : …………………………………………
(b) Negative : He will not be able to stop them.
Affirmative : …………………………………………
(c) Negative : I don’t remember.
Affirmative : …………………………………………
(d) Negative : I can do no more.
Affirmative : …………………………………………
(e) Negative : Sir, do not anger her.
Affirmative : …………………………………………
(f) Negative : I shall not want many soldiers.
Affirmative : …………………………………………
Answer:
(a) I am a bit doubtful, now.
(b) He will be unable to stop them.
(c) I fail to remember.
(d) I can do only this much.
(e) Sir, please refrain from angering her.
(f) I shall want only a few soldiers.

(B) Fill in the gaps in the table.
Word-Forms

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb
1. success	succeed	successful	successfully
2. ……………………..	inspire	……………….	……………….
3. ……………………..	……………….	safe	……………….
4. ……………………..	harm	……………….	……………….
5. thought	……………….	……………….	……………….
6. ……………………..	……………….	……………….	brightly
7. courage	……………….	……………….	……………….
8. ……………………..	……………….	……………….	hastily

Answer:

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb
1. success	succeed	successful	successfully
2. inspiration	inspire	inspirational	—
3. safety	—	safe	safely
4. harm	harm	harmful/harmless	harmfully/harmlessly
5.’thought	think	thoughtful/thoughtless	thoughtfully/thoughtlessly
6. brightness	brighten	bright	brightly
7. courage	encourage	courageous	courageously
8. haste	hasten	hasty	hastily

Question 9.
Fill in the blanks with the correct alternatives: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(1) The steward is called a ‘blockhead’ by the squire. (Robert/steward)
(2) The squire’s name is Robert. (Robert/Dauphin)
(3) The price of a horse is sixteen francs. (17 to 18 francs / sixteen francs)
(4) The Dauphin will give the girl whatever she needs to free Orleans: (Dauphin/Squire)

Question 10.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(1) The Hundred Years War was fought between 1337 and 1453.
(2) All of northern France and some parts of the south-west were under foreign control.

Question 11.
Classify the following words into adjectives and nouns and complete the table given below:
armed, courage, brave, armour, orders, well-built, squire, strong, amount, beautiful, Orleans
Answer:
Adjectives – Nouns
armed, brave, well-built, courage, armour, orders, strong, beautiful sqtiire, amount, Orleans

Question 12.
Write the verb forms of the following words:
(1) strong
(2) mad
(3) beautiful
(4) afraid
Answer:
(1) strengthen
(2) madden
(3) beautify
(4) fear

Question 13.
You have fifty armed soldiers and dozens of strong servants to carry out my orders.
Answer:
You have fifty armed soldiers as well as dozens of strong servants to carry out my orders.

Question 14.
You are to give me a horse and armour and some soldiers.
Answer:
You are to give me a horse and armour as well as some soldiers.

Question 15.
What, according to you, is the steward’s opinion about Joan?
Answer:
The steward has a high opinion of Joan. He feels that she isn’t afraid of anything, and she puts courage in others. He feels that she should not be angered and be given what she wants.

Question 16.
Write if the following statements are True or False: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(1) Joan is angry when Robert tells her to get out. False
(2) Joan feels that Squire Jack is kind. True
(3) The steward’s name is Bertrand de Poulengey. False
(4) Robert thinks that the girl’s idea is crazy. True

Question 17.
Name the persons needed by Joan to free Orleans:
Answer:
Joan needed the following persons to free Orleans Bertrand de Poulengey, Squire Jack, John Godsave, Dick the Archer, and their servants John of Honecourt and Julian.

Question 18.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(1) The squire wants the steward to go with Joan, stay within call and keep an eye on her.
(2) Joan’s aim was to meet the Dauphin and free Orleans.

Question 19.
Pick out four adverbs of manner from the passage.
Answer:
simply, willingly, eagerly, brightly (hastily, seriously). ,

Question 20.
Pick out the antonyms of the following words from the passage:
(1) exit
(2) request
(3) advance
(4) slowly
Answer:
(1) exit x enter
(2) request x order
(3) advance x retreat
(4) slowly x hastily

Question 21.
Polly and Jack have promised to come with me. (Rewrite using ‘that’.)
Answer:
Polly and Jack have promised that they will come with me.

Question 22.
You have only to give the order. (Rewrite using ‘nothing’.)
Answer:
You have to do nothing but give the order.

Question 23.
‘I have arranged it all’. What does this statement tell you about Joan?
Answer:
It tells us that Joan had good leadership qualities. She had the ability to inspire others and make them do as she wished. She was also a good organiser.

Question 24.
What/Whom do the underlined pronouns stand for?
Answer:
(1) Her words have put fire into me. Poultney
(2) I feel sure enough to take her to Chinon. Joan
(3) He beat the English at Montargis. Dauphin
(4) ! feel like a fool. Robert

Question 25.
Complete the following: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(1) The Squire’s opinion of miracles was that though they were airight, they did not happen in their time.
(2) Robert accused Poulengey of being as mad as Joan.

Question 26.
The Dauphin was not fit to be the king and heir.
Answer:
The Dauphin was not fit to be the king and heir because he was a coward and retreated to Chinon and spent time there like a rat in a corner. He was not able to motivate his men or stop the English from taking Orleans’

Question 27.
Make sentences of your own using the words/ expressions given below:
(1) cowed
(2) obstinately
(3) worth hying
(4) out of your mind
Answer:
(1) We should not be cowed when we are threatened by bullies.
(2) The little girl obstinately refused to answer the teacher.
(3) “Your idea will keep the neighbourhood clean. It is worth trying,” said the minister.
(4) “You are out of your mind,” I told my friend when she wanted to save the stray dog.

Question 28.
I tell you nothing cai save our side now but a miracle. (Rewrite using ‘only’.)
Answer:
I tell you only a rriracle can save our side now:

Question 29.
After talking to Poulengey what change do you notice In Robert?
Answer:
Robert was initially unwilling even to listen to Joan.. But after talking to Poulengey, he agreed that it was their last chance of trying to free Qrleans and there was no other hope for them. Poulengey’s certainty about Joan made him waver and change his mind and give her a chance.

Question 30.
Pick out the statements that are True:
(1) Joan was unsure about her ideas.
(2) Joan had no belief in God.
(3) The soldiers called Joan ‘the Maid’.
(4) Robert had a poor opinion of English soldiers.
Answer:
True statements:
(3) The soldiers called Joan ‘the Maid’.
(4) Robert had a poor opinion of English soldiers.

Question 31.
how one knows that Joan is a person of immense faith.
Answer:
Joan’s statement ‘I don’t think soldiering can be difficult if God Is on your side’ shows that she is a person of immense faith.

Question 32.
Pick out the words ending In -ing from the passage and classify them Into gerunds and participles.
Answer:
Gerunds – Participles
raising, chasing. soldiering, fighting, plundering, burning, – turning, fighting

Question 33.
Pick the odd man out from each group:
(1) gravely, always. heard, very
(2) they, see, you. them
Answer:
(1) heard- (this is a verb; the other words are adverbs.)
(2) see-(this is a verb; the other words are pronouns.)

Question 34.
Rewrite the following as Assertive sentences:
(1) Have you ever seen English soldiers fighting?
Answer:
You have never seen English soldiers fighting.

Question 35.
Have you ever seen them plundering, burning, turning the countryside into a desert?
Answer:
You have never seen them plundering, burning, turning the countryside into a desert.

Question 36.
Do you think that soldiers should run away to ‘save their skins’?
Answer:
No, I don’t think so. Soldiers must fight till their last breath. No soldier worth his sa1t should run away from the scene of battle to save his/her own life.

Question 37.
What dress did Joan want?
Answer:
Joan wanted a soldier’s dress.

Question 38.
Robert finally agreed to the plan.
Answer:
Robert thought that Joan might be able to motivate the Dauphin and the troops to fight. He felt that she had the courage and determination to succeed. He also felt that there was something special about her. Hence he finally agreed to the plan.

Question 39.
Pick out the modal auxiliary and state its function.
Even the Dauphin might believe it.
Answer:
might—showing possibility.

Question 40.
Do you think that Joan succeeds in her plan?
Answer:
I would not be sure only by reading the play; but history tells us that she did succeed and led the French army to victory in several battles during the Hundred Years War. Her bravery, determination and confidence won the day.

Question 41.
I can do no more.
Answer:
I can do only this much.

Question 42.
Pick out the modal auxiliary and state its function.
Even the Dauphin might believe it.
Answer:
might—showing possibility.

