Category: Class 7

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Maths Solutions covers the 7th Std Maths Practice Set 39 Answers Solutions Chapter 9 Direct Proportion and Inverse Proportion.

Direct Proportion and Inverse Proportion Class 7 Practice Set 39 Answers Solutions Chapter 9

Question 1.
Suresh and Ramesh together invested Rs 144000 in the ratio 4 : 5 and bought a plot of land. After some years they sold it at a profit of 20%. What is the profit each of them got?
Solution:
Total investment = Rs 144000
Profit earned = 20%
∴ Total profit = 20% of 144000 = \(\frac{20}{100} \times 144000\) = Rs 28800
Proportion of investment of Suresh and Ramesh = 4:5
Let the profit of Suresh be Rs 4x and that of Ramesh be Rs 5x.
4x + 5x = 28800
∴ 9x = 28800
∴ \(x=\frac { 28800 }{ 9 }\)
= 3200
∴ Suresh’s profit = 4x = 4 × 3200 = Rs 12800
Ramesh’s profit = 5x = 5 × 3200 = Rs 16000
∴ The profit earned by Suresh and Ramesh are Rs 12800 and Rs 16000 respectively.

Question 2.
Virat and Samrat together invested Rs 50000 and Rs 120000 to start a business. They suffered a loss of 20%. How much loss did each of them incur?
Solution:
Total investment = Rs 50000 + Rs 120000 = Rs 170000
Loss incurred = 20%
∴ Total loss = 20% of 170000 = \(\frac{20}{100} \times 170000\) = Rs 34000
Proportion of investment = 50000 : 120000
= 5 : 12 …. (Dividingby 10000)
Let the loss incurred by Virat be Rs 5x and that by Samrat be Rs 12x.
5x + 12x = 34000
∴ 17x = 34000
∴ \(x=\frac { 34000 }{ 17 }=2000\)
∴ Virat’s loss = 5x = 5 × 2000 = Rs 10000
Samrat’s loss = 12x = 12 × 2000 = Rs 24000
∴ The loss incurred by Virat and Samrat are Rs 10000 and Rs 24000 respectively.

Question 3.
Shweta, Piyush and Nachiket together invested Rs 80000 and started a business of selling sheets and towels from Solapur. Shweta’s share of the capital was Rs 30000 and Piyush’s Rs 12000. At the end of the year they had made a profit of 24%. What was Nachiket’s investment and what was his share of the profit?
Solution:
Total investment = Rs 80000
Nachiket’s investment = Total investment – (Shweta’s investment + Piyush’s investment)
= 80000 – (30000+ 12000)
= 80000 – 42000 = Rs 38000
Profit earned = 24%
∴ Total profit = 24% of 80000 = \(\frac { 24 }{ 100 }\) x 80000 = Rs 19200
Proportion of investment = 30000 : 12000 : 38000
= 15 : 6 : 19 …. (Dividing by 2000)
Let the profit of Shweta, Piyush and Nachiket be Rs 15x, Rs 6x and Rs 19x respectively.
15x + 6x + 19x = 19200
∴ 40x = 19200
∴ \(x=\frac { 19200 }{ 40 }=480\)
∴ Nachiket’s profit = 19x = 19 × 480 = Rs 9120
∴ Nachiket’s investment is Rs 38000 and his profit is Rs 9120.

Question 4.
A and B shared a profit of Rs 24500 in the proportion 3 : 7. Each of them gave 2% of his share of the profit to the Soldiers’ Welfare Fund. What was the actual amount given to the Fund by each of them?
Solution:
Proportion of share = 3:7
Let the profits of A and B be Rs 3x and Rs 7x respectively.
3x + 7x = 24500
∴ 10x = 24500
∴ \(x=\frac { 24500 }{ 10 }=2450\)
Profit earned by A = 3x = 3 × 2450 = Rs 7350
Amount given by A = 2% of his profit
= \(\frac { 2 }{ 100 }\) × 7350 = Rs 147
Profit earned by B = 7x = 7 × 2450 = Rs 17150
Amount given by B = 2% of his profit
= \(\frac { 2 }{ 100 }\) × 17150 = Rs 343
∴ The amount given by A and B to the Soldiers’ Welfare Fund are Rs 147 and Rs 343 respectively.

Question 5.
Jaya, Seema, Nikhil and Neelesh put in altogether Rs 360000 to form a partnership, with their investments being in the proportion 3 : 4 : 7 : 6. What was Jaya’s actual share in the capital? They made a profit of 12%. How much profit did Nikhil make?
Solution:
Total investment = Rs 360000
Profit earned = 12%
∴ Total profit = 12% of 360000
= \(\frac{12}{100} \times 360000\) = Rs 43200
Proportion of investment = 3 : 4 : 7 : 6
Let the investment of Jaya, Seema, Nikhil and Neelesh be Rs 3x, Rs 4x, Rs 7x and Rs 6x respectively.
3x + 4x + 7x + 6x = 360000
∴ 20x = 360000
∴ \(x=\frac { 360000 }{ 20 }\)
= 18000
∴ Jaya’s investment = 3x = 3 x 18000 = Rs 54000
Also, profit made by them is Rs 43200
∴ 3x + 4x + 7x + 6x = 43200
∴ 20x = 43200
∴ \(x=\frac { 43200 }{ 20 }\)
= 2160
∴ Nikhil’s profit = 7x = 7 x 2160 = Rs 15120
∴ Jaya’s share in the capital was Rs 54000 and the profit made by Nikhil was Rs 15120.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Maths Chapter 9 Direct Proportion and Inverse Proportion Practice Set 39 Intext Questions and Activities

Question 1.
Saritaben, Ayesha and Meenakshi started a business by investing Rs 2400, Rs 5200 and Rs 3400. They made a profit of 50%. If they reinvested all their profit by adding it to the capital, find out the proportions of their shares in the capital during the following year. (Textbook pg. no. 67)
Solution:
Total investment = Rs 2400 + Rs 5200 + Rs 3400 = Rs 11000
Total profit = 50% of 11000 = \(\frac{50}{100} \times 11000\) = Rs 5500
Proportion of shares = 2400 : 5200 : 3400
= 12 : 26 : 17 …. (Dividingby 200)
Let the profit of Saritaben, Ayesha and Meenakshi be Rs 12x, Rs 26x and Rs 17x respectively.
12x + 26x + 17x = 5500
∴ 55x = 5500
∴ x = 100
∴ Saritaben’s profit = 12x = 12 × 100 = Rs 1200
Ayesha’s profit = 26x = 26 × 100 = Rs 2600
Meenakshi’s profit = 17x = 17 × 100 = Rs 1700
∴ Saritaben’s new investment = 2400 + 1200 = Rs 3600
Ayesha’s new investment = 5200 + 2600 = Rs 7800
Meenakshi’s new investment = 3400 + 1700 = Rs 5100
∴ New proportion of shares = 3600 : 7800 : 5100
= 12 : 26 : 17 …. (Dividing by 300)
∴ The proportion of the shares in the capital during the following year is 12 : 26 :17

Question 2.
Are the amount of petrol filled in a motorcycle and the distance traveled by it, in direct proportion? (Textbook pg. no. 63)
Solution:
Yes.
If amount of petrol filled in the motorcycle is less, it will travel less distance and if the amount of petrol filled is more, it will travel more distance.
Hence, the amount of petrol filled in the motorcycle and the distance traveled by it are in direct proportion.

Question 3.
Can you give examples from science or everyday life of quantities that vary in direct proportion? (Textbook pg. no. 63)
Solution:

1. Number of chairs and the number of spectators.
2. Quantity (litres) of water and number of vessels required to store the water.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Maths Solutions covers the 7th Std Maths Practice Set 37 Answers Solutions Chapter 37 Direct Proportion and Inverse Proportion.

Direct Proportion and Inverse Proportion Class 7 Practice Set 37 Answers Solutions Chapter 9

Question 1.
If 7 kg onions cost Rs 140, how much must we pay for 12 kg onions?
Solution:
Let the cost of 12 kg onions be Rs x.
The quantity of onions and their cost are in direct proportion.
∴ \(\frac{7}{140}=\frac{12}{x}\)
∴ 7x = 12 × 140 ….(Multiplying both sides by 140x)
∴ x = \(\frac { 12\times 140 }{ 7 }\)
= 240
We must pay Rs 240 for 12 kg onions.

Question 2.
If Rs 600 buy 15 bunches of feed, how many will Rs 1280 buy?
Solution:
Let the bunches of feed bought for Rs 1280 be x.
The quantity of feed bought and their cost are in direct proportion.
∴ \(\frac{600}{15}=\frac{1280}{x}\)
∴ 600x = 1280 × 15 …. (Multiplying both sides by 15x)
∴ \(x=\frac{1280 \times 15}{600}=32\)
∴ 32 bunches of feed can be bought for Rs 1280.

Question 3.
For 9 cows, 13 kg 500 g of food supplement are required every day. In the same proportion, how much will be needed for 12 cows?
Solution:
Let the food supplement required for 12 cows be x kg.
The quantity of food supplement required and the number of cows are in direct proportion.
∴ \(\frac{13 \mathrm{kg} 500 \mathrm{gram}}{9}=\frac{x \mathrm{kg}}{12}\)
∴ \(\frac{13.5}{9}=\frac{x}{12}\) ….(13 kg 500 gram = 13.5 kg)
∴ 13.5 × 12 = 9x ….(Multiplying both sides by 9 x 12)
∴ \(\frac{13.5 \times 12}{9}=x\)
∴ x = 18
∴ The food supplement required for 12 cows is 18 kg.

Question 4.
The cost of 12 quintals of soyabean is Rs 36,000. How much will 8 quintals cost?
Solution:
Let the cost of 8 quintals of soyabean be Rs x.
The quantity of soyabeans and their cost are in direct proportion.
∴ \(\frac{12}{36000}=\frac{8}{x}\)
∴ 12x = 8 × 36000 ….(Multiplying both sides by 36000x)
∴ \(x=\frac{8 \times 36000}{12}=24000\)
∴ The cost of 8 quintals of soyabean is Rs 24000.

Question 5.
Two mobiles cost Rs 16,000. How much money will be required to buy 13 such mobiles ?
Solution:
Let the cost of 13 mobiles be Rs x.
The quantity of mobiles and their cost are in direct proportion.
∴ \(\frac{2}{16000}=\frac{13}{x}\)
∴ 2x = 13 × 16000 ….(Multiplying both sides by 16000x)
∴ \(x=\frac{13 \times 16000}{2}=104000\)
∴ Rs 104000 will be required to buy 13 mobiles.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Maths Solutions covers the 7th Std Maths Practice Set 35 Answers Solutions Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them.

Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them Class 7 Practice Set 35 Answers Solutions Chapter 8

Question 1.
Multiply:
i. 16xy × 18xy
ii. 23xy² × 4yz²
iii. (12a + 17b) × 4c
iv. (4x + 5y) × (9x + 7y)
Solution:
i. 16xy × 18xy
= 16 × 18 × xy × xy
= 288x²y²

ii. 23xy² × 4yz²
= 23 × 4 × xy² × yz²
= 92xy³z²

iii. (12a + 17b) × 4c = 12a × 4c + 17b × 4c
= 48ac + 68bc

iv. (4x + 5y) × (9x + 7y)
= 4x × (9x + 7y) + 5y × (9x + 7y)
= (4x × 9x) + (4x × 7y) + (5y × 9x) + (5y × 7y)
= 36x² + 28xy + 45xy + 35y²
= 36x² + 73xy + 35y²

Question 2.
A rectangle is (8x + 5) cm long and (5x + 3) cm broad. Find its area. Solution:
Length of the rectangle = (8x + 5) cm
Breadth of the rectangle = (5x + 3) cm
∴ Area of the rectangle = length × breadth
= (8x + 5) × (5x + 3)
= 8x × (5x + 3) + 5 × (5x + 3)
= (8x × 5x) + (8x × 3) + (5 × 5x) + (5 × 3)
= 40x² + 24x + 25x + 15
= 40x² + 49x + 15
∴ The area of the rectangle is (40x² + 49x + 15) sq. cm.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Maths Solutions covers the 7th Std Maths Practice Set 34 Answers Solutions Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them.

Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them Class 7 Practice Set 34 Answers Solutions Chapter 8

Question 1.
Subtract the second expression from the first.
i. (4xy – 9z); (3xy – 16z)
ii. (5x + 4y + 7z); (x + 2y + 3z)
iii. (14x² + 8xy + 3y²); (26x² – 8xy – 17y²)
iv. (6x² + 7xy + 16y²); (16x² – 17xy)
v. (4x + 16z); (19y – 14z + 16x)
Solution:
i. (4xy – 9z) – (3xy – 16z)
= 4xy – 9z – 3xy + 16z
= (4xy – 3xy) + (16z – 9z)
= xy + 7z

ii. (5x + 4y + 7z) – (x + 2y + 3z)
= 5x + 4y + 7z – x – 2y – 3z
= (5x – x) + (4y – 2y) + (7z – 3z)
= 4x + 2y + 4z

iii. (14x² + 8xy + 3y²) – (26x² – 8xy – 17y²)
= 14x² + 8xy + 3y² – 26x² + 8xy + 17y²
= (14x² – 26x²) + (8xy + 8xy) + (3y² + 17y²)
= -12x² + 16xy + 20y²

iv. (6x² + 7xy + 16y²) – (16x² – 17xy)
= 6x² + 7xy + 16y² – 16x² + 17xy
= (6x² – 16x²) + (7xy + 17xy) + 16y²
= -10x² + 24xy + 16y²

v. (4x + 16z) – (19y— 14z + 16x)
= 4x + 16z – 19y + 14z – 16x
= (4x – 16x) – 19y + (16z + 14z)
= -12x – 19y + 30z

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists

Class 7 English Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write what is implied in the following sentences.

Question a.
But few know his inspirational life story, which is all about courage and fighting against the odds.
(What does it tell you about Faraday’s life?)
Answer:
Faraday was bom into an extremely poor family. He had a speech defect which ended his formal education. He wanted to become a scientist. He came across a lot of difficulties and failures but through courage and determination, he achieved fame and name.

Question b.
Even then Davy did not have much hope for Faraday.
(What do the words ‘even then’ suggest?)
Answer:
Davy hired Faraday as his Secretary. Faraday worked relentlessly and became indespensible to Davy. ‘Even then’ suggests that even though Faraday did everything to prove himself, Davy did not believe that Faraday was capable of doing anything great.

Question c.
People started telling Davy that of all his discoveries, the best was Faraday himself.
(What does it suggest about Davy’s work?)
Answer:
The line suggests that the people felt that Davy had made discoveries which were good but Faraday’s discoveries stood out in comparison to Davy’s work.

2. Break the passage into convenient smaller sections. Give sub-headings or titles to each section.

Question 1.
Break the passage into convenient smaller sections. Give sub-headings or titles to each section.
Answer:

• 1st para: Michael Faraday, an inspiration
• 2nd para: Unhappy childhood
• 3rd para: Reading, an obsession
• 4th para: Twist in life
• 5th para: Magic of Electricity
• 6th para: Play of destiny
• 7th para: Fruits of labour
• 8th para: Revolution for mankind
• 9th para: A scientist is born
• 10th para: Challenges in life
• 11th para: Magic of magnets
• 12th para: A legend is born
• 13th para: Failure – a stepping stone to success
• 14th para: Obstacles – a challenge
• 15th para: Luck smiles again
• 16th para: Believe in yourself

3. List the different gadgets and instruments mentioned in the passage. Find more information about them (at least 3), using the Internet.

Question 1.
List the different gadgets and instruments mentioned in the passage. Find more information about them (at least 3), using the Internet.
Answer:
Gadgets and Instruments:
Fan, air conditioners, sewing machines, power tools, cars, trains, aeroplane engines, induction motors, telescopes, Bavarian glass, microscopes, electrical generators, light bulbs. Now you add to the list of gadgets and instruments. You can add your own too.

1. Microscope: It is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), a Dutch scientist, who in the late 17th century became the first man to make and use a real microscope. All microscopes came with a lens that can magnify 40 times the normal size.

2. Electrical generator: It was invented by Michael Faraday in 1831. It is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Sources of mechanical energy include steam, turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, etc. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

3. Fan: A fan is a machine used to create flow within a fluid, typically a gas such as air. The fan consists of a rotating arrangement of blades which act on the fluid. The fan was invented by Schuyler Skaats Wheeler in 1882.

4. Find out more about the following scientists with the help of the internet.
(a) Michael Faraday
(b) Humphry Davy
(c) Thomos Edison
(d) James Maxwell

Question 1.
Find out more about the following scientists with the help of the internet.
Answer:
(a) Michael Faraday: Michael Faraday (1791-1867) was an English (British) Scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. He was highly influenced by Humphry Davy and William Thomas Brande. He had notable awards to his credit, a few being Royal Medal, Copley Medal, Rumford Medal, Albert Medal.

(b) Humphry Davy: Humphry Davy (1778-1829) was a British scientist. It was he who found out that the inhalation of nitrous oxide produced surprising results, it came to be known as the laughing gas. He was awarded a medal by Napoleon and he identified the element iodine for the first time. He is remembered for his discoveries of sodium, potassium, calcium.

(c) Thomas Alva Edison: Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) an American inventor and businessman, has been described as America’s greatest inventor. He invented the photograph in 1877 because of which he came to be known as ‘The Wizard of Monto Park’. Thomas Edison had hearing problems during his childhood which persisted. The phonograph was the first machine that could record the sound of someone’s voice and play it back.

Edison recited the nursery rhyme ‘Mary had a little lamb’ and the phonograph played the words back to him. This was invented by a man whose hearing was poor and thought himself as deaf. It was Edison who designed a system of power plants. He has got 1093 patents to his credit. Many awards to his credit. Some of them are Franklin Medal, Albert Medal, Technical Grammy Award, etc.

(d) James Clerk Maxwell: James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics His most notable work was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation. He is known as the Father of Modern Physics. His other contributions included producing the first colour photograph taken in 1861 and many more. He earned an array of awards. To name a few, Rumford Medal, Keith and Hopkins prize, Adams prize, etc.

5. Language Study: Subject and predicate: A word or a phrase in a sentence that shows who or what does the action, is the subject. In the following sentences, the underlined part is the subject.
The baby is laughing.
The glass fell from the table.
The predicate Ls the part of a sentence that tells us something about the subject. The underlined parts of the following sentences show the predicates in them.
The baby is laughing.
The glass fell from the table.

Class 7 English Chapter 2.7 Great Scientists Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is the meaning of:

Question i.
Reading became his obsession.
Answer:
He could think of nothing else but reading.

Question ii.
Electricity became a lifelong fascination.
Answer:
Electricity enchanted him throughout his life. Electricity was his passion throughout his life.

Question 2.
Why do you think Faraday’s friend gave him a free ticket to Davy’s programme?
Answer:
Faraday’s friend gave him a free ticket to Davy’s programme because he knew about Faraday’s fascination for electricity and also that he could not afford the ticket.

Question 3.
Give one example each to show that:

Question i.
Faraday was a good pupil.
Answer:
Davy tried to find out how an electric current could be applied continuously, but failed to figure it out. He asked Faraday to try his hand at it. Faraday set to work and within a few days, solved the problem.

Question ii.
Davy was not a good mentor.
Answer:
Davy was not happy at Faraday’s achievement but was jealous of Faraday.

Question 4.
An induction motor is a commonly used electrical machine. What examples of its uses are given here?
Answer:
The examples of electrical machine in which induction motor is commonly used are:

1. fans
2. air conditioning
3. sewing machines
4. photographs
5. power tools
6. cars
7. trains
8. aeroplane engines.

Question 5.
Why were Faraday’s drawings not accepted?
Answer:
Faraday’s drawing were without any mathematical equations as he did not know much about advanced mathematics and lacked formal education. Faraday’s drawing without mathematical equation could not be understood and so his drawings were not accepted.

Question 6.
Does it mean they were wrong?
Answer:
No, Faraday’s drawings were not wrong. It lacked mathematical equations because of which it could not be understood.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
State whether true or false.
i. Faraday’s Laws are about electricity.
ii. Faraday did not suffer speech defect as an adult.
Answer:
i. True
ii. True.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Where was Michael Faraday bom?
Answer:
Michael Faraday was born into a poverty- stricken family in a dirty London suburb.

Question 2.
What came to an end when Michael Faraday was twelve?
Answer:
Michael Faraday’s formal education came to an end when he was twelve.

Question 3.
What were the odds against Faraday in his childhood?
Answer:
Faraday was born into an extremely poor family. He suffered from speech defect as a child. He could not even pronounce his own name. Other children laughed at him and even his teachers did not help him. when he was twelve, his mother was forced to pull him out from school. This put an end to his formal education.

Vocabulary:

Give the word meaning for.

Question 1.
‘mentor’
Answer:
A wise and trusted counsellor or teacher.

Question 2.
‘reverse engineer it’
Answer:
Taking apart an object and analyzing its components and workings in detail.

Word building.

Question i.
Give the noun form:
(a) inventor
(b) friend
(c) mysterious
(d) agree
Answer:
(a) invention
(b)friendship
(c) mystery
(d) agreement

Question ii.
Give the verb form:
(a) explosion
(b) comprehensive
(c) revolution
(d) success
(e) inspirational
(f) education
(g) modem
(h) courage
Answer:
(a) explode
(b) comprehend
(c) revolve
(d) succeed
(e) inspire
(f) educate
(g) modernize
(h) encourage

Question iii.
Give the adverb form:
(a) difficult
(b) secret
(c) random
(d) invisible
Answer:
(a) difficulty
(b) secretly
(c) randomly
(d) invisibly

Question iv.
Give the adjective form:
(a) communicate
(b) education
(c) experiment
(d) succeed
Answer:
(a) communicative
(b) educative
(c) experimental
(d) successful

Grammar:

Question 1.
Michael Faraday is regarded as one of the most distinguished scientists and inventors! (Add question tag)
Answer:
Michael Faraday is regarded as one of the most distinguished scientists and inventors isn’t it?

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Do you like reading inspirational stories?
Answer:
Yes, I do like reading inspirational stories. Reading inspirational stories motivates me to do something in life so that I too can gain fame and name while trying to make the world a better place to live in.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

State whether the following statements are true or false.