Question 43.
Do you think that Joan succeeds in her plan?
Answer:
I would not be sure only by reading the play; but history tells us that she did succeed and led the French army to victory In several battles during the Hundred Years War. Her bravery, determination and confidence won the day.

Question 44.
(1) WrIte two compound words from the text.
(2) Use the following word as a gerund in your own sentence : chasing
(3) Find out two hidden words from the given word : confidently
(4) Make a sentence of your own using the phrase: to save their skins.
(5) Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentence: I is taking a big chance.
(6) Identify the type of sentence: I don’t think it can be very difficult.
(7) Write the following words in alphabetical order : understand, steward, window, squire.
(8) Write the present and past participles of ‘stop’.
(9) Prepare a word chain using the following nouns: Denmark, France, Austria, England, Korea, Alaska. France →
Answer:
(1) courtyard, blockhead
(2) I would not even think of chasing a defenceless animal.
(3) confidently — confident, confide
(4) The thieves jumped into the lake to save their skins.
(5) I am taking a big chance.
(6) Assertive (negative).
(7) squire. steward, understand, window.
(8) stop: stopping, stopped.
(9) France → England → Denmark → Korea → Austria → Alaska.

Question 45.
(1) Use the following word and its homograph in two separate sentences: lock
(2) The Dauphin will give me all I need. (Rewrite using the future progressive tense of the verb.)
(3) Prepare a word register of 4 words relating to war from the lesson.
Answer:
(1) (i) There was a lock of hair on the table.
(ii) The lock and the key were both missing.
(2) The Dauphin will be giving me all I need.
(3) War : soldier, armour, fight, siege, plundering, soldiering, troops. captain. (any 4)

Question 46.
(1) I used to think so. (Pick out the modal auxiliary and state its function).
(2) Analyse the sentence: Stay within a11 and keep your cyc on her.
Answer:
(1) used to — past habit
(2) Compound Sentence.
Stay within call — coordinate (main) clause: keep your eye on h& — coordinate (main) clause.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Maths Solutions covers the Practice Set 3.4 Algebra 10th Class Maths Part 1 Answers Solutions Chapter 3 Arithmetic Progression.

Practice Set 3.4 Algebra 10th Std Maths Part 1 Answers Chapter 3 Arithmetic Progression

Question 1.
On 1^st Jan 2016, Sanika decides to save ₹ 10, ₹ 11 on second day, ₹ 12 on third day. If she decides to save like this, then on 31st Dec 2016 what would be her total saving?
Solution:

∴ Sanika’s total saving on 31^st December 2016 would be ₹ 70455.

Question 2.
A man borrows ₹ 8000 and agrees to repay with a total interest of ₹ 1360 in 12 monthly instalments. Each instalment being less than the preceding one by ₹ 40. Find the amount of the first and last instalment.
Solution:
i. The instalments are in A.P.
Amount repaid in 12 instalments (S12)
= Amount borrowed + total interest
= 8000 + 1360
∴ S₁₂ = 9360
Number of instalments (n) = 12
Each instalment is less than the preceding one by ₹ 40.
∴ d = -40

∴ Amount of the first instalment is ₹ 1000 and that of the last instalment is ₹ 560.

Question 3.
Sachin invested in a national saving certificate scheme. In the first year he invested ₹ 5000, in the second year ₹ 7000, in the third year ₹ 9000 and so on. Find the total amount that he invested in 12 years.
Solution:
i. Amount invested by Sachin in each year are as follows:
5000, 7000, 9000, …
The above sequence is an A.P.
∴ a = 5000, d = 7000 – 5000 = 2000, n = 12

∴ The total amount invested by Sachin in 12 years is ₹ 1,92,000.

Question 4.
There is an auditorium with 27 rows of seats. There are 20 seats in the first row, 22 seats in the second row, 24 seats in the third row and so on. Find the number of seats in the 15th row and also find how many total seats are there in the auditorium?
Solution:
i. The number of seats arranged row-wise are as follows:
20, 22, 24,
The above sequence is an A.P.
∴ a = 20, d = 22 – 20 = 2, n = 27

ii. t_n = a + (n – 1)d
∴ t₁₅ = 20 + (15 – 1)2
= 20 + 14 × 2
= 20 + 28
∴ t₁₅ = 48
∴ The number of seats in the 15^th row is 48.

∴ Total seats in the auditorium are 1242.

Question 5.
Kargil’s temperature was recorded in a week from Monday to Saturday. All readings were in A.P. The sum of temperatures of Monday and Saturday was 5°C more than sum of temperatures of Tuesday and Saturday. If temperature of Wednesday was -30° Celsius then find the temperature on the other five days.
Solution:
Let the temperatures from Monday to Saturday in A.P. be
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d, a + 5d.
According to the first condition,
(a) + (a + 5d) = (a + d) + (a + 5d) + 5°
∴ d = -5°
According to the second condition,
a + 2d = -30°
∴ a + 2(-5°) = -30°
∴ a – 10° = -30°
∴ a = -30° + 10° = -20°
∴ a + d = -20° – 5° = – 25°
a + 3d = -20° + 3(- 5°) = -20° – 15° = -35°
a + 4d = -20° + 4(-5°) = -20° – 20° = -40°
a + 5d = -20° + 5(-5°) = -20° – 25° = -45°
∴ The temperatures on the other five days are
-20°C, -25° C, -35° C, -40° C and -45° C.

Question 6.
On the world environment day tree plantation programme was arranged on a land which is triangular in shape. Trees are planted such that in the first row there is one tree, in the second row there are two trees, in the third row three trees and so on. Find the total number of trees in the 25 rows.
Solution:
i. The number of frees planted row-wise are as follows:
1,2,3,…
The above sequence is an A.P.
∴ a = 1, d = 2 – 1 = 1,n = 25

∴ The total number of trees in 25 rows are 325.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.2 Three Questions Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 2.2 Three Questions

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.2 Warming Up Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Expressions in English classified under different heads. Pair up with your partner, guess and match the columns. (Use a dictionary.)

A		B
(1) Principle	(a)	a generally accepted, evident, truth
(2) Quotation	(b)	short striking messages for the public
(3) Moral	(c)	a short witty remark stating the truth
(4) Idioms	(d)	a popular, well-known truth
(5) Slogans	(e)	established expressions which do not convey exactly the same as individual words
(6) One-liners	(f)	words cited from a speech/text of a famous person
(7) Maxims	(g)	a lesson derived from a story or experience
(8) Proverb	(h)	a rule to govern one’s behavior

Answer:

A		B
(1) Principle	(h)	a rule to govern one’s behavior
(2) Quotation	(f)	words cited from a speech/text of a famous person
(3) Moral	(g)	a lesson derived from a story or experience
(4) Idioms	(e)	established expressions which do not convey exactly the same as individual words
(5) Slogans	(b)	short striking messages for the public
(6) One-liners	(c)	a short witty remark stating the truth
(7) Maxims	(d)	a popular, well-known truth
(8) Proverb	(a)	a generally accepted, evident, truth

Question 2.
Read the polite requests/suggestions and complete the gaps in the responses. Make sure they are polite and not repeated.
→ Could you lend me your dictionary?
Accept (1) ………………..
Refuse (2) ………………..
Answer:
Accept (1) Yes, here it is.
Refuse (2) I’m sorry, I can’t. I am using it now.

→ Can you please pass the salad?
Accept (1) ………………..
Refuse (2) ………………..
Answer:
Accept (1) Sure!
Accept (2) Here you are.

→ May I know the exact time?
Accept (1) ………………..
Refuse (2) ………………..
Answer:
Accept (1) Right now It is exactly ten to six.
Accept (2) It’s 10 minutes past 5.

→ Shall we plan a class-picnic?
Accept (1) ………………..
Refuse (2) ………………..
Answer:
Accept (1) Yes, let’s!
Refuse (2) Not now; I’m going to my native place for a month.

→ Do you need help?
Accept (1) ………………..
Refuse (2) ………………..
Answer:
Accept (1) Yes, please.
Refuse (2) It’s all right, thank you. I can manage.

→ Is it alright if I use your laptop?
Accept (1) ………………..
Refuse (2) ………………..
Answer:
Accept (1) Yes, I can spare It for an hour.
Refuse (2) Well… could you wait some time? I have some things I need to complete.