Question i.
Faraday succeeded Davy as the head of the laboratory after Davy’s death.
Answer:
True

Question ii.
He was so engrossed in the lecture that he applaud with the rest of the crowd.
Answer:
False

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
What was the subject of Davy’s lecture?
Answer:
The subject of Davy’s lecture was ‘The Mysterious force of Electric Fluid’.

Question 2.
What happens when an electric current is applied to a wire?
Answer:
When an electric current is applied to a wire, it causes that wire to behave like a magnet.

Question 3.
Why did Davy choose Faraday as his assistant?
Answer:
Davy was temporarily blinded by a chemical explosion which took place inside his lab. He needed an assistant with an excellent memory. He was reminded of Faraday and decided to make him his assistant.

Question 4.
Was Davy fair in his treatment of Faraday?
Answer:
No, Davy was unfair in his treatment of Faraday. He looked down upon Faraday because of his low social status and education. He told Faraday not to aspire for too.much and to stick to book-binding.

Question 5.
How did Faraday respond to that treatment?
Answer:
Davy’s treatment did not dishearten Faraday. Faraday was relentless. He worked day and night and learnt as much as he could and became indispensible to Davy.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give the noun forms of the following.
i. comprehensive
ii. aspire
Answer:
i. comprehension
ii. aspiration.

Question 2.
Give the adverb form:
i. difficult
ii. invisible
Answer:
i. difficulty
ii. invisibly.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Destiny had a strange plan in store for him. (Use a question tag)
Answer:
Destiny had a strange plan in store for him, didn’t it?

Question 2.
Identify the subject and predicate from the following sentences.

1. Davy became his role model.
2. Destiny had a strange plan in store for him. Subject Predicate

Subject	Predicate
a. Davy	became his role model.
b. Destiny	had a strange plan in store for him.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
What actions and thoughts of Faraday show that he was inspired by Davy?
Answer:
The actions and thoughts of Faraday which shows he was inspired by Davy are as follows:

1. He kept taking notes.
2. He was so engrossed in the lecture that he forgot to applaud.
3. He bound the notes he had taken down into a book, hoping to gift it to Davy.
4. He was inspired to become a great scientist and Davy became his role model.
5. Faraday thought that it would be wonderful if Davy became his mentor.

Read the following passage and do the activities.

Simple Factual Questions:

Say whether the following statements are true or false.

Question i.
Faraday succeeded Davy in 1829.
Answer:
True

Question ii.
In 1830 Faraday developed memory loss which continued for the rest of his life.
Answer:
False

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
When did Faraday develop memory loss?
Answer:
Faraday developed memory loss in 1840.

Vocabulary:

Question 1.
Give a sub-heading or title to the extract.
Answer:
‘Faraday – a Legend is born’.

Grammar:

Question 1.
Find any 4 verbs from the above extract.
Answer:
died, succeeded, made, moved.

Question 2.
Find any 2 proper nouns from the above extract.
Answer:
Faraday and Davy.

Question 3.
Faraday was now a legend. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Faraday was now a legend, wasn’t he?

Question 4.
Remember that piece of Bavarian glass Faraday had kept on his shelf? (State the Kind of sentence)
Answer:
Interrogative Sentence.

Personal Response:

Question 1.
Write the idea behind an electrical generator.
Answer:
Faraday noticed that if he moved a magnet, it would produce electrical current, converting motion into electricity. This is how the electrical generator came into being.

Question 2.
How far did Faraday convert the reminder of his first major failure into an instrument of great success?
Answer:
Faraday used the reminder of his first major failure, the Bavarian glass, to show the concept of polarisation. He thus converted it into an instrument of great success.

Question 3.
What complicated experiment did Faraday begin after he developed a memory loss?
Answer:
After developing a memory loss, Faraday began a complicated experiment to prove that light was closely related to electricity and magnetism.

Language Study

Do as directed.

Question 1.
Pick out the subject and predicate.

Question i.
A wealthy, educated physicist, he met.
Answer:
Subject: He
Predicate: met a wealthy, educated physicist

Question ii.
He was unable to explain.
Answer:
Subject: He
Predicate: was unable to explain

Question iii.
The induction motor spurred a revolution.
Answer:
Subject: The induction motor
Predicate: spurred a revolution

Question iv.
At thirteen, however, he stated working.
Answer:
Subject: He
Predicate: started working at thirteen

Question v.
One day he came across a book on electricity.
Answer:
Subject: He
Predicate: came across a book on electricity one day.

Question vi.
Other children laughed at him.
Answer:

• Subject: Other children
• Predicate: laughed at him
• Remember: If there is no subject, put a ‘you’ in the subjects place.
• e.g. Shut the door.
• Subject: You Predicate: Shut the door

Question 2.
Other children laughed at him. (Add a question tag)
Answer:
Other children laughed at him. didn’t they?

Question 3.
He started reading it. (State the kind of verb – Transitive/ Intransitive)
Answer:
started – transitive verb reading – transitive verb

Question 4.
Other children laughed at him. (Begin with’He…’)
Answer:
He was laughed at by other children.

Question 5.
Faraday solved the problem. (End with ‘…Faraday’)
Answer:
The problem was solved by Faraday.

Question 6.
Faraday was now a legend. (Make it interrogative)
Answer:
Wasn’t Faraday now a legend?

Question 7.
James Maxwell was a wealthy, educated physicist. (Frame a ‘Wh’ question so as to get the underlined word as the answer)
Answer:
Who was James Maxwell?

Question 8.
Get me a glass of water. (Separate the subject and predicate)
Answer:
Subject-You
Predicate – Get me a glass of water.

Question 9.
He undertook it as challenges and opportunities. (Identify the part of speech of the underlined words)
Answer:
challenges, opportunities – nouns.
Writing Skills

Question 10.
Find out from the internet an inspiring story.
Answer:
Lionel Messi, bom in 1987, into a middle-class family who lived in Argentina. He grew up in a football-loving family. He developed a passion for football at an early age. At 5, he showed great skills at a club coached by his father. It was strange to see that he was way too short when compared to the boys of his age. Wherever he went he was the shortest of all.

This did not stop him from playing. At the age of 11, he was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and had to take medical assistance. Every night he had to take an injection in his legs for 3 years. His family could not afford the treatment for long. Though he was a great asset for his soccer club, they refused to pay his bills. Lady Luck smiled on him and his family. At 13, he got an offer from F. C. Barcelona that they would pay for his treatment if he played for them.

His family moved to Spain with no money or job, all in the hope that his treatment will make him big enough to play soccer. At 17, despite being injury prone he became the youngest player in F. C. Barcelona to score a goal and became a star performer. Today, Lionel Messi is known as one of the greatest footballers of all time. He has won the most Ballon d’Ors in the world. The FIFA Ballon d’Or (Golden Ball) also known as the European Footballer of the year, was an annual association football award presented to the world’s best male player.
Messi’s story teaches us ‘Never lose hope.
You never know what tomorrow might bring. Keep believing in yourself’.

Great Scientists Summary in English

The lesson ‘Great Scientists’ is an inspirational and motivational lesson. The story about Michael Faraday and his journey through all odds in life to become one of the most distinguished scientists and inventors of modern times is really an eye-opener to all those who give up easily when faced with a difficult situation. Perseverance and a will to win will surely reach you to the height of success is described in this story. This is a story all teens must-read.

Introduction:

The lesson ‘Great Scientists’ is taken from the introduction to ‘Reignited’ by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh.

Glossary:

1. persevering (v) – to continue doing something in a determined way despite having difficulties ‘
2. deterred (v) – discouraged
3. distinguished (adj) – renowned, famous
4. inspirational (adj) – encouraged or making you feel you want to do something
5. poverty-stricken (adj) – extremely poor
6. defect (n) – lack or fault in a person
7. formal education (n) – classroom based education given by trained teachers
8. obsession (n) – the state of being preoccupied with someone or something
9. fascination (n) – passion
10. renowned (adj) – famous
11. comprehensive (adj) – exhaustive
12. dejected (adj) – sad
13. relentless (adj) – persistent
14. indispensable (adj) – that one cannot do without
15. career (n) – profession, occupation
16. revolution (n) – something that signifies a great change
17. reverse (v) – to turn something inside out
18. accomplish (v) – to finish successfully
19. significant (n) – notable
20. souvenir (n) – an item of sentimental value
21. complicated (adj) – difficult
22. randomly (adj) – without definite direction
23. filings (n) – particles of something (metal)
24. invisible (adj) – which cannot be seen
25. galaxies (n) – milky way
26. aliens (n) – any life form of extra terrestrial origin
27. conviction (n) – belief
28. epitomizes (v) – sums up
29. mentor (n) – a wise and trusted counsellor or teacher
30. reverse engineer it – taking apart an object and analyzing its components and working in detail
31. dynamo – a machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy
32. applaud – clap.
33. perseverance – hard work.
34. aspirations (n) – hopes of achieving something.
35. binding (v) – to join separate pieces of paper and make a book.
36. chemist (n) – a person who does chemical experiments or research.
37. consistent (adj) – that does not change over a period of time.
38. engrossed (v) – engaged with complete attention.
39. hooked (adj) – being so excited about something that you are unable to leave.
40. isolated (adj) – alone, separate.
41. legend (n) – a person who is very famous and admired.
42. novel (adj) – new and unusual.
43. pursue (v) – to engage in an activity over a long period of time.

Read More:

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Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work

Class 7 Science Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill ¡n the blanks with the proper words from the brackets.
(stationary, zero, changing, constant, displacement, velocity, speed. acceleration, stationary but not zero. inc reuses)

Question a.
If a body traverses a distance in direct proportion to the time, the speed of the body is ……………… .
Answer:
constant

Question b.
If a body is moving with a constant velocity, its acceleration is ……………… .
Answer:
zero

Question c.
……………. is a scalar quantity.
Answer:
Speed

Question d.
…………….. is the distance traversed by a body in a particular direction in unit time.
Answer:
Velocity

2. Observe the figure and answer the questions.

Sachin and Sarneer started on a motorbike from place A, took the turn at 13, did a task at C, travelled by the route CD to D and then went on to E. Altogether, they took one hour for this journey. Find out the actual distance traversed by them and the displacement from A to E. From this, deduce their speed. What was their velocity from A to E in the direction AE’? Can this velocity be called average velocity?

Question a.
Observe the figure and answer the questions

Sachin and Sarneer started on a motorbike from place A, took the turn at 13, did a task at C, travelled by the route CD to D and then went on to E. Altogether, they took one hour for this journey. Find out the actual distance traversed by them and the displacement from A to E. From this, deduce their speed. What was their velocity from A to E in the direction AE’? Can this velocity be called average velocity?
Answer:
1. Actual distance = \(\overline{\mathrm{AB}}\) + \(\overline{\mathrm{BC}}\) + \(\overline{\mathrm{CD}}\) + \(\overline{\mathrm{DE}}\) = 3 + 4 + 5 + 3
Actual distance = 15 km

2. Displacement = \(\overline{\mathrm{AB}}\) + \(\overline{\mathrm{BD}}\) + \(\overline{\mathrm{DE}}\)
= 3 + 3 + 3
Displacement = 9 km

3. Speed = \(\frac{\text { Distance travelled }}{\text { Total time }}\)
Distance = 15 km = 15 × 1000 = 15000 m
Time = 1 hr = 1 × 60 × 60 = 3600 sec.
s = \(\frac{15000}{3600}\) or s = \(\frac{15 \mathrm{~km}}{1 \text { hour }}\) = 15km/hour
= 4.16 m/sec. or 15 km/hour

4. Velocity = \(\frac{\text { Distance travelled }}{\text { Total time }}\)
Displacement = 9 km = 9 × 1000 = 9000 m
Time = 1 hr = 1 × 60 × 60 = 3600 sec
V = \(\frac{9000}{3600}\) or V = \(\frac{9 \mathrm{~km}}{1 \text { hour }}\) = 9 km/hour
= 2.5 m/sec. or 9 km/hour

5. Yes, this velocity can be called as average velocity.

3. From the groups B and C, choose the proper words, for each of the words in group A.

Question a.
From the groups B and C, choose the proper words, for each of the words in group A.

Answer:

Group ‘A’	Group B’	Group ‘C’
Work	Joule	erg
Force	Newton	dyne
Displacement	Metre	cm

4. A bird sitting on a wire, flies, circles around and comes back to its perch. Explain the total distance it traversed during its flight and its eventual displacement.

Question a.
Answer:
The total distance the bird has traversed is the length of the distance covered by circling, but the eventual displacement are the bird is zero as its initial and final position are one and the same.

5. Explain the following concepts in your own words with everyday examples: force, work, displacement, velocity, acceleration, distance.

Question a.
Explain the following concepts in your own words with everyday examples: force, work, displacement, velocity, acceleration, distance.
Answer:
1. Force: The interaction that brings about the acceleration is called force.
e.g: An ox is pulling a cart, applying brakes to a bicycle, lifting heavy iron object with a crane.

2. Work: When an object is displaced by applying a force on it, work is said to be done.
e.g: A bucketful of water is to be drawn from a well and taken to the home by walking from well to home.

3. Displacement: The minimum distance
traversed by a moving body in one direction from the original point to reach the final point is called displacement.
e.g: A rolling of a ball from point A to point B in the same direction.

4. Velocity: Velocity is the distance traversed by a body in a specific direction in unit time.
e.g: A truck is covering a distance of 40km from A to D in a straight line in 1 hour.

5. Acceleration: It is change in velocity per second. It can be deduced.
Acceleration = \(\frac{\text { Change in velocity }}{\text { Time taken for change }}\)
e.g:

(i) In the above example a truck covered the distance AB at velocity of 60 km/hr, BC at 30 km/hr and CD at 40 km/hr. (ii) It means that the velocity for the distance CD is greater than the velocity for the distance BC. (iii) From the number of seconds required for this change in velocity to take place, the change in velocity per second can be deduced. This is called acceleration (iv) Distance: The length of the route actually traversed by a moving body irrespective of the direction is called distance.
e.g: Ranjit travelled 1km. from his home to school.

6. A ball is rolling from A to D on a flat and smooth surface. Its speed is 2 cm/s. On reaching B, it was pushed continuously up to C. On reaching D from C, its speed had become 4 cm/s. It took 2 seconds for it to go from B to C. What is the acceleration of the ball as it goes from B to C.

Question a.
A ball is rolling from A to D on a flat and smooth surface. Its speed is 2 cm/s. On reaching B, it was pushed continuously up to C. On reaching D from C, its speed had become 4 cm/s. It took 2 seconds for it to go from B to C. What is the acceleration of the ball as it goes from B to C.

Answer:
As its initial and final positions are one and the same.
Initial Velocity = 2 cm/s.
Final Velocity = 4 cm/s
Time taken for the change in velocity from B to
D = 4 cm/s – 2 cm/s = 2 cm/s

7. Solve the following problems.

Question a.
A force of 1000 N was applied to stop a car that was moving with a constant velocity. The car stopped after moving through 10m. How much is the work done?
Answer:
Force (F) = 1000 N
displacement (s) = 10m
work done (W) = ?
W = Fs
= 1000 × 10
W = 10,000 Joule

Question b.
A cart with mass 20 kg went 50 m in a straight line on a plain and smooth road when a force of 2 N was applied to it. How much work was done by the force?
Answer:
Force (F) = 2 N
Displacement (s) = 50 m
Work done (W) = ?
W = Fs
= 2 × 50
W = 100 Joule

Project:

Question a.
Collect information about the study made by Sir Isaac Newton regarding force and acceleration and discuss it with your teacher.

Class 7 Science Chapter 7 Motion, Force and Work Important Questions and Answers

Fill in blanks:

Question 1.
Displacement is a …………. quantity.
Answer:
vector

Question 2.
The …………. of an object can change even while it is moving along a straight line.
Answer:
velocity

Question 3.
The …………. velocity can be different at different times.
Answer:
instantaneous

Question 4.
Change in velocity per second is called …………. .
Answer:
acceleration

Question 5.
The interaction that brings about the acceleration is called …………. .
Answer:
force

Question 6.
The scientist …………. was the first to study force and the resulting acceleration.
Answer:
Sir Isaac Nezvton

Question 7.
Ability to do work is called …………. .
Answer:
Energy

Question 8.
W = …………. × S.
Answer:
F

Question 9.
Unit of work is …………. and …………. .
Answer:
Joule, erg

Question 10.
Unit of force is …………. and …………. .
Answer:
Newton, dyne

Question 11.
Force is a …………. quantity.
Answer:
vector

Question 12.
The velocity at a particular time is called …………. velocity.
Answer:
instantaneous

Question 13.
The …………. of a body is the distance traversed per unit time.
Answer:
speed

Question 14.
Unit of acceleration is …………. and …………. .
Answer:
m/s² and cm/s²

Question 15.
Force is measured by the …………. that it produces.
Answer:
acceleration

Question 16.
Work done by a body with no displacement will be …………. .
Answer:
zero

Say whether True or False, correct the false 1 statements:

Question 1.
Velocity is distance travelled per unit of time.
Answer:
False. Speed is distance travelled per unit of time

Question 2.
In displacement, both distance and direction are taken into account.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Speed = Distance/time.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Change in speed per second is acceleration.
Answer:
False. Change in velocity per second is acceleration

Question 5.
Work done depends on the force and the displacement.
Answer:
True

Question 6.
C.G.S. unit of acceleration is m/s².
Answer:
False. C.G.S. unit of acceleration is cm/s².

Question 7.
M.K.S. unit of force is dyne.
Answer:
False. M.K.S. unit of force is Newton

Question 8.
Force is measured by the acceleration that it produces.
Answer:
True

Write the difference between the following:

Question 1.
Speed and Velocity
Answer:

Speed	Velocity
1. Speed is distance travelled per unit of time.	1. Velocity is the distance traversed by a body in a specific direction in unit time.
2. It is a scalar quantity.	2. It is a vector quantity.
3. Formula: Speed = \(\frac{\text { Distance traversed }}{\text { Total time }}\)	3. Formula: Velocity = \(\frac{\text { Displacement }}{\text { Total time }}\)

Question 2.
Distance and Displacement
Answer:

Distance	Displacement
1. The length of the route actually traversed by a moving body, irrespective of the direction is called distance.	1. The minimum distance traversed by a moving body in one direction from the original point to reach the final point is called displacement.
2. It is a scalar quantity.	2. It is a vector quantity.

Solve the following problems!

Question 1.
A bus travelled 200 km in the first 3 hours and then 100 kms for the next one and a half hours and then 120 kms for the next one and a half hours. What is the average velocity of the bus if it has moved in a straight line for the whole journey.
Answer:

Question 2.
See the diagram and calculate the Distance and Displacement travelled by the body from A to I.

Answer:
Distance travelled =
A → B → C → D → E → F → G → H + I
= 5 + 7 + 6 + 3 + 5 + 4 + 6 + 5
= 41 m
Displacement = A → I in a straight line shortest distance
= 1m

Use your brainpower:

Question 1.
The unit of acceleration is m/s², verify this.
Answer:

Question 2.
Acceleration is a vector quantity. Is force a vector quantity too?
Answer:
Yes, acceleration and force both are vector quantities, because both can be expressed completely only when magnitude and direction are given and the quantity which needs direction and magnitude both is called a vector quantity.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Maths Solutions covers the 7th Std Maths Practice Set 36 Answers Solutions Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them.

Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them Class 7 Practice Set 36 Answers Solutions Chapter 8

Question 1.
Simplify (3x – 11y) – (17x + 13y) and choose the right answer.
(A) 7x – 12y
(B) -14x – 54y
(C) -3(5x + 4y)
(D) -2(7x + 12y)
Solution:
(D) -2(7x + 12y)

Hints:
(3x – 11y) – (17x + 13y) = 3x – 11y – 17x – 13y
= – 14x – 24y
= – 2 × 7x – 2 × 12y
= – 2(7x + 12y)

Question 2.
The product of (23x²y³z) and (-15x³yz²) is __
(A) -34x⁵y⁴z³
(B) 34x²y³z⁵
(C) 145x³y²z
(D) 170x³y²z³
Solution:
(A) -34x⁵y⁴z³

Question 3.
Solve the following equations:
i. \(4 x+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{9}{2}\)
ii. 10 = 2y + 5
iii. 5m – 4 = 1
iv. 6x – 1 = 3x + 8
v. 2(x – 4) = 4x + 2
vi. 5(x + 1) = 74
Solution:
i. \(4 x+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{9}{2}\)

ii. 10 = 2y + 5

iii. 5m – 4 = 1

iv. 6x – 1 = 3x + 8

v. 2(x – 4) = 4x + 2

vi. 5(x + 1) = 74

Question 4.
Rakesh’s age is less than Sania’s age by 5 years. The sum of their ages is 27 years. How old are they?
Solution:
Let the age of Rakesh be x years.
∴ Sania’s age = (x + 5) years.
According to the given condition,
x + (x + 5) = 27
∴ 2x + 5 = 27
∴ 2x = 27 – 5
∴ 2x = 22
∴ \(x=\frac { 22 }{ 2 }=11\)
Sania’s age = x + 5 = 11 + 5 = 16 years
∴ The ages of Rakesh and Sania are 11 years and 16 years respectively.

Question 5.
When planting a forest, the number of jambhul trees planted was greater than the number of ashoka trees by 60. If there are altogether 200 trees of these two types, how many jambhul trees were planted?
Solution:
Let the number of jambhul trees planted be x.
∴ Number of ashoka trees = x – 60
According to the given condition, x + x – 60 = 200
∴ 2x = 200 + 60
∴ 2x = 260
∴ \(x=\frac { 260 }{ 2 }=130\)
∴ 130 jambhul trees were planted.

Question 6.
Shubhangi has twice as many 20-rupee notes as she has 50-rupee notes. Altogether, she has 2700 rupees. How many 50-rupee notes does she have?
Solution:
Let the number of 50-rupee notes with shubhangi be x.
∴ Number of 20-rupee notes = 2x
∴ Total amount with Shubhangi = Number of 50-rupee notes × 50 + Number of 20-rupee notes × 20
= x × 50 + 2x × 20
= 50x + 40x
= 90x
According to the given condition,
90x = 2700
∴ \(x=\frac { 2700 }{ 90 }=30\)
∴ Shubhangi has 30 notes of 50 rupees.