Question 3.
Let’s see if you remember a nursery rhyme you must have sung, as a kid :
Fill in the missing words: ………………..
‘The ……………….. time to be happy is
The to be happy is here.
And the way to be ……………….., is to ……………….. someone
happy And have a little ……………….. right here!’
(happy, make, heaven, now, place)
(You can listen to this song on the internet.)
Answer:
(happy, make, heaven, now, place)
The time to be happy is now.
The place to be happy is here.
And the way to be happy is to make someone happy. And have a little heaven right here!

Three Questions Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Question 1.
Read the story and answer whether the following statements are true or false.
(a) The people convinced the King to make a proclamation. ……………………………..
(b) The hermit spoke usually to everyone. ……………………………..
(c) The King received all answers from the hermit. ……………………………..
(d) The person the King saved and helped was his enemy. ……………………………..
(e) To do good to people is the purpose of our life. ……………………………..
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True
(e) True

Question 2.
Match the titles with the contents of the proper paragraph.

1	Once a certain king . . . important to do.	a	King gains a friend.
2	Many learned people . . . time for everything.	b	The wounded stranger
3	Equally varied . . . gave the reward to none.	c	King helps the hermit.
4	When the King arrived, . . . my first attention.	d	The stranger begs for pardon.
5	The hermit listened . . . continued to dig.	e	The hermit points out answers.
6	The King turned around . . . gave it to him.	f	Stranger’s vicious intention
7	Meanwhile the sun . . . said the King.	g	Questions remain unanswered.
8	“You do not know … all my life.	h	The king received various answers.
9	The King was very glad . . . the day before.	i	King’s announcement.
10	“Do you not see?” . . . sent into this life!”	j	The King meets the hermit.

Answer:

(1) Once a certain king … important to do.	i	The king’s announcement.
(2) Many learned people … time for everything.	h	The king received various answers.
(3) Equally varied … gave the reward to none.	g	The questions remained unanswered.
(4) When the king arrived, … rriy first attention.	j	The king meets the hermit
(5) The hermit listened … continued to dig.	c	The king helps the hermit.
(6) The king turned round … gave it to him.	b	The wounded stranger.
(7) Meanwhile the sun … said the king.	d	The stranger begs for pardon.
(8) ‘You do not know … all my life.’	f	The stranger’s vicious intentions.
(9) The king was very glad … the day before.	a	The king gains a friend.
(10) ‘Do you not see?’ … sent into his life.	e	The hermit points out answers.

Question 3.
The character traits of the king and hermit are mixed up. Sort them out in the right box.

Answer:
KiNG
impatient. eager to succeed, helpful

HERMIT
feeble, enlightened, patient, convincing, wise

Question 4.
Complete the Tree diagrams associated with the happenings in the story.

Answer:

Question 5.
Write down in your notebook two points for each of the following. How do you know . . .
(a) the learned advisers who came to the court confused the king.
(b) the king was humble.
(c) the king’s enemy was repentant.
(d) the hermit was truly wise.
Answer:
We come to know that the king was humble by the fact that he did not mind doing ordinary work such as digging. He did not use his authority as king to force the hermit to answer his questions. Instead he requested the hermit politely and was ready to go away if the hermit refused to answer his questions.

Question 6.
Choose the correct answer and fill in the blanks.
(a) “Varied” (Paragraph-3) means ……………………
(i) different
(ii) unnecessary
(iii) unequal
(iv) unimportant.
Answer:
(a) different

(b) Many learned people came to the court and gave ……………………
(i) The same answers
(ii) correct answers
(iii) different answers
(iv) wrong answers.
Answer:
(iii) different answers

(c) The synonym of ‘convinced’ is ……………………
(i) persuaded
(ii) happy
(iii) unhappy
(iv) angry.
Answer:
(i) persuaded

(d) The King wanted to know the …………………… time to begin everything.
(i) right
(ii) exact
(iii) proper
(iv) good.
Answer:
(i) right

(e) ‘‘I pray you to answer my question.’’ Here ‘pray’ means ……………………
(i) plead to God
(ii) request
(iii) order
(iv) suggest.
Answer:
(ii) request

(f) Choose an adverb that collocates with “breathed ……………………
(i) hurriedly
(ii) heavily
(iii) hardly
(iv) calmly.
Answer:
(i) heavily

Question 7.
Answer the following questions.
(a) The learned people were sometimes divided in their opinions, different persons giving quite different answers; at other times, none of them gave an answer. They all suggested ways to look for an answer. Point out one example of each.
Answer:
To know the right time for every action: Draw up in advance a table of days, months and years and live strictly according to it. The people the king most needed: Councillors The most important occupation: Science.

(b) Though the hermit did not say anything to the king for some time, he did not ignore the king or treat him rudely in any way. Do you agree? What evidence of his politeness can you point out? What shows that he listened and responded to the king’s words?
Answer:
I agree that though the hermit did not say anything to the king for some time, he did not ignore the king or treat him rudely in any way. His politeness is evident by the fact that he greeted the king. By spitting on his hand before he resumed digging, the hermit indicated that the work he was doing was more important and that the king would have to wait.

(c) The hermit ‘spoke only to common people’; so the king ‘put on simple clothes’. Do you think the king hoped to be mistaken for a common man, or was he just showing that he was a humble person? What shows that the hermit knew him to be the king?
Answer:
The king put on* simple clothes because he did not want the hermit to refuse to answer his questions. The king was aware that the hermit was wise and would know that he was the king and not mistake him for a common person. Out of humility and respect, the king dressed up like a commoner. We know that-the hermit knew that he was the king by the way he returned the king’s greeting.

(d) Did the king behave as an ordinary person, rather than as a ruler, at the hermit’s hut? What shows it? Did he also act as a good, kind person? When did he do so?
Answer:
Like any other ordinary person, the king tended to the wounded man. He even washed the wound and bandaged it many times. When required, he brought and gave the man water to drink. The king went out of his way to be good and kind to the man. All this happened after the wounded man came running, wounded, to the hermit’s hut.

(e) Do you think the hermit knew, beforehand, not only about the king’s arrival but about the ambush by his enemy? Think a little about this and say what you really feel.
Answer:
I think the hermit somehow knew everything before the king arrived. He must have known about the plan of the king’s enemy and so was able to deal with it purposefully when the king arrived. News about the ambush must definitely have come to his ears. Otherwise he would not have been able to answer the king’s questions in such a real and practical way. He was a hermit, a wise man, and nothing of importance would have escaped his consideration.

Question 8.
Consider this list of the different things that happened and rearrange them in the order of time, that is, what happened first, what happened next and so on. Read the related paragraph again if you are uncertain.

(a) The bearded man resolved to kill the king.
(b) The king went alone to see the hermit.
(c) The king executed the bearded man’s brother.
(d) The king spent the night at the hermit’s hut.
(e) The bearded man laid an ambush to kill the king.
(f) The king’s bodyguards recognised and wounded the bearded man.
(g) The bearded man came out of the ambush.
Answer:
(b) The king executed the bearded man’s brother.
(a) The bearded man resolved to kill the king.
(c) The bearded man laid an ambush to kill the king.
(e) The bearded man came out of the ambush.
(d) The king’s bodyguards recognised and wounded the bearded man.
(f) The king spent the night at the hermit’s hut.
(g) The king went alone to see the hermit.

Question 9.
Read the story in your own language, summarize the following aspects of the story in 4 to 5 lines each in your own language. Write it in your notebook.
(a) King’s problem: ……………………
Answer:
The King’s problem was that he wanted someone from his kingdom to give him the answers to three questions.
(1) What was the right time to begin everything?
(2) Who are the right people to listen to?
(3) What was the most important thing to do?

(b) Attempts made to find a solution: ……………………
(c) Climax: ……………………
(d) Solution: ……………………
(e) Message: ……………………
Answer:
The King wanted the answers to three questions. In order to find a solution, he had a proclamation made in his kingdom. He also announced a great reward to anyone who would give him the answers to his questions.