Question 7.
virat made twice as many runs as Rohit. The total of their scores is 2 less than a double century. How many runs did each of them make?
Solution:
Let the runs made by Rohit be x.
∴ Runs made by Virat = 2x
According to the given condition,
x + 2x = 200 – 2
∴ 3x = 198
∴ \(x=\frac { 198 }{ 3 }=66\)
∴ Runs made by Virat = 2x = 2 × 66 = 132
∴ The runs made by Virat and Rohit are 132 and 66 respectively.

Maharashtra Board Class 7 Maths Chapter 8 Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them Practice Set 36 Intext Questions and Activities

Question 1.
Solve the following equations. (Textbook pg. no. 59)
i. x + 7 = 4
ii. 4p = 12
iii. m – 5 = 4
iv. \(\frac { t }{ 3 }=6\)
Solution:
i. x + 7 = 4
∴ x + 7 – 7 = 4 – 7 ….(Subtracting 7 from both sides)
∴ x + 0 = -3
∴ x = -3

ii. 4p = 12
∴ \(\frac{4 p}{4}=\frac{12}{4}\) ….(Dividing both sides by 4)
∴ p = 3

iii. m – 5 = 4
∴ m – 5 + 5 = 4 + 5
…. (Adding 5 to both sides)
∴ m + 0 = 9
∴ m = 9

iv. \(\frac { t }{ 3 }=6\)
∴ \(\frac { t }{ 3 }\) × 3 = 6 × 3 …. (Multiplying both sides by 3)
∴ t = 18

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Sulabhbharati Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Marathi Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र Textbook Questions and Answers

1. खालील प्रश्नांची एक-दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न अ.
विदयार्थ्यांनी अभयारण्यात सहलीला जाण्याचा हट्ट का धरला?
उत्तर:
जानेवारी महिन्यात विज्ञान केंद्रातर्फे शाळेत पक्ष्यांसंबंधीची चित्रफीत दाखवली होती. ती पाहून विद्यार्थ्यांनी अभयारण्यात सहलीला जाण्याचा हट्ट धरला.

प्रश्न आ.
अभयारण्यातून फिरताना सरांनी विद्यार्थ्यांना माळढोक पक्ष्याबद्दल काय सांगितले?
उत्तर:
अभयारण्यातून फिरत असताना सरांनी विद्यार्थ्यांना सांगितले की, ‘भारतातून नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असलेल्या माळढोक या अत्यंत देखण्या पक्ष्याला वाचवण्यासाठी वनविभागानं हे अभयारण्य घोषित केललं आहे.’

चर्चा करा. सांगा.

• पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे, याविषयी पालकांसोबत चर्चा करा.
• पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढवण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय करू शकता, याविषयी मित्रांसोबत चर्चा करून यादी तयार करा.

माहिती मिळवूया.

माहिती घेण्यासाठी किंवा देण्यासाठी अनेक साधने वापरली जातात. खाली माहिती देवाणघेवाण करण्याची/संवादाची काही साधने दिली आहेत. त्यांतील काही साधने एकतर्फी व काही साधने दुतर्फी माहितीची/संवादाची देवाणघेवाण करतात. त्यांची माहिती मिळवा व दिलेल्या तक्त्यात वर्गीकरण करा.
फॅक्स, पत्र, ई-मेल, मोबाइल, आंतरजाल, रेडिओ, वर्तमानपत्र, मोबाइल संदेश, चर्चा, मुलाखत, जाहिरात, भाषण, संभाषण.

उपक्रम:
तुम्ही भेट दिलेल्या एखादया पर्यटनस्थळाचे वर्णन करणारे पत्र मित्राला/मैत्रिणीला लिहा.

शब्दकोडे सोडवूया.

खालील चौकोनांतील अक्षरांमध्ये क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये लपलेली आहेत. उभ्या,आडव्यावतिरप्या पद्धतीने अक्षरे घेऊन क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये बनवावदिलेल्या जागेत लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
खालील चौकोनांतील अक्षरांमध्ये क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये लपलेली आहेत. उभ्या,आडव्यावतिरप्या पद्धतीने अक्षरे घेऊन क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये बनवावदिलेल्या जागेत लिहा.

उत्तर:
हळू, काही, आज, तिकडे, थोडासा, मोजके, तसा, वर, जरा, खाली, अनेक, तर.

Marathi Sulabhbharti Class 7 Solutions Chapter 5.1 दादास पत्र Important Additional Questions and Answers

एक किंवा दोन शब्दांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

1. दादाला पत्र लिहणारी – …………………….
2. सहल कुठे गेली होती? …………………….
3. भारतात नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असलेला पक्षी – …………………….
4. माळढोक पक्षी कोणाचा मित्र आहे? …………………….
5. माळढोक पक्षी वर्षातून किती वेळा अंडी घालतो? …………………….
6. माळढोक पक्ष्यांबरोबर पाहिलेले पक्षी – …………………….
7. पक्ष्यांचे फोटो काढण्यापूर्वी कोणाची पूर्वपरवानगी घ्यावी लागते – …………………….
8. संतुलित’ पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक कोणाला म्हटले आहे – …………………….
9. अभयारण्यातून फिरताना बहिणीला कोणाची खूप आठवण आली? …………………….

उत्तरः

1. आयेशा
2. माळढोक अभयारण्यात
3. माळढोक
4. शेतकऱ्याचा
5. वर्षातून एकदाच
6. चंडोल, माळटिटवी
7. वनखात्याची
8. पक्ष्यांना
9. दादाची

शब्दसमूहाबद्दल एक शब्द लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

1. खूप जण मिळून एकत्र फिरायला जाणे
2. पडक्यावर एकामागोमाग एक दाखविलेले चित्र
3. पशू-पक्षी सुरक्षिततेसाठी असलेली जागा
4. फोटो काढण्यासाठी वापरण्यात येणारे साधन
5. मनातील भावनांना, विचारांना लेखी उद्गार देणारे साधन

उत्तरः

1. सहल
2. चित्रफीत
3. अभयारण्य
4. कॅमेरा
5. पत्र

खालील प्रश्नांची एक-दोन वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
‘माळढोक पक्ष्याला शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र असे का म्हटले आहे?
उत्तर:
माळढोक पक्ष्याला शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र असे म्हटले आहे, कारण शेतातील किड्यांवर तो गुजराण करतो. त्यामुळे शेतातील किडे कमी होऊन पिकांचे त्यांपासून रक्षण होते.

प्रश्न 2.
माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी का होत आहे?
उत्तर:
माळढोक पक्षी वर्षातून एकदाच अंडी घालतो. शिवाय त्यांची अंडी जमिनीवर असल्याने इतर प्राणी ती तुडवून जातात, त्यामुळे माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी होत आहे.

प्रश्न 3.
सरांनी पक्ष्यांबद्दल सांगितलेली कोणती गोष्ट मुलांना पटली?
उत्तर:
सरांनी पक्ष्यांबद्दल सांगितले की, “पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे. प्रदूषण टाळण्यात, ङ्केवियांचं वाहन करण्यात त्यांची प्रमुख भूमिका असते.’

प्रश्न 4.
अभयारण्यातून फिरताना बहिणीला सर्वांत जास्त कोणाची आठवण आली व का?
उत्तर:
अभयारण्यातून फिरताना बहिणीला सर्वांत जास्त दादाची आठवण आली कारण दादालाही पक्षी खूप आवडत.

आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा.

प्रश्न 1.
माळढोक अभयारण्यात पाहिलेले पक्षी
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
पक्ष्यांची या गोष्टीत प्रमुख भूमिका असते
उत्तरः

पुढील उतारा वाचून सूचनेनुसार कृती करा.

कृती 1 : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
आकृतिबंध पूर्ण करा..
उत्तरः

प्रश्न 2.
रिकाम्या जागा भरा.
1. माळढोक पक्ष्यांबरोबरच आम्ही चंडोल, …………… तसेच इतर पक्षीही पाहिले.
2. पक्ष्यांचे फोटो काढण्यापूर्वी ………… पूर्वपरवानगी घ्यावी.
उत्तर:
1. माळटिटवी
2. वनखात्याची

कृती 2 : आकलन कृती

प्रश्न 1.
उत्तरे लिहा.
1. भारतातून नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर असलेला पक्षी – [ ]
2. माळढोक पक्ष्यांबरोबरच पाहिलेले इतर पक्षी – [ ]
उत्तर:
1. माळढोक
2. चंडोल, माळटिटवी

प्रश्न 2.
खालील प्रश्नांची एका वाक्यांत उत्तरे लिहा.

प्रश्न i.
माळढोक अभयारण्य कोणत्या मार्गावर वसले आहे?
उत्तर:
माळढोक अभयारण्य सोलापूर-बार्शी मार्गावर वसले आहे

प्रश्न ii.
माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी कधी होते?
उत्तर:
इतर प्राण्यांनी माळढोक पक्ष्यांची अंडी तुडवल्यास माळढोक पक्ष्यांची संख्या कमी होते.

कृती 3 : व्याकरण कृती

प्रश्न 1.
समानार्थी शब्द लिहा.
(i) सुंदर (ii) खग (iii) जंगल (iv) सखा
उत्तर:
(i) देखणी (ii) पक्षी (iii) वन (iv) मित्र

प्रश्न 2.
वचन बदला.
(i) वन (ii) गाव (iii) किडे (iv) पक्षी
उत्तर:
(i) वने (ii) गावे (iii) किडा (iv) पक्षी

प्रश्न 3.
खालील वाक्ये लेखननियमांनुसार लिहा.

प्रश्न i.
सहलिच्या दिवसी आम्ही पहाटेच निघालो.
उत्तर:
सहलीच्या दिवशी आम्ही पहाटेच निघालो.

प्रश्न ii.
माळढोक पक्षी शेतकरयाचा मीत्र आहे.
उत्तर:
माळढोक पक्षी शेतकऱ्याचा मित्र आहे.

कृती 4 : स्वमत

प्रश्न 1.
पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे, याविषयी तुमचे मत लिहा.
उत्तर:
निसर्ग हा सजीव व निर्जीव घटकांनी बनला आहे. यातील ङ्केप्रत्येक पटकांचा आकार, रंग, गुण हे वैशिष्टयपूर्ण असतात. पक्षीसुद्धा निसर्गाच्या या अविभाज्य घटकांपैकीच एक आहेत. निसर्गाच्या अन्नसाखळीत ते कुणाचे तरी भक्ष्य बनत असतात तर कुणाचे तरी ते भक्षक बनत असतात. अन्नसाखळीतील त्यांच्या या भूमिकेमुळे पर्यावरणाचा समतोल साधला जातो.

प्रश्न 2.
पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय करू शकता, याबद्दलची तुमची भूमिका स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तर:
आजकाल निसर्गातील अनपेक्षित व अनिष्ट बदलांचा परिणाम प्राणीजीवनाबरोबरच पक्ष्यांवरही होताना दिसतो. दिवसेंदिवस वाढणारी उष्णता व त्याच वेगाने निर्माण होणारी पाण्याची कमतरता यांमुळे पक्षांचे जीवन संकटात सापडले आहे. त्यांच्या वेगवेगळ्या प्रजातींची संख्या वाढवण्यासाठी शासकीय पातळीवर पक्षी अभयारण्ये उभारण्यासाठी जनजागृती मोहीम हाती घेऊ, तसेच मनुष्यवस्ती असलेल्या भागांत त्यांच्या दाणापाण्याची व्यवस्था करू.

त्याचबरोबर पक्ष्यांचे जीवन सुसहर होण्यासाठी वृक्षलागवडीसारखे उपक्रम हाती घेऊ. एवढेच नाही तर ज्या प्रजाती नष्ट होण्याच्या मार्गावर आहेत अशा प्रजातींचे रक्षण करण्यासाठी शासकीय स्तरावर त्यांच्या शिकारीस व हत्येस प्रतिबंध करू.

व्याकरण व भाषाभ्यास

खालील शब्दांचे विरुद्धार्थी शब्द लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तरः

1. मित्र × शत्रू
2. संतुलित × असंतुलित
3. काल × आज
4. देखणा × कुरूप

प्रश्न 2.
खालील वाक्यांतील नाम, सर्वनाम, विशेषण, क्रियापद ओळखा.
1. इतका देखणा पक्षी मी यापूर्वी कधीही बघितला नव्हता.
2. अभयारण्यातून फिरताना मला तुझी खूप आठवण आली
उत्तर:

नाम	सर्वनाम	विशेषण	क्रियापद
1.  पक्षी	मी	देखणा	नव्हता
2. अभयारण्य	मला, तुझी	खूप	आली

प्रश्न 3.
खालील वाक्प्रचारांचा वाक्यात उपयोग करा.
उत्तर:
1. घोषित करणे – क्रिकेटच्या संघाचा संघप्रमुख म्हणून माझे नाव घोषित करण्यात आले.
2. निरखून बघणे – मी झाडावरील पक्ष्याला त्याचे घरटे बांधताना निरखून बघत होतो.

शब्दकोडे सोडवूया.

खालील चौकोनांतील अक्षरांमध्ये क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये लपलेली आहेत. उभ्या,आडव्यावतिरप्या पद्धतीने अक्षरे घेऊन क्रियाविशेषण अव्यये बनवावदिलेल्या जागेत लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.

उत्तरः
एकदा, मजेशीर, तेथून, लगबगीने, मुळीच, तसाच, जरा, मागे, आता, पुढे.

खालील वाक्ये शुद्ध करून लिहा.

प्रश्न 1.
दादा, आम्ही हा माळढोक पक्षी जवळुन नीरखून बघीतला.
उत्तर:
दादा आम्ही ह्य माळढोक पक्षी जवळून निरखून बघितला.
उदा.

1. जाता-येता
2. चार-पाच
3. कधी-कधी

खालील वाक्यांत संयोग चिन्हाचा वापर करा. उदा.

प्रश्न 1.
कोणतीही गोष्ट कष्टाशिवाय साध्य होत नाही. विदयार्थांनी देखील अभ्यास करताना या कष्टाचा पाठपुरावा’ करावा रोज दोन तीन तास वाचन करावे.
उत्तरः
कोणतीही गोष्ट कष्टाशिवाय साध्य होत नाही. विदयार्थ्यां नी देखील अभ्यास करताना या कष्टाचा पाठपुरावा करावा. रोज दोन-तीन तास वाचन करावे.

लेखन विभाग

प्रश्न 1.
माहिती घेण्यासाठी किंवा देण्यासाठी अनेक साधने वापरली जातात. खाली माहिती देवाणघेवाण करण्याची । संवादाची काही साधने दिली आहेत. त्यातील काही साधने एकतर्फी व काही साधने दुतर्फी माहितीची / संवादाची देवाणघेवाण करतात, त्यांची माहिती मिळवा व दिलेल्या तक्त्यात वर्गीकरण करा.
फॅक्स, पत्र, ई-मेल, मोबाइल, आंतरजाल, रेडिओ, वर्तमानपत्र, मोबाइल संदेश, चर्चा, मुलाखत, जाहिरात, भाषण, संभाषण.
उत्तर:

एकतर्फी माहीतीची/ संवादाची साधने	दुतर्फी माहितीची संवादाची साधने
फॅक्स, पत्र, आंतरजाल, रेडिओ, वर्तमानपत्र, जाहिरात, भाषण	ई-मेल, मोबाइल, मोबाइल संदेश, चर्चा, मुलाखत, संभाषण

प्रश्न 2.
चर्चा करा, सांगा व लिहा.
उत्तर:
पक्षी हा संतुलित पर्यावरणाचा अविभाज्य घटक आहे, या विषयी पालकांसोबत चर्चा करा.

• आई : राधिका त्या चिमणीसाठी भांड्यात थोडे पाणी ठेव पाहू.
• राधिका : मी नाही.
• आई : राधिका या उन्हाळ्याच्या दिवसात माणसांप्रमाणे पक्ष्यांनाही खूप तहान लागते.
• राधिका : मला का सांगते? ती का माझी मैत्रिण आहे?
• आई : राधिका, पक्षी हे आपल्यासाठी खूप महत्त्वाचे असतात.
• राधिका : सांग पाहू कसे ते?
• आई : पक्षी आपण टाकून दिलेल्या फळांच्या बिया खातात, व त्यांच्या विष्ठेतून त्या बाहेर पडतात. त्यातूनच काही बिया रूजतात व झाडे उगवतात.
• राधिका : खरचं आई?
• आई : होय! जंगलात झाडे लावायला आपण जातो का?
• राधिका : नाही?
• आई : ती सर्व झाडे पक्ष्यांमुळेच उगवतात. आपल्या आजूबाजूला जी बडा-पिंपळाची झाडे दिसतात ना, ती ही तशाच प्रकारे उगवली आहेत.
• राधिका : आई, तू म्हणतेस ते अगदी बरोबर आहे. अजून पक्षी कोणते काम करतात?
• आई : पक्षी मेलेले उंदीर किंवा इतर नको असलेला कचरा किंवा छोट्या किटकांना खातात. त्यामुळे आपला परिसर स्वच्छ राहतो व पर्यावरण संतुलित राहायला मदत होते.
• राधिका : आई मी माझ्या मित्रमैत्रिणींना सुद्धा पक्ष्यांची काळजी घ्यायला सांगेन.

प्रश्न 3.
पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढवण्यासाठी तुम्ही काय करू शकता, या विषयी मित्रांसोबत चर्चा करून यादी तयार करा.
उत्तर:
सुवर्णा : अरे राज, तू चिमणी पाहिली आहेस का?
राज : दोन-तीन वर्षांपूर्वी मी एक चिमणी पाहिली होती, पण हल्ली चिमण्या कुठेच दिसत नाहीत.
सुवर्णा : याचे काय कारण आहे हे तुला माहीत आहे का?
राज : नाही
सुवर्णा : थांब मी तुला सांगते. आपल्या सर्व मित्र मैत्रिणींना पण तू बोलव! (सर्व मित्र मैत्रिणी एकत्र येतात.) आपल्याला सर्वांना पक्ष्यांची संख्या वाढविण्यासाठी काय करता येईल. यावर चर्चा करावयाची आहे. तर मग सांगा पाहू. (एकेक जण सांगू लागतात.) (1) आपण सर्वांत प्रथम झाडांची संख्या वाढवली पाहिजे. (2) पक्ष्यांसाठी पाण्याची सोय केली पाहिजे. (3) त्यांची घरटी सुरक्षित राहतील याकडे लक्ष दिले पाहिजे. (4) काहीजण पक्ष्यांची अंडी दुष्टपणे फोडून टाकतात ती वाचवली पाहिजेत.

(5) पक्ष्यांसाठी कृत्रिम घरे तयार करायला पाहिजेत. (6) पक्षी ओल्या कचऱ्याबरोबर कधीतरी प्लॅस्टिक पण खातात. यासाठी ओला व सुका कचरा वेगळा केला पाहिजे. (7) पक्षी झाडांकडे आकर्षित होतील अशा हिरव्यागार झाडांची संख्या वाढविली पाहिजे. (8) पक्ष्याना त्रास होणार नाही यासाठी मोठमोठ्या ध्वनिक्षेपकांचा आवाज टाळला पाहिजे. (9) फटाके उडविताना त्यांचा मोठा आवाज होतो त्यामुळे पक्षी घाबरतात, यासाठी आवाजविरहीत फटाके वाजविले पाहिजेत. (10) पक्ष्यांसाठी अन्नधान्य शेतात व इतर ठिकाणी राखून ठेवले पाहिजे.

प्रश्न 4.
तुम्ही भेट दिलेल्या एखाद्या पर्यटन स्थळाचे वर्णन करणारे पत्र मित्राला : मैत्रिणीला लिहा.
उत्तर:
॥श्री ।।

अ.ब. क.
सुयश अपार्टमेंट,
गांधी मार्ग, मधली आळी,
पनवेल 400805
दि.10 जुन 2018

प्रिय मित्र सुनिल यास,
सप्रेम नमस्कार तुझे पत्र मिळाले. यावेळी मे महिन्यात आई बाबांबरोबर मी महाबळेश्वरला गेलो होतो. त्यामुळे तुला पत्र लिहू शकलो नाही.

महाबळेश्वर हे उत्तम पर्यटन स्थळ आहे. अरे तिथले वातावरण तर खूपच सुंदर आहे. आम्ही तिचे सनसेट पॉईंटला गेलो होतो. तिथे इतका जोराचा वारा येतो की मला क्षणभर वाटले की मी ही वाऱ्याबरोबर उडून जातो की काय?

तसेच तेथे घोड्यावर रपेटही मारली. बोटींग केले. शेतातून काढलेली ताजी टवटवीत स्ट्रॉबेरीही आम्हांला खायला मिळाली.

तेथील बाजारात किती तरी हस्तकौशल्याच्या वस्तूही बघायला मिळाल्या. तेथील निसर्गरम्य वातावरणातून परत येण्याची इच्छाच होत नव्हती; पण काय करणार यावेच लागले. माझा अभ्यास व्यवस्थित सुरू आहे. तुझी खुशाली वरचेवर कळव.

तूबै एकदा महाबळेश्वरला जाऊन ये. तुझ्या आई बाबांना माझा शि. सा. नमस्कार. बाकी सर्व ठीक आहे.

तुझा मित्र.
अ. ब. क.

दादास पत्र Summary in Marathi

पाठ परिचय :

पत्र हे दोन व्यक्ती/संस्था यांच्यामधील वैचारिक, भावनिक देवाणघेवाण, संबंध आणि संवाद प्रस्थापित करणारे प्रभावी माध्यम आहे. मनातील भावनांना, विचारांना वाट करून देणारे ते साधन. संगणकाच्या व मोबाइलच्या जगात पत्र लिहिणे माणसे विसरूनच गेली आहेत. ‘दादास पत्र’ या पाठात बहिणीने आपल्या भावाला पत्राद्वारे सहलीला केलेल्या गमती व खुशाली कळविली आहे.

A letter is a strong medium of communication between two people or institutions to share ideologies, emotions, relationships and dialogues. It gives way to express one’s emotions or thoughts. In the world of computers and mobiles, people have forgotten to write letters. In ‘Dadas Patra’, a sister has written about her cherished memories of a picnic to her brother through a letter.