Question 10.
(A) The following compound words from the story are spelt in a jumbled order. Rearrange the letters to make them meaningful.
(1) a r e e t u k d n = ……………………
(2) y o n n a e = ……………………
(3) s t a p s i e m = ……………………
(4) h e e d a r f o n b = ……………………
(5) n e v h i g r e t y = ……………………
(6) h e i l n e w a m = ……………………
(7) d a d e b e r = ……………………
Answer:
(1) a r e e t u k d n = undertake
(2) y o n n a e = anyone
(3) s t a p s i e m = pastimes
(4) h e e d a r f o n b = beforehand
(5) n e v h i g r e t y = everything
(6) h e i l n e w a m = meanwhile
(7) d a d e b e r = bearded

(B) From the story, find the collocations of the following.
(1) …………………… important.
(2) …………………… intently
(3) frail and ……………………
(4) widely ……………………
(5) …………………… time
(6) …………………… blood
(7) simple ……………………
(8) closed ……………………
(9) …………………… asleep
(10) …………………… peace
(11) took ……………………..
Answer:
(1) most important
(2) gazing intently
(3) frail and weak
(4) widely renowned
(5) right time
(6) warm blood
(7) simple clothes
(8) closed eyes
(9) fell asleep.
(10) made peace
(11) took leave

Question 11.
Say whether the Verbs underlined in the sentences are finite (limited by the number or person of the subject) or non-finite (not governed by the subject, number or person).
(1) He decides to go to a hermit.
(2) I have come to you, wise hermit.
(3) He gave the reward to none.
(4) The hermit was digging the ground.
(5) I pray you to answer my questions.
(6) ‘‘ Forgive me.’’
(7) The sun began to sink.
Answer:
(1) decides – finite; to go – non-finite.
(2) have come – finite; to ask, to answer-non- finite.
(3) gave – finite; This sentence has no non-finite verb.
(4) was – finite; digging – non-finite.
(5) pray – finite: to answer – non-finite
(6) forgive – finIte
(7) began – finite; to sink – non-finite.

Question 12.
Narrate an experience of your own that has helped you to realise that ‘Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.’ Write it in your notebook, in about 20 lines.
Answer:
Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet!

It was Rousseau who said, ‘Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.’

I realized the truth of this statement when I was in Std. X. It was an important year for me. My school was far from my home. So were my classes. I had to spend a lot of time walking in order to reach either school or classes. This meant a lot of waste of precious time that I could use very well for study.

I was an only child and my father had passed away four years ago. My mother would tell me, ‘Have patience. Things will work out.’ But I really could not understand her.

The rainy months passed by with me trudging anxiously to school or to the classes. If I was lucky, someone would give me a lift, dy studies were suffering.

I was lagging behind in keeping up with homework and revision.

Then one day the postman delivered a letter. Mother read it in excitement.

‘You know what? There’s a good news. Your uncle from the US is coming to visit us. He is your dad’s brother. The last time he saw you was when you were j a baby.’

‘Oh,’ I said, wondering how that could be good for us. On the contrary, I would have to take my uncle visiting and that would take up more of the time I required for earnest study.

The day arrived. My uncle came over. A jolly fellow, full of stories and fun and small delightful gifts. In the afternoon I took his leave saying I had to go to school and then classes.

‘How are you going?’ he asked.
I put my head down and said, ‘Walking’.
‘Come, I’ll take you by autorickshaw,’ he said. And so we went.
‘It’s quite a distance,’ my uncle commented. I nodded silently.
In the evening when I came home, I could not believe my eyes.
There, resting against the wall was the most beautiful bicycle I had ever seen.
Mother and my uncle came out to greet me.
‘This is yours, boy. No more walking long distances for you!’
Tears welled up in my eyes and I ran and hugged my uncle.
‘Thank you so much,’ I said.
Indeed, my patience had been rewarded with sweet fruit!

Question 13.
After reading this story, develop a dialogue with 2 of your classmates about the characters in the story. Besides the tactful introduction to the conversation and write 8 to 10 sets of dialogues.
Answer:
My self: Hey, did you like the story, ‘Three Questions’?

Student 1: Yes, I was particularly impressed with the king. He was very humble. He was eager to know more about life.

My self: Yes, he did not claim that he knew everything just because he was king.

Student 2: I liked the hermit. He was quite a cool character.

My self: He was very wise. He knew beforehand that the king would come to him. He also knew the solution to the king’s problem, even before the incidents occurred.

Student 1: Yes. And the surprising thing is that the king indirectly got the answers to his questions from a long-forgotten enemy.

My self: The story is very cleverly written, woven around these three characters. One seeks answers to questions. One knows the answers to the questions. One is the medium through which the answers are given.

Student 2: If the king’s bodyguards had not attacked the man, he would not have come to the hermit’s hut and met the king.

My self: If the man had not been wounded and the king had not bandaged his wounds and saved his life, the man would not have forgiven him for a cruel wrongdoing in the past.

Student 1: Yes, Leo Tolstoy wanted to give us the message of forgiveness and doing good even to our enemies. Through the three characters in the story and their interactions, the writer brought out his message very well.

My sfelf : Indeed, a well-written story, and one from which we learn such a lot!

Question 14.
From the library or Internet, read the story ‘How much land does a man need?’ by Leo Tolstoy and write a review of the same, covering the following points.
Background of the story
Characters
Plot/Theme
Climax
Message/Moral
Answer:
The climax of the story is that the person whom the king had wronged by executing his brother years ago, finally forgave him. This is because the king had saved his life.

(a) rose got up from a sitting or kneeling position a flower
(b) sink drop downwards go down below the surface of a liquid
(c) bed a garden plot a piece of furniture for resting
(d) rest to cease work in order to relax or sleep the remaining part

By saving the life of the wounded man, who was in fact the king’s enemy, the king passes on to us the message that the most important thing in life is to do good to others, because it is for that purpose alone we were sent into this life.

Question 15.
What final suggestion did the last group of learned men offer regarding the best time?
Answer:
The last group of learned men said that it was impossible for one man to decide correctly the right time for every action and that the king should, instead, have a council of wise people, who would help him to fix the proper time for everything.

Question 16.
Choose the correct question tag from the alternatives and write the complete answer:
He would give a great reward,…
(a) would he?
(b) won’t he?
(c) wouldn’t he?
(d) will he?
Answer:
He would give a great reward, wouldn’t he?

Question 17.
Pick out the finite and non-finite verbs from the sentences:
(1) He always knew the right time to begin everything.
(2) He was right in thinking this way.
Answer:
(1) knew – finite; to begin – non-finite
(2) was – finite; thinking – non-finite.

Question 18.
They all gave different answers. (Rewrite using the opposite of ‘different’.)
Answer:
None of them gave similar answers.

Question 19.
He was convinced that he was right. (Pick out the clauses and name them.)
Answer:
He was convinced – Main clause.
that he was right – Subordinate Noun clause.

Question 20.
What is the right time, according to you?
Answer:
According to me, the right time is the present. Yesterday cannot be undone. Tomorrow cannot be predicted. Therefore, the only right time is today, i.e. the present.

Question 21.
The learned advisers who came to the court confused the king. How do you know?
Answer:
By giving the king’ different answers, the learned advisers who came to the court confused the king. None of the answers given by the advisers was complete or comprehensive. From their answers it is quite clear to me that each one of them dwelt on part of the truth and not the whole truth.

Question 22.
Read the following passage and do the activities:
(1) Arrange these incidents in proper sequence:
(a) The king asked the hermit the three questions.
(b) The king saw that the hermit was digging the ground.
*(c) The king went alone to see the hermit.
(d) The hermit greeted the king.
Answer:
(c) The king went alone to see the hermit.
(b) The king saw that the hermit was digging the ground.
(d) The hermit greeted the king.
(a) The king asked the liermit the three questions.

Question 23.
State whether the following statements are True or False: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(a) The hermit was well known. True
(b) The hermit spoke usually to everyone. False
(c) The hermit dug the ground easily False
(d) The hermit was strong. False

Question 24.
Why did the king go to the hermit in disguise?
Answer:
The hermit spoke only to common people. The king knew this. So he wanted to present himself as a common man and elicit answers for his questions. That is why he went to the hermit in disguise.

Question 25.
Write from the passage synonyms for:
(a) famous
(b) weak.
Answer:
(a) renowned
(b) frail.

Question 26.
The following compound words from the passage are spelt in jumbled order. Rearrange the letters to make them meaningful.
Answer:
(i) d ubgyroad = bodyguard
(ii) frawera = warfare

Question 27.
The king was convinced by none of these answers. (Rewrite beginning with ‘None of these answers …’.)
Answer:
None of these answers convinced the king.

Question 28.
State whether the following statements are True or False:
Answer:
(a) The king got irritated with the hermit. False
(b) The hermit answered all the questions of the king. False
(c) It was evening when the king met the hermit. True
(d) The hermit was full of energy. False

Question 29.
Who said to whom?
(a) Let me take the spade and work a while for you.
(b) Now rest a while and let me work a bit.
Answer:
(a) The king said this to the hermit.
(b) The hermit said this to the king.

Question 30.
How did the hermit respond to the king’s questions?
Answer:
The hermit listened to the king but said nothing. He just spat on his hand and continued digging. Later, when the king felt sorry for him, the hermit handed the king the spade to take over. When the king asked his question again, instead of giving an answer, the hermit rose and stretched out his hand for the spade.

Question 31.
In what state was the bearded man when he arrived?
Answer:
The bearded man was wounded. He fainted. He had a large wound in his stomach. The bleeding j would not stop and the wound had to be bandaged and re-bandaged. The bandage was soaked with blood. The bearded man was indeed in a very serious condition when he arrived.

Question 32.
Choose adverbs/adjectives that collocate with these words:
(1) moaning:
(a) profusely
(b) heavily
(c) feebly
(d) sadly.
Answer:
(i) moaning feebly

(ii) blood:
(a) profuse
(b) warm
(c) fresh
(d) bandaged.
Answer:
warm

Question 33.
Complete the following table with meanings from the brackets:
(Meanings: go down below the surface of a liquid, to cease work in order to relax or sleep, a piece of furniture for resting, a garden plot, got up from a sitting or kneeling position, drop downwards, the remaining part, a flower) (The answers are given directly in the table.)
Answer:
Words Meaning in the text Other meaning
(a) rose got up from a sitting or kneeling position a flower
(b) sink drop downwards go down below the surface of a liquid
(c) bed a garden plot a piece of furniture for resting
(d) rest to cease work in order to relax or sleep the remaining part

Question 34.
Pick out the finite and non-finite verbs from the sentences:
(a) The king continued to dig.
Answer:
(a) continued – finite; to dig – non-finite.

Question 35.
‘Here comes someone running,’ said the hermit. (Rewrite in indirect speech.)
Answer:
The hermit said that there came someone running.

Question 36.
He fainted and fell to the ground. (Rewrite using a present participle in place of the underlined word.)
Answer:
Fainting, he fell to the ground.

Question 37.
The blood would not stop flowing. (Rewrite without ‘not’.)
Answer:
The blood flowed continuously.

Question 38.
Say whether the following statements are True or False: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(a) The person the king saved and helped was his enemy. True
(b) The hermit helped the king. True
(c) When he awoke, the king immediately realized where he was. False
(d) The king had gone out for a walk. False

Question 39.
Why had the wounded man asked for the king’s pardon?
Answer:
The wounded man had resolved to kill the king. In try ng to do so. he was wounded and the king saved his life. Hence the wounded man asked for the king’s pardon.

Question 40.
Write two points for the following:
The king’s enemy was repentant. How do you know?
Answer:
The king’s enemy tells him that since the king had saved his life, if he (the king) wished it, he would serve him all his life. This shows that he was repentant.

Question 41.
Match the words with their opposites:
Answer:
Answer:
(a) familiar X strange
(b) forget X remember.
(c) firm X weak
(d) everything x nothing.

Question 42.
Forgive me,’ said the beard€d man. (Rewrite In indirect speech.)
Answer:
The bearded man asked him (the king) to forgive him.

Question 43.
What qualities of the king do you notice in this passage?
Answer:
Even though he was king, he did not hesitate to carry the wounded man into the hut. He was humble enough to sleep in a hut next to a wounded man. All this shows, that the king was not proud of his royal position. He was, at heart, kind, considerate and humane.

Question 44.
State whether the following statements are True or False: (The answers are given directly and underlined.)
Answer:
(1) The hermit pitied the king’s weakness. False
(2) The king received all answers from the hermit. True
(3) The present is the only time when we have power. True
(4) To do good to people is the purpose of our life. True

Question 45.
How did the hermit finally point out the answers to the king’s questions?
Answer:
The hermit finally pointed out the answers to the king’s questions by referring to incidents that the king actually experienced when he visited the hermit. With the help of each incident, the- hermit explained to the king what the most important time was,’ who the most important person was and what the most important action was.

Question 46.
Summarize the following aspect in 4 to 5 lines each in your own words:
(a) The solution.
Answer:
The king finally got the answers to his questions. The most important time was when the king was digging the beds and when he was attending to the wounded man. Otherwise he would not have met the man and the man would have died. The most important action was bandaging the man’s wounds. If the man had died, he would not have made peace with the king. The most important man was the hermit, who made it possible for the king to find the answers to his questions.

Question 47.
Match the following:
‘A’ ‘B’
(1) one who heals – (a) sower
(2) one who lives alone in a forest – (b) physician
(3) one who plants seeds – (c) enemy
(4) one who is actively opposed to you – (d) hermit
Answer:
(1) one who heals – physician
(2) one who lives alone in a forest – hermit
(3) one who plants seeds – sower
(4) one who is actively opposed to you – enemy

Question 48.
He was the most important man. (Rewrite as a question.)
Answer:
Wasn’t he the most important man?

Question 49.
There is only one time that is important. (Rewrite using ‘no’.)
Answer:
There is no other time that is important.

Question 50.
For that purpose alone were you sent into this world. (Rewrite beginning with the subject ‘you’.)
Answer:
You were sent into this world for that purpose alone.

Question 51.
What qualities of the king stand out as he forgave his enemy?
Answer:
As the king forgave his enemy, we see him as a very humane person, as a person who believes in peace and forgiveness and one who shows mercy to even those who would wish to harm him.

Question 52.
(1) Pick out the infinitives in the given sentence and make your own sentence: He would give a reward to anyone who would teach him how he might know the most important thing to do.
(2) Write two compound words from the lesson.
(3) Punctuate the sentence: ive nothing to forgive you for said the king
(4) Make a meaningful sentence using the phrase: to feel sorry for (someone)
(5) Find out two hidden words in the given word: approaching
(6) Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentence: The king convinced none of these answers.
(7) Write the present participle forms of the given verbs: let, beg (run)
(8) Write these words in alphabetical order: beforehand, bearded, breathed, bodyguard.
Answer:
(1) Infinitive: to do Sentence: We were asked to do a simple activity before the session began.
(2) undertake, warfare
(3) T ve nothing to forgive you for,” said the king.
(4) Feeling sorry for the poor man, I gave him some food to eat.
(5) approach, aching
(6) The king was convinced by none of these answers.
(7) letting, begging (running)
(8) bearded, beforehand, bodyguard, breathed.

Question 53.
(1) Rewrite using indirect narration: “O wise one! Could you give me the answer to my three questions?” the king said to the hermit.
(2) Complete the following word chain with words from the lesson:
we . . . . . → . . . . . → . . . . . → . . . . .
(3) Rewrite beginning with the underlined part: The hermit again gave no answer.
(4) Make sentences of your own to show the difference of meaning between the words: ‘pray’ and ‘prey’.
Answer:
(1) Addressing the hermit as the ‘wise one’, the king asked him if he could give him the answer to his three questions.
(2) weak → king → ground → different.
(3) Again no answer was given by the hermit.
(4) (a) Every night the little boy would kneel by his bedside and pray.

(b) The vulture is a bird of prey.
(B) Do as directed (Challenging Activities):
(1) Change to the positive degree: What you did for him was your most important business.
(2) Use the given word as a noun and as a verb: wish
Answer:
(1) No other business of yours was as important as what you did for him.
(2) Word: wish
Sentences: (a) Make a wish and it will come true. (noun)
(b) You may leave if you wish, (verb)

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.1 Animals Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 10 English Kumarbharati Textbook Solutions Unit 2.1 Animals

Maharashtra Board Class 10 English Solutions Unit 2.1 Warming Up Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Get into pairs and attempt the following :
“The more I learn about people, the more I like my dog.”- Mark Twain. – Discuss with your partner what Mark Twain means from the above quote.

Write in your own words
…………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………..
Answer:
‘The more I learn about people, the more I like my dog. – Mark Twain.

Ely the above quote, Mark Twain means that his dog has certain qualities which he finds lacking in human beings. Each day, as he comes across different people and learns more about human nature, the feeling grows within him that humans possess many disagreeable qualities that do not help in improving relationships. As a result, he begins to love his dog more than human beings.

Question 2.
Put the following attributes/abilities given below in the proper circles.
(a) self-control
(b) communicates
(c) love and care
(d) cooks
(e) good manners
(f) has 3600 vision
(g) shows gratitude
(h) lives for more than 150 years
(i) swims
(j) learns computing
(k) worships god
(l) sleeps in standing position
(m) stands up immediately after birth
(n) brings up children
(o) belongs to various species

Answer:

Question 3.
At times, especially when you are frustrated, you wish you were an animal/ a bird/ a fish/ a butterfly and not a human being.