शब्दार्थ :

1. सहल – पर्यटन, फेरफटका – a picnic
2. चित्रफीत – सिनेमा – acinema/film
3. हट्ट – कळकळीची विनवणी – insistence
4. देखण्या – मोहक, सुंदर – charming
5. तुडवणे – पायाखाली चिरडणे – to crush under feet
6. पूर्व परवानगी – आगाऊ अनुमती, – prior permission
7. संमती संतुलित – समतोल – balance
8. पर्यावरण – अवतीभवतीची सजीव-निर्जीव सृष्टी – environment
9. प्रदूषण – अशुद्धता – pollution
10. पटणे – खात्री होणे – to be convinced
11. अविस्मरणीय – न विसरण्यासारखे – unforgettable
12. खुशाली – निरोगी व सुखी स्थिती – health and happiness
13. संतुलित – संतुलन राखलेले (Balanced)
14. अविभाज्य – विभागले न जाणारे (Integral)
15. वनविभाग (वनखाते) – अरण्यांची देखभाल करणारे खाते (forest department)
16. वहन – वाहून नेण्याची क्रिया (carrying)
17. पाठपुरवठा करणे – सतत मागे रहाणे/लागणे (persuance)
18. एकतर्फी – एका बाजूने (one way)
19. दुतर्फी – दोन्ही बाजूने (both way)
20. ध्वनिक्षेपक – speakers

वाक्प्रचार :

1. नष्ट होणे – नाहीसा होणे
2. घोषित करणे – जाहीर करणे
3. गुजराण करणे – निर्वाह करणे
4. निरखून पाहणे – बारकाईने निरीक्षण करणे

टिपा :

• चंडोल पक्षी – चिमणीसारखा दिसणारा हा पक्षी फार सुंदर गातो. त्यांची पिसे तपकिरी, राखाडी, वाळूसारखी काळी व पांढरी अशा विविध रंगाची असतात. मोकळ्या मैदानात व चराऊ गवताळ प्रदेशात त्यांचे वास्तव्य आढळते.
• माळटिटवी पक्षी – तितराइतका आकार असणाऱ्या या पक्ष्याचे पाय लांब तर पोट पांढरे व डोळे काळे असते. यास पिवळ्या गाठीची टिटवी असे म्हणतात. पडीक शेतीचा प्रदेश व धान्याची कापलेली शेते याठिकाणी हे पक्षी वास्तव्य करतात.
• माळढोक अभयारण्य – ‘जवाहरलाल नेहरू माळढोक अभयारण्य’ या नावाने ओळखल्या जाणाऱ्या या अभयारण्याची स्थापना सन 1979 मध्ये झाली. हे महाराष्ट्रातील आकारमानाने सर्वात मोठे अभयारण्य आहे. सोलापूर व नगर जिल्ह्यातील मोठ्या भूभागावर हे वसलेले आहे. याचे क्षेत्रफळ 8496 चौ.कि.मी. इतके आहे.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 English Solutions Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage

Class 7 English Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Read the poem aloud with proper rhythm. What does the rhythm remind you of?

From A Railway Carriage Exercises Class 7 Question 1.
Read the poem aloud with proper rhythm. What does the rhythm remind you of?

2. Find pairs of rhyming words from the poem.

From A Railway Carriage Questions And Answers For Class 7 Question 1.
Find pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
Answer:
witches – ditches, battle – cattle, plain – rain – again, eye – by, scrambles – brambles, gazes – daisies, road – load, river – ever.

3. Write the following: 

2.1 From A Railway Carriage Question Answer Question 1.
The sights seen through a railway carriage mentioned in the first stanza.
Answer:
The sights seen through a railway carriage mentioned in the first stanza are bridges, houses, hedges, ditches, horses and cattle in the meadows.

2.1 From A Railway Carriage Question 2.
The sights mentioned in the second stanza.
Answer:
The sights seen in the second stanza are hills, plains and painted stations.

From A Railway Carriage Poem Question 3.
The sights mentioned in the third stanza.
Answer:
The sights mentioned in the third stanza are a child clambering and scrambling to gather brambles, a tramp gazing at the train in wonder and green creepers for stringing the daisies.

4. Think and answer:

From A Railway Carriage Questions And Answers For Class 7 Question 1.
Why are the sights said to ‘fly’?
Answer:
The sights are said to ‘fly’ because the poet is sitting in a fast-moving train and all the beautiful scenes he gets to see as glimpses just rush past him and disappear because of the speed of the train.

From A Railway Carriage Question Answer Question 2.
Does the last line make you happy or sad? Why?
Answer:
The last line ‘and gone forever’ makes me feel sad because all the pleasure and happiness got from enjoying the beauty of nature comes to an end and disappears forever as the railway carriage speeds ahead.

5. List the lines that begin with ‘Here’ or ‘And here’.
Also list the sentences or phrases that begin with ‘And there’.
These phrases and sentences tell us about things that appear one after the other as the carriage moves. Can we tell which ones are closer to the train and which ones are at a distance? How?

From A Railway Carriage Questions And Answers Question 1.
List the lines that begin with ‘Here’ or ‘And there’.
Also list the sentences or phrases that begin with ‘And there’.
Answer:
The lines that begin with ‘Here’ or ‘And here’. ‘Here’ is an adverb which suggests ‘closeness’ of an object.

1. Here is a child.
2. Here is a tramp.
3. Here is a cart.
4. Here is a mill.

The above phrases show closeness to the train. ‘There’ is an adverb which suggests ‘distance’ of an object.

• And there is the green.
• And there is a river.

The above phrases show distance from the train.

6. Read the following:

From A Railway Carriage Exercises Question 1.
Read the following:
Charging along like troops in a battle
Fly as thick as driving rain
Using your imagination, write one or two comparisons each with:
i. like…, ii. as… as
Answer:
i. like…

1. This house looks like a castle.
2. Her cheeks are red like a rose.
3. He runs like a horse.
4. The child chattered like a magpie.

ii. as… as

1. He is as smart as a fox.
2. He is as big as an elephant.
3. He is as funny as a monkey.
4. Our soldiers are as brave as lions.

7. Write about the sights you may see from a bus or an aeroplane.
You may write it in the form of a short poem.

From A Railway Carriage Question And Answer Question 1.
Write the sights you may see from a bus or an aeroplane.
Answer:
The Red Bus
I’m out sightseeing in the red bus
With people around making a lot of fuss
I know I’m going to see wonderful sights
That’ll soar me to the heights
The greenery
The scenery
Oh! The wonderful luxury
Of travelling in the red, red bus.

Class 7 English Chapter 2.1 From a Railway Carriage Additional Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions.

From A Railway Carriage Questions And Answers For Class 7 Question 1.
What is the speed of the railway carriage compared to?
Answer:
The speed of the railway carriage is compared to the speed of fairies and witches.

From A Railway Carriage Poem In English Question 2.
Why is the child clambering and scrambling?
Answer:
The child is clambering and scrambling to collect brambles.

From A Railway Carriage Question 3.
What does the rhythm of the poem remind you of?
Answer:
The rhythm of the poem reminds me of the rhythm of the train.

From A Railway Carriage Exercises Class 7 Question 4.
Have you travelled during a rainy day? What was your experience?
Answer:
Yes, I have travelled during the rainy season. Travelling on a rainy day is an awesome experience. You actually come in contact with nature’s beauty. The smell of the wet earth, the greenery, the colourful flowers, the waterfalls, etc. We get to see nature at its best.

Reading Skills and Poetic Device

Read the following extract and do the activities.

From A Railway Carriage Answers Class 7 Simple Factual Questions:

Question 1.
Complete the web diagram with words from the extract.
Answer:

Question
What flies as thick as driving rain?
(Choose the right alternative)
i. Bridges and houses.
ii. Hill and plain.
iii. Hedges and ditches.
Answer:
ii. Hill and plain.

Complex Factual Questions:

Question 1.
How do the sights of the hills and plains move?
Answer:
The sights of the hills and plains move as thick as driving rain.

Question 2.
What does the poet see the child doing?
Answer:
The poet sees the child clambering and scrambling and gathering brambles all by himself.

Question 3.
To what is the charging train compared?
Answer:
The charging train is compared to troops in a battle.

Poetic Device:

Question 1.
Pick out two pairs of rhyming words from the 1st stanza.
Answer:
witches – ditches, battle – cattle.

Question 2.
Name the figure of speech for the following line.
“Faster than fairies, faster than witches”
Answer:

• Repetition: The word ‘faster’ is repeated for poetic effect, or
• Antithesis: The opposite words ‘fairies’ and ‘witches’ are used in the same line for better poetic effect.

Question 3.
Pick out a word from the extract which means ‘a woman having evil magical powers’.
Answer:
Witch.

From a Railway Carriage Summary in English

‘From a Railway Carriage’ written by R. L. Stevenson describes the scenes he sees through the window of a fast moving train. He is so amazed at the speed of the train and tries to grasp every glimpse he sees because they are out of sight the very next moment. The train moves with such great speed that everything he sees seems to be moving.

Introduction:

‘From a Railway Carriage’ written by Robert Louis Stevenson is a poem in which he shares his experience of a railway journey with us.

Glossary:

1. fairy (n) – a small imaginary being of the human form that has magical powers, especially good ones
2. witch (n) – a woman thought to have magical powers especially evil ones
3. hedge (n) – a fence or boundary formed by closely growing bushes or shrubs
4. ditch (n) – a narrow channel dug at the side of a road or field, to hold or carry away water
5. meadow (n) – a piece of grassland, especially one used for hay
6. clamber (v) – climb or move in an awkward and laborious way, using both hands and feet
7. scramble (v) – make one’s way quickly over rough ground by using one’s hands as well as feet
8. tramp (n) – a person who travels from one place to another on foot in search of work, a homeless person
9. lumping (v) – carry a heavy load somewhere with difficulty
10. glimpse (n) – quick look, (v) – to catch sight of briefly
11. bramble (v) – any rough, wild tangled prickly shrub, specifically the blackberry bush
12. carriage (n) – a passenger train
13. cart (n) – a horse-drawn vehicle with four wheels, used for transportation
14. cattle (n) – domesticated animals like cow and bull
15. gaze (v) – to look at something for a long time
16. mill (n) – a building with a machine to grind grain into flour
17. plain (n) – flat land having trees and grass
18. sights (n)- things that one sees
19. stringing (v) – with strings
20. troop (n) – a group of soldiers
21. meadow (n) – a field with grass and often wildflowers in it.
22. daisy (n) – a small flower with white petals and a yellow centre, which often grows in the grass.

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power

Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Write the meaning:

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question Answer  Question 1.
Chauthai.
Answer:
One fourth part of the revenue

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 2.
Sardeshmukhi.
Answer:
One tenth part of the revenue

2. Write the answer in one word:

Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 1.
Balaji was from this town in Konkan.
Answer:
Shrivardhan

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Class 7 Question 2.
He ruled Bundelkhand.
Answer:
King Chhatrasal

10 The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 3.
Bajirao died at this place.
Answer:
Raverkhedi

The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Answer Question 4.
He defeated the Portuguese.
Answer:
Chimajiappa

3. Write about them in your own words:

10. The Expansion Of The Maratha Power Question 1.
KanhojiAngre
Answer:

• Kanhoji Angre was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
• He choose Maharani Tarabai’s side.
• He attacked areas which belong to Shahu Maharaj.
• Shahu Maharaj appointed Balaji as Peshwa.
• Balaji was sent against Kanhoji.
• Balaji diplomatically turned Kanhoji towards Shahu Maharaj’s side.