Say which of the above you would choose to transform to and give 3 or 4 reasons for your choice.
I wish I could be a ………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
When I am frustrated, I wish I could be a bird, so I could fly away from the cause of frustration. At such times, I would like to be far from the noise and crowd on earth and sail in silence across the sky. I would prefer to concentrate on my own thoughts and regain my peace, and the best place for that would be the vast open sky. Flapping my wings would keep me active and busy and help me forget about my worries.

Question 4.
We come across many animals in our vicinity. We have also read about different animals in books. Make a list of all animals that fall under various categories. One is given for you.

Amphibians	Mammals	Wild Animals	Aquatic Animals	Pet Animals
frog	cow	lion	octopus	cat

Answer:

Amphibians	Mammals	Wild Animals	Aquatic Animals	Pet Animals
frog	cow	lion	octopus	cat
toad	bat	tiger	crocodile	dog
salamander	squirrel	bear	alligator	guinea pig
caecilian	mongoose	wolf	hippopotamus	gold fish
		cheetah	turtle
		leopard
		monkey

Animals Class 10 English Workshop Questions and Answers Maharashtra Board

Question 1.
(A) Match the words given in table A with their meanings in table B.

No	(A) Words		(B) Meaning
(i)	whine	(a)	an offense against the religious or moral law
(ii)	sin	(b)	complain in an annoying way
(iii)	evince	(c)	craze
(iv)	mania	(d)	failing to take proper care
(v)	negligent	(e)	show

Answer:

No	(A) Words		(B) Meanings
(i)	whine	(b)	complain in an annoying way
(ii)	sin	(a)	an offense against the religious or moral law
(iii)	evince	(e)	show
(iv)	mania	(c)	mental illness
(v)	negligent	(d)	failing to take proper care

(B) Find adjectives from the poem which refer to positive and negative thinking

Positive	Negative
1…………………………….	1…………………………….
2…………………………….	2…………………………….
3…………………………….	3…………………………….

Answer:

Positive	Negative
(1) placid	(1) dissatisfied
(2) self-contained	(2) demented
	(3) unhappy

Question 2.
Complete the following.
(a) The poet wishes he could ……………………………….
(b) Animals do not complain about ……………………………….
(c) Animals do not merely discuss ……………………………….
(d) Animals are not crazy about ……………………………….
Answer:
(a) The poet wishes he could turn and live with animals.
(b) Animals do not complain about their condition.
(c) Animals do not merely discuss their duty to God.
(d) Animals are not crazy about owning things.

Question 3.
State whether the following statements are true or false.
(a) Animals are self-reliant. ……………………………….
(b) Animals quarrel for their possessions. ……………………………….
(c) Animals do not worship other animals. ……………………………….
(d) Humans have given up many good qualities. ……………………………….
(e) Animals suffer humiliation. ……………………………….
(f) The poet has retained all his natural virtues. ……………………………….
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True
(e) False
(f) False

Question 4.
With the help of the poem find the differences between animals and human beings.

Human beings	Animals
Always complain about their condition	Never complain about anything
…………………………………. ………………………………….	…………………………………. ………………………………….

Answer:

Human Beings	Animals
Always complain about their condition.	Never complain about their condition.
Spend sleepless nights regretting their sins.	Don’t regret their sins at all.
Sicken others by discussing their duty to God.	Do not discuss their duty to God.
Always dissatisfied.	Always contented.
Crazy about acquiring possessions.	Never interested in owning things.
Worship other human beings.	Never worship anyone of their kind.
Always unhappy about earthly matters.	Unconcerned about earthly matters.

Question 5.
Read the text again, and complete the web, highlighting the good values/habits which we can learn from animals.

Answer:

Question 6.
Find outlines from the poem that are examples of the following Figures of Speech.

Figures of Speech	Lines
Repetition	…………………………
Alliteration	…………………………
Hyperbole	…………………………

Answer:

Figures of Speech	Lines
Repetition	I stand and look at them long and long They do not sweat and whine … They do not he awake … They do not make … Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented …
Alliteration	Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented … … they evince them plainly in their possession.
Hyperbole	… Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth.

Question 7.
Identify the Figures of Speech in the following lines.
(a) I stand and look at them long and long.
………………………………………………………………..

(b) They do not sweat and whine about their condition.
………………………………………………………………..

(c) They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God.
………………………………………………………………..

(d) …… not one is demented with the mania of owning things.
………………………………………………………………..

(e) They bring me tokens of myself.
………………………………………………………………..

(f) No one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth.
………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
(a) Repetition
(b) Tautology
(c) Alliteration
(d) Hyperbole
(e) Paradox
(f) Hyperbole

Question 8.
Read the poem again and write an appreciation of the poem in a paragraph format with the help of given points. (Refer to page no. 5)
Answer:
Point Format
(for understanding)
The title of the poem : Animals’
The poet : Walt Whitman
Rhyme scheme : free verse (no rhyme scheme)
Figures of speech : Repetition, Alliteration. Tautology, Hyperbole, etc.
The theme/central idea : Animals are better than humans.

Paragraph Format
The poem ‘Animals’ has been penned by Walt Whitman.

The poet has broken away from the conventional use of a rhyme scheme and has written the poem in free verse.

The chief figure of speech used in the poem is Repetition. Lines such as ‘They do not sweat …’. ‘They do not lie awake …’. ‘They do not make me sick …’ make a strong impact, expressing the qualities that humans should possess, but do not. The other figures of speech are Alliteration, Tautology, Hyperbole, etc.

The central idea of the poem is that animals today are better than humans

Question 9.
Divide the class into two groups. One group should offer points in favor of (views) and the other against (counterviews) the topic ‘Life of an animal is better than that of a human being.’

Later use the points to express your own views/counterviews in paragraph format in your notebook.
Answer:
Point Format

View	Counterview
Animals are placid and self-contained.	Animals cannot improve their lot in life.
Animals do not try to set targets or achieve goals. Humans do.	By setting targets, goals are achieved.
Animals do not complain about their condition.	It is only by complaining that one comes to know how things can be improved.
Animals are self-satisfied with their condition, whatever it be.	Humans continuously try to improve their living conditions.
Animals do not worship other things or animals or persons as gods.	Animals have no idea about God. Humans acknowledge a divine Creator.
Animals do not worry about possessions or earthly matters.	Animals have no care about the future of this planet. Humans do.

Question 10.
What craze do animals never display?
Answer:
Animals never display the craze of owning things.

Question 11.
What could have happened to the tokens of the poet’s self?
Answer:
The tokens of the poet’s self might have been lost from the time man resorted to manipulating nature and considered himself apart from it.

Question 12.
What does the poet mean by ‘They bring me tokens of myself?
Answer:
By ‘They bring me tokens of myself the poet means that animals possess and express visible signs of qualities such as innocence and simplicity that he himself (i.e. all human beings) must have possessed.

Question 13.
Give one example of a Rhetorical Question from the poem. Explain.
Answer:
Did I pass that way huge times ago and negligently drop them?
The poet uses a question to assert that we human beings unmindfully discarded the good qualities that we possessed somewhere along the line.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Maths Solutions covers the Practice Set 9.1 8th Std Maths Answers Solutions Chapter 9 Discount and Commission.

Practice Set 9.1 8th Std Maths Answers Chapter 9 Discount and Commission

8th Standard Maths Practice Set 9.1 Question 1. If marked price = Rs 1700, selling price = Rs 1540, then find the discount.
Solution:
Here, Marked price = Rs 1700,
selling price = Rs 1540
Selling price = Marked price – Discount
∴ 1540 = 1700 – Discount
∴ Discount = 1700 – 1540
= Rs 160
∴ The amount of discount is Rs 160.

Discount and Commission Practice Set 9.1 Question 2. If marked price Rs 990 and percentage of discount is 10, then find the selling price.
Solution:
Here, marked price = Rs 990,
discount = 10%
Let the percentage of discount be x
∴ x = 10%
i. Discount

= Rs 99

ii. Selling price = Marked price – Discount
= 990 – 99
= Rs 891
∴ The selling price is Rs 891.

Practice Set 9.1 Question 3. If selling price Rs 900, discount is 20%, then find the marked price.
Solution:
Here, selling price = Rs 900, discount = 20%
Let the marked price be Rs 100
Since, the discount given = 20%
∴ Amount of discount = Rs 20
∴ Selling price = 100 – 20 – Rs 80
Let actual marked price be Rs x
∴ For marked price of Rs x, selling price is Rs 900
\(\frac{80}{100}=\frac{900}{x}\)
∴ 80 × x = 100 × 900
∴ \(x=\frac{100 \times 900}{80}\)
∴ x = Rs 1125
∴ The marked price is Rs 1125.

Discount and Commission Std 8 Question 4. The marked price of the fan is Rs 3000. Shopkeeper gave 12% discount on it. Find the total discount and selling price of the fan.
Solution:
Here, Marked price = Rs 3000, discount = 12%
Let the percentage of discount be x.
∴ x = 12%
i. Discount

= 30 × 12
= Rs 360

ii. Selling price = Marked price – Discount
= 3000 – 360
= Rs 2640
∴ The total discount is Rs 360 and the selling price of the fan is Rs 2640.

Discount and Commission 8th Standard Question 5. The marked price of a mixer is Rs 2300. A customer purchased it for Rs 1955. Find percentage of discount offered to the customer.
Solution:
Here, marked price = Rs 2300,
selling price = Rs 1955
i. Selling price = Marked price – Discount
∴ 1955 = 2300 – Discount
∴ Discount = 2300 – 1955
= Rs 345

ii. Let the percentage of discount be x


∴ x = 15%
∴ The percentage of discount offered to the customer is 15%.

Question 6.
A shopkeeper gives 11% discount on a television set, hence the cost price of it is Rs 22,250. Then find the marked price of the television set.
Solution:
Here, selling price = Rs 22,250, discount = 11%
Let marked price be Rs 100
Since, the discount given = 11%
∴ Amount of discount = Rs 11
∴ Selling price = 100 – 11 = Rs 89
∴ Let actual marked price be Rs x
∴ For marked price of Rs x, selling price is Rs 22,250

∴ x = Rs 25,000
∴ The marked price of the television set is Rs 25,000.

8th Std Maths Discount and Commission Question 7. After offering discount of 10% on marked price, a customer gets total discount of Rs 17. To find the cost price for the customer, fill in the following boxes with appropriate numbers and complete the activity.
Solution:
Suppose, marked price of the item = 100 rupees Therefore, for customer that item costs 100 – 10 = 90 rupees.
Hence, when the discount is [10] then the selling price is [90] rupees.
Suppose when the discount is [17] rupees, the selling price is x rupees.

∴ The customer will get the item for Rs 153.

Question 8.
A shopkeeper decides to sell a certain item at a certain price. He tags the price on the item by increasing the decided price by 25%. While selling the item, he offers 20% discount. Find how many more or less percent he gets on the decided price.
Solution:
Here, price increase = 25%,
discount offered = 20%
Let the decided price be Rs 100
∴ Increase in price = Rs 25
∴ Shopkeeper marks the price = 100 + 25
= Rs 125
∴ marked price = Rs 125
Let the percentage of discount be x
∴ x = 20%

∴ Selling price = Marked price – Discount
= 125 – 25
= Rs 100
∴ If the decided price is Rs 100, then shopkeeper gets Rs 100.
∴ The shopkeeper gets neither more nor less than the decided price i.e. he gets 0% more / less.

Maharashtra Board Class 8 Maths Chapter 9 Discount and Commission Practice Set 9.1 Intext Questions and Activities

Question 1.
Write the appropriate numbers in the following boxes. (Textbook pg. no. 51)

1. \(\frac { 12 }{ 100 }=\) __ percent = __%
2. 47% = __
3. 86% = __
4. 4% of 300 = 300 × __ = __
5. 15% of 1700 = 1700 × __= __

Solution:

1. \(\frac { 12 }{ 100 }=\) 12 percent = 12%
2. 47% = \(\frac { 47 }{ 100 }\)
3. 86% = \(\frac { 86 }{ 100 }\)
4. 4% of 300 = 300 × \(\frac { 4 }{ 100 }\) = 12
5. 15% of 1700 = 1700 × \(\frac { 15 }{ 100 }\) = 255

Question 2.
You may have seen advertisements like ‘Monsoon Sale’, ‘Stock Clearance Sale’ etc offering different discount. In such a sale, a discount is offered on various goods. Generally in the month of July, sales of clothes are declared. Find and discuss the purpose of such sales. (Textbook pg. no. 51)
Solution:
(Students should attempt the above activity on their own)

Maharashtra Board Class 8 Maths Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Maths Solutions covers the Practice Set 9.3 Geometry 9th Class Maths Part 2 Answers Solutions Chapter 9 Surface Area and Volume.

Practice Set 9.3 Geometry 9th Std Maths Part 2 Answers Chapter 9 Surface Area and Volume

Question 1.
Find the surface areas and volumes of spheres of the following radii
i. 4 cm
ii. 9 cm
iii. 3.5 cm (π = 3.14)
i. Given: Radius (r) = 4 cm
To find: Surface area and volume of sphere
Solution:
Surface area of sphere = 4πr²
= 4 x 3.14 x 4²
∴ Surface area of sphere = 200.96 sq.cm
Volume of sphere = \(\frac { 4 }{ 3 }\)πr³
= \(\frac { 4 }{ 3 }\) x 3.14 x 4²
∴ Volume of sphere = 267.95 cubic cm

ii. Given: Radius (r) = 9 cm
To find: Surface area and volume of sphere
Solution:
Surface area of sphere = 4πr²
= 4 x 3.14 x 9²
∴ Surface area of sphere = 1017.36 sq.cm

∴ Volume of sphere = 3052.08 cubic cm

iii. Given: Radius (r) = 3.5 cm
To find: Surface area and volume of sphere
Solution:
Surface area of sphere = 4πr²
= 4 x 3.14 x (3.5)²
∴ Surface area of sphere = 153.86 sq.cm
Volume of sphere = \(\frac { 4 }{ 3 }\) πr³
= \(\frac { 4 }{ 3 }\) x 3.14 x (3.5)³
∴ Volume of sphere = 179.50 cubic cm

Question 2.
If the radius of a solid hemisphere is 5 cm, then find its curved surface area and total surface area, (π = 3.14)
Given: Radius (r) = 5 cm
To find: Curved surface area and total surface area of hemisphere
Solution:
i. Curved surface area of hemisphere = 2πr²
= 2 x 3.14 x 5²
= 2 x 3.14 x 25
= 50 x 3.14
= 157 sq.cm.

ii. Total surface area of hemisphere = 3πr²
= 3 x 3.14 x 5²
= 235.5 sq.cm.
∴ The curved surface area and totai surface area of hemisphere are 157 sq.cm, and 235.5 sq.cm, respectively.

Question 3.
If the surface area of a sphere is 2826 cm² then find its volume. (π = 3.14)
Given: Surface area of sphere = 2826 sq.cm.
To find: Volume of sphere
Solution:
i. Surface area of sphere = 4πr²
∴ 2826 = 4 x 3.14 x r²
2826 = 282600 = 900
∴ \( r^{2}=\frac{2826}{4 \times 3.14}=\frac{282600}{4 \times 314}=\frac{900}{4}\)
∴ r² = 225
∴ r = \(\sqrt { 225 }\) … [Taking square root on both sides]
= 15 cm

ii. Volume of sphere = \(\frac { 4 }{ 3 }\) πr³
= \(\frac { 4 }{ 3 }\) x 3.14 x 15³
= \(\frac { 4 }{ 3 }\) x 3.14 x 15 x 15 x 15
= 4 x 3.14 x 5 x 15 x 15
= 14130 cubic cm.
∴ The volume of the sphere is 14130 cubic cm.

Question 4.
Find the surface area of a sphere, if its volume is 38808 cubic cm. (π = \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\))
Given: Volume of sphere = 38808 cubic cm.
To find: Surface area of sphere
Solution:

∴ r³ = 441 x 21 = 21 x 21 x 21
∴ r = 21 cm … [Taking cube root on both sides]
ii. Surface area of sphere = 4πr²
= 4 x \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) x 21
= 4 x \(\frac { 22 }{ 7 }\) x 21 x 21
= 4 x 22 x 3 x 21
= 5544 sq.cm.
∴ The surface area of sphere is 5544 sq.cm.

Question 5.
Volume of a hemisphere is 18000π cubic cm. Find its diameter.
Given: Volume of hemisphere = 1 8000π cubic cm.
To find: Diameter of the hemisphere
Solution:
i. Volume of hemisphere = \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 }\) πr³

= 9000 x 3
∴ r³ = 27000
∴ r = \(\sqrt [ 3 ]{ 27000 }\) … [Taking cube root on both sides]
= 30 cm

ii. Diameter = 2r
= 2 x 30 = 60 cm
∴ The diameter of the hemisphere is 60 cm.

Maharashtra Board Class 9 Maths Solutions

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Maths Solutions covers the 7th Std Maths Practice Set 50 Answers Solutions Chapter 14 Algebraic Formulae – Expansion of Squares.