Question 2.
The Battle of Palkhed
Answer:

• Mughal Emperor Farukhsear appointed Nijam-ul-Mulk as the Subhedar of Deccan.
• The Emperor gave Marathas the right to collect chauthai, Sardeshmukhi from the Mughals.
• The Nizam was against it.
• Bajirao decided to attack the Nizam and he defeated Nizam at Palkhed near Aurangabad.

Question 3.
Balaji Vishwanath:
Answer:

• Balaji Vishwanath was a prominent Maratha Sardar.
• He hailed from Shrivardhan, a town in Konkan.
• He was industrious and experienced.
• He convinced many Sardars to join hands with Shahu Maharaj.
• Kanhoji Angre, the chief of the Maratha Navy was against Shahu Maharaj and sided with Maharani Tarabai.
• He was sent against Kanhoji.
• Balaji avoided the war and diplomatically turned Kanhoji towards Shahu Maharaj’s side.

Question 4.
Bajirao I
Answer:
(i) After the death of Balaji Vishwanath, Shahu Maharaj made Bajirao I Peshwa in CE1720.

(ii) He expanded the Maratha Empire during his tenure of 20 years.

(iii) Nizam, the Subhedar of Deccan did not allow the Marathas the right to collect chauthai and sardeshmukhi.

(iv) Bajirao attacked Nizam and defeated him at Palkhed near Aurangabad.

(v) Under the leadership of his brother Chimajiappa. Bajirao sent Malharrao Holkar,: Ranoji Shinde and Udaji Pawar to strengthen the position of the Marathas in Malwa.

(vi) Mughal Subhedar Mohammad Khan Bangush attacked on Bundelkhand. The king of Bundelkhand, Chhatrasal requested Bajirao to help him.

(vii) Bajirao defeated Bangush. The King Chhatrasal honoured Bajirao on large scale.

4. Give reasons:

Question 1.
Two separate Maratha States were formed.
Answer:
(i) There was a battle between Shahu Maharaj and Maharani Tarabai for the throne/gadi.

(ii) Shahu Maharaj won the battle and captured Satara.

(iii) He got himself crowned and Satara became the capital of the Maratha kingdom.

(iv) In 1710, Maharani Tarabai declared her minor son Shivaji II as Chhatrapati at Panhalgad. Since then, a separate state of Kolhapur apart from Satara state came into existence in the Maratha Empire.

Question 2.
Azamshah released Chattrapati Shahu Maharaj from his custody.
Answer:
(i) Azamshah thought that if he released Shahu Maharaj from his custody, then there will be a fight between Maharani Tarabai and Shahu Maharaj for the throne of Chhatrapati.

(ii) The Maratha power will become weak and therefore Azamshah released Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj from his custody.

Question 3.
Delhi Darbar needed the help of the Marathas.
Answer:
(i) The Mughal Empire was threatened by the north-west Irani and Afgani attacks.

(ii) Local kings like Pathans, Rajputs, Jats and Rohilas also posed a threat for them.

(iii) The internal competition and tussle in die court also weakened the Mughal powers. Hence, Delhi Darbar needed the help Marathas.

Activity:

Get a biography of Maharani Tarabai and present an inspiring event in her life.

Class 7 History Chapter 10 The Expansion of the Maratha Power Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate word from the options given below:

Question 1.
Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj had got himself crowned at _______.(Pune, Satara, Malwa)
Answer:
Satara

Question 2.
At the time of Aurangzeb’s death, Shahajada _______ was in the south. (Azamshah, Aurangzeb, Farukhsear)
Answer:
Azamshah

Question 3.
Maharani Tarabai declared her minor son as Chhatrapati _______ at Panhala. (Shivaji II, Savai, Madhavrao)
Answer:
Shivaji II

Question 4.
_______ became the Subhedar of the Deccan. (Nijam-ul-Mulk, Farukhsear, Madhavrao)
Answer:
Nijam-ul-Mulk

Question 5.
Bajirao sent his brother ________ to subdue the Portuguese. (Chimajiappa, Malharrao Holkar, Ranoji Shinde)
Answer:
Chimajiappa

Question 6.
Bajirao defeated _________ of Bundelkhand. (Bangush, Nadir Shah, Farukhsear)
Answer:
Bangush

Question 7.
When Kanhoji Angre attacked Shahu Maharaj, he sent ______ against Kanhoji Angre. (Balaji Vishwanath, Bajirao, Shahu Maharaj)
Answer:
Balaji Vishwanath

Question 8.
After the death of Balaji Vishwanath, Shahu Maharaj made ________ as the Peshwa. (Chimajiappa, Bajirao I, Udaji Pawar)
Answer:
Bajirao I

Question 9.
Iran’s Emperor ___________ attack on India. (Nadirshah, Abdulla (Hassan), Hussein Ali)
Answer:
Nadirshah

Question 10.
After the death of Aurangzeb ________ and ______ dominated the Mughal Court.(Abdulla (Hasan), Hussein Ali, Nijam-Ul-Mulk)
Answer:
Abdulla (Hasan) and Hussein Ali

Question 11.
After the death of Emperor Aurangzeb the fight for __________ started between his sons. (Delhi’s throne, Chauthai-Sardeshmukhi, Subhedar of Deccan)
Answer:
Delhi’s throne

Question 12.
Prince Shahu was in the custody of _________ (Maharani Tarabai, Azamshah, Bahadur Shah)
Answer:
Azamshah

Question 13.
_______ became the capital of Maratha kingdom. (Satara, Kolhapur, Pune)
Answer:
Satara

Question 14.
__________was the chief of the Maratha Navy. (Balaji, Vishwanath, Kanhoji Angre, Bajirao I)
Answer:
Kanhoji Angre

Question 15.
Bajirao took his last breath at _______ (Raverkhedi, Bhopal, Palkhed)
Answer:
Raverkhedi

Question 16.
________ established the Maratha domination in North India by his bravery.
(Chimajiappa, Bajirao, King Chhatrasal)
Answer:
Bajirao

Match the following:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) Shahu Maharaj (2)Shivaji II (3) Nijam-ul-Mulk (4) Nadir Shah	(a)  Iran’s Emperor (b)  Satara (c) Panhalgad (d)  Subhedar of Deccan

Answer:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – a
4 – d

Question 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(1) King Chhatrasal (2)The Battle of Bhopal (3) Chauthai (4) Sardeshmukhi	(a)     One fourth part of the income (b)     Bundelkhand (c)     Bajirao (d)     One tenth part of the income.

Answer:
1 – b
2 – d
3 – a
4 – c

Explain the meanings of:

Question 1.
Subhedar.
Answer:
Historical rank in the army

Question 2.
Sanad.
Answer:
Authority

Write the answer in one word:

Question 1.
These places were under Portuguese rule.
Answer:
Vasai and Thane

Question 2.
The Emperor of Iran who invaded India.
Answer:
Nadir Shah

Question 3.
He was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
Answer:
KanhojiAngre

Question 4.
He was a great warrior.
Answer:
Bajirao

Question 5.
He was the first Peshwa.
Answer:
Balaji Vishwanath

Question 6.
The second Peshwa.
Answer:
Bajirao

Question 7.
Aurangzeb’s son.
Answer:
Shahajada Azamshah

Question 8.
Tarabai proclaimed her younger son as.
Answer:
Chhatrapati Shivaji II

Answer the following in one sentences:

Question 1.
Who was in the custody of Azamshah?
Answer:
Prince Shahu was in the custody of Azamshah.

Question 2.
What was the new political policy of Marathas?
Answer:
The new political policy of the Marathas was to protect and expand their own Empire instead of fighting with Mughal powers.

Question 3.
What had weakened the Mughal powers?
Answer:
The threat from local kings, internal competition and tussle in the court weakened the Mughal powers.

Question 4.
Who was Kanhoji Angre?
Answer:
Kanhoji Angre was the Chief of the Maratha Navy.

Question 5.
With whose help did Balaji receive the authority to recover Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi?
Answer:
With the help of Sayyid brothers, Abdulla (Hassan) and Hussein Ali, Balaji received the authority to recover Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi.

Question 6.
Whom did Bajirao send to Malwa to strengthen the position of the Marathas?
Answer:
Bajirao sent Malharrao Holkar, Ranoji Shinde and Udaji Pawar under the leadership of his x brother Chimajiappa to Malwa to strengthen the position of Marathas.

Question 7.
Whose help did King Chhatrasal seek to protect his kingdom Bundelkhand.
Answer:
The King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao to protect his kingdom Bundelkhand.

Question 8.
Which parts from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule?
Answer:
Vasai and Thane from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule.

Question 9.
Whom did Bajirao send to defeat Portuguese? ‘
Answer:
Bajirao sent his brother Chimajiappa to defeat the Portuguese.

Question 10.
What rights did Balaji get from the Mughal Emperor?
Answer:
Balaji got from the Mughal Emperor the sanads to collect Chauthai and Sardeshmukhi

Question 11.
Why did Chhatrasal ask Balaji for help?
Answer:
Mohammad Khan Bangush, the Mughal Subhedar of Allahabad attacked Bundelkhand and defeated Chhatrasal. So, Chhatrasal asked Balaji for help.

Question 12.
Where did Bajirao defeat the Nizam?
Answer:
Bajirao defeated the Nizam at Palkhed near Aurangabad.

Question 13.
What were the great qualities of Bajirao?
Answer:
Bajirao was a great warrior, a powerful ruler who established the Maratha dominance in North.

Write notes on the following:

Question 1.
The Battle of Bhopal
Answer:

• The emperor became restless due to Bajirao’s attack.
• He called the Nizam to protect Delhi.
• The Nizam attacked Bajirao with his large army.
• Bajirao defeated him at Bhopal.
• The Nizam agreed to secure the sanad of Malwa subhedari to Marathas from the Badshah.

Give explanations for the following:

Question 1.
Portuguese.
Answer:

• Vasai and Thane from Konkan coastal area were under Portuguese rule.
• Portuguese rulers used to exploit people.

Question 2.
King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao for help.
Answer:

• King Chhatrasal established his own kingdom in Bundelkhand.
• Mughal Subhedar Mohammad Khari Bangush attacked Bundelkhand and defeated king Chhatrasal.
• Hence, King Chhatrasal requested Bajirao for help.

Question 3.
Shahu Maharaj knew the integrities of the Mughals.
Answer:

• The early part of Shahu Maharaj’s life was spent in Mughal camps.
• He has seen Mughal politics from close quarters.
• He was aware of the strong and weak points of the Mughal empire very well.
• He also knew some influential people in Mughal Darbar.
• All these factors helped him in the changing circumstances to decide the new direction for Maratha politics.

Answer the following in short:

Question 1.
How did Balaji Vishwanath turned Kanhoji towards the side of Shahu Maharaj?
Answer:

• Kanhoji Angre was the chief of the Maratha Navy.
• He chose Maharani Tarabai’s side.
• He attacked areas which belonged to Shahu Maharaj.
• Shahu Maharaj sent Balaji Vishwanath against Kanhoji.
• Balaji avoided the war and won Kanhoji towards the side of Shahu Maharaj.

Question 2.
Why did Bajirao decide to attack Delhi?
Answer:

• The Marathas established their supremacy in Malwa and Bundelkhand.
• Bajirao demanded Malwa Subhedari from the Badshah (Emperor).
• The Emperor rejected his demand Hence Bajirao decided to attack Delhi.