Algebraic Formulae – Expansion of Squares Class 7 Practice Set 50 Answers Solutions Chapter 14

Question 1.
Expand:
i. (5a + 6b)²
ii. \(\left(\frac{\mathrm{a}}{2}+\frac{\mathrm{b}}{3}\right)^{2}\)
iii. (2p – 3q)²
iv. \(\left(x-\frac{2}{x}\right)^{2}\)
v. (ax + by)²
vi. (7m – 4)²
vii. \(\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2}\)
viii. \(\left(a-\frac{1}{a}\right)^{2}\)
Solution:
i. (5a + 6b)²
Here, A = 5a and B = 6b
(5a + 6b)² = (5a)² + 2 × 5a × 6b + (6b)²
…. [(A + B)² = A² + 2AB + B²]
∴ (5a + 6b)² = 25a² + 60ab + 36b²

ii. \(\left(\frac{\mathrm{a}}{2}+\frac{\mathrm{b}}{3}\right)^{2}\)
Here A = \(\frac { a }{ 2 }\) and B = \(\frac { b }{ 3 }\)

iii. (2p – 3q)²
Here, a = 2p and b = 3q
(2p – 3q)² = (2p)² – 2 × (2p) × (3q) + (3q)²
…. [(a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b²]
∴ (2p – 3q)² = 4p² – 12pq + 9q²

iv. \(\left(x-\frac{2}{x}\right)^{2}\)
Here a = x and b = \(\frac { 2 }{ x }\)

v. (ax + by)²
Here, A = ax and B = by
(ax + by)² = (ax)² + 2 × ax × by + (by)²
…. [(A + B)² = A² + 2AB + B²]
∴ (ax + by)² = a²x² + 2abxy + b²y²

vi. (7m – 4)²
Here, a = 7m and b = 4
(7m – 4)² = (7m)² – 2 × 7m × 4 + 4²
…. [(a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b²]
∴ (7m – 4)² = 49m² – 56m + 16

vii. \(\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2}\)
Here a = x and b = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)

viii. \(\left(a-\frac{1}{a}\right)^{2}\)
Here A = a and B = \(\frac { 1 }{ a }\)

Question 2.
Which of the options given below is the square of the binomial
(A) \(64-\frac{1}{x^{2}}\)
(B) \(64+\frac{1}{x^{2}}\)
(C) \(64-\frac{16}{x}+\frac{1}{x^{2}}\)
(D) \(64+\frac{16}{x}+\frac{1}{x^{2}}\)
Solution:
(C) \(64-\frac{16}{x}+\frac{1}{x^{2}}\)

Hint:
= \(\left(8-\frac{1}{x}\right)^{2}=8^{2}-2 \times 8 \times \frac{1}{x}+\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)^{2}\) …[(a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b²]
= \(64-\frac{16}{x}+\frac{1}{x^{2}}\)

Question 3.
Of which of the binomials given below is the m²n² + 14mnpq + 49p²q² the expansion?
(A) (m + n) (p + q)
(B) (mn – pq)
(C) (7mn + pq)
(D) (mn + 7pq)
Solution:
(D) (mn + 7pq)

Hint:
Here, square root of the first term = mn
Square root of the last term = 7pq
∴ Required binomial = (mn + 7pq)²

Question 4.
Use an expansion formula to find the values of:
i. (997)²
ii. (102)²
iii. (97)²
iv. (1005)²
Solution:
i. (997)² = (1000 – 3)²
Here, a = 1000 and b = 3
(1000 – 3)² = (1000)² – 2 x 1000 x 3 + 3²
…. [(a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b²]
= 1000000 – 6000 + 9
= 994009
∴ (997)² = 994009

ii. (102)² = (100 + 2)²
Here, a = 100 and b = 2
(100 + 2)² = (100)² + 2 x 100 x 2 + 2²
…. [(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²]
= 10000 + 400 + 4
= 10404
∴ (102)² = 10404

iii. (97)² = (100 – 3)²
Here, a = 100 and b = 3
(100 – 3)² = (100)² – 2 x 100 x 3 + 3²
…. [(a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b²]
= 10000 – 600 + 9
= 9409
∴ (97)² = 9409

iv. (1005)² = (1000 + 5)²
Here, a = 1000 and b = 5 (1000 + 5)²
= (1000)² + 2 x 1000 x 5 + 5²
…. [(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²]
= 1000000+ 10000 + 25
= 1010025
∴ (1005)² = 1010025

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Maths Chapter 14 Algebraic Formulae – Expansion of Squares Practice Set 50 Intext Questions and Activities

Question 1.
Use the given values to verify the formulae for squares of binomials. (Textbook pg. no. 92)
i. a = -7, b = 8
ii. a = 11,b = 3
iii. a = 2.5,b = 1.2
Solution:
i. (a + b)² = (-7 + 8)²
= 1²
= 1
a² + 2ab + b² = (-7)² + 2 x (-7) x 8 + 8²
= 49 – 112 + 64
= 1
∴(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
(a – b)² = (-7 – 8)²
= (-15)²
= 225
a² – 2ab + b² = (-7)² – 2 x (-7) x 8 + (8)²
= 49 + 112 + 64
= 225
∴(a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b²

ii. (a + b)² = (11 + 3)²
= 14²
= 196
a² + 2ab + b² = 11² + 2 x 11 x 3 + 3²
= 121 + 66 + 9
= 196
∴(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
(a – b)² = (11 – 3)² = 8²
= 64
a² – 2ab + b² = 11² – 2 x 11 x 3 + 3²
= 121 – 66 + 9
= 64
∴(a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b²

iii. (a + b)² = (2.5 + 1.2)²
= 3.7²
= 13.69
a² + 2ab + b² = (2.5)² + 2 x 2.5 x 1.2 + (1.2)²
= 6.25 + 6 + 1.44
= 13.69
∴(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
(a – b)² = (2.5 – 1.2)²
= 1.32
= 1.69
a² – 2ab + b² = (2.5)² – 2 x 2.5 x 1.2 + (1.2)²
= 6.25 – 6 + 1.44
= 1.69
∴(a – b)² = a² – 2ab + b²-

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Maths Solutions covers the Practice Set 10.2 8th Std Maths Answers Solutions Chapter 10 Division of Polynomials.

Practice Set 10.2 8th Std Maths Answers Chapter 10 Division of Polynomials

Division of Polynomials Class 8 Practice Set 10.2 Question 1. Divide and write the quotient and the remainder.
i. (y² + 10y + 24) ÷ (y + 4)
ii. (p² + 7p – 5) ÷ (p + 3)
iii. (3x + 2x² + 4x³) ÷ (x – 4)
iv. (2m³ + m² + m + 9) ÷ (2m – 1)
v. (3x – 3x² – 12 + x⁴ + x³) ÷ (2 + x²)
vi. (a⁴ – a³ + a² – a + 1) ÷ (a³ – 2)
vii. (4x⁴ – 5x³ – 7x + 1) ÷ (4x – 1)
Solution:
i. (y² + 10y + 24) ÷ (y + 4)

∴ Quotient = y + 6
Remainder = 0

ii. (p² + 7p – 5) ÷ (p + 3)

∴ Quotient = p + 4
Remainder = -17

iii. (3x + 2x² + 4x³) ÷ (x – 4)
Write the dividend in descending order of their indices.
3x + 2x² + 4x³ = 4x³ + 2x² + 3x

∴ Quotient = 4x² + 18x + 75
Remainder = 300

iv. (2m³ + m² + m + 9) ÷ (2m – 1)

∴ Quotient = m² + m + 1
Remainder = 10

v. (3x – 3x² – 12 + x⁴ + x³) ÷ (2 + x²)
Write the dividend in descending order of their indices.
(x⁴ + x³ – 3x² + 3x – 12) ÷ (x² + 2)

∴ Quotient = x² + x – 5
Remainder = x – 2

vi. (a⁴ – a³ + a² – a + 1) ÷ (a³ – 2)

∴ Quotient = a – 1
Remainder = a² + a – 1

vii. (4x⁴ – 5x³ – 7x + 1) ÷ (4x – 1)
Write the dividend in descending order of their indices.
(4x⁴ – 5x³ – 7x + 1) = (4x⁴ – 5x³ + 0x² – 7x + 1)

∴ Quotient = \(x^{3}-x^{2}-\frac{x}{4}-\frac{29}{16}\)
Remainder = \(\frac { -13 }{ 16 }\)